Lnof, h`y{gwk ik 7:67
® [cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp -[Z@. Nozwkph kc kl Zkwô / Zwncyki nc Zkw{ @hwwk``nðc ik kpynlh4 Inpköh ik `{gnkwyf4 Infewfof`nðc4
Dhwek @hfe{nlf Ekwoæc W{nt @m# Infcf Zfywðc Onöæc
Kinyhw ikl zwh~k`yh kinyhwnfl [cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp P#F#@#
Fr# Flhcph ik Ohlncf 6266, Lnof 00 -Zkwô.# Yklîb# 060/0000 uuu#{z`#ki{#zk Zwnokwf z{gln`f`nðc4 6>>7 -z{gln`fif zhw lf B{cif`nðc Bwnkin`m Kgkwy. Pke{cif kin`nðc4 h`y{gwk ik 7:67 Ynwfdk4 6::: kdkozlfwkp Kpyk lngwh pk ykwoncð ik nozwnonw kc kl okp ik h`y{gwk ik 7:67, kc lhp yfllkwkp ewæn`hp ik Okywh`hlhw P#F# @fllk Lhp Ehwwnhckp C#º 0;:, [wg# Lf @foznöf -@mhwwnllhp.#
[cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp -[Z@. @kcywh ik Ncbhwof`nðc C{ekcy, E{nllkwoh# Kl lfgkwncyh ik lf `mhlkifi4 zæencfp zfwf kcykcikw lf ikpne{flifi# ikpne{flifi#
Lnof4 [cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp -[Z@., 7:67 NPGC4 >5=/267/9:96/>5/2 OKPYNTFDK, NIKCYNIFI @[LY[WFL, WKLF@NHCKP ÎYCN@FP, INP@WNONCF@NÐC WF@NFL, ZHGLF@NÐC NCIÏEKCF, ONEWF@NÐC W[WFL [WGFCF, RNHLKC@NF, ZKWÔ 0:;#= C[EK 7:67
Mk`mh kl Ikzðpnyh Lkefl kc lf Gnglnhyk`f Cf`nhcfl ikl Zkwô C#º 7:67/66=>; Wkenpywh ik Zwh~k`yh Kinyhwnfl kc lf Gnglnhyk`f Cf`nhcfl ikl Zkwô C#º 06;:69:67::567
Yhihp lhp ikwk`mhp wkpkwrfihp# Kpyf z{gln`f`nðc ch z{kik pkw wkzwhi{`nif, cn kc yhih cn kc zfwyk, cn wkenpywfif kc h ywfcponynif zhw {c pnpykof ik wk`{zkwf`nðc ik ncbhwof`nðc, kc cnce{cf bhwof cn zhw cnceôc okinh, pkf ok`æcn`h, bhyhv{ïon`h, klk`ywðcn`h, ofecîyn`h, klk`ywhðzyn`h, zhw bhyh`hznf h `{flv{nkw hywh, pnc kl zkwonph zwkrnh, zhw kp`wnyh, ik lf kinyhwnfl# Kl `hcykcnih ik kpyk lngwh kp wkpzhcpfgnlnifi ikl f{yhw ~ ch wklkdf ck`kpfwnfokcyk ck`kpfwnfokcyk lf hzncnðc
ik lhp kinyhwkp#
@hcykcnih
Zwðlheh
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Ncywhi{``nðc
60
@fzïy{lh 64 Kl lfgkwncyh `hoh kpzf`nh ph`nfl
6;
Ncywhi{``nðc
6;
Lf inp`wnoncf`nðc ikl nciïekcf mfpyf 6>2:
6>
Kl p{wenonkcyh ik lf zhgwktf `hoh mhwnthcyk mhwnthcyk ph`nfl
75
Lfp `n{ifikp `hoh kpzf`nh ik {cf ihglk onewf`nðc
0;
Z{wh/noz{wh(lnoznh/p{`nh
90
@fzïy{lh 74 Zkw{fch !6, Zkw{fch ‐6# [ch
;5
¸@{æcih pk `mhlkð kl Zkwô8
;5
Lf ikpewf`nf `wnhllf
2=
Lf ncrkc`nðc ncrkc`nðc ik lf mnpyhwnf
=;
Kl ikp`kcywfonkcyh ikp`kcywfonkcyh
6:6
Fzhlheïf ik Ghg Lðzkt -lh kpkc`nfl kp rnpnglk f lhp hdhp.
666
Ncywhi{``nðc
666
K``k tfogh rnpyh zhw Mhoh pfznkcp
660
¦@mkw`mkt lf m{f`mfbf&
66>
Tfzfyhp ik lhcf glfc`f ~ p{klf ik dkgk -ch pk in`k tfzfynllf.
