práctica N° 4. extracción de la cafeína del té

UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE QUIMICA LABORATORIO LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA I -A EXTRACCION DE LA CAFEINA DEL TE

INTRODUCCION

La cafeína ha s!" c"ns#$!a !#%an&e s'("s a )esa% !e ("s n&en&"s %e)e&!"s !e )%"h )%"h* *% % s# #s" #s" )"% )"% $"& $"&+" +"ss $"%a $"%a(e (es, s, ec"n ec"n$ $c c"s "s,, $.! $.!c" c"ss " )"(í )"(í&&c" c"s/ s/ E( !esc#*%$en&" !e( caf. &#+" (#'a% en e( s'(" I0 en A%a*a/ Se c#(&+ )"% )%$e%a +e1 en E&")ía, !e (a $s$a f"%$a 2#e e( &. en Chna 3 e( caca" en A$.%ca !e( S#%/ En e( s'(" 0V se !esa%%"(( (a &.cnca !e &"s&a% 3 $"(e% ("s '%an"s !e caf. 3 e( c"ns#$" !e ("s )%"!#c&"s c"n cafeína se e4)an! %5)!a$en&e )"% &"!" e( $#n!"/ La cafeína es #na s#s&anca 2#e se enc#en&%a en ce%&as )(an&as na&#%a(es 3 )#e!e )%"!#c%se sn&.&ca$en&e en (a*"%a&"%"/ Se ("ca(1a en can&!a!es +a%a*(es en (as se$((as, (as h"6as 3 ("s f%#&"s !e a('#nas )(an&as, !"n!e ac&7a c"$" #n )es&c!a na&#%a( 2#e )a%a(1a 3 $a&a ce%&"s nsec&"s 2#e se a($en&an !e (as )(an&as/ Se enc#en&%a en e( caf., &., ch"c"(a&e, 3"c", caca" 3, en *e*!as !e c"(a 3 ene%'.&cas/ Ta$* Ta$*. .n n se enc# enc#en en&%a &%an n en *e* *e*!a !ass 2#e 2#e c"n& c"n&e ene nen n '#a% '#a%an an5 5 3 a $en# $en#!" !" c"$" c"$" n'%e! n'%e!e en&e n&e en ("s ("s s#)(e s#)(e$en $en&"s &"s !e ).%! ).%!!a !a !e )es" )es" 3 ene%' ene%'1a 1an&e n&es, s, (as (as *e*!a *e*!ass !e)"%&+as, )%e)a%ac"nes )%e)a%ac"nes he%*a(es 3 ana('.sc"s/ E( caf. caf.,, &. 3 ("s ("s %ef% %ef%es esc" c"ss s"n s"n (as (as f#en f#en&e &ess !e cafe cafeín ína a c"ns c"ns#$ #$! !as as c"n c"n $a3" $a3"%% f%ec#enca/ Las !"ss )%esen&es en ("s s#)(e$en&"s, (as *e*!as 3 (as $e!cnas !e +en&a sn %ece&a n" +a%ían $#ch"/ L"s e4)e%&"s %ec"$en!an 'ene%a($en&e ($&a% (a n'es&a en &"%n" a 899 $' a( !ía/ La cafeína es #n )"(+" n"!"%", nc"("%" 3 a$a%'"/ F%e!%ch Fe%!nan! R#n'e (a as( !e( caf. en :;:< 3 !e( &. en :;=>, )e%" s# es&%#c&#%a 2#í$ca n" se !esc%* has&a :;>? :;>? )"% )"% E/ Fsc Fsche he%/ %/ La cafe cafeín ína a @:,8 @:,8,> ,>-&% -&%$ $e& e&((4a 4an& n&n na a 3 ("s ("s "&%" "&%"ss a(ca a(ca(" ("! !es es $e& $e&(4 (4an an&ín &ínc c"s "s,, c"$" c"$" (a &e"* &e"*%" %"$ $na na @8,> @8,>-! -!$ $e& e&((4a 4an& n&n na a 3 (a &e"f &e"f((n na a @:,8 @:,8-!$e&(4an&na, s"n !e%+a!"s !e( '%#)" !e (as 4an&nas, 2#e a s# +e1 se !e%+an !e (as )#%nas/ Ta$*.n es c"n"c!a )"% e( n"$*%e &eína, '#a%anína " $a&eína/ Es &a$*.n #n !e%+a!" !e )#%na 3 )"% (" &an&" es&5 %e(ac"na!" c"n (as *ases &)" )#%nas !e ("s 5c!"s n#c(ec"s 3 c"n e( 5c!" 7%c"/ S#s es&%#c&#%as 2#í$cas se $#es&%an a c"n&n#acn

UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE QUIMICA LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA I -A

