!"#$%& #&()* +,(-.*# !"#$%&' )*""+%%$+"
Ensayo sobre débiles
•
•
Escrita durante la Residency for Emerging Playwrights 2008 del Royal Court Theatre de Londres 2008 (Apoyado por el FONCA/ CENTRO CULTURAL HELÉNICO). Lectura Dramatizada en el Jerwood Theatre Upstairs. Dir. Anthony Nelson. Royal Court Theatre. Londres. Dos presentaciones “trabajo en proceso” durante la Colección de Teatro Alternativo 2 Teatro El Galeón, Julio de 2009 Dos presentaciones “trabajo en proceso” en La Madriguera Teatro, octubre de 2009 Publicación del texto por “Teatro sin paredes” ediciones 2011
•
•
•
28 funciones en el Teatro El Galeón, agosto-octubre 2010 Temporada de 4 funciones en el teatro El Milagro de la Ciudad de México durante la •
•
residencia de Alberto Villarreal en 2011 Presentación en el teatro experimental de Guadalajara 2011. Invitado al “Festival iberoamericano de artes cénicas de Santos” Brasil. Septiembre del 2012. El texto será traducido al francés y publicado por “Le miroir que fumi” París Francia.
• •
•
Por este montaje Alberto Villarreal fue considerado por el periódico El Economista como uno de los tres t res mejores directores mexicanos del 2011
Producida en 2008 por: Artillería Producciones/Royal Court Theatre/ CENTRO CULTURAL HELÉNICO /INBA/FONCA.
2
Ensayo sobre débiles
•
•
Escrita durante la Residency for Emerging Playwrights 2008 del Royal Court Theatre de Londres 2008 (Apoyado por el FONCA/ CENTRO CULTURAL HELÉNICO). Lectura Dramatizada en el Jerwood Theatre Upstairs. Dir. Anthony Nelson. Royal Court Theatre. Londres. Dos presentaciones “trabajo en proceso” durante la Colección de Teatro Alternativo 2 Teatro El Galeón, Julio de 2009 Dos presentaciones “trabajo en proceso” en La Madriguera Teatro, octubre de 2009 Publicación del texto por “Teatro sin paredes” ediciones 2011
•
•
•
28 funciones en el Teatro El Galeón, agosto-octubre 2010 Temporada de 4 funciones en el teatro El Milagro de la Ciudad de México durante la •
•
residencia de Alberto Villarreal en 2011 Presentación en el teatro experimental de Guadalajara 2011. Invitado al “Festival iberoamericano de artes cénicas de Santos” Brasil. Septiembre del 2012. El texto será traducido al francés y publicado por “Le miroir que fumi” París Francia.
• •
•
Por este montaje Alberto Villarreal fue considerado por el periódico El Economista como uno de los tres t res mejores directores mexicanos del 2011
Producida en 2008 por: Artillería Producciones/Royal Court Theatre/ CENTRO CULTURAL HELÉNICO /INBA/FONCA.
2
Ensayo sobre débiles
"#$% &'(' )' *') +' (,-,.&' +/ ,01%/&$&/2+ +/ ,3,-+/4$45 ,+-$.'/*' 0$%/1/.$2
6+'3$&/2+ 6+'3$& /2+ 4, %'* &7(1%,$8'* &7(1%,$8' * 4, %'* ,*1,&3$4'-,* ,*1,&3$4' -,* ,+ 7+ &$%,+4$-/' 4, 7+ $8' )$ 1$*$4'9 1$*$4 '9 :% &$%,+4$-/' *, &7,%;$ ,+ ,% ,*&,+$-/' $+3,* 4, %$ ,+3-$4$ 4,% 1<=%/&'9 :% &$%,+4$-/' 4,=,-> 1$*$- 1'- %'* 4'&, (,*,* ,+ 4,*'-4,+ 47-$+3, %$ -,1-,*,+3$&/2+9
+. ?>@7/+$* -74/(,+3$-/$* -74/(,+3$-/$ * 4, A/,+3' A/,+3 ' ) 3-7,+'* 3-7,+ '* *'+ $&&/'+$4$ $& &/'+$4$** $ /+3,-A$%'*9 /+3,-A$ %'*9 B+ (7*,' 4, C,+2(,+'* $3('*CD-/&'*9 :% $-3/C/&/$% 4,*C/%, 4, %$* ,*3$&/'+,* &'+ (>@7/+$* */(1%,*9 :% /+;,+/' E7($+' ,+ /(/3$&/2+ 4, C7,-.$* +$37-$%,*9 F'+/4'* */+ $(1%/C/&$&/2+ 1-'1/'* 4, %$* 1,-*'+$* A/A$*9
+. F'%/3$-/'*G %'* $&3'-,*H,*1,-$+ $ %'* '3-'*G %'* @7, *, $*7(/->+ 1$-3, 4, 7+ 1<=%/&'I9 J7$+4' %%,;$+ %'* -,&/=,+G *, 1-,*,+3$+G 4/&,+ *7 +'(=-, ) 'C/&/' K$&3'- 1-'C,*/'+$%G $&3-/. $C/&/'+$4$ ' *71%,+3,G $&3'- ) (,*,-'L %$ A,-4$4G *7 A,-4$4K9 F'+ $($=%,*G &'+ %$ (,*7-$ 4, E$=/3$+3,* (,3/4'* ,+ *7 1,@7,8$ 1-'A/+&/$ 4,% (7+4'9 M, C'-($ +$37-$% %$* 1-,*,+3$&/'+,* &'+&%7),+9 F, '&71$+ %'* %7;$-,*9
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
3
Ensayo sobre débiles
!"
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
,* =6D$% 5$ =6%*8 @ <6$ =* -6";+? L$/S+ 6/+ "*5&+ -'/ 5$&$/&+ @ -6+&%' -'5+5 :6$ :6$%S+ H+-$% +/&$5 .$ ='%*%? O' ""$78 /* + >$*/&$? O* 5* 5*:6*$%+ ""$78 + +"7' :6$ ;6.*$%+ ""+=+% >*.+? T5' <6$ =* -6";+? O6/-+ H$ 7+/+.' .*/$%' 56<*-*$/&$? 4'@ +-&'%9 6/' ;'#%$9 .$ $5'5 .$5-'/'-*.'59 '<*-*+/&$ '">*.+#"$ @ =$/'%? 4
Ensayo sobre débiles
,$ ;65*$%'/ "+ ;"+-+ .$ =$&+" .$5;6B5 .$" +--*.$/&$ .'/.$ =* =6D$% 5$ =6%*8 -'=' 6/+ D*%+<+ :6$ $5&*%+ .$=+5*+.' $" -6$""'? J$%.8/$/=$ "+ =$&1<'%+9 ;$%' H+@ =6$%&$5 :6$ /' ;6$.$/ $W;"*-+%5$? U$-,&, A'%A,- %$ 3,(1'-$4$ 4, %%$+3'9 6%;7/,+ %, (7,*3-$ ,% A$*' A$&T' 1$-$ C$&/%/3$-%, %$ (,('-/$ 4,% $E';' ,C,-A,*&,+3,9 :% %%'-$+3, *, &'+3-'%$S E$&, ;,*3'* -71,*3-,* &'+ %$* ($+'*9
L%+D$ =* ;"+-+ .$ =$&+" ;+%+ .+%=$ 56$%&$? I'/ $5' :6*$%' .$-*% :6$ &%+D$ &'.+>S+ ;$7+.+ "+ -+#$2+ + $5&+ ;+%&$ :6$ =$ $W*7$ -H'%*2'5 @ $=#6&*.'5? &"
Q' /' &%+D$ /+.+? Q' /' -%$' $/ "+ #6$/+ 56$%&$? J$%' &%+*7' ;$7+.+ 6/+ -+/-*8/ .$5.$ "+ =+X+/+? J$+3$ 7+$ &$+&/2+ (,%$+&2%/&$G 1,;$V'*$ ) =$/%$=%,9
4* H6#*$%+ &%+S.' +"7' H6#*$%+ 5*.' $" <'-' +H'%%+.'% .$ $/$%7S+ .$ "+ ;6$%&+ .$ =* -+5+? )$%"' =$ .+ 5$76%*.+.9 &+/ -'/5-*$/&$ :6$ "+5 -'5+5 .$#$/ .'5*<*-+%5$9 &+/ 5+#*' @ -+6&$"'5' + ;$5+% .$ 5$% 6/ <'-'? Q' /' -%$' $/ "+ #6$/+ 56$%&$G ;$%' -'/*.+ @ :6$ 58"' &*$/$ .'5 -+%+5? Q' >$/7' + $W;'/$%=$ +/&$ 65&$.$5 -'=' :6*$/ :6*$%$ 5$% &%+7+.' ;'% 6/+ #+""$/+ %'D+? '"
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
Ensayo sobre débiles
F71%,+ *7* &$-,+&/$* ) 4,C,&3'* &'+ %,+3,* ) $(1%/C/&$4'-,* 4, 1%>*3/&' 1$-$ $74/&/2+9 B+ $3$@7, 4, %%$+3'9 6%;7/,+ *, %,A$+3$ ) &'+*7,%$9 6%;7/,+ 3-$, 7+ A$*' &'+ $;7$G 4,V$ &$,- ,+ D% 7+$ 1$*3/%%$ ,C,-A,*&,+3, @7, *, 4/*7,%A,9 :% A$*' *, &$,G *, -'(1,S %'* 1-,*,+3,* (/-$+ %$ &$3>*3-'C, &$*,-$S @7,4$ 4, $@7T ,+ $4,%$+3, &'(' 7+$ 1,@7,8$ 3-$(1$ 1$-$ $&3'-,* @7, +$4/, *, $3-,A, $ %,A$+3$-9
+. NO'* 1,-*'+$V,* *'+ -,1-,*,+3$4'* 1'- %$* %,3-$* WGXGYGZG[9Q 6%;7/,+ *, %,A$+3$ */+ (,4/- &'+*,&7,+&/$*G 1,+*$+4' @7, ,* E'-$ 4, &'(,+.$- ' 3,-(/+$-9 :01,-/(,+3$ ,*3$- *'%'G */+ ('3/A'G $% &,+3-' 4, %$* (/-$4$*9 \3-' *, %,A$+3$G *, */,+3$ C-,+3, $% @7, '&71$ ,% &,+3-' 4, %$* (/-$4$*G ,+ $4,&7$4$ '1'*/&/2+ 1$-$ %$ &'+C-'+3$&/2+ ' ,% E$%%$.;'G &'(1%,3$+4' ,% $+3/;7' ) &'+'&/4' V7,;'9 B+' /+/&/$ ,% E$=%$S %$ 1$4,&,G %$ *7C-,S -,1/3, ) ,+*$)$ %$ %T+,$ E$*3$ ,+&'+3-$- ,% 3'+' $4,&7$4'9 ("
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
L$ .$5$' 6/+ >*.+ +"#*/+9 :6$ .B $" $<$-&' .$ >$D$2 +/&$5 .$ &*$=;'? L$ .$5$' $" =*$.' .$ "'5 =+/5'5 @ "+ */D6%*+ .$ "'5 .B#*"$5?
