INDICE
INTRODUCCIÓN
4
CAPIT CAPITULO ULO I: I: ASPEC ASPECTO TOS S GENERA GENERALES LES DE LA LA TERCE TERCERIA RIA
6
1. ANTECEDENTES HISTORICOS
7
2. CONCEPTO
9
3.
FUNDAMENTO
14
4.
COMPETENCIA EN MATERIA DE TERCERÍA
16
5.
CLASES
18
6.
OPORTUNIDAD
32
7.
EFECTOS DE LA TERCERÍA DE PROPIEDAD
34
CAPITULO II: CONCEPTOS FUNDAMENTALES FUNDAMENTALES DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE
39
1.
40
GENERALIDADES
2. DEFINICIÓN DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE
42
3. NATURALEA !URIDICA DE LA TERCERIA DE PRELACION DA ORIGEN A UN E"PEDIENTE PROCESAL COMPLE!O# EN ELLA ELLA SE CO COMP MPRE REND NDE E EL E!ER E!ERCI CICI CIO O DE DOS DOS ACCIO CCIONE NES S
44
4. FUNDAMENTO DEL DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO DERECHO
PR PREFERENTE
47
5. OPORTUNIDAD DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA TERCERÍA DE DERECHO DERECHO PREFERENCIA
49
6. RE$UISITOS DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO DERECHO PREFERENTE
50
7. LEGITIMACIÓN % EFECTOS DEL DEL PROCESO DE DE TERCERÍA TERCERÍA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE
52
8. IMPROCEDENCIA DE LA RECON&ENCIÓN EN EN EL PROCESO DE TERC TERCER ERÍA ÍA ' CO CONN NNI& I&EN ENCI CIA A % MALIC MALICIA IA EN LA TERC TERCER ERIA IA 9. SUSPENSIÓN DE MEDIDA CAUTELAR SIN TERCERÍA
CAPITULO CAPITULO III: PROCESO PROCESO DE TERCERIA TERCERIA DE DERECHO PREFERE PREFERENTE NTE
56 58 61
1. TERCERÍAS PREFERENTES
62
2. DERECHOS REALES % DERECHOS PERSONALES
70
3. DERECHOS PREFERENTES
77
2
4. LA SEGURIDAD !URÍDICA
82
5. PUNTOS IMPORTA IMPORTANTES NTES DEL PROCEDIMIENTO DE TERCERIA TERCERIA POR DERECHO PREFERENTE
84
6. MODELO GENERICO DE DEMANDA DEMANDA DE TERCERIA TERCERIA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE
87
7. !URISPRUDE !URISPRUDENCIA NCIA DE TERCERIA TERCERIA DE DERECHO DERECHO PREFEREN PREFERENTE TE 92
CONCLUSIONES
102
BIBLIOGRAFIA
104
3
INTRODUCCIÓN
L() *+,-+,() )+(/ () + / - () + +, +,+-# )+ -(,(-*+,(/ , )+, )+, / /)*, /)*,+/ +/* * + ,*+,*+--: -:/ / ,+;) ,+;)*() *() +/ /+)*, /+)*, ,+/( ,+/(+ +/* /* ,- < =+ )+ +/-+/*,(/ ( ))-:/ + *+,-+,) (>+-*() , / ,-+) + ++--:/ +/ + =+ / )/ (,*+# +,*?/+) (-+, ;(+, )) +,+-) + /*+,+)+) < +;*(, + +)*( (/+,( ) +>+-*) /+@(*;) + ( ++--:/. E ) -(* 5 + T* II# S+--:/ =/*( + C:@ P,-+)( C; ,+@( +/*, + ) (() ,-+)) =+ )+ *,(*(/ +/ ( ;( (,+;(( ( >@,( + ( *+,-+,(. L( -( )+ ))*+/*( +/ + +- , + -( )+ )-( =+ ( +>-(-( + /( +( -(*+(, (,( ( ++--:/ ,+)+-* + +*+,/() +/+) =+ / + +,*+/+-(/ ( ++-*( )+( +(( )/ +>+-*# =+ + ( )+/* ( ( >@,( + ( *+,-+,( + / - /)*,+/* + **(, + +/ (*+,( + -(,@( (,( (-+, ;(+, )) +,+-). L( T+,-+,( + / ((,+-+ +/ ) -()) + +(,@ ,+;+/*; < +/ + ,-++/* + ++--:/ ),+ +/+) *+-() @/,(). L( T+,-+,( + +, +,+- ((,+-+ +/ ) )+)*) +/ ) =+ + *+,-+,# (+/ ( ,-+) + ++--:/# (>,( )+, **(, + / +,+- + -,?* ,+>+,+/*+ ( ,+)+/*( , + (-,++, ++-*(/*+ < )-*( ( + =+ )+ ,//-+ ),+ =? -,?* +) ,+>+,+/*+# (,( =+ ?)*+ )+( )(*)>+-# +/ ,+, @(,# -/ () )() *+/() + +(,@. A) + (,*- 533B + ( /,( ,-+)( -; +)*(+-+ =+ L( *+,-+,( )+ +/*+/+ -/ + +(/(/*+ < + +(/(# < ): ++ >/(,)+ +/ ( ,+( + ) +/+) (>+-*() -(+/*+ , +( -(*+(, (,( ( ++--:/ +/ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( -/ + ,+- + *(+) +/+). S/ +,- + )+((# ++ >/(,)+ +/ ( ,+( + +/+)
4
(>+-*() -/ @(,(/*() ,+(+)# -(/ + +,+- + *+,-+,)*( )+ +/-+/*,( /)-,* -/ (/*+,,( ( -( (>+-*(-:/. E/ *( )+/* ,+)*( =+ +)*( >@,( -/)**<+ + + ) +)+->- (,( @/(, /( +( -(*+(, (,( ) ++--:/ , + **(, ,+( + ) +/+) *,(() /+(+/*+# +, @(,(/*(, ) +,+- ,+>+,+/*+. S+ *,(*(# - +)?) (/((,+)# + / ,-++/* +)+-(# + -(,-*+, /-+/*(# +, -/ *,(*(-:/ ,(# )@+/ ) -(-+) + (( ,-+) +-(,(*;. S -(,-*+, /-+/*( ,+)*( + ) ;/-(-:/ ( ,-++/* + ++--:/ /+ )+ ( )+)* + @,(;(+/# +, *+/+ / +* ,# + ,+@(-:/ +)+-(# ( (,@+/ + () -+)*/+) /-+/*(+) ,+@(() +/ ) (,*-) 533B < )@+/*+) =+ )+ (/ + (/((, ,+;++/*+ , -+)*/+) + *+ < +)(-.
5
CAPITULO I:
ASPECTOS GENERALES DE LA TERCERIA
6
1.
ANTECEDENTES HISTORICOS
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
7
+ /+, =+ ),;( (,( (@(, ( (-,++,. T(+) +/+)# - )+ /-(# *+/+/ =+ )+, /+-+)(,(+/*+ + +, +/ * -()# + =+/+)# +/ ;,* + ( +< + -/;+/# +(/ (), ( )( @(-:/ =+ + +, /-:. S + +/ (>+-*( ,-(+/*+ , + + -/ +( -(*+(, (,( ) ++--:/ ', ++ +(,@' / +,*+/+-+ ( +,# )/ ( /( +,)/( (+/( ( ( ,+(-:/ ,-( ))*(/*;( +K)*+/*+ +/*,+ + +(/(/*+ ' (-,++,' < + +(/( '+,' -,,+)/+ ( ?)*( +,)/( (-+, ;(+, ) +,+- + ,+( ( +>+-* + =+ + +# =+ -*: + @,(;(+/# +*+/@( ( )()*( -(# ++ )/ +>+-* *( +( < + +/*,+@+ + +/ ,+ + +/-/( @,(;(+/. L( (--:/ =+ ?)*+ *+,-+, (-+ ;(+, (/*+ + :,@(/ ,)--/( )+ -/-+ - ( *+,-+,( +K-<+/*+ + ,+( *+,-+,( + / ( -*,/( < ) ))*+() ,-+)(+) -/*+,/+)# (/ +)*(+- =+ + + =+ ++ -/-+, + +)*( (--:/ +) + , + =+ -*: + +(,@ +( -(*+(, +) +-,# + + =+ -/-+ + ,-+) ,/-(.
8
2.
CONCEPTO
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
9
/ ,-+) + ) ,+( =+ )+ + ,+-/-( ( +,+- ( )+, (@( -/ ,+>+,+/-( ( +(,@(/*+ ( ,-* + ( ;+/*( =+ ( ) +* + -( +(. S/ +(,@# -/)+,() =+ +) )+ +/-/*,(, ) /*) + ;)*( +)+ ) -(+) ++ )+, +>/( ( /)**-:/ ( -+/*(,
2.1.
Desde el pu!" de #$s!% sus!%!$#"
D+,+- =+ +-+ / *+,-+, +/*,+ ) ) *@(/*+)# ,+-(( , / +,+- ,. P/* + ;)*( (-@ +/ )++ -()(*,( -(/ )+ ,+-)( =+ S+ +/*+/+ , *+,-+,( + ,+(# (=+ +,+- =+ +-+ / *+,-+, +/*,+ ) ) *@(/*+)# , )< ,# -(<;(/ +/ ) + (@/ + +)# *+/+/ , +* + ,+-+,(,# , *+,-+,( +,)/(# ) +/+) +(,@() =+ ( *+ + ++-*(,)+ /( +( + +(,@ +,(/ + ) ,+(5J. P+** (/*( )@+/*+ E/ ) (-+-:/ -/# (/ +/*, + ;-((, ,-# *+,-+, +) /( +,)/( (+/( ( /( ,+(-:/ ( /( -/*,;+,)( ))-*(( +/*,+ *,(). % ++ -/ / )@/>-( ) (# =+ +) ;+,) + ,+-++/*+. E ,-+) -/ < *(?/ -/)+,( )*:,-(+/*+ *+/+ ) )+*) (-*, < ,+ +(/(# =+ -/ + + -/)**<+/ ( *,@( ,(/( =+ ( ,@+/ ( ( +( + ( ,+(-:/ ,-(# )+) -+)*()# ) )+*) -)-) )/ ) (-*, ,)J < +(/( )+-/)J. P+, ++ /*+,;+/, ;/*(,(+/*+ , (() , () (,*+) , + +# (/*+) +)?) + *,(( ( -/*+/(# *, )+* *+,*)J =+ +/ ++ )+, - *) -/),*+# -(<;(/*+ ))*** )-+), + (-*,J D+(/(# +, =+ +) )+,+ / /+; )+* )*/* >)-(+/*+ ( ) (/*+,,+) < ,-(+/*+ *(?/# (/ -(/ )+( ) +/ (*-+) + ) /*+,?). 5J
CAS NB 185997 LA LIQERTAD 28121999. E P+,(/ 28121999. . 4424. 10
A +)*+ N+; S+*# ( *+,-+,)*( *+,-+,# -/ + )@/>-( + =+ /) +) P,+) (-*, ,@/(,J / )+-/) +(/( ,@/(,J. A) ( *+,-+,)*( (( +/ @(,(/*( ,+( ,+( +,)/(J + +//-( , >-* )++, < * (=+ =+ , ) /*+,?) , ,+-* , +>+/+, / /*+,?) (+/ ( >/ +>+/+, + ,# )+( +)+ /*+,?) ,@/(, , -+):/# )-+):/ ))**-:/# /*+,;+/+ +/ / ,-+) +/+/*+# )+( - *)-/),*+ + ) )+*) ,@/(+)# +/ @(, + / + ) +/ >,( /-<+/*+. E/ ,+)+/# -(/ )*+,,+/*+ ( ( +(/(# )+( ( ++,-- , + (-*, + ( >(-*( + +, ,*+--:/ ,-( /*+,;+/+ *,) )+*) >+,( + +(/( +(/() -/*,( =+/+) )+ ,@: ( +(/(J# ))**<+/ -(<;(/ -/ ) )+*) ,/-(+)# ))*+/@ =+ (< TERCERIA. P++ (+, ,(( + (-*,+) + +(/() /# + (+, / /+; )+* >,+/*+ ( (-*, +(/( ,@/(, *+,*) +/ )+/* ,+)*,/@J /. P++ (+, ;(,) *) -/*,;+,)()6J.
2.2.
Desde el pu!" de #$s!% p&"'es%l
P,+*+/):/ ,-( =+ )+ *,(*( ;( ,-+) (,+;( , + -( /( *+,-+,( +,)/( ,+-(( /@,+)(, +/ ( ,+(-:/ ,-( ,-+)( +K,+)(/ / +,+- /-(*+ -/ + ,+(*+ / +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@. P+,)/( =+ ++-*( /( (--:/ (+/( ( / ,-+)# /;-(/ ( ) >(;, / +,+- + *+,-+,(. P/* + ;)*( =+ *(?/ +) (-@ +/ )++ -; -(/ )+ ,+-)( =+ L( *+,-+,( + ,+( +) ( (--:/ =+ -,,+)/+ ( ,+*(, + / +/ =+ ,+)*( (>+-*( , /( +( -(*+(, + ++--:/ -*(( (,( (-+, +>+-*;( /( @(-:/ (+/( <# *+/+ - >/(( ( +)(>+-*(-:/ + +/7J. 6J P+** 1949J. T,(*( + *+,-+,(. Q). A). E(, S.A. E*,+). . 3234. 7J CAS NB 99198 HUANUCO.
11
S+(( O,*+) R() =+ +)+ + /* + ;)*( ,-+)(# +)*+ +(,@ +) ; < +>-(. E)* )/+ =+ ,/ (-,(,)+ () +() + @(,(/*() + +(,@ *,((# =+ ) +/+) ,/ )+, )+*) ( ) ,-++/*) + ,+((-:/ >,)( ,+;)*) +/ ( L+< < =+ ,/ )+, (-() ) )). T + )/ =+ ( -,-/)*(/-( + / +,*+/+-+, ) +/+) ( ++-*( ,++,-*(# , ) )(# +/ ( >(*( + ;(+ < +>-(-( ,-+)(+) + +)*) (-*) + ++--:/8J. P+) )+((, =+ ( *+,-+,( ;+/+ ( )+, (=+( ,+*+/):/ +-( , / *+,-+, +/ / ,-+)# + -( / +) (,*+ ))*(/*;( / ,-+)(# +/ -<( ;,* ,+-(( + +;(/*(+/* + / +(,@ *,(( ),+ / +/ + ) ,+(# + (@ ,+>+,+/-( + ) -,?* -/ + ,- + ( ;+/*( + +/ +(,@(. E)*) )/ ) /-) )+)*) +/ =+ ,+)*( )+ (/*+(, /( T+,-+,(# ++/ >+,+/-(,)+ + ) -()) + I/*+,;+/-:/ + *+,-+,) +/ / ,-+)# =+ >+,(/ +/-/() (/*+,,+/*+ < -<) ,+)+)*) )/ - ) () =+ ) + () T+,-+,(). S )+(() ( /+-+)(,( +K)*+/-( + / +(,@ *,(( ),+ / +/ + ,+( + *+,-+,)*(# ++) +(, +/ -(, =+ + +(,@ ++ (-+,)+ +>+-*; < / ) +-,+*(# +)* =+ ,+-?/ ( (-+,)+ +>+-*; + +(,@ -,,+ ( (>+-*(-:/ + +/. T(?/ -(+ +/-/(, =+ ( ,+>+,,/) ( / Q+/# /-) +/ + *?,/ ( ) +/+) /++)# ++)# +,+-) /*++-*(+)# /)*,(+)# +*-. EK)*+ -,*+,) ,),+/-(+) +/ ) -(+) )+ (-+*( ( )( + /*+,/+, ( *+,-+,( +/ ) ,-+) + ++--:/ + @(,(/*( *+-(,(# ()# )+ )+(( =+ J ( *+,-+,(... ,+)*( >(-*+ ) /*+,)-:/ +/ / ,-+) + ++--:/ + @(,(/*( *+-(,( *( ;+ =+# ( *+-( +) / (-* ,- ))*(/*;# =+ -,+( / +,+- ,+( + @(,(/*( =+ )+ -/)**<+ 8J O,*+) R()# M. P,-+) C; P,-*-. O. C+-*;( C,. @+/ )+/,(# &.J. M(, E. L( L+<# 2002. . 969.
12
;/*(,(+/*+# (,( ,+)((, @(-/+) ,() + *+,-+,). J +/ +)*+ -() + +,+- + ) *+,-+,)*()# (,( )+, +)*) ( +,+- + (-,++, *+-(,# +( )+, /)-,* -/ (/*+,,( ( + ?)*+ , =+# ) *,()-+/+/-( (,( ,+;(+-+, / ),+ ( @(,(/*( ,+( *+/+ =+ +,+-+, (/)) +/ )+/*+/-(9J.
9J
CAS. N 116202 !UNIN. E P+,(/ 03022003. . 9991.
13
(.
FUNDAMENTO
(.1.
L% !e&'e&)% e !*&+$"s %+pl$"s
E ,-+)# +/ ,/-# ;/-( ) ( +(/(/*+ < ( +(/(# +,# >,+-+/*++/*+# )+ +K*+/+ *(?/ ( *+,-+,) =+ ++/ +/-/*,(,)+ (>+-*() + ) (/+,()# )+@/ )+ *,(*+ + / ,-+) + -/-+/* + ++--:/. A) *(?/ ( +- )(+, /+)*,( C,*+ S,+( -(/ ( ,+-)( =+ S+ +/*+/+ , *+,-+,( + ,+(# (=+ +,+- =+ +-+ / *+,-+, +/*,+ ) ) *@(/*+)# , )< ,# -(<;(/ +/ + + (@/ + +)# *+/+/ , +* + ,+-+,(,# , *+,-+,( +,)/(# ) +/+) +(,@() =+ ( *+ + ++-*(,)+ /( +( + +(,@ +,(/ + ) ,+(10J. E/ + ,+, -()# + *+,-+, +>+/+, ) +,+- /*+,;/+/ +/ ( ,+(-:/ ,-+)( (,( +;*(, () -/)+-+/-() + /( )+/*+/-( +)>(;,(+ +/ + )+@/# (, -/)+,;(/ ) -(( + *+,-+, (,( ,+-((, + / + +/ +(,@(# /( ,+>+,+/-( ),+ + ,- + ( ;+/*( + ( )( (,( + (@ + ) -,?*.
(.2.
T*&+$"s % d$,e&e'$%&
E/ /+)*, ,-+) -(# + *,*+ )+ ,+(( +/*,+ ) (,*+) +(/(/*+ < +(/( () *(?/# ( S+/*+/-( ,+)*(/*+ + *@ ) )+ ,+>+,, ( -) )+*)# +, )++ -,,, =+ ( S+/*+/-( =+ ,+-(@( +/ + ,-+) +( (>+-*(, ) /*+,+)+) ,) + / !e&'e&"# +/ +)+ *+,-+,# )+@/ () /,() +@(+)# +)+ +)*( +@*( (,( +(/(, )+, +(/( +/ + ,-+). D- + *,( (/+,(# +)*( +,)/( ++ *+/+, / /*+,?) +@* +/ + - -( *) )+, +-(. E/ +)*+ )+)*# ((,+-+ +/ ( *) =+/ )+ +//( - !e&'e&"
$!e&#$$e!e# /( +,)/( =+ -(,+-+ , /-(*;( ,(# +/ +>+/)( + 10J CAS NB 185997 LA LIQERTAD. E P+,(/ 28121999# . 4424.
14
) (*,/ +,+-)# +/ / +* /-( , *,)# -(=+,( )+( + +)*( < ( /)*(/-( +/ =+ )+ +/-/*,(,+ (=?.
Te&'e&": +,)/( =+ /(( *+/+ =+ ;+, -/ ( ,+(-:/ ,-( ))*(/-(. E. C/*,(* + -,( ;+/*(. EK*,( +/ ,-+).
Te&'e&)%: +,)/( =+ +)* +@*(( (,( /@,+)(, ( /( ,+(-:/ ,-+)(. P,+*+/):/ ,-+)( (--:/ ,-+)(.
Te&'e&$s!%: + + (-+*( (,*-(-:/ + *+,-+,( +,)/( - (,*+ + ,-+). L( *+,-+,( )+ +/*+/+ -/ + +(/(/*+ < +(/( < ) ++ >/(,)+ +/ ( ,+( + ) +/+) (>+-*() , +( -(*+(, (,( ( ++--:/ +/ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( -/ + ,+- + *(+) +/+). A ,+)+-* FALCON ,+-)( =+ ( *+,-+,( + / +) (=+( J +/ ( =+ + *+,-+,)*( ,+-(( ( ,+( + ( -)( +(,@((11J. O*,@( /( +@*(-:/ ( -()( +/(,( < ( ( /*+,;/+/*+ + -(,-*+, + )+* ,-+)( ,(,. S+ ( -(/ +K)*+ /( ,+(-:/ + +- ,;-(( , / ,-+) ))-*( +/*,+ *,() +,)/() < + +,+- + *+,-+,)*(.
11J F(-:/# E/,=+ 1978J. D+,+- ,-+)( C;# -+,-( < (,(. Q). A). C+,(,( + D+,+- < C+/-() S-(+)# . 86.
15
-.