 N#$e%acn !e #na 0an&na

La cafeína es (a s#s&anca )sc"ac&+a $5s a$)(a$en&e #&(1a!a en e( $#n!", 3 s# c"ns#$" )a%a fa+"%ece% (a a(e%&a 3 a(+a% e( cansanc" n" )%"!#ce !a" en (a $a3"%ía !e (as )e%s"nas/ A#n2#e $5s !.*( 2#e "&%"s es&$#(an&es, (a cafeína c"$)a%&e ce%&"s sín&"$as !e (a n&"4cacn, &"(e%anca 3 a*s&nenca ca#sa!"s )"% esas s#s&ancas en a('#n"s n!+!#"s/ La cafeína es #n es&$#(an&e !e( ss&e$a ne%+"s" cen&%a( %e(a&+a$en&e !.*(/ Tene efec&" !#%.&c" 3 es&$#(an&e !e( $"ca%!"/ Re(a6a ("s $7sc#("s (s"s, fa+"%ece (a +as"!(a&acn, c"n&%ae (as a%&e%as ce%e*%a(es, a#$en&a (a sec%ecn 5c!a !e( es&$a'" 3 )"&enca (a c"n&%accn !e( $7sc#(" es2#e(.&c"/ Las !"ss "%a(es !e =99 $' )#e!en e(e+a% e( h#$"%, ca#sa% ns"$n", a#$en&a% (a %%&a*(!a!, n!#c% anse!a! 3 !s$n#% e( cansanc"/


La n'es&a c%nca " n&ensa, !e ?99 $' " $5s a( !ía, ca#sa n&"4cacn 2#e se $anfes&a c"n ne%+"ss$", ns"$n", h)e%ac!e1 '5s&%ca, c"n&%acc"nes $#sc#(a%es, c"nf#sn, &a2#ca%!a " a%%&$a ca%!íaca 3 a'&acn )sc"$"&%1/ La n'es&a !e #na !"ss (e&a( es e4&%e$a!a$en&e %a%a, )e%" )#e!e "c#%%% c"n f5%$ac"s 2#e c"n&enen cafeína " c"n (a nfes&a "%a( !e :9 '/ Se ha !esc%&" !e)en!enca físca 3 )sc"('ca c"n e( c"ns#$" c%nc" !e $5s !e ?99 $'!ía/ Sn e$*a%'", (a !e)en!enca )#e!e "c#%%% en a('#n"s n!+!#"s c"n !"ss $en"%es/ L"s sín&"$as !e a*s&nenca c"$#nca!"s c"n $a3"% f%ec#enca nc(#3en cefa(ea, %%&a*(!a!, s"$n"(enca 3 cansanc", 2#e a)a%ecen en&%e :=-= h"%as !es)#.s !e s#s)en!e% (a n'es&a/ PRESENCIA

Y

CONTENIDO

DE CAFEINA

EN ALGUNAS

PREPARACIONES

COMUNES

Se c"ns'#e en (as )(an&as c"n"c!as c"$" caf. 3 &./ Ta$*.n es&a )%esen&e en (a n#e1 !e c"(a, en (as h"6as !e $a&e, en (as se$((as !e '#a%an5 3 en )e2#eas can&!a!es en ("s '%an"s !e caca"/ E( c"n&en!" !e cafeína en ("s '%an"s !e caf. es !e a)%"4$a!a$en&e :-=  en )es" 3 en (as h"6as !e &. a)%"4$a!a$en&e =- / Sn e$*a%'", !e*!" a (as !fe%encas en ("s $.&"!"s !e e(a*"%acn, #na &a1a !e caf. !e &a$a" )%"$e!" c"n&ene a)%"4$a!a$en&e e( !"*(e !e cafeína 2#e e( !e #na &a1a !e &./ E( c"n&en!" !e cafeína en (a *e*!as !e c"(a "sc(a en&%e 9 H ?9 $' )"% ca!a en+ase !e := "n1as/ M#ch"s ana('.sc"s c"$e%ca(es &a$*.n c"n&enen cafeína )a%a c"n&%a%%es&a% e( efec&" a!"%$ece!"% )%"!#c!" )"% ("s n'%e!en&es ac&+"s !e &a(es )%e)a%ac"nes/

UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE QUIMICA LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA I -A USOS Y EFECTOS TOXICOS DE LA CAFEINA