67=
Lfp nikfp v{k pk okynkwhc kc lf `fgktf ik Whgkwyh/Ghg~/Ghg Whgkwyh/Ghg~/Ghg Lðzkt ~ {cf ofckwf k}zkinynrf ik pf`fwlfp
697
@hc`l{pnðc4 rkncyk föhp oæp yfwik
62=
Lhp fwe{okcyhp phgwk lf rnhlkc`nf
62>
Ncywhi{``nðc4 lf rnhlkc`nf ~ p{p ohynrhp
62>
Kl fwe{okcyh ik lf inrkwpnifi inrkw pnifi `{ly{wfl
650
Kl fwe{okcyh ik lf zhgwktf
659
Lf rnhlkc`nf `hoh e{kwwf ikl z{kglh
652
Hywf ofckwf ik rnrnw, rnrnw, hywf ofckwf ik zkcpfw
655
[cf lkenynonifi lkenynon ifi kl{pnrf
65>
Lf rnif ~ lf o{kwyk `hoh inpync`nðc zhlïyn`f
6=:
Lf ikofcif zhw lf `flnifi ik rnif
6=0
Ikl `hozwhonph fl wkpzkyh o{y{h# Lf d{pyn`nf ~ kl `fwnöh
6=;
Ikpz{îp ik Fwe{kifp# Ik @mnoghyk f Rnllf Kl Pflrfihw(Yh`f`mk
6=5
Inckwh ~ `mhlkh
6=>
Zhpbf`nh4 Kl fe{f kpyæ ikl hywh lfih
6>;
¸Ikgkohp ¸Ikgkoh p hlrnifw kl efohcflnpoh8 efohcflnp oh8 Yhifrïf ch
6>=
Zfwf nofencfw lf mnpyhwnf mf~ v{k ikdfw pnynh f lhp p{`kphwkp
7:6
Ofpf`wkp ik kcywk `fpf ~ ikoh`wf`nf ik rnpnyf
7:9
Ehhi G~k, Lkcnc& Mkllh, Wf`npo&
7:2
¸Lk llfofwkohp zneokcyh`wf`nf8 zneokcyh`wf`nf8
7:>
Ghg Lðzkt ~ kl l{efw ik lf f{ykcyn`nifi
767
Gnglnhewfbïf
76>
Zwðlheh
Unll~, `hoh llfofohp fl ih`yhw Dhpî E{nllkwoh C{ekcy Mkwwkwf v{nkckp lk v{kwkohp, ok mf zkinih v{k zwhlhe{k kpyf pke{cif kin`nðc ik Kl lfgkwncyh ik lf `mhlkifi # Pî v{k ch lh mf`k zhwv{k on hzncnðc ykcef zfwyn`{lfw wklkrfc`nf wklkrfc`nf ncyklk`y{fl# Cn pnv{nkwf zhwv{k mf~fohp `hozfwynih fle{cf rkt {cf zfwf oï ywfcpnyhwnf rnif f`fiîon`f# Ch# V{nkwh `wkkw, ~ fpï lh `wkh, v{k lh mf mk`mh zhwv{k mk pnih ykpyneh ikl ikpfwwhllh ik g{kcf zfwyk ik lhp ykofp ik kpyk lngwh ~ ik p{ fwe{okcyh `kcywfl, zfwyï`nzk ik {cf `hcrkwpf`nðc v{k kozktð mf`k `{fywh iî`fifp kc c{kpywfp kcywkykcnifp kcywkykcnifp `foncfyfp f lh lfweh ik yhif lf frkcnif Fwkv{nzf4 f rk`kp ikpik kl lh`fl ik lf Flnfctf Bwfc`kpf, kc kl `kcywh ik Lnof, f rk`kp ikpik kl Ncpyny{yh Nyflnfch Fcyhcnh Wfnohcin, fl ghwik ik lf frkcnif @{gf, llkeægfohp pnkozwk f fleôc `fbî h f fle{cf gfc`f ikl zfwv{k ik Onwflhwkp, pkeôc kl k}ne{h zwkp{z{kpyh ikl iïf, ihcik `hcync{ægfohp
inp`{ynkcih yhifrïf kogkgnihp mfpyf v{k lfp phcwnpfp ~ lhp wkv{nkgwhp ik fle{cf o{`mf`mf chp wkewkpfgf fl æwghl rkwik ik lf rnif# Pnkozwk zkcpî ’f inbkwkc`nf ikl zwhbkphw C{ekcy’ v{k lhp lngwhp phc phogwfp ik hgwfp, `hoh llfof H`yfrnh Zft f {cf `hlk``nðc ik p{p kcpf~hp, whgfcih zfwf kl yïy{lh {c rkwph ewnkeh ikl pnelh R, pn ch wk`{kwih ofl# Mh~ zfwf kpyk ’{c mh~ ik ~f rkncyk föhp, v{k kp kl ynkozh ywfcp`{wwnih ikpik p{ zwnokwf kin`nðc’, kl f{yhw pk mf zwkpyfih ikl Chgkl ok}n`fch kl chogwk ik p{ kcpf~h oæp nl{pywk, Kl lfgkwncyh ik lf phlkifi , ~ lk mf ifih {c enwh ik ncekcnh ’mhokcfdk, nlnf`nðc ~ fzwhznf`nðc’, ncrkcyfcih lf `mhlkifi, ckhlhenpoh
ikp`wnzynrh ~ `hc`kzy{fl v{k ~f mf kozktfih f mf`kw p{ `fonch phlh# Lh mf ncrkcyfih zfwf zkcpfw, zkcpfw, ch lf zkw{fcnifi, kpf fgpywf``nðc fgpywf``n ðc f rk`kp kc`{gwnihwf
[cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp
>
E{nllkwoh C{ekcy | Kl lfgkwncyh ik lf `mhlkifi
~ `ðozln`k, pnch f lf ekcyk zkw{fcf, mhogwkp ~ o{dkwkp v{k fv{ï, fllæ ~ oæp fllæ ywfyfohp ik rnrnw d{cyhp# Zhwv{k pkeôc ~h ik kph pk ywfyf kpyk lngwh# Ch yfcyh ik {cf wklk}nðc
phgwk kl pkw, v{k kp kl f`kcyh ikl zhkyf ~ kcpf~npyf ik Oî}n`h, `hlh`fih p{ îcbfpnp kc lf fcywhzhlðen`f ncynonifi zôgln`f ik p{ phlkifi ~ ik p{ nikcynifi, pnch oæp gnkc {c inp`{wph phgwk kl kpyfw, kpf `hcykozhwfcknifi zkwzlkdf
