Nelli Ceciui Olga Temnicova
Galina Paciu Zinaida Şevcenco
Marina Belaia Liudmila Rustanovici
ENGLISH PREPARATORY TESTS FOR THE 9TH FORM (SCHOOL YEAR 2013-2014)
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Test 1 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Pizza Can you name a fast food known and liked by people all around the world? What do you think would be the answer to this question? The person who answers “pizza” would be right. Pizza is a favorite food of people of all ages and nationalities. Pizza was invented in southern Italy and came to the United States after World War II. American soldiers stationed in Italy had eaten it there and loved it. Returning here, they looked for Italian restaurants with pizza in their menu. In the 1950s the pizza business was confined to Italian neighborhoods and special restaurants. In 1958 in Topeka, Kansas, two young men opened a Pizza Hut. This was the beginning of a huge chain that spread to other states and other countries. Today, about 10,000 of these pizza parlors are flourishing. In 1960 Domino’s Pizza started in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Now there are over 7,000 Domino’s Pizza parlors all over the world. Making pizza has become a big industry, and sales are getting higher each year. The demand for pizza led to the development of frozen pizza which is a popular item in supermarkets. Many of the big chain restaurants use frozen pizza. Hospitals and schools also use them. The methods used in making frozen pizza are very different from those used to make the original Italian pizza. The first pizza was made by hand in special ovens heated with wood fires. The cooks used the methods they learned from their parents and grandparents. Recently, pizzas baked in wood-burning ovens have become popular again. Nutritionists do not recommend fast food, but they do praise pizza. They say it has good food value and usually has less fat than other fast food. There are many different kinds of pizza. In one part, cheese and tomato pizza is preferred, while in another area, people want sausage pizza. Deep dish pizza, clam pizza, and bacon pizza are some other local favorites. Whatever the type, pizza’s popularity keeps on increasing. Nr. I.
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Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. Pizza is a favorite food of people only in Italy. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The use of frozen pizza is due to the great demand for pizza. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. Returning here, they looked
a. made by hand in special ovens
2. The cooks used the methods
b. they learned from their parents and grandparents.
3. The first pizza was
c. for Italian restaurants
3.
Answer the question. Where and when was pizza invented? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: __________________ – a section of a town or city; the people who live near each other __________________ – a strong need for something; a very firmstatement that you want something __________________ – to gradually affect or cover a larger area;
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to place (things) over a large area 5.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: __________________ – tiny; small __________________ – slow __________________ – the end
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: __________________ – to come back __________________ – to discover __________________ – best-loved
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7.
Explain in your own words. Whatever the type, pizza’s popularity keeps on increasing. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________
II. Grammar. Choose the right variant: 1. Is ________ (a/the/-) English easy? 2. The plane is flying ________ (at/in/on) the blue sky. 3. This is serious and we must take __________ (act/action) immediately. 4. I was really _____________ (amazing/amazed) when I was offered a new job. 5. Water ______________(boils/is boiling) at 100 degrees. 6. I _____________ (go/will go) and see Venice as I _____________ (reach/will reach) Italy. 7. When ____________________ (did you see/ have you seen) Jack? – Oh, I ____________ (didn’t meet/ haven’t met) him for ages. 8. These _________________ (gentleman/ gentlemen) problems with their ___________ (tooth/ tooths/ teeth).
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had
9. She was afraid he ___________________ (will feel/ would feel) depressed. Change into Passive Voice: 10. Someone has stolen my bicycle. _________________________ ___________________________________________________ 11. They are building a new road round the city. _______________ ___________________________________________________ Change into Reported Speech: 12. “How did you like the show?” asked Tom. _________________ ______________________________________________________ 13. “We shall have holidays next week.” said the boys. __________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
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III. Civilization topic. What attracts tourists to Moldova? (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. Will modern technology, such as internet replace the book or the written word as the main source of information? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 2 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. The two men, Lacey and Barnes, waited in their car about a quarter of a mile from the big house. They sat there in the darkness, smoking, hardly talking. It was now a little after midnight. At last they saw a light in one of the upstairs windows. It flashed once, twice, three times. “That’s the signal,” Lacey said. Both men got out of their car. They were wearing dark clothes. They now put on gloves. Lacey had a small bag of tools. “Can I bring the gun?” Barnes asked. “How many times must I tell you! No guns!” Lacey snapped. “Not while you’re working with me.” They entered the garden through a small side gate. “I hope there aren’t any dogs,” Barnes said as they crept round the edge of the garden. They were going towards the back of the house. “There are no dogs and no people here,” Lacey told him. “Except for our friend upstairs. Now keep quiet and follow me!” They entered a big yard at the back of the house “That’s the window over there,” Lacey said, pointing to a small window near the kitchen door. “You wait here. I’ll get through the kitchen window. If I can’t open the door, you’ll have to climb through the window too.” Lacey crossed the yard. He opened the window without difficulty and climbed through. But the kitchen door was locked and the key was not there. He went to the window and whistled to Barnes. “You’ll have to climb through the window, too,” he said. Just at that moment they heard the sound of a car. It was approaching the house at great speed and its lights lit up the house as it got nearer. People got out and they could hear voices. “It’s the police!” Barnes said. “It’s a trap. I knew it!” “Don’t panic!” Lacey told him. “Now listen to me. Go back to the car and wait for me there. I’ll join you as soon as I can. Off you go – and keep well in the shadows.” Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. It was 12 o’clock sharp at night. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The kitchen door was open. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.
3.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. Lacey could not
a. through a small window.
2. Lacey told Barnes
b. open the kitchen door.
3. Lacey got into the house
c. to wait.
Answer the question. How long did Lacey and Barnes sit in their car that night? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: _____________________________ – very quickly _____________________________ – a piece of open ground _____________________________ – department concerned with the keeping of public order
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Find in the text antonyms for the following words: __________________________ – open __________________________ – get out __________________________ – colourful or light (about clothes)
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Find in the text synonyms for the following words: _______________________________ – side _______________________________ – shone _______________________________ – problem
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Comment on: How do you think who Lacey and Barnes were? Why? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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II.
Grammar. Choose the right variant: 1. _______________ (A/ The/ -) games I like are football and cricket. 2. He arrived _____________ (in/ at) the airport too early. 3. Is there anything to eat _________________ (besides/ except) biscuits? 4. It’s sometimes ____________________ embarrassed) when you have to ask for help.
(embarrassing/
5. When _______________________ (do you get/ are you getting) up? 6. If the sun ____________________ (will be / is/ are) red, it is a sign that we _____________________ (have/ will have) a fine day tomorrow. 7. _________________________ (Have you heard/ Did you hear) from Jane lately?
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– Yes, I __________________ (got/ have got) a message from her last night. 8. The two __________________(woman/ women/ womans) were afraid of __________________ (mouse/ mice/ mouses). 9. They say this firm ________________________ (publish/ publishes/ will publish) this book next year. Change into Passive Voice: 10. People don’t use this road very often. ____________________ ______________________________________________________ 11. The bill includes service. ______________________________ ______________________________________________________ Change into Reported Speech: 12. Mum said: “They’ll leave for London tomorrow.” ___________ ______________________________________________________ 13. “Where are my glasses?” Grandpa asked. _________________ ______________________________________________________
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III. Civilization topic. What would you show your foreign friends in your home town? (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. If children behave badly, should their parents accept responsibility and also be punished? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 3 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Tandem felt a little nervous as he entered the school gates. He was going back to his old school after twenty years and it was a very strange experience! He crossed the school yard and walked towards the main entrance. He paused for a moment to examine the building. He could see his old classroom on the first floor. It had a broken window. “It always had broken windows!” he thought. Tandem pushed open the door and went in. It was exactly as he remembered it. The headmaster’s study was on the left; the main staffroom was on the right. While he was there, the door on the staffroom opened and two teachers came out. He caught a glimpse of the room inside. There were teachers standing near the fire, talking. Others were reading or correcting homework. Then the door closed again. Tandem decided to have a quick look round the school before calling on the headmaster. He passed classroom after classroom. When he came to his old classroom on the first floor, he paused for a moment. There was a lot of noise inside. “There was always a lot of noise!” he said to himself. Next he came to the laboratories – physics, chemistry and biology. These were new. He could see the boys inside, busy with experiments. And finally he came to the library, where a few of the older boys were working quietly. It all seemed so peaceful! Then a bell rang and within seconds the corridor was full of noisy boys, all shouting and laughing. They were like a great flood, almost carrying Tandem along with them. He was glad when he finally reached the door of the headmaster’s study. He knocked at the door and waited. “Come in!” a voice called out. The headmaster stood up to greet him as he went in. He was an old man now and Tandem hardly recognized him. “Good afternoon, Tandem,” the headmaster said. “So you’re an inspector now! Well, quite a few boys come back to visit their old school, but no one has ever come back to inspect it before!” Nr. I. 1.
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Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. Tandem felt a little excited as he entered the school gates. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Tandem decided to call on the headmaster before having a look round the school. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. While he was there
a. to greet him as he went in.
2. He paused for a moment
b. the door on the staffroom opened and two teachers came out. c. to examine the building.
3. The headmaster stood up 3.
Answer the question. Why was it difficult for Tandem to recognize the headmaster? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: __________________ – a lot of moving water __________________ – trying to find something out __________________ – room for teachers
5.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: __________________ – regular, common, usual __________________ – to forget __________________ – silence
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: __________________ – to welcome __________________ – nervous __________________ – peaceful
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Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Would you go back to see your old school? What sort of changes would you like to find there? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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II.
