Drug Education and Vice Control

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Review Notes in Drug Education By: RKManwong DEFINITION OF TERMS DRUG ADDICTIONS – A state of periodic or chronic (continuous) intoxication (drunk) detrimental to individual and to the society produced by the repeated consumption of drugs (WHO) CHEMICALS – Is any substance taken into the body, which alters the way, the mind and the bodywork. CHEMICAL ABUSE – Is an instance when the use of a chemical has produced a negative or harmful consequence. TREATMENT – Is a medical service rendered to a client for the effective management of hit total conditions related to drug abuse. It deals with the physiological without abusing drugs. REHABILITATION – Is a dynamic process directed towards the changes on the health of the person to prepare him from his fullest life potentials and capabilities, and making him law-abiding and productive member of the community without abusing drugs. ENABLING – Is any action taken by a concerned person that removes or softens the negative effect or harmful consequences of drug use upon the user. Enabling only makes thing worse. It is like fighting fire with gasoline. POLYDRUG ABUSE – Many people who abuse on drug tend to take allsorts of drugs. Some play chemical “Russian roulettes” by taking everything including unidentified pills. This is called polydrug abuse. DRUG EXPERIMENTER – One who illegally, wrongfully, or improperly uses any narcotics substances, marijuana or dangerous drugs as defined not more than a few times for reasons or curiosity, peer pressure or other similar reasons. DRUG SYNDICATE – It is a network of evil. It is operated and manned by willful criminals who knowingly traffic in human lives for the money. Large sum of money, they can make in their illegal and nefarious trade. The set results of their commerce are physical and mental cripples, ruined lives, even agonizing death. WITHDRAWAL PERIOD – From the point of habituation or drug dependence up to the time a drug dependent is totally or gradually deprived of the drug. TOLERANCE – It is the increasing dosage of drugs to maintain the same effect. This is dependent is totally or amphetamines, barbiturates, opiates and solvents. DRUG DEPENDENCE – A state of psychic or physical dependence, or both on dangerous drugs, arising in a person following administration or use of a drug on a periodic or continuous basis. PHYSICALDEPENDENCE – An adaptive state caused by repeated drug use that reveals itself development of intense physical symptoms when the drug is stopped (withdrawal syndrome).

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PSYCHOLOGICALDEPENDENCE – An attachment to drug use which arises from a drug ability to satisfy some emotional or personality need of an individual. (Physical dependence not required but it does not seem to reinforce psychological dependence) MARIJUANA – Obtained from an Indian hemp plant known as “Cannabis Sativa” a strong, handy ,annual shrub which grows wild in temperature and tropic regions. TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL – (THC) It is the psychoactive agent of marijuana. The more THC present in marijuana, the more potent is the drug. It is also known as the “siniter element” in marijuana. This is what causes the “high lift” or “trip” in marijuana users. HASHISH – It is the dark brown resin that is collected from the tops of potent Cannabis Sativa. It is at least five times stronger than crude marijuana. Since it is stronger, the effect on the user is more intense, and the possibility of side effects is greater. Placing the crude plant material in a solvent makes it. The plant material is then filtered out and the solvent is removed, yielding a gummy, resinous substance. NARCOTICS – Is any drug that produces sleep or stupor and relieves pain due to its depressant effect on the central nervous system. A term narcotic comes from the Greek word for sleep “Narkotikos” OPIUM – Obtained from a female poppy plant known as “Papayer Somniferum”. It comes from the Greek word which means “juice”. It is the original components of Morphine and Heroin.


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MORPHINE – It is the second extraction from opium, six times stronger. It was named after Morpheus the Greek god of dreams stimulating effects. HEROIN – It is the third derivative extracted and the most powerful. It has no medical use because of the high rate of medication. This is the most potent of opium derivatives, five times stronger than morphine. SHABU – It is Japanese form of drug abuse. It is an amphetamine type of stimulant whose chemical use name in Methmphetamine. This stimulant was originally known as “Kakuseizal” is the Japanese word for waking “Zai” the term for drugs. The stimulant started in Japan immediately after the end of the Pacific War and brought into the Philippines by Japanese tourist. COCAINE – It is an alkaloid contained in the leaves of “Erythoxylon coca” a hardy plant cultivated in Bolivia. The first user of coca leaf were the Incas of Peru. It is a stimulant. A powerful natural stimulant known to man. Cocaine acts immediately. It is a quick acting drug. Its effects are rapid from the time of intake. It is indeed “super-speed”. CODEINE – Is another opium alkaloid, the second to be developed after Morphine. It is used as a painkiller, but more as a cough reliever. 10 MOST ABUSED DRUGS          