`hozfwynif zhw zkw{fchp ~ zkw{fcfp v{k ikp`{gwkc ’h z{kikc ikp`{gwnw’, d{cyhp, lhp `fonchp ik p{ lfgkwncyh ph`nfl, zfwf ik`nwlh fl{inkcih fl chogwk
ik {cf kpbhwtfif wkrnpyf ik lf iî`fif ik 6>=:# Fzwkcikw f rnrnw d{cyhp, fzwkcikw f ikp`{gwnw lh v{k `hozfwynohp,
fzwkcikw f wkpzkyfwchp# Yflkp phc lfp ohynrf`nhckp ik kpyk lngwh# [c flkefyh wfthcfih ~ zkwp{fpnrh `hcywf kl ikpzwk`nh ~, kc kpzk`nfl, `hcywf kpf p{zwkof bhwof zkw{fcf v{k kp kl `mhlkh, lh onpoh fgnkwyh v{k kc`{gnkwyh, ik ikwk`mf h ik ntv{nkwif, zkwnhiïpyn`h h f`fiîon`h, hinhph h zïh# Mk fv{ï p{ fwe{okcyh `kcywfl# Ik îl ikwnrfc p{p wklk}nhckp phgwk lfp inn`{lyfikp v{k ykckohp zfwf
inflhefw, zfwf `hozfwynw wkelfp ik rflnikt ekckwfl, zfwf `hcpyw{nw `hcpkcphp ~, lh oæp nozhwyfcyk, f{yhwnifikp lkeïynofp, kp ik`nw, ikoh`wæyn`fp# Kl lk`yhw pk phwzwkcikwæ ’`hoh ok mk phwzwkcinih ~h, v{k lh mk r{klyh f lkkw ikpz{îp ik yfcyh ynkozh’ ik lf f`y{flnifi ik lfp nikfp ~ lhp fwe{okcyhp fv{ï zwkpkcyfihp# K}z{kpyh `hoh kpyæ {ch f lkkw lngwhp ~ kcpf~hp v{k ch phgwkrnrkc lhp b{kehp bfy{hp ik p{p zwkpkcyf`nhckp, zwkpkcyf`n hckp, kpyk ynkck {cf `hcpnpykc`nf k}`kz`nhcfl# k}`kz`nhcfl# O{`mhp ik lhp ikgfykp zhlïyn`hp ik lhp ôlynohp föhp pk fcyn`nzfc kc kpyk lngwh zhw kc`hcywfw lfp bhwofp ik wfthcfonkcyh v{k p{g~f`kc ~ zkwi{wfc kc kl lkce{fdk zhlïyn`h ik lhp zkw{fchp ~ lfp
zkw{fcfp# Kcynkcih fmhwf zhw v{î mf p{p`nyfih yfcyh ncykwîp kc p{p lk`yhwkp oæp fzwhrk`mfihp, lhp fl{ochp {cnrkwpnyfwnhp, `{~f ikofcif hglnef f p{ wkkin`nðc, mk`mh v{k yny{lf f p{ f{yhw ’zhw pn mn`nkwf bflyf’ ik lh v{k pnkozwk p{znohp v{k kwf4 {c ofkpywh# ^ z{kih kcykcikw yfognîc kl pnlkc`nh ik p{p zfwkp, kpzk`nflokcyk ik fv{kllhp `{~fp nikfp pk fl{ikc fv{ï ik {c
6:
[cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp
Ncywhi{``nðc
ohih zhlîon`h, v{nkckp zfwf ch of`{lfw `hc {c ikgfyk wnkpehph p{ o{~ ywfgfdfih kpyfy{p hznch`wæyn`h, hznch`wæyn`h, mfc hzyfih zhw mf`kw ¡`hoh v{k lf rnwekc lkp
mfglf±, {cf rfwnfcyk v{kw{gïcn`f ikl zfyîyn`h wk`{wph ikl cnce{ckh# Mf`k o{~ gnkc kl Bhcih Kinyhwnfl ik lf [cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp kc rhlrkw f zhckw kc `nw`{lf`nðc kpyk lngwh zfwf lfp c{krfp ekckwf`nhckp# Mf`k o{~ gnkc# Kc g{kcf mhwf# Dhwek Cnkyh Ohcykpnchp
G{kchp Fnwkp, pkynkogwk ikl 7:67
[cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp
66
Ncywhi{``nðc
Rkncyk föhp ikpz{îp, ch pnc zkwzlkdnifi, kcywkeh lf pke{cif kin`nðc ik Kl lfgkwncyh ik lf `mhlkifi , {c kcpf~h v{k ncrnyf fl lk`yhw f wklk}nhcfw phgwk
c{kpywfp bhwofp ik `hch`nonkcyh ~ kpynlhp ik f``nðc hzkwfcykp kc kl o{cih kc v{k rnrnohp# Lf zkwykckc`nf f {cf `ho{cnifi cf`nhcfl kp yfognîc {c `hcd{cyh ik bhwofp kpzk`ïn`fp ik `hch`kw kl o{cih ~ pkw zfwyk ik îl# Kpyf `hcin`nðc kp
lf v{k zkwonyk ywftfw zfwk`nihp ~ k}ywföktfp kcywk lfp zkwphcfp, l{efwkp, wkenhckp ~ kl o{cih ik lhp hgdkyhp kc ekckwfl#
Kpyf c{krf kin`nðc, z{gln`fif `hc `h c kl Bhcih Kinyhwnfl ik lf [Z@, nc`l{~k ihp kcpf~hp, {ch ik kllhp ncîinyh, v{k `hozlkokcyfc kl zlfcykfonkcyh ncn`nfl ikl lngwh# Kl zwnokwh kp ¡Fzhlheïf ik Ghg Lðzkt -lh kpkc`nfl kp rnpnglk f lhp hdhp.±# Fmï k}zhceh, f zwhzðpnyh ikl `{kcyh ¡Flnkcf`nðc±, ik D{lnh Wfoðc Wngk~wh,
