EGD Tutorial Book GTU - Marwadi university

Engineering Graphics & design Department Department of Mechanical Engineering Marwadi Education Foundation

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Shri/Kum._______________________________________________________ Enro Enrolm lmen ent t No ____ ______ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __ of B.E. B.E. Firs First/ t/Se Seco cond nd Semester Semester _____________ _____________________ _____________ _____ branch has satisfactor satisfactorily ily completed the laboratory work in Engineering Graphics in the Academic Year___________

Date of Submission: _______________

________ ______ _ __ Lab-in-Charge

____ ______ ____ ________ __ Head of department

_________________ Examiner


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(Practical Manual)

Grades Dates Sr. No.

Term Work

Sign. Start

1

Practice Sheet

2

Scale Problems

3

Loci of Points (Only

/

Out 0f

End

10

Sketch book) 4

Engineering Curves

5

Projection of Line

6

Projection of Plane

7

Projection of Solid, Section Section of Solid and development of surfaces

8

Orthographic Pr Projection

9

Isometric Projection

10

Orthographic drawing using AutoCAD


Marks

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Drawing Instruments (to purchase) Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Name of Instrument Mini Drafter Setsquare (45◦ , 30◦- 60◦) Lead Pencil (2H grade only for any Engineering Drawing) Compass with attached lead pencil Circle master (Rectangle shape) Drawing clips Eraser Sheet Container Handkerchief Stencil Sketchbooks (A3 Size) Drawing Sheets (A2 Size) (420mm * 594mm)

Quantity 01 01 set 01 01 01 04 01 01 01 01 03 08

Advisable book to keep along with you 1. Engi Engine neer ering ing Grap Graphi hics cs By By R.L.Jhala (Mc Graw Hill)

Other books for reference 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Engi Engine neer ering ing Grap Graphi hics cs By By P. J. J. Shah Shah Engine Engineeri ering ng Draw Drawing ing by N. N. D. Bhat Bhattt Machin Machinee Draw Drawing ing by N. N. D. Bhatt Bhatt Engine Engineeri ering ng Graphi Graphics cs by Arunod Arunoday ay Kumar Kumar Engineer Engineering ing Drawing Drawing by Dhananjay Dhananjay A. Jolhe Engineer Engineering ing Drawing Drawing with with an introduc introduction tion to AutoCAD AutoCAD By S.N.Lal S.N.Lal


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Drawing Board Until recently drawing boards used are made of well-seasoned softwood of about 25 mm thick with a working edge for T-square. Nowadays mini-draughters are used instead of T-squares which can be fixed on any board. The standard size of board depends on the size of drawing sheet size required.

Mini Drafter Mini-draughter consists of an angle formed by two arms with scales marked and rigidly hinged to each other. It combines the functions of T-square, set-squares, scales and protractor. It is used for drawing horizontal, vertical and inclined lines, parallel and perpendicular lines and for measuring lines and angles.

Pencils Pencils with leads of different degrees of hardness or grades are available in the market. The hardness or softness of the lead is indicated by 3H, 2H, H, HB, B, 2B, 3B, etc. The grade HB denotes medium hardness oflead used for general purpose. The hardness increases as the value of the numeral before the letter H increases. The lead becomes softer, as the value of the numeral before B increases

Engineering Graphics & design Department of Mechanical Engineering Marwadi Education Foundation

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BIS : SP : 46 : 2003 Introduction Engineering drawings are prepared on standard size drawing sheets. The correct shape and size of the object can be visualised from the understanding of not only its views but also from the various types of lines used, dimensions, notes, scale etc. For uniformity, the drawings must be drawn as per certain standard practice. Here we have some of the abstract which deals with the drawing practices as recommended by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) SP: 46:2003. These are adapted from what is followed by International Standards Organisation (ISO). Drawing Sheet

Drawing Sheets Formats Lines (IS 10714 (part 20): 2001 and SP 46: 2003) : Just as in English textbook the correct words are used for making correct sentences; in Engineering Graphics, the details of various objects are drawn by different types of lines. Each line has a defmite meaning and sense toconvey. IS 10714 (Pint 20): 2001 (General principles of presentation on technical drawings) and SP 46:2003 Specify the following types of lines and their applications: • Visible Outlines, Visible .Edges : (Continuous wide lines) The lines drawn to represent the visible outlines/ visible edges / surface boundary lines of objects should be outstanding in appearance. • Dimension Lines: (Continuous narrow Lines) Dimension Lines are drawn to mark dimension. • Extension Lines: (Continuous narrow Lines) There are extended slightly beyond the respective dimension lines. • Construction Lines: (Continuous narrow Lines) Construction Lines are drawn for constructing drawings and should not be erased after completion of the drawing. • Hatching / Section Lines: (Continuous Narrow Lines) Hatching Lines are drawn for the sectioned portion of an object. These are drawn inclined at an angle of 45° to the axis or to the main outline of the section. • Hidden edges / Hidden outlines of objects are shown by dashed lines of short dashes of equal lengths of about 3 mm, spaced at equal distances of about 1 mm. the points of intersection of these lines with the outlines / another hidden line should be clearly shown.


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• Center Lines: (Long-Dashed Dotted Narrow Lines) Center Lines are drawn at the center of the drawings symmetrical about an axis or both the axes. These are extended by a short distance beyond the outline of the drawing. • Cutting Plane Lines: Cutting Plane Line is drawn to show the location of a cutting plane. It is long-dashed dotted narrow line, made wide at the ends, bends and change of direction. The direction of viewing is shown by means of arrows resting on the cutting plane line. • Border Lines : Border Lines are continuous wide lines of minimum thickness 0.7 mm

BIS STANDARD ”

“

Note: Letter height for title= 8 mm, for detail= 5mm

SECTION 5 SCALES [BASED ON IS 10713: 1983/1SO 5455: 1979]

CATEGORY

RECOMMENDED SCALES

ENLARGEMENT SCALES

50: 1 5:1

FULL SIZE

1:1

REDUCTION SCALES

1:2 1: 20 1: 200 1: 2000

20: 1 2:1

10:1

1: 5 1:50

1:10 1:100 1:1000 1:10000

1:500 1: 5000

NOTE - IN EXCEPTIONAL CASES WHERE FOR FUNCTIONAL REASONS THE RECOMMENDED SCALES CANNOT BE APPLIED, INTERMEDIATE SCALES MAY BE CHOSEN.


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TYPES OF LINE AND THEIR APPLICATIONS No.

