| KGG DCXDLJGC-1=4? | CDSG ; 1= -=7-1=4? | FGF@QY ADZGC | FDSOGFDSIJZ
]DQS ; III FDSOGFDSIJZ FJT typg ZGJSI@L ‚ 4 ; (Fdxifuf Fdres ; 13) (=8) qugsti`ls. Sois sgjti`l j`ltdils ZI_ (=8) qugsti`ls. `pti`ls h`r j`rrgjt dlswgr(s). @LG @Q F@QG SODL @LG @LG `h togsg h`ur `pti`l(s) is (drg) j`rrgjt Gdjo qugsti`l ods H@WQ `pti`ls `pti`l(s). jo``sg tog j`rrgjt `pti`l(s) `pti`l(s) t` dlswgr tog qugsti`l. qugsti`l. H`r gdjo qugsti`l, jo``sg Dlswgr t` gdjo qugsti`l wibb ag gvdbudtgc djj`rciln t` tog h`bb`wiln fdreiln jo`sgl.
Hubb Fdres
;
+3 Ih `lby (dbb) tog j`rrgjt `pti`l(s) is (drg) jo`sgl.
]drtidb Fdres ;
+: Ih +: Ih dbb tog h`ur `pti`ls drg j`rrgjt aut @LBY torgg `pti`ls drg jo`sgl.
]drtidb Fdres ;
+1 +1 Ih torgg `r f`rg `pti`ls drg j`rrgjt aut aut @LBY tw` `pti`ls drg jo`sgl, a`to `h woijo drg j`rrgjt `pti`ls.
]drtidb Fdres ;
+4 Ih +4 Ih tw` `r f`rg `pti`ls drg j`rrgjt aut @LBY `lg `pti`l is jo`sgl dlc it is d j`rrgjt `pti`l.
[gr` Fdres ;
= Ih l`lg `h tog `pti`ls is jo`sgl (i.g. tog qugsti`l is uldlswgrgc). uldlswgrgc).
Lgndtivg Fdres ;
‚1 Il dbb `togr jdsgs.
H`r Gxdfpbg ; Ih ; Ih hirst, toirc dlc h`urto drg tog @LBY torgg j`rrgjt `pti`ls h`r d qugsti`l wito sgj`lc `pti`l agiln dl ilj`rrgjt `pti`l5 sgbgjtiln `lby tw` `h tog torgg j`rrgjt `pti`ls (g.n. tog hirst dlc h`urto `pti`ls), wito`ut sgbgjtiln dly ilj`rrgjt `pti`l (sgj`lc `pti`l il tois jdsg), wibb rgsubt il +1 fdres. Zgbgjtiln `lby `lg `h tog torgg j`rrgjt `pti`ls (gitogr hirst `r toirc `r h`urto `pti`l), wito`ut sgbgjtiln dly ilj`rrgjt `pti`l (sgj`lc `pti`l il tois jdsg), wibb rgsubt il +4 fdres. Zgbgjtiln dly ilj`rrgjt `pti`l(s) (sgj`lc `pti`l il tois jdsg), wito `r wito`ut sgbgjti`l `h dly j`rrgjt `pti`l(s) wibb rgsubt il ‚1 fdres.
4.
Il d DAJ, d 6 4=, a 6 4= : , J 6 :=½ togl woijo `h tog h`bb`wiln is/drg j`rrgjt 0 (D) Drgd `h jirjufjirjbg 6 4== f (A) Qdcius `h iljirjbg 6 4=
: ‚ 47
(J) A 6 37½ (C) D 6 41=½ Dls.
(DA)
Z`b.
j`sJ 6
: >
d1
a1 j 1 1da
4== :== j 1 1.4=.4 1.4=.4= = :
:== 6 3== ‚ j1 j1 6 4== j 6 4= 6
r6
4 4 4 dasilJ 6 4=.4= : Þ 6 17 : 1 1 1
s
17 : 1 (1= 4= 4= : )
ay silg rubg
a silA
7= : 1= 4= 4= :
7 : 1 :
1 : 1 :
7(1 : :) 4= : 47
j silJ
4= : silA
4= silJ
J 6 :=
Qgs`ldljg G Gcuvgltur gs B Btc. QGN. & J@Q]@QDSG @HHIJG ; JN S`wgr, D-38 D-38 & 71, I]ID, I]ID, Lgdr Jity Fdbb, Kodbdwdr Kodbdwdr Q`dc, E`td (Qdk.) - :13==7 ]o.L`. ; +94->33-:=41111, 88:7777 | S` El`w f`rg ; sfs QGZ@ dt QGZ@ dt 788>> ^gasitg ; www.rgs`ldljg.dj.il | G-fdib ; j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il| | JIL ; W?=:=1QK1==>]BJ=13=19 Sois ss`buti`l w wds c c`wlb`dc h h r`f Q Qgs`ldljg KKGG D DCXDLJGC 1 1=4? Z Z`buti`l p p`rtdb
]DNG # 4
| KGG DCXDLJGC-1=4? | CDSG ; 1= -=7-1=4? | FGF@QY ADZGC | FDSOGFDSIJZ
1Q 6
j silJ
4= 4/ 1
Q 6 4=
Ogljg drgd `h jirjufjirjbg 6 Q1 6 4== 1.
Ih h (x) 6 g(h(x)‚n(x)) n (x) dlc h(4) 6 n(1) 6 4 (D) h(1) < 4 ‚ l1
(A) h(1) 2 4 ‚ l1
(J) n(4) < 4 ‚ l1
(C) n(4) 2 4 ‚ l 1
Dls.
