Estimulación y Recuperación Mejorada de Hidrocarburos Con Aplicación de Técnicas Meor.pdf-1118139258

UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA GABRIEL RENE MORENO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS Y TECNOLOGIA

“ACCCION BACTERIANA (ANAEROBICA Y AEROBICA EN LA INDUSTRIA PETROLERA”

TESIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE

INGENIERO PETROLERO PRESENTA

RUBEN RAMOS QUINTANA

ÍNDICE Intr!"##$%n R&'"&n A)'tr*#t L$'t* !& $+,&n&' C*-t"/ I. Intr!"##$%n * MEOR

P+,$n*

1.1 Planta!"nt# $l P%#&l!a ............................................................................................. 1.( )*+t","-a-"n ............................................................................................................................... ................................ ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................................. ....................... 1./ O&0t"# Gn%al ..................... ................................ ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................................. ....................... 1.' O&0t"#+ E+2-3,"-#+..................... 1.4 5"+t#%"a $l A%t $ 6EOR .................................................................................................

' ' ' 4 7

C*-t"/ II. M$#r)$/,* !&/ P&tr%/& (.1 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ E9t%!,"l#+ .............................................................................. 1 (.1.1 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ T%!,"l#+ # 5"2%t%!,"l#+ .......................... 1( .............................. ..................... ..................................... .......................... 1( (.1.( 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ 5al,"l#+ .................... ............................... ..................... ..................... ................................ ...................... 1' (.( R-*2%a-"n $ 5"$%#-a%&*%#+..................... (./ 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ In#l*-%a$#+ n la R-*2%a-"n $ Pt%l# ........ 14 (./.1 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ 6tan8n#+ ......................................................... 14

/./ C#n+"$%a-"n $ Fa-t#%+ I!2#%tant+ n l#+ P%#-+#+ 6EOR .......('  A. P%#2"$a$+ $ l#+ Ya-"!"nt#+ Ya-"!"nt#+.............................................................. (' ............................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............................. .................. (' ". Fa-t#%+ $ F#%!a..................... "". E+t%*-t*%a P#%al.................... .............................. .................... ..................... ..................... .................................... .......................... (4 """. P%!a&"l"$a$........................................................................................... (4 B. Q*3!"-a …………………………………………………………………………(7 ............................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............................ .................. (7 ". Alt%a-" a-"n Ba-t%"al.................... ............................... ..................... ..................... .................... ................................. ....................... (7 "". Laa$# 2#% A8*a..................... ............................... ..................... ............................. .................. (7 """. """. B"#$ B"#$8 8%a %a$a $a-" -"n n $ Pt% Pt%l l# #++..................... ". E!*l+","-a-"#n+...................................................................................... (7 . 6tal+ al+ $l Pt%l %l#.............................................................................. (@ C. 6"-%#&"#l#83a ..................................................................................................... (@ ................................ ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... (@ ". Ba-t%"a In$38na..................... "". F"+"#l#83a $ la Ba-t%"a In$38na &a0# C#n$"-"#n+ $ Ya-"!"nt#..................... ............................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............................. .................. ( """. """. Int Int%a%a--" -"#n #n+ + nt% nt%  la la Ba-t Ba-t%" %"a a In< In<-t -ta$a a$a < la Ba-t%"a In$38na ........................................................................... ( /.' C%"t%"# $ Sl--"n .................................................................................................. (

C*-$t"/ IV. T&#n/,* 0 Pr-"&'t* E#n%$#* '.1 6-an"+!#+ $ 6EOR ............................................................................................. // .............................. .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............................ .................. /' '.( En+a<#+ $ Ca!2# .................... .............................. ............................... ..................... /7 './ An=l"+"+ < P%#2*+ta E-#n!"-a $ 6EOR ....................  A. O&0t"#+..................................................................................................................... /7

'.'.' C%"t%"#+ 2a%a la Sl--"n $ l#+ P##+ ..................................................... '( '.'.4 6t#$#l#83a $l T%ata!"nt# ............................................................................. '( I. V#l*!n $ In<--"n............................................................. '( II. T"!2# $ C"%% # R!#0# $l P##.............................'/ a. Fa+ $ A$a2ta-"n.................................................... '' &. Fa+ $ C%-"!"nt# .................................................. '' -. Fa+ E+ta-"#na%"a....................................................... '' '.'.7 A2%t*%a < P*+ta $ P%#$*--"n $ l#+ P##+ ......................... '4 '.'.@ 6#n"t#%# < An=l"+"+ $l C%*$# ........................................................... '4 '.'. E,-t#+ $ la R-*2%a-"n $ C%*$# R+"$*al ........................'7 '.4 .4 A2l"-a-"n a N"l 6*n$"al ................................................................................. '@

C*-$t"/ V. A-/$#*#$%n T&#n/%,$#* &n M12$# 4.1 A2l"-a-"n $ la In<--"n $ 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ ........................................................ 4 ". P## A8*a F%3a;4@............................................................................... 4( "". P## C#a2-a-a;1........................................................................ 4' """. P## Ta03n;/......................................................................................... 47 4.( Eal*a-"n $ la P%#$*--"n $ l#+ P##+ $ la P%*&a ........................ 4 4./ R+*lta$#+ $ la P%*&a T-n#l8"-a............................................................... 4 4.' Rnta&"l"$a$ $ la In<--"n -#n 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ ...................................7 C#n-l*+"#n+ < R-#!n$a-"#n+.......................................................................................... 7( R,%n-"a+ B"&l"#8%=,"-a+............................................................................................................ 7'  ANEXO 1: Gl#+a%"#

L$'t* !& F$,"r*' C*-t"/ I.

P*,$n*

F"8*%a 1.1 E+t"!*la-"n $ 2##+ 2a%a a*!nta% la 2%#$*-t""$a$ n l
/

C*-t"/ II. F"8*%a (.1 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ E9t%!,"l#+ ............................................................................. 11 F"8*%a (.1.1 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ T%!,"l#+............................................................................. 1( F"8*%a (.1.(a 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ 5al,"l#+ .............................................................................. 1/ F"8*%a (.1.(& La8# On+ n Cal",#%n"a ............................................................................... 1/ F"8*%a (././ G%*2# $ A%*a+ ana%&"-a+ * 2%#$*-n !tan# < la+ &a-t%"a+ %$*-t#%a+............................................................................................................. 17 F"8*%a (./.'a Ba-t%"a+ A%#&"a+ .............................................................................................. 1@ F"8*%a (./.'& Ba-t%"a+ Ana%#&"a+......................................................................................... 1@

C*-t"/ III. F"8*%a /.1 Ya-"!"nt# -#n "n<--"n $ Ba-t%"a+ 2%+ntan$# -a!&"#+ n la+ 2%#2"$a$+ $ l#+ ,l*"$#+ < n l a!&"nt ......................................................... 1 F"8*%a /.1.1 S "l*+t%a la In<--"n $ 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ n l P## ......................(1 F"8*%a /./ P#%#+"$a$ < P%!a&"l"$a$ $ la R#-a ........................................................... (4

F"8*%a 4.4 5"+t#%"a $ 2%#$*--"n $l 2## C#a2-a-a;1 ....................................44 F"8*%a 4.7 E+ta$# !-=n"-# a-t*al 2## Ta03n;/......................................................... 47 F"8*%a 4.@ 5"+t#%"a $ 2%#$*--"n $l 2## Ta03n;/..................................................... 4@ F"8*%a 4. P%#$*--"#n+ $ l#+ 2##+ $ 2%*&aK 7 $3a+ $+2*+ $ la "n<--"n $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ ........................................................................................ 4

L$'t* !& T*)/*' Ta&la 1. Cla+","-a-"n $ 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ E9t%!,"l#+ -#n &a+  n l ,a-t#% a!&"ntal * +#2#%tan ......................................................................................... 11 Ta&la (. P%#$*-t#+ !"-%#&"an#+ < l#+ ,-t#+ * 2%#$*-n n 6EOR ................(( Ta&la /. Ba-t%"a+ "n$38na+ !=+ %2%+ntat"a+ n l#+ 2t%l#+ ........................(@ Ta&la '. C%"t%"#+ $ +l--"n $ &2$? n l#+ P%"#$#+ $ al*a-"n 2#% -a$a 2## ................................................................... 4 Ta&la @. An=l"+"+ -#n!"-# $l t%ata!"nt# -#n !"-%##%8an"+!#+ .........................71 Ta&la . An=l"+"+ -#n!"-# $l t%ata!"nt# -#n !"-%##%8an"+!#+ .........................71

  En l#+ 2%#-+#+ $ %-*2%a-"n t%a$"-"#nalK al%$$#% $l / al ' $l "$%#-a%&*%# + %-*2%a$# < la !a<#%3a $ +t + *$a nt%a!2a$# n l#+ 6EOR?K * 2*$a +% a2l"-a$a n -a!2#. Pa%a ll# + 2%#2#n -#n#-% < *t"l"a% +l-t"a!nt a $"%+#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ a*t-t#n#+ -#n !ta&#l"+!#+ $ "nt%+ * ,a#%-an la+ -#n$"-"#n+ $l -%*$# # &"n $ la %#-a 2%!"t"n$# lla% a -a&# *na 9t%a--"n -#n!"-a < ,"-"nt. 2a%a $+a%%#lla%  "!2l!nta% *na t-n#l#83a $ %-*2%a-"n !0#%a$a $ "$%#-a%&*%#+ 2#% 3a !"-%#&"ana >6EOR 2#% +*+ +"8la+ n "n8l+? -#n+"+t $ la+ +"8*"nt+ ta2a+: a? -a%a-t%"a-"n < -*lt"# $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ 9t%!#+ a%#&"#+ < ana%#&"#+ 2%#n"nt+ $l $"%"8"% la+ %*ta+ !ta&l"-a+ $ "nt%+?.

nM-l#+ n -#ntn$#%+ +t%"l+ -#n at!+,%a l"&% $ #938n# 2%#n"nt+ $ *na ,#%!a-"n 8#l8"-a n Ca%#l"na $l S*% EUA >6#na+"%+1@? !n-"#nan * l #938n# !#l-*la%K la t!2%at*%a < +al"n"$a$ +#n l#+ 2%"n-"2al+ ,a-t#%+ * 2*$n a,-ta% l $+a%%#ll# !"-%#&"an# n %*!#lK 1?. La !ana-"n $ 8a++ >C5 'K 5(S? -a%a-t%3+t"-#+ $ !ta&#l"+!# !"-%#&"an#K $l "nt%"#% a-"a l 9t%"#% $ la t"%%a + #t%# ,a-t#% * 2%!"t 2%+*!"% la 9"+tn-"a $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ n !"-%#a!&"nt+ $l +*&+*l#.

PERFIL E-#+"+t!a+ -#n -a%a-t%3+t"-a+ 9t%!a+ >a*t-t#n#+? -#n +t%at8"a+ a$a2tat"a+ 2a%t"-*la%+ < -a2a-"$a$ $ 2%#$*-"% !ta&#l"t#+ >+*%,a-tant+K +#lnt+ < 8a++?K l#+ -*al+ ,a#%-n l $+2laa!"nt# in situ $ "$%#-a%&*%#+ !0#%an$# -#n ll# +* %-*2%a-"n. Ent#n-+ l ,*n$a!nt# $l 2%#-+# -#n+"+t n 2#tn-"a% $ ,#%!a +l-t"a la a-t""$a$ !"-%#&"ana $ "nt%+.

L#+ 92%"!nt#+ + llan a -a&# -#n+"$%an$# la &"#+t"!*la-"n < &"#a*!nta-"n. L#+ 2a%=!t%#+ $ %+2*+ta +#n: -%-"!"nt# !"-%#&"an#K 2%#$*--"n $ a8nt+ tn+#a-t"#+ < 8a++ >.8K N (K CO(?K %-*2%a-"n $l a-"tK nt% #t%a+. Modelación y simulación  $l -#!2#%ta!"nt# n
%+*lta$#+. En la ,"8*%a 1 + !*+t%a *n +*!a $ la+ ta2a+ * -#n+"$%a *n 2%#<-t# $ %-*2%a-"n !0#%a$a $ "$%#-a%&*%#+. CARACTERIZACI N FISICOQU MICA DE YACIMIENTOS

Mue)tra) .re)erva,a) "a*ua co!*-!ita' a*ua ,e i!yecci!' aceite+ .rove!ie!te) ,e lo) yaci&ie!to) ,e i!ter-)

Cultivo y caracterizaci! "#io$u%&ica' &icro y (i)iolo*ica+ ,e &icroor*a!i&o)

DNA Total

Cua!ti(icaci! ,e &eta#olito) ,e i!ter-)

Ce.a) e2tre&o(ila) IM0

0rue#a) #ioe)ti&ulaci! in situ e! !1cleo 0rue#a) e! !1cleo) ,e veloci,a, ,e creci&ie!to y (or&aci! ,e .el%cula)

Mo,elo) Mate&/tico)

<. E't"!$ !& 0*#$$&nt' -&tr/&r' &!$*nt& /* &#/,* $#r)$*n*. La a2l"-a-"n 2%=-t"-a $ -*lt"#+ !"-%#&"an#+ n l#+
R+*!n El 2%+nt +t*$"# n8l#&a la+ -a%a-t%3+t"-a+ $l 2%#-+# $ %-*2%a-"n $ 5-+ 2+a$#+K * !2lan !"-%##%8an"+!#+ < +*+ 2%#$*-t#+ !ta&l"-#+ 2a%a la +t"!*la-"n $ la 2%#$*--"n $l 2t%l# %+"$*al * 2%!an- n l#+
consiste en una introduccion de microoganismos seleccionados en el reservorio, estimulacion y transporte de los productos metabolicos generados in situ, para obtener una reduccion del petroleo residual en el reservorio. Esta tecnica comienza en el año !"# y $a sido recibida con interes en la industria petrolera alrededor del mundo, por el bajo costo en el proceso de recuperacion, %ue puede competir con el costo actual del petroleo. Este documento e&presa la tecnologia detras del punto de vista de un ingeniero petrolero. ' menudo muc$as compañias estan $aciendo pruebas de estimulacion en pozos con esta tecnica, en dierentes reservorios, en el mundo tales como 'rica occidental, el *orte de 'las+a, ur Este de 'sia y en la -ona *orte de eracruz, Me&ico. /a baja viscocidad y el incremento en la produccion de petroleo muestra %ue la tecnica de recuperacion mejorada de petroleo (MEOR) $a sido utilizada con e&ito en algunos lugares, ademas de presentar otro eno%ue para ser considerada una propuesta en la recuperacion de petroleo.

C*-t"/ II. MARCO TEORICO M$#r)$/,* !&/ P&tr%/& La !"-%#&"#l#83a $l 2t%l#K $& +% $,"n"$a -#!# l +t*$"# $ la $"+t%"&*-"n $ &a-t%"a+ "n$38na+K +* ,"+"#l#83a n -#n$"-"#n+ $
La -#n-nt%a-"n $ NaCL + n-*nt%a 2#% n-"!a $l 1 < -#n+t"t*< l  $ l#+ +l"$#+ 2%+nt+ n la+ +al!*%a+. S an %2#%ta$# a%"a+ &a-t%"a+ * -%-n a alta+ -#n-nt%a-"#n+ $ NaCL >/(K "2%al,"ta+? >Vnt#+a < N"t#K 1?K l#+ al#%+ $ +al"n"$a$ a%3an $2n$"n$# $l #%"8n -#nt"nntal # !a%"n# $ l#+ 5-+. L#+ al#%+ $ 25 n l#+ 6a8#t t al.K (?. Ot%#+ ,a-t#%+ a -#n+"$%a% n la !"-%#&"#l#83a $l +*&+*l# +#n: l #938n# !#l-*la%K t"2# $ ,#%!a-"n 8#l8"-a < ta!aJ# $ 2#%# $ la %#-a 2#% +% *na +*2%,"-" n -#nta-t# 2a%a la 2%#l",%a-"n $ &"#!a+a # $"-# $ #t%a !an%a l -%-"!"nt# < %2%#$*--"n $ l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+. Va%"a+ "n+t"8a-"#n+ an $!#+t%a$# la 2%+n-"a $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ n 1@?K %2#%t la #&tn-"n $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ n !*+t%a+ -#n at!+,%a l"&% $ #938n#K 2%#n"nt+ $ ,#%!a-"#n+ 8#l8"-a+ -#n 2%#,*n$"$a$+ $+$ 4! a+ta ( ! < t!2%at*%a $ @4C n Ca%#l"na $l S*% EUA. S a #&+%a$# * la !a<#%3a $ l#+ a!&"nt+ $l +*&+*l# 2#+n -#!*n"$a$+ -#l8"-a+ -l3!a9K -*5a%< t alK.1@?. P%+ntan -a%a-t%3+t"-a+ ,"+"#l8"-a+ < %2%#$*-t"a+K * l+ an 2%!"t"$# +#&%""% < $"+2%+a%+ &a0# -#n$"-"#n+ tan 9t%!a+ -#!# la+ $l +*&+*l#.