LINE DESCRIPTION & REPRESENTATION

APPLICATION

CONTINUOUS THICK LINE

VISIBLE OUTLINES

CONTINUOUS THIN LINE

DIMENSION LINES

1

LEADER LINES EXTENSION LINES CONSTRUCTION LINES

2

OUTLINES OF ADJACENT PARTS HATCHING LINE REVOLVED SECTIONS CONTINUOUS THIN WAVY 3

IRRREGULAR BOUNDARY LINES SHORT BREAK LINES

SHORT DASHES MEDIUM

HIDDEN OUTLINES AND EDGES

LONG CHAIN THIN

CENTRE LINES

4

LOCUS LINES PITCH CIRCLES 5

EXTREME POSITIONS OF MOVEABLE PARTS PARTS SITUATED IN FRONT OF CUTTING PLANES LON LONG CH CHAIN AIN THI THIC CK AT AT END ENDS S AND AND THIN HIN ELS ELSE E WHE WHERE RE

CUTTI UTTIN NG PLA PLANE NE LINE LINES S

6 LONG CHAIN THICK 7 CONTINUOUS THIN WITH ZIG-ZAGS

TO INDICATE SURFACES WHICH ARE TO RECEIVE ADDITIONAL TREATMENT

LONG BREAK LINES

8

Note: Letter height for title= 8 mm , for detail= 5mm


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DIMENSIONNING: Consider the following points while dimensioning •

All dimensions dimensions necessary necessary to define define an object or component must be clearly marked marked on the drawing.

•

Each Each feature feature of the object object shall shall be dimension dimensioned ed only once once on a drawing. drawing.

•

Dimensions are placed on the view that the corresponding features are shown more clearly.

•

Each drawing shall shall use the same unit unit (for example mm) for all all dimensions. dimensions.

•

Dimension lines lines are placed placed in such a way that that they do not cross cross each other.

•

Dimension lines are placed outside the drawing except in special special cases where marking inside inside the drawing is readable.

1. Aligned method

The dimension figures are placed so that they t hey are readable from the bottom and right side of the drawing. EXAM EXAMPL PLE E:

Dimension of length of length using aligned using aligned method. method. In this method of dimensioning, the text should be placed aligning to the dimension line, satisfying the following conditions: The dimension values should be: 1. Place Placed d parre parrell to the the dimen dimensio sion n line. line. 2. Place Placed d above above the dime dimensi nsion on line line.. : the dimen 3.EXAMPLE Not touchi touching ng dimensio sion n line. line. angle using method. 4.Dimension Place Placed d atof the middle middle of of aligned the dimen dimensio sion n line line as far as possible.

5. Place Placed d in suc such h a way that that it can can be rea read d either from the bottom or right hand side of the drawing. 6. Plac Placed ed as indi indica cate ted d in in figu figure re..


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2. Unidirectional method

The dimension figures are placed so that they can be read from the bottom of the drawing. EXAMPLE :

Dimension of length using unidirectional method.

In this method of dimensioning, the text should be placed vertical, satisfying the following conditions: The dimensional values should be: 1. Placed Placed above above the horizonta horizontall dimens dimension ion lines and at the middle as far as possible, without interrupting the dimension line. 2. Place Placed d art the the middle middle by interr interrupt upting ing the the dimension line, for non-horizontal (vertical and inclined) dimension lines. 3. Place Placed d in such such a way that that it can can be read read from the bottom side. 4. Place Placed d as show shown n on figu figure re for for angula angularr dimensioning. EXAMPLE :

Dimension of angle using unidirectional method.


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To draw in sketch book:


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1.

To make 12 equal parts of circle. Take Radius=40mm

Method 1: Step 1: Draw the given circle with centre O’ and radius R40’. Step 2: Draw two diameters A 3-A9 and A6-A12 perpendicular to each other. With centre as A12 radius R40’, draw arcs intersecting the given circle at points A2 and A10 . Step 3: With centre A3 and same radius draw arcs intersecting the circle at points A1 and A5 Similarly obtain points A4 and A8 with centre as A6 and obtain points A11 and A7 with centre A9. Step 4: Points A1, A2,……. A12 divide the circle into 12 equal parts. Engineering Graphics & design Department of Mechanical Engineering Marwadi Education Foundation

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Method 2:

0

0

Step 1: Draw the given circle with centre O’ and radius R40’. Adjust a 30 - 60 touching the working edge PQ of T-square, making 30 angle and hypotenuse passing through O’ to get points 6 and 12. Similarly obtain points 2 and 8. 0

Step 2: Arrange the set square touching the lowered working edge P`Q` of the T-square making angle 60 and hypotenuse passing thorugh O’ to get points 3 and 9. Step 3: Points 1, 2, 3,….. 12 divide the given circle into 12 equal parts.


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0

2.

To make 08 equal parts of circle. Take Radius=40mm

Method 1: Step 1: Dr aw the given circle with centre  C’ and radius R40’. Step 2: Draw two diameters 0-4 and 2-6 perpendicular to each other. Step 3: Keep radius constant and make 0 as centre and make arc outside the circle (on right hand side). Now make 2 as centre and make arc outside circle which intersects the arc made by 0 at any point. Step 4: Similarly follow above step to make arc through all other three quadrants and you will obtain points 1, 3, 5, 7 by joining the arc. Engineering Graphics & design Department of Mechanical Engineering Marwadi Education Foundation

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Method 2: Step 1: Draw the given circle with centre C’ and radius R40’. Step 2: Draw two diameters 0-4 and 2-6 perpendicular to each oth er. Step 3: Draw the given circle with centre O’ and radius R40’. Adjust a 45 0 angle on T-square and let its hypotenuse pass thro ugh centre. Draw a line through centre which acts as diameter cutting circle at points 3 and 7. Step 4: Arrange the set square touching the lowered working of the T-square making angle 450 and hypotenuse passing through O’ to get points 1 and 5.

3.

To make 9 equal parts of line. Length of line = 112 mm

A line AB has a length 1 12 mm. Divide it graphically into 9 equal parts. Step 1: Draw a horizontal line AB= 112 mm. Step 2: Draw another thin line AC at any inclination (about 200 to AB) as shown in figure. Using a divider mark off 9 equal dividions (one dividions length= 1/9 of AB approx imately) on AC. Join 9 and B, and draw p arallel lines to the line 9-B from points 1,2, 3,… etc., to get the points 1‘, 2‘, 3‘,… etc., on AB. Use mini drafter to draw the parallel lines. Step 3: Points 1‘, 2‘, 3‘,…. Etc. divide the line AB into 9 equal parts. Engineering Graphics & design Department of Mechanical Engineering Marwadi Education Foundation

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4.

