ensayo de vacio y corto de motor trifasico

LABORATORIO DE MAQUINAS ELECTRICAS 2

GUIA DE LABORATORIO Nº8 ENSAYO DE CIRCUITO ABIERTO Y ROTOR BLOQUEADO EN EL MOTOR ASÍNCRONO TRIFÁSICO TRIFÁSICO 1.- OBJETIVO El alumno d!"# d$"m%na" lo& 'a"#m$"o& dl (%"(u%$o )u%*aln$ dl mo$o" $"%+#&%(o d %ndu((%,n a'l%(ando lo& n&a-o& d *a(.o - d "o$o" !lo)uado/ (om'a"ando lo& "&ul$ado& (on l (%"(u%$o )u%*aln$ dl $"an&+o"mado"0 $"an&+o"mado"0 2.- FUNDAMENTO TEÓRICO El mo$o" a&.n("ono d (o""%n$ al$"na & (on&%d"a l mo$o" %ndu&$"%al 'o" 1(ln(%a/ a (au&a d la &n(%ll - +o"$ala d &u (on&$"u((%,n/ a&. (omo 'o" &u &3u"%dad d +un(%onam%n$o0 Anal%a"mo&/ a (on$%nua(%,n/ l mo$o" a&.n("ono (on($ado a una "d $"%+#&%(a/ )u & l m#& u$%l%ado n la %ndu&$"%a a($ual0 2.1.- ENSAYOS DEL MOTOR ASÍNCRONO 4a(%ndo lo& n&a-o& dl mo$o" a&.n("ono no& '"m%$ d$"m%na" lo& 'a"#m$"o& dl (%"(u%$o )u%*aln$ d la m%&ma0 E& al3o &%m%la" a la +o"ma dl $"an&+o"mado"/ 1%&$n do& $%'o& d '"u!a&/ dnom%nada&5  En&a-o d *a(.o o d "o$o" l%!"0  En&a-o d "o$o" !lo)uado o d (o"$o(%"(u%$o0 2.1.1- ENSAYO DE VACÍO O DE ROTOR LIBRE E&$a '"u!a (on&%&$ n 6a( +un(%ona" al mo$o" &%n n%n3una (a"3a m(#n%(a n l 7 dl mo$o"/ n$on(& la m#)u%na $"a!a7a a "o$o" l%!"0 S d! a'l%(a" la $n&%,n a&%3nada al '"%ma"%o 9n/ m%d%ndo la 'o$n(%a a!&o"!%da : ; - la (o""%n$ d *a(%o I ;0 E1%&$ una 3"an d%+"n(%a n$" l n&a-o dl mo$o" a&.n("ono - l (o""&'ond%n$ dl $"an&+o"mado"0 $"an&+o"mado"0 4a- )u $oma" n (un$a )u &% la ma)u%na 'ud%"a +un(%ona" n &$a '"u!a a la *lo(%dad d &%n("on%&mo n < n 9/ l d&l%am%n$o &"%a %3ual a ("o/ lo )u %nd%(a".a/ n l (%"(u%$o )u%*aln$ &".a 1a($amn$ (omo la =3u"a &%3u%n$5

Circuito !"cto #$ %otor "&'(cro(o

9

ESCUELA :ROFESIONAL DE INGENIERIA ELECTRICA


Qu la "&%&$n(%a R>( & 6a( %n=n%$a - )u n (on&(un(%a/ I> 2 &".a nula - "&ul$a".a )u 'a"a l $"an&+o"mado" ?d&'"(%ando la& '@"d%da& n l (o!" dl '"%ma"%o "&ul$a".a un &)uma &%m%la" al %nd%(ado n la =3u"a &%3u%n$5

Circuito )ui*"$(t ( *"c'o #$ tr"(&+or%"#or

S%n m!a"3o/ - (omo & 6a 1'l%(ado an$"%o"mn$/ l mo$o" a&.n("ono no 'ud 3%"a" a la *lo(%dad d &%n("on%&mo/ -a )u I> 2 &".a nula - no 1%&$%".a n%n3n 'a" l($"oma3n@$%(o n l 7/ '"o &$a".a mu- ("(ana/ & d(%"/ dado )u lo 6a(mo& +un(%ona" (on una $n&%,n U 9 - +"(un(%a nom%nal +0 En &$a& (ond%(%on& la *lo(%dad d 3%"o dl mo$o" &$a"# mu- ("(ana a la *lo(%dad d &%n("on%&mo/ d $al +o"ma )u5 S → 0 R' ∗[ ( 1− s ) / s ] E& mu- 3"and n &$a& (%"(un&$an(%a& la 'o$n(%a : ; (on&um%da 'o" l mo$o" & (omo a (on$%nua(%,n *mo&5 ⟹