#%8an"+!#+ + -la+","-an n ,*n-"n $l 2a%=!t%# a!&"ntal al -*al +t=n a$a2ta$#+. En la Ta&la 1K + !*+t%a la -la+","-a-"n $ l#+ 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ E9t%!,"l#+ %la-"#n=n$#l#+ -#n l ,a-t#% a!&"ntal * +#2#%tan < n la ,"8*%a (.1 + !*+t%an l#+ 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ E9t%!,"l#+.

Ta&la 1. Cla+","-a-"n $ 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ E9t%!,"l#+ -#n &a+ n l ,a-t#% a!&"ntal * +#2#%tan

7.4.4 M$#rr,*n$'' T&r%:$/'  H$-&rt&r%:$/' L#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ t%!,"l#+ t"nn t!2%at*%a+ !=9"!a+ $ -%-"!"nt# nt% 7 <  C 2%tn-n a $",%nt+ 8%*2#+ 2%#-a%"t"-#+K "n-l*<n$# a la+ -"an#&a-t%"a+K &a-t%"a+ ,#t#+"ntt"-a+K &a-t%"a+ $l 8n%# Ba-"ll*+ < Cl#+t%"$"*!K &a-t%"a+ =-"$#;l=-t"-a+K 6<-#2la+!aK P+*$#!#na+ < A-t"n#!<-+. La !a<#%3a $ l#+ +t*$"#+ $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ t%!,"l#+ + an -nt%a$# n l 8n%# Ba-"ll*+K !ta&l"-a!ntK 8%an 2a%t $ l#+ t%!,"l#+ +#n *"!"##%8an#t%t%#,#+K *t"l"an $",%nt+ ,*nt+ $ -a%&#n#: aM-a%+K 22t#na+K al8*na+ -2a+ +#n $8%a$a$#%a+ $ 2#l3!%#+ -#!# la -l*l#+a < $ "$%#-a%&*%#+ >5&%tK 17 La-
F"8*%a (.1.(a 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ 5al,"l#+

7.7 R&#"-&r*#$%n !& H$!r#*r)"r' En l t%an+-*%+# $l t"!2# < $&"$# a la -#n+tant $!an$a $ n%8t"-#+K l#+ Ba&a$8l"K (@? < la 2%+"n $"+!"n*< 2#-# a 2#-# a+ta ll8a% a +% "n+*,"-"nt >5allK t al.K (/?. La +-a+a %-*2%a-"n $ 2t%l# n l#+
•

•

•

Ba0a 2%!a&"l"$a$ $ l#+ !"+!#+.  Alta "+-#+"$a$ $l 2t%l# < 2#% l# tant# &a0a !#"l"$a$ $l 2t%l#.  Alta+ tn+"#n+ "nt%,a-"al+ nt% l a8*a < l 2t%l#.  Alta+ ,*%a+ $ -a2"la%"$a$>B*&laK 1@?

E9"+tn !t#$#+ $ %-*2%a-"n +-*n$a%"a # a+"+t"$a EOR >Enan-$ O"l R-#%5*&%t < V##%$#*.K (@?. D&"$# a * la+ t-n"-a+ +-*n$a%"a+ t"nn *n l3!"t n +* a2l"-a-"nK + " l $ ll $ t l#83 "t 0# l# $

7.; M$#rr,*n$'' In8/"#r*!' &n /* R&#"-&r*#$%n !& P&tr%/& El +t*$"# $ l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ + a -#n-nt%a$# n la *t"l"$a$ $ +* a-t""$a$ !ta&l"-aK -*<# 2#tn-"al 2%!"t %+#l% l#+ 2%#&l!a+ +*%8"$#+ $*%ant la 9t%a--"n $l 2t%l#. A 2+a% $ ll#K l -#n#-"!"nt# $ la+ -#!*n"$a$+ !"-%#&"ana+ $ -a!2#+ 2t%#l%#+ + !*< +-a+# $&"$# a * + 2n+a&a * la t!2%at*%a < la +al"n"$a$ %an la$a+ 2a%a 2%!"t"% la 9"+tn-"a $ %$a$%#+ +"+t!a+ !"-%#&"an#+ >6-Inn%< < S*&lttK 1@?. S"n !&a%8# n al8*n#+ Sttt t alK 1/ V#%$#* t al.K 17?K nt% ll#+ !tan8n#+K ,%!nta$#%+K %$*-t#%+ $ n"t%at# < &a-t%"a+ a%#&"a+ tant# a*t#t%,"-a+ -#!# t%#t%,"-a+. Q* -*!2ln -#n -#n$"-"#n+ $ "$a 9t%!a+ "$al+ 2a%a *t"l"a%l#+ 2#% +* -a2a-"$a$ $ 2%#$*-"%  $"%+#+ !ta&#l"t#+.

7.;.4 M$#rr,*n$'' M&t*n%,&n' L#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ !tan8n#+ -#n+t"t*<n *n# $ l#+ 8%*2#+ +t*$"a$#+ n Bl
7.;.7 M$#rr,*n$'' F&r&nt*!r&'

7.;.; M$#rr,*n$'' N$tr*t R&!"#tr&' E+t#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ ta!&"n +t=n 2%+nt+ n l#+ A$"n+ t al.K 1( Na"na t al.K 1/ V##%$#* t al.K 17 Tlan8 t al.K 1@ G%t t al.K ( 5"t!an t al.K (' B#n"lla;Sal"na+ t al.K ('?. En la ,"8*%a (././ + !*+t%an la+ &a-t%"a+ 2%#$*-t#%a+ $ !tan# < la+ &a-t%"a+ %$*-t#%a+. F"8*%a (././ G%*2# $ A%*a+ ana%&"-a+ * 2%#$*-n !tan# >%#0#? < la+ &a-t%"a+ %$*-t#%a+ >%$?. E+t 8%*2# $ -l*la+ a +"$# !a%-a$# -#!# $#+ +#n$a+ $ ARN %"&#+#!alK la+ -*al+ + a+#-"an a $#+ 8%*2#+ +2-3,"-#+ $ !#l-*la+ ,l*#%+-nt+ < al a+#-"a%+ al ARN a2a%-n -#!# $",%nt+ -#l#%+ -*an$# + n -#n *n !"-%#+-#2"# +2-"al

7.;.< B*#t&r$*' A&r)$*' 0 M$#r*&r%:$/*' En +t#+ -#+"+t!a+ 2%$#!"nan la+ -#n$"-"#n+ ana%#&"a+ < n la !a<#%3a $ l#+ +t*$"#+ %al"a$#+ + #&+%a la 2%+n-"a $#!"nant $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+

F"8*%a (./.'a Ba-t%"a+ A%#&"a+

C*-t"/ III. Pr#&'' &n /* R&#"-&r*#$%n V* M$#r)$*n* La t-n#l#83a 6EOR "n#l*-%a l *+# $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ 2%+nt+ n l#+ Y#n&aB*%-,"l$ < Ca%%#llK 1?. En la ,"8*%a /.1 + !*+t%a *n
L#+ 2%#-+#+ &"#l8"-#+ n l#+ L"$+< < Z"%"ttK 1@? $+$ la $-a$a $ l#+ + + a a2l"-a$# $ !an%a ,"-"nt n $",%nt+ -a!2#+ a n"l !*n$"al. D#n$ $ !an%a -#nt"n*a + a "ntnta$# !#+t%a% * la "n<--"n $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ # +*+ !ta&#l"t#+ ,a-"l"tan la 9t%a--"n $ -%*$#. S an -# 2%*&a+ !"-%#&"ana+ 2"l#t# n la&#%at#%"# < n -a!2# 2#% $",%nt+ 8%*2#+ a n"l !*n$"alK l#+ -*al+ an a%%#0a$# %+*lta$#+ 2#+"t"#+K n $#n$ + an #&tn"$# 2#%-nta0+ "!2#%tant+ $ %-*2%a-"n.  Al8*na+ a2l"-a-"#n+ $ -a!2# + an %al"a$# n 2a3++ -#!#: E+ta$#+ Un"$#+ >Va$" < St2n+K 17 5"t!an t al.K ('?K A%8nt"na >6a*% t al.K 1?K Vn*la >L"$+< < Z"%"ttK 1@?K C"na >Zan8 t al.K 1 Na8a+ t al.K (1?K UAE > Z%" t al.K 1 Z%" < Al;an&a+"K (?KR*!an"a >Laa%K 1(?K R*+"a >5"t!anK 1(?K P%M>6a*% t al.K (4?. En la !a<#%3a $ l#+ -a+#+ %2#%ta$#+ l 2#%-nta0 $ %-*2%a-"n ,* alnta$#%K l#8%an$# *n a*!nt# $l 1/ al 74.  A$!=+ $ !0#%a% la 2%#$*--"n $l 2t%l#K al8*n#+ 2%#<-t#+ 2%!"t"%#n $"+!"n*"% la 2%#$*--"n $ a8*a n l 2##. Tn"n$# -"nt#+ $ 2%*&a+ $ la t-n"-a < l#+ 9"t#+ %lat"#+ #&tn"$#+K + 2*$ +Jala% * +t 2%#-+# ,a-"l"ta la %-*2%a-"n $l -%*$# -#!2"t"n$# -#n nta0a+ $ -#+t# < ,"-"n-"a -#n #t%#+ 2%#-+#+ $ %-*2%a-"n $ 2t%l# >6-In%n< t al.K (4 #al+" t al.K (7 5*&%t < V##%$#*K (@ Y#*++, t al.K (@?. S"n !&a%8#K -a$a  + n-+a%"#  "n$"+2n+a&lK -#nta%  -#n t-n"-a+ -#n!"-a+ 2a%a a*!nta% la %-*2%a-"n $l a-"t < n al8*n#+ -a+#+ la %a-t"a-"n $ 2##+ -%%a$#+ *
;.4 E'tr*t&,$*' !& /* R&#"-&r*#$%n M&6r*!* V* M$#r)$*n* La a2l"-a-"n -#n+"+t n: 1. In$*-"% +l-t"a!nt l -%-"!"nt# < la a-t""$a$ !ta&l"-a $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ >9t%!,"l#+ # n#? "n$38na+ 2%+nt+ n l#+ B*&laK 1@ Cla% t al.K 1 Ba"l< t al.K (1?. En la ,"8*%a /.1.1+ "l*+t%a la In<--"n $ 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ n l P##.

1. Gn%a-"n $ 8a++ * "n-%!ntan la 2%+"n $l
Ga++

E:&#t R2%+*%"a-"#n $l
M$#rr,*n$'

Clostridium acetobutylicum. &Enterobacter aerogenes. &Met!anobacterium sp.

In-%!ntan la 2#%#+"$a$ n la+ %#-a+. S#lnt+ < =-"$#+

P#l3!%#+

P%#$*-n CO( al %a--"#na% -#n -a%&#nat#+

!"n%al+.

Cl#+t%"$"*! +22. Ent%#&a-t% a%#8n+.

C#nt%#l $ !#&"l"$a$. Ta2#na!"nt# +l-t"# < n# +l-t"#.

Ba-"ll*+ 2#l
;.7.4 B$,+' La a-t""$a$ !ta&l"-a $ l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ n -#n$"-"#n+ $ 5"t!an t al.K (' )"n,n8 t al.K (4?.

;.7.7 B$'/8&nt&' L#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ 2%#$*-n al-##l+K -t#na+ < =-"$#+ #%8=n"-#+K * t"nn ,-t#+ -#!#: $"+#l*-"n $ -a%&#nat#+ $ la %#-a !a$%K "n-%!nt# $ la 2%!a&"l"$a$ $l Ba"l< t al.K (1?.

;.7.; B$-/$&r' L#+ &"#2#l3!%#+ +#n -#!2*+t#+ 2%#$*-"$#+ 9t%a-l*la%!nt 2#%  !"-%##%8an"+!#+. En +ta t-n"-aK la a$"-"n $ &"#2#l3!%#+ !0#%a la ,"-"n-"a $ !#"!"nt# < l#+ 2%#-+#+ $ $+2laa!"nt# 2#% "n-%!nt# $ la "+-#+"$a$ $ la ,a+ a-*#+aK B%
;.7.< B$'"r:*#t*nt&' E+t#+ a8nt+ tn+#a-t"#+ %$*-n la tn+"n "nt%,a-"al a8*aHa-"tK ta!&"n

t%a+ $l +*!"n"+t%# +l-t"# $ n*t%"nt+ * ,a#%-an l $+a%%#ll# $ *na 2#&la-"n +#&% #t%a. Dat#+ n 5"t!an ('?. La+ -#n$"-"#n+ $ l#+ a%%"&a $ /?K la t!2%at*%a >a%%"&a $ @4C?K la &a0a 2%!a&"l"$a$ >@4!D?K l 25K la 2#%#+"$a$ >!=9"!a $ 1'?K la+ -#n$"-"#n+ $l 2## < la $"+2#n"&"l"$a$ $ n*t%"nt+K 2*$n %+t%"n8"% +t#+ 2%#-+#+. A+3 la a2l"-a-"n $ +t t"2# $ t-n#l#83a+ %*"% $ *n +t*$"# $ la ,a-t"&"l"$a$ $l *+# $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ 2a%a lla% a -a&# la %-*2%a-"n $l 2t%l#.

;.; Cn'$!&r*#$%n !& F*#tr&' I-rt*nt&' &n /' Pr#&'' MEOR En la+ a2l"-a-"#n+ "n$*+t%"al+ $ 6EOR + $&n -#n+"$%a% !*-#+ ,a-t#%+ -la+. Ent% ll#+ +t=n la+ 2%#2"$a$+ 2t%#,3+"-a+ $l
Fa-t#%+ $ F#%!a

La $n+"$a$ < 2#%#+"$a$ $ !at%"al+ 8%an*la$#+ -#!2a-ta$#+ +t=n 8n%al!nt %la-"#na$a+ -#n la !#%,#l#83a < la #%"nta-"n $ la+ 2a%t3-*la+ $nt%# $l !at%"al. T#$a+ la+ 2a%t3-*la+ 2*$n +ta% $""$"$a+ n -la++ 2#% +*

"".

E+t%*-t*%a P#%al

La 2#%#+"$a$ $l
P%!a&"l"$a$

Un
B. Q*3!"-a  A-t*al!nt + -#n#-n !-an"+!#+ * !#$","-an la+ -a%a-t%3+t"-a+ *3!"-a+ $l 2t%l#K l#+ !=+ "!2#%tant+ +#n la alt%a-"n &a-t%"alK l laa$# 2#% a8*aK la &"#$8%a$a-"n < la !*l+","-a-"n. La !#$","-a-"n 2#% &a-t%"a+K "!2l"-a * l *3!"-# + -a!&"a$# !$"ant a-t""$a$ &"#l8"-aK a tal 2*nt# * + t%an+,#%!a n *n *3!"-# !=+ +"!2l # !=+ -#!2l0#. ".

Alt%a-"n Ba-t%"al

En 17 + 2*&l"- l 2%"!% "n,#%! * %2#%ta&a alt%a-"n $l 2t%l#. Ba-t%"a+ "nt%#$*-"$a+ n 2t%l# -#n a8*a !t%"-a %"-a n #938n#K *+a&an l #938n# $"+*lt# 2a%a !ta&#l"a% -"%t#+ -#!2#nnt+ $l 2t%l#. Ba0# -#n$"-"#n+ ana%&"-a+K l +*2l!nt# $ #938n# 2a%a !antn% la -a"$a$ &a-t%"al 2*$ $%"a%+ $ l#+ "#n+ $ +*l,at# $"+*lt#+. A 2+a% $ ll#K l 2a+# $ "n"-"a-"n n la #9"$a-"n &"#l8"-a $ *n "$%#-a%&*%# $& +% *na %a--"n a%&"-a %*"%"n$# #938n# !#l-*la%. Una  * l #938n# 2nt% n la +t%*-t*%a $l "$%#-a%&*%#K 2#+t%"#%+ %a--"#n+ ana%&"-a+ 2*$n !#$","-a%  la !#l-*la #9"$a$a. "".

Laa$# 2#% A8*a

El laa$# 2#% a8*a -a!&"a la -#!2#+"-"n $ l#+ 2t%l#+ n l#+
.

6tal+ $l Pt%l#

L#+ -#!2*+t#+ #%8an#!t=l"-#+ < l#+ !tal+ 2+a$#+ 2%+nt+ n l 2t%l# an 2%#&a$# tn% la -a%a-t%3+t"-a $ 2#+% +*2%,"-"+ a-t"a+ $+$ l 2*nt# $ "+ta *3!"-#. E+ta 2%#2"$a$ -#n$*- a la ,#%!a-"n $ !!&%ana+ %38"$a+ * at%an l#+ -#!2#nnt+ 2#la%+ $l 2t%l#K 2%!"t"n$# la ,#%!a-"n $ -#!2l0#+ !=+ +ta&l+. C. 6"-%#&"#l#83a E+ la -"n-"a n-a%8a$a $l +t*$"# $ l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+K la -*al %al"a l +t*$"# $ l#+ #%8an"+!#+ !"-%#+-2"-#+. La 2ala&%a !"-%#&"#l#83a $%"a $ / 2ala&%a+ 8%"8a+: !"%#+ >2*J#?K &"#+ >"$a? < l#8#+ >-"n-"a? * -#n0*nta!nt +#n l +t*$"# $ la "$a !"-%#+-2"-a. ".