Perpendicular Bisector of a line AB.

5.

Bisect an arc AB

Step 1: Draw the given line AB of 50 mm.

Step 1: Draw the given arc AB.

Step 2: With A as centre and radius equal to more than half the length of AB, draw arcs on either side of AB. With B’ as centre and same radius, draw arcs on either side of AB to intersect previous arc at P’ and Q’.

Step 2: With A’ as centre and radius equal to more than half the length of AB, draw arcs on either side of A B. With B’ as centre and same radius, draw arcs on either side of AB to intersect previous arc at P’ and Q’.

Step 3: Join P’ and Q’ which is intersecting AB at C’. Point C’ bisects the line AB and line PQ is perpendicular to AB. Hence line PQ is the perpendicular bisector of line AB.

Step 3: Join P’ and Q’ which is intersecting AB at C’. Point C’ bisects the arc AB.


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6. Bisect an angle Step 1: Draw the given angle A BC. Step 2: With B as centre and an y convenient radius draw an arc DE. With E’ as centre and any radius draw an arc. With D’ as centre and same r adius draw another arc to intersect the previous arc at O’. Step 3: Join B and O’ which is the angle bisector of angle ABC


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Definition of Polygon: In geometry a polygon is traditionally a plane figure that is bounded by a finite chain of straight line segments closing in a loop to form a closed chain or circuit .

7.

To draw polygons using protractor. Length of side = 50mm


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8. To draw polygons for given length of one side. Take length of side = 50 mm.

To construct a regular figure of given side length and of N sides on a straight line. 1. Draw the given straight line AB. 2. At B erect a perpendicular BC equal in length to AB. 3. Join AC and where it cuts the perpendicular bisector of AB, number the point 4. 4. Complete the square ABED of which AC is the diagonal. 5. With radius AB and centre B describe arc AC as shown. 6. Where this arc cuts the vertical centre line numbers the point 6. 7. This is the centre of a circle inside which a hexagon of side AB can now be drawn. 8. Bisect the distance 4-6 on the vertical centre line. 9. Mark this bisection 5. This is the centre in which a regular pentagon of side AB can now be drawn. 10. On the vertical centre line step off from point 6 a distance equal in length to the distance 5-6. This is the centre of a circle in which a regular heptagon of side AB can now be drawn. 11. If further distances 5-6 are now stepped off along the vertical centre line and are numbered consecutively, each will be the centre of a circle in which a regular polygon can be inscribed with sice of length AB and with a number of sides denoted by the number against the centre.


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8.1 Inscribe Circle Method

Step 1: Draw the Line AB=40 mm . With A as a centre and radius equal to AB draw a semi circle Named BP. Step 2: Make 5 Equal part of circle with the help of Divider. And provide name od division as point….1,2,3,4,5. Step 3 : Draw perpendicular bisection OF AB and A2 intersecting each other at “O”. Now with “O” as centre and radius equal to OA draw a circle. Step : 4 Now starting with “ B ’ and radius equal to AB mark point on the c ircle named as C,D, and 2. Join the lines BC,CD and 2A to complete the pentagon.


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8.2 Semi Circle Method

Step 1: Draw the Line AB=40 mm . With A as a centre and radius equal to AB draw a semi circle Named BP. Step 2 : Draw an arc with ‘B’ as centre and radius equal to AB, intersecting the line A4 extended at ‘C’ . Similarly with ‘C’. Similarly with ‘C’ as centre and same radius, draw an arc intersecting the line A4 – extended at ‘C’ . Similarly , locate the point ‘ D’ Step: 3 Join the line BC,CD,D2 to complete the Pentagon.


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8.2 Special Method: 3 Circle Method

Step 1: Draw the Line AB=40 mm . Step 2 : With ‘A’ as centre and Radius AB draw the Circle 1. Step 3 : With ‘B’ as centre and same radius draw the circle 2. Step 4 : Circle 1 and 2 are intersecting each other at points ‘P’ and ‘Q’ Step 5 : With ‘P’ as centre and same radius draw an arc to intersect circle 1 and 2 at R and S respectively. Step 6 : Join PQ to intersect arc RS as T. Step 7 : join R-T and extend it to intersect circle 2 at point ‘C’. Step 8 : Join S-T and extend it to intersect circle 1 at point E, Step : 9 With ‘C’ and ‘E’ as centre and same radius, draw arcs intersecting each other at point ‘D’ Join BC, CD, DE, and EA to complete the regular pentagon.


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9. To construct a regular polygon (say a hexagon) given the side AB – alternate method. Construction

Step 1: Draw the Line AB=40 mm . With A as a centre and radius equal to AB draw a semi circle Named BP. Step 2 : Draw an arc with ‘B’ as centre and radius equal to AB, intersecting the line A5 extended at ‘C’ . Similarly with ‘c’. Similarly with ‘C’ as centre and same radius, draw an arc intersecting the line A4 – extended at ‘D’ . Similarly , locate the point ‘ E’ 9.1 To construct a regular a hexagon : With Help of Compass Step: 3 Join the line BC,CD,DE, E2 to complete the Hexagon.


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9.1 To construct a regular a hexagon : With Help of Compass

Step 1: Draw a Circle with radius equal to length of the side of the hexagon Step 2 : Draw one of the diameter and name it as AD. Now With ‘A’ as Centre as same radius drawn an arc to intersect the circle at point ‘B’ and ‘F’. Step 3 : Similarly With ‘D’ as centre same radius drawn an arc to intersect the circle at point ‘C’ and ‘E’. Step 4 : join AB,BC,CD,EF and FA to complete the regular hexagon.


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Sheet - 1 Practice Sheet (To draw in Sketch Book and Sheet) 1. Draw All polygon from Pentagon to Octagon of Edge Length 40 mm. 2. Prepare Table of Types of Lines with all notations. 3. Draw Title Block. 4. Explain Dimensioning Methods with Suitable Example. 5. Bisect Line, Arc, Angle. 6. 12 & 8 Equal parts of a Circle.


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Introduction to Loci of Points The word 'Loci' is plural of the word 'Locus'. Locus of a point is path traced out by the point while moving in a plane or space according to agiven law. Draw the Loci of Point of Point This problem is only for Practice in sketch book and this is the part of Bridge Course please dont cover more problem form chapter Loci of Points.

In a slider crank chain OBA as shown in Figure the crank OB is 350 mm long and the connecting rod BA is 1050 mm long. Plot the loci of point P where point P is on the connecting rod 350 mm from B.