Shabu Menthodes (cough/cold preparation) Marijuana Rugby (inhalant) Phydol (cough/cold preparation) Diazepam (minor tranquilizer) Pseudoflex (cough/cold preparation) Hycodia (cough preparation) Cotrex D (cough/cold preparation) Mercadol (cough/cold preparation)

MOST COMMON REASONS FOR USING DRUGS Influence by friends and peers  Personal reason such as family problems and pleasure  Got hooked by the pusher  Used drugs for medical reason and hooked later on  Accessibility of sources such as drug stores, medicine cabinets and shops. SUMMARY ON USUALLY KNOWN DRUG (SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS) DRUGS Marijuana (damo, grass, Indian hemp, weed joints, hashish, satay)

PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS Altered perception, dilated pupils, lack of concentration, craving for sweets, increased appetite, laughter

SIGN OF ABUSE Plastic baggies, rolling paper, roach clips, color of burnt hemp rope

DANGERS Psychological dependence, increased heart rate, impaired short term memory, anxiety, lungs damage, possible psychosis w/ chronic use.

Amphetamines (pep pills, speed, dexies, ups, bunnies, drivers, crossroad, footballs, copilot, eye opener)

Loss of appetite, anxiety, irritability, rapid speech, tumors mood, elevation

Pills of varying, possible chain of smoking, long period w/out rest or sleep

Disorientation, severe depression, paranila, possible hallucinations, increased blood pressure, fatigue

Hallucinogens (LSD, MDA, PCR, peyote, psilocybin, acid cubes, micbrodots, mescaline)

Alternation of moods and perception, possible paranoia, panic anxiety

SOLVENT/RUGBY (gasoline/ glue)

Euphoria headaches, nausea, fainting stupor, rapid heart beat

Capsule of varying longer periods of ras sleep, dizziness, cold and clumsy skin

Odor of substance in clothing, intoxication,

Rigidity, painful muscle contraction, emotional instability, death frompossible overdose esp. when mixed with alcohol Damage to lungs, liver, kidneys, bone marrow, suffocation, choking,


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HEROIN (fit fun) MORPHINE (M., Monkey dreamer, morpho, tabcubes, opium) CODINE (little D) COCAINE (Coke, snow, leaf dust)

Intensitivity to pain, euphoria, sedation, vomiting, itchiness, watery eyes, running nose Short-lived euphoria changing to depression, nervousness, irritability, tightening of muscles

poor

anemia, possible stroke or sudden death.

Glasineevelops needles and syringe capsule orspoons tourniquet, needle mark on hands

Allergy w/ loss hepatitis, slow and shallow breathing possible death when combined w/ barbiturates

Glassine envelopes razor blades, small spoons, odorless bitter white crystalline powder

Shallow breathing, fever, anxiety, tremors, possible death from convulsions or respiratory arrest.

DANGEROUS DRUG EFFECTS AND IDENTITY The Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa)  Marijuana – usually called Pot, grass, weed reefer, dope, Mary Jane, sinsemilla, acapolco gold, Thai stick, ---They look like dried parsley mixed with stems that may include needs --- They are need as cigarette (smoke). Eaten.  Tetrehydro Cannabinol – they called THC, they look like soft gelatin capsule and they are used by taken orally or smoked.  Hashish – called locally has and look like brown or black cakes or balls, they can be eaten orally or can be smoked.  Hashish Oil – Hash oil they appear like concentrated syrup liquid varying in color from clear to black, they used to smoked mixed with tobacco. The Inhalants Immediate negative effect of inhalants include nose, sneezing, coughing, nosebleed, fatigue, lack of coordination and loss of appetite. Solvents and aerosol sprays also decrease the heart and the respiratory rates and impair judgment. Amyl and Butyl nitrate cause rapid pulse, headache and involuntary or brain hemorrhage. Deeply inhaling the vapor, or using large amount over a short period of time may result to disorientation, violent behavior, unconsciousness or death. High concentration of inhalants can cause suffocation by displacing the oxygen in the lungs or depressing the central nervous system in the point that breathing stops. Long-term use can cause weight loss, fatigue, electrolyte imbalance and muscle fatigue. Repeat sniffing of concentrated vapors over time can permanently damage the nervous system. The Depressants (Downers) These are drugs which suppress vital body functions especially those of the brain or central nervous system with the resulting impairment of judgement, hearing, speech and muscular coordination. 1. Narcotics - are drugs, which relieve pain and produce profound sleep or stupor. Medically, they are potent painkillers. 2. Opium – derived from a poppy plant – Papaver somniferum popularly known as “gum”, “gamot”, “kalamay” or “panocha”. 3. Morphine - most commonly used and best used opiate. Effective as a painkiller six times potent than opium, with a high dependence – producing potential. 4. Heroin – is three to five times more powerful than morphine from which it is derived and the most addicting opium derivative. 5. Codeine – a derivative of morphine, commonly available in cough preparations. 6. Paregoric – a tincture of opium in combination with camphor. Commonly used as a household remedy for diarrhea and abdominal pain. 7. Demerol and Methadone – common synthetic drugs with morphine – like effects. 8. Barbiturates – are drugs used for inducing sleep in persons plagued with anxiety, mental stress, and insomnia. 9. Seconal – Sudden withdrawal from these drugs is even more dangerous than opiate withdrawal. 10. Tranquilizers – are drugs that calm and relax and diminish anxiety. They are used in the treatment of nervous states and some mental disorders without producing sleep.