Ba-t%"a In$38na

El -#n#-"!"nt# $ la $"+t%"&*-"n $ la+ &a-t%"a+ "n$38na+ + "!2#%tant 2a%a $"+Ja% *n 2%#-+# 9"t#+# $ 6EOR. Dnt%# $ l#+ -%*$#+ + 2#+"&l n-#nt%a% la +"8*"nt a%"$a$ $ +2-"+ $ &a-t%"a+ "n$38na+. La ta&la / !*+t%a la+ &a-t%"a+ "n$38na+ !=+ %2%+ntat"a+ n l#+ 2t%l#+. BACTERIA

Sulfato!

DESCRIPCIÓN

TIPOS

Este tipo de bacteria es la más encontrada en los petróleos. La distribución y actividad de esta bacteria indígena varía con las condiciones y caudal con "ue el agua se in#ltra en el Spirillum, Desulfuricans, icrospira yacimiento. aestauri, 'ibrio  $ambi%n con conocidas como &eterótrofas

sp

propiedades de ser ácido, solvente y productor de gas.

Ta&la /. Ba-t%"a+ "n$38na+ !=+ %2%+ntat"a+ n l#+ 2t%l#+

"".

F"+"#l#83a $ la Ba-t%"a In$38na &a0# C#n$"-"#n+ $ Ya-"!"nt#

La+ &a-t%"a+ $&n +ta% 2#+"&"l"ta$a+ $ -%-% &a0# -#n$"-"#n+ 2%+nt+ n la+ ,#%!a-"#n+ l8"$a+ 2a%a !0#%a% la %-*2%a-"n $ 5-+. nt% +ta+ -#n$"-"#n+ + n-*nt%an: P#tn-"al R$#9K 25K Sal"n"$a$K T!2%at*%aK P%+"nK N*t%"nt+ < 6at%" $ %#-a. """.

Int%a--"#n+ nt% la Ba-t%"a In<-ta$a < la Ba-t%"a In$38na

La "nt%a--"n nt% la+ &a-t%"a+ "n<-ta$a+ < la+ "n$38na+K + $",3-"l $ al*a%  2%# $& +% %al"a$a +" + 2lana "n<-ta% &a-t%"a+ al
;.< CRITERIO DE SELECCI@N Pa%a lla% a -a&# *na !0#% a2l"-a-"n $ la t-n"-aK a< $",%nt+ -#n+"$%a-"#n+ * + $&n t#!a% n -*nta. S !*+t%a la ta&la ' -#n l#+ -%"t%"#+ $ +l--"n $
C*-t"/ III. DIAGNOSTICO Intr!"##$%n * MEOR Pa%a * n*+t%# 2a3+ 2*$a %+#l% la $!an$a n%8t"-a + "n$"+2n+a&l $+a%%#lla%  "!2l!nta% t-n#l#83a+ * +an t-n"-a < -#n!"-a!nt ,"-"nt+ 2a%a !antn% # a*!nta% la 2%#$*--"n $ a-"t $ l#+ PE6EX? * $l 1 $ a-"t * + n-*nt%a n l#+ IP?K !"n"!"a% l $aJ#>S?K -a!&"a% 2%#2"$a$+ -#!# P#%#+"$a$ >? < P%!a&"l"$a$ >?K l 9"t# $2n$ $ la+ -#n$"-"#n+ n * + n-*nt%n +t#+K l# * #&l"8a a -#n#-% -#n 2%-"+"n l#+ 2a%=!t%#+ * -#nt%#lan la 2%#$*--"n ant+ $ $-"$"% +" + -#nn"nt # n# %al"a% *na +t"!*la-"n # *na %-*2%a-"n. C*an$# la n%83a nat*%al $l
F"8*%a 1.1 E+t"!*la-"n $ 2##+ 2a%a a*!nta% la 2%#$*-t""$a$ n l
La "n$*+t%"a $!an$a n*a+ < $"%+a+ t-n#l#83a+ 2a%a $,"n"% 2%#-+#+ $ %-*2%a-"n %-*2%a-"n * 2%!"tan 2%!"tan !a9"!"a% !a9"!"a% la 2%#$*--"n 2%#$*--"n $ a-"t a-"t n l#+
4.4 P/*nt&*$&nt !&/ Pr)/&* (SITUACION PROBLEMA?  A*!nta% la 2%#$*--"n $ "$%#-a%&*%#+ n l 2a3+K 9"8 a la+ !2%+a+ la &M+*$a  "n+t"8a-"n $ t-n"-a+ * 2%!"tan *na !a<#% %-*2%a-"n $ a-"t n l#+  .(8%H-! / <  1. 8%H-! /? G%a$a$+ API nt% 1 < ((./API?K * n l !#!nt# $ 9t%a%l# $a $",%nt+ t"2#+ $ 2%#&l!a+. La %-*2%a-"n !0#%a$a $ "$%#-a%&*%#+ 3a Microbi bial al En!a En!ance nced d Oil Oil "ecov "ecovery ery #MEO #MEO"$%  "$% K + *n -an !"-%# !"-%#&" &"an ana a WMicro -an$"$at $at# "!2#%tant 2a%a +#l*-"#na% la 2%#&l!=t"-aK t-n"-a * "n "n-*%+"#nan$# $ !an%a ,*%t -#!# *na #2-"n !=+ a!"8a&l 2a%a l !"+!# a!&"ntK tant# n la+ -a%a-t%3+t"-a+ * 2%+nta -#!# n +* a2l"-a-"nK
4.7 "'t$:$#*#$%n 5#< n $3aK l#+
4.< O)6&t$8' E'-&#:$#' •

6#+t%a% *n 2an#%a!a t-n#l8"-# a n"l na-"#nal $l $+a%%#ll# $ 6EOR < $ +* a2l"-a-"n n
 A 8%an$+ %a+8#+ + 2*$ 2lana% *n aan- t-n#l8"-# "!2#%tant "!2#%tant 2a%a 69"-#K -#n +t +"+t!a $ %-*2%a-"n !0#%a$a 2#%* + a +t*$"a$# * la !=9"!a t!2%at*%a a la * + 2*$n %2%#$*-"% l#+ #%8an"+!#+ +#n a t!2%at*%a+ * an $ 1/;14 CK 2a+an$# +t#+ l3!"t+ l#+ #%8an"+!#+ +%3an *ln%a&l+. A+3 2*+K + t"n $at#+ $ * la t!2%at*%a 2%#!$"# $ l#+
•

Tn% -#n#-"!"nt# $ * l !an0# $l a-"tK -#!# %-*%+# n%8t"-# n l !%!%-a$# a$# !*n$ !*n$"a "alKlK !#t" !#t"a a a %al" %al"a a%% +t*$ +t*$"# "#++ +2 +2-3 -3,","-# -#++ n la &M+ &M+*$ *$a a $ !t# !t#$# $#++ * * 2%!" 2%!"ta tan n *na *na !a<# !a<#%% %-*2 %-*2% %a-" a-"n n $ +t +t %-*%+#. P#% ll# < 2#% la+ -a%a-t%3+t"-a+ * 2%+ntan l#+ !t#$#+ $ %-*2%a-"n !0#%a$a 3a !"-%#&"anaK + * +t + -#n"%t n *na #2-"nK $nt%# $ la+ #2%a-"#n+ $ %-*2%a-"n !0#%a$a # t%-"a%"a.  Anal"a% la tn$n-"a # 2%+2-t"a * + t"n a -#%t#K !$"an# < la%8# 2la#K -#n la -#n+"$%a-"n $ * n# + t"n -%ta n" la +8*%"$a$ $ a2l"-a%l# $ ,#%!a -#n!"-a.

4.= H$'tr$* !&/ Art& !& “MEOR” B-!ann n 1(7 $+-*&% l 2%"!% t%a&a0# -#n-%n"nt a l#+ +t*$"#+ $ l#+ 2%#-+#+ $ 6EOR. A 2+a% $ ll#K 2#-# ,* -# a+ta * Z#Bll -#!n *na +%" $ "n+t"8a-"#n+ +"+t!=t"-a+ $ la&#%at#%"# n l#+ '+. La+ "$a+ < l#+ %+*lta$#+ %+*lta$#+ 2%+nta$#+ n +*+ a%t3-*l#+ a%t3-*l#+ !a%-a%#n l -#!"n# -#!"n# $ *na n*a %a n la "n+t"8a-"n $ la &"#t-n#l#83a $l 2t%l#. S* t%a&a0# + -nt% n la ,a-t"&"l" ,a-t"&"l"$a$ $a$ $ +2a%a% 2t%l# 2t%l# $ la+ %#-a+ $l *n# $ l#+ 2%"n-"2al+
•

•

 Ant+ $ * al8*na a2l"-a-"n 2#+"t"a $ -a!2# + 2*$"%a %al"a%K + $&%3a %al"a% !=+ t%a&a0# 92%"!ntal. S $& $&n n %al" %al"a% a% n+a< n+a<#+ #+ $ -#!2 -#!2at at"& "&"l"l"$ "$a$ a$ nt% nt% la+ la+ &a-t &a-t%" %"a+ a+ < la ,#%!a-"n. La+ &a-t%"a+ !2la$a+ n +t#+ +t*$"#+ 2%+ntan 2%+ntan *n ,-t# alta!nt alta!nt -#%%#+"# +#&% la+ +t%*-t*%a+ $ "%%#.

En l#+ 4+K al8*na+ !2%+a+ 2t%#l%a+ + !#+t%a%#n "nt%+a$a+ n +ta+ "$a+

 A ,"nal+ $ l#+ @+ l !&a%8# $ -%*$# %n# l "nt%+ n -*al*"% t-n#l#83a $ %-*2%a-"n a+"+t"$a $ 2t%l# 2#% 2a%t $ l#+ 2a3++ #--"$ntal+K $an$# *n n*# a"% a la "n+t"8a-"n $ +ta t-n#l#83a. E+ta$#+ Un"$#+K Cana$=K G%an B%taJaK A*+t%al"aK Al!an"a  I+%al + n-#nt%a%#n nt% l#+ 2a3++ * $!#+t%a%#n !a<#% "nt%+ al %+2-t# 2#% + t"!2# $ t-n#l#83a. E9"+t3a +*,"-"nt "n,#%!a-"n $ la&#%at#%"# < -a!2# +#&% !-an"+!#+K +t%at8"a+ < ,*n-"#na!"nt# $ +ta t-n"-a. La +t"!*la-"n $ 2##+ "n$""$*al+K l !0#%a!"nt# $l ,*n-"#na!"nt# n la "n<--"n $ a8*a < l t%ata!"nt# +l-t"#K a&3an +"$# $!#+t%a$#+ -#!# a2l"-a-"#n+ ,a-t"&l+ $ -a!2#. D*%ant l#+ +K la +l--"n $ #&0t"#+ -#n %+2-t# al *+# $ +ta+ t-n"-a+ < l +"+t!a $ $+a%%#ll# ,*%#n ntn$"$#+ $ *na !an%a !=+ -la%a -#n &a+ a *na %"+"n $ l#+ ,*n$a!nt#+. Va%"a+ %"+"#n+ $ t%a&a0#+ ant%"#%+K -#!# 2%*&a+ 2"l#t# a2a%-"%#n n +t 2%"#$#.  A 2%"n-"2"#+ $ l#+ + l $2a%ta!nt# $ n%83a $ l#+ E+ta$#+ Un"$#+ >DOE? %$*0# l#+ ,#n$#+ $+t"na$#+ a la "n+t"8a-"n $ +ta =%aK a2#*n# n C"na < #t%# n E+ta$#+ Un"$#+? + n-#nt%a&an a2l"-an$# +t#+ 2%#-+#+K la *n"%+"$a$ $ Can&%%a !n-"#n * +ta t-n#l#83a +ta&a +"n$# !2la$a 2#% a%"#+ -a!2#+ $l 6a% $l N#%t. A$!=+K 6"- Ba- -#!2aJ3a * 2%#

C*-t"/ IV INVESTIGACION DE MERCADO M&r#*! Y A-/$#*#$%n T&#n/%,$#* &n M12$# =.4 A-/$#*#$%n !& /* In0&##$%n !& M$#rr,*n$'' La &"#t-n#l#83a a2l"-a$a 2a%a la +t"!*la-"n $ 2##+K -#n+"+t n la 2%#$*--"n $ l#+ !ta&#l"t#+ n l +"t"# a t%a+ $ l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ -#!# =-"$#+ #%8=n"-#+K 8a++K $"+#lnt+ < &"#+*%,a-tant+K l#+ -*al+ $8%a$an la+ ,%a--"#n+ 2+a$a+ $l -%*$#K l"-*an l#+ -#!2#nnt+ 8l","-a$#+ #%"8"na$#+ 2#% l $t%"#%# $ l#+ 2#l3!%#+ *t"l"a$#+ $*%ant *n ,%a-t*%a!"nt# "$%=*l"-#  "n"&n l#+ $2+"t#+ $ +al+ !"n%al+ >+-ala+ $ -a%&#nat#+ # +*l,at#+? n l 2##K # n la+ #na+ -%-ana+ al !"+!# < 2#% n$ !0#%an l $%na0 $ 2t%l# a-"a l "nt%"#% $l 2##. L#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ 2*$n a*t#t%an+2#%ta%+ a-"a la+ #na+ $ !a<#%  +at*%a-"n $ -%*$# %+"$*al < !#"l"a% l 2t%l# 2%"a!nt -#n+"$%a$# "%%-*2%a&l. La %2%#$*--"n $ l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ $2n$ 9-l*+"a!nt $ la+ -#n$"-"#n+ $l 0. In<--"n $ a8*a < CO (? < n# 2#% n*a+ t-n#l#83a+ n $#n$ l#+

F"8*%a 4.1 U&"-a-"n $l Pal#-anal $ C"-#nt2-

La -*n-a C"-#nt2- + -la+","-a -#!# -*n-a t"2# ant,#+aK < -#nt"n +$"!nt#+ t%%38n#+ $2#+"ta$#+ n *n a!&"nt !a%"n# 2%#,*n$#K n ,#%!a $ l&*l#+ < a&an"-#+ +*&!a%"n#+K 2#% *na alt%nan-"a $ a%n"+-a+ < l*t"ta+ $ $a$ E#-n# "n,%"#% < Pal#-n# +*2%"#% n *n %an8# $ 2%#,*n$"$a$+ $  a (' !t%#+. El +"+t!a 2t%#l%# $ la -*n-a +ta $,"n"$# 2#% / 2la<+ 2%#$*-t#%+ 1. Pla< C"-#nt2- $ $a$ Pal#-n#;E#-n# T!2%an#.

L#+ 2##+ $ la 2%*&a t-n#l8"-a 2%tn-n a la #na -nt%# $ C"-#nt2-K ,*%#n l8"$#+ 2#% +*+ -a%a-t%3+t"-a+ n -#!Mn A-"t 2+a$#  "n+*,"-"nt 2%+"n $ ,#n$#. La a2l"-a-"n + ll# a -a&# n  Agua Fría-587, Tajin-398 y  Coapechaca-891, %al"=n$#+ la "n<--"n $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ nt% l#+ $3a+ 1/ < 1 $ S2t"!&% $l (4. i.

Agua Fría-587  

El 2## A8*a F%3a;4@K 2%,#%a$# n l (' %al"an$# *na 2%*&a $ 2%#$*--"n al "nt%al# 1@;1/4 ! >C;K1?K -#n *n 8a+t# "n"-"al $ (71 BPD nt#+K *$an$# l 2## ,l*<nt 2#% TP $ ( @HW < +t%an8*la$#% $ 7 !!. E+ta 2%#$*--"n + !ant*# 2#%  $3a+ < 2#+t%"#%!nt l 2## + -%% 2#% &a0a 2%+"n $ ,#n$# ,"8*%a 4.1. r)/ !& V+/8"/*'   =” 2 = 47” 2 7 ”

T.R. 1 /H'WK );44K '.4 l&H2"

T.R. @ 4HWK );44K (7.' l&H2"

14(.4 !

J (?

K (!?

S (?

;

<

'/(./ ! @7/.4' ! / ! 1@1.4' !

T.P. ( /HW

1/'7.' ! 14./@ !

Ca!"+a D+l"a&l Za2ata -#n-t#%a E!2a-a$#% Ba% 

1747.4' ! 177@.' ! 177.(7 ! [email protected]@ !

;

El t%ata!"nt# -#n !"-%##%8an"+!#+ + a2l"- al "nt%al# 171;17@ ! >C;/?K l 1 $ S2t"!&% $ (4K !antn"n$# *na 2%#$*--"n $ 7/ BPD 2#%  !++K $+2*+ $l t%ata!"nt# ,"8*%a 4.(.