6
Ensayo sobre débiles
)"
N$5$' :6$ /+.*$ ;6$.+ .+%&$ 6/ #6$/ -'/5$D'9 $W-$;&' "'5 .$-$;-*'/+.'5 @ "'5 /$-*'5G @ :6$ $""'59 :6$%*B/.'&$ H+-$% 6/ =+"9 &$%=*/$/ ;'% ='5&%+%&$ $" .*
L$ .$5$' :6$ .6%+/&$ $" .S+ $5;$%$5 "' :6$ 58"' ;6$.$ >$/*% .$ /'-H$ @ :6$V *"
Q' :6*$%' */&$%%6=;*%? Q' :6*$%' .$-*% +"7' .$ >$%.+.9 5*/ <*/7*% /+.+? R7/,+ /+3,--7(1, *, $&,-&$9 :% 1-/(,-' ,+ E$=%$- %, *,4, *7 ,*1$&/' ) *, 1'+, V7+3' $% *,;7+4'9 R7/,+ /+3,--7(1, E$=%$ &'+ ,% $/-, 3T(/4' 4, @7/,+ &-,, E$&,- 1<=%/&$(,+3, %' &'--,&3'9 O'* *,8$%$ &'+ $&7*$&/2+ *'*3,+/4$ ) 4D=/%9 P-,A, %%7A/$ ,03,-/'-9 R7/.> 7+ C$%*' A/,+3'9
Z6$ 56 +"=+ -+*7+ $/ "'5 &%+&'5 56-*'5 .$ 6/+ =+"+ -'-*/$%+G :6$ + <6$7' "$/&' $""+ $>+;'%$ $" 56$X' .$ 65&$.$5? Z6$ 565 =+/'5 5$+/ 6/ -6"&*>' .$ $5-+=+5 56-*+5 $/ "+5 :6$ /+.+ -%$-$ @ ;'% "+5 :6$ &'.' "' H'/$5&' %$5#+"+? T5&' "$5 .$5$'9 ;'%:6$ +" =+".$-*% .$5&%6@$/ /6$5&%' =6/.'G :6$ /' $5 7%+/ -'5+G :6$ $5 <*--*8/ &$+&%+"G :6$ +" <*/+" .$" .S+ $5&+%1 '">*.+.' ;'% &'.'5 "'5 ;%$5$/&$5G ;$%' :6$ $5 $" A/*-' "67+% :6$ &$/$='5 ;+%+ >$/*% + H+#"+%"$5 @ :6$ $""'5 /'5 $5-6-H$/? O' $5 D65&' :6$ "'5 5$%$5 :6$ /$-$5*&+/ 6/ ;'-' .$ -'=;+5*8/ $5-6-H$/ + "'5 :6$ /' -%$$='5 $/ "+ 56$%&$? I'/ [5$%$5 :6$ /$-$5*&+/ -'=;+5*8/\ =$ %$<*$%' + "+5 ;+%$.$59 +" ;*5'9 + /6$5&%'5 2+;+&'5 @ + "+ %';+ */&$%*'%G + &'.'5 +:6$""'5 :6$ ;%$<$%*%S+/ $5&+% $/ '&%+ ;+%&$9 5'5&$/*$/.' '&%'5 -6$%;'59 $5-6-H+/.' ;"$7+%*+5 ' -H*5&$5 $/ >$2 .$ =+".*-*'/$5? T/ $" $5-$/+%*' 58"' .$#$%S+ $W*5&*% 6/+ */<*/*&+ =*5$%*-'%.*+ ;+%+ "' :6$ $5-6-H+ @ /' ;6$.$ .$<$/.$%5$9 ;+%+ "' :6$ /' ;6$.$ *%5$ + '&%' "67+% ;'% 5S =*5=' -'=' ;6$.$/ H+-$%"' "'5 $5;$-&+.'%$5? Q +"7' .$ ;*$.+. ;+%+ $""'5 &+=#*B/? O' H+/ .$D+.' 56 -+5+9 /* H+/ +;+7+.' 565 -$"6"+%$5 :6$.+/.' */-'=6/*-+.'5 -'/ 565 5$%$5 +=+.'5 :6$ ;6$.$/ /$-$5*&+%"$59 ;+%+ >$/*% + $5-6-H+% =+".*-*'/$5? T/ $" &$+&%' 58"' .$#$ 5$=#%+%5$ $" 5$/&*=*$/&' .$ -'/<*+/2+ $/ $" <6&6%'? T" 5$/&*=*$/&' .$ :6$ &'.'59 &'.'59 &+%.$ ' &$=;%+/'9 &$/.%$='5 6/+ ;'%-*8/ .$ #$""$2+ :6$ /'5 +=+%1 */-'/.*-*'/+"=$/&$? ! $5' H$='5 >$/*.'9 + H+-$% 6/ ;+-&' .$ #6$/+ >'"6/&+. -'/ "+ 56$%&$9 + -%$$% :6$ $""+ /'5 5$%1 <*$"9 5*/ 5+#$% -8=' <6/-*'/+9 + &$/$% <$9 +6/:6$ /'5 &%+*-*'/$ 6/+ @ '&%+ >$2? 4* ;6.*$%+9 H+%S+ ""'>$% .$/&%' .$ 565 -'%+2'/$59 .$ 565 ;6"='/$5 @ .$ 565 $5&8=+7'5 ;+%+ :6$ %$>$%.$-*$%+/? O6$5&%' -6$%;' ;'% .$/&%' /6/-+ H+ 5$/&*.' "+ "62 5'"+%?
7
Ensayo sobre débiles
B+$ 1,@7,8$ ($*&'3$ *, ,*&$1$ 4,% ='%*/%%' 4, @7/,+ E$=%$9 :* &$137-$4$ ) 4,A7,%3$ $ *7 ,*&'+4/3,9 O$ C$%*$ %%7A/$ ) ,% C$%*' A/,+3' &,*$+9 O'* 4'* ($%4,&/4'* *, E$=%$+ ,+ *,&-,3'9 J'(1%/&/4$4,* 4, ;,*3' ) -/*$9 \=*,-A$+ $ @7/,+ /+3,--7(1/2 &'(' $ 7+$ =,*3/$ /+'C,+*/A$9 ("
,+".S-$"+ &A? )"
O'9 =+".S-$"+ &A9 @' @+ H$ &$/*.' .$=+5*+.+ =+"+ 56$%&$? O' >'@ + $=;$'%+%=$ =15 "+ >*.+? ("
Q' &+=#*B/ H$ &$/*.' =+"+ 56$%&$9 5'#%$ &'.' -'/ "+5 =6D$%$5? T""+5 5$ .+/ -6$/&+ =6@ %1;*.' :6$ &$/7' =+"+ =$='%*+ @ =$ +#+/.'/+/? P+5 =6D$%$5 +=+/ "+ #6$/+ =$='%*+ ;'%:6$ :6*$%$/ 5$% %$-'%.+.+5 ;'% 5*$=;%$? )"
T5&15 =*/&*$/.'? I'/<*B5+"'9 $5&15 +-&6+/.'9 .*-*$/.' =$/&*%+5? ("
4S $5&'@ =*/&*$/.'9 ;$%' $5 :6$ +=' &+/&' $5+ =$/&*%+? 48"' :6$ +A/ /' "+ H$ $/5+@+.' #*$/ @ &'.+>S+ 5$ =$ /'&+ =6-H'? P+ >$%.+. $5 :6$ -%$' &'&+"=$/&$ $/ $5+ -'5+ .$ :6$ &'.'5 &$/$='5 6/ .'#"$? ]/+ ;$%5'/+ .$5-'/'-*.+ :6$ 5*/ 5+#$%"' .$;$/.$ .$ /6$5&%'5 +-&'5 ;+%+ 5$% <$"*29 *76+" :6$ /'5'&%'5 .$;$/.$='5 .$ "'5 56@'5? ,$ 5*$/&' %$5;'/5+#"$ ;'% $""+9 +6/:6$ /' "+ H+@+ >*5&' /6/-+? O' :6*$%' .$-*% '&%+ =+".*-*8/ @ +%%6*/+%"$ =15 "+ >*.+? T5' $5 &'.'? )"
LA :6$ "' >$5 .$ <%$/&$ ^=*$/&$_ *"
O'? 465 'D'5 #%*""+/? R7/,+ 4,*&'+CT$ *, &'%'&$ C-,+3, $% '3-' ) 3-7,+$ %'* 4,4'* C-,+3, $ *7* 'V'*9 +"
O' &%6$/$5 "'5 .$.'59 ;'% <+>'%? T5' $5 5'#$%#*+9 6/+ =+".*-*8/ .$ =+/'? )"
O' 5$+5 56;$%5&*-*'5+?
8
Ensayo sobre débiles
+"
L%'/+% "'5 .$.'5 $5 "+ *=*&+-*8/ :6$ 5$ H+-$ -'/ "+ =+/' .$ 6/ %$"1=;+7' :6$ -+$ @ :6$=+ "+ &*$%%+? F, 3-7,+$+ %'* 4,4'* 4, +7,A'9
O6/-+ -+$ 6/ %+@' $/ 6/ =*5=' "67+% ;$%' 5$ "$ ;6$.$/ &%'/+% "'5 .$.'5 + "+ =*5=+ ;$%5'/+ H+5&+ :6$ 5$ =6$%+? T5+ $5 6/+ <+"&+ .$ =*5$%*-'%.*+ :6$ /* "+ /+&6%+"$2+ &*$/$? )"
`$;S&$"'9 &$/$='5 :6$ 5+#$% 5* =*$/&$5? 4* =*$/&$59 &A "+ =+".*-$5? 4* /'9 @' "+ =+".*7'? T""+9 :6$ &$ >$ .$ <%$/&$9 .$-*.$? ,"
R+@ -'5+5 :6$ /' 5$ ;%$5&+/ + D6$7' /* 5*:6*$%+ $/ $" &$+&%'? )"
J$%' +:6S /' $5&+='5 $/ $" &$+&%'? R+#"+? #-'+$- 4, 4,4'*9 ("
P+ >$%.+. $5 :6$ -%$' &'&+"=$/&$ $/ $5+ -'5+ .$ :6$ &'.'5 &$/$='5 6/ .'#"$? ]/+ ;$%5'/+ .$5-'/'-*.+ :6$ 5*/ 5+#$%"' .$;$/.$ .$ /6$5&%'5 +-&'5 ;+%+ 5$% <$"*29 *76+" :6$ /'5'&%'5 .$;$/.$='5 .$ "'5 56@'5? ,$ 5*$/&' %$5;'/5+#"$ ;'% $""+9 +6/:6$ /' "+ H+@+ >*5&' /6/-+? O' :6*$%' .$-*% '&%+ =+".*-*8/ @ +%%6*/+%"$ =15 "+ >*.+? T5' $5 &'.'? *"
O' =*$/&$? )"
T/&'/-$5 @' ;*$%.'9 @' =+".*7'? O' *=;'%&+9 H+-$ 6/+ "*/.+ /'-H$ ;+%+ -'=$% H$"+.' @ ;+%+ +%%6*/+%5$ =15 "+5 +%%67+5 .$ "+ -+%+? +"
J$%' :6B +"=+ .$ =+;+-H$9 :6B '5-6%*.+. .$ =*%+.+? )"
^Q :6B ;6$.' H+-$%_ +:6S H+@ :6$ 7+/+%5$ "+ >*.+ ;$%.*B/.'"+? 4* /' $5&6>*B%+='5 =6$%&'5 .$ H+=#%$ /' /'5 ;%$5&+%S+='5 + $5&'5 D6$7'5? ,"
O' "' H+7+? 9
Ensayo sobre débiles
4*$=;%$ ;6$.$ *=;%'>*5+%5$ 6/+ =$/&*%+G ;$%' &'.+ =+".*-*8/9 +6/:6$ 5$+ <*-&*-*+9 $5 >$%.+.$%+? :% @7, A$ $ ($%4,&/- A,+&, *7* 1-'1/$* 4/C/&7%3$4,* 1$-$ E$=%$-9 ^,1/3, ) ,+*$)$ *7 1-/(,-$ %T+,$ E$*3$ ,+&'+3-$- ,% 3'+' $4,&7$4'9 )"
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
Z6$ -+.+ -%*=*/+" */>$/&$ "+ "$@ :6$ .$#$ D627+%"' @ :6$ -+.+ H'=#%$ */'-$/&$ 5$+ D627+.' ;'% -%*=*/+"$5? Z6$ 5$ &$/7+ =*$.' .$ =*%+% "+5 $5&%$""+5 @ :6$ +:6$""'5 :6$ +"-+/-$/ + =*%+% $" =+% 58"' ;6$.+/ ;$/5+% :6$ $5 6/ -*$"' .$<'%=$ :6$ 5$ +%%+5&%+? Z6$ /6$5&%+ <+"&+ .$ *=+7*/+-*8/ 5$+ 6/+ ;%*5*8/ "' 56<*-*$/&$=$/&$ 7%+/.$ -'=' ;+%+ 5$/&*%/'5 -8='.'5 $/ $""+? T5' .$5$' ;+%+ /'5'&%'59 "'5 :6$ .$5&%6*='5 $" =6/.' -'/ "' :6$ .$-*='5? Z6$ "'5 :6$ /'5 $5-6-H+/ /'5 ;$%.'/$/ +/&$5 .$ =+".$-*%/'5? +. aR7/,+ 3'&$ %$ &$(1$+$G 4, 3,03'* /+$74/=%,* ,* 4,+'(/+$4' &'(' _Q F/ %'* 3,03'* *, ,*&7&E$->+G *, ,*&7&E$-T$ %' */;7/,+3,L /0
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