2

P =W +W = PCu + P Fe + P Perd . Mec . PCu ≪¿ - PCu ≪ ¿ P Fe + P Perd. Mec . ?'u& I; IN  P ≈W + W = P Fe + P Perd . Mec . 0

1

2

1

0

1

1

1

2

Su &)uma n +o"ma &%m'l &".a d la &%3u%n$ +o"ma5

En&a-o n *a(.o0

C%"(u%$o )u%*aln$

El '"o!lma )u & 'lan$a n &$ n&a-o & )u la 'o$n(%a a!&o"!%da 'o" l mo$o" +un(%onando a "o$o" l%!" & la &uma d la& '@"d%da& n l 6%""o ma& la& '@"d%da& m(#n%(a&0 E& n(&a"%o &'a"a"a&/ 'a"a llo/ & '"o(d"# d la &%3u%n$ +o"ma5 (omnando 'o" la $n&%,n nom%nal d al%mn$a(%,n/ & %"#n "alando &u(&%*a& md%da& 2



d 'o$n(%a a d%+"n$& $n&%on&/ 6a&$a ll3a" a una $n&%,n d al%mn$a(%,n d a'"o1%madamn$ l 2 d la $n&%,n nom%nal/ (on&$"u-ndo una 3"a=(a d $%'o 'a"a!,l%(o (omo la )u & mu&$"a n la =3u"a &%3u%n$5

Una * (on&$"u%da la 3"#=(a an$"%o"/ & '"olon3a"a d%(6a (u"*a 6a&$a )u (o"$ al 7 d o"dnada& El 'un$o d (o"$ no& %nd%(a la& '@"d%da& m(#n%(a&/ -a )u n$on(& la& '@"d%da& n l F &"#n nula& al no 1%&$%" u7o0 :o" $an$o a la $n&%,n nom%nal d al%mn$a(%,n/ la& '@"d%da& n l 6%""o &"#n la 'o$n(%a $o$al a!&o"!%da mno& la& '@"d%da& m(#n%(a&0 4mo& d no$a" )u la& '"d%da& m(#n%(a& & (on&%d"an (on&$an$& 'a"a d%+"n$& *alo"& d $n&%,n d al%mn$a(%,n 'o")u una * )u l mo$o" (om%na a 3%"a" lo 6a( '"#($%(amn$ a la m%&ma *lo(%dad/ (omo d%7%mo&/ mu- ("(ana a la d &%n("on%&mo/ 'a"a d%+"n$& $n&%on& d al%mn$a(%,n/ (on lo )u la& '"d%da& m(#n%(a& & 'udn (on&%d"a" (on&$an$&0 Una * &'a"ada& la& '@"d%da& n l 6%""o d la& '@"d%da& m(#n%(a&/ $nmo& )u5 El (%"(u%$o )u%*aln$ )uda n la +o"ma )u %nd%(a l d%a3"ama d d!a7o0 En$on(&5

P Fe

{ {

U R Fe = 1 3 I Rfe= I 0 cos φ0 I Fe cos φ 0= U 1 I 0 I xμ= I 0 Senφ0 U X μ= 1 I μ

W ϕ =(W A + W B) Suma al3!"a%(a0 W V V  R PFe = NF  X m = NF  W ϕ = ϕ 3

2

2

3

1

3

W 0 1 ϕ

Q0 1 ϕ

S ϕ =√ 3 V I ¿  3

Q

= √ |S ϕ| −W ϕ 2

03ϕ

3

2

3

2.1.2.- ENSAYO DE ROTOR BLO,UEADO O DE CORTOCIRCUITO H



En &$ n&a-o lo "al%amo& !lo)uando l mo$o" %m'%d%@ndol )u 3%"/ & d(%"/ n<;/ 'o" lo )u & $nd"#5 s <9/ R( <;/ lo )u %nd%(a )u l mo$o" & (om'o"$a (omo un $"an&+o"mado" (on l &(unda"%o n (o"$o(%"(u%$o0 Al &$a$o" & l a'l%(a una $n&%,n un ("(%n$/ 'a"$%ndo d ("o/ 6a&$a )u la (o""%n$ a!&o"!%da &a la a&%3nada/ I
C%"(u%$o )u%*aln$ n n&a-o d "o$o" !lo)uado0 En$on(&/ "&um%ndo/ dado )u lo 6a(mo& +un(%ona" (on una $n&%,n U 9 - )u al %m'd%" )u 3%" o!$nmo& )u N2<;/ &<9/ R(<; - & a'l%(a al &$a$o" una $n&%,n ("(%n$ d&d ; 6a&$a )u la (o""%n$ dl mo$o" &a la nom%nal ?I 9((
Pcc=W 1+ W 2= PCu 1 + PCu 2 Pcc cos φ cc=