Grammar. Choose the right variant: 1. Will you have _______________ (a/ the/ -) cup of tea? 2. Have you ever been _______________(in/ to) Paris? 3. They live _________________ (near/ close) to the supermarket. 4. It was really _______________________ (terrifying/ terrified) experience. 5. We ___________________ (have/ are having) English classes every day. 6. I ______________________ (am/ is/ will be) glad if these hopes ____________________________ (will be/ is/ are) realized. 7. I _____________________________ (didn’t play/ haven’t
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played/ don’t play) much football since I ________________ (have left/ left/ was leaving) school. 8. The company bought a lot of ___________________ (furniture/ furnitures) for their ____________________ (office’s/ offices). 9. He’s tired because he __________________________ (has travelled/ has been travelling) around London all day. Change into Passive Voice: 10. They will open the shop on Monday. _____________________ ______________________________________________________ 11. The rainstorm has created an alarming situation. ____________ ______________________________________________________ Change into Reported Speech: 12. “Did you behave yourself at the party?” asked father. ________ ______________________________________________________ 13. “We have finished the work.” said Nick. __________________ ______________________________________________________
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III. Civilization topic. Every country is special. What comes to your mind, when you think of the UK? (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. The mass media, including TV, radio and newspapers, have great influence in shaping people’s ideas. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 4 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Gymnastics Gymnastics is a popular sport. It is also a system of exercises that aids to one’s physical development. Gymnastics began in ancient Greece. The Greeks used it to train for strenuous games before it became a competitive sport. The Romans later adopted this sport from the Greeks, but when Rome fell in 410 A.D., gymnastics disappeared. In Europe in the early 1800s there was a renewed interest in sports. Gymnastics became popular, and men, women, and children enjoyed it. Friedrich Jahn, a German, is often called the father of the sport. During the early 1800s he formed several gymnastics clubs. Jahn also invented the parallel bars and vaulting horse. In Germany, muscular development and set work with special equipment was stressed. Later, in both France and Switzerland, a new system of gymnastics was developed where people did the same routines at the same time. Sweden also had its own form of the sport which stressed free exercises done on the ground. The aim was to reach perfect rhythmic movement. During the 1800s immigrants started gymnastics clubs in the United States. In the 1940s, during World War II, there was an increased emphasis on physical training, and gymnastics became more popular. It wasn’t until the 1970s, though, that the sport became really well liked in the USA. In 1970 Cathy Rigby was the first American to win a medal in international competition. This victory stimulated great interest in the sport. Today this international sport combines the German and Swedish systems. In all contests men and women perform in separate events and must do set exercises. They are judged on form, ease of performance, correctness, and skill in combining the parts of the exercises. Performers are also required to make up their own routines. They are judged on difficulty, originality, beauty, and skill of performance. Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. Gymnastics became popular only among men. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Nowadays gymnastics combines the German and Swedish systems. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. The Greeks used it
a. with special equipment was stressed. b. great interest in the sport. c. to train for strenuous games.
2. This victory stimulated 3. In Germany, muscular development and set work 3.
Answer the question. Where did gymnastics begin? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: __________________ – physical activity that you do to make your body strong and healthy. __________________ – the set of necessary tools, clothing, etc. for a particular purpose. __________________ – an organized event in which people try to win a prize by being the best, fastest, etc.
5.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: __________________ – modern __________________ – connected, united __________________ – defeat, failure
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: __________________ – laborious, hard __________________ – to help __________________ – to encourage, to provoke
7.
Explain in your own words. They are judged on form, ease of performance, correctness, and skill in combining the parts of the exercises. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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II.
Grammar. Choose the right variant: 1. _________________ (A/ The/ - ) book you are reading is mine. 2. They arrived ______________ (in/ at) Paris late ____________ (at/ in) night. 3. William had already ________________ (lit/ lightened) the fire. 4. We were ___________________ (disappointing/ disappointed) with the film. 5. “ _________________________ (Do you wear/ Are you wearing) a new hat?” “Yes, I am.” 6. If you _______________________ (leave/ will leave) school soon, you ________________ (forget/ will forget) what you have learned.
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7. He is a man who ___________________________ (lives/ has lived/ lived) a remarkable life. 8. Two new _________________ (piano/ pianos/ pianoes) and some ___________________ (radio/ radioes/ radios) were delivered to the club. 9. He ______________________ (has visited/ has been visiting) ten museums today. Change into Passive Voice: 10. They saw a ghost in the churchyard last night. ______________ ______________________________________________________ 11. They will widen this road soon. _________________________ ______________________________________________________ Change into Reported Speech: 12. “Stop teasing me, Nick.” Mum asked. ____________________ ______________________________________________________ 13. “I’m thinking of going to live in Canada,” said Sam. _________ ______________________________________________________
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III. Civilization topic. Every country is special. What comes to your mind, when you think of Moldova and its people? (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. Does travel help to promote understanding and communication between countries? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 5 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Tulipomania The beautiful colors and graceful shapes of tulips are admired wherever they are seen – in gardens, parks, and florist’s shops. Most people do not know that there are some interesting stories about tulips. The name comes from a Turkish word which means turban since the flowers look a little like turbans. Tulips were brought from Turkey to Austria in 1560. An ambassador from Austria had seen them and was so enthralled by them that he brought some enthrals back to his country. A German banker saw them there and planted some in his gardens. They were then brought to Holland by a botany professor who tried to sell them. He was unsuccessful, though, since he wanted too much money. However, one night a thief dug up his bulbs and sold them for high prices. Tulip bulbs became very valuable in Holland in the 1630s. Holland was active in world trade and was a wealthy nation. Dutch dealers bought, sold, and traded tulips just as people today buy and sell stocks and precious metals. This widespread craze for planting, growing, and selling tulips was called “tulipomania.” Anyone who could find the money to do it bought and planted tulips. They hoped to make big fortunes from selling the bulbs. For a time, these tulip growers were able to sell their bulbs for very high prices. One bulb of a rare species is said to have been sold for over $8,000. In those days that was an enormous amount of money. Then came the big crash! When people speculate, they lose their money if prices fall. This is what happened in Holland. There were too many tulip growers, and there were more sellers than buyers. Thus, tulipomania ended in 1637. Luckily, though, over the years people in Europe and America have continued to grow and breed tulips. Many different kinds of tulips have been developed. The beautiful streaked colours in some varieties are due to a virus which affects the colour, but not the health of the plants. Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. An ambassador from Austria had seen tulips and was so surprised by them that he brought some bulbs back to his country. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The word “tulipomania” means a craze to raise tulips and sell them for big profits. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. Tulips were brought from Turkey a. bought and planted tulips. 2. Anyone who could find the money b. to Austria in 1560. to do it 3. Many different kinds of tulips c. have been developed.
3.
Answer the question. How did tulipomania end? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: __________________ – a senior official who lives in a foreign country and represents his or her own country there. __________________ – the part of a plant that is shaped like an onion from which a flower grows. You plant them in the ground. __________________ – something that suddenly becomes very popular, but for only a short time.
5.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: __________________ – cheap, worthless, insignificant __________________ – low, short __________________ – to rise, to climb
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: __________________ – to charm, to enchant __________________ – broad, common, extensive __________________ – huge, gigantic
7.
Explain in your own words. When people speculate, they lose their money if prices fall. ______ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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II.
Grammar. Choose the right variant: 1. We never go to _____________ (a/ the/ -) school on ___________ (the/ -) Sunday. 2. I’ll be waiting for you ______________ (on/at) the bus stop. 3. Lucy always gets the _________________ (blame/ fault) for being naughty. 4. Are you ____________________ (interesting/ interested) in football? 5. “Look! She _________________________ (comes/ is coming).” 6. I trust the next mail __________________________ (bring/ brings/ will bring) better news from home.
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7. He cannot see well as he ___________________________ (becomes/ has become/ became) short- sighted. 8. Economic ___________________ (crisises/ crises) took place in different _______________ (countries/ countrys/ country). 9. Tom ____________________________ (worked/ has been working) as a postman for a month. Change into Passive Voice: 10. They will open a new hotel next year. _____________________ ______________________________________________________ 11. They didn’t offer Ann the job. ___________________________ ______________________________________________________ Change into Reported Speech: 12. “Don’t forget to post the letter,” said Fred. _________________ ______________________________________________________ 13. “I’ve been playing tennis a lot recently,” told your friend. _____ ______________________________________________________
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III. Civilization topic. What do you think your British friends will tell you about their traditional holidays and celebrations? (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. Will the Internet bring people of the world closer together? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 6 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. The City of Pompeii The city of Pompeii, in southern Italy on the Bay of Naples, was buried by a volcano on August 26, 79 A.D. The city had been built at the foot of Mt. Vesuvius, a volcano, about four and one-half miles southeast of the top. At the time of its destruction Pompeii was a busy city of about 25,000 people. It covered about 160 acres and was encircled by a wall with eight gates. It was known as a resort city for rich people. Mt. Vesuvius had been quiet for so many years that it was thought to be extinct. Then, on that fateful day, it suddenly erupted, and Pompeii and nearby places were wiped out by a rain of hot ashes. People had no way to escape so both the city and the people were buried. They were not found until excavations were made in the 1860s. However, the same force that destroyed Pompeii preserved it. The ashes mixed with strong rains cooled and hardened. This volcanic debris covered the city and preserved it. From the many excavations came knowledge of life as it had been before the eruption. The excavations revealed a well-preserved city. Everything was found as it was when people rushed in vain to escape the hot ashes and the deadly fumes. A number of years ago an exhibit showing the old city of Pompeii was loaned to museums in several countries. Huge crowds came to see the exhibition, and they were amazed at what they saw. The buildings and people looked as they had 1900 years ago. Plaster casts of people and animals seemed real. Visitors saw the town plan, the sidewalks, the houses, the gardens, and the shops. They saw the public baths and the outdoor theaters, too. Also there were exhibited the things used in daily life, like tools and pottery. Beautiful art and artifacts were also in the show. There were walls with fine paintings and floors with mosaic designs of small coloured stones. There were bronze and marble statues, gold and silver objects, and glass. These treasures could be seen in Naples and Pompeii until the terrible earthquake of 1980, when many of them were destroyed. Now visitors can see what is left of these treasures at the National Archeological Museum in Naples. Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. The city of Pompeii was known as a resort city for all people. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The people in old Pompeii lost their lives because they did not expect Vesuvius to erupt. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. This volcanic debris 2. The city had been built 3. The buildings and people looked
3.
a. as they had 1900 years ago. b. covered the city and preserved it. c. at the foot of Mt. Vesuvius.
