PLAN DE TRABAJO DE GRADO MODALIDAD INVESTIGACIÓN
CÓDIGO
DESARROLLO E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE SOFTWARE PARA LA GESTIÓN DE INVENTARIO DE PARTES Y PRODUCTOS DE LA EMPRESA MULTIBOMBAS S.A.
UNIVERSIDAD INDUSTRIAL DE SANTANDER SANTANDER FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍAS FISICO MECÁNICAS ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA BUCARAMANGA, SEGUNDO PERIODO ACADÉMICO 201
PLAN DE TRABAJO DE GRADO
TÍTULO:
DESARROLLO E IMPLEMENTACIÓN IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE SOFTWARE PARA LA GESTIÓN DE INVENTARIO DE PARTES Y PRODUCTOS DE LA EMPRESA MULTIBOMBAS MULTIBOMBAS S.A.
PRESENTA PRESEN TADO DO A:
COMITÉ DE TRABAJOS DE GRADO
ESCUELA:
INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA
FACULTAD:
INGENIERÍAS FÍSICO MECÁNICAS
ELABORADO POR:
!UGO ENRI"UE ORTEGA BARCO
B#$%&%'%()%, D*$*+'&+ -+ 201
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CONTENIDO 1.
PLANT PLANTEA EAMI MIEN ENTO TO DEL DEL PROB PROBLE LEMA MA..................................................................4 1.1 CONTETUALI/ACIÓN DE LA EMPRESA .......................................................5 1.2 IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LAS SITUACIONES PROBLEMÁTICAS ............................6
2.
JUSTIF JUSTIFICA ICACIÓ CIÓN N PA PARA SOLUCIO SOLUCIONAR NAR EL PROB PROBLEM LEMA A ........................................8
.
OBJE OBJETI TIVO VOS S DEL DEL TRAB TRABAJ AJO O DE DE GRAD GRADO O............................................................9 .1 OBJETIVO GENERAL....................................................................................9 .2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ............................................................................9
.
JUST JUSTIF IFIC ICAC ACIÓ IÓN N DE DE LA LA SOLU SOLUCI CIÓN ÓN.................................................................10 .1 DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROCESO COMPLETO ..................................................10 .2 DESPLIEGUE DE LA FUNCIÓN CALIDAD......................................................11 .2.1 R+#+&*'*+(34 -+5 $3(4#'*-3& ...............................................................11 ...............................................................11 .2.2 O&)%(*6%$*7( -+ &+#+&*'*+(34...............................................................12 . MATRI/ CALIDAD .......................................................................................13 . TIPOS DE SUBSISTEMAS...........................................................................15 .8 PLANTEAMIENTO DE ALTERNATIVAS ..........................................................15 .8.1 A5+&(%*9% 1 ..........................................................................................16 .8.2 A5+&(%*9% 2 ..........................................................................................19 .8. A5+&(%*9% ..........................................................................................20 .: EVALUACIÓN DE ALTERNATIVAS ALTERNATIVAS................................................................22 .; ESPECIFICACIÓN DE LA ALTERNATIVA GANADORA .....................................23
8.