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To draw in Sketch Book only 1.

Find the locus of a point P, moving in a plane, keeping its distances equal from two fixed circles. Here the two fixed circles are (O 1, 50) and (O2, 30). Take distances between O1 and O2 as 110 mm.

2.

OBA is a simple slider crank chain. OB is a crank of 30 mm length. BA is a connecting rod of 90 mm length. Slider A is sliding on a straight path passing through point O. Draw the locus of the mid-point of the connecting rod AB for one complete revolution of the crank OB.

3.

O1 ABO2 is a four bar chain with the link O1O2 as the fixed link. Driving crank O 1A is 30 mm long. Driven crank O 2B is also 30 mm long. Connecting link AB is 90 mm long. Distance between O 1 and O2 is 90 mm. two cranks are rotating in opposite directions.draw the loci of points P and R for one complete revolution of the driving crank. The point P is the mid point of the connecting link AB and the point R is 35 mm from A on BA extended.

4.

The crank O1A is 35 mm long and rotates about the point O 1 in the clockwise direction. The link AB is connected to the crank by turning pair at the point A. the link AB glides/slides over a fixed cylinder for which the circle (O 2,25). O1O2 = 100 mm, AB = 140 mm, AC = 15 mm ; BC = 155 mm. draw the loci of the points B and C for one revolution of the crank.


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SCALE Reducing and Enlarging Scales Objects which are very big in size can not be represented in drawing to full size. In such cases the object is represented in reduced size by making use of reducing scales. Reducing scales are used to represent objects such as large machine parts, buildings, town plans etc. A reducing scale, say 1: 10 means that 10 units length on the object is represented by 1 unit length on the drawing. Similarly, for drawing small objects such as watch parts, instrument components etc., use of full scale may not be useful to represent the object clearly. In those cases enlarging scales are used. An enlarging scale, say 10: 1 means one unit length on the object is represented by 10 units on the drawing.

The designation of a scale consists of the word. SCALE, followed by the indication of its ratio as follows. (Standard scales are shown in Fig. 3.1) Scale 1: 1 for full size scale Scale 1: x for reducing scales (x = 10,20 ...... etc.,) Scale x: 1 for enlarging scales. Representative Fraction The ratio of the dimension of the object shown on the drawing to its actual size is called the Representative Fraction (RF).

Its actual size F or example, if an actual length of3 metres of an object is represented by a line of 15mm length on the drawing

If the desired scale is not available in the set of scales it may be constructed and then used. Metric Measurements 10 millimetres (mm) = 1 centimetre( cm) 10 centimetres (cm) = 1 decimetre(dm) 10 decimetre (dm) = 1 metre(m) 10 metres (m) = 1 decametre (dam) 10 decametre (dam) = 1 hectometre (bm) 10 hectometres (bm) = 1 kilometre (km) 1 hectare = 10,000 m2


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Types of Scales The types of scales normally used are: 1. Plain scales. 2. Diagonal Scales. 3.vernier Scale 4.scale of chord Plain Scales

A plain scale is simply a line which is divided into a suitable number of equal parts, the fIrst of which is further sub-divided into small parts. It is used to represent either two units or a unit and its fraction such as km and bm, m and dm, cm and mm etc. Diagonal Scales .

Plain scales are used to read lengths in two units such as metres and decimetres, centimetres and millimetres etc., or to read to the accuracy correct to first decimal. Diagonal scales are used to represent either three units of measurements such as metres, decimetres, centimetres or to read to the accuracy correct to two decimals. Principle of Diagonal Scale (Fig 3.6) 1. Draw a line AB and errect a perperrdicular at B. 2. Mark 10 equi-distant points (1,2,3, etc) of any suitable length along this perpendicular and mark C. 3. Complete the rectangle ABCD 4. Draw the diagonal BD. 5. Draw horizontals through the division points to meet BD at l' , 2' , 3' etc. Considering the similar triangles say BCD and B44'


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Thus, the lines 1-1',2 - 2', 3 - 3' etc., measure O.lCD, 0.2CD, 0.3CD etc. respectively. Thus, CD is divided into 1110 the divisions by the diagonal BD, i.e., each horizontal line is a multiple of 1110 CD. This principle is used in the construction of diagonal scales. Note: B C must be divided into the same number of parts as there are units of the third dimension in one unit of the secondary division.

Problem 2 : on a plan, a line of 22 em long represents a distance of 440 metres. Draw a diagonal scale for the plan to read upto a single metre. Measure and mark a distance of 187 m on the scale.


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Sheet 2 - Scale Problems (To draw in Sketch Book and any 3 problems in Sheet) 1. Construct a scale 1:50 to read upto 7 meters and decimeters. show on it a distance of 5.9 meters. 2. Construct the plain scale of R.F. 1:50 to show metres and decimeters and long enough to measure the length of 4 metres and 9 decimeters. Mark on the scalefollowing distances 1) 2.5 metres 2) 4 metres and 2 decimeters. 3. The length of the Khandala tunnel on the Mumbai-Pune expressway is 330m. On the road map, it is shown by a 16.5 cm long line. Construct a scale to show meter and to measure up to 500m. Shows the length of a 289 meter long on the expressway. 4. Construct a diagonal scale of RF = ½ to show millimetere and centi-metere to measure upto 35 centimetre. show on the scale a distance of 23.6 centimetre. 5. Draw scale of 1:60 to show meters and decimeters and long enough to measure up to 6 meters. Show 3.4 m & 5.9 m on it. 6. Construct a diagonal scale of representative fraction = (1/36) showing yard, foot and inch. Scale should be long enough to measure 5 yard.. Measure 3 yard, 2 foot, and 9 inch.


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Sheet 3 - Engineering Curves Problems (To draw in Sketch Book and any 4 problems in Sheet) 1. Draw an ellipse having major axis 120 mm and minor axis 80 mm by using half ellipse by rectangle method and other half by concentric circle method.

2. A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls along a straight line without slipping. Draw the curve traced out by point P on the periphery of the circle. Take the initial position of the point at the bottom on the vertical center line of the circle. Name the curve and also draw the normal and the tangent to the curve at suitable point on curve.

3. A string is kept tight while unwinding it from a pentagonal prism which is resting withits base on HP. If 125mm long string can be unwound in one turn, name the path tracedby the end point of the string.