PRODUCCI@N AF3=

7 = 

;= ;  7

Pr&3Tr*t*$&nt

   ?    O    I    D    E    M    O

P't3Tr*t*$&nt

In#r--r*#$%n 7 $nt&r8*/'

4=

7

   R    P    (

  '   &       

7=

BN

4=

4

  '    /    )

4

= 

= 

 

*

M

0

<

3



3< "/ & S



<

<

3



N

3



=



3

8

n&

E

*

M

r 

3

=

3= /3=

= 

3

3

=

> 3

>

3>

8 & A" En& M*r M M*0 S N



*

0

3

>    3> 3> 3 3 3 /3 8 "/ &-  n& * & A" M*0 N M S E S 3



r 



3

      !   n   *   r   &      O   '   *    .    D

ii.

Coapechaca-891

El 2## C#a2-a-a;1K ,* t%!"na$# ,l*<nt 2#% TP $ ( @HW < +t%an8*la$#%  $ 7 !!K n l "nt%al# 1;1// ! >C;? l (1 $ ,&%%# $ (' -#n *na 2%#$*--"n "n"-"al $ /'' BPD nt#+. La 2%#$*--"n $l 2## + !ant*# n 1' BPD\+ 2%#!$"#K a+ta l 1 $ S2t"!&% $ (4K -*an$# + ll a -a&# la "n<--"n $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+. D+2*+ $l t%ata!"nt# + !ant*# *na 2%#$*--"n 2%#!$"# $  BPD\+ a+ta * + -%% 2#% &a0a 2%+"n $ ,#n$# n !a%# $ (7 ,"8*%a 4./. r)/ !& V+/8"/*'  =”2 = 47” 2 7 ”

T.R. 1: /H'WK );44K ':.4 L&H2"K BCN

14' !

/:.7 !

T.R. @ 4HWK );44K (7.' L&H2"

J

K

(?

(!?

S (?

.

.;

;=.

.

.=

;=.

@B/ !

T.P. ( /HW

[email protected] !

Ca!"+a D+l"a&l C$a. Za2ata C#n-t#%a N"2l A+"nt# CHVal. E!2a-a$#% F5W

17A.' ! 1@:A.7 ! 1@1/./ ! 1@:.' !

PRODUCCI@N COAP34 ;=

;=G

P't3Tr*t*$&nt

;  

;

In#r-r*    ? 7=    O    I

Pr&3Tr*t*$&nt

   D

7

C*)$ !&

$nt&r8*/'

         E

$nt&r8*/

7

   M    O

7=   

         !

7

BN

   R    P    (   '   &       E   '    /    )

4=

4=

4

4

= 

=





<

<



3

) F&A



3

<  3

< < 3



< = 3



3



 3

= 

3

= 3



= 3

= 

3



= >

>





3

3



3

>  3

> 3

> 

> 3



)r " n ,  tD $# ) )r  " n ,  tD $# ) )r  "n , tD $# O# O# F& A F& A  A  A  A O#F

FECHA

F"8*%a 4.4 5"+t#%"a $ 2%#$*--"n $l 2## C#a2-a-a;1

3

 

 3

)

&

 

3

  3

 3

 

3

)r  "n , t $# D O#F A  A

 

3

 

&

3

)



  n   *   r

  &      O   '   *    .    D

iii.

Tajin-398  

El 2## Ta03n;/K + t%!"n #,"-"al!nt l / $ !a<# $ (/ n t%+ "nt%al#+ +"!*lt=n#+ (44;(@ ! >C;1?K 14;(/4 ! >C;K4? < 1/4;144 ! >C;@? ,l*<n$# 2#% TP $ ( @HW < +t%an8*la$#% $ 7 !!K al-anan$# *na 2%#$*--"n "n"-"al $ (1 BPD nt#+ ,"8*%a 4.4. E+t#+ "nt%al#+ ,*%#n a+"la$#+ -#n ta2n $ a%na l !+ $ n%# $ (4K 2%#&an$# l "nt%al# 1@7;1 ! >C;7? l -*al 2%#$*0# 1'' BPDK n +t "nt%al# + 2%#& l t%ata!"nt# $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ l 1' $ +2t"!&% $l !"+!# aJ#K 2%#$*-"n$# n 2%#!$"# @1 BPD 2#% *n 2%"#$# $ 1 !++ ,"8*%a 4.7. .

AV. FIP  = M

@ !

T R 4 ” 3== <.= /)-$&

J (?

S (?

>.


4

7D

4(' ! TP ( @HW

T R @ 4HW );44 (7.' l&H2"

1(/' !

1@(/./ !

Ca!"+a $+l"a&l -$a. Za2ata -#n-t#%a

1@//.B !

1@'/ !

 A-t*al!ntK + n-*nt%an l#+ -*at%# "nt%al#+ 2%#$*-"n$# $ ,#%!a +"!*lt=na -#n +"+t!a a%t","-"al $ &#!&# n*!=t"-#. PRODUCCI@N TA3;H 7  

;=

;     ?    O    I    D    E    M    O    R    P    (

4=

In#r-r*

P't3Tr*t*$&nt

Pr&3Tr*t*$&nt

7=

<

$nt&r8*/'

7

BN

4

  '   &          '    /    )

4= 4

= = 

 ; 

M*

;

;



3

0



3

8

,

A

3

N

< 3

<



3

0

F&)

M*

<



 3

,

A



< 3

8

N

=



&

F

= 3



)

3

*0

M

=



 3

,

A



= 3

8 N



> 

3

> 3

F&

FECHA

F"8*%a 4.@ 5"+t#%"a $ 2%#$*--"n $l 2## Ta03n;/

>



)

M*0 A

3

>



3

N

3



 3

F&





)

8

,





M*0 A

3

,



 3

 

8

N

3

)

F&



      !   n   *   r

  &      O   '   *    .    D

=.7 E8*/"*#$%n !& /* Pr!"##$%n !& /' P9' !& /* Pr"&)* La al*a-"n t#tal $ l#+ %+*lta$#+ $ la "n<--"n $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ n l#+ 2##+ ant+ !n-"#na$#+K + %al" -#n &a+ a la+ !$"-"#n+ $ 2%+"n < 2%#$*--"n &%*taK n l 2%"#$# $l 1 $ +2t"!&% al (1 $ n#"!&% $ (4. En l#+ la&#%at#%"#+ $ la !2%+a 6"-%#–Ba- Int%na-"#nalK In-.K + %al"a%#n la+ 2%*&a+ $ la&#%at#%"# $ la+ !*+t%a+ $ -%*$# $l 2## t#!a$a+ ant+ < $+2*+ $ la a2l"-a-"n $l t%ata!"nt# -#n !"-%##%8an"+!#+ >a l#+ / < 7 $3a+?K -#n l ,"n $ $t-ta% l#+ -a!&"#+ 2#% la 2%+n-"a $ la a--"n $ l#+ !ta&#l"t#+. D*%ant l 2%"#$# t#tal $ al*a-"n $ l#+ %+*lta$#+ $ la "n<--"n $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+K + 2%+nt *na +ta&"l"a-"n $ la 2%+"nK l# * 2%!"t" *n l"8%# "n-%!nt# < !antn"!"nt# $ la 2%#$*--"n. Ta!&"n + 2%+nt *na %+ta*%a-"n $ la 2%+"n n l
Ta0"n /

C#a2-a-a 1

=.; R&'"/t*!' !& /* Pr"&)* T&#n/%,$#* La+ 8%a,"-a 4.@ !*+t%a * la 2%#$*--"n + "n-%!nt -#n %la-"n a la * tn3an ant+ $l t%ata!"nt# < t"n$ a +ta&"l"a%+ $#+ !++ $+2*+ 0*nt# -#n la %+ta*%a-"n $ la 2%+"n. P#% l# tant# + at%"&*< +t "n-%!nt# a la %$*--"n $l $aJ# n l -#nt#%n# $l 2##K $&"$# a la $8%a$a-"n $ l#+ 2#l3!%#+ 8l","-a$#+. E+ta $8%a$a-"n ,a#%- a la $"+!"n*-"n $ la "+-#+"$a$ l# * a +*  2%!"t l a*!nt# n la !#"l"$a$ $l -%*$# < a- * l ,l*0# $ ,l*"$#+ +a !=+ ,"-"nt. E+ "!2#%tant +Jala% * l#+ 2##+K ant+ $l t%ata!"nt# < $ a-*%$# a la "n,#%!a-"n %-#2"la$a n -a!2#K tn3an *na 2%#$*--"n "nt%!"tntK < $+2*+ $l t%ata!"nt# -#n !"-%##%8an"+!#+K l -#!2#%ta!"nt# $ ,l*0# ,* !=+ -#nt"n*#.  A -#nt"n*a-"n + 2%+nta *n %+*!n $ l#+ %+*lta$#+ $ la 2%#$*--"n al-ana$a -#n l t%ata!"nt# $ l#+ t%+ 2##+ $ "n<--"n $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+K n l#+ 2%"#$#+ $ al*a-"n. PERIODO DE EVALUACION

PRODUCCI@N AF3=

T3;

COAP34

B%*ta

Nta

B%*ta

Nta

B%*ta

Nta

43S&-3= * 73O#t3=

/.44

/(.'

41.'1

4.74

'@./

'4./

743O#t3= * 743N83=

71.4/

4@.@/

4.1@

'.17

'.41

'.1

Pr&!$ G/)*/

4.4'

'4.7

4.@

'.1

'.(@

'@.'@

Ta&la 7. R+*!n $ la 2%#$*--"n 2%#!$"# $"a%"a >&2$? n l#+ 2%"#$#+ $ al*a-"n 2#% -a$a

La -*%a $ $-l"na-"n $ l#+ 2##+ * + n-#nt%a&an -%%a$#+
=.< R&nt*)$/$!*! !& /* In0&##$%n !& M$#rr,*n$'' S %al" l -=l-*l# $ la %nta&"l"$a$ $l t%ata!"nt# -#n !"-%##%8an"+!#+K -#n+"$%an$# *na 2%#$*--"n nta a2%#9"!a$a $ l#+ 2##+K la -*al ,* -al-*la$a -#n &a+ a la+ !$"-"#n+ $ la 2%#$*--"n &%*ta < l#+ 2#%-nta0+ $ a8*a. C#n+"$%an$# *na 2%#$*--"n nta a-*!*la$a 2a%a l#+ t%+ 2##+ $ a2%#9"!a$a!nt (71/ Bl+. n l 2%"!% 2%"#$# < $ /@@' Bl+. n l +8*n$# 2%"#$# $ al*a-"nK < *n 2%-"# $l &a%%"l $ 2t%l# n l !%-a$# $ '4 $la%+ >N#.(4?K + #&t"n *na *t"l"$a$ $ a2%#9"!a$a!nt l ' -#n %la-"n a la "n%+"nK -#!# + %2%+nta n la Ta&la @. E+t#+ #lM!n+

DESCRIPCION DE LOS DATOS

PRECIO DEL PETROLEO

PRECIO ACTUAL DEL BARRIL PETROLEO EN EL MERCADO INTERNACIONAL

USDB)/

<=

EVALUACION DEL TRATAMIENTO SEGUN PRODUCCION D E LLENADO EN EL TANQUE REGISTRADA ANTES Y DESPUES DEL TRATAMIENTO

POZO

PRODUCCION DE PETROLEO EVAL. 4 EVAL. 7 PROMEDIO DIARIO PERIODO DE VOLUMEN GANANCIAL PERIODO DE VOLUMEN GANANCIAL ANTES EVLUACI@N EVLUACI@N

RECUPERACION DE CAPITAL Y ESTIMACION DEL GANANCIAL MONTO

EVAL. 4

EVAL. 7

TOTAL

INYECCION

DIFERENCIA

USD

USD

USD

USD

BLS.

DAS

BLS.

BLS.

DAS

BLS.

BLS.

USD

AF3=

11./'

/1

1K::'./

74(.'

/(

1K'@./(

1K''.''

(K/@@.(

77K@.71

7K1@@.'/

7'K1:.::

/1K@.'/

T3;H COAP3H4

1'.@7 11.'

/: (7

1K41./ 1K1'./1

1K:@7.4 /.@

/: /(

1K'@'.4 1K47./7

1K:/(.14 1K(4@.(

'K''4. /K@@'.:

'7K''7.44 47K7:7./1

'KA(.'' 7K/A:.':

@@K:17.:: 7'K1:.::

1@K@7.'' /(K(::.':

TOTAL

;.<

;4.>

7>4;.7

<H.>7

;<.=

44=H.4

7<=.7

7=;>.

7<.7

COMENTARIO

<

4>H=7.<

PORCENTAE DE UTILIDAD DE LA INVERSION

Ta&la @. An=l"+"+ -#n!"-# $l t%ata!"nt# -#n !"-%##%8an"+!#+

P#% #t%# la$#K -#n+"$%an$# *na 2%#$*--"n n*la $ l#+ 2##+ $a$# l -#!2#%ta!"nt# * 2%+nta&an 2%"# al t%ata!"nt#K *na 2%#$*--"n nta a-*!*la$a 2a%a l#+ t%+ 2##+ $ a2%#9"!a$a!nt /@1 Bl+. n l 2%"!% 2%"#$# < $ ' Bl+. n l +8*n$# 2%"#$# $ al*a-"nK < l 2%-"# $l &a%%"l $ 2t%l# $ '4 $la%+ >N#.(4? + #&t"n *na *t"l"$a$ $ a2%#9"!a$a!nt l  -#n %la-"n a la "n%+"nK -#!# + 2%+nta n la Ta&la .

C*-t"/ IV. PROPUESTA

Pr-"&'t* E#n%$#* 0 T&#n/,* La t-n#l#83a a&a%-a $",%nt+ 2%#-+#+ n la "n$*+t%"a 2t%#l%aK -#!# +#n: •

•

•

•

•

•

E+t"!*la-"n $ 2%#$*--"n $ 2##+ "n$""$*al+ !$"ant l *+# $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+. In<--"n -#nt"n*a $ a8*a < !"-%##%8an"+!#+. Ba%%"$# $ n*t%"nt+ *+an$# l +"+t!a *,, an$ 2*,,. L"!2"a $ 2##+ -#n &a-t%"a+. Ta2#na!"nt# +l-t"# -#n &a-t%"a+. R-*2%a-"n $ ,l*"$#+ $ ,%a-t*%a-"n -#n !"-%##%8an"+!#+.