COMPETENCIA EN MATERIA DE TERCERÍA
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
16
-/-+, ( +(/( + *+,-+,( + ,+( +) + ) + =+ *+/+ ( -(,@ + ,-+) /+ )+ -*: ( +( -(*+(, (,( ( ++--:/. N )+ /-<+ +/ +)*+ )+)*# + @,(;(+/ ,@/( +/ /( @(,(/*( ,+(# - +) + -() + ( *+-(# +) *( (>+-*(-:/ ,-( / *+/+ ) ,@+/ +/ /( +-):/ ,)--/(# )/ +/ /( +-):/ ;/*(,( -++,(( +/*,+ + (-,++, < + -/)**<+/*+ + ( @(,(/*( +/ * -() +/ /( ))-:/ +@( '*+-( +@('# +) (/ -(/ + *+,-+, (-,+*+ ( ,+( + +/ (>+-*( -/ *+-(# *( (>+-*(-:/ / , +;(/*(,)+ +/ - ,-+) (,+;( + *+,-+,(# +) + ** ,+@)*,( =+ ( ,@+/ ( @,(;(+/ *+-(, / )+ ,@/( +/ /( +-):/ -(# - +) + -() + +(,@ +( -(*+(, +/ *( -() + /*+,+)( ++, (-, -/ /( +(/( ' )*/*( ( ( + *+,-+,(' /+ + +* + ,-+) )+( ( /+>-(-( /;(+ + ( @(,(/*( ,+( /;((( ( @(,(/*( +-(,(( ( /+>-(-( + *( +,+-# ,+-?/ )+ ++ )/+, + +;(/*(+/* + ( *+-(# =+ / +) )+ ,-(+/*+ +/ + ,-+) + *+,-+,(. C <( ( =+( -(,(+/*+ +)*(+- ++ /*+,;+/, +/ / ,-+) / *+,-+, +) +-, (=+ (+/ ( ( ,+(-:/ ))*(/*;( =+ ( ,@/: < ( ( ,+(-:/ ,-+)( /)*(,((# =+/ ,+*+/+ )+ + ,+-/-( ) +,+- +/ )-:/ ( ) *@(/*+) +/ - ,-+)# - -/)+-+/-( + /( +( -(*+(, ++-*(( ,+)+-* + / +/ +/+) + ) ,+( ,+)+-* + -( *;+,( / +, +,+- =+ + **(, + ( +( -(*+(, -/-+(. E + + ( ,+*+/):/ ,/-( ,+)*( -+*+/*+ (,( =+ -/-( ( (--:/ + *+,-+,( /*+,+)*(.
17
.
CLASES
C/>,+ )+ (,+-( + ( /,( ,-+)( < + ( -*,/(# )+ )+(( ( +K)*+/-( + ) -()+) + *+,-+,(# ( ,+,( ((( *+,-+,( + ,+( +K-<+/*+ + /J < ( )+@/( ((( *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@J.
.1.
A''$/ de Te&'e&)% de P&"p$ed%d " de d"+$$"
.1.1. C"'ep!" L( *+,-+,( + ,+( +) ( (--:/ =+ -,,+)/+ ( ,+*(, + / +/ =+ ,+)*( (>+-*( , /( +( -(*+(, + ++--:/ -*(( (,( (-+, +>+-*;( /( @(-:/ (+/( <# *+/+ - >/(( ( +)(>+-*(-:/ + +/. P(,( H/)*,( ( *+,-+,( + ,+( +) + ,-+) +)*/( ( (-,+*(, + / + / +/ ),+ + -( ,+-(+ /( +( -(*+(, (,( ( ++--:/ -*(( +/ *, ,-+)# (,( ) @,(, ) +)(>+-*(-:/ , (+, ) -( +( /+(+/*+ )-*(( < +-,+*((. S/ +,(@ ,+-)( (+) =+# ( *+,-+,( + ,+( *(?/ ++ )+, ,;( -/ + +* + @,(, ( -(/-+(-:/ + () @(,(/*() ,+(+) =+ (>+-*(/ + +/ + *+,-+, +,-(# )+,+ < -(/ ) +,+- + ,+( )+ +/-+/*,+ /)-,* -/ (/*+,,( ( ( (>+-*(-:/ ,+( +/ -+)*:/13J. I@(+/*+ ( ,+)+-*# L(( M,+ )+(( =+ )*:,-(+/*+ ( *+,-+,( + ,+( +K-<+/*+ + / ( ) +/)(( -/ + +* + =+ + =+ )) / +(,@ ' +( -(*+(,' ),+ / +/ =+ / +) + +(/(# )/@( ) +;(/*(+/* ' +)(>+-*(-:/' ) + *+,-+, (-,+*( ( ,+( + ,+>+, +/ + )/+ + -*( + /( +( ,;),( + ))+/):/ + ,-+) ') ,+)+-* + +/ -<( ,+( /;-( + *+,-+,'# (/ -(/ ?)*+ )+ +/-+/*,+ +/ ( +*(( + ++--:/# -/ 13J H/)*,( M/@+# A+,* 2010J. P,-+)) A,+;(). T &III. L( !,)*( E*,+). . 397.
18
)+/*+/-( >,+ + + -+*+/*+ (,( -/-+, ( *+,-+,( + ,+( +) + ) =+ -*: ( -*(( +( -(*+(,. A *,(*(, ( *+,-+,( + /# !(/ M/*+, A,-( (/>+)*( )@+/*+# P, + + +)*( *+,-+,( )+ >,( , + *+,-+, )-:/ ( / (-* -/-,+* + +(,@# +/ =+ )+ +;(/*+ ( (>+--:/ +-,+*(( ),+ / +/ +*+,/(. P(,( + + *+,-+, *+/+ =+ (>,(,# +/ =+ +) + + +)+ +/ < =+ / ( (=, + ++-*( /( ;+ +-,+*( + +(,@J# +/ =+ +) **(, + / +,+- =+# , ))-:/ +@(# ++ /+,)+ ( +(,@ ( ( ,+((-:/ >,)( + +/ +(,@( - +,*+/+-+/*+ ( ++-*(. E +* + ( *+,-+,( )+ ,+-+ () ( ((+/* + +(,@# =+ +) + , + *+,-+,)*( < =+ +) /+@( , + ++-*(/*+ <# +/ ) -()# , + ++-*(# ) -(+) / ++/ +, -)( )*/*(14J.
.1.2. Fud%+e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
19
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
20
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
.2.
C"d$'$"es de l% %''$/ de !e&'e&)% de d"+$$"
L) (,*-) 533B < 535B + C:@ P,-+)( C; +)*(+-+/ ) ,+)+)*)# *(/* +*;) - )+*;)# -<( -/-,,+/-( +*+,/( ( *+/-:/ + ( **+( -( -,,+)/+/*+ ( ( *+,-+,( + /. D+/*, + -) ,+)+)*) ,() )*/@, (=+) ,+(*;) ( ( ()( + ( +(/( + *+,-+,( < (=+) ,+(*;) ( >/ + ( ,+*+/):/.
.2.1. P&esupues!"s &el%!$#"s % l% %d+$s$0$l$d%d de l% de+%d% S+(( + (,*- 535B + ( /,( ,-+)( =+ L( +(/( + *+,-+,( / )+, (*( ) / ,+/+ ) ,+=)*) + A,*- 424B <# (+)# ) + +(/(/*+ / ,+( ) +,+- -/ -+/* - ,;( + >+-( -+,*(# +/ ) +>+-*# ) / ( @(,(/*( )>-+/*+ ( -,*+, + !+ (,( ,+)/+, , ) () < +,-) =+ ( *+,-+,( +,( ,,@(,. A) +)# +) )+((, =+# -/ -(,-*+, ,+; ( ,//-(+/* ),+ + +,+-
21
+ *+,-+,)*(# < - ,+=)*) (,( ( ()( + ( +(/(# ++/ -/-,,, ) )@+/*+)
.2.1.1.
U p&$'$p$" de p&ue0% p"& es'&$!" del ,ud%+e!" de l% p&e!es$/ del !e&'e&$s!%
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
22
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
23
D+ @( >,( +/ )++ -()(*,( )+ ( ,+-)( =+ L( +)(>+-*(-:/ + / @,(;(+/ *+-(, / ++ @,(,)+ ( *,(;?) + / ,-+) + *+,-+,(# )/ +/ / + /( + (-* ,-. %( =+ ( *+,-+,( + ,+(# *+/+ - ,+)+)* ,-+)( >/(+/*( =+ )+ (-,+*+ ( ,+( + ) +/+) (>+-*() +/ +/ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( -/ + ,+- + *(+) +/+)21J.
.2.1.2.
L% e$s!e'$% del e+0%&" s"0&e 0$ees 3 de&e'4"s
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
24
L/ P((-22J ( ,+)+-* (/*( =+ ( ()( + () *+,-+,() -(=+,( )+( ) -()+# )+ (<( -/-/(( ( ( +K)*+/-( + / +(,@. E/ -() -/*,(, / +K)*,( /*+,?) ,- =+ ( ))*+/*()+# ,=+ (/ +/ ( :*+)) + =+ +/ / ,-+) +/+/*+ +/*,+ *,() +,)/() ( -/*,;+,)( ;+,)(, ),+ / ,-+) +/+/*+ +/*,+ *,() +,)/() ( -/*,;+,)( ;+,)(, ),+ + / + / +/ + ,+( + *+,-+,)*(# ),+ / -,?* + ?)*+ ,+(-/( -/ ( -)( *@)(# ( )+/*+/-( =+ +/ +)+ ,-+) )+ -*(, + )+,( //+ < -(,+-+,( , *(/* + *( ;,*(( (,( +)(, + +/ + / +,+- ,+>+,+/-( ),+ ?. N ()*(# , *,( (,*+# =+ + +(,@ (<( ) ,+/(# A+) +) /+-+)(, =+ (<( ) +>+-*;(+/*+ *,((. C(+ )+((, ())# =+ ( ,),+/-( ( +K*+/ ( ()( + *+,-+,() >,+/*+ ( ( +K)*+/-( + *,( -()+ + +() )*(-/+) ,-+)(+) -<() -/)+-+/-() +=;(+/ +)+/-(+/*+ ( () + +(,@. D+ ( =+ )+ (<( +- =+ ( ,+*+/):/ + *+,-+,( ++ )+, /*+,+)*( -/ *; + )+-+)*,.
.2.1.(.
P&es!%'$/ de '%u'$/
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
25
C/)+,() +/ +)*+ -() =+ ( -,*+, + !+ (-(/ )+*,(+/*+ ( /,( ,+(*;( ( ( -/*,(-(*+(# , )/+, =+ )+ ,+)*+ /( + /(*,(+( ,+( +,)/(. E/ +)*+ * -() )+ ++ /-, ( ( -(-:/ ,(*,(# ( =+ , )+, (*( )+,+ =+ +)*( )+( ,,-/( < +>-(. S )+ ,+)+/*( /( @(,(/*( + /(*,(+( +,)/( +)*( ++, )+, >,+-( +/ + +)-,* + *+,-+,(# )+/ ,+=)* /+-+)(, ( +@((-:/ + ( >,( (/*+ + )+-,+*(, +)+-()*( +@( ,+)+-*;. E/ + -() + ( @(,(/*( + /(*,(+( ,+( )+ -/)**<+ -/ + ?,* + ( ,+)-:/ =+ (*+ ( *+,-+,( < ,+-(+ ),+ ) +/+) + ,+( + =+/ ( >,+-+# / +/ )+, + ) ) )) +* + *+,-+,(# +/ *( )+/* + !+ ,+*, + >- ,+)+-*; (,( ) /)-,-:/ +/ + ,+@)*, -,,+)/+/*+.
.2.2. P&esupues!"s &el%!$#"s %l ,"d" de l% p&e!es$/ S+(( + (,*- 533B + ( /,( ,-+)( =+ L( *+,-+,( )+ +/*+/+ -/ + +(/(/*+ < + +(/(# < ): ++ >/(,)+ +/ ( ,+( + ) +/+) (>+-*() -(+/*+ , +( -(*+(, (,( ( ++--:/ +/ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( -/ + ,+- + *(+) +/+). S/ +,- + )+((# ++ >/(,)+ +/ ( ,+( + +/+) (>+-*() -/ @(,(/*() ,+(+)# -(/ + +,+- + *+,-+,)*( )+ +/-+/*,( /)-,* -/ (/*+,,( ( -( (>+-*(-:/. A *+/, + ( ,+(--:/ + - (,*- )+ ++ ((, + *,+) ,+=)*) ,+(*;) ( >/ + ( ,+*+/):/
.2.2.1.
N" !ee& l% '"d$'$/ de p%&!e e l% e5e'u'$/
N ) *+/+/ ( -/-:/ + *+,-+, + )+* =+ +) (+/ ( ,-++/* ,/-(# )/ (=+ =+ +) +K*,( ( ( +( =+ (/*+/+/ ++-*(/*+ < ++-*(.
26
T( - )+(( M/*+, A,-(# + (-*, + ( *+,-+,( ( + *+/+, /+-+)(,(+/*+ ( -/-:/ + *+,-+, ,+)+-* + ,-+) + ++--:/# =+ )@/>-( =+ / *+/+ +@*(-:/ =+/ <( +) (,*+ +/ +)+ ,-+) )+* (); + ( ++--:/ >,)(24J. P+, )+, (,*+ +/ ( ++--:/ / +) +)*(, +,)/( - *( +/ ( )(# )/ - ( )+(( O,*+) R() / (+, ) +)* +/ ( )-:/ + (,*+) ++-*(() - -/)+-+/-( + ( (-*;( ++-*;(25J. E/ +>/*;( =+(/ +K-) / ) (=+) )+)*) +/ =+ ( ++--:/ )+ ( +)(-( >,+/*+ ( /( +,)/( ++-*(J )/ *(?/ (=+) =+# *( < - )+(( ( /,( ,-+)(# )+ (/ ;)* (>+-*() , /( +K*+/):/ + ( ,+)/)(( +/ ( ;( ++-*;(# ( )+, ,+*(,) + ) +/+) +)+-(+/*+ (>+-*) ( (@ + ( +( +/ -<( ;,* )+ ,-++.
.2.2.2.
Tee& l% '%l$d%d de p&"p$e!%&$" " !$!ul%& del 0$e " de&e'4" +%!e&$% de e+0%&"
C +)*(+-+ ( /,( ,-+)( ( *+,-+,( )(+/*+ ++ >/(,)+ +/ ( ,+( + ) +/+) (>+-*() -(+/*+ (,( ( ++--:/. A)# +)# ( **+( + ( *+,-+,( + / / ) ++ -/-++,)+ ( **(, + / +,+- + ,+( ),+ + +/ +(,@( )/ ( (=+) *,) **(,+) + +,+-)# )*/*) + + ,+(# +, ))-+*+) + )+, +* + / +(,@ /+ ;.@,. **(,( + -+/*() (/-(,()# +,+- + )>,-*# +,+- + -,+(# +*-.J. N )*(/*+ (/*+,,# -+,* +) =+ ( @,(/ (<,( + ) )+)*) =+ +/ ( ,-*-( ,@/(/ + (/*+(+/* + /( *+,-+,( + / *+/+/ - ()+ + +,+- + ,+(. E/ ,+(-:/ -/ )+((# +) ,*(/*+ ,+-)(, =+ + *+,-+,)*( ++ 24J M/*+, A,-(. O. C*.# . 94. 25J O,*+). O. C*.# . 975.
27
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
28
-+/* (-,+*+ + (/+,( /-/*,;+,*+ + +,+- /;-( + *+,-+,)*(# +) + + ++,(, ),+ +)* +/ ( +*(( ,-+)( -,,+)/+/*+. R+-,+) =+ + +# ) =+ + )*,(,# +)* (( ( /(@(, ),+ ) +-) + ()( < ( +-(,(, ( ;+,( + ) )) + +# - + )*,(,# )+ -+ *(?/ =+ / ++ +;(, ( -( /( (, + >(/*()(# )/ /( ,( + ++--:/ < + -/)*,--:/ ),+ (*) ,++K)*+/*+). E/ ( )*,( < +/ + ,-+) )+ (( + ,+()# + -+/*)# + *+)*/)# + >+/*+)# < + ) -,* -(28J.
.2.2.(.
Ad6u$s$'$/ del 0$e " de&e'4" '" %!e&$"&$d%d % l% %,e'!%'$/ del e+0%&"
L( +K@+/-( + +)*+ ,+=)* +) +;+/*+# *( ;+ =+ ( (/*(-:/ + +(,@ / *( () >(-*(+) + ))-:/ + **(, + +/ +(,@(. A,( +/# + ( =+ ( *,(/)):/ + +/+) +,+-) +(,@() +) +,>+-*(+/*+ )+ < ;( +/ + * + () ,+(-/+) ,-() <# +/ ;,* + ,/- + )+@,( ,-(# +)( *,(/)):/ / ++ +,-(, ( +K+-*(*;() + -, + (-,++, ++-*(/*+# / ((,(, ( ))*,(--:/ + / +/ + +, +,)+@ +/ / ,-++/* + ++--:/. P+, / ()*( =+ + *+,-+,)*( )+( ,+*(, **(, + +,+- +(,@( +/ + +/* + ( /*+,)-:/ + ( *+,-+,(# )/ =+ - )+(( ( /,( ,-+)(# < - ;+/( +K@+/ ( !,),+/-(# ( + )+, +/ + +/* (/*+,, ( (=+ +/ =+ )+ ,-( + +(,@# -/ /++/+/-( + +/* +/ =+ )+ + + -( ( ( )(. E/ +)*+ )+/*# ++ *+/+,)+ +/ -+/*( =+ /( ;+ =+ )+ (<( ++-*( ( +( -(*+(, +K)*+ ( )( + =+ + (>+-*( -/ ( )( +( /*+,/+, ) ,+*+/):/. E/ +>/*;(# ( ,+;(+/-( +/*,+ + +,+- + *+,-+,)*( < + + (-,++, ++-*(/*+# ;+/, +*+,/(( , + +/* -,/:@- +/ =+ )+ , ( (=)-:/ + +/ +,+- < (=+ +/ =+ )+ , + +(,@ <# +# -/ /++/+/-( + ( -( ,+@)*,(. 28J C(((/+# P+, 1945J. E)*) ),+ + ,-+) -;. T,(--:/ + S(/*(@ S+/*) M++/. A,@+/*/( E*,( Q@,>-(# . 107.
29
N (< =+ ;(,# *( < - (/*+) )+ ( - =+ ( (=)-:/ + ( ,+( < +) +,+-) +K@+ ( -/-,,+/-( + ** < + ( *,(-:/# +/ -(=+,( + )) ((+) (/*+) + =+ )+ (<( ,- + +(,@. E/ )++ -()(*,(29J )+ ( ,+-)( =+ + D+,+- + *+,-+,)*( ++ )+, /)-,* -/ (/*+,,( ( + (-,++, *+-(, P(,( /+, + +,+- + ) *+,-+,)*() ( +,+- + (-,++, *+-(,# +( )+, /)-,* -/ (/*+,,( ( + ?)*+ , =+# ( *,()-+/+/-( + (=? +,+- (,( ,+;(+-+, / ),+ ( @(,(/*( ,+( *+/+ =+ +,+-+, (/)) +/ )+/*+/-(. D+ @( >,( ) ( (+,)+ +-,+*( ( +( + +(,@ < +/-/*,(,)+ +)*( /)-,*( -/ (/*+,,( ( ( -,(;+/*( +>+-*((# / ,+)*( ((,(+ ( *+,-+,(# *( ;+ =+ (,( +, /+, +,+-) ,+(+) +) /+-+)(, =+ + +,+- )+ +/-+/*,+ /)-,* -/ (/*+,,( ( + (=+ =+ )+ /+.
.(.
Te&'e&)% de +e5"& de&e'4" " !e&'e&)% de p%"
.(.1. C"'ep!" L((( *(?/ *+,-+,( + M+, D+,+- +,+- ,+>+,+/*+# < + @( +,+-# ((( *(?/ -(<;(/*+# +) (=+( +/ ( =+ + *+,-+,)*( / (+@( )+, ,+*(, + ) +/+) +/ *@# )/ *+/+, ),+ +) / +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( =+ ,+*+/+/ ) *@(/*+). T+/+ , +* @,(, =+ + *+,-+,)*( )+( ,+/*+@,( + ) -,?* -/ ) +/+) +(,@()# < -/ ,+>+,+/-( ( (-,++, ++-*(/*+. P(,( ALSINA30J# ( *+,-+,( + +, +,+- *+/+ , +* ,+-((, + (@ + / -,?*# -/ ,+>+,+/-( ( + ++-*(/*+# /( ;+ ,+(() ) +/+) +(,@(). L( ,+>+,+/-( ++ ,+)*(,# +/ ,+, *?,/ + ( +K)*+/-( + / ,;+@ +)+-(# )+( + ( )*(-:/ +@( +/ =+ / 29J CAS. N 116202 !UNIN E P+,(/# 03022003. 30J A)/(# H@ 1963J. O. C*. P. 355356.
30
-,?* )+ +/-+/*,( -/ ,+(-:/ ( *, >,+/*+ ( +*+,/() +/+). J P+,# (+) + ) ,;+@)# +K)*+ *,( -()( + ,+>+,+/-( =+ +) + +(,@ +)# - +) ;)*# ( >+-( + )) /)-,-:/ +/ + ,+@)*, + ( P,+( *,(*/)+ + /++) + ( /*>-(-:/ ) >+)+/ -,?*)# +*+,/( ( ,+(-:/ (,( + (@. E/ *( )+/*# +)*( -()+ + *+,-+,( +//(( +, +,+-# , ( =+ )+ ,+*+/+ *+/+, / -,?* =+ ++ )+, (@( -/ ,+>+,+/-( ( + ++-*(/*+ -/ + ,-* + ( ;+/*( + +/ +(,@(. A) *(?/ )+ ( ,+-)( +/ ,+*+,(( ,),+/-( +/ )++ -()(*,( ,+)+-* + (@ + ,+/+,(-/+) P,,(. E (@ + () ,+/+,(-/+) < + ) +/+>-) )-(+) + *,(((, *+/+ ,,( ),+ -(=+,( *,( @(-:/ + ++(,. E (,*- ,+, + D+-,+* L+@)(*; --+/*) -/-+/*( < )+) )+(( =+ -/)**<+/ -,?*) (,(+) J () ,+/+,(-/+)# J ( -+/)(-:/ , *+ + )+,;-)# J () /+/(-/+)# ;J +/ @+/+,(# ) +/+>-) +)*(+-) , +< =+ )+ (+(/ ( ) *,(((,+)# ;J ) (,*+) (@) *(/* + S)*+( P,;( + A/)*,(-:/ + F/) + P+/)/+) - + S)*+( N(-/( + P+/)/+)# < ) /*+,+)+) < @()*) =+ , *(+) -/-+*) +,(/ +;+/@(,)+31J.