 =

3

U 1 cc I 1 N

U 1 cc I 1 N

} } '

R cc= R1 + R2

X cc= X 1+ X ' 2

R cc=  cos φcc '

X cc= X 1+ X 2

'

R cc= R1 + R2= '

X cc= X 1+ X 2=

U 1 cc I 1 N U 1 cc I 1 N

cos φ cc

Senφcc

R9 lo o!$nmo& 'o" md%(%,n d%"($a &o!" lo& d*anado& dl &$a$o"/ - K (( & "'a"$ n$" K9 - K>2 a +al$a d o$"a %n+o"ma(%,n K 920 Y d la =3u"a &%3u%n$ 'odmo& d(%"5 



Re! = R + R' 1

2

'

X e! = X 1 + X 2 W 1 ϕ Re! = 2 I N  cc =

V cc

X e! = √  cc

 cc = R e! + " X e!



I N 2

2

R e!

−

.- ELEMENTOS A UTILIAR :a"a lo& =n& d n&a-o & u$%l%a"#5  Mul$.m$"o&0  Au$o $"an&+o"mado" $"%+#&%(o0  a$.m$"o $"%+#&%(o0  Am'".m$"o0  ol$.m$"o0 /.- 0ROCEDIMIENTO DE EJECUCIÓN S '"o(d"# a "(ono("  %dn$%=(a" lo& $"m%nal& dl mo$o"/ la!o"a" l &)uma d (on1%on& d lo& (om'onn$& n(on$"ado&0 ?Ind%(a" l $%'o d mo$o" &3n la %n+o"ma(%,n o!$n%da0 DATOS DE :LACA





090 MEDICIN DE LAS RESISTENCIAS DE LAS BOBINAS Md%" l %n&$"umn$o (on l %n&$"umn$o ad(uado l *alo" d la "&%&$n(%a la& !o!%na& dl &$a$o" d (ada +a& - d$"m%na" l *alo" '"omd%o d la "&%&$n(%a 'o" +a& 'a"a l modlo )u%*aln$ 'o" +a& dl mo$o" d %ndu((%,n $"%+#&%(o0

020 RECONOCIMIENTO DE LOS TERMINALES R(ono(" lo& $"m%nal& dl mo$o" - "al%a" l &)uma d (on1%on& d lo& %n&$"umn$o& - +un$& )u '"m%$an 6a(" lo& n&a-o& 'a"a d$"m%na" lo& 'a"#m$"o& 'o" +a& (o""&'ond%n$&0





ENSAYO EN ACÍO0

ENSAYO CON ROTOR BLOQUEADO0

P



0H0 MEDICIN DEL ALOR DE LA TENSIN/ CORRIENTE Y :OTENCIA Md%" (on l %n&$"umn$o ad(uado l *alo" d la $n&%,n d al%mn$a(%,n dl n&a-o n *a(.o/ al (o""%n$ )u $oma d la +un$ - la 'o$n(%a )u a!&o"! n l n&a-o d *a(.o0 Md%(%on& "al%ada& n la '"u!a d mo$o" n *a(%o5 Da$a5 alo"5

I d *a(.o 9098 A

ol$a7 N 22 

 *a(.o 

00 DESARROLLO DEL ENSAYO DE ROTOR BLOQUEADO 8



D&a""oll l n&a-o d "o$o" !lo)uado &%3u%ndo &$"%($amn$ la& %nd%(a(%on& dl do(n$/ $omando la& '"*%&%on& ad(uada& 'a"a *%$a" a((%dn$&0 Md%(%on& "al%ada& n la '"u!a d mo$o" !lo)uado5