4. Construct the involute of a hexagon of side 20 mm. Draw the tangent and normal to the involute at any point. 5. Draw the inferior epitrochoid generated by the moving point P which is 25 mm from the Centre of the rolling circle. Take the rolling circle radius as 30 mm and the directing circle radius as 90 mm. The rolling circle rolls for one rotation without slippage. Draw tangent and normal to the curve at any point on the curve. 6. Draw an Archemedian spiral of 1.5 convolutions, the greatest and least radii being125 mm and 35 mm respectively. Draw tangent and normal to the spiral at any point on the curve.


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Sheet 4 - Projection of Line Problems (To draw in Sketch Book and any 4 problems in Sheet) 1. A line AB 90 mm long is inclined at 30º to the HP. Its end A is 12 mm above the HP and 20 mm in front of VP. Its front view measures 65 mm. Draw the top view of AB and state its length. Determine the inclination of top view and line AB with VP. 2. A line AB measures 80 mm in top view and 70 mm in front view. The midpoint M of the line is 45 mm in front of VP and 35 mm above HP. The end A is 10 mm infront of VP. Draw the projections of the line and find its true length and inclination with HP and VP. 3. A line AB is 80 mm ling. It is inclined at an angle of 45º to the Horizontal Plane and 30º to the Vertical Plane. The end A is 20 mm above Horizontal Plane and in front of Vertical Plane. Draw the projections of the line and also write Elevation Length and Plan length of the line. 4. A line CD has its end C is 15 mm above HP and 10 mm in front of VP. The endD is 60 mm above HP. The distance between the end projectors is 50 mm. The line is inclined to HP by 25 º. Draw the projections and find its inclination withVP and true length of line CD. 5. The front view of a line AB, 90mm long, measures 65 mm. Front view is inclined to XY line by 45°. Point A is 20 mm below H.P. and on V.P. Point B is in third quadrant. Draw the projections and find inclinations of line with H.P. and V.P. 6. The distance between end projectors of the straight line KL is 48 mm. The end K is 20 mm below H.P and 25 mm behind V.P. The end L is 12 mm above H.P. and 40 mm infront of V.P. Draw the projections and finds the true length of the l ine. 7. A straight AB has its end A 10 mm above HP and end B 50 mm in front of the V.P. 0 0 Draw the projections of line AB, if it is inclined to H.P. by 30 and to V.P. by 45 and it is 50 mm long.


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Sheet 5 - Projection Of Plane Problems (To draw in Sketch Book and any 4 problems in Sheet) 1. A regular pentagonal plate is resting in V.P. on one of its sides with surface making o o an angle 45 with V.P. The side on which it rests on V.P. makes 60 with H.P. Draw the projections of pentagonal plate having the side 30 mm. 2. A thin 30º-60º set square has its longest edge is 80 mm in the VP and inclined at 45ºto the HP. Its surface makes an angle of 60º with the VP. Draw its projections. 3. A semi-circular thin plate of 60 mm diameter rests on the Horizontal Plane on its o diameter, which is inclined at 45 to the Vertical Plane and the surface is inclined at o 30 to the Horizontal plane. Draw the projections of the plate. 4. A rhombus is having its diagonals 100 mm and 50 mm long. Draw the projections of o the rhombus when the longer diagonal is inclined at 30 to the Horizontal Plane and o 30 to Vertical Plane. 5. A circular plane having the diameter 75 mm is resting with point A of its periphery on HP. The surface of the plane is inclined to HP such that the plan of the plane becomes an ellipse with minor axis 30 mm. Draw the projection of the plane when the plan of the diameter through point A is inclined at 30º to VP and the Centre of the plane is 50 mm from VP. Find the inclination of the plane with HP. 6. A regular hexagonal lamina (Plate) 50 mm side is resting on one of its corner in HP (OR is resting on HP such that two of its edges parallel to VP). The diagonal through 0

the corner is inclined at 40 to HP and (A) Plan of that diagonal inclined to VP by 30

0

0

deg and (B) Diagonal is inclined at 30 to VP.


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Sheet 6 - Projection Of Solid, Section of Solid Problems & Development of Surfaces (To draw in Sketch Book and any 5 problems in Sheet) 1. A hexagonal pyramid, side of the base 25 mm long and height 70 mm resting on HP on its side, has one of its triangular faces perpendicular to the HP and inclined at 60º to VP. Draw its projections. 2. A pentagonal pyramid of 35 mm base edge and 70 mm height is resting on the Horizontal Plane with one of its triangular surfaces perpendicular to the Horizontal Plane and parallel and nearer to Vertical Plane. Draw its projections. 3. A cube of 50 mm long edges has its vertical faces equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VP so that the true shape of the section is a regular hexagon. Determine the inclination of the cutting plane with the HP and draw the sectional top view and true shape of the section. 4. A square prism, base 45 mm side and axis 70 mm long has its base in H.P. and all edges of the base are equally inclined to V.P. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular o to V.P. and inclined at 45 to the H.P. such that it bisects the axis. Draw its sectional top view, sectional side view and the true shape of the section. 5. A tetrahedron of 70 mm long edges is lying on Horizontal Plane on one of its faces with an edge of that face perpendicular to the Vertical Plane. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to both the reference plane in such a way that the true shape of section is an isosceles triangle of 45 mm height. Draw elevation, plan and side view when smaller cut piece of the object is assumed to be removed. 6. Draw the development of lateral surfaces of the cylinder. Taking diameter of cylinder o 30 mm and height 40 mm. it is cut by an AIP at an angle of 45 from HP and it passes from the middle of axis. 7. A right circular cone with diameter of the base 50 mm and height 65 mm rests on its base in HP. A sectional plane parallel to HP and vertical to VP cuts the cone axis at 30 mm from the top. An equilateral triangular hole of 15 mm is cut on the front view of the cone. Hole is 12 mm below sectional plane. Draw the lateral surfaces of the cone.


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Page 37

Projection Symbol

First angle system


Third angle system

Page 38

Difference between first- and third-angle projections :

Either first angle projection or third angle projection are used for engineering drawing. Second angle projection and fourth angle projections are not used since the drawing becomes complicated.

Symbol of projection

The type of projection obtained should be indicated symbolically in the space provided for the purpose in the title box of the drawing sheet. The symbol recommended by BIS is to draw the two sides of a frustum of a cone placed with its axis horizontal The left view is drawn.