ANÁL ANÁLIS ISIS IS DE LA INFO INFORM RMAC ACIÓ IÓN N RECOP RECOPIL ILAD ADA A ...............................................24
:. GEST GESTIÓ IÓN N DEL DEL TRA TRABA BAJO JO DE DE GRAD GRADO O.............................................................26 :.1 :.1
PLA PLANTEAM TEAMIE IEN NTO DE DE TAREAS REAS................................................................26
:.1.1 E5%3&%& +5 <5%( =-*4+>3 $3($+<#%5? .........................................................26 :.1.2 D*4+>3 @4*$3 -+5 4*4+'% -+ *(3&'%$*7( .................................................26 :.1. D+4%&&3553 -+5 4*4+'% -+ *(3&'%$*7( .......................................................26 :.1. P&#+%4 -+5 43%&+ ..............................................................................27 :.1.8 E5%3&%$*7( -+ 5%4 '+'3&*%4 -+5 <&3+$3. ................................................27 :.2 DIAGRAMA DE GANTT ................................................................................27
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:. IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS NECESARIOS ...................................29 :. PRESUPUESTO...................................... ......................................................... ....................................... ................................. ............. 29 ANEOS........................................ ............................................................ ....................................... ....................................... .............................. .......... 33 BIBLIOGRAFÍA....................................... ........................................................... ........................................ ......................................... ..................... 56
LISTA DE FIGURAS 4
F*)#&% 1. P&3-#$34 -+ M#5*3'%4 S.A. ..................................................................5 F*)#&% 2. E9*-+($*% -+ 5% %5% -+ *(9+(%&*34 ..............................................................6 F*)#&% . P5%(% -+ +(4%'5%+ -+ M#5*3'%4 S.A. ..................................................7 F*)#&% . M7-#53 BUSCAR, <&*'+&% %5+&(%*9%. .......................................................17 F*)#&% 8. M7-#53 REGISTRAR, <&*'+&% %5+&(%*9%. ..................................................17 F*)#&% :. M7-#53 PEDIDOS, <&*'+&% %5+&(%*9%. ......................................................18 F*)#&% ;. M7-#53 INFORMES, <&*'+&% %5+&(%*9%. ....................................................18 F*)#&% . P%(%55% <&*($*<%5, 4+)#(-% %5+&(%*9%.......................................................20 F*)#&% .P%(%55% <&*($*<%5, +&$+&% %5+&(%*9%. ..........................................................21 F*)#&% 10.I(3&'+ *(-*9*-#%5, +&$+&% %5+&(%*9%. .......................................................21
LISTA DE TABLAS 5
T%5% 1. O&)%(*6%$*7( -+ &+#+&*'*+(34.................................................................12 T%5% 2. P#(%+ "FD $&*+&*34 -+ +9%5#%$*7(. ...........................................................22 T%5% . T%5% -+ +9%5#%$*7(..................................................................................23 T%5% . P&+4#<#+43 ............................................................................................29
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LISTA DE ANEXOS
ANEO A. GENERALIDADES SOBRE LOS INVENTARIOS......................................33 ANEO B. GESTIÓN DE INVENTARIOS.................................................................46 ANEO C. TIPOS DE SOFTWARE PARA LA GESTIÓN DE INVENTARIOS.................52
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1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA
1.1 CONTEXTUALIZACIÓ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
F#+(+ E5 %#3&.
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1.2 IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LAS SITUACIONES PROBLEMÁTICAS E( 534 K5*'34 %>34, 5% +'<&+4% H% 9+(*-3 +<+&*'+(%(-3 #(% <&-*-% +( 4# )%(%($*%, #+ 4+ +9*-+($*% <3& • • • • •
A#'+(3 +( +5 *+'<3 -+ +(4%'5%+ -+ 5%4 <*+6%4. D+'3&%4 +( 534 -+4<%$H34 -+ <+-*-34 % 534 $5*+(+4. E&&3&+4 &+$#+(+4 +( 5% 4+5+$$*7( K4#+-% -+ #(% -++&'*(%-% <*+6%. P+-*-34 % 534 <&39++-3&+4 -+'%4*%-3 &+$#+(+4. C3434 -+ *(9+(%&*3 '# +5+9%-34.
F*)#&% 2. E9*-+($*% -+ 5% %5% -+ *(9+(%&*34
F#+(+ E5 A#3&.