 A 2+a% $ * l#+ -#n-2t#+ &=+"-#+ < l#+ !-an"+!#+ $ %-*2%a-"n +#n l#+ !"+!#+ 2a%a t#$a+ la+ a2l"-a-"#n+K la+ -#n$"-"#n+ #2%a-"#nal+ < l $"+J# 2t"!# $","% nt% *na a2l"-a-"n < #t%a. Ca$a *na $ +ta+ a2l"-a-"#n+ 2*$ *+a% *n $",%nt -*lt"# $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+K * 2#+ $",%nt+ -*al"$a$+ * l#+ a-n !=+ Mt"l 2a%a la a2l"-a-"n a "!2l!nta% n -a!2#. L#+ -*lt"#+ < l#+ n*t%"nt+ +#n l8"$#+ a ,"n $ -*!2l"% -#n la+ -#n$"-"#n+ +2-3,"-a+ $l 2t%l# < la a2l"-a-"n l8"$a. A*n* l#+ !-an"+!#+ $ %-*2%a-"nK + n-*nt%an n t#$#+ l#+ 2%#-+#+K l !-an"+!# 2%$#!"nant $2n$ $ la+ -#n$"-"#n+ $ -a!2#K + $-"% $l
t%an+2#%t a-t"# $ la+ -l*la+ $ &a-t%"a+ a t%a+ $l !$"# 2#%#+# 2%!an- +"n +% ntn$"$#. Un !-an"+!# a-2ta$# $ t%an+2#%t + l lla!a$# l#8 0a!W l -*al -#n+"+t n la a8%*2a-"n $ -l*la+ n la+ 8a%8anta+ 2#%al+ %$*-"n$# +* ta!aJ# a+ta l 2*nt# n * l ,l*0# nat*%al $ ,l*"$#+ %#!2 $"-# a8%*2a!"nt# < %+ta*%a l ,l*0# nat*%al $ la 8a%8antaK !2*0an$# la+ -l$a+ a-"a l +"8*"nt 2#%#. +t# +*8"% * l !t#$# $ t%an+2#%t + 2*l+a$# < n# -#nt"n*#. S"!*la$#%+ &a+a$#+ n +ta "n,#%!a-"n $ la&#%at#%"#K +#n !2la$#+ 2a%a "$nt","-a% 2a%=!t%#+ -la+ n l#+ 2lan+ $ "n<--"n. A$!=+K + "!2#%tant n#ta% * la+ 2%*&a+ $ -a!2# "n$"-an * n l
Falta $ 2%#!#-"n $ la a-t""$a$ !ta&l"-a $+a$a in situ. P%+"nK t!2%at*%aK 25 < +al"n"$a$ +#n la+ l"!"ta-"#n+ *+*al!nt !n-"#na$a+ 2a%a l *+# $ +ta t-n"-a. La 2%+"n n# %+*lta tan %+t%"-t"a -#!# la t!2%at*%a a 2+a% $ * alt%a la+ -a%a-t%3+t"-a+ $ -%-"!"nt# !"-%#&"t"-# < l#+ ,-t#+ $ t#9"-"$a$. El $+a%%#ll# $ &a-t%"a+ t%!,"la+ Mt"l+K 2*$ -a!&"a% l ,a-t#% $ t!2%at*%a n *n 2a%=!t%# n# %+"+t"# < a+3 9tn$% l %an8# $
<.4 M&#*n$'' !& MEOR En l 2%#-+# $ ,%!nta-"n &a-t%"alW *na -#!&"na-"n $ !-an"+!#+ + la %+2#n+a&l $ la +t"!*la-"n $ la 2%#$*--"n # l !0#%a!"nt# n la %-*2%a-"n $ 2t%l#. E+ta -#!&"na-"n $ !-an"+!#+ $2n$ $ la a2l"-a-"nK l#+ -*lt"#+K n*t%"nt+ +l--"#na$#+ < la+ -#n$"-"#n+ #2%a-"#nal+. F"8*%a '.1 S "l*+t%a l 6-an"+!# $l *+# $ 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ n l Pt%l#. L#+ 2#+"&l+ !-an"+!#+ + n-*nt%an a -#nt"n*a-"n: •

•

•

•

•

•

60#%a!"nt# $ la !#"l"$a$ %lat"a $l 2t%l# -#n %+2-t# al a8*a !$"ant &"#+*%,a-tant+ < &"#2#l3!%#+. R;2%+*%"a-"n 2a%-"al $l
F"8*%a '.1 S "l*+t%a l 6-an"+!# $ l *+# $ 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ n l Pt%l#

<.7 En'*0' D& C*- Ba+a$#+ n la 92%"n-"a $ la+ a2l"-a-"#n+ $ -a!2# la +"8*"nt l"+ta %+*! l#+ ,a-t#%+ * $&n +% tn"$#+ n -#n+"$%a-"n n l $"+J# $ *na

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Lla% a -a&# l !#$la$# n la&#%at#%"# $ l#+ 2%#-$"!"nt#+ $ a2l"-a-"n &a0# -#n$"-"#n+ $
<.;An+/$'$' Y Pr-"&'t* E#n%$#* !& MEOR A. O)6&t$8'. •

•

O2t"!"a% la %-*2%a-"n $ la 2%#$*--"n $",%"$a $l 2## n ,*n-"n $ +* 2#tn-"al < la 2%#$*--"n a-t*alK al %$*-"% l $aJ# a la ,#%!a-"n 2#%  ,-t# $ la $2#+"ta-"n $ la 2a%a,"na
B. Ant&#&!&nt&'. •

•

•

La &"#t-n#l#83aK a -#&%a$# *na !a<#% "!2#%tan-"a $nt%# $ la+ t-n#l#83a+ a2l"-a$a+ 2a%a +t"!*la% la ,#%!a-"n < %-*2%a% la 2%#$*--"n $",%"$a. 6$"ant +ta+ t-n"-a+ l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ !0#%an la %-*2%a-"n $ -%*$# %+"$*alK 2#% la 8n%a-"n $ !ta&#l"t#+ # &"#2%#$*-t#+ n l#+
L#+ l"!"ta$#+ an=l"+"+ -#n!"-#+ 9"+tnt+ $ la+ a2l"-a-"#n+ $ -a!2# !*+t%an * l -#+t# !a<#% $ *n 2%#<-t# $ +t t"2# + n-*nt%a n l -#+t# $ n*t%"nt+ 2a%a al"!nta% l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+.

C. A/#*n#& Ral"a% *n +t*$"# -#n la t-n#l#83a $ %-*2%a-"n !"-%#&"ana -#n -a2a-"$a$ $ -a!&"a% la+ 2%#2"$a$+ $ l#+ ,l*"$#+ $ l#+
•

•

•

•

•

Ca%a-t%"a-"n ,"+"-#*3!"-a $ l#+ a-"t+ $ l#+ 2##+ 2t%#l%#+. E"$n-"a% la 2%+n-"a $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ n !*+t%a+ $ a-"t $ l#+ 2##+ 2t%#l%#+ < al*a% +" 2%#$*-n !ta&#l"t#+ $ "nt%+. Eal*a% la 2%#$*--"n $ !ta&#l"t#+ 2#% !"-%##%8an"+!#+ 2%#n"nt+ $ #t%#+ a!&"nt+ -#n a2l"-a-"n 2#tn-"al. C#n &a+ n +t*$"#+ !"-%#&"#l8"-#+K $,"n"% la ,#%!*la-"n < la !t#$#l#83a 2a%a lla% a -a&# 2%*&a+ $ %-*2%a-"n $ "$%#-a%&*%#+ n !$"# 2#%#+#. Ca%a-t%"a% !"-%#&"#l8"-a < ,"+"#l8"-a!nt a la+ 2#&la-"#n+ !"-%#&"ana+ 2%#$*-t#%a+ $ !ta&#l"t#+ $ "nt%+ >+*%,a-tant+K +#lnt+ < 8a++?. A+3 -#!# al*a% +* -a2a-"$a$ 2a%a ,a#%-% la %-*2%a-"n $ "$%#-a%&*%#+ a n"l la&#%at#%"#. +t#K -#n+"$%an$# al8*na+ -#n$"-"#n+ $ t!2%at*%a < +al"n"$a$? < n !$"# 2#%#+# >8%an*la$#+ < nM-l#?. Gn%a% *n !#$l# !at!=t"-# -#n+"+tnt $ -*a-"#n+ * $+-%"&an l ,l*0# < l t%an+2#%t $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+K n*t%"nt+ < &"#2%#$*-t#+ >8a++K

D. Cn'$!&r*#$n&' !& E6&#"#$%n !& "n Pr0&#t MEOR i.

(sistencia -cnica

C#!2%n$ l $"a8n+t"-# < +l--"n $ l#+ 2##+K T#!a $ !*+t%a+ $l ,l*"$#K  An=l"+"+ $l -%*$#K P%*&a+ $ t%ata&"l"$a$ n l la&#%at#%"#K A+"+tn-"a 2%#,+"#nal ant+K $*%ant < $+2*+ $ la "n<--"n n l#+ 2##+. ii.

Provisión de los Productos.

S8Mn la -#!2aJ3a * #%8an"a-"n * ll a -a&# l +t*$"# < la "n<--"n $ la+ &a-t%"a+K + $& n-a%8a% $: L#+ 2%#$*-t#+ nat*%al+ >!"-%##%8an"+!#+?K Ent%8a < $"+t%"&*-"n $ l#+ 2%#$*-t#+ a+3 -#!# la l#83+t"-a $ t#$# l 2%#-$"!"nt# >$+$ * !2"a a+ta * t%!"nan?. iii.

Provisión de E*uipos para la /nyección

La -#!2aJ3a * #%8an"a-"n * lla%= a -a&# l t%a&a0#K +*!"n"+t%a%= l#+ *"2#+ $ "n<--"n < $ a2#<# 2a%a la +t"!*la-"n $ l#+ 2##+ $*%ant l t%ata!"nt#K -#!# 2*$n +%: •

•

Un -a!"n &#!&a >&#!&a $ $+2laa!"nt# 2#+"t"#?. Un -a!"n tan* # 2"2aK 2a%a l a2%#"+"#na!"nt# $ a8*a 2a%a 2%2a%a%  la !-la -#n l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+. Una 8%Ma 2a%a l !an0# $ l#+ 2%#$*-t#+ $*%ant la -a%8a < $+-a%8aK

v.

-iempo de Ejecución

El 2la# $ 0-*-"n $ l#+ t%ata!"nt#+ $2n$%= $ la -ant"$a$ $ 2##+ +l--"#na$#+ < $ la ,%-*n-"a !n+*al * + +ta&l-a -#!# !3n"!# a 0-*ta%+. S"n !&a%8#K la %-#!n$a-"n 2a%a la 0-*-"n $ l#+ t%a&a0#+ + +t"!an n +"+ t%ata!"nt#+ 2#% !+K -#n+"$%an$# * $&n %al"a%+ la+ 2%*&a+ $ la&#%at#%"# $ la -a%a-t%"a-"n $l -%*$#K 2%*&a+ $ t%ata&"l"$a$K 2%*&a+ $ 2%#$*--"n ant+ $l t%ata!"nt#K $t%!"na-"n $ l#+ %8"+t%#+ $ 2%+"nK %8"+t%#+ $ !$"-"n a n"l $ ,l*"$# < !$"-"n $l ,#n$#K +t#+ +#n al8*n#+ 2a%=!t%#+ * a+8*%an l 9"t# $ l#+ t%ata!"nt#+.

E. R&'"/t*!' E'-&r*!' •

•

•

In,#%! +#&% la ,a-t"&"l"$a$ t-n"-a $ a2l"-a% la %-*2%a-"n !"-%#&"ana $ "$%#-a%&*%#+ a n"l la&#%at#%"#. 6t#$#l#83a 92%"!ntal n !$"# 2#%#+# >!$"#+ 8%an*la$#+ < nM-l#+?K 2a%a %-*2%a-"n $ "$%#-a%&*%#+ 3a !"-%#&"anaK *t"l"an$# %#-a+ < ,l*"$#+ $
<.< Cntr$)"#$%n E-r&'* M$#r3B*# &n /* R&#"-&r*#$%n !& P&tr%/&. 6"-%#;Ba- Int%nat"#nal +t= -#!2%#!t"$a -#n l $+a%%#ll# $ +#l*-"#n+ &"#l8"-a+ * +#n tant# -#n!"-a!nt +l"$#+ < a!&"ntal!nt +8*%#+.

L#+ 2%#$*-t#+ $ 6"-;Ba- +#n *t"l"a$#+ 2a%a -#nt%#la% la 2a%a,"naK -#%%#+"n < +-a!a n l#+ 2##+ 2t%#l%#+ 2%#$*-t"#+K -#!# ta!&"n n la R-*2%a-"n 60#%a$a $ Pt%l# >6EOR?. La+ t-n#l#83a+ 6"-;Ba-K ta!&"n +#n *t"l"a$a+ n la+ "n+tala-"#n+ $ +*2%,"-" 2a%a !antn% l"!2"#+ l#+ tan*+ +2a%a$#%+ < l3na+ $ ,l*0#.

<.<.4 Cntr/ !& P*r*:$n*' La "n<--"n $ -%*$# -al"nt a alta+ t!2%at*%a+ > a 1C? n l 2##K $%%"t la 2a%a,"na $2#+"ta$a < a-*!*la$a n l 2##. El 2%#&l!a !=+ +%"# < a la%8# 2la# + la 2#+"&"l"$a$ $ $aJ#+ n la ,#%!a-"n 2#% la $2#+"ta-"n -a$a  !a<#% $ -a$na+ 2+a$a+K 2#% la 2%$"$a $ #l=t"l+K $&"$# al -alnta!"nt#. La+ t-n"-a+ 6EORK 2%+ntan 2%#$*-t#+ 2a%a l -#nt%#l $ 2a%a,"na+ < a+,=ltn#+ n l#+ 2##+ 2t%#l%#+. E9"+tn $"%+#+ !-an"+!#+ &a-t%"an#+ * 0*8an *n 2a2l +l-t"# 2a%a l#+ $",%nt+ t"2#+ $ -%*$#K !*-#+ 2%#$*-t#+ &a-t%"an#+ 2*$n a-t*a% -#!# +#lnt+ $ la 2a%a,"naK +t#+ "n-l*<n al-##l+K al$3$#+K a-t#na+ < =-"$#+ 8%a+#+. La &a-t%"a -*an$# !ta&#l"a "$%#-a%&*%#+ 2%#$*- a%"#+ t"2#+ $ +*%,a-tant+. E+#+ -#!2#nnt+ +#n l#+ 8l"-#l32"$#+K l32"$#+ # -a%&#"$%at#+ l#+ -*al+ + nlaan al -%*$# < alt%an +* -#!2#%ta!"nt# $ la %la-"n a8*a;-%*$#. Ell#+ a-tMan $ !an%a +"!"la% -#!# $"+2%+ant $ 2a%a,"na+K %#!2"n$# la+ a-*!*la-"#n+. L#+ &"#2%#$*-t#+ 2*$n a-t*a% $ a!&a+ !an%a+ -#!# +#lnt < $"+2%+ant

L#+ ,a-t#%+ * "n,l*<n n la 2%-"2"ta-"n $ la +-ala +#n -a!&"#+ ,*%t+ $ 2%+"nK t!2%at*%a < 25 a+3 -#!# la 2%+n-"a $ -#!2#nnt+ "n"-#+ -#!# l -l#%*%# $ +#$"#K !"+!# * al "n-%!nta% n al#%+ !*< +"8n","-at"#+ >1 22!? "n-%!nta la +#l*&"l"$a$ $l -a%&#nat# $ -al-"#K l +*l,at# $ -al-"# < l &a%"#. 6$"ant la a2l"-a-"n $ l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ + 2*$n 2%#$*-"% +*&+tan-"a+ "n"&"t#%"a+K * !#$","*n l -#!2#%ta!"nt# $ +ta+ %a--"#n+.

<.<.; Cntr/ !& Crr'$%n El a*!nt# $ a8*a n la 2%#$*--"n $ -%*$# a+#-"a$# -#n la 2%+n-"a $ $"9"$# $ -a%&#n#K #938n#K &a-t%"a+ +*l,at# %$*-t#%a+K n"l+ $ -l#%#K 25 t!2%at*%aK 8n%an $",%nt+ t"2#+ $ -#%%#+"n * a,-tan la+ #2%a-"#n+ n l#+ 2##+. D&"$# a la 2%+n-"a $ la+ &a-t%"a+ +*l,at# %$*-t#%a+ * !ta&#l"an 5 (SK + a *t"l"a$# *n 8%*2# $ &a-t%"a+ $"%"8"$a+ a %$*-"% l#+ n"l+ $ n*t%"nt+ &=+"-#+ $l a8*a $ ,#%!a-"nK a ,"n $ -#nt%#la% l -%-"!"nt# $ +ta+ &a-t%"a+K * n -#n$"-"#n+ ana%&"-a+ al a-t*a% +#&% l "%%# 8n%an l +*l,*%# $ "%%#.