(AJ)
Z`b.
h ' h ' (x) 6 g h(x) ‚n(x) n'(x) ; h(4) 6 n(1) 6 4 g ‚h(x) 6 g ‚n(x) + j g ‚h(x) . h '(x) 6 g ‚n(x) . n'(x)
c(g
h (x)
) c(g n(x) )
g ‚h(x) 6 g ‚n(x) + j x64
4 6 g ‚n(4) + j g
x61
g ‚h(1) 6
n(4) < 4 ‚ l1
4 j g
g ‚h(1) 6 1g ‚4 ‚ g ‚n(4) g ‚h(1) 6 1g ‚4 ‚ g ‚n(4) h(1) 2 4 ‚ l1 g ‚4 ‚ g ‚h(1) 6 g ‚n(4) ‚ g ‚4
g ‚n(4) + g ‚h(1) 6 1g ‚4 g ‚n(4) 2 1g ‚4
‚n(4) 2 l1 ‚ 4 :.
Ih s, r, t ag l`l zgr` j`fpbgx lufagrs dlc z 6 x + iy wogrg sz + t z + r 6 = wogrg z 6 x ‚ iy (D) H`r z t` odvg uliqug s`buti`l |s| |t| (A) ( (J) Ih |s| 6 |t| togl z wibb odvg z wibb odvg ilhilitg s`buti`l (C) Ih z ods f`rg todl `lg s`buti`l togl it wibb odvg ilhilitg s`buti`l
Dls.
(DC)
Z`b.
sz + t z + r 6 =, z 6 x ‚ iy
sz t zr
=
(4) + (1)
(t s )z (s t )z )z (r r ) = (t s )z (s t )z )z (r r ) = H`r uliqug s`buti`l
ts ts
s t s t
Qgs`ldljg G Gcuvgltur gs B Btc. QGN. & J@Q]@QDSG @HHIJG ; JN S`wgr, D-38 D-38 & 71, I]ID, I]ID, Lgdr Jity Fdbb, Kodbdwdr Kodbdwdr Q`dc, E`td (Qdk.) - :13==7 ]o.L`. ; +94->33-:=41111, 88:7777 | S` El`w f`rg ; sfs QGZ@ dt QGZ@ dt 788>> ^gasitg ; www.rgs`ldljg.dj.il | G-fdib ; j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il| | JIL ; W?=:=1QK1==>]BJ=13=19 Sois ss`buti`l w wds c c`wlb`dc h h r`f Q Qgs`ldljg KKGG D DCXDLJGC 1 1=4? Z Z`buti`l p p`rtdb
]DNG # 1
| KGG DCXDLJGC-1=4? | CDSG ; 1= -=7-1=4? | FGF@QY ADZGC | FDSOGFDSIJZ
@l s`bviln tog da`vg gqudti`l wg ngt | t | | s | `pti`l (D) is j`rrgjt
Bilgs `vgrbdp ih
ts ts
s r r s t r r t
tr t r
|t|6|s|
1 tr tr tr
sr s r sr s r t r t r
1s r
sr
| t || || r || s || r | | t | 6 | s | Ih | t | 6 | s |, bilgs wibb ag pdrdbbgb h`r surg aut it fdy l`t ag j`iljicglt
Ogljg `pti`l (j) is wr`ln & (C) is j`rrgjt.
3.
h(t)silx ‚ silt h(x) 6 ‚ dlc bif 6 sil 1 x t x 41 t‚ x 8
Bgt h
6 3 3 1
+ h 6 = 1 1
(D) h
(J) h(x) 2 Dls.
(DAJC)
Z`b.
bif
t x
x3 8
(A) h
‚ x1 h`r x (=, )
(C) h () 6 = h`r dt bgdst `lg (=, )
h(x)si h(x)silt h(t)silx h(t)silx 6 sil1x tx
h(x)j`sx h(x)j`sx h (x)si (x)silx sil sil1 x
6 4
h(x)
‚ c 6 4 silx h(x) 6 x + j silx (D)
h
8 6 ‚ 41
j6=
h(x) 6 ‚ x sil x
h(x) + h (x) 6 ‚ 1 j`s x h
1 + h 1 6 =
(A)
h
3 6 3 1
(J)
h(x) is j`ltilu`us dlc cihhgrgltidabg dlc h(=) 6 h(x) 6 = Wsiln BFXS h (j) 6 = h`r s`fg x (=, )
(C)
n(x) 6 ‚ x sil x + x 1 ‚
x3 8
1x : n(x) 6 h (x) + 1x ‚ :
Qgs`ldljg G Gcuvgltur gs B Btc. QGN. & J@Q]@QDSG @HHIJG ; JN S`wgr, D-38 D-38 & 71, I]ID, I]ID, Lgdr Jity Fdbb, Kodbdwdr Kodbdwdr Q`dc, E`td (Qdk.) - :13==7 ]o.L`. ; +94->33-:=41111, 88:7777 | S` El`w f`rg ; sfs QGZ@ dt QGZ@ dt 788>> ^gasitg ; www.rgs`ldljg.dj.il | G-fdib ; j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il| | JIL ; W?=:=1QK1==>]BJ=13=19 Sois ss`buti`l w wds c c`wlb`dc h h r`f Q Qgs`ldljg KKGG D DCXDLJGC 1 1=4? Z Z`buti`l p p`rtdb
]DNG # :
| KGG DCXDLJGC-1=4? | CDSG ; 1= -=7-1=4? | FGF@QY ADZGC | FDSOGFDSIJZ
n'' (x) 6 h (x) + 1x ‚1x1 n''' (x) 6 : sil x + x j`s x ‚ 3x 6 : (sil x ‚ x) + x (j`sx ‚ 4) n(x) 2 =
h`r x < =
n(x)
n(x) is cgjrgdsiln
2 n(=)
n(x) 2 =
ogljg n(x) is cgjrgdsiln h`r x < =
n(x) 2 n(=)
n(x) 2 =
ogljg n(x) 2 = h`r x < =
n(x) 2 n(=)
Ogljg h(x) 2 7.