Answer the question. Did the people of Pompeii escape the hot ashes and deadly fumes? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below:
5.
__________________ – the process of digging in the ground to find things from the past. __________________ – the broken pieces that are left when something large has been destroyed, especially by an explosion, fire, or accident. __________________ – ruins or remains, as after destruction or burning Find in the text antonyms for the following words: __________________ – loud, noisy __________________ – to conceal, to hide __________________ – bottom, foot
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: __________________ – to protect, to save __________________ – vanished __________________ – device, instrument
7.
Explain in your own words. Then, on that fateful day, it suddenly erupted, and Pompeii and nearby places were wiped out by a rain of hot ashes. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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II.
Grammar. Choose the right variant: 1. Moldovans like ______________ (a/ the/ -) wine. 2. The note is ________________ (in/ at) the bottom of the page. 3. Mary is three years ______________ (elder/ older) than Mike, her classmate. 4. The football match was quite _________________ (exciting/ excited). 5. “Where is Paul?” “He ______________________ (plays/ is playing) with Derek.” 6. I think he _____________________ (don’t know/ doesn’t know/ won’t know) when Jack _____________________________ (returns/ return/ will return).
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7. I ___________________________ (have lost/ has lost/ lost) my keys and cannot remember where I __________________________ (saw/ have seen/ has seen) them last. 8. You should hide the ___________________ (knives/ knifes) from ____________________ (childs/ children). 9. How long _____________________ (has she known/ has she been knowing) Jean-Pierre? Change into Passive Voice: 10. Everyone likes Greg. __________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 11. An ambulance has taken the patient to hospital. _____________ ______________________________________________________ Change into Reported Speech: 12. Mary: “Tom had an accident last week.” __________________ ______________________________________________________ 13. “I’ll be here next week,” promised Ben. ___________________ ______________________________________________________
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0 1 2 3 4
III. Civilization topic. Welcome to New Zealand… There is no place like it. Write Top Five suggestions for a truly unforgettable experience. (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. Foreign language instruction should begin in the kindergarten. Do you agree? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 7 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Andy Barton was in a bad mood. It was Friday, and at six o’clock his favourite programme, Travel with us, was on TV. Andy likes to get home in good time for that. But then, just as he was leaving the office a little early, a customer rang up with a few complaints. The customer complained steadily for the next fifteen minutes! “I can still get home in time if I hurry,” Andy told himself as he dashed out of the office. But then, as he drove off in his car, he noticed that he was almost out of petrol. “I’ll have to stop at Fenton’s,” Andy thought. He hated Fenton’s because it was a self-service petrol station. “You do all the work yourself, but you pay the same for the petrol,” he used to grumble. But at Fenton’s things went wrong again! The pump was not working properly and it took ages to get petrol. It was four minutes to six by the time Andy jumped back into his car and drove off. But at two minutes past six he was sitting in front of the television, watching Travel with us. He was on his way to Japan! Then the phone rang. “Shall I answer it?” Andy thought. He tried to concentrate on Japan and forget the phone. But it kept on ringing and finally he picked it up. “Mr. Barton?” a voice said. “Fenton’s Garage here.” “Fenton’s?” said Andy. “Why, I was at your place only a few minutes ago, getting some petrol. Did I leave something behind or what?” “No, you didn’t. Mr. Barton,” the voice went on. “That’s just the trouble! You didn’t leave anything behind! You went off without paying for your petrol, you see! Now normally, when that happens, we ring up the police. But luckily I recognized you because I live in the same street as you, and I knew it was a mistake.” “I’m really very sorry,” Mr. Barton said. “Oh, that’s all right, Mr. Barton. These things happen! But could you come round now and pay for your petrol? And please hurry! We close at half past six!” Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. Andy liked to get home in good time for watching his favourite TV programme. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The pump was working properly and it took seconds to get petrol. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Results
A 0 1 2 3 4
2.
3.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. It was four minutes to six
a. and forget the phone.
2. Normally, when that happens, 3. He tried to concentrate on Japan
b. by the time Andy jumped back into his car and drove off. c. we ring up the police.
Answer the question. Was the man at Fenton’s Garage angry with Andy? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: __________________ – to leave a place in a hurry to get something __________________ – pay attention to __________________ – the practice of serving oneself
5.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: __________________ – good mood __________________ – satisfaction __________________ – unsteadily
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: __________________ – annoyed __________________ – a long time __________________ – preferred
7.
A 0 1 2 3 A 0 1 2 3 4 A 0 1 2 3 A 0 1 2 3 A 0 1 2 3
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Would you do the same as Andy and call the customer who didn’t pay for his petrol, or you would ring up the police? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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A 0 1 3 5 7 10
II.
Grammar. Choose the right variant: 1. Mr. West is ____________(a/ the/ -) teacher. 2. Our parents didn’t go _________________ (to/ in) work. 3. She was extremely _______________ (nervous/ annoyed) about his bad behaviour. 4. Everybody was very _________________ (shocking/ shocked) by this tragedy. 5. I __________________ (see/ am seeing) Becky on Monday. 6. He ______________________ (become/ becomes/ will become) a doctor when he ____________________________ (grow/ grows/ will grow) up.
A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
7. I can __________________ (reached/ reach) my work easily now, as I ______________________________ (have bought/ bought) a new car. 8. The scientists studied the _________________ (datum/ data) and discovered some new _____________________________ (phenomena/ phenomenon). 9. Angela ___________________________ (has bought/ bought) her flat a few months ago. Change into Passive Voice: 10. They will take a decision at the next meeting. ______________ ______________________________________________________ 11. We can solve this problem. _____________________________ ______________________________________________________ Change into Reported Speech: 12. Ann: “I can’t go to the party on Friday.” ___________________ ______________________________________________________ 13. “I’ll phone when I get back.” said Pete.____________________ ______________________________________________________
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III. Civilization topic. Every country is special. What comes to your mind, when you think of the USA? (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. Computers are used in businesses, hospitals, crime detection and even to fly planes. What things will they be used for in future? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 8 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Chocolate The first people to love chocolate were the Mayans and the Aztecs of Mexico. They grew cocoa trees and used the cocoa beans to make chocolate. In fact, the word chocolate comes from the Aztec-Mayan word chocolatl, which was the name of the cold, bitter drink they made by mixing cocoa beans with liquid. In 1502 Christopher Columbus became the first European to taste chocolate. Seventeen years later, the Spanish explorer Fernando Cortez had a chocolate drink at the Aztec court in Mexico. The Aztecs also used cocoa beans as money. Cortez was so impressed by this that he started a large cocoa farm to grow “money” for Spain. He also took some beans with him when he left and planted them in other countries. When Cortez returned to Spain, he brought back chocolatl. The Spanish added sugar to it. Soon a sweet, hot drink was the style, but it cost a lot and was considered a great luxury. In 1606 an Italian brought some chocolate home with him from Spain. From Italy it went to Austria where the royalty loved chocolate so much that they took it with them when they went to other countries. Soon many countries were growing cocoa beans in their colonies and processing them in Europe. At first, chocolate was made by hand. However, after the steam engine was invented in the late 1700s, it was used to grind chocolate. Other improvements followed. Chocolate had always been in a liquid or paste form, but in 1828, a Dutch chemist named Van Houten invented a powdered form. Because of this powder, new types of chocolate could be made, and a smoother chocolate was invented. Then, in 1847, an English company introduced a solid chocolate candy. Later, milk chocolate was introduced in Switzerland. During the twentieth century filled chocolate and chocolate candy bars appeared. Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. A solid chocolate candy was introduced in the 18th century. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The word chocolate comes from the Aztec-Mayan word chocolatl, which meant the bitter drink they made by mixing ground cocoa beans with liquid. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Results
A 0 1 2 3 4
2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. The Aztecs also used cocoa beans 2. Soon many countries were growing cocoa beans in their colonies and 3. Other improvements
3.
a. processing them in Europe. b. followed. c. as money.
Answer the question. Who do you think could be called “the father” of chocolate? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: __________________ – to try or test the flavour or quality of (something) by taking some into the mouth __________________ – the edible nutritious seed of various plants of the legume family __________________ – to unite or join so as to increase the number, quantity, size
5.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: __________________ – sweet __________________ – early __________________ – liquid
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: __________________ – to arise, be present, come out __________________ – to crush, to mill, to powder __________________ – polished, silky
7.
Explain in your own words. Soon a sweet, hot drink was the style, but it cost a lot and was considered a great luxury. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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A 0 1 2 3 A 0 1 2 3 4 A 0 1 2 3
A 0 1 2 3 A 0 1 2 3 A 0 1 3 5 7 10
II.