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11. Volatile Solvents – gaseous substances popularly known to abusers as “gas”, “teardrops”. 12. Alcohol – the king of all drugs with potential for abuse. Most widely used, socially accepted and most extensively legalized drug throughout the world. The Stimulants (Uppers) These produce effects opposite to that of depressants. Instead of bringing about relaxation and sleep, they produce increased mental alertness, wakefulness, reduce hunger, and provide a feeling of well being. 1. Amphetamines – used medically for weight reducing in obesity, relief of mild depression and treatment 2. Cocaine – taken orally, injected or sniffed as to achieve euphoria or an intense feeling of “highness”. 3. Caffeine – it is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks, and some wake-up pills. 4. Shabu/ “poor man’s cocaine” – chemically known as methamphetamine. It is a central nervous system stimulant and sometimes called “upper” or “speed”. It is white, colorless crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter numbing taste. It can be taken orally, inhaled (snorted), sniffed (chasing the dragon) or injected. 5. Nicotine – an active component in tobacco which acts as a powerful stimulant of the central nervous system. A drop of pure nicotine can easily kill a person. The Hallucinogens (Psychedelic) They consist of a variety of mind-altering drugs, which distort reality, thinking and perceptions of time, sound, space and sensation. 1. Marijuana – It is the most commonly abused hallucinogen in the Philippines. 2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) – This drug is the most powerful of the psychedelics obtained from ergot, a fungus that attacks rye kernels. 3. Peyote – Peyote is derived from the surface part of a small gray brown cactus. 4. Mescaline – It is the alkaloid hallucinogen extracted from the peyote cactus and can also be synthesized in the laboratory. 5. STP – It is a take-off on the motor oil additive. It is a chemical derivative of mescaline claimed to produce more violent and longer effects than mescaline dose. 6. Psilocybin – This hallucinogenic alkaloid from small Mexican mushrooms are used by Mexican Indians today. 7. Morning Glory Seeds – The black and brown seeds of the wild tropical morning glory that are used to produce hallucinations. The New Law on Dangerous Drugs R.A. 9165 – COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002 Approved on June 7, 2002 - Effective July 4, 2002 What is Dangerous Drug under this law? Includes those listed in the schedules annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and the schedules annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on Psychotropic Substances (Art 1, Sec. 3). Ex.

MMDA – Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstacy) Tetrahydrocannabinol (MJ); Mescaline (Peyote)

What are the Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals? Include those listed in Tables I and II of the 1988 UN Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotrophic Substances (Art 1, Sec 3) Ex.

Table 1 – Table 2 –

NOTE:

Acetic Anhydride N- Acetyl Anthranilic Acid Epedrine, Ergometrine, Lysergic Acid, etc. Acetone, Ethyl Ether, Hydrochloric Acid Sulfuric Acid, etc..