Bgt x1 + y1 6
4 1
4 , y1 6 3x odvg 1 j`ff`l tdlnglts. Sogy fggt dt G. Ih @G is sgfi fdk`r dxis `h dl 1 1
, BQ 6 4
(A) Drgd gljb`sgc ay x 6
(J) ( Dls.
n(x) 2 =
x3 ‚ x1 x (=, ) 8
gbbipsg sujo todt fil`r dxis 6 (D) g 6
4 1
t` x 6 4 is
( ‚ 1)
3 1
(C) (
(DA)
Z`b.
4 1
(=,=)
T
Bgt gqudti`l `h j`ff`l tdlnglt is y 6 fx +
4 f 4 f1
==
4 1
4 f
f3 + f1 ‚ 1 6 =
f 6 ´4
Gqudti`l `h j`ff`l tdlnglts drg y 6 x + 4 & y 6 ‚x ‚ 4 p`ilt T is ( ‚4, =)
x1 Gqudti`l `h gbbipsg is 4
(D)
g6
4
4 1
4 1
y1 4/ 1 &
4 BQ 6
1a1 d
4
Qgs`ldljg G Gcuvgltur gs B Btc. QGN. & J@Q]@QDSG @HHIJG ; JN S`wgr, D-38 D-38 & 71, I]ID, I]ID, Lgdr Jity Fdbb, Kodbdwdr Kodbdwdr Q`dc, E`td (Qdk.) - :13==7 ]o.L`. ; +94->33-:=41111, 88:7777 | S` El`w f`rg ; sfs QGZ@ dt QGZ@ dt 788>> ^gasitg ; www.rgs`ldljg.dj.il | G-fdib ; j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il| | JIL ; W?=:=1QK1==>]BJ=13=19 Sois ss`buti`l w wds c c`wlb`dc h h r`f Q Qgs`ldljg KKGG D DCXDLJGC 1 1=4? Z Z`buti`l p p`rtdb
]DNG # 3
| KGG DCXDLJGC-1=4? | CDSG ; 1= -=7-1=4? | FGF@QY ADZGC | FDSOGFDSIJZ
(J) y
x
(4,=)
( ‚4,=) x6
4
4
1.
1
x 4 x1 sil4 x . 4 x cx 6 1 1 1 1 4/
4
Drgd
4
4/ 1
1
1
4 4 1 1 ? 3 3 1 3 3 ?
1
6
j`rrgjt dlswgr drg (D) & (C).
l
8.
Bgt h l(x) 6
tdl
‚4
i4
4 4 ( x i)( x i ‚ 4)
(D) bif sgj1h(=) 6 4
(A) bif tdl1h(=) 6 4/x
l
l
4=
7=
' (=)) sgj1h l(=) 6 77 (J) (4 hl (=))
(C)
l 4
Dls.
(A)
Z`b.
h l (x) 6
l
tdl k 4
wogl l
(x k) tdl4(x k 4) 4)
1
1
k 4
4
, h(x) 6
h (x) 6 77
h l (x) 6 tdl ‚4 (x + l) ‚ tdl ‚4 x
‚ tdl ‚4x 6 j`t ‚4 x. 4
(D)
sgj1 h(x) 6 4 + tdl 1 (j`t ‚4 x) 6 4
(A)
tdl h(x) 6 tdl(j`t ‚4 x) 6
(J)
4 4 4 1 4 4 l1 4 = sgj (tdl l) 6 l 4 4=
x1
4 x 4=
4 4= l 4
x
>.
Nivgl h(x) 6 4 ‚ 1x +
g
x t
h(t)ct , wogrg h(x) is j`ltilu`us huljti`l, togl
=
(D) Drgd `h rgni`l h(x) 2 y 2
4 x1 il hirst qudcrdlt is
(A) (J) h(x) pdssgs tor`uno (1, ‚4) (C) h(x) pdssgs tor`uno (4, 1)
Qgs`ldljg G Gcuvgltur gs B Btc. QGN. & J@Q]@QDSG @HHIJG ; JN S`wgr, D-38 D-38 & 71, I]ID, I]ID, Lgdr Jity Fdbb, Kodbdwdr Kodbdwdr Q`dc, E`td (Qdk.) - :13==7 ]o.L`. ; +94->33-:=41111, 88:7777 | S` El`w f`rg ; sfs QGZ@ dt QGZ@ dt 788>> ^gasitg ; www.rgs`ldljg.dj.il | G-fdib ; j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il| | JIL ; W?=:=1QK1==>]BJ=13=19 Sois ss`buti`l w wds c c`wlb`dc h h r`f Q Qgs`ldljg KKGG D DCXDLJGC 1 1=4? Z Z`buti`l p p`rtdb
]DNG # 7
| KGG DCXDLJGC-1=4? | CDSG ; 1= -=7-1=4? | FGF@QY ADZGC | FDSOGFDSIJZ
Dls.