Ensayo sobre débiles
:% *'+/4' 3,-(/+$9
+. ,"
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
R+@ :6$ .+% ;+5' + "+5 /6$>+5 7$/$%+-*'/$59 :6$ >+@+/ $""+5 5'"+5 + 56 -+&15&%'<$? T5' =$ .*7' -6+/.' =$ 5*$/&' >*$D'? ("
4* /' &$/$='5 <$ $/ $5'5 ;$:6$X'5 %*&6+"$5 :6$ 5+">+/ + "+ 7$/&$9 ;'.$='5 -+5&*7+% + +"76*$/? +"
O'? )"
O'? *"
^Z6*$%$/ :6$ &%+*7+ 6/ .*--*'/+%*'_ +"
R+@ :6$ $"$7*% + 6/' .$ /'5'&%'5 ;+%+ -+5&*7+%"'? N$#$ 5$% $" :6$ $5&B =15 .*5;6$5&' + H+-$% $" #*$/9 .$ $5' 5S =$ +-6$%.'? ("
^Z6*B/ $5&1 =15 .*5;6$5&' + H+-$% $" #*$/_ F/%,+&/' ) 1,@7,8'* ,(17V'+,* ,+3-, %'* 1-,*,+3,*9 )"
I6+/.' 6/' 5$ ;'/$ .$=+5*+.' .*5;6$5&' + H+-$% $" #*$/ $5 ;'%:6$ 5+#$ :6$ 5$ $5&1 =6%*$/.'? P'5 >$-*/'5 :6$ /'5 :6*$%$/ .$#$%S+/ .+% +>*5' + "'5 =B.*-'5 -6+/.' /'5 ;'/$='5 =15 5$%>*-*+"$5 .$ "' /'%=+"? ," 11
Ensayo sobre débiles
J'.$='5 -+5&*7+% + +"76*$/ .$" ;A#"*-'? ?/-$4$* $% 1<=%/&'G /(1,-3/+,+3,* ) 4, ,*&$-+/'9 ("
O'9 +:6S .$/&%' "'5 H+=#%*$/&'5 5$ 5*$/&+/ ;%*=$%' + "+ =$5+ @ 5$ ""$>+/ ;%*=$%' +" ;+&S#6"'? !""1 +<6$%+ ;6$.$ 5$% "' :6$ 5$+9 ;$%' +:6S 5$ %$5;$&+/ "+5 #6$/+5 -'5&6=#%$5? )"
T/&'/-$5 :6$ $" ;A#"*-' $"*D+ + 6/' .$ /'5'&%'5? O' $5 D65&'9 ;$%' 5S =6@ &$+&%+"? F/%,+&/' 1$-$ =7*&$- %$ $1-'=$&/2+ 4,% 1<=%/&'G 7+$ 1,3/&/2+ V7*3/C/&$=%,9 ("
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
Y*$/9 $/&'/-$59 "+ $"$--*8/ .$ 6/ -6";+#"$M ]/'? N'5? L%$5? :% U<=%/&' ,%/V, $ $%;7/,+9 NF/ ,% 1<=%/&' 4,&/4, +' *,8$%$- $ +$4/,G ,+3'+&,* ,% ,%,;/4' *, 4,V$ $ %$ %/=-, /+3,-1-,3$&/2+ 4, $%;<+ ;,*3' ' (T+/(' ('A/(/,+3' 4, $%;<+ ,*1,&3$4'- 4,% @7, 17,4$ /+C,-/-*, 7+$ ,%,&&/2+9Q
+. :% ,%,;/4' 3-$3$ 4, E7/-G ,* 4,3,+/4' $ %$ C7,-.$ &'+ 3D&+/&$* */(1%,*G A$-/$* 4, ,%%$* C$%%/4$* @7, &'+ ,+*$)' ) ,--'- *, A7,%A,+ ,C/&$&,*9 61$;$4' 4, %$ (>@7/+$ 4, $%;'4'+,* 4, $.<&$-9 :% ,%,;/4' ,* 4,*1'V$4' 4, *7* -'1$*9 :+ 7+$ .'+$ '*&7-$ ,* &$*3/;$4'9 :+ 7+$ .'+$ 4, 1,+7(=-$ $%;7/,+ -,.$ ' &$+3$ 1'- D%9
+. #,-(/+$4' ,% &$*3/;' ,% 4'%/,+3, *, A/*3,G '&7%3$ %$ A,-;`,+.$ 4, *7 &7,-1' ;'%1,$4'9 :+&,+4/4' 4, %$ (>@7/+$ 4, $%;'4'+,* 4, $.<&$-9 :% 4'%/,+3, *$%, 4,% ,*1$&/' ) A7,%A, &'+ 7+$ &$+$*3$ 4, 1$+,* 47%&,*9 12
Ensayo sobre débiles
("
P'5 ;$:6$X'5 ;"+-$%$5 5$""+/ +-6$%.'5 .6%+.$%'5 $/&%$ "+ 7$/&$? O' =15 -+5&*7'59 /' =15 =+".*-*'/$59 $" =6/.' $5 '&%+ >$2 6/ "67+% -"+%' @ .6"-$? F, 1$*$ 7+ 1$+ 4,% @7, &$4$ @7/,+ 3'($ 7+ 1,4$.'9 :% 1$+ ,* 47-'G *, (/;$V,$ ,% 1/*'9 F, =,=, $;7$ ,+ &7,+&'* 4, ($4,-$ A/,V$9
+. ?$+'* ) &$=,.$* =$V$*G ,*3$(1$ =7&2%/&$ 4, 1'=-,.$ &'(1$-3/4$G '-$&/2+ *,+&/%%$ 1$-$ $;-$4,&,,% 1$+9
+. F'+/4' =-,A, 4, 7+$ 1,@7,8$ &$(1$+$9 :% 1$+ *, -,('V$ ,+ &$%4'* */(1%,* ) *, &'(,9 F, =,=,+ 4,*3/%$4'* ) C7,-3,* =,=/4$* ,(=-/$;$+3,*9 F, $&$-/&/$ $%;7+$ ($*&'3$ A/,V$ ) 4,1,+4/,+3,9 6&'(1$8$(/,+3' 4, -$4/' A/,V'9 O$ &'(/4$ *, &'(1$-3, &'+ %'* 1-,*,+3,* @7, 3,+;$+ E$(=-, ' *,49
+. )"
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
I8=' 5$ $/.6%$-$ -'/ "'5 +X'5 "+ */&$"*7$/-*+? O+.+ =15 H+@ :6$ $5-6-H+%&$ H+#"+% ;+%+ .+%5$ -6$/&+ "' >$%.+.$%+ :6$ ;6$.$ 5'/+% "+ $/>*.*+9 @ /' 5$ ;6$.$ "+>+% =$&*$/.' 6/ &%+;' ;'% 6/+ '%$D+ @ 5+-1/.'"' ;'% "+ '&%+?
13
Ensayo sobre débiles
,"
4$ ;6$.$? Q' .$ /*X' ;'.S+? ("
O' 5$ ;6$.$9 /' $5&1 $/ "+ -+#$2+? +"
L+%&+=6.$+5 -'=' 6/ "'%'? I'=' $" :6$ &$/S+='5 +/&$5 :6$ =$ +#+/.'/+%+5 ^&$ +-6$%.+5_ ("
Z6B ;'-+ "$+"&+. .$ ;$/5+=*$/&' ^;'% :6B /' &$ :6$.+5 -+""+.+_ 6%;7/,+ 3'($ 7+$ *,-A/%%,3$ ) 1-7,=$ ('4'* 1$-$ %/(1/$-*, %$ /+3,%/;,+&/$9 +"
J'%:6$ "$ $5&'@ +7+%%+/.' $" 765&' + H+#"+%G +;$/+59 *76+" :6$ + -6*.+% >*$D'5 @ + .'%=*% $/ H'%+%*'5 .$ &%+#+D'? )"
L'.+ "+ H6=+/*.+. .$#$%S+ ;%$'-6;+%5$ ;'% :6$ /' H+@+ /+.*$ .$ ;*$9 =*$/&%+5 $W*5&+ $" ;$"*7%' .$ :6$ '&%' 5$ +-$%:6$ + "+=$% 565 ;%'&$S/+5 .*+%*+5 $/ "+ 56$"+ .$ 565 2+;+&'5? ("
T5&15 H+#"+/.' .$ /+.+9 $5-'7$ 6/ &$=+? O'5'&%'5 &$ $5-6-H+='59 ;$%' $5-'7$ 6/ &$=+? )"
4$ =$ $5&1 -+7+/.' "+ >*.+ $5$ $5 $" &$=+? N$ &'.' $5&' @ .$ 5*$=;%$ $5 $" =*5=' &$=+9 @ $/ $5$ &$=+ -+#$ &'.'? [^J'% :6B /' .*-$5 <%+5$5 <$"*-$5_\ =$ .*-$ =* =+.%$? [O' 5B\ "$ .*7' [&A -'/5*B/&$=$ :6$ ;+%+ $5' $%$5 =* =+.%$\? +"
Z6B #'-+ .$ ;'">+%$.+ &*$/$5? )"
J'%:6$ + 6/+ =+.%$ /' 5$ "$ .*-$ [4$ =$ $5&1 -+7+/.' "+ >*.+ =+.%$9 5$ =$ $5&1 >'">*$/.' */5';'%&+#"$9 @ &A $%$5 =* =+.%$ @ ;'% $5' /' ;6$.$5 .+%=$ /* 5*:6*$%+ 6/ #6$/ -'/5$D'? LA 58"' .*-$5M [&%+&+ .$ .'%=*% &'.'5 "'5 .S+5 $/ 6/+ ;'5*-*8/ .*<$%$/&$\? +"
!H9 $5' $5 #6$/'9 &$%+;*+ .$ -'5&6=#%$5? I+=#*+5 .$ -'5&6=#%$5 -+=#*+5 .$ >*.+? )" 14
Ensayo sobre débiles
,* =+.%$ /' 5+#$ .$ $5+5 -'5+59 $5 %A5&*-+9 6/+ =+.%$ -"15*-+ @ %$7'%.$&+9 ;'% $5' /' ;6$.' .$-*%"$ [5$ =$ $5&1 -+7+/.' "+ >*.+ =+.%$\? R+@ :6$ -'/5$%>+% 6/ =S/*=' .$ -'=;+5*8/ ;'% "'5 5$%$5 :6$ H+/ -%$+.' >*.+ .$ >$%.+.? +"
L+=;'-' &$ +&%$>*5&$ + ;'.+% "'5 1%#'"$5 .$ "'5 >$-*/'5 -'/ <'%=+5 .$ +/*=+"$5 ^L$ +-6$%.+5_ R+@ :6$ #$5&*+"*2+% +" =6/.' .$-S+59 @ @' &$ -%$S+? T%+ &+/ $5&A;*.+? ("
R+#"+5 -'=' 5* <6B%+='5 + -'=;+.$-$%&$? )"
Q' 5'@ 6/+ #%'=+? N*7+/ 5'#%$ =S "' :6$ :6*$%+/? ("
Y6$/' Y%'=+ ^T/&'/-$5 ;+%+ :6B /'5 %$6/*5&$ + &'.'5 .*-*$/.' :6$ $%+ 6%7$/&$_ J+%+ :6B /'5 +=$/+2+5 .*-*$/.' :6$ H+#%S+ -*$/&'5 .$ ;$%5'/+5? [L$5&*7'5\ .*D*5&$9 [H+#%1 -*$/&'5 .$ &$5&*7'5\ @ =*%+9 $""'5 /' ""$7+/ /* + -6+%$/&+ b ^J+%+ :6B /'5 ""+=+5_ Q +5S .$ =+"+ =+/$%+9 -'/ ;%*5+? +"
J'%:6$ $5&1 58"' -'=' 6/ $5&'%/6.' @ &*$/$ =*$.' + "+ =6$%&$? )"
)'@ + .$-S%5$"'59 ;$%' +/&$5 :6*$%' :6$ /'5 ;$%.'/$='5 &'.' 6/'5 + '&%'5? P' =+"' :6$ /'5 H*-*='5 @ "' =+"' :6$ /'5 >+='5 + H+-$%? 4* /'5 ;$%.'/+='5 &'.'9 "$5 .*7'? ^O'5 ;$%.'/+='5_ +"
O'5 ;$%.'/+='5? 48"' ;'% -6%*'5*.+. .$ "' :6$ >+5 + .$-*%9 ;$%' /'5 ;$%.'/+='5? ("
4S9 /'5 ;$%.'/+='5? +. :% @7, A$ $ 4,&/-%' *$%, 4,% ,*1$&/'9 *"
4$ =$ +/&'D8 -'=$% +/76*"+5? +"
!@ :6B +5-'? b
OA=$%' "*7$%+=$/&$ =+@'% +" /A=$%' .$ $5;$-&+.'%$5 $/ "+ ;%$5$/&+-*8/? 15
Ensayo sobre débiles
,"
P+5 $"B-&%*-+5 5'/ +<%'.*5*+-+5? Q+ /+.*$ >+"'%+ "' :6$ /6&%$ .$ >$%.+.? ]7,%A, ,% @7, A$ $ 4,&/-%' 3'4'9
+. )"