Grammar. Choose the right variant: 1. ___________ (A/ The/ -) I go to is near ___________ (a/ the/ -) park. 2. We are going _____________ (in/ to) New York in a week. 3. Later on, the girls felt ____________________ (guilty/ embarrassed) about cheating. 4. Do you easily get _____________________ (embarrassing/ embarrassed)? 5. She ____________________ (weighs/ is weighing) 100 kilos. 6. The nurses are not sure if the patient ____________________ (will recover/ recovers).
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7. He ____________________ (became/ have become/ has become) very rich now. 8. Those ladies bought three __________________ (kilo/kiloes/ kilos) of _________________ (tomatoes/ tomatos) and a lot of _________________ (potatoes/potatos). 9. Alan _______________ (has been/ has gone) to South America. Change into Passive Voice: 10. Did anyone invite Ann to the party? ______________________ ______________________________________________________ 11. The mechanic discovered the problem. ____________________ ______________________________________________________ Change into Reported Speech: 12. Mr. Jones said: “I bought this diamond ring for my wife.” ____ ______________________________________________________ 13. The customer said: “My new radio doesn’t work.” __________ ______________________________________________________
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III. Civilization topic. Write about the most famous places in the UK (what they are like (inside and outside); their history and any other interesting facts about them). (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. Parents are the best teachers. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 9 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. St. John’s Hospital Montreal
June 25th
Dear Ellen, Well, I promised to write to you while I was on holiday but, honestly, I didn’t expect to write to you from hospital! Perhaps I had better explain! I went to the conference last week. Most of it was boring, but I met a few interesting (and pleasant!) people. As usual, we all ate too much and didn’t get enough sleep, so by the end of the week I was ready for a holiday – and a rest! A friend let me a small house in the hills for a few days. The place is about sixty miles from Montreal, and quite isolated – just trees, birds and small animals. I went by car and took a plenty of food with me. I slept well that night and got up bright and early the following morning, intending to go for a walk. However, in a shed behind the house, I discovered a very old bicycle. “A good way to see the countryside,” I thought as I set off after breakfast. Everything went well for the first ten miles. Then I came to a steep hill. Well, I managed to reach the top without getting off my bike (much to my surprise!) and began to go downhill. And then the trouble started! The brakes didn’t work! I kept on trying the brakes – and suddenly they did work! Of course by this time I was going much too fast and I shot off the bike into some bushes. I broke my left arm, injured my shoulder and I have cuts and bruises all over. I was lucky I didn’t break my neck! Otherwise, I’m all right! In a few days I shall be out of hospital and on my way home. But it hasn’t been much of a holiday! Don’t send any flowers or chocolates, but come and meet me at the airport if you like. Love, Jan. P.S. I’m arriving on Monday July 9 on Flight AC 866 from Montreal. Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. I went by train and took a plenty of food with me. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Everything went well for the first ten miles. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. Most of it was boring,
a. took a plenty of food with me.
2. I went by car and
b. but come and meet me at the airport if you like. c. but I met a few interesting people.
3. Don’t send any flowers or chocolates, 3.
Answer the question. Did Jane hurt herself when she fell off the bike? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: __________________ – something to make the bike stop __________________ – fell suddenly __________________ – to tell the truth
5.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: __________________ – interesting __________________ – work __________________ – unpleasant
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: __________________ – meeting __________________ – high __________________ – vacation
7.
A 0 1 2 3 A 0 1 2 3 4 A 0 1 2 3 A 0 1 2 3 A 0 1 2 3
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Jane had a very unpleasant experience on her life. Has anything like this happened to you? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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A 0 1 3 5 7 10
II.
Grammar. Choose the right variant: 1. He is going to have __________________ (a/ the/ -) lunch now. 2. ____________ (On/In) a cold morning I stay ____________ (in/at) home. 3. The sun is much ____________________ (further/ farther) from us than the moon. 4. Is his life really so ________________ (boring/ bored)? 5. Don’t disturb me. I ___________________ (listen/ am listening) to music. 6. Please stop before you _____________________ (will get/ get) into trouble.
A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
7. Years ago he ____________________ (was/ were/ has been) very poor, and ________________________ (didn’t know/ hasn’t known/ haven’t known) how to live. 8. They give me very _______________ (many/ much) good _________________ (advice/ advices) in that situation. 9. She __________________________ (has been finding/ has found) a good job. Change into Passive Voice: 10. Workmen are painting the third floor. _____________________ ______________________________________________________ 11. The library will offer many new programs next year. _________ ______________________________________________________ Change into Reported Speech: 12. The man asked: “Did Mr. Fox finish his Speech?” ___________ ______________________________________________________ 13. Mary said: “When I see Bob, I will tell him the truth.” _______ ______________________________________________________
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III. Civilization topic. Write about the most famous places in the USA (what they are like (inside and outside); their history and any other interesting facts about them). (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 10 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Mother Teresa Each year Sweden presents a set of distinguished awards called Nobel Prizes to men and women from all over the world. They are given in six fields of work for outstanding contributions that have benefitted humanity. In 1979 the Nobel Prize for Piece went to Mother Teresa. This Roman Catholic nun was known as “the saint of the gutters”. In explaining why they had chosen the nun for the award, the Committee said, “Poverty and hunger and distress also constitute a threat to peace.” Mother Teresa used her $190,000 Nobel Prize money to help the poor. She said, “Works of love are works of peace.” What had this sixty-year-old nun done to receive such a great honour? For over 30 years she had been working among the poorest of the poor in the slums of Calcutta. She helped the diseased and the dying who were deserted and uncared for. She looked after the street orphans, the disabled, and the old. To all of them, she gave love regardless of social class, belief, nationality, or race. After teaching many years in Calcutta school for well-to-do Indian girls, she founded a new religious order in 1946, the Missionaries of Charity, to do work throughout the world. The sisters’ free help to the poor includes the lowest kind of service. They work long hours, live in strict poverty, and wear the coarse white cotton sari worn by the poorest Indian women. Some even go without shoes. In addition to the nuns, Mother Teresa also organized thousands of lay people as co-workers. These volunteers also provide free services to aid the poor. In 1997 Mother Teresa died at the age of 87. At the time of her death the Missionaries of Charity was running over five hundred orphanages, homes for the poor, AIDS hospices, and other charity centers worldwide. Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. Mother Teresa worked with all people needing help. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Mother Teresa used her $190,000 Nobel Prize money to help children. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Results
A 0 1 2 3 4
2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. This Roman Catholic nun was known 2. These volunteers also provide
a. free services to aid the poor.
b. who were deserted and uncared for. 3. She helped the diseased and the c. as “the saint of the gutters”. dying
3.
Answer the question. What did Mother Teresa do to receive Nobel Prizes? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: __________________ – bankrupt, needy, poor __________________ – distrust, doubt __________________ – smooth, soft
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: __________________ – to assist, to support __________________ – abandoned, isolated, lonely __________________ – handicapped
7.
A 0 1 2 3 4
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: __________________ – a prize that is given to someone who has achieved something __________________ – a situation or an activity that could cause harm or danger __________________ – a person who does something, especially helping other people, willingly and without being forced or paid to do it
5.
A 0 1 2 3
Explain in your own words. They are given in six fields of work for outstanding contributions that have benefitted humanity. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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A 0 1 2 3
A 0 1 2 3 A 0 1 2 3 A 0 1 3 5 7 10
II.
Grammar. Choose the right variant: 1. He visits England twice __________________ (a/ the/ -) year. 2. Both the words are _____________ (at/ on) the top of the page. 3. Please, put _______________ (fewer/ less) water in the soup when you cook. 4. Why do you always look so ______________ (boring/ bored)? 5. You _____________________ (look/ are looking) great. 6. I ___________________ (stay/ will stay) with Mother if you _____________________ (go/ will go) and ________________ (telephone/ will telephone) the doctor. 7. He ____________________ (forgot/ has forgotten) his French since he _____________________________________ (left/ has left/ have left) Paris.
A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
8. They got a lot of important ________________________ (information/ informations) from the company. 9. How long __________________________________ (has Angela been living/ does Angela live) in Paris. Change into Passive Voice: 10. Many children used the library last year. __________________ ______________________________________________________ 11. The hurricane has left many people homeless. ______________ ______________________________________________________ Change into Reported Speech: 12. Nick said: “I can drive you there.” _______________________ ______________________________________________________ 13. “Sue arrived last week,” my friend told me. ________________ ______________________________________________________
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0 1 2 3 4
III. Civilization topic. Welcome to Australia… There is no place like it. Write Top Five suggestions for a truly unforgettable experience. (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
A 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
IV. Written production. What are some important qualities of a good friend? Why are these qualities so important? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 11 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Aunt Jane is now well over seventy, but she is still a great cinema-goer. The cinema in our town closed down years ago and sometimes she has to travel twenty miles or more to see a good film. And once a month at least she goes up to London to see the latest foreign films. Of course she could see most of these films on television, but the idea does not attract her. “It isn’t the same,” she says. “For one thing, the screen’s too small. Besides, I like going to the cinema!” One thing has always puzzled us. Although Aunt Jane has lots of friends and enjoys company, she always goes to the cinema alone. We discovered the reason for this only recently – from mother. “It may surprise you to learn that Aunt Jane wanted to be an actress when she was young,” she told us. “She used to wait outside film studios all day, just to appear in the crowd at a railway station or in the street! Sometimes she did not even know the name of the film they were making, so she couldn’t go to see herself at the cinema!” “All the time, of course, she was looking for a small part in a film. Her big chance came when they started to make a film in our town. Jane managed to meet the director at a party, and he offered her a role as a shopkeeper. It really was a very small part – she only had a few lines to say – but it was an important moment for Jane. Before the great event, she rehearsed for days. In fact, she turned the sitting-room into a shop! We all had to help, going in and out of the shop until she was word perfect. And on the actual day she was marvellous. The director congratulated her. Jane thought that this was the beginning of her film career!” “Unfortunately, in the need, they did not include the shop scene in the film. But nobody told Jane. When the film first appeared in London, she took all her friends to see it. And of course she wasn’t in it! It was a terrible blow! She stopped going to film studios and gave up the idea of becoming an actress. She still loves cinemas, as you all know, but from that day she has always gone alone!” Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. Aunt Jane has no friends and she always goes to the cinema alone. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Aunt Jane wanted to be an actress when she was young. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Results
A 0 1 2 3 4
2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. Aunt Jane is now well over seventy, 2. We all had to help, 3. Before the great event,
3.
a. going in and out of the shop until she was word perfect. b. but she is still a great cinemagoer. c. she rehearsed for days.