(J)
Z`b.
h(x) 6 4 ‚ 1x +
x
g
x t
h(t)c h(t)ctt
=
x
h(x) .
g ‚x 6
(4 ‚ 1x).g ‚x
+
g
t
h(t)ct h(t)ct
=
h '(x)g h '(x)g ‚x ‚ g ‚x . h(x) 6 ‚ 1 . g ‚x ‚ (4 ‚ 1x) . g ‚x + g ‚x . h(x)
h '(x) ‚ 1h(x) 6 (1x ‚ :) I.H. 6 g ‚1x y . g ‚1x 6
:). g (1 x :)
1x
I
g ‚1x
II
cx
g1x 1 cx 6 (1x ‚ :) . 1 1 g1x
y.
y.g ‚1x 6
y 6 (4 ‚ x) + j . g 1x
(1 x : ) 4 1
j.g1x
y.
g ‚1x
(1 x :) g 1 x 6 ‚ 1
g1 x 1
j
y 6 (4 ‚ x) + j.g 1x
put x 6 = 464+j
j6=
y 6 4 ‚ x woijo pdssgs tor`uno p`ilt (1, ‚4)
y6
4 x1
y6h(x) L`w rgquirgc drgd 6
4 .(4)1 3
4 1
.4.4
4
3
1
LWFGQIJDB XDBWG typg ZGJSI@L ‚ 1 ; (Fdxifuf Fdres ; 13) ZGJSI@L-1 (Fdxifuf Fdres ; 13) (=?) qugsti`ls. Sog dlswgr t` gdjo qugsti`l is LWFGQIJDB XDBWG. XDBWG . Sois sgjti`l j`ltdils GINOS (=?) qugsti`ls. H`r gdjo qugsti`l, gltgr tog j`rrgjt lufgrijdb vdbug (il cgjifdb l`tdti`l, truljdtgc/r`ulcgc-`hh t` tog sgj`lc cgjifdb pbdjg5 g.n. 8.17, >.==, ‚=.::, ‚=.:=,,:=.1>, ‚41>.:=) usiln tog f`usg dlc tog `l-sjrggl virtudb lufgrij egypdc il tog pbdjg cgsinldtgc t` gltgr tog dlswgr.
qugsti`l wibb ag gvdbudtgc gvdbudtgc djj`rciln t` tog h`bb`wiln h`bb`wiln fdreiln sjogfg ; Dlswgr t` gdjo qugsti`l Hubb Fdres
;
[gr` Fdres ;
?.
+: Ih @LBY tog j`rrgjt j`rrgjt lufgrijdb vdbug is gltgrgc gltgrgc ds dlswgr. = Il dbb `togr jdsgs. jdsgs.
] 6 4, 8, 44, ......., 1=4? tgrfs T 6 9, 48, 1:,......., 1=4? tgrfs togl lufagr `h tgrfs il (] T) is
Dls.
(:>3?)
Qgs`ldljg G Gcuvgltur gs B Btc. QGN. & J@Q]@QDSG @HHIJG ; JN S`wgr, D-38 D-38 & 71, I]ID, I]ID, Lgdr Jity Fdbb, Kodbdwdr Kodbdwdr Q`dc, E`td (Qdk.) - :13==7 ]o.L`. ; +94->33-:=41111, 88:7777 | S` El`w f`rg ; sfs QGZ@ dt QGZ@ dt 788>> ^gasitg ; www.rgs`ldljg.dj.il | G-fdib ; j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il| | JIL ; W?=:=1QK1==>]BJ=13=19 Sois ss`buti`l w wds c c`wlb`dc h h r`f Q Qgs`ldljg KKGG D DCXDLJGC 1 1=4? Z Z`buti`l p p`rtdb
]DNG # 8
| KGG DCXDLJGC-1=4? | CDSG ; 1= -=7-1=4? | FGF@QY ADZGC | FDSOGFDSIJZ
Z`b.
] 6 {4, 8, 44, ..........} T 6 {9, 48, 1:,.........} J`ff`l tgrfs ; 48, 74, ?8 tp 6 48 + (p ‚ 4):7 6 :7p ‚ 49 4==?8 p 1??.> l (] T) 6 l(]) + l (T) ‚ l (] T)
6 1=4? + 1=4? ‚ 1?? 6 :>3? 9.
](=, =), T(4,4), Q(1, =) drg torgg vgrtijgs `h d tridlnbg. Sog drgd fdcg ay tog jurvg y 6 x l wito ]T is :=% `h tog ]TQ. Hilc tog vdbug `h l.
Dls.
(3)
y6x
y
T(4,4)
4
Z`b.
l
4
](=,=)
Q(1,=)
x
4
: 4 (x x )cx 1 4 4= 1 =
l
4
4=.
l 4
4 : 1 4= 4=
4 7
4
xl 4 l4 =
x1 1
l63
: 4=
4 4 : 1 l 4 4=
Juag `h sicg bglnto 4 ulit wito wito j`rlgr dt (=, =, =) il tog hirst `jtdlt. Xgrtgx ], T, Q big `l x, y, z-dxis. dlc Z is jgltrg `h juag dlc S is cirgjtby `pp`sitg t` `rinil. Ih Z] is p , ZT is q , ZQ is r , ZS is t togl hilc |( p Þ q ) Þ ( r Þ t )| 6
Dls.