31J
CAS NB 75205 SANTA.
31
7.
OPORTUNIDAD
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
H/)*,( 2010J. O. C*.# . 403. CAS. 1812002LAMQA%E$UE# E P+,(/ 30062003.
32
,+(*+ + +/# ++/ +/*+/+,)+ , /- + ,+(*+# ( +-*,( + ( ,+(-:/ + +/+) ( ;+/+,)+# ( (-* ) + ( ;+/*( < )*+,, (-(-:/ +/ ,+( ( >(;, + (@/ )*,# =+ )+ ,-+/ +/ + ) (-*. E/ -/)+-+/-(# ( (+,)+ ,+)+/*( ( +(/( + *+,-+,( -/ (/*+,,( ( +)*+ (-*# )+ +/*+/+ =+ ?)*( ( ) /*+,+)*( ,*/(+/*+. P, *( ,(:/# ( S(( +-(,: >/( + ,+-,) + -()(-:/ /*+,+)* , + ,+-,,+/*+. I@(+/*+# +/ + -() +/ + -( + +/ )+ +/-+/*,+ )+* ( ++--:/ +/ ,+(*+J + +/# )+ )+(: =+ D++ +/*+/+,)+ =+ ( /*+,)-:/ + ( *+,-+,( +K-<+/*+ + / ++ +>+-*(,)+ ()*( (/*+) + =+ )+ /-+ + (-* + ,+(*+# +)* +)# ()*( (/*+) + =+ )+ + +-*,( + ( ,+(-:/ + +/+) < -/-/+) + ,+(*+# < / ()*( (/*+) + =+ )+ (=+ + +/ ( / + ) )*,+)34J. E) +-,# =+ + /- + (-* + ,+(*+ )+ ( -/ ( +-*,( + ) +/+) < -/-/+) +/ ) =+ )+ ;( ( ,+((, + -*( (-*# , =+ ,+)*( +,*/+/*+ (*+(, ( *+,-+,( ()*( - +/* < / -/ )*+,,( -() -/*,(, / )+, ((,( ( ,+*+/):/ + *+,-+,)*(.
34J
CAS. NB 10642000 P-(( + 30 + /;+,+ + 2000J.
33
8.
EFECTOS DE LA TERCERÍA DE PROPIEDAD
T( - )+ ( ;+/ )+(( +/ /+() (/*+,,+)# ( *+,-+,( + ,+( -/)**<+ / ,-+) ( *,(;?) + -( / *+,-+, (>,( $+ +) **(, + +,+- + ,+( ),+ + +/ +(,@( +/ ++--:/ +/ *, ,-+) <# =+ ) +,+- + ,+( +) /+ ( +,+- + (-,++, +(/(/*+. E +* -/))*+ +/ =+ + !+ ,+/+ ( +)(>+-*(-:/ + +/ =+ (>,( + +,*+/+-+. E/ *( )+/*# ,( )+((,)+ - /(*,(+(. L( *+,-+,( +) / ,-+) / /( /*+,;+/-:/ + *+,-+,). R+)+-* + ) +>+-*) + (* =+ (*+ ( +(/( + *+,-+,( + ,+(# ( /,( +)*(+-+ ) )*(-/+) 1.
S + *+,-+,)*( (-,+*( ) +,+- + ,+( -/ -+/* - ,;( + >+-( -+,*(. A*( ( *+,-+,( + ,+(# )+ ))+/+, + ,-+) ) +)*;+,( +/ ( +*(( + ++--:/# (/=+ +)*? -/)+/*( ++-*,(( ( ,+)-:/ =+ ,+/( ( ;+/*( + ) +/+). E/ ) -()) =+ ) +/+) +)*?/ )+*) ( +*+,,# -,,-:/ +)((,-:/ =+ ) -/)+,;(-:/ ,+)*+ +K-+);(+/*+ /+,)(# + ,-* + ( ;+/*( =+( (>+-*( ( ,+)*( + ( *+,-+,(.
2.
S + *+,-+,)*( / (-,+*( ) +,+- + ,+( -/ -+/* - ,;( + >+-( -+,*(# + *+,-+,)*( ++ *+/+, ( ))+/):/ + ( +( -(*+(, + ( ++--:/ + +/ (>+-*(# ) ( @(,(/*( *,@(( +) )>-+/*+ ( -,*+, + !+.
P(,( H/)*,(# L( ():/ + ( +(/( + *+,-+,( + ,+( / ))+/+ ( *,(*(-:/ + -(+,/ -(*+(,# )/ + ,-+) ,/-(# )+,+ =+ ?)*+ )+ +/-+/*,+ +/ +)* + ++--:/ >,(( < / )+ (<( ( /- ( ,+(*+. L( ))+/):/ +,( +/*/-+) ' +/ >,( (**-(. A (,*, + ,+=+,+/* =+ (-+ + @( ( +(/( (,( =+ -( ,+/( +/ ( )+/*+/-( >,+ + //@/ *+/+ @(, (/*+) + -
34
+/* ,-+)(. +)* )+ +K-( ,=+ ( *+,-+,( + / *+/+ , >/(( ,/-( +;*(, ( ;+/*( >,)( + ) +/+) + *+,-+,)*( < + ((+/* + ( +( -(*+(, /+(+/*+ *,(((# =+ / (;(( ( (-:/ + ,-+) ,/-( +/ ,+(-:/ ( -( )+ )-*: < )) /( +( -(*+(,. D+ @( >,( )+(( =+# ( ))+/):/ + ( +(( -(*+(, =+ ++ *+/+, + *+,-+,)*( +/ -() =+ / (-,+*+ =+ ) +/+) )/ + ) ,+( ++-+ / *(/* ( +* + ( *+,-+,(# )/ ) =+ * ( ( @(,(/*( =+ ,+)*( -/ ( >/(( + ()+@,(, + ,+)(,-+/* + ) () =+ +( -()(, *( ))+/):/. E) +/ ;,* + +)*( @(,(/*( =+ )+ ))+/+ ( +( ,+;+/*;(# )+,+ =+ )+( )>-+/*+ (,( -,, ( @(-:/. A ,+)+-* )+ ,+-)( =+ E +,-( , /( +( -(*+(, -*(( +/ + ,-+) =+ / +) (,*+# ++ +, ) ))+/):/ )/ /*+,/+, *+,-+,(# (/+K(/ ** + ,+( ,+@)*,(. S () >(-*,()# @() < +*() + ;+/*( =+ (-(+/ / (-,+*(/ + (@/ ( ,+( (+@((# ++ + (--/(/*+ (-+, ;(+, ) +,+- ( *,(;?) + ( *+,-+,(35J. S ,+)*(,( >/(( ( +(/( + *+,-+,( + ,+( /*+,+)*( , + ,+*(, + +/ (>+-*(# + + ( + +-,+*(, + +;(/*(+/* + ( +( -(*+(, )+)*( < -+)( ( ))+/):/ + ,-+) ,/-(# ++/ ( (,*+ ++-*(/*+ )-*(, ( (>+-*(-:/ + *,) +/+) (,( )+@,(, ,)+@, -/ + ++--:/ >,((. C() -/*,(,# ) >+)+ +-(,( />/(( ( +(/( + *+,-+,( + ,+( 35J EK. NB 46497# C(,*( S(( C;# C,*+ S+,, + !)*-(# L++)( N(,;+# M(,(/+(# !,),+/-( A-*(# T 1# G(-+*( !,-(# . 502.
35
-+)( + @( >,( ( ))+/):/ + ,-+) ,/-(# -/*//)+ -/ ( ,)+--:/ + ( ++--:/ >,(( ,+)+-* + ) +/+) =+ >+,/ +* + *+,-+,(# )/ +,- + () ,+)/)((+) -; < +/( =+ +,+ @(, , (,*+ + *+,-+,)*(# + (@ + () -*() < -)*) + ,-+)# ( *( < (+) ( ++--:/ + ( @(,(/*( ) -/ ( +(/( /-,,: +/ () < +,-) (,( + ++-*(/*+. P(,( S) )+ ++ (@,(, ) +>+-*) + ( )@+/*+ (/+,( 1J E>+-*) + ( ():/ + ( *+,-+,(. L( ():/ + ( +(/( + *+,-+,( ,-+ ( ))+/):/ + ,-+) ) +)*;+,( +/ ( +*(( + ++--:/# () +)*(+-+ + (,*- 536B + C:@ P,-+)(. E/*?/()+ +/*/-+) =+# ) + ,-+) / +)*;+,( +/ ( +*(( + ++--:/# ( +(/( + *+,-+,( / ,-, ( ))+/):/ + ,-+). I@(+/*+# + (,*- 598B# /-. 3# + ( L+< + E/-(+/* C; +)(( +)*(+-+ - +>+-* + ( ():/ + ( *+,-+,(# + *+( + ( +,( + +(,@# )*(-:/ =+ / ( ) -/)+,( , /+)*, C:@ P,-+)( C;# -( -,++) =+ ++,( -,,+@,)+# +) ( +(/( + *+,-+,( /+ +/ +@, ( ;+/*( + +/ <# -/)+-+/*++/*+# ( *+/-:/ + /+, -/ + -( + ++-*(/*+ +)+,( ;+, )(*)>+- + (@ + ) (-,++/-(. 2J E>+-*) + ( +)*(-:/ +/ ( )+/*+/-( + ( +(/( + *+,-+,(. S ( +(/( + *+,-+,( +) +-(,(( >/((# +/*/-+) )+ +;(/*(, + +(,@ < )+-+)*, +-,+*() -/*,( ) +/+) + *+,-+,)*(. M/*+, A,-( )+(( =+ ) ,*(/*+ + ( )+/*+/-( =+ +-+ ( *+,-+,( +) =+ ) ,//-(+/* ,/-( +) + ,+(*; ( ( ,-++/-( + +(,@ < ( ) /-) +>+-*) + ( ++--:/ +/ -,). P(,( +>+-*(, +)+ ,//-(+/* ++ )+, /+-+)(, *+/+, =+ ,//-(,)+# + :@-(+/*+ ,+;# ),+ ( +,*+/+/-( + +/# +, +)*+ *, ,//-(+/* / ,-, -)( @((# , =+ +) )+ / ,-+) )*+,,.
36
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
37
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
37J EK. N 227695# C(,*( S(( C;# L++)( N(,;+# M(,(/+(# E+-*,()# T 4# C-# 1996# . 357 358. 38J EK. N 108998# S+@/( S(( C;# L++)( N(,;+# M(,(/+(# !,),+/-( A-*(# T 2# G(-+*( !,-(# . 511512.
38
CAPITULO II: CONCEPTOS FUNDAMENTALES DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE
39
1.
GENERALIDADES
ARIANO DEHO# *( ++--:/# +, +/ (,*-(, ( /+,(,(# )+ >/( +/ / ,+)+)* + ,+/ ))*(/-( + =+ *) ) +/+) =+ /*+@,(/ + (*,/ + +, ,+)/+/ , + -+/* + *() )) @(-/+). E)*+ ,+)+)*# ;)* +)+ + /@ + ) (-,++,+) *+/,( / -,(, *) ) (-,++,+) ++/ *+/+, @( +,+- ( )+, )(*)>+-) -/ -(,@ ( *) ) +/+) =+ /*+@,(/ + (*,/ + +,. P+,# /(*,(+/*+# +)*() ,+@() / )/ ()*() )/ =+ *+/+/ )) +K-+-/+). D+ +-# () - / *) ) +/+) + +, ,+)/+/ , )) () +) (< (@/) =+ )/ /+(,@(+)J# / *) ) (-,++,+) *+/+/ ) )) +,+-) ( )+, )(*)>+-) -/ -(,@ ( ) +/+) + +,# +) (< (@/) =+ @(/ + ,,( >,+/*+ ( ) +).
RODRÍGUE9 GARCS -+ )@+/*+ L( ,+(-:/ + -,?*) +) + -//* + ,+@() =+ +*+,/(/ + ,+/ < ( >,( +/ =+ ++/ (@(,)+ ) ;+,)) (-,++,+) + / +,. L( ,+@( @+/+,( +) ( @(( + -/-:/ ,-( + ) (-,++,+) (,( -/-,,, +/ + (@ -/ + ,-* + ) +/+) + +, -(/ / (-(/(/ ( -,,)+ /*+@,(+/*+ *) )) -,?*). L) (-,++,+)# +/ *( -()# )+ (@(/ ( ,,,(*(. P+, (< -+,*() -()() + ,+>+,+/-( =+ >(;,+-+/ +*+,/() -,?*)# +/ ;,* + () -(+) (@/) (-,++,+)# +/ -() + /);+/-( + +,# )/ (@() /*+@,(+/*+ +/ )) -,?*) -/ ,+>+,+/-( ( *,).
40
LINO PALACION (>,( =+ () -()(+) + ,+>+,+/-( =+ (*,(/ ( /*+,)-:/ + +)*( -()+ + *+,-+,( -/))*+/# (/*+ * +/ ) ,;+@) +)+-(+)# +) +-, =+ (>+-*+/ +*+,/() +/+) + +, < ))(,(+/*+# +/ ( ,,( + (@ =+ ( +< (-+,+.
41
2.
DEFINICIÓN DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE
L( *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + +, +,+- +) (=+( +/ ( =+ + *+,-+,)*( ,+*+/+ *+/+, / -,?* =+ ++ )+, (@( -/ ,+>+,+/-( ( + ++-*(/*+# -/ ,- + ( ;+/*( + +/ +(,@(.
OBANDO BLANCO E) (=+( =+ *+/+ , +* =+ + *+,-+, )+ (@( (@ + ) -,?* (/*+) =+ + ++-*(/*+. L+@ + ,?(*+ )+ + (@+ ,+, ( *+,-+,)*(# , *+/+, / +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@. L( )-):/ @,( +/ *,/ ( +*+,/(, ) + *+,-+,)*( +) **(, + / +, +,+- + -,?* >,+/*+ ( ++-*(/*+# < - *(# (*,( ( )+, (@( ,,*(,(+/*+ -/ + ,+- + ,+(*+ + +/ @,(;(.
PRIETO;CASTRO C/-+*( ( ( *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + +, +,+- - ( (-*(-:/ +/ / ,-+) + ++--:/ + / *+,-+, =+ (+@( ) +,+- ( )+, ,+/*+@,( + -,?* =+ )*+/*( -/ ,+>+,+/-( ( (-,++, + ( ++--:/ < -/ -(,@ ( ) +/+) ,+(() D+ -/>,( -/ )+)* , + (,*- 533 + -:@ ,-+)( -;# ( *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ )+ +/*+/+ -/ + +(/(,*+ < + +(/(# < ) ++ >/(,)+ +/ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( -/ + ,+- + ) +/+) (>+-*() -/ +( -(*+(, (,( ( ++--:/. E )+@/ ,,(> + (,*- 100 + -:@ ,-+)( -; *,(*( -/-+,/+/*+ ( ( /*+,;+/-:/ +/ / ,-+) + =+/ ,+*+/+ )+ + ,+-/-( +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ,+)+-* + *+/ +/ ( ++--:/ >,((. C )+ (,+-(# ( ,+*+/):/ + *+,-+,)*( ,+>+,+/*+ +) (**-( +/ ,+(-:/ ( ,-+) =+ ( *;(# , =+ / )+ ;+/*( +/ *,*+ /-+/*( )/ +/ ;( + (--:/.
42
E/ )/*+)) ( *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ +) (=+( =+ *+/+ , >/(( ,+-((, + (@ ,+>+,+/*+ + /( -,++/-(# /( ;+ ,+(() ) +/+) =+ >+,/ +* + +( -(*+(,. E)*+ +,+- + ,+>+,+/-( ++ +,;(, + (@/( )*(-:/ +@( -( + -(,-*+, +)+-( =+ +*+,/( / -,?* ,;+@( +/ -(,(-:/ ( *, >,+/*+ ( -+,*) +/+) ++/ ,+-((, - (@ ,+>+,+/-( , ++ # + (-,++, *+-(,# + ,+/(,# + ,+, +(,@(/*+# +*-.
43
(.
NATURALE9A EN ELLA SE COMPRENDE EL E
L() (--/+) )/ () )@+/*+) A. L( (--:/ + -, + -,?* Q. L( + ,+>+,+/-( + (@. A() ,+*+/)/+) )+ (/*+(/ +/ ( +(/( + *+,-+,( < *+/+/ - +)*/(*(,) )+*) ,-+)(+) >+,+/*+. L( ,+,( ( ++-*( < ( )+@/( ( ++-*(/*+. L( +)-)-:/ + +)*+ -+ < + (/)) + ) +++/*) =+ /*+@,(/ +,*( ,+-)(, ) +)+/-( < +)+/*,((, ) /(*,(+( ,-(. 1.
C(( /( + () ,+*+/)/+) *+/+ / -/*+/ ;+,)
C(+ )+,;(, =+ -(( /( + () ,+*+/)/+) =+ )+ +-+/ (-(() *+/+/ / +,+- ;+,)# + + -/)+,(,( - /( (,( *( +>+-* +) + ,+-)(, ) /(*,(+( ,-(. L( /*+,)-:/ + /( *+,-+,( + ,+(-:/ )/+ + ++,-- + ) (--/+)
=+
*+/+/
-
+)*/(*(,
)+*)
();)
>+,+/*+)#
)*/+(+/*+ >,+/*+ ( ) )+*) ,-+)(+) =+ -(/ )*(-/+) ,-+)(+) ) / (/*(@:/-()# ( +/) >+,+/*+). 2.
S+ *,(*( + /( **+( ,-( >/(+/*( ,-+)(.
C(+ )+,;(, +/ )+@/ @(, =+ +/ ( *+,-+,( ( ,+(-:/ + **+() + /(*,(+( >/(+/*( ,-+)( (/=+ ) +>-(-( / +,+ +K-);(+/*+ +/*, + +)*( ,*(. L( (--:/ =+ + *+,-+,)*( ,@+ >,+/*+ ( ++-*(/*+ ,+ -(,-*+, ( +)*( /*+,;+/-:/. D+ +( +(/(/ )) ,/-(+) (,*-(,+) < + -/)**<+ + /-+ +)+/-( + ( *+,-+,( + +, +,+-.
44
FERNADE9 LOPE9 (,@+/*( ( >(;, + +)*( *+))# (-+/ () )@+/*+) ,(/+) (.
S+ *,(*( + /( (--:/ +)*(*( , +< ,-+)( (,( -, /(
):/ ,-+)( +)+->-( < +/ / +/* ,-+)( +*+,/(. .
S+ *,(*( + /( (--:/ =+# +/ -/)+,(-:/ ( -,-/)*(/-()
,(+/*+ ,-+)(+)# +)* )+*( ( / ,+;+ ( + -(-( + >,( =+ ) / )+ ++,-*( +/*, + +)+ *+# +)(,+-+ - *( ( (--:/ + *+,-+,( (/ -(/ =+(,( ( ) **(, ( (--:/ @+/?,-(. -.
L( **+( =+ )+ )-*( +(/*+ /( *+,-+,( + +, +,+- )
++ )+, -/-+( , + +)*( + ++-*,# +(/*+ /( +-(,(-:/ + ;/*( + +)*+# <( =+ (/ +/ + )+)* + =+ + ++-*(/*+ + ++-*( () ( ( ;+ =)+,(/# / ,(/ (, )(*)>(--:/ , ) ) ( + , + *+,-+,)*( L( *+,-+,( + ,+(-:/# -/)**<+ / + ) -()) +/ =+ ( (--:/ ,-+)( ++)*,( (*/( >,+/*+ ( +,+- )+*; (*+,(# )+ *,(*( + /( **+( ,-( + /(*,(+( >/(+/*(+/*+ ,-+)(. L( )+/*+/-( =+ /+ >/ ( ( *+,-+,( *,()()( + * ,(+/*+ ,-+)( + ,-+) + ++--:/# *(/ ( ( +-):/ + >+,( + -)( @(( (*+,( E/ ( *+,-+,( + ,+(-:/ +) /+-+)(, +K(/(, +/ * ( -(, ) /(*,(+( ,-(# ) >+,+/*+) +++/*) =+ -/-,,+/ +/ +( < + , ,- =+ +)*) +@(/ +/*, + +)*+ ,-+) +)+-(. (.
&/-(-:/ *+,-+,)*( ' ++-*(.
L( ;/-(-:/ =+ /+ ( *+,-+,)*( -/ + ++-*( +) >+,+/*+ + ( =+ /+ ( ++-*(/*+ (/ ,@+/ ( /( ,+(-:/ ,- ,-+)( -+(# +/ (*+/-:/ ( =+ ) (-*(, +/ + ,-+) *+/+ /( >/(+/*(-:/ >+,+/*+ (,( -(( / + +). L( (--:/ =+ + *+,-+,)*( + +, +,+- ,@+ >,+/*+ ( ++-*( +) +/ ( (<,( + ) -()) /( (--:/ +,)/( ()(( +/ ( +K)*+/-( + / -,?* -+,*# = < +K@+.
45
E/ -/-+* + FERNANDE LOPE# ( )-:/ + *+,-+,)*( >,+/*+ + +, ++-*( / ;(,( , + +- + ,+-((,)+ + -,?* ( *,(;?) + ( *+,-+,( + +, +,+- L( )*(-:/ + -/+/( =+ )+ ,-+ >,+/*+ ( ++-*( / +) )+,+ /+-+)(,( <( =+ +)*+ +/ (@/) -()) <( ;+/+ (( +/ ,(:/ + =+ + -,?* + *+,-+,)*( )+ >/(+/*( +/ / ** ++-*; +/ +)*) -()) ( /*+,;+/-:/ + ++-*( *+/, -(,-*+, + )-:/ < ) , /+, () +K-+-/+) =+ )+ (*,(/ ( * ++-*(. .