T" ;6/&' $5 :6$ /'5'&%'59 .6%+/&$ +X'59 /'5 H$='5 .$5&%6*.' "+ >*.+ 6/'5 + '&%'5 5*/ 5+#$% $" ='&*>'9 5*/ /* 5*:6*$%+ ;'.$% .*5<%6&+% $" ;'% :6B? Q' H$ H$-H' 6/ %*76%'5' $W+=$/ .$ -'/5-*$/-*+ @ +H'%+ -%$' 5+#$% "'5 ='&*>'5 :6$ =$ */.6D$%'/ + $5&$ -'=;'%&+=*$/&'? F<65-+.' ;'% =*5 ;"+/$5 .$ 5$% 6/ +%&*5&+ %$-'/'-*.'9 .$5;%$-*B &'.' 5$/&*=*$/&' :6$ =$ H$%=+/+#+ -'/ $" =6/.'? Q' $%+ 6/+ #$5&*+ .'=+.+ :6$ + &%+>B5 .$ "'5 &%6-'5 +;%$/.*.'5 -%$$ :6$ ;6$.$ -'/&%'"+% + 56 .'=+.'%? !5S 5'/ "+5 ;$%5'/+5 :6$ :6*$%$/ 5$% +"76*$/9 $5&+<+#"$5 ;'% $""+5 =*5=+5 + =+/'5 -$%%+.+5 -'=' .$-S+ 6/ "+.%8/ */&$"*7$/&$? Q H+-$ 6/'5 .S+5 =$ .'@ -6$/&+ :6$ $5&'@ >*$D' @ :6$ $" =6/.' /' =$ /$-$5*&+G :6$ /' =$ */&$%$5+ @+ "' ;'%'5' .$ =* -+%+ 5*/' "' ;'%'5' .$ =*5 H6$5'5? Q =$ .*7'M H+2 6/ /$7'-*' -'/ "+ 7$/&$ :6$ +=+5&$9 H+2 .*/$%' -'/ $""'5 @ .$D+ "+ >*.+? R+2 .*/$%' @ &$%=*/+ =6$%&' .$ <'%=+ H'/%'5+9 =6$%&' $/ 6/+ ;$"$+ .$ #'W -"+/.$5&*/+9 ;'% $D$=;"'9 :6$ $5 6/+ .$ "+5 ;'-+5 <'%=+5 .$ ='%*% H'/%+.+=$/&$ @ -'/ -*$%&' H$%'*5=' :6$ :6$.+/ $/ /6$5&%'5 .S+5? +"
^Q :6B /$7'-*' $5_ )"
Y6$/'9 $5 6/' */<+"*#"$ :6$ ;'.$='5 %$+"*2+% -'/ BW*&' +5$76%+.'? 4* $5&1/ .$ +-6$%.' -"+%'? ("
^J'.%S+5 .$-*%"' @+ ;'% <+>'%_ )"
Y6$/'9 $" /$7'-*' $5 -%$+% 6/+ $5;$-*$ .$ +7$/-*+ :6$ */>$/&$ %$"*7*'/$59 ' +5$5'%+% + 7$/&$ ;+%+ :6$ 5$ -'/>*$%&+ $/ 76%A ' 76S+ $5;*%*&6+"? !.$=15 .$ -%$+% 6/ 5$%>*-*' ;+%+ -'/&$5&+% -+%&+5 .*%*7*.+5 + 7%+/.$5 *"6=*/+.'5 :6$ @+ /' &*$/$/ &*$=;' ;+%+ "$$%"+5 &'.+5 @ %$5;'/.$%"+5? T5 */-%$S#"$ "+ -+/&*.+. .$ 7$/&$ :6$ /$-$5*&+ %$5;6$5&+5? U,@7,8$ 1$+3'(/($ 4,% 1$*' ) (7,-3, 4, 7+ ('*@7/3'9
^Z6B "$5 ;+%$-$_
16
Ensayo sobre débiles
*"
J$%' $5' $5 =$/&*%? )"
4S9 5S9 @+ "' 5B? J$%' "+ >$%.+. /' H+ &%+S.' "+ <$"*-*.+.? P"1=$/"' -'=' :6*$%+/9 ;$%' 5* -'/ 6/+ =$/&*%+ ' 6/+ +--*8/ +#56%.+ ;6$.' H+-$% :6$ "+ 7$/&$ /' ;*$%.+ "+ <$ $/ :6$ 6/ .S+ "$ &'-+%1 6/ ;$.+2' ;%';*' .$ #$""$2+ :6$ "+ +=+%1 */-'/.*-*'/+"=$/&$9 +" <*/ .$ =* .S+9 ;6$.' >'">$% 5$/&*% 6/ ;'-' .$ '%76""' ;'% =S? L'.'5 65&$.$59 &'.' "' .$=159 58"' =$ H+ H$-H' 5$/&*% =*5$%+#"$? ("
^T5$ $5 $" /$7'-*'_ ,"
Z6*$%$5 :6$ .*7+='5 =$/&*%+5 + ;$%5'/+5 */.$<$/5+5? )"
Y6$/' $5 6/+ ;%*=$%+ *.$+9 ;'.$='5 .*5-6&*%"+? +. 6%;7/,+ &'(/,+.$ $ ;'%1,$- $ $@7,% 4, %$* "1-/(,-$* /4,$*59 Z+3,+3'* 4, *,1$-$&/2+ A$+'*9 X-/3'* ) 1,@7,8$ ;7,--$ &$*,-$9 *"
O'9 /'? T/ $" &$+&%' .$#$ %$*/+% 5*$=;%$ "+ =*5$%*-'%.*+ @ $" $/&$/.*=*$/&' -'=' <'%=+ .$ */5;*%+% +" %$5&' .$ "+ H6=+/*.+. ;+%+V W$%*$ ) 3,$3-$% &'+*3-7&&/2+ $ 'V'* 4, %'* ,*1,&3$4'-,* 4, 7+$ 1,%,$ *$+;-/,+3$9 J'+3-'% C/+$% 4, %'* @7, 1,%,$+ &'+ (D3'4'* 1'%/&/$&'*L ;$*G $;7$ $ 1-,&/*/2+ ' ;'%1,* &'+ ,*&74'* 4, 1'- (,4/'9 F,1$-$&/2+ 4, %'* &'(=$3/,+3,*9
+. ("
LA9 &A '&%+ >$29 /'5 $/7+X+5&$? )"
O'9 /' $5 $/7+X'? 48"' =* ;$%5'/+" >$%5*8/ .$ "+ >$%.+.? ("
Q' H6#*$%+ .+.' "'5 ='=$/&'5 <$"*-$5 .$ =* >*.+ ;'% &*? Q &A9 &A =6$%.$5 =*5 $5;$%+/2+5? 17
Ensayo sobre débiles
*"
O'5 $/7+X+5&$? Q + &'.'5 $5&'5? )"
O'9 + $""'5 &+=#*B/ "'5 >'@ + */>*&+% +" /$7'-*'? N$ H$-H' @+ */>*%&*$%'/9 $" #'"$&' :6$ ;+7+%'/ ;'% >$%/'5 H'@ $5 56 ;%*=$%+ +;'%&+-*8/? ,"
Q' &$/7' 6/+ *.$+ :6$ 5S .$D+ .*/$%'? ("
LA +&*$/.$ +" <%+-+5' .$ &6 >*.+ @ -*$%%+ "+ #'-+? !:6S /+.*$ >+ + H+-$% /$7'-*' + ;+%&*% .$ $5&+ ;'#%$ 7$/&$? Q' =$ $/-+%7' :6$ + &'.'5 5$ "$5 .$>6$">+ 56 .*/$%'? *"
J$%' /' ;'.$='59 >*>*='5 .$ 56 .*/$%'? ("
J6$5 /' >*>*='5 =15 .$ 56 .*/$%' @ +5S +-+#+='5 .$ ='%*%/'5 @ .$ .+% "15&*=+? +"
LA /'5 &%+D*5&$ -'/ =$/&*%+5? )"
P'5 &%+D$ -'=' 5$ ""$>+ + 6/ $"$<+/&$ H+5&+ $" -$/&%' .$ "+ &*$%%+? T5+ /' $5 6/+ =$/&*%+? *"
]/+ =$/&*%+ /'9 ;$%' 6/+ $5&6;*.$2 5S? ("
L'.'5 >$/*='5 ;'%:6$ &$/S+='5 <$ $/ &* @ &A &$ ;'/$5 + H+-$% %*.S-6"'5 >$%#+"$5? ,"
T%$5 6/+ #$5&*+9 6/ -+%+-'" .$ /6.'5? X-/3' $;74' ) 1-'%'+;$4'9 *"
!"76*$/ <6$ -+5&*7+.' ;+%+ :6$ ;6.*B%+='5 $5&+% $/ +%='/S+ ^Z6B $5' /' *=;'%&+_ ^L+/ ;'-' >+"$ $" .'"'% .$ "'5 .$=15_ ,"
18
Ensayo sobre débiles
Q' @+ "' >$S+ >$/*%9 "'5 .'5 $5-%*#$/ 6/ ;'-' "+.$+.' H+-*+ "+ *2:6*$%.+9 /$-$5*.+. .$ +&$/-*8/ @ %$-'/'-*=*$/&'? +"
)+@+/ + "*=;*+%5$ @ + .+% 6/+ >6$"&+9 + H+#"+% +<6$%+9 >+@+/9 -+=*/$/ ;'% "'5 ;+5*""'5 @ -6B/&$/5$ */&*=*.+.$5 H+5&+ :6$ >6$">+/ + 5$% +=*7'5? ("
Q' /' ;6$.' 5$% +=*7' .$ +"76*$/ ;'"S&*-+=$/&$ #*;'"+%? )"
!H @+ 5+"*8 $" '5&*8/ */5&%6*.' :6$ :6*$%$ 5+">+% +" =6/.'? +"
Z6B >$%7c$/2+? )+='59 <6$%+9 + ;+5$+% @ + ='%.$%5$ .*<$%$/-*+5? +. O'* @7, 4/*&73,+ *'+ *$&$4'* &'(' */ %'* ,*37A/,-$+ (,3/,+4' $ *7 &'--$%9 O'* ,+,(/*3$4'* *$%,+ 4/*&73/,+4'9
+. ,"
Q ;$/5+% :6$ "' *.$+"*2+#+9 :6$ "' $/>*.*+#+ -'=' + 6/ H'/7' :6$ ;6$.$ >*>*% -'=;"$&+=$/&$ 5'"'? R+@ :6$ >$% "' :6$ H+-$ /6$5&%+ *=+7*/+-*8/ ;+%+ 5$76*% -%$@$/.' $/ "+ 7$/&$ -'=A/ @ -'%%*$/&$? +"
Q' H$ +;%$/.*.' :6$ 58"' H+@ 6/+ -'5+ >+"*'5+ $/ :6B 7+5&+% "+ >*.+? ,"
^I61"_ +"
T/5$X+% + "'5 /*X'5 + /' -+=*/+% 5'#%$ 5S =*5='5? ,"
^Z6B H+-$='5 $/&'/-$5_ !:6S /' H+@ /*X'5? +"
O' 5B9 @' 58"' ;6$.' H+-$% 6/+ -'5+ + "+ >$2 @ +H'%+ $5&'@ $/ $5' .$ "+ .*7$5&*8/? NO'* */;7/,+3,* 3,03'* 17,4,+ *,- 4/&E'* 1'- 7+' 7 '3-' 1,-*'+$V, ,+ ,*3, '-4,+Q ," 19
Ensayo sobre débiles
LA H6$"$5 =+"? ^Z6*$%$5 :6$ &$ #+X$_ +"
T" '&'X' $5 6/+ &%+*-*8/ =+%+>*""'5+ + "+ >*.+? Q' ;6$.' +-&6+% 58"' $/ '&'X'? 61$;$4' 4, %$ (>@7/+$ 4, "$%;'4'+,* 4, $.<&$-59
+. F, /+3-'47&, 7+$ =$8,-$ 4/(/+73$9 B+ 1,@7,8' =$-&' @7, C%'3$-> ,+ ,%%$9 6C7,-$ *, ,*&7&E$ %$ 4/*&7*/2+ 4, %'* @7, E$+ *$%/4'G *7 &$(/+$-G *7 -'(1,- &'*$*9 6%;7/,+ ,* =$8$4' V7+3' &'+ *7 ($*&'3$9
+. +"
I6B/&+=$ $" ;$/5+=*$/&' :6$ =15 &$ H+@+ >$/*.' + "+ -+#$2+ .$5.$ :6$ /'5 5$;+%+='5? ,"
T5 6/+ -'5+ 5*=;"$? ,$ H$ ;$%=*&*.' +-$;&+% :6$ "'5 '.*' + &'.'5 ;%'<6/.+=$/&$? P'5 -'/'-S .$=+5*+.' #*$/ @ +-+#B ;'% '.*+%"'5? !5S $5 6/ ;'-' 5*$=;%$ ^/'_ @ $" '.*' @ $" +='% 5'/ 6/ %$-"+=' .$ ;%$5$/-*+? ]/+ $W*7$/-*+ .$ &$/$% +:6S9 <%$/&$ + 6/' "' :6$ 5$ +=+ ' 5$ '.*+ ;+%+ >$%*<*-+% :6$ 5*76$ $W*5&*$/.'9 :6$ + "' :6$ 6/' .$.*-+ &'.+ 56 >*.+ 5*76$ $W*5&*$/.'? +"
!=+5 &+/&' "' :6$ 5+"$ .$ &6 #'-+? J'% $5' /6/-+ ;6.*5&$ #$5+% .$5*/&$%$5+.+=$/&$? ,"
Q + =S /6/-+ =$ H+ 765&+.' &6 -+%+9 ;$%' .$-*%"' $5 */='%+" @ -S/*-'? L6 <$+".+. $5 "' :6$ /'5 H+ ;$%=*&*.' 5$% +=*7'5 &+/&' &*$=;' 5*/ .$5&%6*%/'5? +"
O' =$ 765&+/ "+5 ;+"+#%+5 :6$ $5-'7$5 ;+%+ */56"&+%=$? ,"
^Z6B 5$ "$ >+ + H+-$%_ 4'@ .$ "'5 -'#+%.$5 :6$ /' 5$ +&%$>$/ + H+#"+% ;"$/+=$/&$ -'=' 6/ *.*'&+? +.
