Descripción: Drip Irrigation is an irrigation technology. However, during the last four decades, it had developed into a comprehensive agrotechnology that changed crop growing practice and widened modern agricu...
Water is an essential thing for crops and plants in agriculture. In traditional agriculture systems are take large amount of time to watering the crops lands and also have a lots of water wastes. Avoiding these problems drip irrigation systems are in
IRRIGATION AND WATER POWER ENGINEERING BY PUNMIAFull description
Descripción: IRRIGATION AND WATER POWER ENGINEERING BY PUNMIA
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Drip BreakdownDescrição completa
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This report covers the design of an IV (intravenous) bag monitoring system for use in the hospital environment. There exists a demand for such systems, as the currently employed method of in…Full description
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Additional Information for smart irrigation system.Full description
Drip Irrigation Water Conservation Dotty Woodson Extensio Extension n Program Program Specia Specialist list – Water Water Resource Resources s Texas AgriLIFE Extension Dallas Research and Extension Urban Solutions Center
Projected Water Supply/Demand and Population Region L - South Central Texas 1.4
5.0 4.5
1.2 4.0 1.0
y l t p ) p f u c 0.8 a S / d n o n i a l l i 0.6 m m e ( D 0.4
3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
0.2 0.5 0.0
0.0
) n o i l l i m ( n o i t a l u p o P
Landscape Irrigation I n Tex as •
•
3.5 m illion acres of m aintained turfgrass in Tex as Single family hou seholds account for 58 % (or 2.03 m illion acres) of m aintained turfgrass
• Water Conservation is the easiest and les expensive method to make our water use sustainable. • Texans use between 8 and 9 billion gallons of water per day. The aquifers are recharged at a rate of 4 to 5 billion gallons per day.
Control of Water Resources • Stock tank: exempt • Surface Water – State Owned – Permits issued by Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
• Groundwater – Rule of Capture – Local Groundwater Conservation Districts
3500
3000
Conservation Conservation - irrigation
2500
t e e f e r c a f o
Reuse Groundwater
2000 Surface water
s d n a s u o h T
1500
Surface water - major reservoirs Conjunctive use
1000
Desalination
500
Agriculture in Victoria County • Average size of farms: 400 acres • Average value of agricultural products sold per farm: $22600 • Average value of crops sold per acre: $163.11 • The value of nursery, greenhouse, floriculture, and sod: 4.41% • The value of livestock, poultry, and their products: 51.97% • Harvested cropland as a percentage of land in farms: 16.65% • Irrigated harvested cropland: 2.93% • Milk cows as a percentage of all cattle and calves: 0.07% • Corn for grain: 30708 harvested acres • Upland cotton: 11458 harvested acres • Soybeans for beans: 12492 harvested acres
Victoria Water • Total withdrawal of fresh water for public supply: 10.27 millions of gallons per day • Water Utilities: $5,480,000 • Sewage: $3,654,000 Read more: http://www.citydata.com/city/VictoriaTexas.html#ixzz0U12imjUO
Victoria Water Production • Primary source is 20,000 acre feet of surface water from the Guadalupe River. Currently this is about two times the amount of water that the City currently uses. • Off-channel reservoirs holding 10,000 acre feet of water • Lastly, the City of Victoria has retained the ability to use 10 of its 15 historic water wells for extreme emergencies and for peak demand periods. These wells are drilled into the Gulf Coast Aquifer and prior to 2001 they supplied all of the water for the City’s residents.
Water Treatment
Weather Report Victoria, TX
Evapotranspiration (ET) • Evapotranspiration is the combined loss of water from the soil and wet surfaces due to evaporation and plants due to transpiration • ET is an estimate of potential planted-area water demand in
Drip Irrigation • Most Efficient Irrigation Method • Is 90% efficient compared to 65% or less with other systems • Equipment is readily available and easy to installed • May be exempt from water restrictions imposed during drought • Reduces water loss due to evaporation • Reduces runoff • Reduces leaching of water and nutrients below the root zone • Saves Money
Drip Irrigation • • • • • • • •
Orchards Vineyards Greenhouse Vegetable Fields Flower Garden Shrub Areas Groundcover Areas Lawns
Types of Drip Irrigation
Types of Drip Irrigation • Soaker Hoses – Easy to bend around shrubby
• 1/2 tubing – Add emitters only where you want water
• Netafim – Self flushing built-in emitters
• Micro Emitters – Place where you want water
• Purple Pipe – Non-potable water
Drip Irrigation Pressure • Minimum operating pressure for a drip system is 15 psi maximum is 25-30 psi • Use pressure regulator
Water Source • Well – Pump
• Cistern – Pump
• Municipal • Water Pressure
Soaker Hose
Hose Caddy
Drip Irrigation Connections
Backflow Preventer
Drip Irrigation Connectors
Drip Irrigation Materials
Emitter Added to Line
Placement and Wetting Pattern
In-Line Emitters
Irrigation Valve
Timers
Irrigation Controllers
Smart Controllers • ET • Soil Moisture
Run Time • Emitters – Figure gallons per hour
• Run for 30 minutes • Test for depth and spread • Water 6 inches deep
Irrigation Audit Purpose: • Check Irrigation Efficiency • Create an Efficient Irrigation Schedule • Identify Problems with Irrigation System • Potential Water Savings • Potential Dollar Savings • Improved Water Distribution • Increased Quality of Landscape • Excellent Neighbor Relations • Most Accurate Method to Determine Run Times
Converting Existing System
Micro Drip Irrigation
Winter Maintenance • If freeze is expected – Disconnect from faucet to drain
Rain Sensor
Subsurface Irrigation
Soil Wetting Patterns Downward, pulled by gravity Outward and Upward, pulled by capillary action
Irrigation BMPs • • • • • • • • •
Water only when required. Only judge water requirements in the morning. Water deeply to promote deep and healthy roots. One inch of water will generally penetrate the soil to a depth of six inches. Water slowly for better absorption. Use drip or soaker hoses wherever possible Never water on windy days Water late at night or early in the morning to reduce wasteful evaporation Maintain a 2 to 4 inch mulch layer in flower, groundcover, garden and shrub areas Water newly planted flowers, shrubs and trees individually
