Oleh: Dimas Rahadian AM, S.TP. S.TP. M.Sc Email:
[email protected] JURUSAN JURU SAN ILMU DAN DAN TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI PANGAN PANGAN UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
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O i l Pa l m S e ed P r o d u c t i o n Oil Palm Plantation Palm Oil Mill Palm Oil Refinery
PRINSIP PENGOLAHAN SAWIT • • • • • • •
Sterilisasi tandan buah segar (TBS) Pelepasan buah dari tandan Pengepresan buah untuk mendapatkan minyak Penjernihan minyak Pemisahan serat dan biji Pemecahan biji Pemisahan inti dan cangkang
PRODUK • CPO • INTI SAWIT
UTILITAS • • • •
Penyediaan uap (steam) Pembangkitan listrik Pengolahan air Pengelalaan limbah
PEMANENAN....
PENGANGKUTAN....
PENERIMAAN BUAH....
LOADING RAMP....
PEREBUSAN / STERILISASI.... Tujuan : ○
Enzim ≠ FFA
○
Pelepasan buah
○
Preparasi mesokarp
○
Preconditioning kernel
Mesin : Horizontal vessels P 3 kg cm-2 ; T 1430C ; t under steam 60 min
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Gambar 3.1. Skema alat Sterilizer tipe horizontal a. pipa saluran uap masuk; b. Manometer; c. pintu masuk; d. pintu keluar; e. Lori; f. kran afblas
Kurva Perebusan Tiga Puncak 3
45'
2,8
) 2 m 2,5 c / g k ( 2
2,5 2,3
m a e t s 1,5 n a n 1 a k e T
11'
12'
14'
Steam 4'
2'
2'
0,5 0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Waktu (menit)
Triple Peak Sterilization
70
80
90
100
PELEPASAN BUAH DARI TANDAN... Tempat masuknya tandan buah kelapa sawit dari feeder
Shaking and beating (hentakan) buah
lepas dari tandan
Mesin: Drum horizontal Tromol pemipil
Ø = 1,8 – 2 m; l = 3 – 5 m; rotasi = 20 – 25 rpm
Tempat pengeluaran tandan kosong
PENGHANCURAN... Tujuan :
Diges ter
digest mesocarp’s cells
Reheat
Loosen pericarp-nuts
Mesin :Silinder vertikal Dilengkapi pisau pengaduk T 95 – 1000C; waktu operasi 20 min
PENGEPRESAN...
Hasil pengepresan :
minyak (66%) ; air (24%); padatan tersuspensi (10%) Sisa pengepresan :
cake : serabut, biji
PENJERNIHAN MINYAK... MINYAK (66%), AIR (24%) DAN PADATAN TERSUSPENSI (10%)
Dilution with water Screening Settling Vacuum drying
Cooling Storage OIL mc 0.1-0.2%; Impurities <0.02%
PEMURNIAN MINYAK MENTAH (Refining)
Menghilangkan impurities yang tidak berguna, mempertahankan minor component s yang berguna dan mendapatkan trigliserida sebanyak mungkin namun tetap ekonomis Degumming Netralisasi Bleaching Deodorisasi
penghilangan
gum penghilangan asam lemak bebas (FFA) penghilangan warna penghilangan bau
Hoisting Crane (3 unit)
KEBUN Blowoff Silencer
Transport
NOT USED
Weigh Bridge Auto Feeder
Condensat
Main Steam Auxiliary Steam
Deaerasi Exhaust
Loading Ramp @ 12 doors
HEB Conv. Thresher (3 unit)
Blowdown Chamber
IEB Conv. Under Thresher Conv.
Lorry 105 unit Sterilizer (4 unit) Bollard Transfer Carriage (2 unit)
Sand Settling
S. Rokan Raw Water Pump Water Tank Deaerator ClarifierTank Hydrant
Sand Settling
Feed Water Pump
Fuel Dist. Conv.
Shell Hopper
Incinerator Condensat Pit
Secondary Dep. Fan
Sec. Dep. Cyclone
Mulching
LTDS 1 Cyclone
LTDS 1 Fan
LTDS 2 Cyclone Wet Shell Elevator
ShellConveyor
Dilution Pump
Nut Basculator
Softener Domestic
Vibrating Grate
LTDS 2 Fan
Ripple Mill CM Conveyor
Screw Press Cake Breaker Conveyor Polishing Drum
Recycling Tank Vacuum Pump
a P k 3
m a e t S
Turbine Cooler Pump
Oil Gutter
Wet Kernel Conv. Shell Pump Kernel Distr. Conveyor Kernel Drier No. 1
Oil Recycling Pump
Brush Strainer
Vacuum Drier
ke Proses Kernel Disch. Conveyor
KD. Fan 2.2 Kernel Hopper
Kernel Sorting Belt Conv.
Winnowing Fan Storage Chain Conveyor
Genset Back Pressure Vessel (BPV) 250 kW (2 unit) 150 kW (1 unit) Kernel Despatch Hopper Kernel Kernel Silo 1 Desp. Kernel Despatch Elevator Conveyor
Kernel Silo 2
Oil Collecting Pump
Sludge Tank Clarifier Tank
Collecting Tank
Sludge Basculator
Effluent Pump
Sludge Pit Oil Storage Tank No.1
Clarifier Tank
Sand Cyclone
Oil Storage Tank No.2
Sand Settling Tank Sludge Desanding Pump
Purifier (4 unit) Wet Oil Pump
Kernel Basculator Kernel Storage Elevator
Sludge Buffer Tank
Sludge Centrifuge (7 unit) WetOil Tank
Kernel Drier No. 2
Sand Trap Tank
CO Pump
DistributingTank
Float Tank
Kernel Pump
KD. Fan 1.2
Crude Oil Tank
ke Sterilizer KD. Fan 2.1
Bottom Cross Conv.
Incl. Nut Conveyor
Hidrosiklon
SteamTurbine 650 kW (3 unit)
Fruit Elevator
Digester
Ke Hot W ater Tank
KernelConv.
Water Tube Boiler18t/h(Mechmar-2unit); Boiler 20 t/h(Atmindo-1 unit) KD. Fan 1.1
Top Cross Conv.
Vibrating Screen (4 unit) Wet Shell Conv.
Fiber Shell Conv.
Distributing Conveyor
Nut Hopper CM Elevator
CM Polishing Drum
Wet Kernel Elevator
a P k 0 2 m a e t S
Ke Concrete Bak
Depericarper Cyclone
Depericarper Fan
SWT
Gravity Sand Filter
HEB Conv. Capstan
Hanging bridge
Anaerobic Anaerobic Pond 1 Pond 2
Contact Pond 1
Contact Pond 2
ke Land Aplikasi Mixing Mixing Pond 1 Pond 2 Anaerobic Pond 3 Cooling Mixing Aerobic Pond 1 Pond 3 Pond Anaerobic Cooling Mixing Pond 4 Pond 2 Pond 4
Standar Mutu Minyak Goreng...
Keadaan ; bau dan rasa normal Kadar air maksimal 0,3 persen Kadar asam lemak bebas maksimal 0,3 persen sebagai asam laurat Kadar kotoran maksimal 0,05 persen. Bilangan peroksida maksimal 5 mg oks/gr sampel jumlah meq oksigen yang terdapat pada 100 g minyak . Bilangan penyabunan 255-265 Bilangan Iodium 8-10