20
Ensayo sobre débiles
F, *,&$ %$ ($*&'3$ &'+ 7+$ *,&$4'-$ 4, 1,%'9 F, %, 4/*C-$.$ 4, '3-' $+/($%G 7+$ ,*1,&/, &'+*/4,-$=%,(,+3, ($)'- K7+ =7--' 4, &$-;$G 7+ ,%,C$+3, 1$)$*' 4, &/-&'K9 +"
Q' &$ +='? J$%.8/9 ;$%' @+ /' +76+/&+#+ "+5 7+/+5? ,"
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
4*$=;%$ =$ H+-$5 ""'%+% -6+/.' H+#"+5 +5S? ,$ H+-$5 5$/&*% "+ -'5+ =15 $5&A;*.+ @ =15 +<'%&6/+.+ .$" =6/.' ;'% -'/'-$%&$? d/-"65' .$5.$ $" ;%*=$% .S+ :6$ &$ $5-6-HB H+#"+% @ @' $%+ +"7' 5'"' -'=' 6/ #'5&$2' + =$.*' .S+? ,"
46;'/.%B :6$ /' H+5 .*-H' /+.+ :6$ =$ :6*&$ "+ ;+2 */&$%*'%9 5*/' :6$ &$ H+5 -'/<6/.*.' -'/ $" ;+%"+=$/&' .$ '&%+ '#%+G +5S ;'.%$='5 ""$7+% +" <*/+" .$ $5&+ 5*/ &$/$% :6$ $5-+;+%/'5 D6/&'5 ' $/7+X+%/'5 -'/ +"76*$/ =15 .$" %$;+%&'? Z6$ ;'% -*$%&' &'.'5 5'/ #+5&+/&$ <$'5? +"
N$D+ :6$ &$ #$5$ -'/ "' ;'-' :6$ =$ :6$.+ .$ */<+/-*+? ,"
J+%+ :6$ "' $/&*$/.+5M 5* +H'%+ $5&6>*B%+='5 $/ 6/+ -+=+9 @' <*/7*%S+ :6$ %'/-' @ :6$ /' &$ $5-6-H'? ^T5 -"+%'_ +"
4$ $5&1 "$>+/&+/.' 6/ ;'-' .$ ""+/&' >'@ + -$%%+% "+ >$/&+/+? ,"
N$ >*$/&'9 /' .$ ""+/&'? +"
^Z6B .*D$_ ," 21
Ensayo sobre débiles
N$ ""+/&'? +"
T5' $5 "' :6$ :6$%S+ .$-*%? O' =$ &%+&$5 -'=' + 6/ =+" .*1"'7'? ,"
L$ &%+&' -'=' + "+ =+"+ %$5$X+ .$ =* >*.+? +"
I'=' %$7"+ .$ -'%&$5S+ :6$ ;'.%S+='5 */>$/&+% +H'%+ @ :6$ 58"' .6%+%S+ ;'% $5&+ /'-H$9 .$#$%S+5 .+%=$ "+ %+28/ $/ &'.' 5*/ ;$.*%=$ /+.+ + -+=#*'? ,$ H+5 .$5-+"2+.' "+ >*.+9 &*$/$5 :6$ H+-$%&$ %$5;'/5+#"$ .$ $5'? +. ]7,%A,+ %'* @7, *, E$=T$+ /4' 3'3$%(,+3, ('V$4'*G )$ */+ -$*3-'* *$+;-/,+3'*9 )"
!A/ /' H$='5 +%%$7"+.' /6$5&%+5 .*<$%$/-*+59 ;$%' H$='5 ""$7+='5 + 6/+ -'/-"65*8/ 5'#%$ "' :6$ 5*7/*<*-+ 5$% 6/+ ;$%5'/+ .$-$/&$? ("
]/+ ;$%5'/+ .$-$/&$ $5 +:6$""+ :6$ 5$ 5*$/&$ +>$%7'/2+.+ ;'% "'5 5$/&*=*$/&'5 :6$ "$ ;%'.6-$/ 565 5$=$D+/&$59 @ :6$%*B/.'5$ .$5H+-$% .$ $5+ "15&*=+ @ +5-'9 5$ -'/5+7%+ + .*5&%+--*'/$5 +65&$%+59 -'=' "+ */&$%;%$&+-*8/ .$ "'5 56$X'59 "+ +-&6+-*8/9 ' "+ 565&*&6-*8/ .$" /'=#%$ .$ +"76/'5 +-&'5 5*=;"$5 @ -'&*.*+/'5 .$ "+ >*.+ ;'% =$&1<'%+5 :6$ -+%76$/ +" H$-H' $/ -6$5&*8/ .$ *%%$+"*.+. @ #+%#+%*$? )"
T5 "+ ;%*=$%+ %$5'"6-*8/ .$ 6/ &%+&+.' :6$ .$/'=*/+%$='5M [I'5+5 $/ "+5 :6$ 5$ $5&1 .$ +-6$%.' -'/ "'5 $/$=*7'5\? ,"
^J'% :6B $5&1/ ='D+.'5_ ("
N$ +:6$" "+.' ""6$>$? O' &'.' $" =6/.' $5&1 5$-' +" =*5=' &*$=;'? +"
Q >'">*$%'/ &+/ %1;*.'? Q+ /* $/ $" '.*' 5$ ;6$.$ -'/<*+% -'=' +"7' .6%+.$%'? *"
^J'% :6B $5+5 -+%+5_ 22
Ensayo sobre débiles
,"
,$ .*D' :6$ =$ +=+#+? F/%,+&/' -'&'*'9 ,"
O' ;6$.' +-$%-1%=$"$ =15 -'/ */'-$/-*+? 4+#$% $5+5 -'5+5 >6$">$ "+ >*.+ .$=+5*+.' 5$%*+? *"
T/&'/-$5 +"76/' .$ "'5 .'5 .$#$ *%5$? +"
^J'% :6B .*-$5 $5'_ *"
Y6$/' =$ 765&+ H+#"+% 6/ ;'-' .$ =15 @ ;%';*-*+% ;$:6$X'5 $5-1/.+"'5? )"
T5&1 #*$/9 $5' H+-$/ "+5 <+=*"*+5? ("
O'5'&%'5 /' 5'='5 6/+ <+=*"*+? *"
N$;$/.$ -8=' "' >$+5? ("
!:6S /+.*$ H+ 5+"*.' .$ .$/&%' .$ '&%' +5S :6$ /' 5'='5 <+=*"*+? +"
J$%' ;6.*='5 H+#$%"' 5*.'? R+-$ 6/'5 +X'5 @' =$ 5$/&S+ */5;*%+.+? R6#*$%+ $5&+.' .*5;6$5&+ + +.';&+% + 6/ /*X' */.$<$/5' @ $/5$X+%"$ + +=+% $" =6/.'? !H'%+ @+ 58"' $5&'@ .*5;6$5&+ + ='5&%+% =* <$+".+. 5*/ >$%7c$/2+? ("
T5$ $-'"'7*5=' &6@' .$ $='-*'/$5? +"
J+%+ $5' 5'/ =S+5? L+/&' -'=' "+5 &+%.$5 7%*5$5 $/ "'5 ;+S5$5 :6$ /' -'/'2-'? )"
^N$ :6B '#%+ $%+ $5+ "S/$+_ +" 23
Ensayo sobre débiles
N$ /*/76/+9 @' "+ */>$/&B9 @' "+ 5*$/&'? )"
^Z6B "+ >+5 + */>$/&+% &A_ P+ &*$%%+ -+=*/+ 5'#%$ /'5'&%'5 @ /' /'5'&%'5 5'#%$ $""+? I6+/.' "+ >*.+ 5$ ;'/$ .$=+5*+.' 5$%*+ +"76*$/ &*$/$ :6$ *%5$? *"
O'5'&%'5 /' ;'.$='5 .$-*.*%9 5$%S+ .$ =+" 765&'? I'%%$% + /6$5&%'5 ;%';*'5 -'=;+X$%'59 /' H+@ .$%$-H'? )"
J6$.$ 5$% $" ;A#"*-' :6*$/ "' H+7+9 ;+7+%'/ 6/ #'"$&'9 $5 D65&' :6$ $""'5 .$-*.+/ :6*B/ .$#$ *%5$ @ + :6*B/ ;%$<*$%$/ 5';'%&+%"$ "+ -+%+ @ "+ >'2 ;'% =15 &*$=;'? ,"
O' =$ $W;6"5$/ + =S ;'% <+>'%9 :6$ /' 5$+ @'9 /' &$/7' &+"$/&' ;+%+ +/.+% + $5&+ H'%+ ;'% "+ -+""$G =$ -+*7' <1-*"=$/&$ $/ +76D$%'5G +.$=15 5'@ *.$+"*5&+9 -%$' $/ "+ 7$/&$ @ $5' =$ H+-$ $5&+<+#"$? +"
Z6$ /' 5$+ @'9 ;'% <+>'%9 /' &%+D$ =*5 "$/&$5? ,"
T""+ $5 .$ $5+ 7$/&$ :6$ ;"+&*-+ -'/ "+ -'=*.+ @ "$ ;*.$ ;$%.8/ +/&$5 .$ -'=B%5$"+? +"
e" $5 .$ $5'5 */&$"*7$/&$5 :6$ /' 5+#$ &'"$%+% =* &'%;$2+ -'=' <'%=+ .$ +='%? *"
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
Y*$/9 $/&'/-$59 "+ $W;6"5*8/ .$ 6/ $/+='%+.'M ]/'? N'5? L%$5? a% U<=%/&' *,8$%$ $ $%;7/,+9 NF/ ,% 1<=%/&' 4,&/4, +' *,8$%$- $ +$4/,G ,+3'+&,* ,% ,%,;/4' *, 4,V$ $ %$ %/=-, /+3,-1-,3$&/2+ 4, $%;<+ ;,*3' ' (T+/(' ('A/(/,+3' 4, $%;<+ ,*1,&3$4'- 4,% @7, 17,4$ /+C,-/-*, 7+$ ,%,&&/2+9Q 24
Ensayo sobre débiles
:% ,%,;/4' *, 4/*1'+, $ /-*,9 +"
^Q+ &$ H+#S+ .*-H' :6$ &$ +='_ ,"
4S9 @ @' @+ H+#S+ "'7%+.' /' $5-6-H+%"'? ("
U6+%.+ 6/ #6$/ %$-6$%.' .$ /'5'&%'5? ,"
Q' :6*$%' :6$ =$ $/&*$%%$/ $/ 6/ +$%';6$%&'? N*7' $5&' ;'%:6$ >'@ + 56*-*.+%=$ +""1 +<6$%+? Q+ &$/7' $.+. ;+%+ H+-$%"' 5*/ $5-+/.+"*2+% + /+.*$? )"
48"' &%+&+ .$ /' ""+=+% =6-H' "+ +&$/-*8/9 +"76*$/ ;'.%S+ -'=;+.$-$%5$ $ */&$/&+% *=;$.*%"'? P+ 7$/&$ /' -'/&%'"+ #*$/ 565 #6$/'5 5$/&*=*$/&'5? ("
`$-6$%.+M &'.+ "+ <$"*-*.+. :6$ /$-$5*&+5 $5&1 .$/&%' .$ &*? :% ,%,;/4' *, -,3/-$ 4,% ,*1$&/'9 F/%,+&/' ) $--,1,+3/(/,+3'9 *"
P+ /'-H$9 -'=' 6/+ =+".*-*8/9 >+ + ;+5+% $/&%$ /'5'&%'5? #'4'* (/-$+ $% 3,&E'9 \*&7-/4$4 -,1,+3/+$9
+. J'+ 7+$ %7. *,&7+4$-/$9 6%;7+' ,%,;/4' 1'- $.$-9 N:% ,%,;/4' *, 4,*/;+$ &'+ %$ %,3-$ bQ -"
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
Ensayo sobre débiles
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
+. NO'* $&3'-,* *'+ -,1-,*,+3$4'* (,4/$+3, %$* %,3-$*L ZGYG[ ) ,% *'=-,A/A/,+3, 4, W9 ' X9 1'- OQ ("
4* +"76*$/ =$ +=+%+ @' &+=#*B/ ;'/.%S+ $5+ -+%+ .$ %1#+/'9 .$ -'5+ -%$-*.+ #+D' &*$%%+? ."
R+@ -'5+5 :6$ ;+%+ .$-*%"+5 H+#%S+ :6$ ;'/$%5$ .$/&+.6%+? *"
^O+.*$ 5*$/&$ %$='%.*=*$/&'5 ;'% "' :6$ H$='5 +#+/.'/+.'_ 46 5'"$.+. $5 %$5;'/5+#*"*.+. /6$5&%+? )"
R+@ :6$ $5-'7$% 6/ &$=+9 ;'% $5' /' ""$7+='5 + /+.+9 ;'%:6$ /' H$='5 $5-'7*.' 6/ &$=+ .$5.$ $" */*-*'? T5+ $5 "+ #+5$ .$ "+ 7$/&$ @ .$ "'5 ;+S5$5 :6$ ;%'7%$5+/9 $5-'7$/ 6/ 58"' &$=+9 =+&+% + '&%'5 ' +#6%%*%5$ -'=;"$&+=$/&$9 ;$%' 6/ 5'"' &$=+ + "+ >$2 H+5&+ :6$ 5$ +7'&+? ("
J'% $D$=;"'M P+ =$='%*+ $5 6/ "1-&$'9 @' /' "$ &$/7' &'"$%+/-*+?