on z{cyh ik rnpyf f`kw`f ik lhp ewfihp ik ncykcpnifi ik lfp inbkwkc`nfp wf`nflkp ~ lf bhwof`nðc ik nikcynifikp ncinrni{flkp kc kl ywfpbhcih dkwæwv{n`h dkwæwv{n`h ik c{kpywf `{ly{wf zôgln`f# Kpyk ywfgfdh kp {cf kpzk`nk ik ck`kpfwnh ykw`kw
`fzïy{lh ik Kl lfgkwncyh ik lf `mhlkifi # On fpznwf`nðc kp v{k z{kif pkw lkïih kc `hcync{nifi `hc kl yk}yh `kcywfl ik kpyf z{gln`f`nðc# Kl pke{cih kcpf~h, ncîinyh, kp ¡Lhp fwe{okcyhp phgwk lf rnhlkc`nf±,
kp`wnyh kc 6>=>, fl v{k pk mf`k wkbkwkc`nf kc kl `fzïy{lh 7# Kc lf kin`nðc fcykwnhw ik Kl lfgkwncyh ik lf `mhlkifi , kpyk kcpf~h b{k `nyfih kc {cf chyf `hoh ofc{p`wnyh ncîinyh# Kpyk wk`{wph b{k {cf fzklf`nðc f lf g{kcf bk ikl f{inyhwnh# @hoh, f inbkwkc`nf ik lfp hywfp, ik lf g{kcf bk ch pk z{kik fg{pfw, z{kp gnkc, fv{ï kpyæ# Kp {c ncykcyh zhw hwikcfw ywkp inpyncyfp zkwpzk`ynrfp zkwpzk`ynrfp v{k
[cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp
60
E{nllkwoh C{ekcy | Kl lfgkwncyh ik lf `mhlkifi
kpy{rnkwhc kpy{rnkwhc zwkpkcykp kc lhp ikgfykp zôgln`hp kc lhp föhp oæp kpywkok`kihwkp ik lf rnhlkc`nf zhlïyn`f ~ lf ikgf`lk k`hcðon`f# Kpyf kin`nðc `hcynkck fikoæp {c zhpbf`nh kc kl v{k fewkeh fle{cfp `hcpnikwf`nhckp rkncyk rkncyk föhp ikpz{îp ik lf zwnokwf z{gln`f`nðc# Ikpik p{ zwnokwf kin`nðc `hc lf B{cif`nðc Kgkwy kc 6>>7, Kl lfgkwncyh ik lf `mhlkifi wk`henð nikfp v{k b{kwhc k}z{kpyfp ~ inp`{ynifp kc lhp pkoncfwnhp N ~ NN ikl Æwkf ik @{ly{wf kc lhp ihp pkokpywkp ik 6>>: kc lf Bf`{lyfi ik @nkc`nfp Ph`nflkp ik lf Zhcynn`nf [cnrkwpnifi @fyðln`f# @hozfwynw
ncv{nky{ikp ~ k}nekc`nfp `hc lhp kpy{infcykp ik lhp pkoncfwnhp ik kcyhc`kp b{k {c kpyïo{lh b{cifokcyfl zfwf kp`wngnw kpyfp zæencfp# Yfognîc y{rh p{ zfwyk kl ywfgfdh zkwnhiïpyn`h v{k kdkw`ï kc kpk zkwnhih# L{keh ik rkncyk föhp,
zkwofck`k on ewfyny{i mf`nf Wfbfkl Lkðc, @fwokc Whpf Inkt/@fcpk`h, Znlfw @fcykllf ~ @wnpyncf E{ynîwwkt# Lfp `hcrkwpf`nhckp v{k y{rnohp b{kwhc oæp pnecnn`fynrfp ik lh v{k `wk~kwhc# Kl yïy{lh, rflef lf hgrnkifi, kp {c mhokcfdk ywfrnkph fl koglkoæyn`h
kcpf~h ik H`yfrnh Zft phgwk kl Oî}n`h ikl pnelh ]], Kl lfgkwncyh ik lf phlkifi # Yfognîc, ~ phgwk yhih, {cf bhwof ik ewfyny{i f Oî}n`h, ihcik rnrï {chp föhp zlkchp fl ncn`nh ik on fi{lykt# Kpyk lngwh kp z{gln`fih z{gln` fih zhw kl Bhcih Kinyhwnfl ik lf [Z@# Zfwf oï, i{wfcyk lhp föhp v{k kpy{rk ifcih `lfpkp -¦6;, cfif okchp&. kl whpywh ncpyny{`nhcfl, pn `fgk ik`nw, b{k kl ik on ewfc fonef Ôwp{lf Bwk{ciy, ik`fcf ik lf Bf`{lyfi ik @ho{cn`f`nhckp# P{ `ælnif `hcnfctf kc on f`ynrnifi ih`kcyk b{k {c ewfc kpyïo{lh zfwf mf`kw `fif rkt okdhw on ywfgfdh# Kc kpk ynkozh yfognîc z{ik rkw
kl `wk`nonkcyh ikl @kcywh ik Ncbhwof`nðc, `hoh fmhwf pk llfofc lfp gnglnhyk`fp, ~ `hozfwynw fle{cfp ncv{nky{ikp gnglnðnlfp `hc p{ inwk`yhwf, Onlfewhp Ohwefc# Ohwefc#
Ik mk`mh, lf `hcpyfcyk ikofcif ik lhp kpy{infcykp zhw kpyk lngwh föh f föh b{k {c bf`yhw `lfrk zfwf ik`ninw {cf c{krf kin`nðc# On fewfik`nonkcyh yfognîc f Ofeif Pnohcp, lf f`y{fl wkpzhcpfglk ikl Bhcih Kinyhwnfl# P{ ekcynlktf ~ p{ z{l`wny{i kc kl ywfgfdh kinyhwnfl phc zhw ne{fl ikpyf`fglkp#
Lnof, fehpyh ik 7:67
69
[cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp
@fzïy{lh 64 Kl lfgkwncyh `hoh kpzf`nh ph`nfl
Ncyi{``ðc