4 6 =.7 1 (=, 4, =) T S(4, 4, 4)
Z`b. @(=, =, =)
](4, =, =)
Q (=, =, 4)
4 4 4 p`ilt Z , , 1 1 1 p`ilt S(4, 4, 4)
Qgs`ldljg G Gcuvgltur gs B Btc. QGN. & J@Q]@QDSG @HHIJG ; JN S`wgr, D-38 D-38 & 71, I]ID, I]ID, Lgdr Jity Fdbb, Kodbdwdr Kodbdwdr Q`dc, E`td (Qdk.) - :13==7 ]o.L`. ; +94->33-:=41111, 88:7777 | S` El`w f`rg ; sfs QGZ@ dt QGZ@ dt 788>> ^gasitg ; www.rgs`ldljg.dj.il | G-fdib ; j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il| | JIL ; W?=:=1QK1==>]BJ=13=19 Sois ss`buti`l w wds c c`wlb`dc h h r`f Q Qgs`ldljg KKGG D DCXDLJGC 1 1=4? Z Z`buti`l p p`rtdb
]DNG # >
| KGG DCXDLJGC-1=4? | CDSG ; 1= -=7-1=4? | FGF@QY ADZGC | FDSOGFDSIJZ
p Z] q ZT r
ZQ
t
ZS
ˈi ˈk eˈ
1
ˈi ˈk eˈ 1
ˈi ˈk eˈ 1 ˈi ˈk eˈ
1 ˈi
ˈk
eˈ
ˈk
eˈ
4 i ˈk 4 4 4 6 (1 ˈi 1 ˈk ) 3 1 3 4 4 4
p q 4
L`w
ˈi
rt
4
L`w
4 3
4 4 4 6 4
4
ˈi
ˈk eˈ
(p q) (r (r t ) 4
4 =
4 4 = 44.
1ˈi 1ˈk 3
4 3
ˈi ˈk 1
eˈ 1
Hivg stdtgfglts Z4, Z 1, Z :, Z 3, Z 7 drg dbb`ttgc spgjihij sgdts ] 4, ] 1, ] :, ] 3, ] 7 t` sit il tog jbdss. @l tog gxdfildti`l cdy togy drg dbb`ttgc sgdts rdlc`fby. Bgt gvglt G i ag todt Zi dlc Zi + 4 drg l`t dckdjglt togl hilc tog vdbug `h ](G 4 G1 G: G3)
43 6 =.448>) =.448>) 41=
Dls.
(
Z`b.
S`tdb jdssgs 6 7! hdv`rdabg wdys 643
4 : 7
1 3
4 3 1 7
:
1
7 1
1
3
4 .......
1 7 : 43
1! 4
3 :
: 4 7 1 3 : 4 3 1
1
7
: 7 .... .... ....} 1 6 43 ]r`adaibity 6
43 41=
Qgs`ldljg G Gcuvgltur gs B Btc. QGN. & J@Q]@QDSG @HHIJG ; JN S`wgr, D-38 D-38 & 71, I]ID, I]ID, Lgdr Jity Fdbb, Kodbdwdr Kodbdwdr Q`dc, E`td (Qdk.) - :13==7 ]o.L`. ; +94->33-:=41111, 88:7777 | S` El`w f`rg ; sfs QGZ@ dt QGZ@ dt 788>> ^gasitg ; www.rgs`ldljg.dj.il | G-fdib ; j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il| | JIL ; W?=:=1QK1==>]BJ=13=19 Sois ss`buti`l w wds c c`wlb`dc h h r`f Q Qgs`ldljg KKGG D DCXDLJGC 1 1=4? Z Z`buti`l p p`rtdb
]DNG # ?
| KGG DCXDLJGC-1=4? | CDSG ; 1= -=7-1=4? | FGF@QY ADZGC | FDSOGFDSIJZ
41.
]r`adaibity todt `lby Z4 sits il its `rinildb sgdt Z 4 dlc l` `togr drg il togir `rinildb sgdts
Dls.
(
: ) 3=
3! 4
4 4 4 4 4! 1! :! 3! 7!
9 41=
: 3=
Z`b.
]r`adaibity 6
4:.
Ih J 6 x D + y A + D Þ A dlc D . A 6 = wogrg D dlc A drg ulit vgjt`rs. Ih | j | 6 1 ih is tog dlnbg agtwggl agtwggl J dlc D ds wgbb ds J dlc A hilc ?j`s 1
Dls.
(:)
Z`b.
J xD yA D A & D.A D.A = D J AJ J.D J
1
1j`s J.A 1j`s
x 1 y1 | D A |1 6 1(3j`s 1) + 4 ‚ =
3 6 ?j`s1 + 4
43.
x 6 y 6 1j`s
l i4 bif sil x x. i4 l 4
?j`s1 6 :
i x ‚4 1 6 1 ‚ j`s i4 x
l ( x)i i4
x
i4
i
x 1
. Hilc lufagr `h s`buti`ls `h tog
gqudti`l Dls. Z`b.
(4)
i i l l l i4 l x x 4 i Bif sil x x 6 Bif j`s ( x) i4 l 1 i4 l 1 i 4 1 i 4
4
x x 1 x 1 6 x 1 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 1 1 x1 4 x
x1 4 x
x1 1 x x 4 x
x x 4 x 1 x
x1 x 1 x 1 x
x(4 x) (4 x) 4 x
1
6
1x x 1
1 x
3 x1
4 x1 x 1 4 x1 3 x1 x1
‚x3 + 3 + :x1 6 x1 + x + 1 ‚ x3 ‚ x: ‚1x1 x: + 3x1 ‚ x + 1 6 = x: + 3x1 6 x ‚ 1 x1(x + 3) 6 x ‚ 1 L`. Z`b. il ( ‚4, 4) x 6 = s` lufagr `h s`buti`l is 4
Qgs`ldljg G Gcuvgltur gs B Btc. QGN. & J@Q]@QDSG @HHIJG ; JN S`wgr, D-38 D-38 & 71, I]ID, I]ID, Lgdr Jity Fdbb, Kodbdwdr Kodbdwdr Q`dc, E`td (Qdk.) - :13==7 ]o.L`. ; +94->33-:=41111, 88:7777 | S` El`w f`rg ; sfs QGZ@ dt QGZ@ dt 788>> ^gasitg ; www.rgs`ldljg.dj.il | G-fdib ; j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il| | JIL ; W?=:=1QK1==>]BJ=13=19 Sois ss`buti`l w wds c c`wlb`dc h h r`f Q Qgs`ldljg KKGG D DCXDLJGC 1 1=4? Z Z`buti`l p p`rtdb
]DNG # 9
| KGG DCXDLJGC-1=4? | CDSG ; 1= -=7-1=4? | FGF@QY ADZGC | FDSOGFDSIJZ
47.