&/-(-:/ *+,-+,)*( ++-*(/*+
L( +(/( + *+,-+,( + ,+(-:/ - ,+*+/):/ + +, +,+- + (@ +/ * (,*+ + ++-*(/*+ < +/ +>/*;( +/+,;(, ( >(-*( ,-+)( =+ (( +)*+ (=, L( (--:/ =+ )+ ,@+ >,+/*+ ( ++-*(/*+ +) /( (--:/ -/)***;( +)* +)*/(( ( //;(, + ,+/(+/* ,- < ( />, +-);(+/*+ +/ ( ,+/(-:/ ,+;( + ( )*,-:/ + ( )( *+/( -/ ( ;+/*( + ) +/+) +(,@(). E/ +)*() *+,-+,() ( )+/*+/-( +) ))-+*+ + ++--:/ *; , + -( )+ ((,*(/ + () )+/*+/-() +,(+/*+ +-(,(*;( -<( -(,(-*+,)*-( ,(-( +/ =+ ( ,( +-(,(-:/ (@*( * + -/*+/ + ( (--:/. E ++-*(/*+ -/ + +(,@ ( (=, ( >(-*( ,-+)( + (@(,)+ ) -,?* -/ + ,-* + ) +/+) +(,@() < () )+, ) / )+ ,-+ //@/( (*+,(-:/ ( ,+/ /,( < ,/(, + () -()(). L() )+/*+/-() + *+,-+,( ;+/+/ , + ( -((, ( )*(-:/ ,-( +/ =+ )+ +/-/*,(( + ++-*(/*+ < +/+,;(/ ( >(-*( ,-+)( =+ )+ -/-++ ( ++-*(/*+ )/+ ) -,?* ( + *+,-+,)*(.
46
-. FUNDAMENTO DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE E ,-+) + *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ )+ ()( +/ ( ,*+--:/ + ) /*+,+)+ +@*) + * (-,++, -< -,?* ,+)*( ,;+@( +/ ,+(-:/ ( + *,)# < +/ ;,* + -( )+ + >(-*( ( +K@, +/ ,+, @(,. E ,+/ + ,+(-:/ >( ( +< - +) + -() + ) +,+-) ,+(+) + @(,(/*(#
+
()
@(-/+)
(+/*-()#
*,*(,()#
+
(=+()
-,,+)/+/*+) ( (@ + ,+/+,(-/+) +/+>-) )-(+)# +*-.J +)*(+-+ + :,@(/ ,)--/( ++/+/ + ( >+-( + ++--:/ + () +() -(*+(,+). E (,*- 533 + CPC (-+ ,+>+,+/-( ( >/(+/* + ( *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ +)*(+-+/ =+ ( *+,-+,( )+ +/*+/+ -/ + +(/(/*+ < + +(/(# < ) ++ >/(,)+ +/ ( ,+( + ) +/+) (>+-*() , +(( -(*+(, +/ + +,+- + ,+>+,+/-( ( )+, (@( -/ + ,+- + *(+) +/+). L( *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ )+ >/(+/*( +/
L( *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ *+/+ , +* ,+-((, + (@ + / -,?*# -/ ,+>+,+/-( ( + ++-*(/*+# /( ;+ ,+(() ) +/+) +(,@().
L( ,+>+,+/-( ++ ,+)*(,# +/ ,+, *?,/# + ( +K)*+/-( + / ,;+@ +)+-(# )+( + ( )*(-:/ +@( +/ =+ / -,?* )+ +/-+/*,( -/ ,+(-:/ ( *, >,+/*+ ( +*+,/() +/+).
S+ ()( +/ ( ,*+--:/ + ) /*+,+)+) +@*) + * (-,++, -< -,?* ,+)*( ,;+@( +/ ,+(-:/ ( + *,)# < +/ ;,* + -( )+ + >(-*( ( +K@, +/ ,+, @(,.
47
L( *+,-+,( +) / +-(/) + )-:/ ( ( ++--:/ , (,*+ + *+,-+,# <( )+( ,=+ +)*+ / (-,+*( *+/+, + +,+- + -,?* ,+>+,+/*+# ( (,*+ (-*;( + +)*+ ,-+) +) + *+,-+,)*( ( +,)/( -< +/ *+/+ / +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@# ( (,*+ ();( +)* -/>,(( , + +/(*+ < +(/(.
48
.
OPORTUNIDAD DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO PREFERENCIA
A>+-*( + +/ -/ (@/( +( -(*+(,# + (-,++, ,;+@( ++ /*+,/+, ) +(/( + *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ +/ -(=+, +/* ()*( (/*+) =+ )+ ,+(( + (@ ( (-,++, +(/(/*+ +/ + ,-+) +/ =+ )+ *,(( ( +( -(*+(, =+ ( @(, ( ( *+,-+,(J. E/ +)+ )+/* )+ ,//-( ( *( (,*+ + (,*- 534 + C:@ P,-+)( C;. A) +)# -/>,+ )+ ++ (,+-(, + - ,+-+* +@(# (>+-*( + +/ -/ (@/( +( -(*+(,# + (-,++, ,;+@( ++ /*+,/+, ) +(/( + *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ +/ -(=+, +/* ()*( (/*+) =+ )+ ,+(-+ + (@. S+@/ LINO PALACIO +)*+ * + *+,-+,( ++ /*+,/+,)+ ()*( *(/* + +(,@(/*+ / (<( ,+- + ,*+ + -,?* ,+-(# ()(( ( ,*/( +/-/(( + *+,-+,*( ++ (-+, ;(+, )) +,+-) +/ + ,-+) =+ -,,+)/(. L( /,( +/ + (,*- 534B + CPC ,+@( ( ,*/( +/ =+ ++ +(/(,)+ ( *+,-+,( + (@ *+/+ / (-(/-+ (* +/ *?,/) + ,*/( =+ ( *+,-+,( + ,+(. E/ +>+-*# +)*( *+,-+,( ++ /*+,/+,)+ ()*( +)?) + ,+(*+ + +/# +, (/*+) + =+ )+ ,+(-+ + (@ ( (-,++, < , + ( *+,-+,( + (@ +)* ,+>+,( ( +,+- + -,?* < / ( ( ,+( + +/.
49
7.
RE?UISITOS DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE
S+ />+,+ + ) (,*-) 533# 534 < 535 + CPC =+ )/ ,+=)*) + ( +(/( + *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+) ) )@+/*+)
L( +K)*+/-( + /( +( -(*+(, =+ (>+-*+ + +,+- ,+>+,+/-( + *+,-+, ( )+, (@( -/ + ,-* =+ )+ *+/@( + ) +/+) ),+ =+ ,+-(+ (=+(.
$+ )+ /*+,/@( ( +(/( ,*/(+/*+.
L) ,+=)*) @+/+,(+) -/*+() +/ ) (,*-) 424 < 425 + CPC
$+ )+ (-,+*+ >+(-+/*++/*+ + +,+- + ,+>+,+/-( +/ =+ )+ >/( + *+,-+,*(# <( )+( -/ -+/* ,;( ,;( + >+-( -+,*(.
E >,+-+/* , (,*+ + *+,-+,*( + @(,(/*( )>-+/*+ ( -,*+, + + (,( ,+)/+, , ) () < +,-) =+ ( *+,-+,( +,( ,,@(,# +/ + -() =+ / )+ (/*()+ ( ( +(/( -+/* - ,;( + >+-( -+,*( =+ ,++ + +,+- /;-( , + /*+,+)(.
E/ + -() + ( *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ LINO PALACIO , ) (,*+ ))*+/+ =+ *,(*/)+ + /( *+,-+,( + +, +,+-# + *+,-+,)*( ++ (-,+*(, ,( >(-+) ( **(,( + -,?* =+ /;-(# () - ( +K)*+/-( + / ,;+@ +)+-( /)** ( ) >(;, + / +(,@ *+/ -/ (/*+,,(. E +/-/( *,(*()*( (,@+/*/ (@,+@( )@+/*+ A *+,-+,)*( /-+ ( -(,@( + ,(, *(/* ( +K)*+/-( + -,?* -(/ + ,;+@ ( ,,( =+ /;-( - >/(+/* + ) ,+*+/):/. E/ -() + -):/ + ,;+@) +/ =+ -/-+,/+ ( ( -,,+)/+/*+ ,+(-:/.
50
C(+ ((, =+ -(,+-+ + ,++;(/-( + ,+-/-+/* + / +, +,+- >,( , + +(,@(# )+( ( >(;, + *+,-+,)*( + +(,@(/*+. N () + ,+-/-+/* + +(,@(/*+ +/ >(;, + *+,-+,)*( =+ ++ +;+/*(+/*+ @(, - /( ,+)/-:/ >(;,(+ ( ?)*+. P(,( RE@ES MONTERERA )/ ,+)+)*) + ( *+,-+,( + +, +,+-
L( +K)*+/-( + / +, -/# =+ ( ( -/-,,+/-( ) +/) /+,)()# + (-,++,+) ( / +)+-( + (@,+):/ -+-*;( ,+)*,/@(.
L( (/*-(-:/ , / (-,,+,# ( /)*,) +K*,(# +/ ( )(*)>(--:/# P+ ++--:/ + ) -,?* ,
E +, +,+- # ( ,+>+,+/-( + ,;+@ + /+)*, ()*( +/*/-+) +)-( -,?* ,+)+-* + =+ )+ /) (/*- +/ ( ,+*+/):/ + +>+-*;(
C/)@+/*++/*+# ( )*>-(-:/# , + + / ** (*# + ( ,+;(+/-( =+ /;-().
P(,( =+ *+/@( @(, ,+)+-* + ++-*(/*+ + ,-++/* =+ )+ )@+ -/ *; + ( *+,-+,( + +, +,+-# )+ (-+ /+-+)(, =+ + +, / *+/@( +/+) )>-+/*+) (,( -,, ) -,?*) + ++-*(/*+ < + *+,-+,)*(# +) *+/?/) -(( / -,(,( =+ + -,,+)/(# )/ /+-+)( + -/*+/+, ),+ ( ,+>+,+/-( + )) -,?*).
51
8. LEGITIMACIÓN @ EFECTOS DEL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE E/ ,(:/ + >/(,)+ ( *+,-+,( + +, +,+- + ,+(-:/ +/ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( -/ ( )( =+ )+ *+/@( +/ + ,+(*+ + +/+) (>+-*() , (@/( +( -(*+(, (,( ( ++--:/# < )+@/ )+ +),+/+ + ) (,*-) 100 < 533 + CPC# ,+)*( =+ ): *+/, L+@*(-:/ (-*;( + **(, + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ < ( +@*(-:/ ();( *(/* + +(/(/*+ - + +(/( + ,-+) +/ =+ )+ )) < *,( ( +( -(*+(, (,( ( ++--:/ =+ /+ +/ +@, + (@ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + *+,-+,)*(. E/ + (,*- 537 C:@ P,-+)( C; )+ +)*(+-+ (*( ( *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ?)*( ,-+ + )@+/*+ +>+-* (J S)+/+, + (@ ( (-,++, ()*( =+ )+ +-( +/ +>/*;( ),+ ( ,+>+,+/-(# )(; =+ + *+,-+,)*( *,@+ @(,(/*( )>-+/*+ -,*+, + !+ (,( ,+)/+, , + -(*(# /*+,+)+)# -)*()# -)*) < *(). J E *+,-+,)*( ++ /*+,;+/, +/ () (-*(-/+) ,+(-/(() -/ + ,+(*+ + +/.
EDUARDO PALLARES ()+;+,( =+ ( *+,-+,( + ,+>+,+/-( ,-+ + +>+-* + ))+/+, + (@ + () -(/*(+) *+/() , + ,+(*+ + ) +/+) , *, -/-+*# +/ + - ,/-(# ()*( =+ )+ +-( ( *+,-+,(. E (,*- +/-/( ,+@( ) +>+-*) + ( *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+# )+/ +,*/+/*+ (-+, () )@+/*+) )+,;(-/+)
L( ():/ + ( +(/( + *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ))+/+ + ,-+) ,/-( =+ *;( + /- + ,-+) + *+,-+,( ): ( (,*, + +/* ,-+)( /+(*(+/*+ (/*+,, ( (@ ( (-,++,
52
+ ,+, *@. E) +-,# / ))+/+ + ,+(*+ - ) )-++ -/ ( *+,-+,( + ,+( )/ + (@ ( (-,++, -/ + ,-* + ?)*+# =+ =+(, ,+*+/.
D+-(,(( >/(( ( +(/( + *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+# -+)( ( ))+/):/ + (@ ( (-,++,# + ) =+ + )+, +/*,+@( ( ( *+,-+,)*( +/ =+ ,+)*( )>-+/*++/*+ (,( ( )(*)>(--:/ + )) -,?* + ,+(/+/*+ )+, )/)*,( ( ,+, + ) /,()J
R+-((( ( +(/( + *+,-+,( + (@# @(+/*+ -+)( ( ))+/):/ + (@ ( (-,++,# ,-+?/)+ ( (-+, +>+-*;.
L) +>+-*) + ( ()( + ( +(/( + *+,-+,( + (@ )/ )*/*) ( ) + ( *+,-+,( + ,+(. E +) /(*,(# +)* =+ +/ + -() + ( *+,-+,( + ,+(# ( )-:/ ( ( ++--:/ *+/+ , >/(( )(;(@(,(, + +,+- + ,+( ),+ ) +/+) (>+-*() +/*,() +/ + -() + ( *+,-+,( + (@# ( )-:/ ( ( ++--:/ *+/+ , >/(( +)*(+-+, ( ,+>+,+/-( + +,+- + -,?*# () () -)()# +) /(*,( =+ + +/* *+,( + ( ))+/):/ ;(,+ +/ -(( -(). E/ ( *+,-+,( + ,+( )+ ))+/+, + ,-+) (/*+) + ( ++--:/ + +/# +/*,() +/ ( *+,-+,( + (@# ( ))+/):/ )+ ,+((, +)?) + ,+(*+ + +/# +, +;*(/ + (@ ( (-,++, ()*( =+ )+ +-( ( ,+>+,+/-( +/ + -,?*. E)*( ,+@( *+/+ - +K-+-:/ =+ + *+,-+,)*( *,@+ @(,(/*( )>-+/*+ ( -,*+, + + (,( ,+)/+, , + -(*(# /*+,+)+)# -)*()# -)*) < *() + ,-+). S+ )+(( =+ +)*( )-:/ +) (),(# +) ) ( /,( =) +-, =+ -/ ( @(,(/*( + *+,-+,)*( )+ (, ,+, -, + ) -,?*# / )+ *;+ +/ -+/*( =+ +)*+ / ,( ))+/+, + ,-+) (,( (-+,)+ -, + -,?* )/ ()*( =+ ;+/( ( (-,++, < ) )+ +/*+/+ =+ ( @(,(/*( + *+,-+,)*( +;*( ( ))+/):/ + ( ++--:/# )+ *+/+ /( )-:/ +)-(+(( +) )*(+/*+ +) /*+,?) + *+,-+,)*( -/*,(,# +) +-,# =+ )+ ))+/( (,( =+ / )+ (@+ ( (-,++,. E/ * -()# =+/ ,(
53
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
+ ,+(*+# )/ + (@ -/ + ,-* + ( )()*(. E (/-
++-*(/*+ ++ (/(, + ,+- + ( (-(-:/ -/>,+ )+ ,+/: +/ + (-* ) + ,+(*+. L) +>+-*) + ()( + ( +(/( + *+,-+,( + (@ )/ )*/*) ( ) + ( + ,+(# ( )-:/ ( ( ++--:/ *+/+ , >/(( )(;(@(,(, ) +,+-) + ,+( ),+ ) +/+) (>+-*().
54
E/ ( *+,-+,( + (@ ,+>+,+/*+ ( ))+/):/ )+ ,+((, +)?) + ,+(*+ + +/ +, +;*(/ + (@ ( (-,++, ()*( =+ )+ +-( ( ,+>+,+/-( +/ + -,?*. E)*( ,+@( *+/+ - +K-+-:/ =+ + *+,-+,)*( *,@+ @(,(/*( )>-+/*+ ( -,*+, + + (,( ,+)/+, , + -(*(# /*+,?) -)*()# -)*) < *() + ,-+)# )+ )+(( =+ +)*( )-:/ +) (),( +) ) ( /,( =) +-, =+ -/ ( @(,(/*( + *+,-+,)*( )+ (, ,+, -, + ) -,?*# / )+ *; +/ -+/*( =+ +)*+ / ,( ))+/+, + ,-+) (,( (-+,)+ -, + -,?* )/ ()*( =+ ;+/( + (-,++, < ) )+ +/*+/+ =+ ( @(,(/*( + *+,-+,)*( +;*( ( ))+/):/ + ( ++--:/# *+/+ /( )-:/ +)-(+(( +) )*(+/*+ +) /*+,?) + *+,-+,)*( -/*,(,# +) +-, =+ )+ ))+/+ (,( =+ / )+ (@+ ( (-,++,.
55
.
IMPROCEDENCIA DE LA RECONENCIÓN EN EL PROCESO DE TERCERÍA ; CONNIENCIA @ MALICIA EN LA TERCERIA
.1.
I+p&"'ede'$% de l% Re'"#e'$/
P, ))-:/ + (,*- 490 + CÓDIGO PROCESAL CI&IL =+ ,+*+ +/*,+ *,) ( /-) 5 + (,*- 486 + ) -+, +@(# +) ,-++/*+ ( ,+-/;+/-:/ +/ + ,-+) (,+;( + *+,-+,(.
.2. C"$#e'$% 3 M%l$'$% e l% Te&'e&)% P++ )-++, =+ ( *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + ,+(-:/ )+( *(, - /( >,( + (*(, + ,-+)# >,)*,(/ () +K+-*(*;() + ++-*(/*+ , =+ + -,(,)+ ( -//;+/-( (-(# + + ++ + (-*(, +/ -( -/-*( -*(. C/>,+ ( =+ ,+)-,+ + /+,( 538 + CPC# ) )+ ,+( =+ +/*,+ + *+,-+,)*( < + +(/ =+ ( )>, ( +( -(*+(, +K)*+ -//;+/-(# )+ /, ( () < ( )) (@() )(,(+/*+# /( *( / +/, + 5 / (<, + 20 URP# )+ )/, () ) =+ )(,(+/*+ /+/-+/ ) () < +,-) -()()# )+ +) -/+/(, ( (@ + -)*() < -)*)# (+) )+ ,+*,/ -() -+,*>-(() + (-*( ( M/)*+, P- (,( =+ ++,-*+ ( (--:/ +/( -,,+)/+/*+. P(,( ENRI?UE FALCON ++ )+, =+ ( *+,-+,( )+ )+ - / + + (*(, + ,-+) + *+/+, +@*+/+ + +/ , + *+,-+,)*(# ,+-+,/ +/ ,+(( (,( + ++-*(# >,)*,(/ () +K+-*(*;() + ++-*(/*+. C(/ ,+)*(,+ ,(( ( -//;+/-( + *+,-+,)*( -/ + +(,@(# + + ,+/(,( )/ ) *,*+ ( ,+):/ + ) (/*+-++/*+) ( ( )*-(
56
+/( + /, ( *+,-+,)*(# ) ,>+)/(+) =+ (<(/ ,+,+)+/*( (*,-/(# ( ()# () )(/-/+) )-/(,() =+ -,,+)/+/. A) ) , )/+, ( +*+/-:/ + *+,-+,)*( ()*( + +/* +/ =+ -+/-+ ( (-*(, + + + /)*,--:/...
57
.
SUSPENSIÓN DE MEDIDA CAUTELAR SIN TERCERÍA
N )+,+ +) /+-+)(,( ( +--:/ + /( *+,-+,( + / (,( *+/+, + +;(/*(+/* + / +,(@ +) -(/ ( ,+( + /++ ( )+):/ + ( -)( ++ ++ )*>-(,)+ +/ >,( >+(-+/*+# )/ /+-+)( + ))*(/-(-:/ + ,+(# + + ++ )/+, + /+(* (/ -/*,( ( ;/*( + +(,@(/*+.
LINO PALACIO# (-+,-( + +;(/*(+/* + ( +( -(*+(, )/ *+,-+,(# +/)+( )@+/*+ C/ (/*+,,(# ( ,),+/-( )+ (( +- -(,@ + ( /)*-( =+ ,+,+)+/*((#
(,(
=+/
+)*;+)+
+/
-/-/+)
+
(-,+*(,
>+(-+/*++/*+ )+ +,+- + / ),+ +/+) +,(@() - + +,*+/+/-( + ,+)/* +,# ( /+-+)( + /*+,/+, /( ,+*+/):/ + *+,-+,( < + ,)+@, ( ))*(/-(-:/ + * / ,-+). D+ ( =+ /+,)) ,+-++/*+) -(+) )+ ,//-(,/ +/ + )+/* + =+# +/ *(+) -,-/)*(/-()# ,+)*( ()+ + + + +;(/*(+/* + +,(@ )/ ,;+, *+,-+,(. E -( +( ,+);+,)+ ,+;( (+/-( + +(,@(/*+.
OBANDO BLANCO (,*- 539 + CPC +)*(+-+ =+ + +,-( , /( +( -(*+(, -*(( +/ ,-+) +/ + =+ / +) (,*+# ++ +, ) ))+/):/ )/ /*+,/+, *+,-+,). A/+K(/ ** + ,+( ,+@)*,(. E/ -/)+-+/-(# )+ +/-+/*,( ,+)+,;( +)*( )-* -/*,( () +() -(*+(,+) *,@(() ),+ +/+) ))-+*+) + ,+@)*,. L( /,( ,-+)( -*(( -/*+( / +-(/) (-/( (,( +;*(, ) +>+-*) + ( +( ++-*(( ),+ + +/ + *+,-+,. EK)*+ / +;+/*+ +,,, + +@)(, ( ((, ))+/):/ + ( +( -(*+(, )/ *+,-+,(# , -(/* ( ))+/):/ +) (@ *+,(# )+/ ) +>+-* + +;(/*(+/* + ( +( -(*+(, -*((.