Da$a5 alo"5

I (( 909A

ol$a7 N 

(( 2

00 MODELO EQUIALENTE CON LOS ALORES Con la %n+o"ma(%,n "(ol($ada d%!u7a" l modlo )u%*aln$ 'o" +a& (on lo& *alo"& )u l (o""&'ondan a lo& d%+"n$& lmn$o& dl (%"(u%$o )u%*aln$0

.- CUESTIONARIO DE EVALUACIÓN 090 :ARÁMETROS DEL CIRCUITO EQUIALENTE EN CONDICIN DE ACÍO D$"m%n lo& 'a"#m$"o& dl (%"(u%$o )u%*aln$ dl mo$o" d %ndu((%,n n la (ond%(%,n d *a(.o0

Da$a5 alo"5

I d *a(.o 9098A

ol$a7 N 22 

A 

W ϕ =46 W . 1

2

R PF =

V NF

W 1 ϕ

=

224 46

2

=1090.78 #





I $= I%P$∗ &Im V NF =ℑ∗ Xm V X m = NF ℑ V NF X m = I$∗sen ( $ )

Dond5 S $=Vn∗ I$ S $= 264.32 VA −1

$ =cos

W S$

$ =cos−

1

46 264.32

$ = 79.98

V NF X m = I$∗sen ( $ ) X m =

224

∗sen ( 79.98 ) X m =192.77 ( 1.18

020 FORMA DE SE:ARAR :ERDIDAS EN EL ENSAYO EN ACÍO D&("%!a la +o"ma d &'a"a" la& '"d%da& "o$a(%onal& dl mo$o"/ n l n&a-o d *a(.o0 :a"a &'a"a" la& '"d%da&/ (omna"mo& 'o" la $n&%,n nom%nal d al%mn$a(%,n/ & %"#n "al%ando &u(&%*a& md%da& d 'o$n(%a a d%+"n$& $n&%on&/ 6a&$a ll3a" a una $n&%,n d al%mn$a(%,n d a'"o1%madamn$ l 2 d la $n&%,n nom%nal/ (on&$"u-ndo una 3"#=(a (omo la )u & mu&$"a5

9;



D&'u@& d "al%ada la 3"#=(a an$"%o"/ & '"olon3a"# d%(6a (u"*a 6a&$a )u (o"$ al 7 d o"dnada&0 El 'un$o d (o"$ no& %nd%(a la& '@"d%da& m(#n%(a&0 :o" $an$o a la $n&%,n nom%nal d al%mn$a(%,n/ la& '@"d%da& n l 6%""o &"#n la 'o$n(%a $o$al a!&o"!%da mno& la& '@"d%da& m(#n%(a&/ & d(%"5 P F) = P ABS*RBI+A − P P,R+I+ASM)C-NICAS

D!mo& d no$a" )u la& '@"d%da& m(#n%(a& & (on&%d"an (on&$an$& 'a"a d%+"n$& *alo"& d $n&%,n d al%mn$a(%,n 'o")u una * )u l mo$o" (om%na a 3%"a" lo 6a( +"(un$mn$ a la m%&ma *lo(%dad/ mu- ("(ana a la d &%n("on%&mo/ 'a"a d%&.m%l& $n&%on& d al%mn$a(%,n/ (on lo )u la& '@"d%da& m(#n%(a& & 'udn (on&%d"a" %n*a"%a!l&0 El *alo" d la& '"d%da& n l 6%""o a la $n&%,n a&%3nada *nd"# dado 'o" la o"dnada 1%&$n$ n$" la (u"*a : P - la 6o"%on$al P a &a $n&%,n (omo mu&$"a la =3u"a an$"%o"0 :a"a "du(%" ""o"& n la 1$"a'ola(%,n d la (u"*a 'a"a!,l%(a d la =3u"a an$"%o"/ & ma& '"a($%(o '"&n$a" P P n +un(%,n dl (uad"ado d la $n&%,n V / $al (omo d mu&$"a n la &%3u%n$ =3u"a0 Fem

m

m

Fe

m

1

En &$ (a&o la (u"*a an$"%o" & $"an&+o"ma n l.na "($a/ (u-a o"dnada n l o"%3n "'"&n$a la '"d%da m(#n%(a dl mo$o"0 99



0H0 DETERMINACIN DE LOS :ARÁMETROS DEL CIRCUITO EQUIALENTE DEL MOTOR BLOQUEADO D a(u"do a lo& "3%&$"o& d lo& %n&$"umn$o& d$"m%na" lo& 'a"#m$"o& dl (%"(u%$o )u%*aln$ dl mo$o" d %ndu((%,n (on l "o$o" !lo)uado0 Tn%ndo (omo da$o& la& md%(%on& "al%ada& n la '"u!a d mo$o" !lo)uado5