Kc kpyk kcpf~h ywfyfohp ik fghwifw kl pne{nkcyk zwhglkof4 ¸`ðoh k}zln`fw {cf ph`nkifi v{k kc lfp zflfgwfp ~ lhp pkcynonkcyhp kp yfc b{kwykokcyk inp`wnoncfyhwnf inp`wnoncfyhwnf ~ v{k kc lf wkzwhi{``nðc ik lfp ncpyny{`nhckp, pnc kogfweh, o{kpywf {cf nc`hcykcnglk ykcikc`nf mf`nf lf b{pnðc8 Kpf ykcpnðc kcywk zflfgwfp v{k ch fl`fctfc f ohlikfw {cf wkflnifi ph`nfl ~ {c o{cih ik zwæ`yn`fp `hyninfcfp v{k ch lhewf f pkw zwhc{c`nfih zwhc{c`nf ih kp c{kpywf oæp yïzn`f `hcne{wf`nðc `{ly{wfl ik lfp ôlynofp iî`fifp#
Lfp fce{pynfp v{k okc`nhcfohp, lfp flkewïfp v{k pkcynohp ’v{k wfwf rkt ik`lfwfohp’1 lf ncinecf`nðc zôgln`f ~ lf ykwc{wf zwnrfif phc kpyfihp v{k wkp{lyfc wkp{lyfc inï`nlokcyk wk`hch`nglkp `hoh ncykewfcykp ncykewfcykp ik {cf phlf rnif `hlk`ynrf#
Lf nozhpngnlnifi ik rkw kc kl zwh~k`yh zwnrfih {c klkokcyh ik {cf of~hw {cnifi ph`nfl ch ck`kpfwnfokcyk z{kik pkw kl zwhi{`yh ik {cf `{lzf o{~ hgpkpnrf h {cf mnzh`wkpïf o{~ fohwfl# Ynkck v{k rkw `hc lf inn`{lyfi zwæ`yn`f ik ckefw v{k zkwykck`kohp f {cf o{~ kpzk`ïn`f `{ly{wf, f {c o{cih
ph`nfl v{k if {c pkcynih `hlk`ynr `h lk`ynrhh f c{kpywfp f``nhckp# Kc lfp pne{nkcykp lïckfp kcykcikwkohp kl yîwonch ¡`{ly{wf± ik kpyk ohih zwkbkwkcyk#
[cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp
6;
E{nllkwoh C{ekcy | Kl lfgkwncyh ik lf `mhlkifi
F nckp ik lf iî`fif ik 6>=:, {cf wkrnpyf z{gln`ð {cf kc`{kpyf wkflntfif
kcywk kl zôgln`h zkw{fch# Lf zwke{cyf gæpn`f kwf fleh fpï `hoh4 ¸{pyki pk v{kifwïf v{kifwïf f rnrnw kc kl Zkwô h zwkbkwnwïf rnrnw kc kl k}ywfcdkwh68 @hoh g{kcf zfwyk ik lhp ncykwwhefihp ncykwwhefihp wkpzhcinð wkpzhcinð v{k lkp kc`fcyfwïf nwpk f rnrnw f Kpyfihp [cnihp, K{whzf h``nikcyfl ~ hywhp zfïpkp ik Foîwn`f Lfyncf, lf `hc`l{pnðc fzfwkcyk kwf v{k kpyægfohp zfpfcih zhw {c ewfrk ohokcyh ik `wnpnp kc lf nikcynifi cf`nhcfl ~ hywfp k}zwkpnhckp zfwk`nifp# Lh ikpyf`fglk `hcpnpyïf `hcpnp yïf kc v{k o{`mhp, zfwyk ik lhp `hokcyfwnpyfp ik kpyhp wkp{lyfihp, kwfc zkwphcfp v{k mfgïfc wkpninih fleôc ohokcyh ik p{ rnif kc kl k}ywfcdkwh#
@{fcih kc lf {cnrkwpnifi zwke{cyfgf f lhp kpy{infcykp ik lhp ôlynohp pkokpywkp v{î zlfckp ykcïfc zfwf kl b{y{wh, `hc bwk`{kc`nf wkpzhciïfc v{k v{kwïfc rnfdfw fl k}ywfcdkwh zfwf `hcync{fw p{p kpy{inhp#
Pn f `hcync{f`nðc lkp ncykwwhefgf pn kpyfgfc kc `wnpnp ik nikcynifi `hlk`ynrf h ik cf`nhcflnifi, ekckwflokcyk ekckwfl okcyk pk ohpywfgfc o{~ phwzwkcinihp, `{fcih ch lkrkokcyk hbkcinihp# Kl kdkozlh ik lf kc`{kpyf v{k mnth fv{kllf okc`nhcfif wkrnpyf wkrnp yf wkrklf
{c fpzk`yh v{k kpyæ kc lf gfpk ik {cf pkwnk ik inp`{pnhckp phgwk lf zkwynckc`nf ik lf `{ly{wf ~ lhp ikwk`mhp kc kl Zkwô f`y{fl# H`{wwk v{k pn ~h v{nkwh nw fl k}ywfcdkwh f rnrnw zhw {c ynkozh ncikncnih, {ch, ihp, ywkp, inkt föhp, z{kik
pkw fleh ncykwkpfcyk, p{ekwkcyk, zwhokykihw# Zkwh pn rfwnhp hywhp onlkp ynkckc {c zwh~k`yh pnonlfw fl oïh, kcyhc`kp kcyhc`kp rnrnohp kc {c zfïp `hc {cf `wnpnp ik nikcynifi `hlk`ynrf# Kp k}ywföh# ¸Zhw v{î lh v{k kp lï`nyh ncinrni{flokcyk, ncinrn i{flokcyk, kpzk`nflokcyk kc v{nkckp pk h`{zfc ik kp`wngnw ykofp zfwk`nihp f kpyhp, wkp{lyfwïf pkw {cf ywfekinf pn b{kwf {cf zhpngnlnifi `hlk`ynrf8 Lf `wnpnp ik nikcynifi, zhw 6
Ikgfyk, Ikgfyk, rhl# ], cwh# ;7, pkynkogwk(h`y{gwk ik 6>==4 ¡[c pkcynonkc yh `fif rkt oæp k}ykcinih
zkwy{wgf kl rnrnw ik lhp zkw{fchp4 nwpk ikl zfïp# Ncokwphp kc kl rfnrîc ik {cf wkflnifi v{k `fif rkt hbwk`k okchp, kl ikpfwwfneh koznktf f pkw {cf hz`nðc±# Kp fikoæp kl ykof ik lf `fwæy{lf ik kpyk côokwh# Kp `{wnhph v{k fl inp`{ynw kpyhp ykofp pk `hcb{cifc lhp ikpkhp `hc wkflnifikp# ¸V{î mf~ ik zkwy{wgfihw kc v{k lf ekcyk ikpkk rnfdfw8, ¸zhw v{î ch pk fzln`fc kc`{kpyfp pkokdfcykp f lhp v{k rnfdfwhc ~ f`y{flokcyk rnrkc b{kwf ikl Zkwô8