<.<.< Cr$t&r$' -*r* /* S&/&##$%n !& /' P9'. S a #&+%a$# * a*n* + -*!2lan t#$#+ l#+ -%"t%"#+ n la +l--"n $ l#+ 2##+K 9"+tn -#!2#%ta!"nt#+ t%#8n#+ $ 2##+ * %+2#n$n n ,#%!a $",%nt n -#!2a%a-"n -#n #t%#+K 2#% l# * + n-+a%"# +t*$"a% la 2#+"&"l"$a$ $ $aJ#+ n la ,#%!a-"nK 2%+n-"a $ !*l+"#n+ * 2%#$*-n ta2#na!"nt# # %+t%"--"n al ,l*0# $ -%*$# n la+ -%-an3a+ $l 2##. S !*+t%a la ta&la 4 0!2l#+ $ -%"t%"#+ n
C%"t%"#+ $ Sl--"n PARMETROS L"t#l#83a $l Ya-"!"nt# E$a$ $l
E+2+#% $ la A%na P#%#+"$a$

P%!a&"l"$a$ G%a$a$ API $l -%*$#

T!2%at*%a P%+"n

E+2+#% $ la A%na

CONDICIONES T%a&a0a &"n tant# n a%n"+-a+K -al"a+  A2l"-a-"#n+ n l 6"#-n#K E#-n# E+2+#% !a<#% $ /.'! >1 ,t? Q* 9"+ta !#"!"nt# $l ,l*"$# N# t"n %+t%"--"n B*n#+ %+*lta$#+ -#n 8%a$a$+ $ 1 API R+"+tnt a+ta 1(1.11 C >(7F? R+"+tnt a alta+ 2%+"#n+ E+2+#% !a<#% $ /.'! >1 ,t? S %-#!"n$a 2a%a S#%  1

P#tn-"al $l P#F# Ta&la 4. E0!2l# $ -%"t%"#+ n
<.<.= M&t!/,* !&/ Tr*t*$&nt

Una  "n<-ta$a la !-la &a-t%"ana n l 2##K +t $& +% -%%a$# 2a%a 2%!"t"% l -%-"!"nt# $ l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ $nt%# $l
T"!2# $ C"%% # R!#0# $l P##

El t"!2# $ -"%% $l 2## # $ %!#0#K 2%!"t a+8*%a% * la -#l#n"a-"n < !ta&#l"a-"n + -*!2la n l -"-l# 2%+ta&l-"$# n la+ 2%*&a+ $ t%ata&"l"$a$ %al"a$a+ n l la&#%at#%"#K $0an$# * l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ + !#"l"-n $nt%# $l
B * # t & r 

45 6

C"r8* !& Cr&#$$&nt B*#t&r$*n

47 6 46 6 8 6

E't*#$n*r$* Cr&#$$&nt

D*%ant l -%-"!"nt# $ la+ &a-t%"a+ + 2%+ntan t%+ ,a++ 8n%al+: a. Fa+ $ A$a2ta-"n D*%ant +ta ,a+ la+ &a-t%"a+ "n<-ta$a+ + a$a2tan al n*# -#+"+t!a. E+t 2%"#$# 2*$ $*%a% a+ta *n $3aK $2n$"n$# $ la+ -#n$"-"#n+ $l
E+ "!2#%tant !n-"#na% * la %la-"n n*t%"nt+H&a-t%"a+ + -#n+tant!nt al*a$a 2#% la -#!2aJ3a 6"-;Ba- Int%na-"#nal. D#n$ + +ta&l- * la %la-"n $& %+2ta%+ 2a%a "ta% l -%-"!"nt# $ &a-t%"a+ n# $+a&l+K -#!# +#n la+ &a-t%"a+ +*l,at# %$*-t#%a+ 2%#$*-t#%a+ $ 5(SK # &a-t%"a+ &"#$8%a$a$#%a+ $ la+ ,%a--"#n+ l""ana+ $l -%*$# >O%"8"na$#%a+ $ la -#%%#+"n?. La ,#%!a -#!# + alMa +" l 2%#$*-t# +t= a-t*an$# +#&% l -%*$# $l 2## "n<-ta$#K + %al"an$# !*+t%#+ ant+ < $+2*+ $ la "n<--"n. A +ta+ 2%*&a+ + l+ %al"a *na -%#!at#8%a,3a $ 8a++ < l3*"$a $l -%*$#K "+-#+"$a$ < l 2#%-nta0 $ #l=t"l+. S" l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ +t=n a-t*an$# $ !an%a a$-*a$aK + $&n #&+%a%  -a!&"#+ n la $"+t%"&*-"n $ n;al-an#+K $#n$ l#+ -#!2#nnt+ $ !a+ 2+a$#+ $&n +% %$*-"$#+ < la+ ,%a--"#n+ !=+ l""ana+ # $ !n#% 2+# !#l-*la% + an a*!ntan$#. +t# + 2*$ % %,l0a$# n la $"+!"n*-"n $ la "+-#+"$a$ $l -%*$# < a*!nt# n l 2#%-nta0 $ #l=t"l+K -#n l t"!2#K !"nt%a+ 9"+tan !"-%##%8an"+!#+.

<.<.> A-&rt"r* 0 P"&'t* !& Pr!"##$%n !& /' P9' D+2*+ $ -*!2l"$# l t"!2# $ %!#0# $ l#+ 2##+K + 2%#-$ a la a2%t*%a $ l#+ !"+!#+K 2a%a l# -*al $& #&+%a%+ la 2%+"n n la -a&a 2a%a al*a%  l -#!2#%ta!"nt# $ la 2%+"n n la t*&%3a $ %+t"!"nt# < la t*&%3a $ 2%#$*--"nK *n a*!nt# $ la !"+!a %+2-t# a +* al#% %8"+t%a$# ant+ $ la 2%*&aK + *na !*+t%a $ la a--"n $ l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+.

S t#!a%a la !*+t%a $ -%*$# $+2*+ $ a&% %al"a$# l t%ata!"nt# -#n l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ $ a-*%$# al !#n"t#%# +ta&l-"$#K a ,"n $ -#!2a%a% l#+ -a!&"#+ n l -#!2#%ta!"nt# $ la 2%#$*--"n ant+ < $+2*+K a+3 -#!# la 2%"!%a !*+t%a $ -%*$# ant+ $ la "n<--"n. E+t 2%"#$# 2*$ $*%a% a%"#+ !++K a+ta * l#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ 9"+tan 2#% la $"+!"n*-"n $ l#+ n*t%"nt+ -#!# l ,+,#%# < l n"t%8n#K n la !a<#%3a +* ,-t# 2%!an- n l t"!2#. E+ta %-*2%a-"n !0#%a$a +t= $"+Ja$a 2a%a * +* ,-t# +#&% l -%*$# %+"$*alK 2%$*% 2#% !=+ t"!2# * l#+ *3!"-#+ -#nn-"#nal+
<.<. E:&#t' !& /* R&#"-&r*#$%n !& Cr"! R&'$!"*/ El ,-t# $ la $8%a$a-"n # t%an+,#%!a-"n $ la+ ,%a--"#n+ 2+a$a+ # ,%a--"#n+ l""ana+K $2n$%= 9-l*+"a!nt $ la+ -a%a-t%3+t"-a+ ,"+"-#*3!"-a+ $l ,l*"$# $ 2%#$*--"n < $ la+ -a%a-t%3+t"-a+ 2t%#,3+"-a+ $ l#+
<.= A-/$#*#$%n * N$8&/ M"n!$*/ 4. P/*t*:r* &n :r$#* D*%ant *na -#!2t"t"a l"-"ta-"n *na "!2#%tant -#!2aJ3a 2t%#l%a +ta$#*n"$n+ #t#%8 a 6"-%#;Ba- Int%nat"#nal *n 2%#8%a!a 2"l#t# 2a%a la +t"!*la-"n $ / 2##+ 2t%#l%#+. L#+ 2##+ + n-*nt%an n *na 2lata,#%!a !a% a$nt%# $ ,%"-a O--"$ntal < 2%#$*-3an /;' &2$ 2%"# al t%ata!"nt#. •

•

•

En A&%"l $l aJ# (K $#+ 2##+ ,*%#n t%ata$#+ < +*+2n$"$#+ 2#% +l# t%+ $3a+ < l t%-% 2## ,* t%ata$# !"nt%a+ + n-#nt%a&a +*+2n$"$# 2#% #t%# 2%#-$"!"nt# %+*ltan$# n *n 2%3#$# $ +*+2n+"n $ 1' $3a+. D+$ l %"n"-"# $ #2%a-"#n+K la 2%#$*--"n $ 2t%l# $ l#+ $#+ 2%"!%#+ 2##+ ,* $ *n 2%#!$"# $ !=+ $ 7 &2$ -a$a *n#. El t%-%# t*# "n-%!nt#+ ta!&"nK < ,* n#ta&l la %$*--"n $ -#+t#+ $&"$# al a#%%# $ n%83a *t"l"a$aK la * a +*  9tn$" la "$a $ la &#!&a. L#+ t%+ 2##+ 2%#$*-n a-t*al!nt -%*$# $ !*-a !=+ alta -al"$a$. L#+ t%ata!"nt#+ $l 2%#8%a!a 2"l#t# an -#n-l*"$# < l 2%#8%a!a $ t%ata!"nt# 92an$"$# 2a%a (1 +t= 2#% ,"nal"a%+.

S -al-*la * l#+ t%ata!"nt#+ an %+*lta$# n "n8%+#+ nt#+ a$"-"#nal+ * +#&%2a+an !$"# !"lln $ $la%+ n *n 2%"#$# $ +"+ !++. D&"$# al 9"t# $ a$%n-"a $ la &"#!a+a al a-"t %+"$*al ,"8*%a '.4.

+,*%#+ 2a%a a&"l"ta%l#. 6"-%#;Ba- Int%nat"#nalK In-.K +*8"%" *n t%ata!"nt# $ +t"!*la-"n * %*%3a *n $"=!t%# $ 2%+"n $ 7\ a la ,#%!a-"n -#n *n 2%3#$# $ n-%%a!"nt# 2a%a * l#+ 2%#$*-t#+ &"#l8"-#+ !#"l"a%an la+ ,%a--"#n+ $ -%*$# 9t%a;2+a$#. El t%ata!"nt# ,* -#n-l*"$# n S2t"!&% $ ( *t"l"an$# l#+ ,l*"$#+ +t"!*lant+ -*+t#!at"a$#+. D"-"#-# #%a+ $+2*+ $ la a2%t*%a $l 2##K + 2%#$*0%#n la+ 2%"!%a+ 8#ta+ $ 2t%l#. D+2*+ $ *na +!ana + %2#%t * l 2## +ta&a 2%#$*-"n$# 1' &2$. Pa%a ,"nal+ $ la +8*n$a +!ana + %2#%t * la 2%#$*--"n %8"+t%a&a 14 &2$. En l#+ Mlt"!#+ %2#%t+K la 2%#$*--"n $ 2t%l# a&3a a*!nta$# "n-%3&l!nt a 4' &2$. El -l"nt -al-*la * l -#+t# $l t%ata!"nt# ,* -*&"%t# nt% (;/ $3a+ < + l8"-a!nt "!2%+"#nant * *n 2## !*%t#W a
En l S*%+t $ A+"aK t%+ 2##+ ,*%#n t%ata$#+ n )*l"# $ ( -#n l #&0t"# $ "n-%!nta% la 2%#$*--"n l"!"nan$# la+ 2a%a,"na+K a+,=ltn#+K #t%#+ $2+"t#+ $ "$%#-a%&*%#+ -#n alt# 2+# !#l-*la% < la %2a%a-"n $ $aJ#+ a la+ 2a%$+ $l 2##. La 2%#,*n$"$a$ 2%#!$"# $ l#+ 2##+ %a $ /K 2"+ < la 2%#$*--"n 2%#!$"# 2%"a al t%ata!"nt# %a $ / &2$. S "n<-t *na !-la $ 2%#$*-t#+ 2a%a +t"!*la-"n -*+t#!at"a$#+ $ 6"-%#;Ba- a *na -#n-nt%a-"n $ 4K 22! < l#+ 2##+ ,*%#n -%%a$#+ 2#% +"t $3a+.  Al %"n"-"a% #2%a-"#n+K l %+*lta$# "n"-"al "n$"- la l"!"na-"n $ 8%an$+ #lM!n+ $ 2t%l# 9t%a;2+a$#. La 2%#$*--"n -#!n a a*!nta% < la+ -a%a-t%3+t"-a+ $l 2t%l#

Cn#/"'$n&' 0 R&#&n!*#$n&' Un# $ l#+ 2%"n-"2al+ #&0t"#+ $ -*al*"% !2%+a 2t%#l%a n E92l#%a-"n  P%#$*--"n + !a9"!"a% l al#% $ +*+
4. La+ "nn#a-"#n+ -#nt"n*a+K la+ n*a+ %%a!"nta+ !0#%a$a+ $ +"!*la-"n $ 2%#-+#+ &"#l8"-#+K l#+ n,#*+ !=+ 2%=-t"-#+K < l#+ %+*lta$#+ %nta&l+ n la+ t-n"-a+ $ +t"!*la-"n $ 2##+ "n$""$*al+K l"!2"a < ta2#na!"nt# $ -a2a+K +*8"%n *n ,*t*%# alnta$#% < *na a-t""$a$ +#+tn"$a $ la+ t-n"-a+ 6EOR $*%ant l#+ 2%9"!#+ aJ#+. 7. 5#< n $3a + +ta a$*"%"n$# -#n-"n-"a $ la n#%! -ant"$a$ $ %-*%+#+ &"#*3!"-#+ * +t=n +2%an$# +% $+-*&"%t#+. La+ 2%"n-"2al+ ,"%!a+ &"#t-n#l8"-a+ +t=n "n"%t"n$# n 8%an$+ -ant"$a$+ a la &M+*$a $ n*a+ a-t""$a$+ n"!=t"-a+ * 2*$n +% a2l"-a$a+ a 2%#$*-t#+ 9"+tnt+ # * "n+2"%n n*a+ ,#%!*la-"#n+. @. 6EORK %*"% la "nt%a--"n $ a%"a+ $"+-"2l"na+ -"nt3,"-a+ tal+ -#!# la B"#l#83a < la In8n"%3a $ Ya-"!"nt#+ * a&#%$an $ $",%nt !an%a l t!a. P#% l# * a +"$# !*< $",3-"l $ 2%+nta% n la "n$*+t%"a $l 2t%l# *na "!a8n -#!2%n+"a < -#+"a $ la+ t-n#l#83a+ 6EOR. . E9"+t la -#n+"$%a-"n 8n%al $ * !*-#+ $ l#+ 2%#-+#+ "n$*+t%"al+ * + "!2lanta%=n n l#+ 2%9"!#+ 4 aJ#+ tn$%=n +* ,*n$a!nt# n %-*%+#+ &"#t-n#l8"-#+: $&%=n +% ,"-"nt+K l"!2"#+ < a*t# +*+tnta&l+.

R&#&n!*#$%n

R&:&r&n#$*' B$)/$,r+:$#*' 1. A$"n+ ). P.K 1(K 6"-%#&"al C#!2#+"t"#n #, Ca%&#nat Pt%#l*! R+%#"% Fl*"$+K G#!"-%#&. (. B%
11. 6-In%n< 6. ).K 6a*$8al
R&:&r&n#$*' &) •

•

•

•

•

•

•

tt2:HH.&"#$"+#l.-#!H!$"#;a!&"ntH*;+;l;2t%#l#;t"2#+;$; 2t%#l#;"$%#-a%&*%#+;+t;t9a+;"nt%!$"at;2t%#l#;&%nt; &ln$;-la+","-a-"#n;$l;-%*$#H tt2:HHl%"n-#n2t%#l%#.&l#8+2#t.-#!H tt2:HH.;&;t.-#!H!#%.t! tt2:HH&#lt"n+8!."8#l-*.*na!.!9H2#-a(H1/;1;@<&a%nt-.2$,  tt2:HH.t"tan#"l%-#%<.-#!H!#%;t"tan;$",,%n-.t!l tt2:HH.-"n+ta.!9H&"#t-H"n+t"8a-"#nH&"#2%#-+#+.t!l tt2:HH.$"aa.-#!H8%*2#.t!l

ANEXO 4 G/'*r$ A #$!' Gr*''.3 L#+ =-"$#+ 8%a+#+ +#n =-"$#+ #%8=n"-#+ !#n#n#"-#+K * + n-*nt%an 2%+nt+ n la+ 8%a+a+K %a%a!nt l"&%+K < -a+" +"!2% +t%","-an$# al 8l"-%#l < nt*al!nt a #t%#+ al-##l+. S#n 8n%al!nt $ -a$na l"nal < t"nn *n nM!%# 2a% $ =t#!#+ $ -a%&#n#. #$!' Or,+n$#'.3 S#n *na a%"$a$ $ =-"$#+ * + -#n-nt%an a&"t*al!nt n l#+ ,%*t#+ $ n*!%#+a+ 2lanta+. S#n -#!2*+t#+ #%8=n"-#+ * 2#+n al !n#+ *n 8%*2# =-"$#. S $"+t"n8*n l =-"$# -3t%"-#K l !=l"-#K l ta%t=%"-#K l +al"-3l"-#K l #9=l"-# < l#+ 8%a+#+. A,&nt&' T&n'*#t$8'  S"r:*#t*nt&'.3 L#+ a8nt+ a-t"#+ +*2%,"-"al+ # +*%,a-tant+ +#n !#l-*la+ * -#nt"nn *n +8!nt# l"2#+#l*&l >+#l*&l n a-"t? < #t%# "$%#+#l*&l >+#l*&l n a8*a?. La +#l*&"l"$a$ 2a%-"al tant# n a8*a -#!# n a-"t 2%!"t al +*%,a-tant #-*2a% la "nt%,a-. L#+ a8nt+ $ a-t""$a$ +*2%,"-"al +#n +*+tan-"a+ *3!"-a+ * %$*-n la tn+"n +*2%,"-"al $ l#+ l3*"$#+. A,"* Cn,1n$t*.3 El a8*a -#n8n"ta + *n t"2# $ a8*a +ala$a 2%#$*-"$a n l#+ "nt%"#%+ $ %#-a+. Gn%al!ntK a2a%- -#!# *n +*&2%#$*-t# $ la 92l#ta-"n $ "$%#-a%&*%#+ < 2#+ !"n%al+ * 2*$n +% n#-"#+ 2a%a l !$"# a!&"ntK 2%"n-"2al!ntK 2a%a la -#nta!"na-"n $ #t%#+ a-*3,%#+

B B*#$//"' L$#&n$:r$'.3 E+ *na &a-t%"a * + n-*nt%an n l +*l#. S* t!2%at*%a 2t"!a $ -%-"!"nt# + $ al%$$#% $ 4CK a*n* 2*$ +#&%""% a t!2%at*%a+ !*-# !=+ alta+. La t!2%at*%a 2t"!a 2a%a la +-%-"n $ la n"!a + $ /@  C. P*$ !an",+ta%+ n ,#%!a $ +2#%a+ 2a%a %+"+t"% a!&"nt+ $*%#+K # n +ta$# 8tat"# -*an$# la+ -#n$"-"#n+ +#n &*na+. B*#$//"' P/002*.3 E+ *n 8n%# $ &a-t%"a+ n ,#%!a $ &a+tn. El 8n%# Bacillus 2%tn- a la D""+"n F"%!"-*t+. S#n a%#&"#+ +t%"-t#+ # ana%#&"#+ ,a-*ltat"#+. En -#n$"-"#n+ +t%+ant+ ,#%!an *na n$#+2#%a $ +"t*a-"n -nt%alK * $,#%!a la +t%*-t*%a $ la -l*la. D"-a ,#%!a +2#%*la$a + %+"+tnt a la+ alta+ t!2%at*%a+ < a l#+ $+"n,-tant+ *3!"-#+ -#%%"nt+. B*#t&r$*' A#$!3L+#t$#*'.3 La+ &a-t%"a+ =-"$#;l=-t"-a+ + an !2la$# 2a%a ,%!nta% # -%a% -*lt"#+ $ al"!nt#+ $*%ant al !n#+ ' !"ln"#+. La+ &a-t%"a+ =-"$#;l=-t"-a+ -#n+t"t*<n *n a+t# -#n0*nt# $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ &n"8n#+K $#ta$#+ $ 2%#2"$a$+ +"!"la%+K * ,a&%"-an =-"$# l=-t"-# -#!# 2%#$*-t# ,"nal $l 2%#-+# $ ,%!nta-"n. S n-*nt%an n 8%an$+ -ant"$a$+ n la nat*%ala. B*#t&r$*' A1r)$#*'.3 Ba-t%"a+ * -%-n < "n n 2%+n-"a $l #938n#.