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Under RA 6425 (Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972), Dangerous drugs refers to the Prohibited drugs, Regulated drugs and Volatile substances. Prohibited Drugs – ex. Opium and its derivatives, Cocaine and its derivatives, Hallucinogen drugs like MJ, LSD, and Mescaline Regulated drugs – ex. Barbiturates, Amphetamines, Tranquillizers Volatile Substances – ex. rugby, paints, thinner, glue, gasoline What are the Unlawful Acts and Penalties? Unlawful Acts

Penalty

Importation of Dangerous drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals (sec. 4)

Life Imprisonment to Death and a fine ranging from P500, 000 to P10 Million

Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals (sec. 5) Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort where dangerous drugs are used or sold in any form (sec. 6)


Being an employee or visitor of a den, dive or resort (sec. 7)

Imprisonment ranging from 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 yrs and a fine ranging from P100, 000 to P500, 000. Life Imprisonment to Death and a fine ranging from P500, 000 to P10 Million

Manufacture of dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals (sec. 8) Illegal Chemical Diversion of Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals (sec. 9) Manufacture or Delivery of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals (sec. 10) Possession of Dangerous Drugs (sec. 11)


Imprisonment ranging from 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 yrs and a fine ranging from P100, 000 to P500, 000. Imprisonment ranging from 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 yrs and a fine ranging from P100, 000 to P500, 000. Life Imprisonment to Death and a fine ranging from P500, 000 to P10 Million

Possession of Dangerous drugs in the following quantities, regardless of degree of purity: 10 grams or more of opium; morphine; heroin; cocaine; MJ resin; 10 grams or more of MMDA, LSD and similar dangerous drugs; 50 grams or more of “shabu”/ Methamphetamine Hydrochloride; 500 grams or more of Marijuana NOTE: If the quantity involved is less than the foregoing, the penalties shall be graduated as follows: 1. Life imprisonment and a fine ranging from P400, 000 to P500, 000 if “shabu” is 10 grams or more but less than 50 grams; 2. Imprisonment of 20 yrs and 1 day to Life imprisonment and a fine ranging from P400, 000 to P500, 000 if the quantities of dangerous drugs are 5 grams or more but less than 10 grams of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine, mj resin, shabu, MMDA, and 300 grams or more but less than 500 grams of marijuana 3. Imprisonment of 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 yrs and a fine ranging from P300, 000 to P400, 000 if the quantities of dangerous drugs are less than 5 grams of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine, mj resin, shabu, MMDA, and less than 300 grams of marijuana.

Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs (sec. 12)

Imprisonment ranging from 6 mos and 1 day to 4 yrs and a fine ranging from P10, 000 to P50, 000


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Possession of dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings (sec. 13), and Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings (sec. 14)

The maximum penalties provided for Sec. 11.

Use of Dangerous Drugs (sec. 15)

Minimum 6 mos rehabilitation (1st offense), Imprisonment ranging from 6 yrs and 1 day to 12 yrs and a fine ranging from P50,000 to P200, 000 (2nd Offense)

NOTE: Section 15 shall not be applicable where the person tested is also found to have in his/her possession such quantity of any dangerous drug provided in sec.11, in which case the penalty provided in sec. 11 shall apply. Cultivation of Plants classified as dangerous drugs or are sources thereof (sec. 16)


Failure to comply with the maintenance and keeping of the original records of transaction on any dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and Essential Chemicals on the part of practioners, manufacturers, wholesalers, importers, distributors, dealers, or retailers (sec. 17) Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Drugs (sec. 18)

Imprisonment ranging from 1 yr and 1 day to 6 yrs and a fine ranging from P10, 000 to P50, 000 Plus revocation of license to practice profession.

Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs (sec.19)

Imprisonment ranging from 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 yrs and a fine ranging from P100, 000 to P500, 000. Plus revocation of license to practice profession Life imprisonment to Death and a fine ranging from P500, 000 to 10 Million pesos

The Unlawful Acts Punishable by Death Penalty 1. Importation or bringing into the Philippines of dangerous drugs using diplomatic passport or facilities or any means involving his/her official status to facilitate unlawful entry of the same (sec 4, Art II). 2. Upon any person who organizes, manages or acts as “financiers” of any of the activities involving dangerous drugs (sec 4, 5, 6, 8 Art II). 3. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals with in 100 meters from the school (sec 5, Art II). 4. Drugs pushers who use minors or mentally incapacitated individuals as runners, couriers and messengers or in any other capacity directly connected to the dangerous drug trade (sec 5, Art II). 5. If the victim of the offense is a minor or mentally incapacitated individual, or should a dangerous drug and/or controlled precursors and essential chemical involved in the offense be the proximate cause of death of the victim (sec 5, Art II). 6. When dangerous drug is administered, delivered or sold to a minor who is allowed to use the same in such a place (sec 6, Art II). 7. Upon any person who uses a minor or mentally incapacitated individual to deliver equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs (sec. 10, Art II). 8. Possession of dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings (sec. 13), and Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings (sec. 14)

What is the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB)? The DDB is the policy-making body and strategy-making body in the planning and formulation of policies and programs on drug prevention and control. (under the Office of the President) (sec. 77, Art IX) Composition: 17 members (3 as permanent, 12 as ex-officio, 2 regular members)(sec. 78, Art IX) 3 permanent members: to be appointed by the President, one to be the Chairman.