Recen&e$en&e ha e4s&!" )%e"c#)acn !e*!" a 2#e, es&%#c&#%a($en&e ha*(an!", (a cafeína se ase$e6a a (as *ases &)" )#%na, a!enna 3 '#anna, 2#e %e)%esen&an !"s !e (as cnc" *ases )%nc)a(es 2#e e( "%'ans$" #sa )a%a f"%$a% ("s 5c!"s n#c(ec"s DNA 3 RNA/ Se &e$e 2#e (a s#s&&#cn !e cafeína )"% a!enna " '#anna en c#a(2#e%a !e es&as s#s&ancas !e $)"%&anca 'en.&ca )"!%ía c"n!#c% a !efec&"s c%"$"s$c"s/ E( c"ns#$" e4ces+" !e &. )#e!e ca#sa% !efcenca !e +&a$na B: @&a$na/ Se s#'e%e 2#e ("s &ann"s !e( &. )#e!en f"%$a% #n c"$)(e6" c"n (a &a$na, n#&(15n!"(a )a%a s# f#ncn $e&a*(ca/ La cafeína &a$*.n )#e!e %e!#c% ("s n+e(es !e (a en1$a &%ans2#e&"(a1a, (a c#a( !e)en!e !e (a )%esenca !e &a$na )a%a s# ac&+!a!/ L"s n+e(es *a6"s !e es&a en1$a )"!%ían )%"!#c% ("s $s$"s sín&"$as 2#e ("s *a6"s n+e(es !e &a$na/ La cafeína )%esen&a #na cn.&ca !e e($nacn !e &)" Mchae(s-Men&en, %es#(&an!" en #na fa%$ac"cn.&ca n" (nea( a !"ss a(&as )"% sa&#%acn en1$5&ca/ E( s"en1$a !e( c&%"c%"$" P-?9 @CP he)5&c" s#*fa$(a :A, 'en = @CP:A= $e&a*"(1a )"% !es$e&(acn (a $a3"%ía !e (a cafeína @

UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE QUIMICA LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA I -A PROCESO DE AISLAMIENTO DE LA CAFEINA

En es&e e4)e%$en&" se aís(a (a cafeína !e (as h"6as !e( &./ E( )%nc)a( )%"*(e$a c"n e( as(a$en&" es 2#e (a cafeína n" se enc#en&%a s"(a en (as h"6as !e &., sn" 2#e se enc#en&%a ac"$)aa!" !e "&%as s#s&ancas na&#%a(es, !e (as c#a(es !e*e se% se)a%a!a/ E( )%nc)a( c"$)"nen&e !e es&as h"6as !e &. es (a ce(#("sa (a c#a( c"ns&e e( )%nc)a( $a&e%a( es&%#c&#%a( !e &"!as (as )(an&as/ La ce(#("sa es #n )"(í$e%" !e (a '(#c"sa/ P"% "&%a )a%&e, (a cafeína es s"(#*(e en a'#a 3 es #n" !e ("s c"$)"nen&es )%nc)a(es 2#e se e4&%aen en (a s"(#cn 2#e !en"$na$"s &./ C"n6#n&a$en&e c"n (a cafeína se e4&%aen a('#n"s "&%"s c"$)#es&"s, en&%e e(("s ("s ((a$a!"s &ann"s/ L"s &ann"s &a$*.n se !s#e(+en en a'#a ca(en&e #sa!a )a%a &%a&a% (as h"6as !e &./ E( &.%$n" &ann" n" se %efe%e a #n s"(" c"$)#es&" h"$"'.ne" " a s#s&ancas 2#e )"seen es&%#c&#%a 2#í$ca s$(a%/ Se %efe%e a #na c(ase !e c"$)#es&"s 2#e &enen ce%&as )%")e!a!es en c"$7n/ L"s &ann"s s"n c"$)#es&"s fen(c"s 2#e &enen )es"s $"(ec#(a%es en&%e ?99 3 8999 '$"( 3 se #san a$)(a$en&e )a%a &%a&a% c#e%"s, en (a $an#fac&#%a !e &n&as, )a)e( 3 se!a, )a%a c(a%fca% +n" 3 ce%+e1a 3 en ("s )%"ces"s f"&"'%5fc"s/ Es&e &)" !e c"$)#es&"s &enen (a )%")e!a! !e )%ec)&a% a(ca("!es 3 )%"&eínas 2#e se enc#en&%an !s#e(&as en s"(#c"nes ac#"sas/ Se !+!en en !"s c(ases h!%(1a*(es, 3 c"n!ensa!"s " n" h!%(1a*(es/ L"s &ann"s !e( )%$e% &)" s"n .s&e%es !e #n sac5%!" #s#a($en&e '(#c"sa, c"n #na " $as #n!a!es !e 5c!" &%h!%"4*encenca%*"4í(c" @5c!" '5(c"/ Re)%esen&an es&%#c&#%as en (as c#a(es a('#n"s !e ("s '%#)"s h!%"4(" !e (a '(#c"sa han s!" es&e%fca!"s )"% '%#)"s es)ecífc"s/ P%"!#cen '(#c"sa 3 5c!" '5(c" c#an!" se h!%"(1an/ L"s &ann"s n" h!%(1a*(es 2#e se enc#en&%an en e( &. s"n )"(í$e%"s !e c"n!ensacn !e (a ca&e2#na, !e%+a!"s !e ("s f(a+"n"!es/ Es&"s c"$)#es&"s n" )%esen&an #nf"%$!a! en s# es&%#c&#%a/ Las $"(.c#(as !e ca&e2#na se enc#en&%an #s#a($en&e en(a1a!as en (as )"sc"nes  3 ;/ Taninos hidrolizables