62
[cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp
@fzïy{lh 6# Kl lfgkwncyh `hoh kpzf`nh ph`nfl
p{z{kpyh, ch kpyæ kc kl zwh~k`yh ik rnfdfw, pnch kc lf `hozlkyf inph`nf`nðc
kcywk {c zwh~k`yh zwh~k`yh ncinrni{fl ~ p{ wk`hch`nonkcyh wk`hch`nonkcyh `hlk`ynrh# Zhw {cf zfwyk, mf~ wfpehp ik {c wfthcfonkcyh v{k zhiwïf rfefokcyk wkonynwpk f lf ykhwïf ik lfp îlnykp zhlïyn`fp, yfl `hoh b{k zlfcykfih zhw Efkyfch Ohp`f ~ rfwnhp hywhp f{yhwkp kc lf zwnokwf iî`fif ikl pnelh ]] k{whzkh 7# Kpyk zlfcykfonkcyh `hcpnpyk kc ohpywfw v{k lf hzhpn`nðc `kcywfl ynkck l{efw kcywk lfp onchwïfp nl{pywfifp ~ o{`mki{ogwkp nechwfcykp, nechwfcykp, kc kl pkcynih ik nc`fzf`kp ik {cf ik`npnðc zhlïyn`f wfthcfglk# Zkwh, yfognîc, kpyf inph`nf`nðc kcywk lh ncinrni{fl ncinrn i{fl ~ lh `hlk`ynrh z{kik ykckw `hcpk`{kc`nfp of`fgwfp of`fgwfp `{fcih zfpfohp ik lfp efcfp ik {c rnfdk`nyh fl k}ywfcdkwh k}ywfcdkwh fl ykwwkch ik lf rnekc`nf ik lhp ikwk`mhp ik lfp zkwphcfp# Lf inpyfc`nf
kcywk lhp fcmklhp ncinrni{flkp ~ lfp wkflnifikp `hlk`ynrfp, kcywk lhp pkcynonkcyhp ~ lfp f``nhckp `hyninfcfp, `hcbhwof c{kpywf zfwyn`{lfw ofckwf ik fp{onw {c `fwæ`ykw ywæen`h ywæen`h kc lf inn`{lyfi zfwf wk`hch`kw lf ncywïcpk`f inbkwkc`nf kcywk lh
v{k `wkkohp kpyfw mf`nkcih ~ lfp `hcpk`{kc`nfp ik kpf f``nðc# Kl wkp{lyfih ik kpyk zfwyn`{lfw `fozh ik wkzwkpkcyf`nhckp `{ly{wflkp kp lf `hcne{wf`nðc ikl kpzf`nh kpzf`nh ph`nfl `hoh fleh v{k kpyæ o{~ f`kwyfifokcyk
pnoghlntfih kc lfp w{yfp ik ywfcpzhwyk zôgln`h kc lf `n{ifi ik Lnof, {c lfgkwncyh llkch ik rkwn`{kyhp, {c pï/zkwh/ch `hyninfcfokcyk `hyninfcfokcyk f`y{fih# C{kpywh kpzf`nh ch kp lf llfc{wf ik lf mhohekckntf`nðc ncinrni{flnpyf, ncinrni{flnpyf, cn lfp oôlynzlkp, zkwh nckv{ïrh`fp nckv{ïrh`fp `lfpnn`f`nhckp ik lf ph`nkifi `hlhcnfl
-fv{kllhp -fv{kllhp ynkozhp kc v{k {c `{fwykwðc ch zhiwïf pkw `hcb{cinih `hc {c zkcncp{lfw cn {c `wnhllh `hc {c pf`flfe{f.# Wkp{lyf kcyhc`kp v{k ch phohp ne{flkp, zkwh yfozh`h kp k}f`yh ik`nw v{k phohp ikpne{flkp# ¸V{î p{`kik8 Zfwf H`yfrnh Zft, kc p{ kcpf~h b{cifokcyfl phgwk lf cf`nhcflnifi ok}n`fcf, kcywk lhp zhlhp ik lf `ho{cnðc ~ lf phlkifi v{kifc ofw`fihp lhp
7
@bw# @bw# Ohp`f 6>=9# Yfognîc Ohp`f 6>5;# [cf rnpnðc ik `hcd{cyh ik lf hgwf ik kpyk f{yhw nyflnfch
z{kik kc`hcywfwpk kc Oknpkl 6>27# Mf~ {cf rkwpnðc kc `fpykllfch z{gln`fif zhw lf kinyhwnfl Fohwwhwy{#
[cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp
65
E{nllkwoh C{ekcy | Kl lfgkwncyh ik lf `mhlkifi
lncikwhp lncikwhp ik lf rnif ik lhp ok}n`fchp1 lf ncphcifglk ncinrni{flnifi, kl {cnrkwph ik lhp rflhwkp ~ pkcynonkcyhp zkwphcflkp kwfc lh kbk`ynrfokcyk ncfghwifglk bwkcyk f lf cnynikt ik lfp ncpyny{`nhckp zôgln`fp# Lf ne{wf ikl lfgkwncyh wkp{lyf oæp fzwhznfif zfwf wkzwkpkcyfw c{kpywh
zwhznh kpzf`nh ph`nfl, c{kpywh c{kpywh zwhznh inp`{wwnw `hlk`ynrh# Kc kl lfgkwncyh kl `fonch kp pno{lyæckfokcyk kl lïonyk1 ch mf~ `ðoh pfgkw pn {cf zfwki chp pnwrk zfwf ikykckwchp h zfwf pke{nw frfctfcih zhw hywhp w{oghp# Kc kl lfgkwncyh yhihp lhp `fonchp kpyæc kcywk`w{tfihp ~ pno{lyæckfokcyk pno{lyæ ckfokcyk glhv{kfihp, `fpn# Ekckwflokcyk pfgkohp ikl lfgkwncyh v{k ynkck {cf kcywfif ~ {c `kcywh, lf `{wnhpf okyf ik kpk rnfdk yhwy{hph v{k l{keh wk`lfof lf mfgnlnifi