C3( +5 *( -+ *(+&<&+%& '+3& 5%4 4*#%$*3(+4 #+ 4+ +4@( <&+4+(%(-3 -+(&3 -+ 5% $3'<%>%, 4+ -+4$&*+( -+ #(% '%(+&% '@4 -+%55%-% $%-% #(% -+ +55%4. E5 %#'+(3 +( +5 *+'<3 -+ +(4%'5%+ -+ 5%4 <*+6%4 4+ <&+4+(% <3&#+ (3 4+ *+(+( <&+<%&%-34 3-34 534 $3'<3(+(+4 -+ $%-% '3-+53 -+ 3'% +( 4# &+4<+$*93 5#)%& -+ *(4%5%$*7(, 53 #+ )+(+&% +5 H+$H3 -+ +(+& #+ &%(4<3&%&5%4 -+(&3 -+ 5% <5%(%. D+*-3 % 53 %(+&*3&, 534 <+-*-34 H+$H34 <3& 534 $5*+(+4 %&-%(
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'@4 -+ 53 %$3&-%-3, $34% #+ *'<5*$% &+%5*6%& <%)34 %5 $5*+(+ <3& 5%4 -+'3&%4 3 <+&-+& +5 <+-*-3, <+&-*+(-3 %4 +5 &%%3 +5 -*(+&3 *(9+&*-34. E( $#%(3 % 534 +&&3&+4 &+$#+(+4 -+ 4+5+$$*7( -+ <*+6%4, 3$#&&+ -+*-3 % #+ (3 4+ *+(+( &++&+($*%4 -+ 534 -*4*(34 '3-+534 -+ <*+6%4 4+ H% 55+)%-3 %5 <#(3 -+ (3 +($3(&%& 5% <*+6% &+#+&*-%, H%$*+(-3 #+ +5 -+<%&%'+(3 -+ <&3-#$$*7( +'*% #(% 3&-+( -+ <+-*-3 % 534 <&39++-3&+4, <3& 53 #+ 4+ $3'<&%( -+ (#+93 <*+6%4 #+ <3-&%( +4%& -*4<3(*5+4 +( 3-+)%. T3-34 +434 %4<+$34 &+-#(-%( +( #( %#'+(3 4*)(**$%*93 -+5 $343 -+ 534 *(9+(%&*34, % #+ (3 4+ *+(+ 3&)%(*6%$*7( (* &+)*4&3.
F*)#&% . P5%(% -+ +(4%'5%+ -+ M#5*3'%4 S.A.
F#+(+ E5 A#3&.
10
2. JUSTIFICACIÓN PARA SOLUCIONAR EL PROBLEMA
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3. OBJETIVOS DEL TRABAJO DE GRADO
3.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL C3(&*#*& $3( 5% '*4*7( -+ 5% E4$#+5% -+ I()+(*+&% M+$@(*$% +( 5% $3(4&#$$*7(, %<5*$%$*7(, -*9#5)%$*7(, -+4%&&3553 &%(4+&+($*% -+ +$(353)%4, '+-*%(+ +5 -+4%&&3553 5% *'<5+'+(%$*7( -+ 43%&+ <%&% 5% )+4*7( -+ *(9+(%&*3 -+ <%&+4 <&3-#$34 -+ 5% +'<&+4% M#5*3'%4 S.A.
3.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS
D+4%&&355%& +5 &+)*4&3 -+ <*+6%4 <&3-#$34 '+-*%(+ +5 #43 -+ #(% %4+ -+
-%34. C5%4**$%& 534 +5+'+(34 &+)*4&%-34 $3( %4+ %5 '3-+53 %5 *<3 -+ <&3-#$3
#+ $3'<3(+(. G+(+&%& %4*)(%& #( $7-*)3 +4<+$*$3 % $%-% <*+6%, 4#$3(#(3 <&3-#$3
+&'*(%-3. I'<5+'+(%& #(% *(+&%6 #4#%&*3<&3)&%'% #+ %$*5*+ 5% $3(4#5% -+ 5%
o o o o o o o
*(3&'%$*7( %5'%$+(%-% -+ *(9+(%&*34. C&+%& *(3&'+4 +( #( *(+&9%53 -+ *+'<3 43&+ C%(*-%- -+ <&3-#$34 -+5 <+-*-3. T*<34 -+ <&3-#$34 <+-*-34. F&+$#+($*% *+'<34 -+ &+(39%$*7( -+ *(9+(%&*34. R3%$*7( -+ *(9+(%&*34. C3434 -+ *(9+(%&*34. A5+&%4 43&+ '%+&*%5+4 3 <*+6%4 %5%(+4. D+#-%4 % <&39++-3&+4.
4. JUSTIFICACIÓN DE LA SOLUCIÓN
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4.1 DESCRIPCIÓ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
&+5%$*3(%-%4 $3( 5% )+4*7( -+ *(9+(%&*34 -+ +4% '%(+&% <#+-% $3&&+)*& $%(*-%-+4 % <+-*&, *+'<34 -+ +(&+)%, +(&+ 3&34 %$3&+4.