E( $5s es&#!a!" es )en&a'a("( '(#c"sa @PGG, a( 2#e se (e %ec"n"ce ce%&a ac&+!a! an& cance%í'ena, an&!a*.&ca 3 an&"4!an&e en $"!e("s e4)e%$en&a(es n +&%"/ La ac&+!a! an& cance%í'ena n ++" !e (a PGG se ha )%"*a!" )a%a c5nce% !e )%s&a&a 3 )#($n/ En a$*"s )a!ec$en&"s, e( s#$ns&%" !e PGG en !"ss !e  a =? $'J' !e


%a&a nh*e fac&"%es !e c%ec$en&" &#$"%a( 3 +asc#(a%/ N" s"(" $)!e e( c%ec$en&" !e &#$"%es, sn" &a$*.n !s$n#3e s# &a$a", $)!en!" )%"ces"s !e an'"'.ness @c%ec$en&" +asc#(a% $#3 c"$7n en $e&5s&ass, 3 (a s#)%esn !e (a e4)%esn !e "nc")%"&eínas/ O&%"s es&#!"s e4h*en a es&"s &ann"s c"n ac&+!a! an&&#$"%a( c"n&%a sa%c"$as/ E( efec&" an& !a*.&c" f#e )%"*a!" c"n #na +a%e!a! K-PGG en a!)"c&"s, !"n!e se "*se%+ 2#e e( &ann" &enía #n efec&" $#3 s$(a% a( !e (a ns#(na, )#es&" 2#e se #nía a ("s %ece)&"%es es)ecífc"s !e ns#(na !e (a $e$*%ana ce(#(a%, fa+"%ecen!" e( &%ans)"%&e !e (a '(#c"sa a( n&e%"% !e (a c.(#(a, a#n en a#senca !e es&a h"%$"na/ Es&e %es#(&a!" f#e c"$)%"*a!" n ++" en %a&"nes !a*.&c"s 3 "*es"s, !"n!e (a a!$ns&%acn !e (a $s$a PGG, )%"+"c $a3"% %ess&enca a (a '(#c"sa 3 *a6"s n+e(es en san'%e/ En c#an&" a s# ac&+!a! c"$" an&"4!an&e, en #na c"ncen&%acn !e :99 '$L, (a PGG f#e ca)a1 !e ne#&%a(1a% n +&%" es)eces a(&a$en&e %eac&+as, c"$" e( s#)e%4!" 3 %a!ca( h!%"4(", así c"$" !s$n#% (a )e%"4!acn !e (í)!"s !e $e$*%anas ce(#(a%es/ Ca*e $enc"na% 2#e a c"ncen&%ac"nes $a3"%es, !e =99-99 '$L, n" se "*se%+a e( $s$" efec&"/ En es&e c"n&e4&", se "*se%+a #na $)"%&an&e accn *"('ca !e( &ann" h!%"(1a*(e PGG 2#e )#e!e %e)%esen&a% #na ac&+!a! a(&a a $#3 *a6as c"ncen&%ac"nes/ Es $)"%&an&e c"ns!e%a%, a!e$5s, 2#e ("s efec&"s f#e%"n "*se%+a!"s in vitro, )"% (" 2#e, a#n2#e es&"s es&#!"s )%")"%c"nan #na *#ena !ea !e s# $ecans$" !e accn, $#chas +eces n" %ef(e6an !e( &"!" s# ac&+!a! *"('ca/ A#n así, es $)"%&an&e ((e+a% a ca*" es&e &)" !e es&#!"s *5sc"s 2#e s#'e%an e( $ecans$" !e accn 3 )e%$&an &ene% *ases )a%a )(an&ea% )"s&e%"%es es&#!"s 2#e c"ns!e%en n&e%+enc"nes $.!cas c"n&%"(a!as c"n es&as s#s&ancas )#%fca!as, " *en, c"n a($en&"s %c"s en e((as/

/


Taninos ondensados!