Page 39

Practice Problem To draw in Sketch Book


Page 40

Practice Problem of Orthographics ( Draw all Problem in Sketchbook)


Page 41


Page 42


Page 43

Sheet 7 -Orthographic Problems ( Draw any 2 Orthographic Problems + 1 Sectional Orthographics Problem in sheet & draw all problems in Sketch Book) 1. Draw the following orthographic views using First angle projection method. Use the Aligned System of dimensioning. (i) Front View from the direction X (ii) Top View (iii) Left Hand Side View

2. Draw the following orthographic views using First angle projection method. (i) Front View from the direction X (ii) Top View (iii) Left Hand Side View.


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3. Draw the following orthographic views using the First angle projection method. (i) Front View from the direction X (ii) Top View (iii) Right Hand Side View

4. Draw (1) F.V. (2) Plan (3) L.H.S.V. by using Third angle projection method and align method of dimensioning.


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5. Draw (1) F.V. (2) T.V. (3) R.H.S.V.

6. Draw (1) F.V. (2) T.V. (3) R.H.S.V.


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7. DRAW (1) ELEVATION (2) PLAN (3) LHSV by first angle projection method

8. Figure shows an object. Draw sectional front view along section P-Q looking in the

direction of arrow X, top view and sectional left hand side view along section R-S uses first angle projection method.


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9. DRAW (1) ELEVATION (2) PLAN (3) LHSV by third angle projection method.

10. Draw the following orthographic views using First angle projection method. Use the Aligned System of dimensioning. (i) Front View from the direction X (ii) Top View (iii) Right Hand Side View.


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11. Draw the following orthographic views using First angle projection method. Use the Aligned System of dimensioning. (i) Sectional Front View from the direction X (ii) Top View (iii) Left Hand Side View

12. Draw the following orthographic views using First angle projection method. Use the Aligned System of dimensioning. (i) Sectional Front View from the direction X (ii) Top View (iii) Left Hand Side View


Page 49

Isometric Projection Practice Problem: ( Draw all Problem Sketchbook)


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Sheet 8 - Isometric Projection Problems ( Draw any 1 Isometric Projection Problem + 2 Isometric View/Drawing Problems in sheet and draw all problems in Sketch Book) 1.

Draw the Isometric Projection using isometric scale.

2. Draw the Isometric View.


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Page 53




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Page 55

MCQ with Answer Question

A

Hidden lines are drawn as In engineering system of paper sizes, the size of “A2” is? Parallel lines can be drawn by which instruments To draw smooth curves of any nature drafting instruments used are The length and height of closed filled arrow head is Two recommended system of dimensioning are If a line intersects a circle at two points and is not passing through center then the line is called

dashed narrow lines 841 mm * 1189 mm

If an octagon is circumscribed in circle which of following statement is true? The included angel of pentagon is A circle will appear on an isometric drawing as a When an object is cut by a section plane parallel to H.P and perpendicular to V.P, then the True shape of the object is obtained in Which angle cannot be made with either a 45 or 30/60 triangle or a combination of the two?

B

dashed wide lines

C long-dashed dotted wide line

D long-dashed double dotted wide line

A

594 mm * 841 mm

420 mm * 594 mm

210 mm * 297 mm

C

Mini Drafter

T-Square

Pair of Set Square

All of above

D

Mini Drafter

French Curve

Eraser Shield

All of above

B

One:Three Unidirectional and Aligned system

Three : One

Two : One

One : Two

B

Upright and Inclined system

Linear and Oblique system

Linear and Inclined system

A

Chord

Segment

Sequent

B

The radius of circle is equal to the acrossthe-flats measurements.

The diameter of circle is equal to the across-the-flats measurements.

The radius of circle is equal to the acrossthe-corners measurements. C

72

108

112 C

Radial line The diameter of circle is equal to the across-thecorners measurements. 68 Ellipse

top view

Answer

Cycloid

Circle

Parabola

a

front view

left hand side view

right hand side view

A

90


70

30

15 Page 56

B

This type of section is not in direct projection from the view containing the cutting plane:

Using 1st Angle Projection, where on a drawing sheet is the top view of an object drawn? For drawing components of wrist watch which type of scale is used: The R.F. of scale is equal to The unit of R.F is When measurements are required in three consecutive units then the scale used is Name the curve traced by point moving in plane such that the difference between its distances from two fixed points is constant: A right circular cone cut by a plane parallel to its generator the curve obtained is a Name the curve which has zero eccentricity A right circular cone cut by a plane passing through is apex the curve obtained is a

The eccentricity of ellipse can be given by The angle of asymptotes of rectangular hyperbola

Revolved section

Removed section

Broken out section

Reducing scale

Full scale

Enlarging scale

Any of these

C

Greater than 1

Equal to 1

Any of these

D

Millimetres

Centimetre

Lesser than 1 Cubic Centimetre

None of these

D

B

Full section B There are no top views in 1st The top view of The top view of Angle an object is an object is The top view of Projection, drawn on the drawn on the an object is only bottom left hand side right hand side drawn on the views are of a drawing of a drawing bottom of a shown on a sheet. sheet. drawing sheet. drawing sheet C

Plain scale

Diagonal scale

Isometric scale

Comparative scale

Ellipse

Parabola

Hyperbola

Any of these

C

Ellipse

Parabola

Hyperbola

Circle

B

Ellipse

Parabola

Hyperbola

Circle

D

Ellipse

Parabola

Triangle

D

Length of major axis/ distance between directrices

Distance between foci / Length of major axis

Hyperbola Distance of point of ellipse from the focus/ Distance of same point to directrices

All of these

D

30


45

60

90 D Page 57

is The curve traced by a point on circumference of circle, which rolls outside another circle of same diameter Which of following methods are not used for drawing elliptical curves? Involute curve is used in When a circle rolls inside another circle of twice of its diameter, the curve traced by a point on the circumference of rolling circle will be The curve traced by a point on circumference of circle, which rolls outside another circle of larger diameter In orthographic projection the, elevation obtained on plane is called In first angle projection system the right hand side view of the object is drawn The recommended symbol for indicating orthographic projection shows two views of the frustum of a For orthographic projections, B.I.S. recommends the following The line joining front and top views of a point is called If both front view and top view of point lie on same side of reference line then the point may be situated in following