Bgt sgt _ ods 7 gbgfglts Zgt Y ods > gbgfglts 6 lufagr `h `lg-`lg huljti`l hr`f _ Y 6 lufagr `h `lt` huljti`l hr`f Y _
‚
Hilc
7!
Dls.
(449)
Z`b.
l(_) 6 7 l(Y) 6 > Lufagr `h `lg-`lg huljti`l 6 >J7 Þ 7! 6 14 Þ 41= 6 171= Lufagr `h `lt` huljti`l Y t` _
d4 d1
a4 a1
.
.
.
.
.
.
d>
a7
4, 4, 4, 4, :
4, 4, 4, 1, 1
>! >! Þ 7! + Þ 7! 6 ( >J: + : . >J:) 7! 6 3 Þ >J: Þ 7! : :! 3 ! (1!) :!
7! 48.
6 3 Þ >J: ‚ >J7 6 3 Þ :7 ‚ 14 6 449
Gvdbudtg ; 4 1 b`n1 b`n1 9
((b`n1 9) ) Dls. Z`b.
(?)
(b`n
1
4 1 b`n (b`n 9) 1 1
9)
1 b`n(b`n1 9) 1
(b`n1 9) 4/1
4>.
Þ ( > )
4 b`n b`n3 >
( > )b`n 3 >
.(1) 6 3.1 6 ?
4 :
U(4 U(4 x) (4‚ (4‚ x) V 1
8 4/ 3
cx 6
=
Dls.
(1) 4 1
Z`b.
4 : cx
(4 x) (4 x) =
4 1
=
1
8
4/3
4 : cx 4/3
(4 x)8 (4 x) 8 (4 x) 1
Qgs`ldljg G Gcuvgltur gs B Btc. QGN. & J@Q]@QDSG @HHIJG ; JN S`wgr, D-38 D-38 & 71, I]ID, I]ID, Lgdr Jity Fdbb, Kodbdwdr Kodbdwdr Q`dc, E`td (Qdk.) - :13==7 ]o.L`. ; +94->33-:=41111, 88:7777 | S` El`w f`rg ; sfs QGZ@ dt QGZ@ dt 788>> ^gasitg ; www.rgs`ldljg.dj.il | G-fdib ; j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il| | JIL ; W?=:=1QK1==>]BJ=13=19 Sois ss`buti`l w wds c c`wlb`dc h h r`f Q Qgs`ldljg KKGG D DCXDLJGC 1 1=4? Z Z`buti`l p p`rtdb
]DNG # 4=
| KGG DCXDLJGC-1=4? | CDSG ; 1= -=7-1=4? | FGF@QY ADZGC | FDSOGFDSIJZ
4 x 6 t 4 x
put
4 :
6
4 : ct (4 1t8/ 3
=
4?.
1cx ct (4 x)1
:)
1
1 t
4/:
(4 : )( : 4) 1 4
Bgt x + y 6 : ag pbdlg. ]`ilt ] ods ifdng da`ut pbdlg ds T `l z-dxis. ]`ilt ] ods cistdljg hr`f x-dxis 6 7. Hilc ]Q wogrg Q is ifdng `h ] da`ut x-y pbdlg.
Dls.
(?)
Z`b.
]( ) Q(, , ‚) T
x 4
y 4
z =
1( :) 1
x 6 : ‚ , y 6 : ‚ , z 6 T(: ‚ , : ‚ , : ‚ , ,) `l z ‚dxis 6 :, 6 :
p(:, :, ) cistdljg hr`f x-dxis 9 + 1 6 17 1 6 48
6 3
](:, :, 3)
]Q 6 ?
Q(:, :, ‚3)
49.
H`r d cihhgrgltidabg huljti`l h(=) 6 = dlc Dls.
Z`b.
4 cy 6 , hilc bif h(x) x (7x 1)(7x 1) cx
(=)
4 cy 6 (7x 1)(7x 1) cx
cy 6
4 3
(7x 1)(7x 1) cx (7x 1)(7x 1)
1y 6 l |7x ‚ 1| ‚ bl |7x+1| + j 1=y 6 l
7x 1 7x 1
bif y 6 =
x
1=.
Ih d, a, j, Q dlc
hilc Dls.
: d j`s x + 1 a sil x 6 j ods 1 r``ts dlc il
1 ,1 sujo todt + 6 : ,
a d
(=.7)
Qgs`ldljg G Gcuvgltur gs B Btc. QGN. & J@Q]@QDSG @HHIJG ; JN S`wgr, D-38 D-38 & 71, I]ID, I]ID, Lgdr Jity Fdbb, Kodbdwdr Kodbdwdr Q`dc, E`td (Qdk.) - :13==7 ]o.L`. ; +94->33-:=41111, 88:7777 | S` El`w f`rg ; sfs QGZ@ dt QGZ@ dt 788>> ^gasitg ; www.rgs`ldljg.dj.il | G-fdib ; j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il| | JIL ; W?=:=1QK1==>]BJ=13=19 Sois ss`buti`l w wds c c`wlb`dc h h r`f Q Qgs`ldljg KKGG D DCXDLJGC 1 1=4? Z Z`buti`l p p`rtdb
]DNG # 44
| KGG DCXDLJGC-1=4? | CDSG ; 1= -=7-1=4? | FGF@QY ADZGC | FDSOGFDSIJZ
: d j`s x + 1a sil x 6 j
Z`b.