B*#t&r$*' S"/:*t R&!"#tr*'.3 C#!2%n$n a%"#+ 8%*2#+ $ &a-t%"a+ * *t"l"an l +*l,at# -#!# a8nt #9"$antK %$*-"n$#l# a +*l,*%#. La !a<#%3a 2*$n ta!&"n *t"l"a% -#!2*+t#+ $ a*,% #9"$a$#+ tal+ -#!# +*l,"t# < t"#+*l,at# # a*,% l!ntal. La+ &a-t%"a+ %$*-t#%a+ $ +*l,at# + an -#n+"$%a$# -#!# *n 2#+"&l t%ata!"nt# 2a%a la+ a8*a+ =-"$a+ $ la+ !"na+ * #t%a+ &a-t%"a+ #%"8"nan. B*#t&r$*' T&r%:$/*'.3 La+ &a-t%"a+ t%!,"la+ +#n a*lla+ * + $+a%%#llan a t!2%at*%a+ +*2%"#%+ a '4CK 2*$n +*2%a% "n-l*+# l#+ 1C >"2%t%!,"l#+? +"!2% * 9"+ta a8*a n +ta$# l3*"$#K l# * + -#n+"8* +" la 2%+"n + la$a -#!# #-*%% n la+ 2%#,*n$"$a$+ #-=n"-a+. B$,&n$#.3 P%#$*-t#+ 2%#$*-"$#+ 2#% la a--"n $ *n #%8an"+!# "#. B$*'*.3 E+ -*al*"% !at%"a #%8=n"-a $ #%"8n %-"nt * a
C-"&'t' Or,*n&t+/$#'.3 S#n -#!2*+t#+ n l * l#+ =t#!#+ $ -a%&#n# ,#%!an nla-+ -#alnt+K + $-"%K -#!2a%tn l-t%#n+K -#n *n =t#!# !t=l"-#. L#+ -#!2*+t#+ &a+a$#+ n -a$na+ < an"ll#+ $ =t#!#+ $ -a%&#n# + lla!an #%8an#!t=l"-#+. Crr'$%n.3 S $,"n -#!# l $t%"#%# $ *n !at%"al a -#n+-*n-"a $ *n ata* l-t%#*3!"-# 2#% +* nt#%n#. C"/t$8 A2&n$#.3 C#n+"+t n *na +#la +2-" !"-%#&"anaK 2%#n"nt $ *na +#la -l*la. L#+ -*lt"#+ a9n"-#+ +#n !*< 9t%aJ#+ n la nat*%ala. C"/t$8'.3 En !"-%#&"#l#83aK *n -*lt"# + *n !t#$# 2a%a la !*lt"2l"-a-"n $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+K tal+ -#!# &a-t%"a+ < "%*+K n l * + 2%2a%a *n !$"# 2t"!# 2a%a ,a#%-% l 2%#-+# $+a$#. E E"/'$:$#*#$n.3 P%#-+# n l * + 2%2a%an la+ !*l+"#n+ Una !*l+"n + *na !-la $ $#+ l3*"$#+ "n!"+-"&l+ $ !an%a !=+ # !n#+ #!#8na. En9$*'.3 S#n !#l-*la+ $ nat*%ala 2%#t"-a * -atal"an %a--"#n+ *3!"-a+K +"!2% * +a t%!#$"n=!"-a!nt 2#+"&l >+" &"n n# 2*$n a-%  * l 2%#-+# +a !=+ t%!#$"n=!"-a!nt ,a#%a&l?. E't$"/*#$%n.3 P%#-+# $ a-"$","-a-"n # ,%a-t*%a!"nt# lla$# a -a&# 2a%a a8%an$a% l#+ -#n$*-t#+ 9"+tnt+ # -%a% -#n$*-t#+ n*#+ n la ,#%!a-"n

-#!2*+t#+ #%8=n"-#+ < a*tt%#,#+ +" +* ,*nt $l -a%&#n# + l $"9"$# $ -a%&#n# >CO(?.

G Gr"- A#$!%:$/.3 E+ l n#!&% 8n%"-# * %-"& -"%t# 8%*2# $ 2%#&"t"-#+K 8n%al!nt aJa$"$#+ a la l- # n -=2+*la+K * -#nt"nn *na # !=+ $ la+ +"8*"nt+ &a-t%"a+ * a<*$an a la $"8+t"n. C%-n n a!&"nt+ =-"$#+. Gr"- A/#*/%:$.3 C%-n n a!&"nt+ &=+"-#+. S -#n+"$%an al-al,"l#+ a*ll#+ #%8an"+!#+ * "n n a!&"nt+ -#n 25 2#% n-"!a $ . Ell#+ + n-*nt%an n +*l#+ -a%8a$#+ $ -a%&#nat#+ < la8#+ +al"n#+ -#!# l#+ * + n-*nt%an n E8"2t#K l R",t Vall< $ ,%"-a < O+t $ l#+ E+ta$#+ Un"$#+. Gr"- B*r%:$/.3 C%-n n a!&"nt+ -#n alta 2%+"n. S 2*$n n-#nt%a%  #%8an"+!#+ * "n &a0# 2%+"#n+ $ a+ta 11 6Pa >%-#%$a!#+ * a n"l $l !a% tn!#+ .1 6Pa >!8a2a+-al? ] 1 &a% ] .@ at!?. Gr"- H*/%:$/.3 C%-n n a!&"nt+ -#n alta+ -#n-nt%a-"#n+ $ +al+. C#n+"$%a!#+ -#!# al,"l#+ a*ll#+ #%8an"+!#+ * "n n a!&"nt+ n l#+ * l -#ntn"$# $ +al +a al !n#+ $l  2#% -"nt#K a*n* +t l3!"t $2n$ $ l#+ a*t#%+. Gr"- P'$#r%:$/.3 C%-n n a!&"nt+ $ &a0a t!2%at*%a. Gr"- T&r%:$/.3 C%-n n a!&"nt+ $ alta t!2%at*%a.

I'tr-*.3 E+ la -a%a-t%3+t"-a $ l#+ -*%2#+ -*
O2,&n M/&#"/*r.3 E+ *n -#!2*+t# *3!"-# * + -#!2#n $ $#+ =t#!#+ $ #938n#. E+ *n 8a+ n >-#n$"-"#n+ n#%!al+ $ 2%+"n < t!2%at*%a? "n-#l#%#K "n#$#%#  "n+32"$#. P P*r*:$n*'.3 E+ l n#!&% -#!Mn $ *n 8%*2# $ "$%#-a%&*%#+ al-an#+ $ ,%!*la 8n%al CnH7n7. P&-tn*'.3 C*al*"%a $ la+ +*+tan-"a+ 2%#$*-"$a+ 2#% t%an+,#%!a-"n $ l#+ 2%"n-"2"#+ al&*!"n#"$#+K !$"ant la a--"n $ la 22+"na -#ntn"$a n l 0*8# 8=+t%"-#. La 22t#na + *+a n Ba-t%"#l#83aK -#!# !$"# $ -*lt"# 2a%a l $+a%%#ll# $ &a-t%"a+ < #n8#+. P&r&*)$/$!*!.3 Fa-"l"$a$ $ *na %#-a 2a%a $0a% 2a+a% ,l*"$# a t%a+ $ lla. E+ *n ,a-t#% * "n$"-a +" *n
R R&#"-&r*#$%n &6r*!*.3 E+ la %-*2%a-"n $ a-"t 2#% !$"# $ la "n<--"n $ !at%"al+ * n#%!al!nt n# +t=n 2%+nt+ n l
V V$'#'$!*!.3 E+ la #2#+"-"n $ *n ,l*"$# a la+ $,#%!a-"#n+ tan8n-"al+. Un ,l*"$# * n# t"n "+-#+"$a$ + lla!a ,l*"$# "$al. X X*ntn*' #*-&'tr$'.3 E+ *na +2-" !"-%#&"#l8"-a $ &a-t%"a+ * -a*+a *na a%"$a$ $ ,"t#2at#l#83a+. E+ *+a$a n la 2%#$*--"n -#!%-"al $ *n 2#l"+a-=%"$# $ alt# 2+# !#l-*la%K la 8#!a 9antanaK * + *n ,"-"nt "+-#+","-a$#% $ +#l*-"#n+ a-*#+a+K -#n "!2#%tant+ *+#+K +2-"al!nt n la "n$*+t%"a al"!nt"-"a.  Y  Y*#$$&nt.3 E+ *na ,#%!a-"n n la * +t= 2%+nt *na -#n-nt%a-"n $ $2+"t#+ !"n%al+ n la -#%ta t%%+t%.

ANEXOS 7 0 ; T&#n/,* MEOR

M&t*)/$'

E't"!$' * n$8&/ L*)r*tr$ #n /* T&#n/,* MEOR T$-  N$8&/ !& M$#rr,*n$'' S$'t&*'

O)'&r8*#$n&'

 E,"-"n-"a+ $ %-*2%a-"n $ a-"t $ ./ a ((.1. La&#%at#%"# ' -2a+ $ Bacillus  P%#$*--"n $ 2#l3!%# 9t%a-l*la%.  P%#$*--"n $ a-"$# &"#8n"-# < ta2#na!"nt# 0ic!eni)ormis a"+la$a+ $ 92%"!nt#+ n *n
R&:&r&n#$*

In<--"n $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ <

A%#&"# < ana%#&"#

P%#$*--"n $ &"#+*%,a-tant+

T%!,"l#+ a"+la$#+ $ a8*a < a-"t $ 2##+ N# +2-","-a 2t%#l%#+ $ 6ala+"a

La&#%at#%"#

 D"+!"n*<n la tn+"n +*2%,"-"al !a+ $ ( $"na+.  La !a<#% 2%#$*--"n + n la ,a+ 92#nn-"al.  F*nt $ -a%&#n# *%#+n#.

Ill"a+ t al.K 1

P%#$*--"n $ &"#+*%,a-tant+ < +#lnt+

N# + !n-"#na

La&#%at#%"#

 A-"t+ $ /7eAPIK -#n+"$%a$#+ -#!# a-"t+ !$"#+.

Ba"l< t al.K (1

P%#$*--"n $ &"#+*%,a-tant+

Ba-t%"a+ a%#&"a+ @ +2-"+ t#$a+ $l al#t#l%ant+ $ 8n%# Bacillus 2## 2t%#l%#

La&#%at#%"#

 F*nt $ -a%&#n# *%#+n# ;14 $ NaCL.

Ill"a+ t al.K (1

 A"+la!"nt# $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ $ !*+t%a+ $ a8*a $ *n
 Ana%#&"#+ ,a-*ltat"#+ -#n Ba-t%"a+ -#n -a2a-"$a$ "$%#-a%&*%# -#!# $ $8%a$a% "$%#-a%&*%# ,*nt $ -a%&#n#

La&#%at#%"# n nM-l# $ /!! $ $"=!t%# 9 @4 !! $ la%8#

n*t%"nt+

,a-*ltat"#

N# +2-","-a

 6$"-"n $ tn+"n +*2%,"-"al  "nt%,a-"al

Ya"!# t al.K 1@

t!2%at*%a #2t"!a '4;4eC.  La %-*2%a-"n $ a-"t 2#% "n<--"n !"-%#&"ana ,* $ 1.  P%#$*--"n $ =-"$#+ $ [email protected] a '!8HL.  D8%a$a-"n $ "$%#-a%&*%# < $"+!"n*-"n $ +* P"*" t "+-#+"$a$ a '4eCK -%-"!"nt# $ ' a 7eCK al.K (1 $"+!"n*-"n $ 25 $ @ a 4.  La TIF nt% l a-"t < l a8*a + %$*0# $ /4.7 a  !NH6. V"+-#+"$a$ $ a-"t $"+!"n*<# $ ( a 1 !Pa.+.

 ANEXO (: E+t*$"#+ a n"l la&#%at#%"# 2a%a la R-*2%a-"n $ a-"t -#n 6"-%##%8an"+!#+
T&#n/,* MEOR

M&t*)/$'

M$#rr,*n$''

T$-  N$8&/ !& S$'t&*'

O)'&r8*#$n&'

R&:&r&n#$*

Bacillu, 2%#n"nt $

NM-l# >%#-a -al"a? a n"l la&#%at#%"#K

P%#$*--"n $ CO( -5(

 A%#&"#+ < ana%#&"#+

Cl#+t%"$"n a-t#&*t
R#-a -a%&#nata$a

6"-%##%8an"+!#+ "n$38na+

 Ana%#&"#+

Ba-"ll*+ +2 < Cl#+t%"$"*! +2

 25 .';1.7K %-*2%a-"n 1.  25 7;@.'K %-*2%a-"n $ '4 n 2%#!$"#.  A-"t+ $ (7eAPIK at!#+,%a $ N(.  T!2%at*%a $ /@eC.  6#$","-a la "+-#+"$a$ $l -%*$#.

La&#%at#%"#

6laa -#n-nt%a-"n 1

En+a<#+ n nM-l# < -*lt"#+

Ca%a-t%"a-"n $ 9#2#l"+a-a%"$#+K l#+ +2a-"#+ $ 2#%# $ la %#-a < la "nt%a--"n nt% ll#+. Ut"l"an F%at+" t alK !"-%#+-#2"a $ &a%%"$# 2a%a -a%a-t%"a% $"-a ((

E92%"!nt#+ $ %-*2%a-"n +-*n$a%"a < t%-"a%"a $

A%#&"#+ < ana%#&"#+

"$%#-a%&*%#+

-#%%"nt+ $ a8*a -al"nt

Ca%a-t%"a-"n *lt%a+t%*-t*%al $ 92%"!nt# $ 6EOR n  Ana%#&"#+ nM-l#

N# +2-","-a

In<--"n $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ <  Ana%#&"# n*t%"nt+>8l*-#+aK ,a-*ltat"# +a-a%#+a < !laa? +#&% nM-l#+ $ B%a

1( -2a+ a"+la$a+ $ a-"t < a8*a $ ,#%!a-"n $ 2##+ $  A%a&"a Sa*$"ta < E8"2t#

 I$nt","-a-"n < *+# $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ "n$38na+  B"#-#!2t"-"#n

 R-*2%a-"n +-*n$a%"a >?K t%-"a%"a 1.  6#$","-a-"n $ la !#0a&"l"$a$ $ la %#-a. -"l"n$%#+ $ /. a  ( $ #l*!n 2#%#+#.  T!2%at*%a 92%"!nta-"n 14eC. @.@ -!

Bl*8"l t alK (( El Ela t alK ((

%la-"nK 92l#%an $"%+a+ !t#$#l#83a+ 2a%a la

2%+%a-"n $ l#+ -#!2#nnt+ $ "nt%a--"n.

La&#%at#%"# $ nM-l#+ $ B%a

 P%#$*--"n $ 8a+K &"#+*%,a-tant+ < &"#2#l"!%#+.  La+ &a-t%"a+ a,-ta%#n la tn+"n "nt%,a-"al nt% l a-"t < l a8*aK la !#0a&"l"$a$ $ la %#-a < la 2%!a&"l"$a$ %lat"a.

La&#%at#%"#

 A$"-"n $ +al+ "n#%8=n"-a+ n -#n-nt%a-"#n+ 2*Ja+ -#!# *n +"+t!a alt%nat"# $ a-2t#% $ l-t%#n+. D*%a-"n $l 2%#<-t# / aJ#+K a"+la%#n &a-t%"a+ < + n,#-a%#n a l#+ -*lt"#+ -#n 5"t!anK -a2a-"$a$ $ 2%#$*-"% a8nt+ !#"l"ant+. (/. T!2%at*%a $ "n-*&a-"n $ 'eC; 44eC a 25 @.(.  F*nt+ $ -a%&#n# >a-tat#K la-tat#K 8l*-#+a < +a-a%#+a?.