4.2 DESPLIEGUE DE LA FUNCIÓN CALIDAD P%&% +5 -+4%&&3553 -+ +4% *'<3&%(+ H+&&%'*+(%, 4+ +4%5+$*+&3( <&*'+&3 534 55%'%-34 "UÉ CÓMO <%&% 5% &+%5*6%$*7( -+5 <&3+$3. E434 -34 <%&@'+&34 $3(4*4+( +( -+*(*& 5%4 (+$+4*-%-+4 #+ +5 $5*+(+ &+#*+&+ 4#<5*&, %4 $3'3 %'*( +4%5+$+& 5%4 $%&%$+&4*$%4 #(-%'+(%5+4 #+ 5% 435#$*7( -++&@ +(+& <%&% 33&)%& &+4#5%-34 4%*4%$3&*34.
4.2.1 R!"#$%$&'() *+ ,(&)"%$*(# L#+)3 -+ &+%5*6%& #( 43(-+3 $3( 534 -*9+&434 3<+&%&*34 -+ 5% <5%(%, $3( +5 <+&43(%5 %-'*(*4&%*93 $3( %5)#(34 -+ 534 <&39++-3&+4, 4+ +4%5+$*+&3( #(% 4+&*+ -+ $3(-*$*3(+4 #+ +5534 $3'3 #4#%&*34 *(%5+4 -+5 43%&+ $3(4*-+&%( #+ 43( *'<&+4$*(-*5+4 % 5% H3&% -+ -*4+>%&53. E4%4 $3(-*$*3(+4 3 $%&%$+&4*$%4 &+#+&*-%4 43(
C3'<%**5*-%- $3( 'K5*<5+4 4*4+'%4 3<+&%*934. D*4&*#$*7( <3& '7-#534. I(+&%6 %)&%-%5+. A$$+43 &+'33. C3(+*7( -*&+$% $3( <&39++-3&+4. F@$*5 #43. E$3(7'*$3. G+(+&%$*7( -+ 7&-+(+4 -+ $3'<&%. I(+)&%$*7( $3( 3&34 '7-#534 -+5 '*4'3 43%&+. S+)#&*-%-. I-+(**$%$*7( <3& $7-*)34. I(3&'+4 +( *+'<3 &+%5. G+(+&%$*7( -+ %5%&'%4. S3<3&+ $(*$3. R@<*-3. 14
4.2.2 O#-&$/,$0& * #!"#$%$&'() P3& '+-*3 -+ #( %(@5*4*4 -+ 5%4 $%&%$+&4*$%4 &+$3<*5%-%4, #(3 $3( 534 %-'*(*4&%*934 -+ 5% $3'<%>% 534 #4#%&*34 -+5 43%&+, 4+ +4%5+$*7 #( 3&-+( % +434 &+#+&*'*+(34, -@(-35+4 #(% <#(#%$*7( -+ 1 % 18 -+ %$#+&-3 % 4# *'<3&%($*%, +( -3(-+ 18 +4 +5 '@4 *'<3&%(+ 1 +5 '+(34 &+5+9%(+. T%5% 1. O&)%(*6%$*7( -+ &+#+&*'*+(34
REUERIMIENTO I(+&%6 %)&%-%5+ F@$*5 #43 E$3(7'*$3 C3'<%**5*-%- $3( 4*4. O<+&%*934 S+)#&*-%G+(+&%$*7( -+ %5%&'%4 R@<*-3 S3<3&+ $(*$3 G+(+&%$*7( -+ 7&-+(+4 -+ $3'<&% I(3&'+4 +( *+'<3 &+%5 D*4&*#$*7( <3& '7-#534 I-+(**$%$*7( <3& $7-*)34 A$$+43 &+'33 I(+)&%$*7( $3( 3&34 '7-#534 C3(+*7( -*&+$% $3( <&39++-3&+4
PUNTAJE 18 18 18 1 1 1 12 11 10 8 2
4.3 MATRIZ CALIDAD D+ 5% '%&*6 $%5*-%- -+4%&&355%-% <%&% +4+ $%43 +( +4<+$*$3, 5% $#%5 4+ '#+4&% % $3(*(#%$*7(, 4+ 3#93 5% +&%&#*6%$*7( -+ 3-%4 5%4 (+$+4*-%-+4 435#$*3(+4 $3( %4+ % 4# *'<3&%($*% #*5*-%- -+(&3 -+5 $3(+3 -+5 <&3+$3. D+ 3-%4 5%4 $%&%$+&4*$%4 -+ 5% 435#$*7( 4+ +4$3)*+&3( 5%4 4+*4 #+ '%3& <#(%+ 3#9*+&3( % #+ 4+ $3(4*-+&% #+ 43( 5%4 '@4 &+<&+4+(%*9%4. C3( %4+ % +434 4+*4 $&*+&*34 4+ &+%5*6%&@ 5% +9%5#%$*7( -+ 5%4 %5+&(%*9%4 <&+4+(+4.