58
L( /-( ;+/*(( -(,( =+ >,+-+ + +;(/*(+/* >,+/*+ ( ( +)(>+-*(-:/ +) =+ +/ + ,+, -() + (* =+ ,+)+;+ +) ,,+-,,+. D+ -*( *+K* +@( =+ ,+@( ( :*+)) + ( +( -(*+(, )/ (/*+(, *+,-+,( +/ -() + (-,+*(,)+ ( ,+( + +/ (>+-*( -/ + ,+)+-*; ** /-( ,+@)*,(# )+ ++ (,+-(, )@+/*+
S: ,-++ ( ))+/):/ + +( -(*+(, )/ *+,-+,( *,(*/)+ + ( (>+-*(-:/ + +/+) ,+@)*,()# (=+) +/+) =+ / *+/@(/ +)*( -(( )+,/ +* + ,-+) + *+,-+,( + ,+(.
L( +-):/ + + ))+/+/ ( +( -(*+(, +/ (*+/-:/ ( ** + +,-( -/ +( / +) (*+,( + @/(-:/ / , + +(/(/*+ =+ ( +*-/: / , + +(/(.
L( ,+)-:/ -( =+ +)+)*( + + + ))+/):/ + ( +( -(*+(, )/ *+,-+,( / +) +>/*;( (,( ) /*+,+)+) + +,-( -/ +(# +) )+ + >(-*( ( >,(, ) ,+*+/):/ +/ ;( + (--:/ ( *,(;?) + ,-+) + *+,-+,( + ,+(.
L( ,+)-:/ =+ ,+-(@( +/ + /-+/*+ ) +) (+(+ +/ + -() =+ )+ )/@( + +;(/*(+/* + +(,@# + -( )+ />+,+ =+ + ,+-,) ) )+ ++ )+, +;+/*(+/*+ +- , + +(,@(/*+. E/ + -() =+ + + +/+@(,( + +# + /*+,+)( ++ +-, ,+-*(+/*+ ( *+,-+,( + / E) ,*(/*+ *+/+, +/ -+/*(# (+) )+(( + (,*- 624B + -:@ ,-+)( -;# ,+>+, ( ( ,+)/)(( , (>+-*(-:/ + +/ + *+,-+, -/>,+ ( -( C(/ )+ (-,+*+ >+(-+/*++/*+ =+ + +/ (>+-*( -/ ( +( +,*+/+-+ (+,)/( )*/*( + +(/(# + + ,+/(,( ) +)(>+-*(-:/
59
/+(*(# /-) ) ( +( / )+ +)+ >,((. E +*-/(,*+ (@(,( () -)*() < -)*) + ,-+) -(*+(, +/ (*+/-:/ ( () -,-/)*(/-() +,+, ( -/*,(-(*+( ( >(;, + ,+*(, S )+ (-,+*( ( (( >+ + +*-/(,*+# )+ + /, /( *( / (<, + *,+/*( /(+) + ,+>+,+/-( ,-+)(# >-/)+ ( /)*+, - (,( ) +>+-*) + ,-+) +/( ( =+ +,+ @(,. A =+ -/-+,/+ ( ( +,( + ( -/*,(-(*+(# , ( (>+-*(-:/ /+( + +/+) +,*+/+-+/*+) ( *+,-+,)# + +)* +/ >/-:/ + ) () < +,-) +>+-*;(+/*+ )>,)
, -/)@+/*+# =+ >,+-+ ( -/*,(
-(*+( /-(+/*+ +,+, ( >(;, + ,+*(, =+ ,+)*+ )>-+/*+ (,( + (@ + ( /+/(-:/ ( +)*+.
60
CAPITULO III:
PROCESO DE TERCERIA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE
61
1.
TERCERÍAS PREFERENTES
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
,-+) < =+ ( ( ;+ +) @(# +) +-,# / *+/, , >/(( =+ )+ +*+,/+ + +, +,+- + ,+( >,+/*+ ( +, **(,# )/ =+ +/ ;,* ( / ** + ,+( + >+-( -+,*( ,+@)*,( )+ + ,+-/-( ( -(( + ,+*(, < )+ +)(>+-*+ + +/# +/ + >/ / +) (*+,( -/*,;+,*( +*+,/(, =?/ +) + ,+*(,# ) + +, + *+,-+,# )/ )++/*+ (-+, /( )+,( -(>-(-:/ + ** < *,@(,+ -,+( , ) ((,+/-( ) -+ -/ () +K@+/-() >,(+) + +<. D)-*, + +, +,+- + ,+( +) -/*,;+,)( + >/# =+ ++ -(,)+ +/ ,-+) /++/+/*+# () *(?/ ( =+( +)-(,+- +/ ) (/*+-++/*+) -()(*,)...J ++ +(,)+ +)*(+- =+ / +) +/ +)*+ ,-+) +/ =+ ++ -(,)+ + +, +,+- + ,+( + / +/ +/ *@# , -(/* ( >/(( + ( *+,-+,( +) ( +)(>+-*(-:/ + / +/ , =+/ (-,+*+ )+, ) ,+*(, ...J41J. A/=+ R,@+ G(,-?) -+ =+ ( *+,-+,( + / *+/+ / *,+ +*; (J ,+-/-+, + +,+- + / + *+,-+,)*( ),+ ) +/+) +(,@() J )+ (-+ + +(,@ =+ +)/( + +,+- + ,+( + +)*+ *+,-+, < -J )+ + +/*,+@+/ ) +/+) (*+,( + ( *+,-+,( -(/ ( -/)+-+/-( + +(,@ ( ) ,;( + ( *+/+/-(# ) < @-+ + +)42J. E +,+- + ,+( ++ )+, (-,+*( -/ -(=+, + + ,+(# ()*( -/ ( )+ +-(,(-:/ + () (,*+)# +)* +/ (,/( -/ + *+/, + (,*. 949 + C.C. 43J# -/>,+ ( -( ( )( @(-:/ + *,(/)>+,, + +/ -/;+,*+ ( (-,++, +/ ,+*(,# / ,+=+,+ >,(( (@/(. 41J C()(-:/ NB 144898. S(( 3# C,*+ S,+( + !)*-(. 42J RODRÍGUE GARCES# S+,@. T,(*( + () T+,-+,(). 1967 T I 2(. E-:/# L,*+- L*(.# C+ @. 263. 43J A,*. 949 C.C. L( )( @(-:/ + +/(+/(, / /++ +*+,/( (-+ ( (-,++, ,+*(, + ?# )(; ))-:/ +@( >+,+/*+ (-* +/ -/*,(,. L( @(-:/ ( =+ (-+ ,+>+,+/-( ( +< @(,( (,/( -/ + (,*. 1352 + ) C:@# +) +-,# =+ ) -/*,(*) )+ +,>+--/(/ , + -/)+/*+/* + () (,*+)# )(; =+ )+ *,(*+ + ( /+-+)( + -, -/ (@/( >,(( ( )(/-:/ + /(.
63
S/ ,*(,/) , (,( - +) + (-(/-+ + +)*+ ))*;# (,( ( )-* + +)(>+-*(-:/ , *,(*(,)+ + / +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ()*(, (-,+*(, =+ + +,+- + ,+( /;-( ,+;(+-+ ),+ + + (>+-*( -/ ( +( -(*+(,# +, (,( + -() +/ -/-,+* / )+, )>-+/*+ + +, -/)+/*+/*# +) /+-+)(, ( -/-,,+/-( + >(-*, ( ,(*/+# +)* +)# + / -+/* - ,;( + >+-( -+,*( ) *(;(# +/ + -() + ( )-* + +)(>+-*(-:/ +/*, + ) ,-+)# )/ /+-+)( + )+, (,*+# ++ (-,+*(,)+ /+-+)(,(+/*+ + +,+- + ,+( -/ ** ,+@)*,(# + -/*,(, + /;-( +,+- ++, )-*,)+ +/ / ,-+) + *+,-+,(. S+ *,(*( +) + ++,-- ,+@(, + / +,+-# )+ +>+/+ < ,+)-(*( @+//(+/*+ ,. S/*+*(/# +/*/-+)# (,( -/)+@, ( +)(>+-*(-:/ + / +,+- *+/+) ) (*+,/(*;()# )+ *( , +)(>+-*(, +/*, + ) ,-+) ) +/+) +(,@()# + -/>,( -/ + (,*. 539 + C.P.C.44J# (-,+*(/ + +,+- -/ ** ,+@)*,(# , /*+,/+, /( +(/( + *+,-+,( ,+>+,+/*+ + ,+(45J. C <( +) +( (-(,(# ( +(/( + *+,-+,( / +)* )+*( ( ( -/-:/ + (+,)+ ,+;(+/*+ (/*+( ( ,+*+/):/ ,+;)*( +/ + (,*. 539 + C:@ A+*;# ++ ,+)+/*(,)+ ,+-*(+/*+# )/ /+-+)( + ,+-,,, ( ( *,( -:/. S(, ( +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + ,+( +) + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@# ): =+ +/ +)*+ * -() + +>+-* / +) ,+-+,(, +)(>+-*(, / +,+- )/ (-+,)+ (@ -/ + >,* + ( ++--:/ + / +/# +) +-,# )+ )-( + ,+(*+ + +/ (,( =+ )+ + -(/-++ +/ >,( ,+>+,+/*+ ( *+,-+,)*(. 44J A,*. 539 C.P.C.# E +,-( , /( +( -(*+(, -*(( +/ ,-+) +/ =+ / +) (,*+# ++ +, ) ))+/):/ )/ /*+,/+, *+,-+,(# (/+K(/ ** + ,+( ,+@)*,(. D+ + )+ -,,+ *,()( ( () (,*+). S )+ ))+/+ + +(# ( ,+)-:/ +) ,,+-,,+. E/ -() -/*,(,# + /*+,+)( ++ /*+,/+, *+,-+,(# + (-+, ( (,*- 533. 45J A,*. 533 C.P.C. L( *+,-+,( )+ +/*+/+ -/ + +(/(/*+ < + +(/(# < ) ++ >/(,)+ +/ ( ,+( + ) +/+) (>+-*() , +( -(*+(, (,( ( ++--:/ +/ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( -/ + ,+- + *(+) +/+). 64
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
65
E) ; =+ )/ /)*,+/*) + >+-( -+,*(# +/ ((,+/-(# +, @,(;+ +) =+ -/ >,+-+/-( /) +/-/*,() -/ -+/*) (/>+)*(+/*+ >,(@()# < + +- -/)**<+ (<, @,(;+( ) -/)+,() =+ + / )+ ,( (, ) / )+ -/*(,( -/ ( (,*-(-:/ + (@/) () >/-/(,)# - N*(,) !+-+) + P(# =+ )+ ,+)*(/ (,( +)*() (,*(() *,@(/ ) -+/*) -/ () >,((+) ,+=+,(). C/ +)) /)*,+/*) >,(@() + *+,-+,)*( @,( ),,+/+, ( !+# =+ @+/+,(+/*+ ,+>+,+ ( >,(( (/ -(/ + ()(*+ ( ,+):/ + =+ )+ *,(*( + /( (,*-(-:/ ;+)*( + (-( < *++,( ,-+)(. E !+ *( , +)(>+-*(, + +/ -/ ): / -+/* >,(# ,+)*/+ ;(, ( / +*(+ >/(+/*(# +)* +)# =+ + +,+- +)*? / /)-,* +/ R+@)*,) P-)# /;-( ( +,+- -/ < -/ + ( (,*. 949 + C:@ C;# /+ ,,( ( -/*,(* + -,(;+/*( +,+- + ,+(J ),+ + +(,@ /)-,*# , + /- < )+,>-( ))*+/* + =+ - -/*,(* +) + >+-( -+,*( < (/*+,, ( ( ++--:/ + +(,@ 47J. E)*+ -,*+, +=;-(# - ;+,+) +@# (*+/*( -/*,( ( )+@,( ,-(# //@/( +,)/( ++ *+/+, ( -+,*+( + =+ ( ,+@)*,(( + )) +,+-) + (/ )>-+/*+ @(,(/*(# + ( ( /+-+)( + *(, , *,) -,*+,) -()>-(*,) +/ /+)*, ))*+( ,- < -/ /( /-( < -(,( >:,( + ,,(. L( (@V+( + (( +,+- -/ -(,+-+ + *( ,-*-( (,( ( )-:/ + +)*+ * + -/>-*)# +/ ;+ + -/)**, /( (+-(( (*+,/(*;( + )-:/ + -/*,;+,)() )+ ( -/;+,* +/ / /)*,+/* @+/+,(, + /-+,*,+). A@ )(, -,,+ -/ () *+,-+,() + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ *+,-+,() ,+>+,+/*+) + (@. E/ +)*+ -()# ()() +/ =+ ( 47J L( ,+)-:/ -()(*,( NB 164997# ( ,+)+-* ,+( () E/ -() + +,+-) + )*/*( /(*,(+(# ++ (-(,)+ () ))-/+) + +,+- -/# +)* +) ( ,+>+,+/-( )+ +*+,/( ): , ( -+,*+( < ( >+-( +/ =+ -/)**<+,/ ) +,+-) )/ ,+>+,+/-( ( ( >+-( + /)-,-:/ ,+@)*,(. E P+,(/# 10121998# @. 2206J.
66
C/)**-:/ P*-( + E)*( *,@( ,+>+,+/-( ( ) +,+-) )-(+) + ) *,(((,+) >,+/*+ ( -(=+, *,( @(-:/ + ++(,# )+*) -(,+/*+) + ;(,+) ,+-,,+/ ( ) >+,) + *,(( +(/(/ (@ + +/+>-) )-(+)# + ,+/+,(-/+) -(=+, *, -/-+* (,(# )*(+/*+ -/*,( + ,+*(, + +/ =+ ( ) +* + +(,@ + /-) +/ -()) + *+-(). S+ -/)*(*( -/ >,+-+/-( =+ /@,+)(( ( +(/( + (//-( *+,-+,)*( +/ )++ (,(# /( ;+ /*>-(( ( )+)* ++(,# ?)*+ -/*+)*( , @+/+,( ((//)+ ( ( ,+*+/):/# < ) + / -,,+ () (,*+) *(/ , -/-(, , *,(/)@, +/ ( ,+,( ,*/( =+ +) +,*( + ,-+)# + >,( *( =+ + *,*+ ,( -(/ ) /) *,+) +)+)# ( >+,+/-( + ,-+) + @(-:/ + (, + ++--:/ + @(,(/*() =+ *(,( +/*,+ / ( ) ()# < ) () *+,-+,() ) (*(-(/ -(/ +)*/ -/-<+/ ) ,-+)) /+ )+ ( +(,@( + +/ +) +* + ++--:/# *+/+) =+ (-/(, / ) () ) + *,*+ + ,-+) + *+,-+,(. T / (,@ < (@*(, *,(/(, (,( + (-,++, < -/ + ,(+ ,+)@ + +,+, + +/. E) @+/+,((( ( )-:/ + :,@(/ ,)--/( +/ ) -()) + () *+,-+,() + ) *,(((,+) + *,@(,+ ( ,+>+,+/-( + (@ )/ (<, (/)) + ) (-(/-+) + ( +-):/ ,)--/( + ( )++ (,( < (() + / (/)) / + ?,* + ) +-) (,+-() +/ ( )+/*+/-( =+ ,+-/-+ ) +,+-) )-(+) )/ + ) ()+-*) >,(+)# )+ ( +@( /-) ( +K*,+ + (,+ ,+>+,+/-( + (@ ( *,(((,+) =+ ): ,+)+/*(/ / (-*( + -/-(-:/ +/ ( -( )+ + ,+-/-+ ) +,+- 48J# )/ =+ )+ (<( (-,+*( =+ (=? ( ,+=+, + (@ ( ) ++(, < +/) =+ (<( ,-+ ( ( ++--:/ >,(( (/*+ ( /+@(*;( 48J C,+ =+ / (< )-):/ +/ (*, =+ +/ ( @,(/ (<,( + ) -()) /+ + ,-+) (,( *+,/( , /( >,( +)+-( + -/-):/ + ,-+)# )+( , *,(/)(--:/# ((/(+/* -/-(-:/# +) (*(+/*+ ,(+ =+ )+ *,(*( + / ,-+) )(# /+ +/ ,+(( / +K)*+ +( )-( +/+/*+ + -+/* , (,*+ + ++(,# )/ =+ )+ +)* (-+/ ( ) + ( +< (,( ,(, @(-/+). P+, (/# / ): )+ /;+/*( ( +K)*+/-( + /( @(-:/ +/+/*+ + (@# )/ =+ )+ /;-( /( ,+(-:/ (,( =+ //-( +K)*:.
67
+ (@ +(,@(/ ) +/+) + ++(,# =+ (,( + -() )+,(/ ) )) =+ +)*/ )+/ +* + ++--:/ +/ )++ -;. T / -() < -(,+/*+ + :@-(. S) + /:/ =+ ( *+,-+,( ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ ,+(*;( ( *,(((,+) / +) ,-++/*+ ) / )+ ( ,+=+, ,+;(+/*+ + (@ ( ++(, < (/*+ ( /+@(*;( + -+/* / )+ ( ++-*( +(,@ ),+ + ) +/ +* + ++--:/ +/ + ,-+) -;. P, :@-( +++/*(# / +) ,-++/*+ (,+ ,,( + (@ ),+ / +/ ( (@+/ =+ / *+/+ +,+- + (>+-*(-:/ ),+ + ) +/. L( ,+>+,+/-( + (@# , ++# +/ + -() + =+ ,+)+-* + / ) +/ )+ (<(/ -/)** ) *+-() +)* +/ >/-:/ ( ,+/ + ,+(-:/# +, ( -(,(-*+,)*-( >/(+/*( ,(-( +/ =+ (() -(,@() *+-(,() (>+-*(/ ( ) +/ +* + ++--:/# ( (,*, + ( ,+-?/ )+ ++ ((, + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ,+/ ,+>+,+/-( )+/ ()# +/*/-+) / +K)*+ ,(:/ ;( (,( =+ +/ + -() + () *+,-+,() ,+>+,+/*+) + ) *,(((,+) )+ +K( + +)*+ ,+)+)* /)+/)(+ ) =+,+) :@-( < -+,+/-( +/ ( (-(-:/ + +,+- +) +-,# / ++ ((,(,)+ +)*() *+,-+,() ) + *,(((, / ( (>+-*( -/ +(,@ +/ >,( + /)-,-:/ ( ) +/. C(+, +/ @+/+,((-/+) +) +@,) +/ (*+,( ,-(# / ()*( /( )+/*+/-( =+ ,+-/-( +,+-) (,(+) ( / *,(((, (,( (,+ ,+>+,+/-( >,+/*+ ( ( ++--:/ + -(=+, +/# ( ,+>+,+/-( )+ -(>-( +/ >/-:/ ( / +/ < +,+- +*+,/( < / ( (*,/ + ++(, +/ @+/+,( +/ ()*,(-*# + ( ( /+-+)( + =+ ,+;(+/*+ + +,+- (,( +-(,( +)*? ()+@,( -/ /( +( -(*+(, ),+ + ) +/ + ++(, =+ + ;+/+/ ++-*(/ +/ / ,-+) +/ )++ -;# *( ()+@,(+/* + +,+- + *,(((, ;(+/*+ ++ )+, /-) )*+,, ( =+ )+ /+# +) , ( /(*,(+( + +,+- ( ,+(-:/ +( + )+, + ,+>+,+/*+ >/(+/*( (,( +*+,/(, ( ,+>+,+/-( +/ +)*) -()).
68
T+( ((,*+ -/)**<+ + -() + ( ,+>+,+/-( + ) +,+-) (,(+) ),+ () *+-() +(+/*+ -/)**(). U/ (-,++, @+/*+ )-(, ()+@,(, ) -,?* +(/*+ () +,+) (*+,/(*;() =+ + ( ( +<# /( *+-( -/)**( ?)*( ++,( *+/+, ( *,(/=( + -()# ( )+@,( + =+ ) -(*( )+ +/-+/*,( ()+@,(. P+, / )+,+ +) ()# -/-+) ) + / -() /+ / (-,++, *+-(, )+ ( =+( -/ ( *+-( < ((,+/*+ )+@,( +/ ( (/ )/ (+, ,+- / -?/* + -( ;+/*( +/ )()*(J# * , -(/* + ( /-+ ( ( ((/( ((,+-: / *+,-+, =+ )+, *,(((, + ,+*(, + +/ =+ )+ +)* ,+(*(/ < =+ - *( *+/( ,+>+,+/-(. U/ -() )# /+ ( /)+@,( ,-( ,+/(. A/ -(/ ++) (*, =+ ) +,+-) (,(+) ++/ *+/+, ,+>+,+/-(# + :,@(/ ,)--/( / ++ ,+);+, -/ @+,+( +)*) -())# ) )+,;( =+ +K)*+/ /-) + )(-:/ >()+( +/ + +,+- (,( /;-( +)* +/ ( @(-:/ + /;+)*@(, < +)-(,*(, *( (. H((, + /( *+-( +) ((, + @(,(/*( < )+@,(# (-,+ ( + + !+ +)* +/ ( @(-:/ + ))*+/+, -/ ) (-*(, *( @(,(/*(# ( ,+>+,+/-( ): )+ (*, -(/ + +,+- (,( )+( /)-*+# + -/*,(, ++ /+,)+ , (/*+/+, ;@+/*+ ( *+-( < (@(, -/ + >,* + ( )()*( ( (-,++, *+-(,. T) +)*) ,+() )+ ,+)+/*(/ -/ >,+-+/-(# () *+,-+,() )+ (/ -/;+,* + / +,+- ( / + + +):/ + @(-/+) -/ + (;( + !+# -/ < -() +K-+-/+).
69
2.