L"s &ann"s c"n!ensa!"s han s!" $5s es&#!a!"s %es)ec&" a s# ac&+!a! an&"4!an&e, a!e$5s !e 2#e se ha %e)"%&a!" 2#e )"seen *enefc"s a (a sa(#! )"% s# ac&+!a! an&*ac&e%a(

" *ac&e%"s&5&c", an&ca%cn"'.nca, nh*!"%a !e (a

)e%"4!acn ()í!ca, 3 !e (a a'%e'acn )(a2#e&a%a %e(ac"na!a a (a f"%$acn !e &%"$*"s en ss&e$a c%c#(a&"%"/ In ++" se ha "*se%+a!" e( efec&" *ac&e%"s&5&c" !e( 6#'" !e a%5n!an", a&%*#!" a ("s &ann"s c"n!ensa!"s )%esen&es/ E( 6#'" !e a%5n!an" n" s"(" $an&ene sa(#!a*(e e( &%ac&" #%na%" )"% (a ac!fcacn !e( $e!", sn" a!e$5s (as )%"an&"can!nas )%esen&es en e( 6#'" e4h*en ac&+!a! an&*ac&e%a(, $)!en!" (a a!hesn !e E/ c"( a s#)e%fces ce(#(a%es !e( &%ac&" #%na%"/ E( es&#!" !e (a ac&+!a! an&"4!an&e !e &ann"s c"n!ensa!"s

in vitro e in vivo !e$#es&%a

2#e

s"n sec#es&%a!"%es efec&+"s !e %a!ca(es (*%es, 2#e nh*en (a "4!acn !e &e6!"s $e6"% 2#e (a +&a$na C, +&a$na E 3 -ca%"&en"/

In vitro,

se ha !e$"s&%a!" 2#e ("s

&ann"s c"n!ensa!"s &enen #na )%efe%enca )"% ne#&%a(1a% e( %a!ca( (*%e h!%"4(" @O/ Así $s$", se !e$"s&% 2#e &enen (a ca)ac!a! !e ac&#a% c"$" nh*!"%es n" c"$)e&&+"s !e (a en1$a 4an&na "4!asa, #na !e (as $a3"%es 'ene%a!"%as !e %a!ca(es (*%es en e( $e&a*"(s$" ce(#(a% / P"% 7(&$", (a ac&+!a! an&"4!an&e !e &ann"s c"n!ensa!"s &ene (a ca)ac!a! !e e+&a% (a "4!acn !e ()")%"&eínas !e *a6a !ens!a! @LDL 3 )"% e((" nh*e (a f"%$acn !e &%"$*"ss en )e%s"nas c"n )a!ec$en&"s ca%!ac"s c"$" (a


a&e%"sc(e%"ss/ O&%"s es&#!"s s#'e%en 2#e (a a!$ns&%acn !e e4&%ac&" !e se$((a !e #+a &ene efec&" h)"c"(es&e%"(e$an&e en $"!e("s an$a(es, es)ecífca$en&e !s$n#3e (as c"ncen&%ac"nes !e LDL en )(as$a 3 a#$en&a (as ()")%"&eínas !e a(&a !ens!a! @DL c"n"c!as c"$" c"(es&e%"( *#en" / N" ca*e !#!a !e (a ac&+!a! an&"4!an&e 2#e &ann"s c"n!ensa!"s e4h*en in vitro,

in vivo e

!e &a( $ane%a 2#e se )"!%ía c"ns!e%a% %ec"$en!a*(e nc(#% #n *#en a)"%&e

!e es&"s &ann"s en (a !e&a )a%a '"1a% !e ("s *enefc"s a (a sa(#! 2#e +an %e(ac"na!"s c"n s# ca)ac!a! an&"4!an&e/ A('#n"s !e es&"s *enefc"s )#e!en se% (a nh*cn !e (a "4!acn ()í!ca, así c"$" s# efec&" an& ca%cn"'.nc", 2#e +a $#3 ('a!" a )%e+en% !a"s a( ADN ca#sa!"s )"% %a!ca(es (*%es, 3 e( )"s&e%"% !esa%%"((" !e c.(#(as $#&an&es " cance%í'enas/ Sn e$*a%'", se !e*e $enc"na% 2#e (as n&e%+enc"nes 2#e "*se%+a%"n es&"s %es#(&a!"s &an )%"+ech"s"s s"*%e (a sa(#! han s!" en $"!e("s an$a(es 3 n" en n&e%+enc"nes c(íncas c"n se%es h#$an"s/ P"% "&%a )a%&e, (as !"ss s#$ns&%a!as s"n $5s a(&as 2#e (as 2#e se )#e!en "*&ene% !%ec&a$en&e !e f#en&es +e'e&a(es )%esen&es en (a !e&a !e #n n!+!#" )%"$e!"/