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12 ex officio members: Secretary of DOJ, DOH, DND, DOF, DOLE, DILG, DSWD, DFA, and DepEd, Chairman of CHED, NYC, and the Dir.Gen of PDEA. 2 regular members: President of the IBP, and the Pres/Chaiman of an NGO involved in a dangerous drug campaign to be appointed by the President. The NBI Director the Chief of the PNP – permanent consultant of the Board. What are the Powers and Duties of the DDB? (sec. 81, Art IX) • • • • • • • •

Formulation of Drug Prevention and Control Strategy, Promulgation of Rules and Regulation to carry out the purposes of this Act, Conduct policy studies and researches, Develop educational programs and info drive, Conduct continuing seminars and consultations, Design special training, Coordination with agencies for community service programs, Maintain international networking,

What is the PDEA? PDEA means Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency. It is the implementing arm of the DDB and responsible for the efficient and effective law enforcement of all the provisions on any dangerous drugs and/ or precursors and essential chemicals. Head: Director General – appointed by the President Assisted By: 2 Deputies Director General (one for Admin, another for Opns) – appointed by the President (sec. 82, Art IX). PDEA Operating Units: It absorbed the NDLE-PCC (created under E.O. 61), NARCOM of the PNP, Narcotics Division of the NBI, and the Customs Narcotics Interdiction Unit (sec. 86, Art IX). What are the Powers and Functions of the PDEA? (sec. 84, Art IX) • • • • • • • •

Cause the effective and efficient implementation of the national drug control strategy, Enforcement of the provisions of Art II of this Act, Undertake investigation, make arrest and apprehension of violators and seizure and confiscation of dangerous drugs, Establish forensic laboratories, Filing of appropriate drug cases, Conduct eradication programs, Maintain a national drug intelligence system, Close coordination with local and international drug agencies.

Important Features of R.A 9165 •

In the revised law, importation of any illegal drug, regardless of quantity and purity or any part therefrom even for floral, decorative and culinary purposes is punishable with life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from P500, 000 to P10 million.


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The trading, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution, and transportation of dangerous drugs is also punishable by life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from P500, 000 to P10 million.

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Any person who shall sell, trade, administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another or distribute, dispatch in transit or transport any dangerous drugs regardless of quantity and purity shall be punished with life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from P500, 000 to P10 million. But if the sale, administration, delivery, distribution or transportation of any of these illegal drugs transpires with in 100 meters from any school, the maximum penalty shall be imposed. Pushers who use minors or mentally incapacitated individuals as runners, couriers, and messengers or in dangerous drug transactions shall also be meted with the maximum penalty. A penalty of 12 yrs to 20 yrs imprisonment shall be imposed on financiers, coddlers, and managers of the illegal activity.

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The law also penalizes anybody found in possession of any item or paraphernalia used to administer, produce, cultivate, propagate, harvest, compound, convert, process, pack, store, contain or conceal illegal drugs with an imprisonment of 12 yrs to 20 yrs and a fine of P100, 000 to P500, 000.

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Owners of resorts, dives, establishments, and other places where illegal drugs are administered is deemed liable under this new law, the same shall be confiscated and escheated in favor of the government.

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Any person who shall be convicted of violation of this new law, regardless of the quantity of the drugs and the penalty imposed by the court shall not be allowed to avail the privilege provisions of the Probation Law (P.D. 968).

(sec.58, Art VIII) Filing of charges against a drug dependent for confinement and rehabilitation under voluntary submission program can be made: • second commitment to the center • upon recommendation of the DDB • may be charge for violation of sec. 15 • if convicted – confinement and rehab Parents, spouse or guardian who refuses to cooperate with the Board or any concerned agency in the treatment and rehabilitation of a drug dependent may be cited for Contempt of Court (sec. 73, Art VIII).

Drug Education and Vice Control

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