26
Ensayo sobre débiles
)"
4S9 ;$%' 5*76$5 H+#"+/.' .$ /+.+9 $5-'7$ 6/ &$=+? O'5'&%'5 &$ $5-6-H+='59 ;$%' $5-'7$ 6/ &$=+? ("
4$ =$ $5&1/ -+7+/.' "'5 56$X'59 $5$ $5 $" &$=+9 $" =*5='9 5*$=;%$ $" =*5=' @ $" A/*-' &$=+9 @ $/ $5$ &$=+ -+#$ &'.'? 4'XB :6$ */>$/&+#+ 6/+ %$-$&+ .$ -'-*/+ @ "+ $5-%*#S+ $/ 6/+ H'D+? T/ 6/ +&+:6$ .$ &%*5&$2+ "+ %'=;S+ @ "+ "+/2+#+ ;'% "+ >$/&+/+ .$ =* H+#*&+-*8/? P+/2+/.' 6/ ;$.+2' .$ H'D+ %'&+ -+.+ .S+9 .$='%+#+ .*$2 +X'5 $/ "+/2+% &'.'5 "'5 <%+7=$/&'5? P6$7' $5&+#+ $/ =* >$D$2 @ 5+"S+ +" D+%.S/G 6/ 7%6;' .$ H'%=*7+5 H+#S+/ D6/&+.' "'5 ;$.+2'5? 4*/ 5+#$% "$$%9 65+#+/ =* %$-$&+ -'=' 6/+ -+%;+ .$ -*%-' ;+%+ ;%'&$7$%5$ .$" 5'"? 06%*'5' @ ;$/5+/.' :6$ $%+ 6/ ;%$5+7*' .$ =* =6$%&$9 ;*5+#+ "+ -+%&+ -'/>$%&*.+ $/ -+%;+ .$ -*%-'? Z6*&+/.' H'%=*7+5 =6$%&+59 "$>+/&+#+ $" ;+;$" @ =$ .+#+ -6$/&+ :6$ "'5 */5$-&'5 H+#S+/ %$5&+6%+.' "+ &*/&+ :6$ 5$ H+#S+ #'%%+.' .$ =* -+%&+ -'/ "'5 +X'59 $5+5 #$5&*+5 $5&A;*.+5 H+#S+/ -'/5*.$%+.' 6/+ $W;%$5*8/ =$='%+#"$ .$ +%&$ =* -+%&+9 $5'5 -'=;%*=*.'5 .$ -+%/$ 5*/ -$%$#%'V *"
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
J$%.'/$/9 ;$%' &'.' $5&' 5$ $5&1 >'">*$/.' .$=+5*+.' ;$%5'/+"? ."
P'5 $%%'%$5 5'/ 5*$=;%$ .$=+5*+.' ;$%5'/+"$5? )"
R$='5 H+#"+.' .$=+5*+.'9 5$%S+ #6$/' -+""+%/'5 @ .$D+% :6$ .*7+/ +"7' "+5 ;+%$.$59 :6*21 $""+5 5S &$/7+/ +"7' >$%.+.$%+=$/&$ /$-$5+%*' :6B .$-*%? +. F, (/-$ $ %$* 1$-,4,* 1'- 7+ ('(,+3' ,*1,-$+4' ,*&7&E$-%$*9 6%;7/,+ &-,, ,*&7&E$- $%;' ) 1'+, ,% 'T4' ,+ %$ 1$-,49
27
Ensayo sobre débiles
+. ("
!" '&%' "+.' H+@ 6/+ =+.%$ :6$ ""'%+9 6/ #$#$ &%+&+ .$ -+"=+%"+9 6/ H'=#%$ :6$ 58"' .*-$M /' ;6$.' -%$$%"'? ."
^Q "+ ;+%$._ ("
4*"$/-*'5+9 -'=' 6/+ -+""$ :6$ H+ >*5&' 6/ -%*=$/? *"
Z6*21 =+X+/+? ("
Z6*21 =+X+/+? ."
,*%$/M P+ /'-H$? >*/$ .$ %$7%$5'9 @ >+ + ;+5+% 5'#%$ /'5'&%'5? \*&7-/4$4 -,1,+3/+$
+. c7,A$* C7,+3,* 4, %7.9 *"
P+ '5-6%*.+. %$;$/&*/+ $/ "'5 &$+&%'5 =$ %$-6$%.+ :6$ +5S9 .$ ;%'/&'9 &'.'5 >+='5 + ='%*%/'5? )"
T5+ .$-"+%+-*8/ "+ H*2' 6/ #6.*5&+ <+='5'9 ;$%' $5&+#+ #'%%+-H'? *"
J6$5 @' "$ -%$'9 ;%$-*5+=$/&$ ;'%:6$ $5&+#+ #'%%+-H'? )"
T5 $" 5$76/.' +;+78/9 $5' :6*$%$ .$-*% :6$ $5 ='=$/&' .$ +-&6+% "+ '#%+ :6$ $/5+@+='5? ("
O' 5$ .$#$ +-&6+% =*$/&%+5 5$ +-&A+? T5 &+/ =+"' -'=' #$#$% $/ H'%+5 .$ &%+#+D' ' #$5+%5$ <%$/&$ + 7$/&$ &+/ <$+ :6$ 6/' 5+#$ :6$ /+.*$ "+ H+ #$5+.' /* "+ #$5+%1 D+=15? ." 28
Ensayo sobre débiles
R+71='5"' -'=' 6/+ .*5-6";+9 $5' $5 .$ #6$/+ $.6-+-*8/? )"
^J'% :6B_ O' "$5 H$='5 H$-H' /+.+? ."
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dGeGfQ /"
f+/ g* <6$ + >*5*&+% + 56 =+$5&%' ;'%:6$ 5$/&S+ >$%7c$/2+ .$ 5S =*5='? 4*$/.' +-&'% .$5-'/'-*.' @ H'/$5&'9 :6$%S+ ;%'>'-+% "+ -'=;+5*8/ $/ '&%'5G 6/ <"'%$-*=*$/&' .$" 5$/&*=*$/&' .$ <%+&$%/*.+. $/ &'.' $" :6$ "' $5-6-H+%+? J%'>'-+%"$5 6/ +-6$%.' +=+#"$ -'/ $""'5 =*5='59 H+-$% "' :6$ .$#$ H+-$% 6/ +-&'% -'/ "'5 ;'-'5 .S+5 :6$ &*$/$ $/ $" =6/.'? f+/ g* ""$78 +/&$ 56 =+$5&%' @ "$ .*D'M 0"
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
Q 56 =+$5&%' "$ -'/&$5&8 -'/ 6/ -6$/&'M 1"
I6+%$/&+h $5;$-&+.'%$5 <6$%'/ + >$% + 6/ +-&'% ;'%:6$ :6$%S+/ :6$ B" "$5 -+=#*+%+ $" /'=#%$? T" +-&'% 5$ 5*/&*8 &+/ H+"+7+.'9 :6$ + &'.'5 "$5 ;65' 56 ;%';*' /'=#%$? P'5 $5;$-&+.'%$5 5$ <6$%'/ @ ;65*$%'/ 56 /6$>' /'=#%$ + 565 =+5-'&+59 + 565 %S'5 @ + "'5 h
T5&$ .$#$ 5$% $" /A=$%' %$+" .$ $5;$-&+.'%$5 $/ "+ 5+"+ $/ $5$ ='=$/&'? 29
Ensayo sobre débiles
&$%%*&'%*'5 :6$ -'/:6*5&+#+/? d/5;*%+.'5 ;'% "+5 -'/:6*5&+59 "'5 $5-%*&'%$5 -%$+%'/ /6$>'5 ;$%5'/+D$5 -'/ $5$ /'=#%$9 H+5&+ :6$ 6/ .S+ ""$78 +" +-&'% 6/ /6$>' &$W&' :6$ .$#S+ */&$%;%$&+% -'/ 6/ ;$%5'/+D$ :6$ &$/S+ 56 ;%';*' /'=#%$? T" +-&'% -'=;%$/.*89 5$ %$&*%8 + "+5 ='/&+X+5 @ +;%$/.*8 + -6"&*>+% 5'#%$ $" H*$"'? /"
I'/<6/.*.' ;'% "+ H*5&'%*+9 f+/ g* ;+58 =6-H'5 .S+5 ;$/5+/.' $/ "+ >$%.+. :6$ '-6"&+#+ $" %$"+&'9 5$/&1/.'5$ 5*$=;%$ $/ "+ #6&+-+ =15 +"$D+.+ .$" $5-$/+%*' -'=' 7$5&' .$ H6=*".+.? J$%' .$5.$ +HS $5-6-H+#+ "'5 +;"+65'5 :6$ %$-*#S+/ '&%'5 +-&'%$5 @ $5' 5$=#%8 "+ +/765&*+ @ "+ .$5$5;$%+-*8/ $/ 56 -'%+28/? J'% $5' <6$ H+5&+ "+ -+5+ .$ 56 =+$5&%' @ 7%*&8M 0"
4'@ 6/ H'=#%$ *7/'%+/&$ :6$ #65-+ D65&*-*+? /"
!" 'S% $5&' 56 =+$5&%' <6$ + -'/5'"+%"'9 ;$%' +" >$%"'9 f+/ g* "$ .*D' $5&+5 ;+"+#%+5M 0"
N*'5$59 =*%$/ @ %$-6$%.$/ #*$/ + $5&$ H'=#%$9 :6$ $/ >$2 .$ H+-$% .$ "+ >$%.+. 6/+ ;*$2+ 5$/-*""+9 "+ %$&6$%-$ $/ =+"'5 56$X'5 :6$ 58"' B" -'=;%$/.$? Q'9 $/ /'=#%$ .$ &'.'5 "'5 :6$ .$5$+='5 -'/='>$% -'%+2'/$5 .$ '&%'5 ;+%+ H+-$% .$ $5&$ =6/.' 6/ "67+% H+#*&+#"$9 "$5 ;*.' :6$ =$ $5-6-H$/M Q+ :6$ $5&$ H'=#%$ ;$%>*$%&$ -'/ ;+"+#%+5 "+ */'-$/-*+ .$" =6/.'9 :6$ .$ H'@ $/ +.$"+/&$9 B" @ &'.'5 "'5 :6$ -'/
T/&'/-$5 $" =+$5&%'9 5*/ 5+#$% :6B H+-$%9 &'=8 56<*-*$/&$ -$/*2+ -'=' ;+%+ +"*=$/&+%5$ ;'% .*$2 .S+5 @ D6/&' + 565 .*5-S;6"'5 =15 "$+"$5 5$ <6$ + >$% + 4&+/*5"+>5i*? +. ."
^! :6*B/_ *"
! 4&+/*5"+>5i*? )"
^I8=' :6$ + 4&+/*5"+>5i*_ ^N$ .8/.$ -+%+D'5 5+"$ 4&+/*5"+>5i*_ 30
Ensayo sobre débiles
*"
T5 ;+%+ .+%"$ %$+"*5='9 +" '&%'9 +" .$ "+ H*5&'%*+9 /+.*$ "' -'/'-$9 @ /' 5$ >+ + $/&$/.$% /+.+9 $5 6/+ +.+;&+-*8/ ;+%+ :6$ $" ;A#"*-' -'/&$=;'%1/$' $/&*$/.+ "+ H*5&'%*+? ."
T5' /' $5 /$-$5+%*'9 &'.' $" =6/.' -'/'-$ + f+/ g* @ +" 7%+/ =+$5&%' f'/ 4H6+/ Q6? ^)$%.+._ ],-/C/&$&/2+ &'+ ,% 1<=%/&' 4, %$ 7+/A,-*$%/4$4 4, %'* 1,-*'+$V,* E/*32-/&'*9 )"
]/+ '#%+ 5'#%$ "+ $5$/-*+ .$ "+ -'/.*-*8/ H6=+/+ @ &A "+ %$.6-$5 + 6/ ;%'#"$=+ .$ +-&'%$5? *"
I+=#*8 ;+%&$ .$" &$W&'9 5$ 5+"&8 &%$5 "S/$+5? P' .*D$ ;+%+ 5+">+% "+ H*5&'%*+9 *=;%'>*5B? ("
J$%.8/9 /' 5B ;'% :6B /' ;6$.' +;%$/.$%=$ $5+ ;+%&$? )"
T%$5 6/+ #$5&*+? *"
J$%' /+.*$ 5$ H+#S+ .+.' -6$/&+ :6$ /'5 $:6*>'-+='5? ."
O+.*$ "' H6#*$%+ /'&+.' 5* /' =$&$5 + 4&+/*5"+>5i*? )"
O' 7%*&$5? *"
R+@ :6$ 7%*&+%9 H+@ :6$ -'=;'%&+%5$ -'=' 6/+ #$5&*+ ;+%+ 5'#%$>*>*%5$ + 6/' =*5='? T" =6/.' $5 #6$/'9 5'@ @' :6*$/ +A""+ -'=' 6/+ >+-+ :6$ &*$/$ 6/ "'#' .$/&%'? )"
T5+ <%+5$ $5 .$ '&%+ '#%+ .$ &$+&%'9 -'/<6/.$5 '#%+59 ;'% $5' /' ;6$.$5 +;%$/.$%&$ &65 &$W&'5? *"
O'9 /' "' $59 "+ 5*$/&' @'9 "+ .*7' @'? )"
31
Ensayo sobre débiles
[,*%+ "'5 ;+5&'59 $W&$/5'5 $ */<*/*&'59 $" +"*=$/&' ;+%+ "'5 -'#+%.$5 /' &*$/$ <*/9 ;$%' =*%+ + "+5 >+-+5 +.'%=$-*.+5 @ <"+-+5 .$/&%' .$ "'5 $/%$D+.'5G $" "'#' &*$/$ ;'-' +"*=$/&'? T" =6/.' $5 #6$/'9 5'@ @' :6*$/ +A""+ -'=' 6/+ >+-+ :6$ &*$/$ 6/ "'#' .$/&%'? +. 63$@7, 4, A/'%,+&/$ V7*3/C/&$4$9 X-/3'*G '=V,3'* /+'C,+*/A'* &'(' $-($*9 J'+ 1->&3/&$G ,+*$)' ) ,--'-G %';-$+ 4,3,+,-%'*9 P-,A, $3$@7, -,*1/-$3'-/'9 Z+C7*/2+ 4, '0T;,+' 1$-$ %'* &'(=$3/,+3,* E$*3$ @7, *7 -,*1/-$&/2+ @7,4$ 4'($4$9 *"
Q' "$5 .$5$' :6$ -'/5*7+/ "+ -+5+ .$ 565 56$X'59 @ :6$ -6+/.' "+ $/-6$/&%$/ $5&B -'/5&%6*.+ 5'#%$ 6/ ;*5' #"+/-' #+D' 6/ -*$"' #"+/-' =$&*.+ +" <'/.' .$ 6/ #'5:6$ #"+/-'? P$5 .$5$' :6$ 5* >6$">$/ + +-&6+% 5$+ 5*$=;%$ $/&%$ &$"'/$5 #"+/-'5? P$5 .$5$' :6$ 56 >*.+ 5$+ 6/+ /+.+ #"+/-+9 "' =*5=' 6/ .S+ @ '&%'? 4$ "'5 .$5$' ;'% "' =+"'5 +-&'%$5 :6$ 5'/9 ;'% /' -%$$% "+5 &'/&$%S+5 :6$ .*-$/? ."