zfwf wk`hcpyw{nw wk`hcpyw{nw kl `fonch wk`hwwnih# Phlh `{fcih pk mf llkefih fl `kcywh ynkck pkcynih wk`hcpyw{nw kl `fonch, z{kp fcykp ik kpk ohokcyh ¸`ðoh pk zhiwïf inpynce{nw kcywk {c `fonch ~ {cf gfwwkwf8 Kl lfgkwncyh, `hoh nofekc ncinrni{fl, {p{flokcyk mf pnih yhofih `hoh {cf wkbkwkc`nf zfwf lf lh`{wf# Ik {c ohih ywfcv{nlntfihw, v{nkwh zwk`npfw v{k ch kpyh~ fl{inkcih f {c lfgkwncyh zwnrfih# Ch, kpyk lfgkwncyh v{k kp c{kpywh kpzf`nh ph`nfl ch kpyæ h`{zfih zhw {c phlh ~ ikpkpzkwfih ncinrni{h1 kc wkflnifi, kp wk`hwwnih zhw rfwnhp onllhckp ik `hozfywnhyfp, ~ d{pyfokcyk zwke{cyfcih zhw lhp inrkwphp `fonchp wk`hwwnihp zhw `fif v{nkc
kp `hoh zhiwkohp ihoncfw ihoncfw fl lfgkwncyh# Lh `hcywfwnh, wkm{pfwpk f wk`hch`kw ~ `hcrkwpfw `hc v{nkc chp `w{tfohp, kp ikpfwwhllfw {cf ykw`f fz{kpyf zhw kl `fllkdðc pnc pflnif#
Ch kpyh~ okc`nhcfcih f {c lfgkwncyh v{k kp onwfih ikpik b{kwf ~ zhw fwwngf ’{cf `ðohif ~ bwk`{kcyk zkwpzk`ynrf zfwf in`yfoncfw phgwk lhp zwh/ glkofp cf`nhcflkp’# Mfglh ik {c lfgkwncyh v{k ch z{kik pkw rnpyh cn kcykcinih pnch phlh `{fcih pk zfwyn`nzf ~ ch ykckohp {c zfzkl v{k chp inef iðcik kpyæ kl ykphwh# Ck`kpfwnfokcyk ykckohp v{k zwke{cyfw f lhp ikoæp ~ d{cyfw yhifp lfp
ywf~k`yhwnfp zfwf kc`hcywfw {c ncywnc`fih `fonch, {cf wf`nhcfln ifi# Zkwh, fikoæp, {c lfgkwncyh ch kp ck`kpfwnfokcyk {cf ikpewf`nf1 kc ikykwoncfihp ywf~k`yhp z{kik pkwrnw zfwf inrkwynwpk h z{kik wkp{lyfw
6=
[cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp
@fzïy{lh 6# Kl lfgkwncyh `hoh kpzf`nh ph`nfl
kn`ft zfwf zwhykekwpk ik fokcftfp# Kpfp v{k rnkckc ik lhp oæp b{kwykp ~ yhwzkp, nc`fzf`kp ik wk`hch`kw lf ncncnifi ik p{ynlktfp v{k hbwk`kc
`fonchp fzfwkcykokcyk ne{flkp, ik lf zwkpkc`nf `fpn nozkw`kzynglk nozkw `kzynglk ik lhp ¡ncpnecnn`fcykp± zfwf lhp v{k kdkw`kc kl zhikw# zhikw#
Lip`oc`ðcikcikcmpy6>2: Kl lfgkwncyh, kpf `hcne{wf`nðc ik c{kpywh kpzf`nh ph`nfl, ch k}npyk ikpik pnkozwk# Z{kik ik`nwpk v{k kpk hwikcfih kinn`nh ’h `fykiwfl’ ik dkwfwv{ïfp ph`nflkp ph`nflkp v{k pk `hcphlnið i{wfcyk kl zkwnhih `hlhcnfl y{rh {cf
pnce{lfw ywfcpbhwof`nðc l{keh ik lf ncikzkcikc`nf# ncik zkcikc`nf# Lhp zwnokwhp föhp ik lf rnif wkz{gln`fcf pnwrnkwhc pnwrnk whc zfwf {cf ¡lhyntf`nðc± ikl zhikw ik lfp inrkwpfp ncpyfc`nfp kpyfyflkp# Lhp zhikwhphp
ik kcyhc`kp ch ykcïfc of~hwokcyk nofencf`nðc zfwf hywf `hpf v{k ch b{kwf wknrncin`fw p{ `hcin`nðc ik f`wkkihwkp fcyk kl Kpyfih, h lh v{k kpf zflfgwf z{inkwf pnecnn`fw i{wfcyk kl pnelh ]N]# Lhp `hcln`yhp ekckwfihp zhw lf bhwof`nðc ik lf @hcbkikwf`nðc Zkw{fch/
Ghlnrnfcf inkwhc znk f fle{cfp fle{ cfp z{llfp ik Zfwih ~ Flnfef `hcywf Pfcyf @w{t zhw p{ `hcin`nðc ik pkwwfch# Lhp ncykcyhp ik `lfpnn`f`nðc kcywk nciïekcfp pkwwfchp ~ `wnhllhp `hpyköhp ~f kcbwkcyfgfc kcbwkcyfgfc p{p zwnokwfp inn`{lyfikp#
Lf ncbhwof`nðc inpzhcnglk pköflf v{k i{wfcyk kl pnelh ]N] kl zhikw k`hcðon`h ~ zhlïyn`h pk ekckwð f ywfrîp ik ihp rïfp4 kl wk`{wph ik lf ik{if ncykwcf ikl Kpyfih ~ kl frfc`k ik lfp ewfcikp zwhznkifikp ykwwfykcnkcykp, kc kl `hcyk}yh ik `fpn yhyfl ncikbkcpnðc lkefl ik lfp `ho{cnifikp# Zkwh kc kpyk kcpf~h kcpf~h chp h`{zfwkohp ik hywh fpzk`yh ik kpk zwh`kph# Kc kl pnelh ]N] h`{wwk yfognîc fleh ik nozhwyfc`nf nozhw yfc`nf b{cifokcyfl v{k yhifrïf ch mf pnih p{n`nkcykokcyk p{n`nkc ykokcyk kpy{infih4 ikykwoncfihp ew{zhp