C#an!" ("s &ann"s s"n e4&%aí!"s en a'#a ca(en&e, ("s !e( &)" h!%"(1a*(e s"n )a%ca($en&e h!%"(1a!"s (" c#a( s'nfca 2#e se )#e!e enc"n&%a% 5c!" '5(c" (*%e en (a s"(#cn ac#"sa !e( &./ L"s &ann"s !e*!" a s#s '%#)"s fen(c"s 3 e( 5c!" '5(c" !e*!" a s#s '%#)"s ca%*"4(" s"n c"$)#es&"s 2#e )%esen&an #n '%a!" !e ac!e1 a)%eca*(e/


S a es&a s"(#cn se (e a'%e'a #na *ase &a( c"$" ca%*"na&" !e s"!" " h!%4!" !e s"!", se f"%$an sa(es ncas !e ca(c" " !e s"!" !e es&"s c"$)#es&"s 5c!"s, f5c($en&e s"(#*(es en a'#a ca(en&e/ La cafeína )#e!e e4&%ae%se en&"nces en #n s"(+en&e "%'5nc" ns"(#*(e en a'#a &a( c"$" e( !c("%"$e&an", 3a 2#e &an&" (as sa(es ncas !e ca(c" !e( 5c!" '5(c" c"$" ("s &ann"s n" s"n s"(#*(es en es&e s"(+en&e "%'5nc" 3 )e%$anecen !s#e(&"s en (a fase ac#"sa, (*e%an!" (a cafeína/ La e4&%accn !e (as h"6as !e &. !%ec&a$en&e c"n s"(+en&es n" )"(a%es @!c("%"$e&an" )a%a %e$"+e% (a cafeína )%"!#ce )"*%es %es#(&a!"s )#es&" 2#e es&a se enc#en&%a en (a )(an&a c"$" #n c"$)(e6" )a%ca($en&e nc" 2#e n" es $#3 s"(#*(e en s"(+en&es a)"(a%es/ E( c"("% $a%%n !e (a s"(#cn !e &. se !e*e a ("s )'$en&"s !e f(a+"n"!es 3 c("%"f(as 3 &a$*.n a s#s %es)ec&+"s )%"!#c&"s !e "4!acn/ A7n c#an!" (as c("%"f(as s"n s"(#*(es en !c("%"$e&an", (a '%an )a%&e !e (as "&%as s#s&ancas c"$)"nen&es !e (as h"6as !e &. n" (" s"n/ De es&a $ane%a, (a e4&%accn c"n !c("%"$e&an" !e (a s"(#cn *5sca !e &. %e$#e+e (a cafeína )%5c&ca$en&e )#%a/ E( !c("%"$e&an" es f5c($en&e %e$"+!" )"% e+a)"%acn, ca(en&an!" (a s"(#cn 2#e c"n&ene e( e4&%ac&" en #n *a" !e +a)"% !en&%" !e #na ca$)ana e4&%ac&"%a !e 'ases, " )"% !es&(acn 3a 2#e s# )#n&" !e e*#((cn es s#fcen&e$en&e *a6"/ La a)(cacn !e a('#na !e es&as &.cncas !e6a c"$" %es!#" (a cafeína c%#!a/ La cafeína se )#%fca en&"nces )"% %ec%s&a(1acn " )"% s#*($acn/ E( !c("%"$e&an" es #n s"(+en&e 2#e &ene #na &"4c!a! s'nfca&+a 3 se s"s)echa 2#e es #n c"$)#es&" cance%í'en" en h#$an"s/ N" n&en&e %es)%a% ("s +a)"%es !e es&e s"(+en&e/ L"s )%"ce!$en&"s 2#e n+"(#c%an e( #s" !e !c("%"$e&an" !e*en %ea(1a%se en e( n&e%"% !e (a ca$)ana e4&%ac&"%a !e 'ases/ C#an!" se #sa #n s"(+en&e !e *a6" )#n&" !e e*#((cn &a( c"$" e( .&e% e&í(c" @8? C " !c("%"$e&an" @:C, (a )%esn en e( n&e%"% !e( e$*#!" ce%%a!" se nc%e$en&a c"$" %es#(&a!" !e (a e+a)"%acn !e( s"(+en&e a (a &e$)e%a&#%a a$*en&e/ P"% es&a %a1n es esenca( )e%$&% (a sa(!a !e es&"s 'ases )a%a (*e%a% (a )%esn n&e%na !e( e$*#!"/

UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE QUIMICA LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA I -A INSTRUCCIONES ESPECIALES

Pa%a ((e+a% a ca*" es&e e4)e%$en&" e( es&#!an&e !e*e%5 (ee% (as &.cncas %e(ac"na!as c"n (a f(&%acn )"% s#ccn, f(&%acn )"% '%a+e!a!, e4&%accn c"n s"(+en&es @#s" !e e$*#!" !e se)a%acn, #s" !e a'en&es !esecan&es 3 s#*($acn/ PROCEDIMIENTO EXPERIMENTAL