Da$a5 alo"5

I (( 909A

ol$a7 N 

(( 2

W 1 ϕ =62 W Re! =

W 1 ϕ I N

=16.99

#

2

"&<089 Re! =r s +r s

'

r s = R e!−r s '

r s =7 . 1 8 # V 49 =25.65 #  CCF = CC = I CC 1.91 '

V CCF = I F ∗ CC

 CC = Re!F + & X e!F X e!F =√  CCF

2

2

Re!F

−

X e!F =19.22 # X e!F 2

Xs= X r '

=

00 DETERMINACIN DEL DESLIVAMIENTO DEL MOTOR EN ACÍO0 D$"m%na" l d&l%am%n$o dl mo$o" n '"u!a d *a(.o - 3"a=(a" l (%"(u%$o )u%*aln$ 'o" +a& 'a"a &$a (ond%(%,n d o'"a(%,n0 4allo l d&l%am%n$o s a'l%(ando la &%3u%n$ +,"mula5 s=

n s − nm ∗100 ns

Solo (ono(mo& la *lo(%dad )u &$# n 'la(a5 92;R:M/ no & m%d%, la& "*olu(%on& 'a"a (ono(" (u#n$o & n *a(%o/ 'o" lo )u no & 'ud &a(a" &$ da$o0 92



.- OBSERVACIONES Y CONCLUSIONES  Cuando & !lo)ua l "o$o" l mo$o" d %ndu((%,n & (om'o"$a (omo un 

 

$"an&+o"mado" -a )u la +"(un(%a dl &$a$o" & %3ual a la +"(un(%a dl "o$o"0 Com'a"ando l (%"(u%$o )u%*aln$ dl n&a-o d *a(%o dl mo$o" d %ndu((%,n (on l (%"(u%$o )u%*aln$ dl $"an&+o"mado" &$a& &on (a&% &%m%la"& &% no +u"a 'o" la& (a"a($".&$%(a& d la& ma)u%na& d %ndu((%,n0 :a"a l n&a-o d "o$o" !lo)uado/ & d! 6a(" &$ n&a-o (on mo$o" d !a7a 'o$n(%a/ mno" a 24:0 S d! &Jala" n la '"u!a d *a(.o )u l mo$o" a&.n("ono no 'ud 3%"a" a la *lo(%dad d &%n("on%&mo/ -a )u I ' &".a nula - no 1%&$%".a n%n3n 'a" l($"oma3n@$%(o n l 70 La& '@"d%da& m(#n%(a& & (on&%d"an (on&$an$& 'a"a d%+"n$& *alo"& d $n&%,n d al%mn$a(%,n 'o")u una * )u l mo$o" (om%na a 3%"a" lo 6a( '"#($%(amn$ a la m%&ma *lo(%dad/ mu- ("(ana a la d &%n("on%&mo/ 'a"a d%+"n$& $n&%on& d al%mn$a(%,n/ (on lo )u la& '@"d%da& m(#n%(a& & 'udn (on&%d"a" (on&$an$&0 :a"a 6alla" l d&l%am%n$o d!mo& 6alla" la *lo(%dad dl "o$o" (on un $a(,m$"o/ n &$ la!o"a$o"%o 6allamo& no & u&, n%n3n $a(,m$"o/ d!%do a )u -a d&d un an$"%o" la!o"a$o"%o &$o& no ma"(a!an una md%da (o""($a0 2





80 BIBLIOGRAFÍA  MAQUINAS ELECTRICAS0 W&& F"a%l Mo"a0 S"*0 :u!l%(a(%on& d la E0T0S0 d    

%n3n%"o& d Cam%no&/ Canal& - :u"$o& d Mad"%d0 Fundamn$o& d la ma)u%na l@($"%(a 'o" C4A:MAN /$a d%(%,n0 6$$'5XX0d%0%&0u*a0&Xdan%lXdo(n(%aX$Xmo$o"&Z%ndu((%on0'd+ MAQUINAS EL[CTRICAS0 F%$3"ald/ \%n3&l- - Uman&0 M(G"a 4%ll 6$$'5XX0$(nolo3%a&&o0&X'd+Xl($"on%(a'd+Xmo$o"&2;((0'd+

9H


ensayo de vacio y corto de motor trifasico

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