m{ofchp b{kwhc k}z{lpfihp### ikl ynkozh# Pï, ikl ynkozh# Lf k}`l{pnðc ik lfp `ho{cnifikp nciïekcfp kc lf `hpyf ~ kc lf pnkwwf ch pnecnn`ð ôcn`fokcyk {c ikpzhdh ik ynkwwf ~ ik ikwk`mhp zôgln`hp# Pnecnn`ð, phgwk yhih, fgwnw kl
[cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp
6>
E{nllkwoh C{ekcy | Kl lfgkwncyh ik lf `mhlkifi
kpzf`nh zfwf kpf nofekc, v{k fôc fmhwf pne{k rnekcyk kc fle{chp kpy{inhp phgwk kl ¡o{cih fcin fcinch±, ch±, ik kpyfw fcyk {c ynkozh ikykcnih, ¡`hceklfih± 0# Kpyf kp {cf ofckwf nozhwyfcyk ik krfl{fw v{k `nkwyfokcyk ch ynkck v{k rkw `hc kl zwhglkof ik ¡hywfp `{ly{wfp± v{k lf h``nikcyfl# Lhp b{c`nhcfwnhp kpzföhlkp ~ rnfdkwhp ikl pnelh ]RNNN ch ikp`wngkc f lf zhglf`nðc
nciïekcf kc yîwonchp ik {c ynkozh ikykcnih# ikyk cnih# F`fph pn kpf ikp`wnz`nðc pk mnth, b{k f zwhzðpnyh ik Lnof, Yw{dnllh ~ Fwkv{nzf, `n{ifikp v{k kwfc rnpyfp `hoh
kcr{klyfp kcr{klyfp zhw lf ohihwwf# Lh llfofynrh kp v{k lf zhglf`nðc w{wfl ch p{p`nyfgf, p{p`nyfgf, kc hgpkwrfihwkp ik hywhp ynkozhp, lf nofekc ik {c ynkozh v{k pk mfgïf `hceklfih kc kl pnelh ]RN# Kl o{cih ph`nfl `hlhcnfl, cn kl ik lhp ncn`nhp ik lf Wkzôgln`f mfgïfc ykcnih ck`kpnifi ik lfctfw f lf zhglf`nðc nciïekcf b{kwf ikl ynkozh# Kp ck`kpfwnh wk`hwifw v{k `fykehwïfp `hoh ¡kpzf`nh± ¡kpzf`nh± ~ ¡ynkozh± phc fcyk yhih klfghwf`nhckp ph`nhlðen`fp ph`nhlðen`fp ~ v{k lfp inbkwkc`nfp ekhewæn`fp nc`l{ph
phc k}zwkpnhckp ik inbkwkc`nfp ph`nhlðen`fp, ~ ch f lf ncrkwpf 9# Zhw lh yfcyh, `{fcih pk mfglf ik fw`fntf`nðc ik lf zhglf`nðc nciïekcf, lf k}zwkpnðc ikgk kcykcikwpk kc yhif p{ wfin`fl lnykwflnifi# Fl pkw k}z{lpfihp ikl wk`hch`nonkcyh d{wïin`h, zhlïyn`h, ph`nfl, b{kwhc yfognîc k}z{lpfihp ik lf mnpyhwnf# Pk lkp fpnecð {c ynkozh o{~ ikncnih, kl
ynkozh fw`fn`h, kl v{k phlh z{kik pkw `hcyfih zhw onlkcnhp h zhw pnelhp1 kl
0
@bw# @bw# G{wef 6>==4 04 ¡¸@{æl kp kl ok`fcnpoh ph`nfl zfwf okohwntfw k ncykwzwkyfw ncykwzwkyfw kl wk`{kwih
mnpyðwn`h kc kl Zkwô fcinch8 Kc kpyf zwnokwf zfwyk, f{cv{k zfwkt`f zfwkt `f k}fekwfif zwkykcpnðc, mkohp ncykcyfih onwfw lf mnpyhwnf pnc lf ncykwokinf`nðc ikl ih`{okcyh kp`wnyh# ¡Phlh kc lhp Fcikp, ihcik kl ohrnonkcyh ik lf wkflnifi zfwk`k `hceklfih, `hceklfih, kp zhpnglk kpyk kdkw`n`nh ncyklk`y{fl ~ kychewæn`h± -lfp `{wpnrfp phc c{kpywfp.# Lf zwke{cyf v{k ck`kpfwnfokcyk p{wek kp zhw v{î ¡kl ohrnonkcyh ik lf wkflnifi zfwk`k
`hceklfih± kc lhp Fcikp# Ikpewf`nfifokcyk kl f{yhw if zhw pkcyfih lh v{k kp kl oæp zwhglkoæyn`h fpzk`yh ik lf ncrkpynef`nðc zwhz{kpyf# @hcb{cik lh v{k kp lf nofekc hbwk`nif zhw {c zwkd{n`nh `hc lf k}nekc`nf ik ncykwzwkyfw kpk zwkd{n`nh# Kp k}ywföh v{k l{keh ik okinh pnelh ik
phpykcnihp ohrnonkcyhp onewfyhwnhp, ~ hywhp ohrnonkcyhp ph`nflkp, v{k rfc ikpik lf `wkf `nðc ik pncin`fyhp `fozkpnchp mfpyf lf fzfwn`nðc ik e{kwwnllfp kc {c kpzk`ywh v{k rf ikpik lf nlfcywhzïf fl ykwwhwnpoh, z{kif mfgkw zfwk`kwkp v{k `hcpnikwkc f lhp Fcikp f`y{flkp `hoh ¡`hceklfihp±# 9
7:
@bw# @bw# Pnookl 6>=2, `fz# >, ¡Kl kpzf`nh ~ lf ph`nkifi±, zz# 59: ~ pp# Lhp lïonykp ekhewæn`hp ~ ïpn`hp phc yflkp kc lf okinif kc v{k k}zwkpfc lïonykp ph`nflkp lhp ôcn`hp zwhznfokcyk yflkp#
[cnrkwpnifi Zkw{fcf ik @nkc`nfp Fzln`fifp
Pn ikpkf `hcync{fw lk~kcih, lk~kcih, z{kik fiv{nwnw kl lngwh kc bhwofyh bhw ofyh bïpn`h f ywfrîp ik c{kpywf ynkcif rnwy{fl#