Answer the question. Why did Aunt Jane stop going to film studios and gave up the idea of becoming an actress? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: __________________ – part in film or play __________________ – much more than __________________ – where films are made
5.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: __________________ – first __________________ – the end __________________ – ordinary
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: __________________ – disappointment __________________ – practiced __________________ – made into
7.
A 0 1 2 3 A 0 1 2 3 4 A 0 1 2 3 A 0 1 2 3 A 0 1 2 3
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Would you like to be in a film too? Choose a role which you think you could play. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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A 0 1 3 5 7 10
II.
Grammar. Read the text and write the words in brackets in the correct form or choose the right one: English is spoken ___________________ (of/ at/ by) 1,9 billion people around the world, _____________________ (include) 350 million native ___________________ (speak). English is spoken as a first language on all 5 continents, and has become the language of global __________________________ (communicate). Of course, English first came from England. It ______________ (quick) spread around the globe, arriving in North America in the 17th century and ______________________ (late) in Australia and Africa. As ______________ (this/ that/ these) countries were far from England, different ______________________ (vary) of English started to develop, using ____________________ (differ) words, accents and even ______________________ (spell).
A 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
III. Civilization topic. English is the language that conquered the world. Why did it happen? (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher. Which do you prefer? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 12 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Mozart Mozart, one of the world’s greatest composers, died over 200 years ago. His brilliant music, though, lives on and is admired by music lovers throughout the world. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria, in 1756. He died at the age of 35, but in his short life he composed over 600 works in nearly every musical form. They include 22 operas, 41 symphonies, many concerts and sonatas as well as chamber music and all kinds of church music. Mozart was a child prodigy who showed his musical talent at an incredibly early age. At four, he was able to play the harpsichord, and at five, he started to write music. His father was a composer and a musician who encouraged his gifted son. Wolfgang never went to school because his father taught him at home. His elder sister was also talented, and their father took them on tours of Europe. When Wolfgang was six, the children played for the royal family in Vienna. For the next three years they performed at other royal courts. Wolfgang was called “the wonder child”. In England he met the composer Johann Sebastian Bach, whose music greatly influenced the eight-year-old child. When he was twelve, he composed his first operas and symphonies. At thirteen, he started working for the Archbishop of Salzburg, writing church music. He spent much of the next three years in Italy, where his first opera was produced. As he got older and was no longer a child prodigy, people took less notice of him. He married at 26 and settled in Vienna. There he met Joseph Haydn, a composer who became his friend and with whom he worked. He gave music lessons and went on concert tours but could not make enough money to support his family. His health failed early, and one of the greatest musical geniuses of all times died in poverty. Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. The public loses interest in child prodigies because as they get older, they are no longer unusual children. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Mozart has had worldwide popularity because of his church music. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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A 0 1 2 3 4
2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. Wolfgang was called 2. His father was a composer and a musician 3. For the next three years
3.
a. they performed at other royal courts. b. “the wonder child”. c. who encouraged his gifted son.
Answer the question. In what musical forms did Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart compose his works? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: __________________ – to end, to finish __________________ – luxury, richness __________________ – to succeed, to triumph
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: __________________ – following, nearest __________________ – exceptional, splendid __________________ – skilled, talented
7.
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Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: _________________ – a building that is used for Christian religious services _________________ – someone with a very great ability that usually shows itself when that person is a young child _________________ – an institution or building at which children and young people usually under 19 receive education
5.
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Explain in your own words. His brilliant music, though, lives on and is admired by music lovers throughout the world. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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II.
Grammar. Read the text and write the words in brackets in the correct form or choose the right one: Canada is a __________________ (mass) country full of wideopen spaces. ____________ (In/ With/ At) magnificent scenery, it is one of the great _____________________ (spoil (neg.)) areas of the world. If you have the chance, make sure you go ___________________ (of/ off/to) Niagara Falls,which are the top ____________________ (attract) in the North America and one of the most spectacular sights anywhere. ______________________ (Visit) who are not _________________ (easy) scared can take a boat ride to the edge of the __________________ (roar) falls, almost right down the huge torrent of white water. You can walk
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through ___________________________ (amaze) rock-out tunnels for a terrific close-up look _______(from/ at/ by) behind the falls. III. Civilization topic. Healthy way of life is popular with the old and the young. What do you need to do to keep yourself healthy? (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you think this is a good idea? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 13 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. When a cheque for £200.000 arrived in the post one morning, Mrs. Wood nearly fainted. She did the football pools every week, but she never expected to win anything. She never mentioned it to her family because she did not want them laugh at her. Her husband and her son Ron knew all about football. They did the pools every week too and quite often won a few pounds. The family was in the kitchen when she came in holding the cheque, unable to say a word. Her husband took the cheque from her and put it in the middle of the kitchen table. Her son made her sit down and her daughter Diane gave her a cup of tea. Two hundred thousand pounds! They forgot all about Mrs. Wood and began to argue about the money. “Well, I’ll be able to give up my job at last and stay at home,” said Mr. Wood. He was fifty-two and worked as a lorry driver. “We’ll buy a nice house in the country, a new car – and have a nice easy life!” “Don’t be selfish, Dad!” exclaimed Ron. “You’re old – you don’t need the money! There’s nothing wrong with this house and you’ve got a car already. No, I have a different idea. We’ll start a business – something in computers or video. I’ll run it and you can help. And we’ll share the profits.” “Just listen to you!” Diane said. “You’re just selfish as Dad! And you’re both stupid! This money won’t do us any good … can’t you see that? It’ll ruin our lives. Money always ruins people’s lives. The best thing to do is to send the cheque back, or else give it to charity.” Then a real argument broke out. It went on until a voice interrupted them. “Stop it, all of you!” It was Mrs. Wood, with a determined look on her face. “Now listen to me,” she said, standing up. “You’re all forgotten something, haven’t you? This is my money, not yours. I won it and I’m going to spend it. Of course I’ll give you all a share. After all, you are my family! But I’ll make the decisions! Is that clear?” Mrs. Wood picked up the cheque and put it in her pocket. Then, without saying another word, she walked out of the room. Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. Mrs Wood got a cheque by post. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The family didn’t argue about the cheque. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.
3.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. Mrs Wood interrupted
a. sit down.
2. Ron made his mother
b. it was her money.
3. Mrs Wood told her family
c. the argument.
Answer the question. Did Mrs. Wood know anything about football? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: _____________________________ – thinking only of oneself _____________________________ – to fall down unconscious _____________________________ – strong motor-vehicle used for carrying goods
5.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: _____________________________ – to build _____________________________ – not to surrender _____________________________ – to remember, to keep in mind
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: _______________________________ – altruism, benevolence _______________________________ – career, occupation _______________________________ – capital, bank-notes
7.
Comment on: What would you do with a lot of money if you won it? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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II.
Grammar. Read the text and write the words in brackets in the correct form or choose the right one: Sometimes a new _______________________ (invent) or the new ____________________ (introduce) fails to make the ____________________ (impress) on our live that people thought it would. Home _____________________ (entertain) is one area where ______________________ (it is/ there is) a constant stream of new ______________________ (product), only a few of which will become _______________________ (success) and a part of everyday life. This is a cause of great _______________________ (anxious) to designers and manufacturers ____________________ (which/ who) invest large sums of money in the research and ____________________________ (develop) of new technologies.
III. Civilization topic. Why do you think people from all over the world come to visit London? (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ IV. Written production. People should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy. Do you agree or disagree? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 14 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Penicillin Penicillin is a powerful germ-killer and is used for treating many diseases. It is grown from molds and was the first of the drugs known as antibiotics, which can destroy or weaken bacteria. Penicillin is given to the patient by injection to the muscles or in medicine that can be swallowed so that it reaches the infected parts through the bloodstream. Penicillin destroys harmful bacteria without injuring human cells. Penicillin was first discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming, a British scientist. At the time of its discovery, its importance was not realized. During World War II, however, a drug like this was greatly needed, and after more research, the first batches were made. At first, only a few thousand units of this drug could be made because the British were at war, and they didn’t have the apparatus to make it in large amounts. In fact, the method of making it in large quantities was not developed until later in the United States. When the first human subjects were treated with penicillin in 1941, it was called a “wonder drug”, and doctors still believe that today. Penicillin cures infections that in the past made people very sick or even killed them. Although the use of penicillin has grown over the years, it cannot cure all infections. It is effective only against those infections caused by germs, and there are some germs that are resistant to it. However, most infections that doctors treat are caused by bacteria that do respond to it. Penicillin is one of the most widely used, safest, most effective, and cheapest of the antibiotics. However, there are some people who are allergic to it. Those few people who get a severe reaction can die from it, but rashes or hives, a much milder reaction, is a more frequent sign of this particular allergy. Today, in the United States alone, hundreds of tons of penicillin are produced each year to meet the high demand for this drug. Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. Penicillin is used for treating many diseases. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Penicillin can cure all infections. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. Penicillin destroys harmful bacteria 2. The use of penicillin 3. Hundreds of tons of penicillin
3.
a. has grown over the years b. are produced each year c. without injuring human cells.