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
N$D$='5 :6$ $""'5 $5-'D+/ + 6/' .$ /'5'&%'5 ;+%+ :6$ 5$+ +#6-H$+.' $/ /'=#%$ .$ &'.'59 +5S /' 5$ -+/5+%1/ &+/&'G &*$/$ +"7' :6$ >$% -'/ -*$%&+ 5+">+-*8/ .$ "+ :6$ @+ /' =$ +-6$%.'G ;$%' 5'#%$&'.'9 +5S +"-+/2+/ "'5 D*&'=+&$59 $5 :6$ /' H+@ &+/&'5? O' $5&+='5 $/ &$=;'%+.+? ("
O' $5 D65&'9 ;$%' 5S =6@ &$+&%+"? ."
T5&*=+.'5 $5;$-&+.'%$5M ^J6$.$/ 65&$.$5 $"$7*% + 6/' $/&%$ /'5'&%'5_ T5 *=;'%&+/&$ +-"+%+% :6$ +" $"$7*.' /' "$ '-6%%*%1 /+.+ =+"'? !-1 .$/&%' &'.' $5 <*--*8/?
32
Ensayo sobre débiles
4+#$='5 :6$ $" :6$ H+@+/ ;+7+.' 56 #'"$&' "$5 .+ .$%$-H' + 76+%.+% 5*"$/-*'9 ;$%' $5&$ $5 6/ <+>'% +.*-*'/+"9 6/+ "*='5/+ :6$ /' -6$5&+ /+.+ @ +@6.+ =6-H' + :6$ $" =6/.' +-1 .$/&%' 5*7+ -+@$/.'? !5S9 5* 5'/ &+/ +=+#"$59 -6+/.' -6$/&$ [&%$5\ .$#$/ 5$X+"+% + 6/' .$ /'5'&%'59 @ @' -'/&+%B "'5 >'&'5? T" :6$ 7+/$ 5$%1 +#6-H$+.' ;'% &'.'5 "'5 .$=15? ^!"76*$/ :6*$%$ ;%$76/&+% +"7' + "'5 *=;"*-+.'5 +/&$5 .$ &'=+% 56 .$-*5*8/_ U-,;7+3$* 4,% 1<=%/&' */ %$* E$)9
Y*$/9 $/&'/-$59 "+ $"$--*8/ .$ 6/ =+" +-&'%M ]/'? N'5? L%$5? a% U<=%/&' *,8$%$ $ $%;7/,+9 NF/ ,% 1<=%/&' 4,&/4, +' *,8$%$- $ +$4/,G ,+3'+&,* ,% ,%,;/4' *, 4,V$ $ %$ %/=-, /+3,-1-,3$&/2+ 4, $%;<+ ;,*3' ' (T+/(' ('A/(/,+3' 4, $%;<+ ,*1,&3$4'- 4,% @7, 17,4$ /+C,-/-*, 7+$ ,%,&&/2+9Q :% ,%,;/4' *, 4/*1'+, $ /-*,9
+. :% ,%,;/4' 3-$3$ 4, *$%/- &'--/,+4'G ,* 4,3,+/4' $ %$ C7,-.$ &'+ 3D&+/&$* */(1%,*G A$-/$* 4, ,%%$* C$%%/4$*G @7, &'+ ,+*$)' ) ,--'- *, A7,%A,+ ,C/&$&,*9 6% &7%1$=%, *, %, A,+4$+ %'* 'V'* ) *, %, $3$+ %$* ($+'*9 F, %, E$&, =,*$- 7+ &-7&/C/V'9 F, /+3-'47&, 7+$ &$V$ &'+ V/3'($3,*9 O'* 4,% ,*&,+$-/' *, 4/*1'+,+ $ %$+.$-%'* &'+3-$ ,% ,%,;/4'9 NO'* &7$3-' $&3'-,* 1-,*,+3,* *'+ -,1-,*,+3$4'* (,4/$+3, %$* %,3-$*L ?GcGgG\Q 2"
^J6$.' .$-*% +"7' +/&$5_ 3"
4S9 5* $5 #%$>$? 2"
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
^L$%=*/+5&$_ 33
Ensayo sobre débiles
2"
48"' 5* /+.*$ &*$/$ +"7' #6$/' :6B .$-*% .$ =S? +. :% *,8$%$4' ,* $=7&E,$4' C-,+D3/&$(,+3,9 B+ 3$(='- (/%/3$- ($-&$ ,% -/3(' 4, %$ A/'%,+&/$9 F, %$+.$+ *'=-, D% V/3'($3,*9 F'+ 7+ 17,=%' 'C,+4/4' @7, E$&, V7*3/&/$ 1'- *7 1-'1/$ ($+'9 :% $=7&E,$4' &$, $% *7,%'9 ]/'%,+&/$ ) ,7C'-/$ &'%,&3/A$ *'=-, ,% &$T4'9
+. 2"
!"&'9 +"&'9 $5-6-H$/9 +"76*$/ H+#"+? 5"
O' 5$ .$&$/7+/? ]/'%,+&/$ ) $=7&E,'9 Y$*3$ @7, %$ A'. ) ,% %%$+3' 4,% &$*3/;$4' %'* 4,3/,+,9 2"
F*7' >'-$59 '*7' >'-$5? 4"
T5 7$/&$ :6$ H+ -+>+.' 6/ &A/$" H+5&+ /'5'&%'5? 3"
4'/ 58"' "'5 765+/'5 :6$ >*>S+/ .$/&%' .$" D*&'=+&$? 2"
O'9 5'/ H'%=*7+5? Z6*$%$/ .$-*% +"7'9 :6*$%$/ .$<$/.$%5$9 ;'% +:6$""' :6$ 5$ .*D' .$ :6$ $%+/ [-'=;%*=*.'5 .$ -+%/$ 5*/ -$%$#%'\9 :6*$%$/ .$<$/.$%5$? 5"
,*$/&$ ;+%+ 5+">+%5$? 2"
O'9 /' =*$/&'9 ;*.$/ -'=;+5*8/9 :6*$%$/ .$<$/.$%5$? :% &$*3/;$4' 1,;$ %$ '-,V$ $% *7,%' ) 3-$47&,9
4$/&S ;+2 -6+/.' +-$;&B :6$ @+ $%+ 6/ <%+-+5+.'? 34
Ensayo sobre débiles
I6+/.' +#+/.'/B $5' .$ &$/$% :6$ 5$% +"76*$/9 +HS $=;$28 =* >*.+? !HS -'=$/-B + .'%=*% &%+/:6*"'? P+ ;+5*8/ >+ + =+&+%/'5 + &'.'59 ;'.$='5 $5&+% -'/&$/&'5 ;'% $5'? 5"
T5&1 =*/&*$/.'? O*/76/+ H'%=*7+ ;6$.$ .$-*% $5'? 2"
Q' /' =*$/&'9 :6*21 "+5 H'%=*7+5 =*$/&+/9 ;$%' @' /'? 3"
,S%+"' .$ <%$/&$ ;+%+ >$% 5* =*$/&$? 4"
O' ;6$.' >$%"$ "'5 'D'59 "'5 &*$/$ ""$/'5 .$ D*&'=+&$? 3"
N$D$='5 :6$ $" ;A#"*-' .$-*.+ :6*B/ =*$/&$? 4* B" =*$/&$ B" 5$ >+ .$" &$+&%'9 5* B" .*-$ "+ >$%.+.9 &A &$ >+5? 5"
Q' ^;'% :6B_ 3"
LA 56#$5&*=+5 + "+5 H'%=*7+5? 5"
J$%' /+.*$ "+5 H+ .$<$/.*.'? T5 D65&' :6$ 5$ $"*D+ + -6+":6*$%+? 3"
T5&1 #*$/9 $5 D65&'9 ;6$.$ 5$% $"$7*.' -6+":6*$%+9 ;$%' $" $"$7*.' &$/.%1 :6$ *%5$? 4"
O+.*$ =15 ;6$.$ 5+"*% + "+ -+""$ + $5&+ H'%+? T5 ;$"*7%'5'? 3"
T/&'/-$5 +:6$" +" :6$ $" ;A#"*-' $"*D+ 5+".%1 .$" $5-$/+%*'9 .$D+%1 "+ <*--*8/? d%1 + 5$/&+%5$ D6/&' + $""'5? P'5 $5;$-&+.'%$5 7+/+%1/ 6/' =159 /'5'&%'5 ;$%.$%$='5 + +"76*$/9 :6B ;$/+9 ;$%' 5$%1 #6$/ /$7'-*' -6+/.' +" <*/+" .$ "+ <6/-*8/ /'5 %$;+%&+='5 $" .*/$%' .$ "+5 $/&%+.+5? ^L'.'5 .$ +-6$%.'_ c$4/, $*/,+3,9 4" 35
Ensayo sobre débiles
O' =$ ;+%$-$ D65&'9 ;$%' 5S =6@ &$+&%+"? 5"
T5&*=+.'5 $5;$-&+.'%$5M ^J6$.$/ 65&$.$5 $"$7*% + 6/' $/&%$ /'5'&%'5_ T5 *=;'%&+/&$ +-"+%+% :6$ +" $"$7*.' /' "$ '-6%%*%1 /+.+ =+"'? !-1 .$/&%' &'.' $5 <*--*8/? 4+#$='5 :6$ $" :6$ H+@+/ ;+7+.' 56 #'"$&' "$5 .+ .$%$-H' + 76+%.+% 5*"$/-*'9 ;$%' $5&$ $5 6/ <+>'% +.*-*'/+"9 6/+ "*='5/+ :6$ /' -6$5&+ /+.+ @ +@6.+ =6-H' + :6$ $" =6/.' +-1 .$/&%' 5$ 5*7+ +%%+5&%+/.'? !5S9 5* 5'/ &+/ +=+#"$59 -6+/.' -6$/&$ [&%$5\ .$#$/ 5$X+"+% + 6/' .$ /'5'&%'59 @ @' -'/&+%B "'5 >'&'5? T" :6$ 7+/$ 5$%1 $W;6"5+.' .$" $5-$/+%*' ;'% &'.'5 "'5 .$=15? ^!"76*$/ :6*$%$ ;%$76/&+% +"7' + "'5 *=;"*-+.'5 +/&$5 .$ &'=+% 56 .$-*5*8/_ U-,;7+3$* 4,% 1<=%/&' */ %$* E$)9
Y*$/9 $/&'/-$59 "+ $W;6"5*8/ .$ 6/ */-%B.6"'M ]/'? N'5? L%$5? a% U<=%/&' *,8$%$ $ $%;7/,+9 NF/ ,% 1<=%/&' 4,&/4, +' *,8$%$- $ +$4/,G ,+3'+&,* ,% ,%,;/4' *, 4,V$ $ %$ %/=-, /+3,-1-,3$&/2+ 4, $%;<+ ;,*3' ' (T+/(' ('A/(/,+3' 4, $%;<+ ,*1,&3$4'- 4,% @7, 17,4$ /+C,-/-*, 7+$ ,%,&&/2+9Q :% ,%,;/4' 3-$3$ 4, *$%/- &'--/,+4'G ,* 4,3,+/4' $ %$ C7,-.$ &'+ 3D&+/&$* */(1%,*G A$-/$* 4, ,%%$* C$%%/4$* @7, &'+ ,+*$)' ) ,--'- *, A7,%A,+ ,C/&$&,*9 :% ,%,;/4' ,* ($-&$4' ) %$+.$4' &'%,&3/A$(,+3, C7,-$ 4,% ,*&,+$-/'9
+. NO'* &7$3-' $&3'-,* 1-,*,+3,* *'+ -,1-,*,+3$4'* (,4/$+3, %$* %,3-$*L UGRG^GFQ :% ,017%*$4' (/-$ $ %'* @7, E$+ @7,4$4' 4,+3-'G O'* &'(1$4,&,9 6"
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
Ensayo sobre débiles
!@6.+% + -%$+% +"7' >*>'9 5* /' :6B ;B%.*.+ .$ &*$=;'? 7"
! ;+%&*% .$ +H'%+ .$#$%S+='5 *7/'%+%"'? 6"
4'@ 6/ $5;$-&+.'% &$/7' .$%$-H' + .$-*% "' :6$ :6*$%+? 8"
O'? ]5&$. /' ;+78 56 #'"$&'9 +5S :6$ ;'% %$5;$&' + "'5 :6$ 5S "' H*-*$%'/ -1""$5$? :% $;/3$4'- *, &$%%$ $A,-;'+.$4'9 O%'-$ 4/*&-,3$(,+3,9 9"
L$/7' 6/+ *.$+ ;+%+ 6/ /$7'-*'? J$"$+5 -"+/.$5&*/+5 .$ #'W? P+ 7$/&$ ;+7+ ;'% >$% ='%*% + '&%'5 .$ <'%=+ .$-$/&$? Q $5 6/+ <'%=+ .*7/+ .$ %$-*#*% $" -+5&*7' :6$ &'.'5 =$%$-$='5? +. ]7,%A, @7/,+ E$=T$ */4' ,017%*$4' 4,% ,*1$&/' N$ 4,*/;+$-*, &'+ %$ %,3-$ #Q F$&$ 1$+,* 47%&,* 4, 7+$ ='%*$9 :"
T5&+#+ 56*-*.1/.'=$9 ;$%' =$ .*' H+=#%$? Q &6>$ "15&*=+ .$ 65&$.$5? L%+D$ ;+/? Q 6/+ ;*5&'"+? 4*$=;%$ $5 /$-$5+%*+ 6/+ -6+/.' "+ 7$/&$ $5&1 &+/ -'=;%'=$&*.+ -'/ 56 =*5$%*+? F$&$ %$ 1/*3'%$ 4, %$ ='%*$9 :+A7,%3$ &'(' %'* 1$+,* 4, 47%&,9
,*$%.+? 4$ $=#+%%8 &'.+ .$ .6"-$? Q+ /' >+ + 5$%>*%? Z+3,+3$ 4/*1$-$-%$ 1,-' %$ 1/*3'%$ ,*&7--, &$-$(,%'9
T5&+ =*$%.+? 6"
4* B" ;6.' >'">$% @' &+=#*B/? 8"
O'9 B" H+#S+ 5+"*.' .$" &$+&%' ;$%' /' .$ "+ <*--*8/G 65&$. @+ 5+"*8 .$ <*--*8/ +6/:6$ /' H+@+ 5+"*.' .$" &$+&%'9 ;'% $5' /' ;6$.$ >'">$% ^$/&*$/.$_ ]5&$. /' $W*5&$ =159 $5 /+.+?