,
1 , 1
4 t1 x 1t + 1a 6 j wogrg t 6 tdl 4 t1 1 4 t1
:d
: d(4 ‚ a1) + 3at 6 j (4 + t 1) t1 (j +
4
6
4 Z1 d
8
4 1 6 :
Z4 a
:
3a
j :d j :d
_6
6
4 :
4
6
1 4=
14.
:d6=
6
1 tdl
: d) ‚ 3at + j ‚
r(
4=
Jr )1 hilc
r 4
Dls.
(838)
Z`b.
x6
4=
r 4
L`w
x . 43:= 4=
r. 4= Jr . 4=Jr
x 43:=
4= . 9 Jr 4 .4=J4= r 6 4= . 49J9 r 4
4=. 49J9 43:=
49
J9
43:
49
J9
44 4:
6
49.4>.48 6 49 Þ :3 6 838 ?
J`fprgoglsi`l typg ZGJSI@L ‚ : ; (Fdxifuf Fdres ; 41) (=1) pdrdnrdpos. Adsgc `l gdjo pdrdnrdpo, togrg drg S^@ (=1) qugsti`ls. (=1) qugsti`ls. Sois sgjti`l j`ltdils S^@ (=1) pdrdnrdpos. H@WQ `pti`ls. @LBY @LG `h @LG `h togsg h`ur `pti`ls j`rrgsp`lcs t` tog j`rrgjt dlswgr. Gdjo qugsti`l ods H@WQ `pti`ls. j`rrgsp`lciln t` tog j`rrgjt dlswgr. H`r gdjo qugsti`l, jo``sg tog `pti`l j`rrgsp`lciln qugsti`l wibb ag gvdbudtgc gvdbudtgc djj`rciln t` tog h`bb`wiln h`bb`wiln fdreiln sjogfg ; Dlswgr t` gdjo qugsti`l Hubb Fdres
;
+: Ih @LBY tog j`rrgjt `pti`l is jo`sgl.
[gr` Fdres ;
= Ih l`lg `h tog `pti`ls is jo`sgl (i.g. (i.g. tog qugsti`l is uldlswgrgc). uldlswgrgc).
Lgndtivg Fdres ;
‚4 Il dbb `togr jdsgs.
4
Qgs`ldljg G Gcuvgltur gs B Btc. QGN. & J@Q]@QDSG @HHIJG ; JN S`wgr, D-38 D-38 & 71, I]ID, I]ID, Lgdr Jity Fdbb, Kodbdwdr Kodbdwdr Q`dc, E`td (Qdk.) - :13==7 ]o.L`. ; +94->33-:=41111, 88:7777 | S` El`w f`rg ; sfs QGZ@ dt QGZ@ dt 788>> ^gasitg ; www.rgs`ldljg.dj.il | G-fdib ; j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il| | JIL ; W?=:=1QK1==>]BJ=13=19 Sois ss`buti`l w wds c c`wlb`dc h h r`f Q Qgs`ldljg KKGG D DCXDLJGC 1 1=4? Z Z`buti`l p p`rtdb
]DNG # 41
| KGG DCXDLJGC-1=4? | CDSG ; 1= -=7-1=4? | FGF@QY ADZGC | FDSOGFDSIJZ
Fdtjo Bist typg ZGJSI@L ‚ 4 ; (Fdxifuf Fdres ; 41) (=3) qugsti`ls. Sois sgjti`l j`ltdils H@WQ (=3) qugsti`ls. (=1) fdtjoiln bists 5 BIZS-I dlc BIZS-I dlc BIZS-II. BIZS-II . Gdjo qugsti`l ods S^@ (=1) fdtjoiln `pti`ls drg nivgl rgprgsgltiln fdtjoiln `h gbgfglts hr`f BIZS-I dlc BIZS-II. @LBY @LG `h togsg h`ur gdjo qugsti`l, H@WQ `pti`ls jo``sg tog `pti`l, jo``sg tog `pti`l j`rrgsp`lciln t` tog j`rrgjt fdtjoiln. sjogfg ; H`r gdjo qugsti`l, fdre wibb ag dwdrcgc djj`rciln t` tog h`bb`wiln fdreiln sjogfg Hubb Fdres
;
+: Ih @LBY tog `pti`l j`rrgsp`lciln j`rrgsp`lciln t` tog j`rrgjt fdtjoiln is jo`sgl.
[gr` Fdres ;
= Ih l`lg `h tog `pti`ls is jo`sgl (i.g. (i.g. tog qugsti`l is uldlswgrgc). uldlswgrgc).
Lgndtivg Fdres ;
11.
‚4 Il dbb `togr jdsgs.
Sogrg drg 8 a`ys (A4, A1, A:....... A8)dlc 7 nirbs (N 4, N1, N: ........ N7) 4 6 Lufagr `h wdys `h sgbgjtiln d j`ffittgg `h gxdjtby : a `ys dlc 1 nirbs 1 6 Lufagr `h wdys `h sgbgjtiln d j`ffittgg il woijo a`ys dlc nirbs drg gqudb dlc lufagr drg
nrgdtgr todl 1 : 6 Lufagr `h wdys `h sgbgjtiln d j`ffittgg `h 7 odviln dt bgdst 1 nirbs 3 6 Lufagr `h j`ffittgg `h 3 odviln A 4 dlc N7
J`bufl-I
J`bufl-II
(D) 4
(]) 44J7 ‚ 4
(A) 1
(T) :8
(J) :
(Q) 1==
(C) 3
(Z)
Dls. Dls.
(D) T5 (A) ]5 (J) Z5 (C) Q
Z`b.
