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PHYSICS-1
EQUILIBRIUM OF A RIGID BODY
EXPERIMENT-10: EXPERIMENT-10: Equilibrium of a Rigid Body OBJECTIVE The purpose of this experiment is to study the conditions that must be satised satised for a rigid object to be in static equilibrium. This is done by computing the total torque acting on a meter stick by means of weights suspended at specic locations on the ruler. ruler.
INTRO#$CTION The torque % exerted by a force & on a rigid object able to rotate about an axis is gi"en as # ' $ d% where d is the le"er or moment arm of $ about axis. &t is equal to the perpendicular distance from axis to &. Torque Torque is a "ector quantity that is i s perpendicular to the plane made by & and d. $or rigid bodies in equilibrium% they should not ha"e neither linear nor angular acceleration. This means that two conditions must be satised simultaneously' the total force acting on the object is (ero and the total torque should also be (ero. )ence *%'+ ,- and * & ' + /y con"ention% the torque is positi"e if the force tends to rotate the object counterclockwise and negati"e if it ends to rotate clockwise. The apparatus consists of a meter stick balanced about a pi"ot. The torques are created by weights hung at di0erent locations along the ruler by means of clamps.
PHYSICS-1
EQUILIBRIUM OF A RIGID BODY
EXPERIMENT! PROCE#$RE" -
!sing the triple beam balance% measure the mass of the meter stick without any clamp and record it.
1 $ind an a"erage "alue of the mass of each clamp you are using in your experiment. 2 &deally% the center of gra"ity of the stick should be at the 3+ cm mark. )owe"er this is not true in most situations. To nd its correct location% use one clamp to balance the stick about the stand until it is hori(ontal. 4ecord this position of the center of gra"ity. 5
)ang a -++6g weight from a clamp located at the -+ cm mark and slide the meter stick through the supporting clamp until the stick is balanced on the support stand. 4ecord the position of the point of support.
3
Keeping e"erything as in procedure 5% add a 1++6g from a clamp located at the 7+ cm mark and slide the meter stick until it is balanced on the support stand. 4ecord the new position of the point of support.
8
4emo"e the weights and clamps. /alance the meter stick at its center of gra"ity as in procedure 2 and hang an unknown mass ,e.g. your keys at the 7+ cm mark. 9lace the 1++6g mass on the meter stick at a location until equilibrium is reached. 4ecord this position.
C!C$!TION" -
$rom procedure 5% compute the mass of the meter stick by the method of torques. $ind the percent error between the computed and the actual mass of the meter stick.
1
&n procedure 3% choose an appropriate axis of rotation and compute the torque for each force acting on the stick. Since the object is in equilibrium% ascertain that the sum of the torques is (ero.
2
$rom procedure 8% compute the weight of the unknown mass by the method of torques. $ind the percent error between the computed and the actual mass of the unknown mass.