Cycloid

Hypocycloid

Epicycloid

None of these

C

Intersection of arcs method

Concentric circle method

Oblong method

Tangent method

D

Chains

Gears

Cams

Pulleys

B

Straight line

Epicycloid

Hypocycloid

None of these

A

Epicycloid

Involute

Spiral

None of these

A

Horizontal

Vertical

Profile

Auxiliary

B

Above elevation

Below elevation

Left of elevation

Right of elevation

C

Square pyramid

Triangular pyramid

Cone

All of above

C

First Angle Projection

Second Angle Projection

Third Angle Projection

Fourth Angle Projection

A

Reference line

Projector

Connector

Locus

B

First or Third

Second or Fourth

Third or Fourth

C

First or Second


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angles If both front view and top view of point lie on opposite side of reference line then the point may be situated in following angles In the top view of point is situated at 60 mm below reference line and its front view is 20 mm above top view, then point lies in State the position of point the front view of it lies on the reference line and the top view is 40 mm above it State the position of point the front view of it lies on the reference line and the front view is 30 mm below it If the line is parallel to both VP and HP, its true length is seen in Horizontal trace of line exists when the line is If both the front view and top view of line are perpendicular to the reference line, the true inclination of line with HP and VP may be respectively For a line situated at first angle which one is not correct The point at which the line intersects VP, extended if necessary is known as Planes which are inclined to both vertical and horizontal planes are called

First or Second

First or Third

Second or Fourth

First angle

Second angle

Third angle

Fourth angle

D

40 mm above HP and in the VP

40 mm below HP and in the VP

40 mm behind VP and in the HP

40 mm in front of VP and in the HP

B

30 mm above HP and in the VP

30 mm below HP and in the VP

30 mm behind VP and in the HP

Front view Parallel to horizontal plane

Top view Inclined to horizontal plane

Side view Perpendicular to vertical plane

30 mm in front of VP and in the HP Both in front view and top view

15 degree and 75 degree HT and VT may lie below XY

30 degree and 60 degree HT lies below XY and VT lies above XY

Profile Trace

Oblique planes

B

C

D

Perpendicular to profile plane

B

HT and VT may lie above XY

Any of these HT lies above XY and VT lies below XY

D

Horizontal Trace

Vertical trace

Auxiliary trace

C

Profile planes

Auxiliary planes

None of these

A


Both 45 degree

Third or Fourth

D

Page 59

If both the principle views of a plane object are ellipse of same size, the side view will be The front view of elliptical plane may be If a thin set square is kept perpendicular to both horizontal and vertical planes, its true shape is seen in If a circular plane is 30 degree inclined to HP and 60 degree to VP its side view will be Among the following solids, a regular polyhedron is A cube is resting on HP with a solid diagonal perpendicular to it. The top view will appear as A square pyramid is resting on a face in the VP. The number of dotted lines will appear in front view A solid having minimum number of faces is A tetrahedron is resting on its face on HP with a side perpendicular to VP. Its front view will be A cone is cut by section plane parallel to its profile plane. Its true shape of section is seen in A triangular prism is resting on rectangular face on HP. It is cut by a horizontal plane. Its section view is: A cone is resting on its base on HP is cut by a section plane parallel to VP has its sectional front

Horizontal line

Vertical line

Inclined line

Ellipse

B

Ellipse

Circle

Straight line

Any of these

D

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

Auxiliary plane

Profile plane

D

Ellipse

Straight line

Circle

True shape

B

Square prism

Square pyramid

Cube

Sphere

C

Square

Rectangle

Irregular hexagon

Regular hexagon

D

One

Three Square pyramid

Four

B

Tetrahedron

Two Triangular prism

Cube

A

Equilateral triangle

Isosceles triangle

Scalene triangle

Right angled triangle

B

Front view

Top view

Side view

Auxiliary view

C

Equilateral triangle

Isosceles triangle

Rectangle

None of these

C

Ellipse

Parabola

Hyperbola

Semicircle

C


Page 60

view The angle isometric lines make with each other is In comparison to isometric projection, the appearance of isometric view is A sphere in isometric projection appears as a circle of diameter

45

Larger Equal to diameter of sphere

60

Smaller 0.816 times the diameter of sphere


90

Same size Less than 0.816 times diameter of sphere

120

None of these Greater than diameter of sphere

Page 61

D

A

A

Command Practice

All AutoCAD commands can be typed in at the command line. Many commands also have one or two letter aliases that can also be typed as shortcuts to the commands. 1. Type the desired command at the command prompt. Command: LINE or 2. Type the command’s alias. Command: L 3. Press ENTER. 4. Type an option at the command prompt.

Reissuing the Last Command

The last used AutoCAD command can be re-entered by one of the following three methods of ENTER. The ENTER key on the keyboard will always act as ENTER, the SPACEBAR and RIGHT MOUSE will act as enter most of the time (exceptions include placing TEXT). 1. Press the ENTER key on the keyboard or 2. Press the Space bar on the keyboard. or 3. Click the right mouse button.


Page 62

Line Command

Creates single straight line segments 1. Choose Draw, Line. or 2. Click the Line icon. or 3. Type LINE from the command prompt Command: LINE or L 4. Press ENTER 5. Pick from point: (point) 6. Pick Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:(point) 7. Pick Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:(point) 8. Press ENTER to end line sequence or 9. Type U to undo the last segment To point: U (undo) or 10. Type C to create a closed polygon To point: C (close) You can continue the previous line or arc by responding to the from point: prompt with a space or ENTER. Choose the right mouse button for the line pop-up menu to appear while in the line command.


Page 63

Practice Objects


Page 64

Circle Command

1. Choose Draw, Circle. or 2. Click the Circle icon. or 3. Type CIRCLE at the command prompt. Command: CIRCLE 4. Type One of the following options: 3P/2P/TTR/<>: or 5. Pick A center point. 6. Type A radius or diameter. or 7. Pick A radius or diameter Diameter/<>: To create circles that are the same size, press ENTER when asked for the circle radius. When selecting a circle with a pick box, be sure to select the circumference of the circle.


Page 65

Practice Objects


Page 66

Arc Command

1. Choose Draw, Arc. or 2. Click the Arc icon. or 3. Type ARC at the command prompt Command: ARC 4. Draw One of the arcs. Except for 3 point arcs, arcs are drawn in a COUNTERCLOCKWISE direction.


Page 67

Practice Objects


Page 68

Erasing Objects

1. Choose Modify, Erase. or 2. Click the Erase icon. or 3. Type ERASE at the command prompt. Command : ERASE or E 4. Pick Object at the select object prompt. Select objects: (pick object) 5. Press ENTER when you are done choosing objects. Select objects: ENTER

OOPS

Reinserts the last erased set of objects or block even if it was not the last command issued. Otherwise Oops acts like UNDO. 1. Type OOPS at the command prompt to reinsert erased objects Command: OOPS


Page 69

ZOOM

Increases or decreases the apparent size of objects in the current viewport 1. Choose View, Zoom. or 2. Click a Zoom icon. or 3. Type ZOOM at the command prompt. Command: Zoom or Z 4. Type One of the following zoom options: While in the ZOOM command, click with the right mouse button to see the menu to the right. PAN

Shifts the location of a view.