DERECHOS REALES @ DERECHOS PERSONALES PERSONALES
S/ () =+ /( + () ,(/+) (,( ( +K)*+/-( + () ,+-)/+) < (;(+/-() +/ ) >() ,)--/(+) ,+)+-* ( *+( + () *+,-+,() ,+>+,+/*+ ,+>+,+/*+)# )# +) ( >,( -: )+ ( -/-+ -/-+ ( ) +,+-) +,+-) ))*(/*; ))*(/*;)) +/ /+)*, /+)*, ))*+( ,-# () - ( -,*+, -,*+, +/-()( +/-()( + ( -()>-(-()>-(-:/ :/ + ) +/+). T( -()>-(-:/ -( / /*+/* + ,+/(, -+,*() -(*+@,() -(=+,( )+( + -( (*+,( + +)*# >/(+/*(+/*+ -/ ( >/(( + (,+ (<, >+ < -*-( ( (/+ + *+(# )/ +(,@# *( ,+/ < >+ +/ D+,+- / +) + * )((+# /( -()>-(-:/ -+,,(( /) +/-()( / ): +/ -/-+*) -() ;+-+) +,,() )/ =+ ()*( +)/(*,(( () /)**-/+)# -/;,*?/)+ +/ / ,+/ (,*,(, /* + //+-+)(, +/ ( ,-*-(. S/ +(,@# ;(+ (*, =+ () -()>-(-/+) / )/ + * /+@(*;()# +, )+,+ =+ / /@(/ / (* + (,*,(,+(. S (/(() /+)*, ))*+( ,- -; (*,/( +/-/*,() =+ *( ;+ ( -()>-(-:/ =+ (,-( ( ()+ >/(+/*( )+( ( =+ )*/@+ ( ) +,+-) ,+(+) + ) +,+-) +,)/(+). E)*+ ,+/(+/* =+ )+ ;+/+ (,,()*,(/ ( *,(;?) + -() ?-(()# )+ ( -/;+,* +/ /( +)+-+ + *# /( >--:/ (+@:,-(# -/ ((,+/-( + ;(+ < *(# / @(. E/ ) +(*+) (,( ( (-:/ + C:@ C; ;@+/*+ )+ ,)+,/ -() ,*(/*+)# ++, >/(+/*+ )+ ) + -,*+, *,(-/(. P+, ( =? ,+(+/*+ ++-+ +)*( -()>-(-:/# *+/+ ))*+/* *+:,- ,-*-W. E/ ,+(( / +/-/*,() /( +K-(-:/ ;(++,(. P, =? *(, , ((,+ ( ( *+-( / +,+- ,+( < ( * / +,)/(# ) (/ ) + *(/*+ *+/+ @(,(/*( ) +,+- -,+*- -/ /( +( -(*+(, /)-,*(# )*(-:/ ,-( =+ +/ -) -()) )+ + ,+)*( ,+>+,+/-( (/ -(/ , + *+ < (-,+ ( -+,*) ,/-) ,-) +) / +,+- ,+>+,+/*+. S(+) =+ +/ + D+,+- R(/ )+ (: + ( (-* / ,+
70
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ÍE PICAO# L). F/(+/*) + D+,+- C;. E*. T+-/) S.A. M(,. 1983. 2(. E-. &. I# @. 36.
71
+/):/ ( *) ) +,+-) ,+(+) +K)*+/ +,+-) ,+(+) *()# - + )>,-*# + )# ( )+,;,+# +*-. =+ >+,+/ +/ -(/* ( ) -/*+/# ?)*) ): *+/+/ / )+, (,-(# - ))*+/+ C++/*+ + D+@# / )/ ) =+ >@,() ;(,(() =+ ),@+/ < )+ (/ +/ + )+/ + ( ,+(50J. P+,# )+, + +,+- + ,+( ,+(+/*+ ()*W# -/)+,() =+ *( *(-. . E) =+ (=+ =+ =+ =+ +) () )* * / *+ *+/+ *+ *+)# )# / *+/ *+/+ + ,+)*,--/+)# < + +,+- + ,+( ) +/ +;( -* + +,+- + )(, )(,## )> )>, ,*( *(,# ,# +,) +,)+@ +@ ,, < ) )/ /+, +,## +*-# +*-# *(+ *(+)) +,+ +,+- -) ) (*, (*, * *)) )+ +/-+/*,(/ *() , +<# + E)*( )+ ,+)+,;( + +,+- / ): + *(, )/ /-) + ,;(, + +,+- + ,+(# ) / ()*( ,+*,/) ( ( >@,( + ( +K,(-:/ , ,(/+) + )+@,( /(-/( /+-+)( -(51J. L ,+-)( /) +;( ( -/-, =+ ) +,+-) ,+(+) / )/ + * ()*)# - ( +/*+/ ( -*,/( -)-(# / +/ + -(( )+/* < (-(/-+ + *?,/# -/-,,+/ -) (*,*) ( ) +/*,/ ( >+,+/-( + ) +,+-) +,)/(+)# +, +) ): )/ -(,(-*+,)*-() =+ ) *>-(/ - - *(+)# *(+)# () / ) -/;+, -/;+,*+/ *+/ +/ )+, )+,,+) ,+).. L( +// +//(- (-:/ :/ - +,+-) ,+(+) ( ( ,+(# ( ( )+,;,+# ( )>,-*# +*-. ( ( ( )++/*+ + +@)(,# +) /( -+)*:/ + ;/*( +@)(*;( < -(-:/# )+ ( (*( / -,*+, -()>-(*, )/ (<,+) ,+>+,+/*+) ):). 50J DIEGO# F++ C++/*+ +. I/)**-/+) + D+,+- C; E)(. T. I.# M(,. E*,( T+-/). T+-/). 3,(. E-.# @. 364. 51J A,*. 70 + ( C/)**-:/ P*-( + E)*(. E +,+- + ,+( +) /;(+. E E)*( @(,(/*(. S+ ++,-+ +/ (,/( -/ + +/ -/ < +/*, + ) *+) + ( +<. A /(+ ++ ,;(,)+ + ) ,+( )/# +K-);(+/*+# , -()( + )+@,( /(- /(-/ /( ( /+-+ /+-+) )( ( -(# (# +- +-(, (,( (( ( , , +< +<# < ,+; ,+; (@ (@ +/ +>++>+-**; ; + /+/(-:/ )*,+-(( =+ /-<( -+/)(-:/ , + +;+/*( +,-. H(< (--:/ (/*+ + P+, !-( (,( -/*+)*(, + ;(, + ( ,+( =+ + E)*( (<( )+(( +/ + ,-++/* +K,(*,.
72
P, ( +>/-:/ < (*,*) + ) +,+-) ,+(+)# (+)# + ( ()*+# =+ +) ;)* / +) + * -+,*(# + +, ,+-* + /+(* () - ( /( ,+)*(/ )+, )) (*,*) >/(+/*(+). S+/ ()# -: +K-(, +/*/-+) =+ + -/>,( -/ + (,*. 949 + C:@ C;# -/ ( )( @(-:/ + *,(/)>+,, + +/ (-+ ( (-,++, ,+*(, + ?# +) +-,# ()*( =+ +K)*( + -/)+/*+/* + () (,*+) +/ ( -++,(-:/ + -/*,(* + -,(;+/*( (,( =+ + -,(, )+ -/;+,*( +/ ,+*(, + +/# )/ /+-+)( + =+ +/*,+ +/ )+):/ / =+ /)-,( ) +,+- +/ R+@)*,) P-). S+/ ()# ,() ))*+/+, >/(+/*((+/*+ =+ +/ +)*+ -() +K)*+ / +, ,+-* ),+ + +/ (*,* >/(+/*( + ) +,+-) ,+(+)J ) (/# ++ + -,(, ( +)() -/-/+) (-+, ) + ) +,+- + )-:/ >,+/*+ ( *+,-+,). C,+ =+ +)*(,+) + (-+, +/ =+ / +) )+ ++,-+, / +, ,+-* < +K-); ),+ () -)() +/*,() / )+ ++,( ( )+):/# (/ - **(, ,+*(,# + +- + ,+*(, + / /++# +/*,() / @-+ + ( )+):/ / , ++,-+, + (*,* + )(, - *(- /*,-, +,() -/ +/( +,*(# + )>,-* ): )+, )+ ) ( )+):/ +(*( +) +@*(# -/)+/*(# + -/*,(, *(- )+, /( ,+((. L -,) < -/*,(-*, +) =+ )+@/ /+)*,() /,() /( +,)/( ++ -/;+,*,)+ +/ ,+*(,( + / +/ -/ ( )( @(-:/ + ;+/+, + +/(+/(, +/ ) >(;,# -/ + +, -/)+/*+/*# )/ /+-+)( + =+ )+ -( -/ ( @(-:/ + +/*,+@( + +/ =+ ++,( ,+@, (,( +/+) ++)# -(/ +/)J + ( /)-,-:/ + +,+- +/ + ,+@)*, -,,+)/+/*+. T( ;+ +)*( )-:/ *+:,-( )+( ;(# +, ++) *+/+, ( -(,( + =+ +)*) (-(/-+) ): ++/ (,)+ +/*,+ () (,*+)# / >,+/*+ ( *+,-+,). L) +,+-) ,+(+) @(/ + -+,*( ,+>+,+/-( , ) /( ( ) +,+-)
73
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
74
; ; +J +J ( / +/ +/ =+ =+ *+/ *+/+ + - - -(,( -(,(-* -*+, +,) )**-( ( ))* ))*(/ (/- -( ( ) +/, +/,+ + ;(# - +) + -() + /( (+,/(;+. A+) + ( +,,(( -/-+-:/ + -(, -(,-)(+/*+ ( (@/) +/+) +/*, + / ,, =+ (*+/*( ( ) /(*,(+(# -(+ ,+@/*(,)+# +)?) + *# =? *( *+/+ +)*( -()>-(-:/# +/ =? *,()-+/+ +/ () ,+(-/+) ,-() ((, + +/+) ++) + /++). C,+ =+ ( ) ): *+/,( /( *( -*-( +,(+/*+ *+:,-(J. C/ + *,(*(+/* ( ( ) +,+-) ,+(+)# + ()*+# + +, ,+-*# + +K-);(# +*-# ) +,+-) +,)/(+) )+ -/;+,*+/ +/ / ,, + +/, ,*(/-(# - ) +)*( -/-+-:/ ,+)/+,( ( +=, =+ )+,+ ++ ,(, +/ () ,+(-/+) ,-(). EK)*+ (-() (@/( )*>-(-:/ (,( (,+ *( *,(*(+/* ( ) +,+-) +,)/(+)W# //@/( =+ -/;+/( < =+ *,()-+/( *(. S) + ( / /: :/ / =+ =+ *(/* *(/* ) ) +,+ +,+- -) ) ,+( ,+(+) +) - - ) ) +,) +,)/ /( (+) +) ++ ++/ / *+/+ *+/+, , )(,+) (*,*) / ?/*-)J < -/ + + ) *,(* , ( +<# ( +/*( +/*( < -(-:/ =+ )+ +) ( +/ + C:@ / ++ +*+,/(, ) ,(-( + /) ),+ *,)# (,( +)* -(+ ,+-,,, ( *,) +-(/)) -/ )>-+/*+ ()+ ),+ + -( +)-(/)+. N *+/+) +) ( +/, ( =+ +)*( -()>-(-:/ +,,(( < ( @)(( ( -/*, ( @+/+,(, (@/) +(*+) )+,>) +/ + *+(. C(,*) C(,*) +/(+/*+ +/(+/*+ ( /:/ /:/ + D,. L) P(,, P(,, A.# ,+)+-* ,+)+-* ( -,*+, ,+/(/*+ ,+/(/*+ + ( -()>-(-:/ -()>-(-:/ + ) +/+)54J# +/+)54J# +) ++ ++ ,(, ( 54J 54J PIARR PIARRO O ARANG ARANGURE UREN# N# L). L). E D+,+- D+,+- C; C; P+,(/ P+,(/ P+,)+P+,)+-*; *;() () < P,+ P,+() () A-*(+)# 1993# @. 1516. E +@)(, -;)*( + >*, / ++,( ;(, ) (*) + ( ,+(( =+ + /-(/# , / (# =+ +/ () )-+(+) +,/() ) +/+) (() ++) (/ (=, / ;(, +-/:- -/)+,(+) -(,)# (,()# (+,/(;+)# (,-()# (--/+)# +=)# (=/(,()# +*-J <# , + *,# =+ ( ()+ + () ,+(-/+) ,-() )+ ()( +/ ) +-(/)) + -( + ) +,+-)# )+/ + ) ,*(/*+ + +) + ))*+( + /)-,-/+) ,+@)*,(+)# < , *(/*# + -,*+, >/(+/*( + -()>-(-:/ + ) +/+) ++ )+, ( ,+@)*,((.
75
,+@)*,((# =+ )/ ( +/ ( (-*(( +) =+ /) ( (<,+) @(,(/*() + -+,+/-( < + ,+/ :@- +/ /+)*, ))*+(# / *+/+ *( ,-*-( (/*+/+, /( -()>-(-:/ =+ /-) =+( ( -/-+-:/ -/ + () -)()# < +) =+ ( +< / ++ +)*(, +) + ( ,+(( )-( +,/(# )/ ,+)/+, ( +( < ,+/(,( -+,+/*++/*+# () >--/+) +@(+) ): ++/ (,)+ -(/ / =+( /( )-:/ ) ;(+# + +- =+ )/ /+-+)(,() +/ (@/) -()) - ( ,+)/-:/ + -/-+/* + ( +<# () - ( ,+)/-:/ + -/-+/* + -/*+/ + () /)-,-/+) ,+@)*,(+). E)*+ -,*+,# + + ( ,+@)*,((# /-) ++,( (*(,)+ (,( +)*(+-+, ( ,,( + ) +,+-)# )+/ + - ) ;(+# +)@//) + -/-+*) *,(-/(+) =+ (/ ) )+,() -/ + +;+/, + ) -() < (;(/-+) )-+-/:-).
76
(.
DERECHOS PREFERENTES
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
77
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
78
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
79
*+,+ *, / ,+. E) +-,# / )+@/ -,(, ++, )+, -/)+,( + /- ,+*(, , (+, /)-,* ) ** + -,(;+/*( +/ R+@)*,) P-)# +/*,() =+ + ,+, -,(, )+ *: ( =+(,)+ -/ ) -/*,(* +/ /*( +/ E)-,*,( P-(. E ,+, -,(, / )+, + ,+*(, + +/ (/ -(/ +)*;+,( +/ )+):/# +)* =+ , *,(*(,)+ + / +/ ,+@)*,( ,@+ + ,/- + ( -( ,+@)*,( < + + ( ,,( >,+/*+ ( ( )+):/. L( /( =+ ++ ,+@, (,( ( -,(;+/*( +) (-(+ ( + ) -(, ,/-)*( (,( -(=+, *, +,+-# )/ /*+,+)(, ) /(*,(+( ,+( +,)/(J. U/ +(,@ /)-,* ),+ / +/ =+ +/ + R+@)*, + P,+( I/++ -/)*( ( /,+ + +,# ),@+ +>-(-( < +) /+ >,+/*+ ( -(=+, *, +,+- =+ )+ /;=+ < =+ / -/)*+ +/ + R+@)*,# +/ +)*) -()) -(,+-+, + ,*(/-( ) + ** / /)-,* +) + >+-( -+,*( < (/*+,, ( ( /)-,-:/ + +,+- =+ )+ /+. R+)*( + (-(-:/ (,( + -() ) ,/-) + +@*(-:/# + +/( >+ < + ,+>+,+/-(# +) -(,# + / (# + -/*+/ + ( /)-,-:/ )+ ,+)+ -+,* <# + *, (# ( ,,( +/ + *+ + ( /)-,-:/ +*+,/( ( ,+>+,+/-( + ) +,+-). C/ +)*+ /- < -/*/+/*+ ,/- -/*,,() ( ( )+@,( ,-( ) ) !+-+) (-(,(/ +/ * -/>-* ,+(*; ( ( ,+>+,+/-( + +,+-). A)# )+ +;*(,( ( /;*(-:/ ( ( (-(# ( ( (( >+# ,=+ / ,+)*( )+, )/ (-( < (( >+ ( -/-*( + +, =+ )-( ( / *+,-+, (,( ;+/+,+ + +/ =+ ( ) +* + +(,@# +(, -/)*(/-( + >+-( -+,*( < (/*+,, ( ( +( -(*+(,# < @,(, ( +)(>+-*(-:/# /;-(/ ( /( + +,+- + *+,-+, , )+, ( ,+( / +,+- ,+( < + +(,@ / +,)/(. L( )-:/ =+ )+ ;+/+ (/ (*+/*( -/*,( ( )+@,( ,-( ( ,+@)*,(( ++ )+, + ,+>+,+/*+ >/(+/*( -(/ )+ (+ + /( + +,+-) < () +)-(,*(, ( (-(-:/ + )+@/ ,,(> +
80
(,*. 2022 + C.C. =+ *(/*) ,+() + /-+,*,+) +)* ))-*(/. R+)*( /)-*+# , (,(# =+ +) ) ;(+ < @(,(/*(+ < -/ + -/-) /( ;+ ) =+ + @,( + /( + () ,+(-/+) ,-() / ++/+ + ) -(-:/ < +//(-:/ +/ / ))*+( /,(*;# <( - +,+-) ,+(+) +,)/(+)# )/ , + -/*,(,# ++ /(-+, + ( *(-:/ + (@/) +-(/)) =+ +/ )+@,( < () *+/ + -( (/*+ ) +). E ,+@)*, +) + /)*,+/* + -( ) +,>+-*# +,*+ ( ( @+/+,(( + -((/) *(, -/-+/* +/ >,( ,+-*( + ) (-*) ,-) < )*(-:/ + ) +/+) ,+@)*,()# + * -( +) )+ *+/+, -+,*+( ,+)+-* + -/*+/ + () ,+(-/+) ,-().
81
-.
LA SEGURIDAD
S )) *+)*@) + *(/*) -,*+,) -+) ( @() + /-+,+/-()# - +/ + -() + () *+,-+,() < +,+-) ,+>+,+/*+)# //@/ -((/ ++ -/>(, +/ + ,+/(+/* ,- < +/) +/ () +-)/+) ,)--/(+)# +) /+-+)(, +/*/-+) -((, +)*+ ), + /+)*(+ (/,((. D++) +/*+/+, =+ + )+, (/ , ) ,( /(*,(+( )-( *,(/=(# >,+( < -+,*,+ +/ *) ) (-*) =+ ,+((# =+,+ *+/+, )+@,( +/ *,/ ( ) +>+-*) + ) (-*) ,-) +/ ) -(+) )+ ;+ /;-,(# + -/*,<+ / ): ( (,+ ( /*+,/(# =+ =+( +/ + * /;(# )/ ( /( -/;;+/-( )-( ) (,:/-(. E/ *?,/) ,+;+) ( +)* )+ + (( (),(-:/ + +/-/*,(, )+@,( ,-(# /)**-:/ =+ +/ *,() ((,() +) -/-+*((,( - + ,+; -/-+/* =+ *+/+ + )+, (/ ,+)+-* + () -/)+-+/-() + )) (-*)# + ) (-(/-+) < *+) + () /,() ,-() =+ ) ,+@(/# + (/+,( *( =+ / ,/ )+, (*+,() , -,-/)*(/-() +-) / ,+;)*) / /*(() , ( +< +) +-,# -/>,+ ( ) )( +*@( -< ;-( )+@,( ;+/+ + )+-,)# ( +,)/( ++ +)*(, +),+-((# )/ *+,# />+,+/*+# -/>((# ++ +)-(,*(, -(=+, ,+)@. L( )+@,( ,-( +) + ,+)*( + /( ()+ +@( >,+ < ,+-)( < + /( (-(-:/ -+,+/*+ < />,+# < ): +/-+/*,( ))*+/* +/ ( -/;;+/-( )-(# +)* =+ + D+,+- +) / +- )-( =+ /(-+ + () ,+(-/+) /*+,)+*;() < - *( ) ,(:/ + )+, >/(+/*( +) (, )+@,( (,( @,(, /( (->-( -/;;+/-(. E) =+ ( -/;;+/-( @+/+,( +/ + )+, (/ ( /+-+)( + )(+, < +)*(, )+@, -: ( + )+, ) ,+(-:/ -/ ) +)# -+) )/ )) )(+) + (--:/ < -+) () + ) +) +/*, + +)=+( ,- ,+;)*# +
82
(/+,( *( =+ ,+;+( -/ ()*( -+,*+( ) (-(/-+) < -/)+-+/-() + -(( (-*# ) )<) < ) (+/). &(+ ,+-)(, =+# (,( + -() / /) +)*() ,+>,+/ ( ( )+@,( ,-( +)**-( /( =+ *,@( ( +< < + ))*+( -/ + )+ +- + (*+/+, / ,+-( >,+/*+ ( -(=+, (*,+# +) +-,# ( (, **+( ,)--/( ,+)+-* + /( -/*,;+,)( +)+->-( /+)*, +/>=+ +)* ,+/*( ( /( )+@,( /-( < ,+;),(# ( (,+ *,(/=( ( (-,++,# , ++# ,+)+-* + * *+-(, =+ *,@(# =+ / *+/@( + +/, () + ( + ( +>+-*;( + ) -,(/( -/ + +/ *+-( +/ -() + /+@(*;( + (@ , (,*+ + +, < , ) (,*+# + +, =+ *+/@( ( )+@,( + =+ ( @(-:/ ()( ( -, +/ ) )) *?,/) (-,() < =+ + +/ ( +/ @(,(/*( ): ,+)/+,# + )+, + -()# ()*( /+ (): - -(,@(. I@(# (=+ -,(, =+ -/>( +/ ) (*) + +/ (=, =+ ((,+-+/ +/ + ,+@)*, - / ++ +)*(, +K+)* ( ),,+)(). E)*( )+@,( , ) /() +) ;+,)( < - *( ((# ,+;+/+ -,-/)*(/-() < -,*(+/*)# @(,(/*(/ -+,*+(. E)*+ ()+-*# =+ (,+-+ - *,()-+/+/*+ < *+:,-# -/)**<+ / >(-*, >/(+/*( (,( /( -/;;+/-( )-( (->-( < (,:/-(# (,( + +)(,, / ): /;( )/ -+-*; + /-) + /(-/+) +/*+,(). C/)**<+ , * +)* /( /+-+)( (/*(, +-(/)) +@(+) ;(+)# -/ )>-+/*+ ))*+/* ,- < -,,+)/+/-( -/ ( ,+((# -/ +>+-*;( +/ ( ,-*-(# ): () ,+) -/)*,, / +,+- -+*(+/*+ * < +>-(# ( )+,;- + () /+-+)(+) (/().