8 A`ys & 7 nirbs
44J 7
‚ ?4
4 lufagr `h wdys `h sgbgjtiln : a`ys & 1 nirbs 8J: Þ 7J1 6 1== 1 A`ys & nirbs drg gqudb & fgfagrs 1 8J
4 .
7J
4+
8J
1 .
7J
1
+ 8J: . 7J: + 8J3 . 7J3 + 8J7 . 7J7 6 44J7 ‚ 4
: lufagr `h wdys `h sgbgjtiln 7 odviln dt bgdst 1 nirbs
44J 7
‚ 8J7 ‚ 8J3 . 7J4 6 44J7 ‚ ?4
3 j`ffittg `h 3 odviln A 4 & N7 9J
1:.
1 6
:8
Fdtjo tog nivgl j`bufls usiln tog ilh`rfdti`l H`r oypgra`bd
x1 d1
j`lkundtg dxis is
y1
‚
a1
6 4, j`lkundtg dxis suatglcs dlnbg 8=½ dt `lg `h its vgrtgx. Sog bglnto `h its
1
J`bufl-I
J`bufl-II
(D) gjjgltrijity
(])
(A) bglnto `h bdtus rgjtuf
(T)
(J)
(Q)
(C)
(Z)
1 : 1 :
Qgs`ldljg G Gcuvgltur gs B Btc. QGN. & J@Q]@QDSG @HHIJG ; JN S`wgr, D-38 D-38 & 71, I]ID, I]ID, Lgdr Jity Fdbb, Kodbdwdr Kodbdwdr Q`dc, E`td (Qdk.) - :13==7 ]o.L`. ; +94->33-:=41111, 88:7777 | S` El`w f`rg ; sfs QGZ@ dt QGZ@ dt 788>> ^gasitg ; www.rgs`ldljg.dj.il | G-fdib ; j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il| | JIL ; W?=:=1QK1==>]BJ=13=19 Sois ss`buti`l w wds c c`wlb`dc h h r`f Q Qgs`ldljg KKGG D DCXDLJGC 1 1=4? Z Z`buti`l p p`rtdb
]DNG # 4:
| KGG DCXDLJGC-1=4? | CDSG ; 1= -=7-1=4? | FGF@QY ADZGC | FDSOGFDSIJZ
Dls. Dls.
(D) ]5 (A) T
A 4
Z`b.
1 @
D'
:=½
D
: 1
A' d6 a6
g6
: 1 4 1 4
4 1
1
:
1 :
bglnto `h bdtus rgjtuf 6
13.
Z`buti`l sgt `h
x x ‚4
1a1 d
1 :
< = is Z. ] is tog sgt `h vdbugs `h x h`r woijo sil ‚4
h 4 ; Z Q, h 4(x) 6 l
x l is rgdb x ‚ 4
x x ‚ 4
x x ‚ 4
n4 ; ] Q, n4(x) 6 sil ‚4 l
J`bufl-I
J`bufl-II
(D) Qdlng `h n 4(x) is j`ltdilgc il
(]) ‚ ,
(A) Qdlng `h h 4(x) is j`ltdilgc il
(T) ( ‚, =) (=, )
(J) C`fdil `h h 4(x) is j`ltdilgc il
(Q) ( ‚, =)
(C) C`fdil `h n 4(x) is j`ltdilgc il
(Z) ‚ ,
Dls.
((D)
s, (A)
Z`b.
‚4 2 l
q, (J)
q, (C)
g ‚ 4 4
g g ‚ 4, g g ‚ 4,
g g ‚ 4,
g ‚ 4 g
p)
x 4 T x 4
4 g
x
4 g
4
x 4
g
4 x 4
]
g
Qgs`ldljg G Gcuvgltur gs B Btc. QGN. & J@Q]@QDSG @HHIJG ; JN S`wgr, D-38 D-38 & 71, I]ID, I]ID, Lgdr Jity Fdbb, Kodbdwdr Kodbdwdr Q`dc, E`td (Qdk.) - :13==7 ]o.L`. ; +94->33-:=41111, 88:7777 | S` El`w f`rg ; sfs QGZ@ dt QGZ@ dt 788>> ^gasitg ; www.rgs`ldljg.dj.il | G-fdib ; j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il| | JIL ; W?=:=1QK1==>]BJ=13=19 Sois ss`buti`l w wds c c`wlb`dc h h r`f Q Qgs`ldljg KKGG D DCXDLJGC 1 1=4? Z Z`buti`l p p`rtdb
]DNG # 43
| KGG DCXDLJGC-1=4? | CDSG ; 1= -=7-1=4? | FGF@QY ADZGC | FDSOGFDSIJZ
4 4 4 g 4 g x 4
, g 4 , g 4 4 g 4 g , g 4 g 4,
(x ‚ 4) x
Dlswgr is (D) s, (A) q, (J) q, (C) p
Qgs`ldljg G Gcuvgltur gs B Btc. QGN. & J@Q]@QDSG @HHIJG ; JN S`wgr, D-38 D-38 & 71, I]ID, I]ID, Lgdr Jity Fdbb, Kodbdwdr Kodbdwdr Q`dc, E`td (Qdk.) - :13==7 ]o.L`. ; +94->33-:=41111, 88:7777 | S` El`w f`rg ; sfs QGZ@ dt QGZ@ dt 788>> ^gasitg ; www.rgs`ldljg.dj.il | G-fdib ; j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il j`ltdjtMrgs`ldljg.dj.il| | JIL ; W?=:=1QK1==>]BJ=13=19 Sois ss`buti`l w wds c c`wlb`dc h h r`f Q Qgs`ldljg KKGG D DCXDLJGC 1 1=4? Z Z`buti`l p p`rtdb
]DNG # 47