Dn"t%","-ant+ -*lt"#+ !"9t#+ ana%#&"#+K a*n* N# +2-","-a

ta!&"n *+an  A%#&"a+

Al!a"$& < Z%"K ((

 ANEXO (: E+t*$"#+ a n"l la&#%at#%"# 2a%a la R-*2%a-"n $ a-"t -#n 6"-%##%8an"+!#+
Sa<<#*K ((

T&#n/,* MEOR

M&t*)/$'

In<--"n $ n*t%"nt+ >+a-a%#+a al (? < N# +2-","-a !"-%##%8an"+!#+ a"+la$#+ $ *n -a!2# 2t%#l%#.  A$"-"n $ 6"-%##%8an"+!#+ < n*t%"nt+ -#n ,#+,at#+ < a-2t#%+ $ l-t%#n+.

 A%#&"# < ana%#&"#+

6"-%##%8an"+!# a"+la$# $ *n 2## 2t%#l%# $l S*% $ I%=nK 2%#$*--"n $ B"#+*%,a-tant.

A%#&"#

M$#rr,*n$''

( !"-%##%8an"+!#+ Bacillus  8%an 2#+"t"#K +2#%*la$# < Bacillus subtilis

C#n+#%-"#+ -#n: Bacillus polymi1a, B. brevis, Micrococcusvarians,Psudomonas aeriginosa,2ibrio sp, B.lic!eni)ormis.

T$-  N$8&/ !& S$'t&*' La&#%at#%"# n !at%a-+ < +"+t!a $ nM-l# >-"l"n$%#+ $ (( -! $ l#n8"t*$ < '. -! $ $"=!t%# "nt%n#? La&#%at#%"#K +"+t!a n -#!*!na !2a-a$# -#n a%na 8%an*la$a  "!2%8na$a -#n a-"t.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

0aboratorio

 A%#&"# E,-t# $ la a-t""$a$ !+#,"l"-#+ &a-t%"ana +#&% la $8%a$a$#%+ !#0a&"l"$a$ $ "$%#-a%&*%#+

Ba-t%"a+ a%#&"a+ !+#,"l"-a+ -#n -%-"!"nt# #2t"!# nt% ( < '4 eC

En nM-l#+ >Bnt"!%  +an$+t#n? -#n $",%nt+ t"2#+ $ a-"t+ < -#!2#+"-"#n+ $ a8*a.

E92%"!nt#+ $ %-*2%a-"n  Ana%#&"# +-*n$a%"a < t%-"a%"a n !$"# 2#%#+#

Bacillus subtilisy leuconostoc  mesenteroides

6"-%#!#$l# n "$%"# t!2la$# a n"l la&#%at#%"#> $ 1-! 9 ( -!?

O)'&r8*#$n&'  La %-*2%a-"n ,* $ 1'./ -#n !"-%##%8an"+!#+ $l -a!2# 2t%#l%# Pa<$a% $ T%an;I%anK la 2%#$*--"n $ B"#+*%,a-tant+ t*#

R&:&r&n#$*

A&ta" t alK (/.

*n "!2#%tant a--"n +#&% +ta.  P%#$*--"n $ !ta&#l"t#+: 8a++K +#lnt+K 2#l3!%#+K +*%,a-tant+.  S#2#%tan t!2%at*%a+ $ 4eC < +al"n"$a$ $ 4 $ NaCL.  11 a 1  $ %-*2%a-"n $ a-"t.  D",%nt+ ,*nt+ $ -a%&#n# < #938n#K %la-"#n+ $ CHN. La !0#%  2%#$*--"n $ %a!n#l"2"$#+>'.( 8HL? + #&t*# -#n 8l"-%#l $+2*+ $ @ $3a+ $ 92%"!nta-"n -#n *na C6C $ 1!8HL. S*+ %+*lta$#+ "n$"-an * l -%-"!"nt# &a-t%"an# 2*$ %$*-"%  la TIF < 2%##-a% -a!&"#+ n la !#0a&"l"$a$ l# * 2%##-a *n "n-%!nt# $ la %-*2%a-"n $ a-"t.  (/.1 $ a-"t %-*2%a$# -#n B.+*&t"l"+ < (1.( -#n L. !+nt%#"$+.  6EOR n !$"# 2#%#+# ,%a-t*%a$# < n# ,%a-t%a$#K +"+t!a n# ,%a-t*%a$# -#n '4 $ %-*2%a-"n $ a-"t -#n a8*a $ "n<--"n.

 ANEXO (: E+t*$"#+ a n"l la&#%at#%"# 2a%a la R-*2%a-"n $ a-"t -#n 6"-%##%8an"+!#+
Al!"$a t alK ('

Ra+"$" t al (4

#al+" t alK (7

S#*$!an$; +l"t alK (@

E't"!$' * n$8&/ #*- #n t&#n/,* MEOR T&#n/,* MEOR

6"-%##%8an"+!#+ "n$38na+ < +*+ !ta&#l"t#+. Ut"l"a-"n $ !laa

M&t*)/$'

 A!&#+

M$#rr,*n$'

Bacillus sp.y  Clostridium sp.

T$-  n$8&/ !& '$'t&* Ra-t#%+ -#n !$"#+ 2#%#+#+. 6#$l#+ !at!=t"-#+ t%"$"!n+"#nalK t%",=+"-# < !*lt"-#!2#nnt. P%*&a+ 2"l#t# n -a!2# $ 4( a-%+

O)'&r8*#$n&'  R-*2%a-"n $ a-"t $ @.4 a @ n !$"# 2#%#+#.  N# a< $",%n-"a n la %-*2%a-"n $ a-"t+ 2+a$#+K !$"an#+ # l"8%#+.  En la+ 2%*&a+ $ -a!2# + #&t*"%#n %-*2%a-"#n+ $ 1.7 n *n 2%"#$# $ / aJ#+.  En+a<#+ -#n ,*nt $ -a%&#n#

Clostridium t!yrobutyricum

La&#%at#%"# n 8%an*la$#+ $ %#-a $
98na+>!laa? < a-"t %+"$*al.  R-*2%a-"n $ a-"t $ ( a // 2#%  t%ata!"nt# !"-%#&"an#.  In"&"-"n $ &a-t%"a+ +*l,at# %$*-t#%a+.  Fa-t#%+ * "n-%!ntan la $+%-"#n $ a-"t $ la %#-a $
U+# $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ N# +2-","-a "n$38na+K ta2#na!"nt# +l-t"#

N# +2-","-a

La&#%at#%"#K NM-l#+. P%*&a 2"l#t# n
Ral"an *na -a%a-t%"a-"n 8#l8"-a < 2t%#*3!"-a $ l#+ 2##+. N# +2-","-an.

In<--"n $ &a-t%"a+  Ana%#&"#+ < n*t%"nt+ n &a0a+ ,a-*ltat"#+ -ant"$a$+

6-la $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ 1 a ' f! l#n8"t*$K .1 a ./ f! an-#. 6"l+

 In-%!nt# $ la 2%#$*--"n $ a-"t n *n / n 2%#!$"#. En -a!2#K n $",%nt+ =%a+  S %$*0# la "+-#+"$a$ $l a-"t 2#% a--"n 8#8%=,"-a+ $ EEUUK !"-%#&"ana. A%8nt"na < C"naK
In<--"n $ &a-t%"a+ < !laa 2a%a +* ,%!nta-"n

Ana%#&"#

 ANEXO /: E+t*$"#+ a n"l $ Ca!2# 2a%a la R-*2%a-"n $ a-"t -#n 6"-%##%8an"+!#+
R&:&r&n#$*

B%
L*n8%+a*+ nK 1/

Va$"K 17

D"t%"- t al.K 17

T&#n/,* MEOR

M&t*)/$'

M$#rr,*n$'

 A"+la!"nt# $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ t%!,"l#+.  A$"-"n $ +a-a%#+aK !laa < 8l*-#+a a $"+t"nt#+ 2##+

/@ -*lt"#+K +#l# ana%#&"#+ t#$#+ 2%#$*-t#%+ $ al8Mn !ta&#l"t#+

N# +2-","-a

In<--"n $ @ 2%#$*-t#+ !"-%#&"an#+ $ *n -#n+#%-"#

N# +2-","-a

N# +2-","-a

In#-*la-"n $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+

N# +2-","-a

N# +2-","-a

 D"+!"n*-"n $ la TIF.  P%#$*--"n $ 8a+ < &"#+*%,a-tant+ in situ.  F#%!a-"n $ !"-%#!*l+"#n+.  Ta2#na!"nt# +l-t"# -#n &a-t%"a+.

Ba-t%"a+ ( +2-"+ $ t%!,"la+K ( $ Ba-"ll*+ lla+ ,"la!nt#+a+

T$-  n$8&/ !& '$'t&*

O)'&r8*#$n&'

 P%#$*--"n $ =-"$#+ #%8=n"-#+ < 8a++.  S-%n"n8 $ 2##+ -#n ,a-t"&"l"$a$ $ a2l"-a-"n $ t-n"-a+ 6EOR.  E+t*$"#+ n la&#%at#%"# -#n #%8an"+!#+ Ca!2# Vn*la 2%#!"+#%"#+.  P%*&a+ $ -a!2# 2a%a %al"a% %!#-"n $ 2a%a,"na+.  L#+ a-"t+ -an n *n "nt%al# $ eAPI $ 1@; (@ -#n *na t!2%at*%a $ 7eC.  C%"t%"#+ n -a!2# %ala la ,a-t"&"l"$a$ $l 2%#<-t#: a? 25 -%-an# a n*t%#. &? P%+"nK n# + *n 2a%=!t%# * l"!"t. -? Ta!aJ# $ 2#%#K n# 7 2##+ $l -a!2# $& +t a% +#&% l %an8# $ ta!aJ# $ la P"$%a+ C#l#%a$a+K -#!*n"$a$ &a-t%"ana. $? T!2%at*%a $& +%  A%8nt"na !n#% $ 1(1eC. ? C#n-nt%a-"n $ -l#%*%#+  1K 22! n ,a+ a-*#+a. ,? C#!2#+"-"n $l -%*$# 2%"n-"2al!nt n; al-an#+.  R$*-n la "+-#+"$a$ 2#% a-#%ta!"nt# $ l a+ P%*&a 2"l#t# n -a$na+ la%8a+ $l -%*$# n la+ $l ( $ l#+ (4 2##+ $l 2##+. / !++? ll8an a *na $n+"$a$ $ .; 1.( E7 *,-H!L

NM-l# >%#-a+ -a%&#nata$a+? < 2%*&a 2"l#t# n
 R-*2%a-"n $ a-"t $l 14 al ( $ #l*!n 2#%#+#.  Sal"n"$a$ $  a 1.  T!2%at*%a $ / a 1 C.  L#+ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ n# 2%#$*-n =-"$#+K 25 + !ant"n nt% .@7 < ./.  La "+-#+"$a$ n# $"+!"n*<K l# * "n$"-a * n# 2%#$*-n &"#2#l"!%#+.  S %*"% *na +at*%a-"n $ (4 2a%a * l 2%#-+# $ 6EOR +a 9"t#+#.

 ANEXO /: E+t*$"#+ a n"l $ Ca!2# 2a%a la R-*2%a-"n $ a-"t -#n 6"-%##%8an"+!#+
R&:&r&n#$*

L"$+< < Z"%"%%K 1@.

6a*% t al.K 1

Z%" t al.K 1

Y*+*, t al.K 1

T&#n/,* MEOR

In<--"n $ n*t%"nt+ n l !laa?

In<--"n $ n*t%"nt+ >n"t%at#+K ,#+,at#+ < !laa? 2a%a +t"!*la%  &a-t%"a+ "n$38na+ $l
P%*&a+ 2"l#t# n $#+ 2##+ -#n "n<--"n $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ < !$"# $ -*lt"# 2a%a ,%!nta$#%+

M&t*)/$'

Ana%#&"#

N# +2-","-a

M$#rr,*n$'

Bacillus 0ic!eni)ormis

N# +2-","-a

/ -2a+ &a-t%"ana+ Fa-*ltat"#+

#Bacillus sp.40(5, 0B6 y  Pseudomonas sp. +7$

a"+la$a+ $ a8*a $ 2%#$*--"n $l
T$-  n$8&/ !& '$'t&*

O)'&r8*#$n&'

 S #&t"n *n "n-%!nt# $l 1(.4 n la %-*2%a-"n $ a-"t.  La 2%#$*--"n $ CO( a<*$# al $+2laa!"nt# / nM-l#+ $l -%*$# < al !0#%a!"nt# $l !"+!#. $",%nt+K 2%*&a  P%!a&"l"$a$ !*< &a0a .'4 !$K #t%# -#n 2"l#t# n /@./?  D-%- la "+-#+"$a$ $ '.4 a /.@@ !Pa+>(.?. Ca!&"# n la+ 2#&la-"#n+. Ca!2# n 2##+ 2t%#l%#+ $ la Un"$a$ Pt%#l%a N#%t Bl##%n C%K L!a%  C#*nt
R&:&r&n#$*

R

St2n+ t al.K 1

 In-%!nt# $ la 2%#$*--"n $ a-"t 2#% 6EOR ,* $ 7 !&# a 171 !&#

 R-*2%a-"n $ a-"t n *na 2%*&a $ la&#%at#%"# "n-%!nt# (/.1  P%#$*--"n $ =-"$#+ #%8=n"-#+K a-t#na+ t%+ < La&#%at#%"#K 2%*&a 8a++. 2"l#t# n $#+ 2##+  R$*--"n $ la "+-#+"$a$ < l -#ntn"$# $ 5 t al.K $
 ANEXO /: E+t*$"#+ a n"l $ Ca!2# 2a%a la R-*2%a-"n $ a-"t -#n 6"-%##%8an"+!#+
T&#n/,* MEOR Ina--"n $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+ < 2%#$*-t#+

M&t*)/$' Ba-t%"a+ $ 2##+ $
In<--"n $ *n !"-%##%8an"+!# < !laa+ n 7 2##+ 2%#$*-t#%+

N# +2-","-a

In<--"n $ n*t%"nt+ >!laa+? < $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+

N# +2-","-a

In<--"n $ !"-%##%8an"+!#+K &"#-atal"a$#%+ < n*t%"nt+ $nt%# $l
 Ana%#&"#+ ,a-*ltat"#+ $8%a$a$#%+ $ "$%#-a%&*%#+

M$#rr,*n$'

Bacillus

Enterobacter sp.

C)F;(

T$-  n$8&/ !& '$'t&* Ca!2#K 2##+ $ UAE ' t"2#+ $ a-"t+ P%*&a $ -a!2# $ 6EOR n l -a!2# 2t%#l%# F*<* n C"na

6"-%##%8an"+!#+ C)F;(

En nM-l# 2%*&a $ -a!2# n P*<*K C"na

A%-a+ < Ba-t%"a+ "2%t%!#,"la+

Ca!2# n la ,#%!a-"n Pa2a8a<#+K Ca!2# V"-a-a%a+K  A%8nt"na

O)'&r8*#$n&' D"+!"n*-"n $ la TIF $ a+ta *n  $l al#% #%"8"nal a 7;@C. Sal"n"$a$ $  a 1K 2%!a&"l"$a$ $ 1 !$. C#n-nt%a-"n &a-t%"ana /E/ -l+H!L. El !"-%##%8an"+!# 2%#$*0# *n 2#l3!%# "n+#l*&l * *t"l"# n l ta2#na!"nt# $ #na+ alta!nt 2%!a&l+ 2a%a %$*-"% l#+ -anal+ $ a8*a. En ' $ l#+ 2##+

"n-%!nt la %-*2%a-"n $ a-"t < $"+!"n*-"n $ a8*a $ ,#%!a-"n. Eal*a% la %$*--"n $ la 2%!a&"l"$a$ 2#%  ta2#na!"nt#. El "n-%!nt# n la 2%#$*--"n $ a-"t ,* $#+ -+ !a<#%. Eal*a-"n $ 6EOR $+2*+ $ *n aJ# $ a&%  "n<-ta$# !"-%##%8an"+!#+. La 2%#$*--"n $ a-"t "n-%!nta n *n (. 60#%a!"nt# $ la !#&"l"$a$ $l a-"t 2%# ,-t# $ +#lnt+. T!2%at*%a $ (C P%!a&"l"$a$ 2%#!$"# 1 !$. P#%#+"$a$ ,-t"a $ (4 -#n +at*%a-"n $ 2t%l# %+"$*al $ (4

 ANEXO /: E+t*$"#+ a n"l $ Ca!2# 2a%a la R-*2%a-"n $ a-"t -#n 6"-%##%8an"+!#+
R&:&r&n#$* Z%" < Al; an&a+"K (1

Na8a+ t al.K (1

Na8a+ t al.K ((

St%a22a t al.K ('