83
.
PUNTOS IMPORTANTES DEL PROCEDIMIENTO DE TERCERIA POR DERECHO PREFERENTE
.1.
P&"'ede'
%$L( T+,-+,( + D+,+- P,+>+,+/*+ )+ *,(*( +/ ,-+) (,+;(.
.2.
C"+pe!e'
%$S/ -+*+/*+) (,( -/-+, ) ,-+)) (,+;() ) !+-+) C;+)# ) + P( L+*,()# )(; +/ (=+) -()) +/ =+ ( +< (*,<+ ) -/-+/* ( *,) :,@(/) ,)--/(+). L) !@() + P( L+*,() )/ -+*+/*+) -(/ ( -(/*( + ( ,+*+/):/ +) (<, + -+/ < ()*( =/+/*() U/(+) + R+>+,+/-( P,-+)( -(/ )+,+ +)*+ /*# ) !+-+) C;+).
.(.
Pl%"s
L) () K) (-(+) ( +)*+ ,-+) )/ 1. T,+) () (,( /*+,/+, *(-() )-/+) ( ) +) ,(*,)# -/*() +)+ ( /*>-(-:/ + () ,+)-/+) =+ ) *+/+/ , >,+-). 2. T,+) () (,( ();+, () *(-() )-/+). 3. C/- () (,( /*+,/+, +K-+-/+) +>+/)() ,+;()# -/*() +)+ ( /*>-(-:/ + ( +(/( + ( ,+-/;+/-:/. 4. C/- () (,( ();+, + *,()( + () +K-+-/+) +>+/)() ,+;(). 5. D+ () (,( -/*+)*(, ( +(/( < ,+-/;+/,. 6. C/- () (,( >,+-+, +) ,(*,) ) +/ ( -/*+)*(-:/ )+ /;-(/ +-) / +K+)*) +/ ( +(/( +/ ( ,+-/;+/-:/# -/>,+ ( 440. 7. D+ () (,( ();+, + *,()( + ( ,+-/;+/-:/. 8. D+ () (,( ( +K+-:/ + (* + )(/+(+/* -/*() +)+ + ;+/-+/* + ( (,( -/*+)*(, ( +(/( ,+-/;+/,. 9. &+/*+ () (,( ( ,+((-:/ + ( (+/-( + ,+()# -/>,+ ( )+@/ ,,(> + 471.
84
10. C/- () (,( ( ,+((-:/ + () (+/-() +)+-( < -++/*(,(# + )+, + -(). 11. &+/*-/- () (,( +K+, )+/*+/-(# -/>,+ ( 211. 12. C/- () (,( (+(, ( )+/*+/-(# -/>,+ ( 373.
.-.
A0&e#$%'$/ Del P&"'ed$+$e!"
A)+* + *,()( *,(/)-,, + ( (,( (-+,# + !+ ,-++, -/>,+ ( ) ) 449 < 468.
..
Apel%'$/
E/ +)*+ ,-+) *+/, +>+-* ))+/); ( (+(-:/ + ( ,+)-:/ =+ +-(,( ,-++/*+ ( +(/(# ( =+ +-(,( ( /;(+ + ( ,+(-:/ ,-+)( -/ -(,-*+, /))(/(+# ( =+ +-(,( >/(( /( +K-+-:/ +>+/)( ,+;( < + ( )+/*+/-(. L() +) (+(-/+) )+ -/-++,/ )/ +>+-* ))+/); < *+/,/ ( -(( + >+,()# )(; =+ + !+ +-( ) *,*+ /+(*# +(/*+ ,+)-:/ +(+/*+ *;((.
.7.
Fud%+e!"
L( *+,-+,( )+ +/*+/+ -/ + +(/(/*+ < + +(/(# < ): ++ >/(,)+ +/ ( ,+( + ) +/+) (>+-*() -(+/*+ , +( -(*+(, (,( ( ++--:/ +/ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( -/ + ,+- + *(+) +/+). S/ +,- + )+((# ++ >/(,)+ +/ ( ,+( + +/+) (>+-*() -/ @(,(/*() ,+(+)# -(/ + +,+- + *+,-+,)*( )+ +/-+/*,( /)-,* -/ (/*+,,( ( -( (>+-*(-:/.
.8.
Op"&!u$d%d
L( *+,-+,( + ,+( ++ /*+,/+,)+ +/ -(=+, +/* (/*+) =+ )+ /-+ + ,+(*+ + +/. L( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ (/*+) =+ )+ ,+(-+ + (@ ( (-,++,.
85
..
I%d+$s$0$l$d%d
L( +(/( + *+,-+,( / )+, (*( ) / ,+/+ ) ,+=)*) + 424 <# (+)# ) + +(/(/*+ / ,+( ) +,+- -/ -+/* - ,;( + >+-( -+,*(# +/ ) +>+-*# ) / ( @(,(/*( )>-+/*+ ( -,*+, + !+ (,( ,+)/+, , ) () < +,-) =+ ( *+,-+,( +,( ,,@(,.
..
E,e'!"s De L% Te&'e&)% De De&e'4" P&e,e&e!e
A*( ( *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+# )+ ))+/+ + (@ ( (-,++, ()*( =+ )+ +-( +/ +>/*;( ),+ ( ,+>+,+/-(# )(; =+ + *+,-+,)*( *,@+ @(,(/*( )>-+/*+ ( -,*+, + !+ (,( ,+)/+, , + -(*(# /*+,+)+)# -)*()# -)*) < *(). E *+,-+,)*( ++ /*+,;+/, +/ () (-*(-/+) ,+(-/(() -/ + ,+(*+ + +/.
.1. C"$#e'$% 3 M%l$'$% S )+ ,+( ( -//;+/-( +/*,+ *+,-+,)*( < +(/(# )+ /, ( () < ( )) A@()# )(,(+/*+# /( *( / +/, + -/- / (<, + ;+/*+ U/(+) + R+>+,+/-( P,-+)(# ) ( /+/(-:/ + () < +,-)# -)*) < -)*(). A+)# + !+ ,+*, ( M/)*+, P- -( -+,*>-(( + ) (-*() +,*/+/*+)# (,( + ++,-- + ( (--:/ +/( -,,+)/+/*+. L( )() )(/-/+) )+ + /, ( =+/ (<( )-*( < ++-*( (-)(+/*+ /( +( -(*+(,.
86
7.
MODELO GENERICO DE DEMANDA DE TERCERIA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE Espe'$%l$s!%: .................... Eped$e!e: .................... Cu%de&": PRINCIPAL. Es'&$!": N&". 1. INTERPONE DEMANDA DE TERCERÍA DE DERECHO PREFERENTE
AL -( -/ D.N.I. N,. # -/ ,+--:/ -(,( +/ .# )+((/ - ,-+)( +/ (*+/*(+/*+# @
I.
IA PROCEDIMENTAL 3 PETITORIO:
$+# +/ IA DE PROCESO ABREIADO# /*+,/@ +(/( + *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ -/*,( ..# -/ - +/ .# < -/*,( # -( +/ # ( >/ + =+ )+ ,+-/-( +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ ( )+, (@( -/ + ,+- =+ )+ *+/@( + )@+/*+ +/ ..# +/ (>+-*( -/ +( (,( >*,( ++--:/ >,(( +/ + ,-+) =+ ),+ . +) )+@ +/*,+ () +,)/() /-(() /+() (,,( , (/*+ + .. !@( C; + .# +K++/*+ N,. # E)+-()*( ..........
II.
FUNDAMENTOS DE HECHO: 1. $+# + -+(/(# S,. # +(/: +/ ;( ++-*;( (
*, -+(/(# S,. # + -+/* + /( @(-:/ + (, )( + /+,# (>+-*/)+ + )@+/*+ +/ + ,+( + +)*+ * ..# -/ ( +( + .............. (,( >*,( ++--:/ >,((J
87
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
I.
FUNDAMENTACION
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
88
A,*- 537 + C:@ P,-+)( C;# + -( )+(( (J =+ (*( ( *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+# )+ ))+/+ + (@ ( (-,++, ()*( =+ )+ +-( +/ +>/*;( ),+ ( ,+>+,+/-(# )(; =+ + *+,-+,)*( *,@+ @(,(/*( )>-+/*+ ( -,*+, + !+ (,( ,+)/+, , + -(*(# /*+,+)+)# -)*()# -)*) < *() < J =+ + *+,-+,)*( ++ /*+,;+/, +/ () (-*(-/+) ,+(-/(() -/ + ,+(*+ + +/.
.
MEDIOS PROBATORIOS:
O>,+- + ?,* + ) )@+/*+) +) ,(*,) 1.
/-(, + -+/* - ,;( + >+-( -+,( + =+ )+ *,(*+J
-+/* -/ + =+ )+ ++)*,( =+# ,+)+-* + +/ /-( +/ + /* 1 + ) >/(+/*) + +- + ( ,+)+/*+ +(/(# )+ ( -/)** ,+/( *+-(J +/ >(;, + + (J +(/(/*+# + ) =+# ( )+, / -+/* - ,;( + >+-( -+,*(J# -/)**<+ ,+( >+(-+/*+ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ < >/( ( ,+)+/*+ +(/( + *+,-+,( , )+, (/*+,, ( +/* +/ =+ )+ , ( (>+-*(-:/ + ,+>+, +/. 2. C+,*>-( + @,(;(+/# + >+-( ..# +K+ , ( O>-/( R+@)*,( + -/ + =+ )+ (-,+*( =+ ( *+-( -/)**( ),+ + +/ ( +/ + /* 1 + ) >/(+/*) + +- + ( +(/( ( ) +(+/*+ /)-,*( +/ ) R+@)*,) P-). 3. C() -+,*>-(() + ( )-* + +( -(*+(, < )) (/+K)# + >+-( .# (/*+(( +/ + C(+,/ -(*+(, + ,-+) =+ ),+ @(-:/ + (, )( + /+, +) )+@ (/*+ + !@( C; + ..# +K++/*+ N,. .# E)+-()*( . -/ () =+ )+ (-,+*( =+ )+ ( +*-/( /( +( -(*+(, +/ >,( + . S,+ + +/ +)-,* +/ + /* 1 + ) >/(+/*) + +- + ( +(/( < ,+)+-* + -( )+ ( -/)** @(,(/*( ,+/(,( *+-(,(J +/ >(;, + + (J +(/(/*+. 4. C( -+,*>-(( + ( ,+)-:/# + >+-( # =+ (*+ ( +( -(*+(, ( =+ )+ (-+ ,+>+,+/-( +/ + /* (/*+,, -/ ( =+ )+ ++)*,( ,+-)(+/*+ =+ + ...... !@( C; + . ( (* *( +(
89
,+-(*,( ),+ / +/ @,(;( -/ @(,(/*( *+-(,( +/ >(;, + +(/(/*+. 5. C( -+,*>-(( + (-*( + ++--:/ + ( +( + /-(, ( -()+ + +( -(*+(, + =+ )+ *,(*+J (( ,+-++/*++/*+ -/ ( =+ )+ ,+( =+ ( ) ++-*(( -( +( -/*,( / +/ @,(;( -/ @(,(/*( ,+/(,( *+-(,(J +/ >(;, + + (J +(/(/*+.
POR TANTO: A !@(# )-* )+ ),;( *+/+, , /*+,+)*( ( ,+)+/*+ +(/( < (,+ + *,*+ =+ ( ) /(*,(+( -,,+)/+# -/>,+ ( +,+- < + (-+, ( +<.
PRIMER OTROSI DIGO: $+# + -/>,( -/ +)*(+- +/ + ,+, ,,(> + (,*- 537 + C:@ P,-+)( C;# )-* ( !@( )+ ),;( >-(, ( .. !@( C; + ..# ( >/ + =+ *+ -/-+/* + ,+)+/*+ ,-+) + *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ < ,-+( ( ))+/+, + (@ ( (-,++, ()*( =+ )+ +-( +/ +>/*;( ),+ ( ,+>+,+/-(.
SEGUNDO OTROSI DIGO: $+# ++@ () >(-*(+) @+/+,(+) + ,+,+)+/*(-:/# ( =+ )+ ,+>+,+ + (,*- 80 + C:@ P,-+)( C;# ( A@( =+ (*,( ( ,+)+/*+ +(/(# -/ R+@. ..# < +-(, +)*(, /)*, (-+,-( + )) (-(/-+). E/ -(/* ( - + ,+,+)+/*(# ,+=)* (,( ( ,+,+)+/*(-:/ -( , (@(# )+( =+ )+ +/-+/*,( /-( +/ ( (,*+ /*,-*,( + ( ,+)+/*+ +(/(.
TERCER OTROSI DIGO: $+# (-( ) )@+/*+) (/+K) 1.A T()( -( , -/-+* + >,+-+/* + ,+(). 1.Q F*-( + D.N.I. + + (J +(/(/*+. 1.C
/-(, + -+/* + =+ )+ *,(*+# =+ (-,+*+ ( -/)**-:/ +
@(,(/*( ,+/(,( *+-(,( )+@/ + -() +/ >(;, + ( (,*+ +(/(/*+ < ,+)+-* + / +/ (>+-*( -/ +( -(*+(,J. 1.D C+,*>-( + @,(;(+/# + >+-( # +K+ , ( O>-/( R+@)*,( + ........................
90
1.E C() -+,*>-(() + ( )-* + +( -(*+(, < )) (/+K)# + >+-( ..# (/*+(( +/ + C(+,/ -(*+(, + ,-+) =+ ),+ @(-:/ + (, )( + /+, +) )+@ (/*+ + !@( C; + .# +K++/*+ N,. ..# E)+-()*( ....... 1.F C( -+,*>-(( + ( ,+)-:/# + >+-( .# =+ (*+ ( +( -(*+(, ( =+ )+ (-+ ,+>+,+/-( +/ + /* (/*+,,. 1.G C( -+,*>-(( + (-*( + ++--:/ + ( +( -(*+(, (( ,+-++/*++/*+# + >+-( ...........
C$ud%d> ........................ Sell" 3 ,$&+% del A0"%d"
F$&+% del de+%d%!e
91
8.
8.1.
S+@/ +K+)*# (*+/+/ ( ( ),+(-( -/)**-/( + ,/- + ,,( +/ + (@ + ,+/+,(-/+) < +/+>-) )-(+) ,+-@ +/ + )+@/ ,,(> + (,*- 24 + /+)*,( C(,*( M(@/(# ,+)*( (-(+ ( ) (*)# +/-/*,/)+ ) +/+) + +, (>+-*) ( (@ + /*+@, + ) -,?*) (,(+)# (+() /-) ),+ ) +,+-) + @(,(/*( =+ *+/+ + +(/(/*+. D+ (/+,( =+# -/>,+ ( +K+)*# ( ,+-,,+/*+ *+/+ ,,( +/ + (@ + ) (-,++/-( (,( )/ +,- + =+ )+ ( /-( +/ + -/)+,(/ )+K* + +)*( )+/*+/-(# =+ >/(+/*+ -/)**<+ / +-(/) + -/*, ( >/ + =+ +,+ + ,/- + ,(( ( /*+,, + ,-+)
CAS. N (2(22 LAMBA@E?UE L(# ;+/**,?) + / + ) -(*,. L( SALA CI&IL PERMANENTE DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE !USTICIA DE LA REPYQLICA# -/ + (-((# ;)*( ( -()( + ( + ( >+-( < ,-( ( ;*(-:/ -,,+)/+/*+ -/ (,,+@ + L+<# +*+ ( )@+/*+ )+/*+/-( 1. MATERIA DEL RECURSO E) (*+,( + ,+)+/*+ ,+-,) + -()(-:/ /*+,+)* , M+,-++) C, C(/ -/*,( ( ,+)-:/ + ;)*( + >() -+/* /;+/*)?)# ) >+-( /+;+ + )+*+,+ + ) )# =+ ,+;-(/ ( )+/*+/-( (+(( + >() -+/* *,+/*:)# ) >+-( -+ + / + ) )# =+ +-(,( />/(( ( +(/( ,+>,/(# +-(,( >/(( ( +(/( + *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ /*+,+)*( , (
92
C(( M/-( + A,, ; C,?* + P,(CMAC PIURA SOCIEDAD ANÓNIMA. 2.
FUNDAMENTOS
POR LOS CUALES SE
HA
DECLARADO PROCEDENTE EL RECURSO. $+# (* + ,+-,) + -()(-:/ ( >() )-+/*) +# >+ +-(,( ,-++/*+ , ( -()( -/*+/( +/ + /-) 2 + (,*- 386 + C:@ P,-+)( C;# , (J L( /(-(-:/ + )+@/ ,,(> + (,*- 24 + ( C/)**-:/# ,+>+, ( ( ,,( + (@ + ) +/+>-) )-(+) < ,+/+,(-:/ + *,(((, ),+ -(=+, *,( @(-:/ + ++(, (,@+/*( =+ -( ,,( + (@ )+ ,+)+/*( )+,+ < -(/ )+ =+ + /+@-# -( ( )-+ +/ + -() + (*)# ,+-)(/ (+) =+ ) +K ++(,+) M(,-( D( H<) < !(/*( &(,@() F+,//+ ,+(((/ )) (-*;(+) - +,)/() /(*,(+) < / ,-() +?/)+ /*+,,+*(, < (-(, ( /,( -/)**-/( + (<, +,(,=( - ( /;-((# >,+/*+ ( /( + +/, +,(,=( - +) + D+-,+* L+@)(*; --+/*) -/-+/*)?). J P, ( /(-(-:/ + (,*- 26 /-) 3 + ( C/)**-:/# ,+>+,( ( ( /*+,,+*(-:/ >(;,(+ ( *,(((, +/ -() + ( /)(;(+ ),+ + )+/* + /( /,( (+@( =+ + @(, ++ /*+,,+*(, + )+/* + ( /,( (-(+ ( -() -/-,+*# +/ >,( ) >(;,(+ ( *,(((, , )+, ( (,*+ ) ? < / - )+ ( ,+(( +/ + -() + (*) (-(/ ( D+-,+* L+@)(*; --+/*) -/-+/*)?) (/*+) -*(# / )*(/*+ =+ ) +K ++(,+) )-J / )+ ((/ -/)** +/ +,)/( ,-( (,( =+ (=+( +/*,+ =(-:/ )-J , =+,( *,( ,(:/# )/ =+ (/ +)(,,() )-J )) (-*;(+) - +,)/( /(*,( (+) -*( ( E+-*,(
S,+(
)
#
-(*,-+/*)
)+)+/*-
@:/
/;+/*)+*+# =+ +-(,( =+ )+ ++ ((,(, ( *+,-+,( ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ + ) +/+>-) )-(+) + *,(((, ),+ -(=+, @(-:/ + ++(,. 3.CONSIDERANDOS P,+,. E )+@/ ,,(> + (,*- 24 + ( C/)**-:/ P*-( ,+;? ( ,,( + (@ + () ,+/+,(-/+) < +/+>-) )-(+)# /,( =+ ,+)*( (-(+ ( -() + (*)# *( ;+ =+ /) +/-/*,() >,+/*+ ( / -,?* (,(
93
=+ ( ) ,+-/- -(+/*+ < =+ )-( /+, ) ,,( +/ + (@ ( / -,?* >/(/-+, =+ ;+/+ )+/ )-* -(+/*+# -,?* =+ )+ +/-+/*,( ,+)(( , /( @(,(/*( *+-(,( ,+@)*,(( (/*+) =+ + +(,@ + ( ,+-,,+/*+. S+@/. T(/* + -,?* @(,(/*( -/ *+-( - ( +( (,( ,+)((( -/ / +(,@# ,+-(+/ ),+ / /++ +/ ,-+) + ,+(*+ -# , =+ ++, )+, (*+,( + (/)) ) ( (-(( + )+@/ ,,(> + (,*- 24 + ( C/)**-:/ P*-( ( + />, +/ >( +-):/ *(( , + ( =+. T+,-+,. L( /,( -/)**-/( -*(( ( ) (*+,( + +)(,, /,(*;# +/*,+ () /,() =+ ( +)(,,() )-J +/-/*,() ( D+-,+* L+@)(*; --+/*) -/-+/*)?)# ( *,(;?) + -( )+ ,+-)(/ ) (-(/-+) < ,,(+) + ) -,?*) (,(+). C(,*. C/>,+ )+ (;+,*+ + ( +(/( + >() ;+/*+# ( ,+>+,+/-( +/ + (@ , (,*+ + +(/(/*+ +) /*+/*(( +/ ()+ ( +K)*, / +,+- ,+( + *+-( +(+/*+ /)-,* < ,=+ ) )+)*) ,+;)*) +/ + D+-,+* L+@)(*; --+/*) -/-+/*)?) / )+ (/ +/ +)*+ -()# ( / (+, ,+=+,+/* + )+((+/* + +/ ,+ ,-+) + =(-:/ + ++(,. $/*. A ,+)+-*# (-(/ + ,/- + ,,( +/ + (@ -/)(@,( -/)**-/(+/*+# )+ (,+-( =+ *( +-):/ -/)**-/( ++-+ ( /*+,+)+) + ,*+--:/ ( ) (-,++,+) (,(+) >,+/*+ ( ) +) (-,++,+) + )*/* ,+/# +/*, + (,- + /( +-/( )-( + +,-(. D+ (/+,( =+# - ,/- -/)**-/( ++ (-(,)+ , +/-( + () ,+>+,+/-() + +,+-) =+ )+ +/-+/*,(/ ,+;)*() +/ + L, I" + C:@ C;# ,+>+,( ( ) ,+@)*,) -). S+K*. P(,( +)*( +-):/ )+ *+/+ +/ -+/*( + -/*+K* +/ =+ )+ ,+)+/*(/ ) +-) (*+,( + +-):/ -(# ),+ * () -,-/)*(/-() =+ + -,?* + +(/(/*+ +) (*+,( + / ,-+) -( + ++--:/ + @(,(/*( *+-(,( <# , *, ( =+# + +(/(/*+ ( +//-( +/(+/*+ *(/* ( ( ,+-,,+/*+ - ( )) +K ++(,+)# , + +* + +>,((-:/ < >,(+ ,-+)( ( >() -(,+/*)+*+J +//-( =+ +/ -() +
94
+-(,(,)+ ( -(( *,(+,( @,(;+) -/)+-+/-() -;+) < +/(+) (,( ( ,+-,,+/*+. S?*. E/ *( )+/*# +/ (-(-:/ + )+@/ ,,(> + (,*- 24 + ( C/)**-:/ P*-(# )+ (,+-( =+ + D+-,+* L+@)(*; --+/*) -/-+/*)?) ,+)*( )+/ /( /,( +/ ( =+# +)(,,/)+ + ,/- -/)**-/( (/*+) +K+)*# ( ( @(, ( =+ + ,+-+* -/)**-/( )+( /(-( >,+/*+ ( -( )+ ++ *+/+, +/ -+/*( *(?/ ,+;)* +/ + )+@/ ,,(> + (,*- 138 + /+)*,( C(,*( M(@/(# +/ ;,* ( -( + ,/- + ,,( +/ + (@ -/)(@,( -/)**-/(+/*+ ++ /+,)+ ( ,+;)* , + D+-,+* L+@)(*; --+/*) -/-+/*)?). O-*(;. S+@/ +K+)*# (*+/+/ ( ( ),+(-( -/)**-/( + ,/- + ,,( +/ + (@ + ,+/+,(-/+) < +/+>-) )-(+) ,+-@ +/ + )+@/ ,,(> + (,*- 24 + /+)*,( C(,*( M(@/(# ,+)*( (-(+ ( ) (*)# +/-/*,/)+ ) +/+) + +, (>+-*) ( (@ + /*+@, + ) -,?*) (,(+)# (+() /-) ),+ ) +,+-) + @(,(/*( =+ *+/+ + +(/(/*+. D+ (/+,( =+# -/>,+ ( +K+)*# ( ,+-,,+/*+ *+/+ ,,( +/ + (@ + ) (-,++/-( (,( )/ +,- + =+ )+ ( /-( +/ + -/)+,(/ )+K* + +)*( )+/*+/-(# =+ >/(+/*+ -/)**<+ / +-(/) + -/*, ( >/ + =+ +,+ + ,/- + ,(( ( /*+,, + ,-+). N;+/. E (,*- 26 /-) 3 + ( C/)**-:/ / ,+)*( (-(+ ( ) (*)# ( / +)*(, >,+/*+ ( /( /,( ,-( +/ /+ +@ + (+, (-( ) )*/*) ?*) + /*+,,+*(-:/ ,-(# )+ ,+)+/*( /( ( /)(;(+. 4. DECISIÓN (J D+-(,(,/ FUNDADO + ,+-,) + -()(-:/ /*+,+)* , M+,-++) C, C(/ +(/*+ +)-,* + >() )-+/*) )+*+# +/ -/)+-+/-( CASARON ( ,+)-:/ + ;)*( + >() -+/* /;+/*)?)# ) >+-( /+;+ + -*,+ + ) )# =+ ,+;-( ( )+/*+/-( (+(( + >() -+/* *,+/*:)# ) >+-( -+ + / + ) )# =+ +-(,( />/(( ( +(/( ,+>,/( +-(,( >/(( ( +(/( + *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ /*+,+)*( , ( C(( M/-( + A,, < C,?* + P,(CMAC PIURA SOCIEDAD
95
ANÓNIMA. J A-*(/ +/ )++ + /)*(/-( CONFIRMARON ( ,+)-:/ (+(( + >() -+/* *,+/*:)# ) >+-( -+ + / + ) )# =+ +-(,( INFUNDADA ( +(/(# -/ +) =+ ( -/*+/+# -J DISPUSIERON ( -(-:/ + +)*( ,+)-:/ +/ + D(, O>-( E P+,(/# ( ,+)/)(( +/ ) )+@) , ( C, C(/ M+,-++) -/*,( ( C(( M/-( + A,, < C,?* + P,(CMAC PIURA SOCIEDAD ANÓNIMA# ),+ *+,-+,( ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ < ) +;;+,/. SS. ALFARO ZL&ARE CARRIÓN LUGO AGUA%O DEL ROSARIO PACHAS Z&ALOS QALCZAR ELADA.