Answer the question. Why was penicillin called a “wonder drug”? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: __________________ – to damage something so severely that it no longer exists or can never return to its normal state. __________________ – microorganisms (very small living things) that consist of a single cell. __________________ – the detailed study of something in order to discover new facts, especially in a university or scientific institution.
5.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: __________________ – helpless __________________ – helpful, healthy __________________ – occasional, rare
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: __________________ – illness __________________ – to cure __________________ – to make, to generate
7.
Explain in your own words. Those few people who get a severe reaction can die from it, but rashes or hives, a much milder reaction, is a more frequent sign of this particular allergy. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Grammar. Read the text and write the words in brackets in the correct form or choose the right one: No doubt, TV _____________________ (addict) is becoming Britain’s new problem. The ___________________________ (research) have found that watching TV is the nation’s ___________________________ (favour) pastime. Britons _______________ (at/ on/ by) average, watch an _____________________ (believe (neg.)) amount of TV each week. The ________________ (bad) couch potatoes ____________ (regular) watch more than six hours every day. The ____________________ (major) of these people enjoy soap operas, ______________________________ (entertain) series and game shows and can’t wait for ______________________ (digit) TV with all the new channels it will offer.
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III. Civilization topic. Why do you think people from all over the world come to stay in New York? (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. What are the important qualities of a good son or daughter? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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II.
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Test 15 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Johnny was three when he ran away from home for the first time. Somebody left the garden gate open. Johnny wandered out, crossed some fields, and two hours later arrived in the next village. He was just able to give his name and address. By the time he was seven, Johnny used to vanish from home two or three times a year. Sometimes he covered quite long distances on foot. On other occasions he got on a bus or even a train, and simply sat until someone asked for his ticket. Generally the police brought him home. “Why do you do it?” they used to ask. “You aren’t happy at home, are you?” “Of course not.” Johnny replied. “Then why?” “I just like seeing places,” Johnny told them. Johnny continued to “see places” although everyone tried to stop him. His parents used to watch him closely, and so did his teachers; but sooner or later Johnny managed to slip away. As he grew older, his favourite trick was to hide on a long distance lorry. Sometimes he used to travel hundreds of miles before anyone discovered him. It is hardly surprising that eventually Johnny managed to get on board a plane. He was twelve at the time. It was a cargo plane and, a few hours later Johnny found himself in Cairo. How did he get on board? No one knows. According to Johnny himself, it was easy: he just went into the airport, walked along some corridors and got on board the nearest plane. In spite of all this, Johnny did well at school. He enjoyed maths and languages and, perhaps not surprisingly, he was especially good at geography. “What do you want to be when you grow up?” his teachers asked him. Johnny did not take long to answer that question. “An explorer!” he answered. But it’s difficult to become an explorer in this modern age,” they tried to tell him, “unless you go into space!” But it was no use: Johnny knew what he wanted. Just before he left school, Johnny saw a notice in one of the daily papers. An expedition was about to go to Brazil to travel up the Amazon. There were vacancies for three young people “willing to work hard and with a sense of adventure.” Johnny applied … and, two months later, he was on his way to Brazil. Nr. I. 1.
Items
Results
Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. Johnny was unhappy at home. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Johnny was a good pupil. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. At the age of three 2. As he grew older 3. When he left school
3.
a. Johnny joined an expedition to Brazil. b. Johnny ran away from home for the first time. c. Johnny liked to travel long distance lorries.
Answer the question. Why did Johnny’s teacher say that to become ‘an explorer’ in this modern age is difficult? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: _____________________________ – plane carrying things _____________________________ – to get away secretly _____________________________ – a person who explores
5.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: _____________________________ – earlier _____________________________ – to leave, to go away _____________________________ – to stop, to finish
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: _______________________________ – carefully _______________________________ – places (for work) _______________________________ – advertisement
7.
Comment on: Would you like to go on an expedition like Johnny? Where to? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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II.
Grammar. Read the text and write the words in brackets in the correct form or choose the right one: The upper part of the sea is full of life. There are many _____________________ (colour) fish and plants. Sunlight ______________________ (easy) penetrates this part of the ocean but 600 metres down there is complete ____________________ (dark). Because of the ___________________ (absent) of light, the extreme cold and the immense pressure, there are few _________________ (life) things at this depth. Military submarines cannot _____________________ (safe) go deeper. __________________________ (Amaze), fish and plants have been discovered at depth of 6000 metres. ____________________ (Biology) used to think that there was no _____________________ (possible) of life at such depths but volcanic gases escaping from cracks in the ocean floor provide _________________________ (warm) and chemical nutrients that support strange life forms.
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III. Civilization topic. Welcome to the USA… There is no place like it. Write Top Five suggestions for a truly unforgettable experience. (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. People work because they need money to live. What are some other reasons that people work? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 16 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Cats In ancient days the Egyptians worshipped the cat as a goddess. This worship started about 6,000 years ago. Cats were a sacred part of the Egyptian religion, and priests took special care of them. When the temple cats died, they were embalmed and mummified. They were given funerals and buried in cat cemeteries. Pet cats were also honoured in private homes. The ancient Egyptians thought that a cat’s life was more valuable than that of a person. Later, Egypt became a rich country because of its grain. Traders from all over the world went there to buy grain. In the granaries, cats were used to keep rats and mice away from the grain. Traders who came to Egypt managed to steal cats. They wanted cats to kill the rats that were eating their food supplies on their ships. They also found that they could sell the cats they had stolen in the European and British ports they visited. People in these ports were willing to pay any price for them. Thus, cats came to the western world. The first settlers in America brought cats with them to protect their food supplies on the ships. When they arrived, they found that the Native Americans had difficulty storing food for the winter. There were too many kinds of rodents in this country. The settlers’ cats helped them to survive because they enabled them to store food for the long winter. Over the years there have been many superstitions about cats. In some countries black cats are considered to be a sign of bad luck, while in others they are thought to bring good luck. It was in Africa that the myth of a cat’s having nine lives began. Sailors have always considered the tortoiseshell cat, which has a coat of many colours, a goodluck cat. Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. People from other countries wanted cats from Egypt for help in preserving their food. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Sailors considered cats on their ships a sign of bad luck. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. In ancient days the Egyptians 2. Pet cats were also honoured 3. People in these ports were willing
3.
a. in private homes. b. to pay any price for them. c. worshipped the cat as a goddess.
Answer the question. What did the Pilgrims bring with them that was most valuable to them during their first year in America? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: __________________ – common, general __________________ – official, public __________________ – to buy
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: __________________ – to preserve, to save __________________ – important, profitable __________________ – to accumulate, to keep, to stock
7.
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Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: __________________ – a female being of supernatural powers or attributes, believed in and worshipped by a people. __________________ – a ceremony for burying or burning the body of a dead person __________________ – the amount of money for which something is sold
5.
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Explain in your own words. It was in Africa that the myth of a cat’s having nine lives began. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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II.
Grammar. Read the text and write the words in brackets in the correct form or choose the right one: Zoos have been in _______________________ (exist) since ancient times and today most large cities have a zoo where ____________________ (visit) can experience pleasure and excitement at seeing animals, some ________________________ (danger), some highly unusual. Some people have a very ___________________ (critic) attitude towards zoos, believing it is wrong to keep animals in _______________________ (nature(neg.)) conditions. They believe that zoos cause a lot of ______________________ (suffer) to animals and that in the __________________ (bad) zoos the food is unsuitable and the living conditions are __________________________ (health (neg.)). The best-run zoos try to give animals plenty of _____________________ (free) and stress-free environment but this does not satisfy people whose ___________________________ (oppose) to zoos is a matter of principal.
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III. Civilization topic. Who would you call the famous people of the USA? Why? (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. A teenager should never make an important decision alone. Do you agree or disagree? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 17 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Jane’s great passion in life was animals. She had dozens of books about them. The walls of her bedroom were covered with pictures of animals, just as other girls of her age had posters of pop-stars. She used to keep animals in the garden, if she could, she brought them into the house too. Usually, however, her mother caught her. “Get those animals out of here!” she used to shout. “If you must keep them, use the shed at the end of the garden!” Most of Jane’s animals were quite small: rabbits, mice, birds – that sort of thing. But one day something quite big came her way. Jane’s mother noticed that she was spending quite a lot of time in the shed. She also noticed that food was disappearing from the house – especially bread and fruit. One evening she decided to go down to the shed to see for herself. As she stood outside the door of the shed, she could hear Jane talking to someone inside. “She’s got a friend in there with her,” she thought. She opened the door and looked in. At first she could only see Jane sitting on the ground. Then she made out the shape of an animal sitting beside Jane. Two huge eyes stared up at her. She nearly screamed. It was a gorilla! “Jane! Where on earth…?” she started to say. But then she remembered. A few days before, a young gorilla escaped from the zoo and, in spite of every effort to find it, the animal simply vanished. “I found it wandering through the park,” Jane explained. “It seemed so lonely! I talked to it and we became friends at once. And then it followed me back here…” “Well, you know you can’t keep it,” her mother said. “You’d better phone the police and explain.” Not long after, the police came and also a van from the zoo. Nobody was even angry with Jane when she told her story. The police knew all about Jane and her animals. And the zoo keeper said: “I can see that Gor likes you. But we need him back at the zoo! But you can come and see him as often as you like. We’ll send you a free pass!” These days Jane has almost given up collecting small animals – but you can often find her talking to her friend Gor at the zoo! Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. Jane kept animals in her bedroom. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Jane wasn’t afraid of the gorilla. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. Jane took food from the house 2. Jane began to spend a lot of time in the shed 3. Jane phoned the police
3.
a. to tell about the gorilla. b. to feed gorilla. c. because she had a gorilla there.