Ca(en&e a e*#((cn :99 $L !e a'#a en #n +as" !e )%ec)&a!" !e =?9 $L, c"("2#e 8 *"(s&as !e &. ne'%" !e a)%"4$a!a$en&e = ' ca!a #na !e &a( $ane%a 2#e es&as 2#e!en s#$e%'!as en e( f"n!" !e( %ec)en&e, )e%" a( $s$" &e$)" c"('a!as haca f#e%a/ Pe%$&a 2#e (as *"(sas )e%$ane1can en c"n&ac&" c"n e( a'#a ca(en&e )"% #n $n#&"/ Re&%e (as *"(sas !e &. 3 c"(2#e(as en&%e !"s +!%"s !e %e("6/ P%es"nes (as *"(sas !e &. has&a 2#e e( e4ces" !e s"(#cn sea e4)%$!" 3 !e+#e(&" a( en+ase "%'na(/ Desca%&e (as *"(sas !e &./ Enf%íe (a s"(#cn !e &. has&a &e$)e%a&#%a a$*en&e #san!" *a" !e a'#a H he("/ T%as+ase e( (í2#!" a #n e$*#!" !e se)a%acn 3 e4&%5'a(" &%es +eces c"n )"%c"nes s#ces+as !e =9 $L !e !c("%"$e&an"/ A'&e (a $e1c(a %5)!a$en&e en f"%$a +'"%"sa )"% a)%"4$a!a$en&e #n $n#&"/ Las ca)as se se)a%a%an !es)#.s !e %e)"sa% )"% a('#n"s $n#&"s, a#n c#an!" se )"!%ía f"%$a% a('#na e$#(sn en (a n&e%fase !e (as ca)as "%'5nca 3 ac#"sa/ S es&" s#ce!e, n&en&e %"$)e% (a e$#(sn hacen!" '%a% e( e$*#!" s#a+e$en&e, s#6e&" )"% e( +5s&a'" en (a )a%&e nfe%"% )"% e( c#e((" " 2#e*%an!" (a e$#(sn a'&an!" (a n&e%fase c"n #na +a%((a !e +!%"/ Es)e%e en&%e !"s 3 c#a&%" $n#&"s/ S es&"s )%"ce!$en&"s n" f#nc"nan a'%e'#e :9 $L !e s"(#cn ac#"sa sa&#%a!a !e c("%#%" !e s"!", a'&e 3 se)a%e (as fases/ Se)a%e (a ca)a "%'5nca !%ec&a$en&e !es!e e( e$*#!" !e se)a%acn %ec*.n!"(a en #na f"(a ($)a/ T%as+ase (a ca)a !e !c("%"$e&an" a #n e$*#!" !e se)a%acn 3 (5+e(a !"s +eces c"n =9 $L !e s"(#cn f%ía !e h!%4!" !e s"!" M 3 #na +e1 c"n =9 $L !e a'#a !es&(a!a/ Se)a%e (a fase "%'5nca 3 s.2#e(a c"n #na ca)a !e s#(fa&" !e s"!" anhí!%!"/


La fase "%'5nca es se)a%a!a )"% f(&%acn )"% '%a+e!a!/ La ca)a !e !c("%"$e&an" se e+a)"%a )"% ca(en&a$en&" en #n *a" !e Ma%ía " #san!" #n %"&ae+a)"%a!"%/ La cafeína c%#!a se )#e!e %ec%s&a(1a% en (a $en"% can&!a! !e ace&"na " a'#a ca(en&e/ SU"LIMACION DE LA CAFEINA