8.2.
LA TERCERÍA PREFERENTE DE PAGO EST REFERIDA AL DERECHO DE CRDITO @ NO A LA PROPIEDAD DEL BIEN L( *+,-+,( ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ +)* ,+>+,( ( +,+- + -,?* < / ( ( ,+( + +/. E/ )(# +/ +)*( *+,-+,( + !+ ++ (/((, ( /(*,(+( + ) -,?*) -/*,(+)*) < - + +) *+/+ ,+>+,+/-( + (@ ),+ + *, L( (,*+ (-*,( +/ ) +(/( ,+*+/+ )+ + ,+-/-( ) +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ + )) ,+/+,(-/+) < +/+>-) )-(+)# (/*+) =+ ( (-,++,( *+-(,( Q(/-# +/ ( ;+/*( -( + /++ + ,+( + C+,-( L( ,+-,,( ( -/>,( ( (+((# =+ +-(,( >/(( ( +(/(# +/ -/)+-+/-(# +-(,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (-*, ( )+, (@( -/ + ,-* =+ )+ *+/@( + ,+(*+ + /++ ) (*+,(# =+ )+ ;+/+ ++-*(/ +/ + ,-+) + E+--:/ + G(,(/*(# )+@ , + +/-/( Q(/- -/*,( C+,-(# -< >/(+/* +) =+ + (,*- 24 )+@/ ,,(> + ( C(,*( M(@/( ,+@( =+ + (@ + ( ,+/+,(-:/ < + ) +/+>-) )-(+) + *,(((, *+/+ ,,( ),+ 96
-(=+, *,( @(-:/ + ++(,# )+/ + (-(-:/ >,)( >,+/*+ ( / ,-++/* =+ +/*,+-+ ) (-(-:/# - )/ ) (,*-) 3 < 4 + D+-,+* L+@)(*; /+, 856# =+ ++/ (, ,*/( ( =+ / )+ -( -/ + (/(* -/)**-/( *(?/ )+(( =+ ) (,*-) 1 < 2 + +)*+ D+-,+* L+@)(*; )+ -+/ ( (=+( /,( -/)**-/(
CAS. N -1(2. LA LIBERTAD. L(# ;+/**,?) + / + ) /+;+. LA SALA CIIL PERMANENTE DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE +-( < ,-( ( ;*(-:/ -/ (,,+@ ( L+< +*+ ( ,+)+/*+ )+/*+/-(
1.
MATERIA DEL RECURSO: S+ *,(*( + ,+-,) + -()(-:/
/*+,+)* , + -+(/( Q(/- I/*+,/(-/( + P+, INTERQAN\# -/*,( ( S+/*+/-( + &)*( + >() )-+/*) -(,+/*( < *,+)# ) >+-( +-- + )+*+,+ + ) -# +K+( , ( P,+,( S(( C; + ( C,*+ S+,, + !)*-( + L( L+,*(# =+ -/>,( ( (+(( + >() -+/* -(,+/*( < )+)# >+-(( + + + / + ) -# =+ +-(,( >/(( ( +(/(# +/ -/)+-+/-(# +-(, + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (-*, ( )+, (@( -/ + ,-* =+ )+ *+/@( + ,+(*+ + /++ ) (*+,(# =+ )+ ;+/+ +-*(/ +/ + ,-+) + E+--:/ + G(,(/*(.
2.
FUNDAMENTOS POR LOS CUALES SE HA DECLARADO
PROCEDENTE EL RECURSO: M+(/*+ ( ,+)-:/ + >+-( ;+/*/ + (, + ( +/ -,)# )+ ( +-(,( ,-++/*+ + ,+-,) + -()(-:/ , ( -()( + /-) 1B + (,*- 386 + C:@ P,-+)( C;# )+@/ ) )@+/*+) >/(+/*) D+//-( ( /*+,,+*(-:/ +,,:/+( + ) (,*-) 24 )+@/ ,,(> < 138 + ( C/)**-:/ P*-(# (-+/ =+ +/ + ,+, ,+-+*# ( S(( ( /*+,,+*( +,,:/+(+/*+ ) -/*+/ ( +)*(+-+, =+ ( ,+/+,(-:/ < ) +/+>-) )-(+) 97
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
(.
CONSIDERANDOS:
P&$+e&": L( *+,-+,( ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ +) (=+( ,+*+/):/ =+ +,*+ ( / (-,++, =+ ) -,?* )+( (@( -/ + ,-* + ) +/+) (>+-*()# -/ ,+>+,+/-( ( ( +,)/( =+ ( @,( ( (>+-*(-:/. E) , + =+ +/ + (* (), + ( *+,-+,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+# )+ ))+/+ + (@ ( *, (-,++, ()*( =+ )+ +-( +/ +>/*;( ),+ ( ,+>+,+/-(. L( *+,-+,( ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ +)* ,+>+,( ( +,+- + -,?* < / ( ( ,+( + +/. E/ )(# +/ +)*( *+,-+,( + !+ ++ (/((, ( /(*,(+( + ) -,?*) -/*,(+)*) < - + +) *+/+ ,+>+,+/-( + (@ ),+ + *,.
Seud": L( (,*+ (-*,( +/ ) +(/( + >() ;+/*-#
98
,+*+/+ )+ + ,+-/-( ) +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (@ + )) ,+/+,(-/+) < +/+>-)
)-(+)# (/*+) =+ ( (-,++,(
*+-(,( Q(/- I/*+,/(-/( + P+,# +/ ( ;+/*( -( + /++ + ,+( + C+,-( &(, E,+)( I/;( + R+)/)(( L*((# )* +/ ( C(+ /# M(/(/( A# *+ -+# P(,=+ I/)*,( + D)*,* L( E)+,(/(# T,# /)-,* +/ ( >-( /+, 22012 + R+@)*, + P,+( I/++ + L( L+,*(.
Te&'e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
Cu%&!": L( ,+-,,( ( -/>,( ( (+((# =+ +-(,( >/(( ( +(/(# +/ -/)+-+/-(# +-(,( + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + (-*, ( )+, (@( -/ + ,-* =+ )+ *+/@( + ,+(*+ + /++ ) (*+,(# =+ )+ ;+/+ ++-*(/ +/ + ,-+) + E+--:/ + G(,(/*(# )+@ , + +/-/( Q(/- -/*,( C+,-( &;(, E,+)( I/;( + R+)/)(( L*((# -< >/(+/* +) =+ + (,*- 24 )+@/ ,,(> + ( C(,*( M(@/( ,+@( =+ + (@
99
+ ( ,+/+,(-:/ < + ) +/+>-) )-(+) + *,(((, *+/+ ,,( ),+ -(=+, *,( @(-:/ + ++(,# )+/ + (-(-:/ >,)( >,+/*+ ( / ,-++/* =+ +/*,+-+ ) (-(-:/# - )/ ) (,*-) 3 < 4 + D+-,+* L+@)(*; /+, 856# =+ ++/ (, ,*/( ( =+ / )+ -( -/ + (/(* -/)**-/( *(?/ )+(( =+ ) (,*-) 1 < 2 + +)*+ D+-,+* L+@)(*; )+ -+/ ( (=+( /,( -/)**-/(.
?u$!": E ,+-,) ) +K(+/ (/*+( ( /*+,,+*(-:/ +,,:/+( + (,*- 24 + ( C/)**-:/ P*-(# ,=+ + +,+- ,+>+,+/*+ + -,?* (,( +)* )+* ( -+/* + ) (,*-) 3 < 4 + D+-,+* L+@)(*; /+, 856# )*(-:/ =+ ()+;+,( / )+ -+ +/ + ,+)+/*+ -().
Se!": $+# )+/ +)*+ + (,- /,(*; +/ + =+ )+ +)(,,( ( *+,-+,( ,+>+,+/*+ + (@# +,;(( + /( @(-:/ (,( /-( , + ++(,# ++ *+/+,)+ ,+)+/*+ =+ *( /*+,,+*(-:/ +@( + /( /,( ++ (,*, + ( (*, + ( )(# +)* +)# /( /,( + +/, +,(,=(# (/ -(/ )+( ,+@(,( + ( ))-:/ @+/+,(# / ++ (,)+ ( -/*,(--:/ -/ ( /,( +,,=-(+/*+ )+,,.
S*!$+": $+# +/ + -() + (*)# (/(( + (-*(, + ) +-+) + ?,*#
)+ ++
)+((, =+ ?)*) / (/ /*+,,+*(
+,,:/+(+/*+ ( /,( +//-(( +)* =+ ( (/ /*+,,+*( )*(+/*+ +/*, + -/*+K* +/ + =+ )+ /*+,,+*(/ +)*( /,(# +)* +)# -/ ( (-(-:/ + (,*- 24 + ( C/)**-:/ P*-(# (+/ (,,( ( ( -/-):/ >-*-(# ( )( =+ / +) ))-+*+ + )+, ,+;)(( +/ )++ -()(*,(# + =+ + (-*, / ( )(*)>+- + )+)* -/*+/ +/ ( /,(# (?/)+ -*( / ,+=+,+/* + (@# + ) =+ ( ) /-. U/
100
(/*+-++/*+ )(, ( ) +K(/( +/ ) -/)+,(/) /?- < ?- + ( S+/*+/-( + C()(-:/ /+, 5362003 S(/*(# -(( +/ E P+,(/# -/ >+-( *,+/*( < / + (, + ) -(*,# @/( /-+ )+)-+/*) )+*+/*( < )+).
O'!%#" P, *, (# +)*( S(( + C()(-:/ +)*( =+ ): + >,(+ )(-:/ +/*,+ ++(, < *,(((, / *+/+ **+( -/)**-/( - (,( /+,) ( *,) +,+-) + -,?*. E/ + ,+)+/*+ -()# ) +/ +) -+,* +/ ( -/*+)*(-:/ + ( +(/( (/*+) ,+)+((# )+ (-+ ():/ ( >,(+ =+ (,(/ -+* + (-*, -/ ( *,( +(/((# )+)* =+ , +) / ( ) +)*,( +/ (*)# )+ )+,;( =+ +/ ( (+(-:/ + >() -+/* -/-+/*( < /+;+# +/ )) (@,(;) / )+ /-+ +/ +)*+ (,@+/*. E/ -/)+-+/-(# / )+ -,,,( + +,,, / -(/ (+@( , + ,+-,,+/*+.
-.
DECISIÓN: P, () -/)+,(-/+) +K+)*() < + -/>,(
-/ +)*(+- +/ + (,*- 397 + C:@ P,-+)( C; (J
De'l%&%&" INFUNDADO + ,+-,) + -()(-:/ + >() )-+/*) -/-+/*( < )+*+# /*+,+)* , + Q(/- I/*+,/(-/( + P+, ' INTERQAN\ +/ -/)+-+/-(# NO CASAR ( S+/*+/-( + &)*( + >() )-+/*) -(,+/*( < *,+)# ) >+-( +-- + )+*+,+ + ) -# +*( , ( P,+,( S(( C; + ( C,*+ S+,, + !)*-( + L( L+,*(. J CONDENARON ( ( (,*+ ,+-,,+/*+ ( (@ + ( *( + ) U/(+) + R+>+,+/-( P,-+)( ) -)*() < -)*) + +)*+ ,+-,). -J DISPUSIERON ( -(-:/ + ( ,+)+/*+ ,+)-:/ +/ + D(, O>-( E P+,(/# ( ,+)/)(( +/ ) )+@) , D/- R+<+) G*?,,+# ),+ T+,-+,( P,+>+,+/*+ + P(@ /*+,;/ - &-( P/+/*+ + )+, I,@ D+@( < ) +;;+,/. SS.
TZ&ARA
CÓRDO&A.
SOLÍS
ESPINOA.
PALOMINO
GARCIA.
CASTA]EDA SERRANO. IDROGO DELGADO.
101
CONCLUSIONES
L( *+,-+,( ;+/+ ( )+, (=+( ,+*+/):/ +-( , / *+,-+, +/ / ,-+)# + -( / +) (,*+ ))*(/*;( / ,-+)(# +/ -<( ;,* ,+-(( + +;(/*(+/* + / +(,@ *,(( ),+ / +/ + ) ,+(# + (@ ,+>+,+/-( + ) -,?* -/ + ,- + ( ;+/*( + +/ +(,@(.
E ))*+/* + +)*( >@,( +)* /*(+/*+ ;/-(( -/ + +,+- + ,+(# +,+- ,+( ( *,(;?) + -( +*+,/( +/ )+ +/-+/*,( )+* ( ( (--:/ < ;/*( + /( +,)/(.
L( *+,-+,( + ,+( ++ /*+,/+,)+ +/ -(=+, +/* (/*+) =+ )+ /-+ + ,+(*+ + +/# ++/ +/*+/+,)+ , /- + ,+(*+# ( +-*,( + ( ,+(-:/ + +/+) ( ;+/+,)+# ( (-* ) + ( ;+/*( < )*+,, (-(-:/ +/ ,+( ( >(;, + (@/ )*,# =+ )+ ,-+/ +/ + ) (-*.
L() *+,-+,() -/)**<+/ / /)*,+/* ,-+)( /+-+)(, (,( @,(, +)(>+-*(, / +,+- *+/+, ( ,+>+,+/-( + (@ -(/ ,+(+/*+ -/-,,+ *( -,-/)*(/-(. S/ +(,@# -/ >,+-+/-( )/ *(() - / + (,( ,(, @(-/+) +(+/*+ ()().
L( *(-:/ + () *+,-+,() (,( +;(, @(-/+) +@*(+/*+ -/*,(()# +/-+/*,(/ -/ >,+-+/-( ,+)( +/ () +-)/+) ,)--/(+) , /( /-/))*+/*+ (-(-:/ + /)**-/+) - + +,+- -/# +,+-) ,+(+) < +,+-) +,)/(+).
L( -()>-(-:/ + +,+-) ,+(+) < +,+-) +,)/(+) -/)**<+ +++/* >/(+/*(# ( /;+ ,)--/(# (,( +-, + +,+- 102
,+>+,+/*+# )/ +(,@# ( ,(-( + /) ),+ *,) -(,+-+ + ))*+/* ,-*+:,- < ,+)*( /* +/ ( ,-*-(.
E +,+- -/ *(/*() ;+-+) /;-( , *+:,-) < , ) :,@(/) ,)--/(+) +) -/-+ + +,,:/+# )+ *+/+ /( (@( +( + ) (-(/-+ -/-+*( < , + )+ (-( /-,,+-*(+/*+ (,( ( )-:/ + ( /( + +,+-).
E +,+- -/ -/)**<+ * + ))*+( ,- =+ ,@+ < /,( () -/-*() )-+-/:-() + /( )-+( +/ )+/* @+/+,(# (=+ =+ / )+ +/(,-( ( * -( ,+@/( / ( /( (*+,( +)+-(.
L( ,,( + ) +,+-) /)-,*) / )+ +*+,/( , ) -(-:/ +/ /+)*, ))*+( ,- -;# - ,+(+) +,)/(+)# )/ , ( ,+@)*,((.
E R+@)*, P- -/)**<+/ + /)*,+/* )
+,>+-* + -(# , -/)@+/*+ + =+ (<, @(,(/*( *,@( (,( -(>-(, ( ,+>+,+/-( + ) +,+-).
L( )+@,( ,-( ,+)*( /)+/)(+ +/ *) ) *) < ): ++ @,(,)+ -/ ( -/-,,+/-( + / ))*+( ,- -/))*+/*+# ,+()*( < -+,+/*+ -/ ( ,-*-(# < + / -,*(+/* ,)--/( >,+ < />,+.
103
BIBLIOGRAFIA
HINOSTRO9A MÍNGUE9# A+,*. 2008. P,-+)) -;+) ,+(-/() -/ ( ,+( < ( )+):/. L( G(-+*( !,-(.
HINOSTRO9A MINGUE9# A+,*. 2010. P,-+)) A,+;(). T &III. L( !,)*( E*,+).
FALCÓN# E/,=+ M. 1978. D+,+- P,-+)( C;# C+,-( < (,(. Q). A).# C+,(,( + D+,+- < C+/-() S-(+).
PODETTI# R(,. 2004. T,(*( + ( T+,-+,(. T+,-+,( +-:/ ((( < (-*((( , &-*, G+,,+, L+-/*+. Q). A). E*,( E(,.
ORTELLS RAMOS# M. P,-+) C; P,-*-. O. C+-*;( C,. G+/ S+/,(# &.. M(, E. L( L+<# 2002.
ARIANO DEHO# E@+/(. L( *+,-+,( + ,+( +/ + CPC + 1993 )) ,+() < )) (*(). E/ D(@ -/ ( !,),+/-(. C(+,/) ,),+/-(+). NB 39# P,+,( +-:/. S+*+,+ 2004.
MONTERO AROCA# !(/. 2001. E N+; P,-+) C; L+< 12000. 2( E-:/. &(+/-( E*. T,(/* L Q(/-#
ALSINA# H@. 1963. T,(*( *+:,- ,-*- + D+,+- ,-+)( -; < -+,-(. T III. Q). A). C(( (,@+/*/( + E*,(+) S.R.L.
RODRÍGUE9 GARCES# S+,@. T,(*( + () T+,-+,(). 1967 T I 2(. E-:/# L,*+- L*(.# C+.
104