37
Ensayo sobre débiles
6"
J$%' 65&$. $5&1 H+#"+/.' -'/=*7'? 8"
L*$/$ %+28/9 /' "' H+%B =15? :% ,*1,&3$4'- (>* -,&/,+3, &'+3/+7$ *7 %%$+3' 4/*&-,3' ,+ *7 =73$&$G (/-$+4' $ $%;7+'* ,*1,&3$4'-,* =7*&$+4' &'(1$*/2+9 :"
!<6$%+ H+@ 6/ >$&$%+/' .$ 76$%%+ :6*$%$ $/&%+% ;+%+ .$-*% $5&'M P+5 -'5+5 5$/-*""+5 5'/ "+5 :6$ >+/ + 5+">+%/'5 .$ /'5'&%'5 =*5='5? R+@ :6$ &$/$% -'/<*+/2+ $/ $5'? ]/+ -'/<*+/2+ + "+ :6$ 5$ "$ .$/ "'5 #6$/'5 .S+5 ;'% "+ =+X+/+ @ 6/ #$5' ;'% "+ /'-H$ ;+%+ :6$ $5+ -'/<*+/2+ /'5 &$/7+ -'/<*+/2+? R+@ :6$ -'/<*+% $/ :6$ &'.'5 &$/.%$='5 /6$5&%+ ;%';*+ ;'%-*8/ .$ #$""$2+ :6$ /'5 +=+%1 =+/5+=$/&$? R+@ :6$ ;$/5+% $/ $5' -+.+ >$2 :6$ "+ #$""$2+ /'5 *7/'%+? ^L$ ;6$.$5 -+""+%_ :% ,*1,&3$4'- (>* -,&/,+3, =$V$ (>* *7 %%$+3'9
4* ;6.*B%+='5 '#&$/$% &'.' "' :6$ .$5$+='5 .$5&%6*%S+='5 +" =6/.'? !#+/.'/+%S+='5 -'/ /+&6%+"*.+.9 -'%&+%S+='5 "+ $5;$%+/2+ @ "+ */'-$/-*+ -'/ "+ 56$"+ .$ "'5 2+;+&'5? O' $/&*$/.' :6B =$ $5&'@ :6$%*$/.' .$-*% -'/ =* ;%';*+ >*.+? T5$ $5 &'.' $" &$=+9 $" A/*-' @ 5*$=;%$ $" =*5=' &$=+? 4$ =$ $5&1 -+7+/.' "+ >*.+? ^N$D' ;+5+% +" >$&$%+/' .$ 76$%%+_ 8"
^T%+ &'.' "' :6$ &$/S+ :6B .$-*%_ :"
4S? 8"
T/&'/-$5 @+ /' $5 /$-$5+%*' :6$ >$/7+? :"
J$%' 5$ >+ + ;'/$% + ""'%+% @ =$ ;%$5&8 "+ ;*5&'"+ + -+=#*' .$ .$D+%"' ;+5+%? ]/ ;'-' .$ ;*$.+.9 @+ /' ;6$.$ .$<$/.$%5$? 7"
! /+.*$ "$ *=;'%&+ 5* ""'%+ ' /'? T5+5 -'5+5 /' 5*$/&$/9 -%B+=$9 5'/ *.*'&+59 @ + "'5 *.*'&+5 /' 5$ /'5 ;6$.$ -%$$% /+.+? 9"
Q' .$<*$/.' + "'5 *.*'&+5? 38
Ensayo sobre débiles
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h 4,% 4/*1$-'9 6%;7/,+ ,+ ,% ,*&,+$-/'G &'+ 7+ 3-'+$- 4, 4,4'*G E$&, %$ C/&&/2+ 4, 7+$ 1/*3'%$ @7, 4/*1$-$9 :% ,017%*$4' *, 47,%, ) (7,-,9 :"
Q+ $5&19 @+ H+@ 6/ =6$%&'? P+ &%+7$.*+ &$%=*/+? T" ;A#"*-' ;6$.$ *%5$ + -+5+? T5&+='5 &'.'5 =6@ -+/5+.'5? J'% H'@ $5 56<*-*$/&$? 7"
4* =6%*B%+='5 +H'%+9 /+.*$ 5+#%S+ .$ :6B "+.' $/&$%%+%/'59 5* +-1 ' -'/ $""'5? 9"
R+7+='5 +"7' ;'% /'5'&%'5? :"
]/+ =6$%&$ >$%.+.$%+ @ 5*=;"$ /'5 >$/.%S+ #*$/? O'* $&3'-,* 3'($+ %$ 1/*3'%$ ) *, 4/*1$-$+ $ *T (/*('*9 \3-' 3-7,+$ %'* 4,4'* 1'- ,%%'*9 :% <%3/(' +' 17,4, -,1,3/- %$ &'+A,+&/2+9 :% $&3'- ,017%*$4' *, %,A$+3$ ) 3-7,+$ %'* 4,4'* 1'- D%9
+. ?<*/&$9 O'* $&3'-,* *, %,A$+3$+ ,+ '3-$ C/&&/2+G &'(' '3-$ '=-$ @7, /+/&/$ 7 '3-$ @7, 3,-(/+$9 U-,1$-$&/2+ 4, 7+ /(1-'A/*$4' -/+; 4, ='09 M'* ='0,$+9 6%;7/,+ &$+3$ 47-$+3, %$ 1,%,$ &'+ (,%$+&2%/&$ A'.9 U,@7,8$ =$+4$ 4, 17,=%' -7-$%9 B+' &$, $ %$ %'+$G '3-' *, $&,-&$ ) &7,+3$9 :% &$T4' *, %,A$+3$ ) ='0,$9 B+' &$, $ %$ %'+$9 F, &7,+3$9 c' *, %,A$+3$ (>*9 B+' 4, %$ =$+4$ 4,V$ *7 /+*3-7(,+3' ) ='0,$ &'+ ,% &$(1,2+9 :% &$(1,2+ &$, $ %$ %'+$9 F, &7,+3$9 :% -,3$4'- ='0,$ $+/($% &'+ %$* 1$-,4,*9 :% &$(1,2+ *, %,A$+3$9 :% -,3$4'- %' ;'%1,$ K$1$-/,+&/$ 4, -,$%/4$4 *$+;7T+,$K9 :% &$(1,2+ &$,G +' *, %,A$+3$ (>*9 39
Ensayo sobre débiles
B+' 4, %$ =$+4$ 4,V$ *7 /+*3-7(,+3' ) *, $&,-&$ 1$-$ -,3$- $% +7,A' &$(1,2+ &'+ %$* ($+'* 4,*+74$*9 :% +7,A' &$(1,2+ %, 1/4, @7, *, 4,3,+;$9 6%;7/,+ 1'+, 7+$ ;7/-+$%4$ 4, C%'-,* $% +7,A' &$(1,2+ &'(' */ C7,-$ 7+ 17-$ *$+;-, @7, E$ %%,;$4' 1-/(,-'9 :% +7,A' &$(1,2+ 1/4, %$ 1$%$=-$9 N:% &$(1,2+ ,* 4,*/;+$4' &'+ %$ %,3-$ BQ ;"
Q'9 .$5.$ +:6S9 +"-+/2' + $5-6-H+% "'5 #+"*.'5 .$ "'5 :6$ $5&1/ 5'"'5 $/ 565 -6+%&'5 ;'% $" =6/.'? Q /' "'5 *7/'%'? Q' '*7' 565 -+/&'5 .$ +/*=+" .$5$5;$%+.'? Q' :6*5*$%+ &+&6+%=$ "+ <$"*-*.+. -'=' 6/ +/-"+ .$ =+%*/$%'? Q' 5'@ -6";+#"$ .$ /' H+#$% $>*&+.' "+ %$='.$"+-*8/ .$ "'5 "67+%$5 .'/.$ <6* <$"*2 @ .$ /' H+#$% 65+.' $5&+ H'%+ .$ >*.+ .$ 65&$.$5 ;+%+ +"7' *=;'%&+/&$? Q' 5'@ -6";+#"$ .$ .$5;$%.*-*+% 56 >*.+ @ 56 &*$=;'? N*'59 -6+/.' &$ +#6%%+5 .$ /'5'&%'59 $/>S+ "+ '5-6%*.+. "$/&+=$/&$9 ;+%+ :6$ $""'59 "'5 $5;$-&+.'%$59 ;6$.+/ *%5$ + -+5+ 5*/ -+$%5$? \*&7-,&, %,+3$(,+3,
O' +A/ /'? J$%.'/+ "+ H'/$5&*.+.? 48"' 6/+5 ;+"+#%+5 =15? F, 4,3/,+, %$ %7. ,+ %$ 1,+7(=-$9
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e" &$ ;'/.%1 6/ &$%=8=$&%' $/ $" -'%+28/ @ &$ ;%'>'-+%1 6/+ ;$:6$X+ <*$#%$? 40
Ensayo sobre débiles
L$/ =*5$%*-'%.*+ .$ "'5 +-&'%$59 .$ +:6$""'5 :6$ +;%$/.$/ + 56<%*% -'=' '&%'5 +;%$/.$/ + 5+/+%? ,S%+"'5 $W;6$5&'5 @ >6"/$%+#"$59 6/+ -'"$-&+ .$ $WH*#*-*'/*5='5 @ 6/+ .'/+-*8/ .$ -'/56$"'? 46-*'59 =+/-H+.'5 ;'% "+ H6=$.+. .$ "+5 &+#"+5 @ "+ 5+"*>+ .$ 565 -'=;+X$%'5? O8=+.+5 .$ 5S =*5='5 >*>*$/.' #+D' 6/ -8.*7' .$ H'/'% =$&*.' $/&%$ 56$X'5? L$/ =*5$%*-'%.*+ .$ $""'59 +-&6+/.' &'.+5 "+5 /'-H$5 -'=' 6/ ;%$5' + :6*$/ "$ /*$7+/ "+ -'%%$5;'/.$/-*+? d/$5&+#"$59 */5+&*5<$-H'59 -+%7+.'5 .$" .'"'% .$" =6/.' .$" :6$ /+.*$ :6*$%$ H+-$%5$ -+%7'? LA :6$ $5&15 .$5-+"2' &$/ =*5$%*-'%.*+ .$ $""'59 .$ "'5 ;$%5'/+D$5 + "'5 :6$ %$;%$5$/&+/9 @ .$ "+5 ;$%5'/+5 :6$ "'5 $5-6-H+/? <"
Q &$/ =*5$%*-'%.*+ .$ =* 7+&+ ,$"65*/+9 :6$ H+ $5&+.' $/<$%=+ $/ $5&'5 .S+59 @ /' 5B 5* H'@ -6+/.' >6$">+ .$ <6/-*8/ >'@ + $/-'/&%+%"+ =6$%&+? +. O'* $&3'-,*G */+ -,&7=-/(/,+3'*G '=*,-A$+ %'* 4,3$%%,* @7, E$&,+ <+/&' $ &$4$ ,*1,&3$4'-9 B+$ $1'%';T$ */%,+&/'*$ 4, %$ /+&,*$+3, ,-'*/2+ ,+ %$ (,('-/$ E7($+$9 :% ,017%*$4' (/-$ 3-/*3, ) -,+&'-'*' 4,*4, *7 =73$&$9 NR7/,+ E$=%$ *,-> 4,*/;+$4' &'+ %$ %,3-$ ]Q <"
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