Fna($en&e (a cafeína )#e!e se% )#%fca!a )"% s#*($acn/ A%$e #n a)a%a&" !e s#*($acn c"nss&en&e en #n &#*" !e ensa3" c"n sa(!a (a&e%a( 3 !e!" f%í"/ C"("2#e )a%&e !e (a cafeína a( f"n!" !e( &#*" !e ensa3" 3 c"n.c&e(e e( !e!" f%í" a6#s&an!" e( ss&e$a )"% $e!" !e #n &a)n !e '"$a 2#e se f6a a( &#*" !e ensa3"/ C"("2#e $an'#e%as !e '"$a a( !e!" f%" 3 ha'a )asa% a'#a )"% e( n&e%"% !e( $s$"/ F6e e( ss&e$a +e%&ca($en&e c"n #na )n1a a #n s")"%&e #n+e%sa( 3 c"n.c&e(" a #n ss&e$a !e +ací"/ A*%a (a ((a+e !e a'#a !e( ss&e$a !e +ací" 3 )%es"ne e( !e!" f%í" !en&%" !e( &#*" !e ensa3" has&a 2#e se "*&en'a #n *#en +ací" n&e%"%/ C#an!" se es&$e 2#e e4s&e #n *#en +ací" en e( ss&e$a, ca(en&e (a cafeína s#a+e 3 c#!a!"sa$en&e c"n #na ((a$a )e2#ea )a%a s#*($a% (a cafeína/ S"s&en'a e( $eche%" en s# $an" 3 a)(2#e ca("% $"+en!" (a ((a$a )"% ("s a(%e!e!"%es !e( f"n!" !e( &#*"/ S (a $e1c(a e$)e1a a f#n!%, %e&%e (a ((a$a )"% #n"s se'#n!"s an&es !e c"$en1a% n#e+a$en&e e( ca(en&a$en&"/ L"s c%s&a(es !e cafeína s#*($a!" se a!he%en a( !e!" f%"/ C#an!" (a s#*($acn se ha3a c"$)(e&a!", %e&%e e( $eche%" 3 )e%$&a 2#e e( a)a%a&" a(cance (a &e$)e%a&#%a a$*en&e/ C#an!" e( a)a%a&" es&e f%", %"$)a e( +ací" 3 c"n s#$" c#!a!" s"s&en'a e( !e!" f%" haca a*a6" a)(can!" #na ('e%a )%esn/ C#!a!"sa$en&e se)a%e e( !e!" f%" !e( %es&" !e( ss&e$a !e s#*($acn/ S es&a ")e%acn n" se efec&7a c"n e( c#!a!" !e*!", ("s c%s&a(es s#*($a!"s )"!%ían !es(1a%se !es!e (as )a%e!es e4&e%nas !e( !e!" f%" !"n!e se enc#en&%an a!he%!"s 3 cae% en e( f"n!" !e( &#*" !e ensa3", !"n!e se enc#en&%a e( %es!#"/ Ce%%e (a ((a+e 2#e (e s#$ns&%a a'#a a( !e!" f%" 3 !esc"nec&e (a $an'#e%a !e '"$a/ Re$#e+a (a cafeína a!he%!a a( !e!" f%", %as)an!" s#s )a%e!es c"n #na es)5&#(a )e2#ea %ec"'en!" ("s c%s&a(es s"*%e #n )a)e( f(&%"/ De&e%$ne e( )#n&" !e fsn !e (a cafeína )#%fca!a )"% es&e $.&"!" 3 c"$)a%e e( +a("% "*&en!" así c"$" e( c"("% !e ("s c%s&a(es "*&en!"s )a%a a$*"s )%"ces"s !e )#%fcacn/ L"s c%s&a(es !e (a cafeína &enen f"%$a en a'#6as @!e 9/=? ' a)%"4$a!a$en&e 3 &enen #n )#n&" !e f#sn !e =8?C/

UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE QUIMICA LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA I -A No#a

%$Ten'a (a )%eca#cn !e %ea(1a% (as e4&%acc"nes c"n !c("%"$e&an" en #n

(#'a% )e%fec&a$en&e +en&(a!" 3 (e6"s !e c#a(2#e% f(a$a " f#en&e !e ca(en&a$en&" )#es es $#3 +"(5&(/ No#a &%

N" "(+!a% (as &.cncas !e $ane6" !e e$*#!" !e !ecan&acn 3 !e c$" se

)%e)a%a e( )a)e( f(&%"/ De&e%$ne e( )#n&" !e fsn !e (a cafeína )#%fca!a )"% es&e $.&"!" 3 c"$)a%e e( +a("% "*&en!" así c"$" e( c"("% !e ("s c%s&a(es "*&en!"s )a%a a$*"s )%"ces"s !e )#%fcacn/ G#a%!e ("s c%s&a(es "*&en!"s en #n %ec)en&e !s)#es&" )a%a &a( fn/ CUESTIONARIO!

:/ In+es&'#e (a es&%#c&#%a !e (a cafeína e !en&f2#e en e((a ("s '%#)"s f#nc"na(es 2#e (a f"%$an/ =/ Q#. efec&" !e( ca%*"na&" !e s"!" )e%$&e 2#e (a se)a%acn !e (a cafeína sea efcen&e 8/ P"% 2#. se a'%e'a (a s"(#cn !e =SO a (a $e1c(a !e ca%*"na&" 3 &. ca(en&e / C#5( es (a fase "%'5nca en e( )%"ces" !e e4&%accn !e (a cafeína, (a nfe%"% " (a s#)e%"% In!2#. )"%2#./ ?/ a3 a('7n h!%'en" 5c!" en (a cafeína En cas" af%$a&+" n!2#e c#5(es/

práctica N° 4. extracción de la cafeína del té

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