1. Choose View, Pan. or 2. Click the Pan icon. or 3. Type PAN from the command prompt. Command: PAN or P Redraw and Regen

Redraw refreshes the current view. 1. Type Redraw at the command prompt Command: Redraw or R


Page 70

REGEN regenerates the entire drawing and recomputes the screen coordinates for all objects. It also re-indexes the drawing database for optimum display and object selection performance. 1. Type REGEN at the command prompt. Command: REGEN or RE Move Command

1. Choose Modify, Move. or 2. Click the Move icon. or 3. Type MOVE at the command prompt Command: MOVE or M 4. Pick Objects to move Select objects: (select) 5. Pick A point to move from Base point or displacement: (pick point) 6. Pick A point to move to Second point of displacement:(pick point) Copy Command

1. Choose Modify,Copy. or 2. Click the Copy icon. or 3. Type COPY at the command prompt. Command: COPY or CP 4. Pick Objects to copy. Select objects: (select) 5. Pick A point to move from. Engineering Graphics & design Department of Mechanical Engineering Marwadi Education Foundation

Page 71

Base point or displacement/Multiple: (pick point). 6. Pick A point to copy to. Second point of displacement: (pick point) or 7. Type A point to copy to. Second point of displacement: @ 1<0 Offset Command Offset Distance

To offset a specified distance: 1. Choose Modify, Offset. or 2. Choose the Offset icon. or 3. Type OFFSET at the command prompt. Command: OFFSET or O 4. Type The distance to offset. Offset distance or : (number) 5. Pick The object to offset. Select object to offset: (select object) 6. Pick A side to offset object to. Side to offset: (pick side) 7. Pick Another object to offset Select object to offset: (pick side) or 8. Press Enter to end the command.


Page 72

Offset Through Point

1. Type OFFSET at the command prompt Command: OFFSET 2. Type T to specify a through point Offset distance or : (T) 3. Pick A point to offset through (HINT: use object snaps) Select object

to offset:

(pick) Through point: (select object)

EXTEND

1. Choose Modify,Extend. or 2. Click the Extend icon. Engineering Graphics & design Department of Mechanical Engineering Marwadi Education Foundation

Page 73

or 3. Type EXTEND at the command prompt Command: EXTEND Select boundary edge(s)... 4. PickThe BOUNDARY edge to extend to Select objects: (select) 5. Press ENTER to accept the boundary edge Select objects: (press enter) 6. PickThe objects to extend / Project / Edge / Undo: Select an object, enter an option, or press enter 7. Press ENTER when you are done choosing objects Select object to trim/Undo:(presenter)

MIRROR

1. Choose Modify, Mirror. or 2. Click the Mirror icon. or 3. Type MIRROR at the command prompt. Command: MIRROR 4. Pick Objects to mirror. Select objects:(select) 5. Pick First point of mirror line: (point) 6. Pick Second point: (point) 7. Type Yes to delete the original objects and No to keep them.


Page 75

Delete old objects? Y or N

ROTATE

1. Choose Modify, Rotate. or 2. Click the Modify icon. or 3. Type ROTATE at the command prompt Command: ROTATE 4. PickObjects to rotate: Select objects:(select) 5. PickA pivot point to rotate around Base point: (point) 6. Type A rotation angle/Reference: (Number) or 7. Pick A rotation angle/Reference: (point)


Page 76

SCALE

1. Choose Modify,Scale. or 2. Click the Scale icon. or 3. Type SCALE at the command prompt Command: SCALE Select objects: (select objects) 4. Pick A pivot point to scale about Base point: (point) 5. Type A rotation angle/Reference:(number) or 6. Pick A scale factor/Reference: (point) Scale factor/Reference:(points)


Page 77

Break

Type

BREAK at the command prompt. Command: BREAK

Text Command

Type TEXT at the command prompt Command: TEXT

Linear Dimensions

Type DIM at the command prompt. Command: DIM

Aligned Dimensions

Type DIM at the command prompt. Command: DIM Dim: ALIGNED Radial Dimensions

Type DIM at the command prompt. Command: DIM Dim: RADIUS or DIAMETER


Page 78

Command List


Page 79

Toggle General Features

Ctrl+E Toggle coordinate display Ctrl+G Toggle Grid Ctrl+E Cycle isometric planes Ctrl+F Toggle running object snaps Ctrl+H Toggle Pick Style Ctrl+Shift+H

Toggle Hide pallets

Ctrl+I Toggle Coords Ctrl+Shift+I

Toggle Infer Constraints

Manage Screen

Ctrl+0 (zero)

Clean Screen

Ctrl+1 Property Palette Ctrl+2 Design Center Palette Ctrl+3 Tool Palette Ctrl+4 Sheet Set Palette Ctrl+6 DBConnect Manager Ctrl+7 Markup Set Manager Palette Ctrl+8 Quick Calc Ctrl+9 Command Line Manage Drawings

Ctrl+N New Drawing Ctrl+S Save drawing Ctrl+O Open drawing Ctrl+P Plot dialog box Ctrl+Tab

Switch to next

Ctrl+Shift+Tab Switch to previous drawing Engineering Graphics & design Department of Mechanical Engineering Marwadi Education Foundation

Page 80

Ctrl+Page Up Switch to previous tab in current drawing Ctrl+Page Down

Switch to next tab in current drawing

Ctrl+Q Exit Ctrl+A Select all objects Toggle Drawing Modes

F1

Display Help

F2

Toggle text screen

F3

Toggle object snap mode

F4

Toggle 3DOsnap

F5

Toggle Isoplane

F6

Toggle Dynamic UCS

F7

Toggle grid mode

F8

Toggle ortho mode

F9

Toggle snap mode

F10

Toggle polar mode

F11

Toggle object snap tracking

F12

Toggle dynamic input mode

Manage Workflow

Ctrl+C Copy object Ctrl+X Cut object Ctrl+V Paste object Ctrl+Shift+C

Copy to clipboard with base point

Ctrl+Shift+V

Paste data as block

Ctrl+Z Undo last action Ctrl+Y Redo last action Ctrl+[ Cancel current command (or ctrl+\) Engineering Graphics & design Department of Mechanical Engineering Marwadi Education Foundation

Page 81

EGD Tutorial Book GTU - Marwadi university

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