Answer the question. Where did Jane find gorilla? And where it is now? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: _________________________ – unhappy because it was alone _________________________ – to give a loud cry _________________________ – to go from place to place without any special purpose
5.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: _____________________________ – to set free _____________________________ – enemy _____________________________ – to look fixedly
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: _______________________________ – hut _______________________________ – form _______________________________ – just
7.
Comment on: What sort of problems can pets cause? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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II.
Grammar. Read the text and write the words in brackets in the correct form or choose the right one:
My old friend, Harrison, ____________________ (live) in ______________ (-/ the/ a) Mediterranean for many years before he returned _____________ (in/ for/ to) England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and _________________ (plan) to settle down in the country. He had sooner returned than he ___________________ (buy) a fine house and _______________ (go) to live there. Almost _____________________ (immediate/ immediately) he _____________________ (begin) to complain about the weather, for even though it _______________ (be) still summer. It rained continually and it was often ____________________ (bitter/ bitterly) cold. _______________ (For/ In/ After) so many years of sunshine Harrison ___________________ (get) a shock. He acted as if _______________________________ (never/ live) in England before. ________________ (In/ At/ On) the end it was more than he ____________________ (can/ could/ had to) bear. He __________________________ (hardly/ have) time to settle down when he __________________ (sell) his house and ________________ (leave) the country. The dream he __________________ (have) for so many years ended. Harrison ____________________ (think) of everything except weather. III. Civilization topic. Who would you call the famous people of the UK? Why? (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. Should a city try to preserve its old, historic buildings or destroy and replace them with modern ones? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 18 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Jogging Jogging is a popular sport with millions of people jogging every day. People want to keep their bodies healthy, and jogging is one kind of exercise doctors recommend. It is suggested for many patients who have had heart attacks because doctors think jogging may prevent these people from having future heart attacks. Some doctors believe that jogging will also help people who haven’t had heart attacks to avoid them. Jogging causes the heart to work harder than it does when it is resting. It is healthful when done at a certain rate and over a long period of time. It raises the body heat and the heart and pulse rates, and it induces sweating. Exercise of this kind may also cause other changes in the body. It may lower the blood pressure, and it may reduce the fats in the blood. A high rate of such fats is harmful. Many people who are serious about regular strenuous exercise choose jogging. The advantages are that no specific place is needed, and the only equipment required is a pair of running shoes. Joggers run in the city and in the country, and they can do it in all kinds of weather. For example, even on freezing winter days the jogging paths of New York’s Central Park are covered with runners. Before starting to jog, people are advised to condition themselves for it. They should begin by walking, and those who haven’t walked for a long time should begin with daily walks and gradually increase the distance. After increasing the distance, people should try to increase the speed of walking. When they are able to walk four or five miles at a brisk pace, they should be ready for jogging. Once started on this sport a person can really become obsessed with it, as jogging is both satisfying and fun. Joggers claim that they feel better than they did before they took up this sport. Some joggers even end up competing in the marathon races which are held throughout the USA. Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. Jogging is recommended for older men and women. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Most people choose jogging over other sports because it can be done anywhere at any time. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.
3.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. Jogging causes the heart to a. to condition themselves for it work harder 2. Many people who are serious b. than it does when it is resting. 3. Before starting to jog, people c. about regular strenuous are advised exercise choose jogging.
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Answer the question.
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Why is jogging so popular everywhere? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 4.
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: __________________ – a person who is receiving medical care, or who is cared for by a particular doctor or dentist when necessary __________________ – the organ in your chest that sends the blood around your body __________________ – a game, competition, or activity needing physical effort and skill that is played or done according to rules
5.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: __________________ – beneficial, healthy __________________ – to increase, to enlarge __________________ – to finish, to complete
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: __________________ – to escape, to stay out __________________ – routine, usual __________________ – energetic, vigorous
7.
Explain in your own words. Before starting to jog, people are advised to condition themselves for it. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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II.
Grammar. Read the text and write the words in brackets in the correct form or choose the right one:
Erna Hart __________________________ (be/ go/ swim) across ___________ (a/ the/ an) English Channel tomorrow. She ______________________ (be/ go/ set out) from the French coast _________________ (in/ at/ on) 5 o’clock in the morning. Erna is only 14 years old and she hopes ____________________ (to set/ set/ setting) up a world record. She is ____________(a/ -/ the) strong swimmer and many people feel that she ___________ (was sure/ is sure) to succeed. Erna’s father _______________ (set out) with her in a small boat. Mr Hart ________________________ (train) his daughter for years. Tomorrow we __________________________ (watch) her ____________________ (anxiously/ anxious) as she _________________ (swim) the long distance _______________ (for/ to) England. Erna intends to take short rests every two hours. She _______________ (have) something to drink but she ________________ (not/ eat) any solid ___________________ (foods/ food). Most of _____________________ (Erna/ Erna’s) school-friends______________________________________ (wait) for her on the English coast. Among them ___________________ (be) Erna’s mother, __________________ (who/ which) swam the Channel herself when she was a girl. III. Civilization topic. If you were asked to send one thing representing your country to an international exhibition, what would you choose? Why? (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. Many teachers assign homework to students every day. Do you think daily homework is necessary for students? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 19 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Roy was always tired when he woke up in the morning. “I really can’t understand it,” his brother said. “You go to bed earlier than I do and you get up later. I know you sleep well because you snore a lot! In fact, you sometimes keep me awake half the night! So why are you tired in the morning? It doesn’t make sense!” “Perhaps it’s because I dream so much,” Roy suggested. “But dreaming is good for you,” his brother told him. “All the doctors and psychiatrists agree about that.” “May be,” Roy replied. “But the trouble is, I always dream about hard work! Last night, for example, I dreamt I was a miner. I went down the mine almost as soon as I fell asleep – and I dreamt that I was digging coal all night long. I was worn out in the morning! Then, a few nights ago, I dreamt I was a sailor. I was on one of those old fashioned sailing ships. We were crossing the Atlantic and there were a terrific storm. We had to struggle for hours to stop the ship from going down. It’s always like that. In the past few weeks, I’ve dreamt I was a waiter, a lorry driver and a football player. I never have a nice easy job!” “I was reading an article about sleep in a magazine the other day,” his brother said. “The writer’s advice was: try to relax before you go to sleep.” “But how?” Roy asked. “Well, why don’t you listen to some music? Something pleasant.” Roy was willing to try anything. But what sort of music? He liked pop music, but that was probably too noisy. So he decided to play some classical music and, just before he went to bed that night, he put on a record of Mozart. In fifteen minutes he was fast asleep. “Well?” his brother asked him at breakfast next morning. “Did it work?” Roy yawned. “Well,” he said, “I didn’t dream about hard work for once. I dreamt I was conducting an orchestra. The trouble was, the players weren’t very good and we had to keep on playing the same piece again and again. In the end, we practised all night! I can tell you, I feel more tired this morning than I usually do!” Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. Roy never dreams at night. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Roy liked classical music. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. Roy snored a lot and that a. and was tired in the morning. 2. Roy always dreamt about hard b. and fell asleep quickly. work 3. Roy played some quiet music c. kept his brother awake.
3.
Answer the question. What jobs did Roy have in his dreams? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: _________________________ – seaman, member of a ship’s crew _________________________ – very tired _________________________ – a man who serves food in a restaurant
5.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: _____________________________ – quiet _____________________________ – modern _____________________________ – to work hard
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: _______________________________ – problem _______________________________ – to sink _______________________________ – violent (about the storm)
7.
Comment on: Did Roy find the answer to his problem? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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II.
Grammar. Read the text and write the words in brackets in the correct form or choose the right one: In 1858, __________ (-/ a/ the) French engineer, Thome de Gamond arrived ____________ (to/ in/ at) England with a plan ____________ (to/ at/ for) a 21 mile tunnel across __________ (-/ a/ the) English Channel. He said it ___________________ (be) possible to build a platform _____________ (in/ on) the centre of the Channel. The platform __________________ (serve) as a port and a railway station. _____________ (A/ -/ The) tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall __________________ (chimneys/ chimnies) _____________________ (build) above sea-level. In 1860, a ________________ (good) plan was put forward by __________ (a/ an/ the) Englishman, William Low. He ___________________ (suggest) that a double railway tunnel should be ________________ (build/ built). This __________________________ (solve) the problem _______________ (at/ in/ of) ventilation, for if train ________________ (enter) this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. 42 years ___________________ (late), a tunnel _____________________________ (actually/ begin). If, at the time, the British had no feared invasion, it _____________________ ____________________________________________ (complete).
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III. Civilization topic. What would you tell your foreign friends about traditional Moldovan holidays and celebrations? (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. Marks encourage students to learn. Do you agree or disagree? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Test 20 Read the text and accomplish the post reading tasks. Frequency of Cheating Relationship cheating is a very common occurrence. If you haven’t experienced it yet, there’s a good chance you eventually will. I found it difficult to track down good cheating statistics. Slightly more than half of all married people will cheat on their spouses at some point in their lives. Men apparently cheat more often than women, but the gap isn’t huge. Most of the time cheating does occur, the other spouse doesn’t know about it, with women being in the dark slightly more often than men. That’s if you’re married. If you’re in a committed relationship but aren’t married, then I’d imagine that the odds of cheating are even higher. Partly I say that because cheating is more common when you’re younger and becomes less likely as you age. The big game-changer here is the Internet, which makes even 10-year old stats seem very dated now. Recent surveys suggest that most people have flirted online at one point or another, that when people spend time in chat rooms they’re usually motivated by romantic interest, and that about a third of adults have had real relations as a result of a connection that began online. In the USA alone, tens of millions of people cheat on their primary relationship partners. Most of the time when people cheat, they hide it from their partners, and they usually succeed in doing so, not because they’re so great at keeping secrets but mainly because their partners fail to recognize and acknowledge the telltale signs. Statistically speaking, if you get involved in committed relationships or marriage, the odds are better than 50–50 that you’re eventually going to cheat at some point in your life. And you’ll probably hide it from your primary partner, and you’ll probably get away with it. Of course you can decline to join this group if you desire so. However, there’s still a good chance you’ll end up in a relationship with someone else who’s a member, and you probably won’t know. Or you’ll know, but you’ll retreat into denial about it. Nr. Items I. 1. Identify the correct variant (True /False). Justify your choice. Most of the time cheating does occur, the other spouse knows about it. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Slightly less than half of all married people will cheat on their spouses. T F ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.
Match the parts to get entire sentences. 1. Relationship cheating is
3.
2. When people cheat,
a. they hide it from their partners. b. when you’re younger.
3. Cheating is more common
c. a very common occurrence.
Answer the question. Is it good to cheat to your partner? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
4.
Find in the text the words that match the definitions below: _____________________________ – the happening of events, fortune or luck _____________________________ – what there is between persons and others _____________________________ – form a picture of in the mind
5.
Find in the text antonyms for the following words: _____________________________ – to tell the truth _____________________________ – accept _____________________________ – lower
6.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words: _______________________________ – hardly, scarcely _______________________________ – likely, expectedly _______________________________ – assistant, mate, comrade, spouse
7.
Comment on: Do you often cheat? What do you cheat about? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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II.
Grammar. Read the text and write the words in brackets in the correct form or choose the right one:
We were beginning to get more and more fed _______ (to/ up/ for) with the “holiday by the sea”. We always _________________ (use/ used) to go to _________ (a/ -/ the) south coast regularly for __________ (a/ the/ -) fortnight every summer. There was not a chance __________________ (have) a proper summer holiday _____________ (late) year, so we __________________ (decide) we’d _____________ (good) have some sort of a winter holiday. Some friends of _____________ (we) had told us we might _____________________ (not/ enjoy) a skiing holiday, but it was always _____________ (as/ so) cold you had _____________ (go) skiing just to keep ____________________ (warm/ warmly/ warmth). We only had 8 days ______________ (out/ instead) of our normal fortnight away. All together with __________ (a/ the/ -) return flight, accommodation, etc., it _________________ (come) to ______________ (of/ about/ to) $125 for the three of _________ (we), and it was ____________________ (worthy/ worth) any cent. I’d certainly recommend a holiday like this to ___________________ (someone/ anyone). III. Civilization topic. Every country is proud of the achievements and successes. What achievements of your country are you proud of? (7-10 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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IV. Written production. People have different ways of escaping the stress and difficulties of modern life. What do you think are the best ways of reducing stress? (10-15 lines) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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SUPPLEMENT Some tips on civilization topics: Every country is proud of the achievements and successes. What achievements of your country are you proud of? Moldova is a country with certain economic and social problems, but also with a fruit-bearing soil and friends willing to assist. For the recent years numerous infrastructure works have been carried out all over the country referring to roads, water supply, irrigation and sewerage networks, schools, kindergartens, hospitals, trade, sports and culture centers. Moldova as a full-fledged member of the World Community will be able to overcome the political instability in order to focus on the daily life of the citizens, the country’s affairs and the European integration process. Guests are always welcome to this “mouth of paradise “with hospitable people, old customs and traditions. What would you tell your foreign friends about traditional Moldovan holidays and celebrations? Moldova is a European Country with a rich ethnic history. There are a lot of holidays in Moldova and everyone can join them. For the Winter Holidays children put on different costumes and masks and perform in front of the Christmas tree, sing carols. In spring people celebrate “Martsishor”, for the Easter they prepare special food: Easter Cake, painted eggs and the best wine. During the holidays guests in Moldova can participate in concerts “Martsishor”, “Ciresar”, “Maria Biesu Welcomes”, performances, parades, mass manifestations on Independence Day, on “Limba Noastra” Day, on towns’ or villages’ Day, etc. We cannot speak about Moldova without mentioning the traditions of a family nature: weddings, celebrations, etc., which become real shows performed by guests and hosts. It’s truly said that each guest in the “Casa Mare” of Moldova is a real friend. Welcome to Australia… There is no place like it. Write Top Five suggestions for a truly unforgettable experience. Your Australian holidays provide unforgettable experience in this epic country. You may visit Sydney,which is known for its beautiful harbour and the Opera House that features world dance, music, and theatre. You meet unusual wildlife and wide-open space, flora found nowhere else on Earth, friendly people, and different cultures. It is the homeland of very rare animals such as: the Tasmanian devil, dingo, platypus, koala, cockatoo, Emu ostrich, echidna, possum, etc. You can meet Aboriginal groups, from whom our students have fantastic opportunities to learn about different ways of life and visit Ayers Rock and a strange group of huge red stones, which are holy to the aboriginals.
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Ernest Hemingway. Ernest Hemingway is one of the great 20th century American writers. His incredible career, and the legend which developed around his impressive personality, was that of a man of action, a devil-may-care adventurer, a brave war correspondent. Hemingway was born in 1889 in Oak Park, Illinois. His father was a doctor who initiated the boy into the outdoor life of hunting, camping and fishing. In 1917, when the United States entered the First World War, Hemingway left home and schooling to become a young reporter for the Kansas City Star. His war experience and adventurous life provided the background for his many short stories and novels. He achieved success with “A Farewell to Arms”, the story of a love affair between an American lieutenant and an English nurse during the First World War. During the Second World War Hemingway was a war correspondent first in China then in Europe. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1954. Although New York is not the capital of the United States, it is the biggest and most important city of the country. New York has many things for many people. It’s the financial and media capital of the world. It’s the headquarters of the United Nations. It’s the centre of American cultural life. It’s the national leader in fashion and entertainment. The “Big Apple”, is the nickname of New York, is a city unlike any other. It has everything for everyone. It offers the best, the biggest and the brightest of everything. It is a place of excitement, beauty and contradictions. There is, for example, no canal on Canal Street, Battery Park is not a power station, and Times Square is a triangle. New York is often called the cultural capital of the USA. There are many museums in New York. No other city in the world offers as much theatre as this city. The Metropolitan Opera at Lincoln Centre is known throughout the music world. New York is famous for its festivals and special events: summer jazz, one-act play marathons, international film series, and musical celebrations from the classical to the avant-garde. People who come to New York by sea are greeted by the Statue of Liberty. It has become the symbol of the city and freedom to people all over the world. Why do you think people from all over the world come to stay in New York? New York attracts people from all over the world. The “Big Apple” is the second largest city and the biggest seaport in the world, the financial capital of the country and a great cultural centre. There are two world-famous streets in New York – Broadway and the Fifth Avenue famous for great shopping, hotels and clubs. The Statue of Liberty, The Empire State Building, the Rockefeller center and the Metropolitan museum are the well-known places of interest for the tourists from all over the world. You can see people of different nations and religions here. It is the city of immigrants.
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London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are situated there. There are some famous ancient buildings within the City. Perhaps the most striking of them is St Paul’s Cathedral, one of the greatest of British churches. Westminster is the historic, the government part of London. Westminster Abbey has more historic associations than any other building in Britain. Across the road from Westminster Abbey is Westminster Palace, or the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Parliament. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliaments is famous for its big bell, known as “Big Ben”. Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen. The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London: it’s the symbol of wealth and luxury. Trafalgar square is the geographical centre of London. The modern world is becoming smaller all the time. Every day distances between different countries seem less. For this reason it’s becoming more and more important to know different languages, especially English.One billion people speak English today. 400 million people speak English as their first language. As a second language English is spoken in more than 60 countries. English is the language of politics and diplomacy, science and thechnology, business and trade, sport and pop music. To know English today is absolutely necessary for every educated person , for every good specialist. Learning a language is not an easy thing. The United Kingdom of great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and above five thousand small islands. Shakespeare called Britain a “precious stone set in the silver sea” because of its natural beauty. It has varied countryside where you can find mountains, plains, valleys and sandy beaches. There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment in the world. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.
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British Traditions. Every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. In Britain traditions play a more important part in people’s lives than in other countries. Some ceremonies are rather formal, such as the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace, Trooping the Colour, the State opening of Parliament. Traditionally a British family prefers a house with a fireplace and a garden to a flat in a modern house with central heating. Most British love gardens. The British like animals very much, too. Pet dogs, cats, horses, ducks, chickens, canaries and other friends of man have a much better life in Britain than anywhere else. Holidays are especially rich in old traditions and are different in Scotland, Ireland, Wales and England. Christmas is a great English national holiday but in Scotland it is not observed much. But six days later, on New Year’s Eve the Scots begin to enjoy themselves. All the shops and factories are closed on New Year’s Day. People invite their friends to their houses. Greetings and presents are offered. Some British traditions are strange, some are funny, but they are all interesting.
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