15
D A D I L A C Z I R T A M 3 . 4
16
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
17
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
18
F*)#&% . M7-#53 BUSCAR, <&*'+&% %5+&(%*9%.
F#+(+ E5 A#3&.
F*)#&% 8. M7-#53 REGISTRAR, <&*'+&% %5+&(%*9%.
F#+(+ E5
A#3&.
F*)#&% :. M7-#53 PEDIDOS, <&*'+&% %5+&(%*9%. 19
F#+(+ E5
A#3&.
F*)#&% ;. M7-#53 INFORMES, <&*'+&% %5+&(%*9%.
F#+(+ E5
A#3&.
20
4..2 A+'#&'$ 2 E4% %5+&(%*9% -+4%&&355% '7-#534 '# 4*'*5%&+4 % 534 -+ 5% %5+&(%*9% (K'+&3 #(3, <+&3 5% 3&'% -+ 3&)%(*6%& %(3 4# *(+&%6 $3'3 4# *(3&'%$*7( 4+&@ -*+&+(+. S+ $3(%&@ $3( #(% 435% 9+(%(% -+ &%%3 -+(&3 -+ 5% $#%5 +4@( *('+&434 534 -*4*(34 '7-#534 +( #( %'%>3 &+-#$*-3, $3'3 4* 4+ &%%4+ -+ %$$+434 -*&+$34 % $%-% '7-#53. E5 #4#%&*3 +(-&@ +(3($+4 #(% 9*4*7( &+4#'*-% <+&*&*$% -+ 3-3 +5 4*4+'% -+ %5 '%(+&% #+ (3 55+)#+ % <+&-+&4+ 3 +()% #+ ++$#%& &#%4 -+ $3'%(-34 '# 5%&)%4 <%&% 55+)%& % -++&'*(%-3 <#(3 -+5 4*4+'%. C3( #( 4*'<5+ $5*$Q +5 #4#%&*3 <3-&@ %$$+-+& +4<+$*$%'+(+ % $%-% '7-#53 <3-&@ '3-**$%&, &+)*4&%& 3 ++$#%& 5%4 %$$*3(+4 #+ &+#*+&% (+$+4%&*%4 <%&% H%$+& 4# 5%3& -+ )+4*7( -+ *(9+(%&*34. C%+ &+4%5%& #+ +4+ 4*4+'% $3(4#'*&@ #( <3$3 '@4 -+ '+'3&*% -+5 3&-+(%-3&, % #+ 4+ &+#*+&+ #(% *(+&%6 %$*9%, 4*+'<&+ +( #($*3(%'*+(3 $3( %$#%5*6%$*3(+4 +( *+'<3 &+%5 %5 '*4'3 *+'<3 +( 3-34 534 '7-#534, % #+ 4+ +($3(&%&@( 4*+'<&+ 9*4*5+4. N3 43&% '+($*3(%& #+ +4% %5+&(%*9% %'*( $#+(% $3( #(% 9+(%(% -+ *-+(**$%$*7( -+5 #4#%&*3, +( -3(-+ 4+ 435*$*%( $7-*)3 $3(&%4+>% #+ 4+&@( %4*)(%-34 *(-*9*-#%5'+(+ % $%-% 3<+&%&*3 -+5 4*4+'%.
21
F*)#&% . P%(%55% <&*($*<%5, 4+)#(-% %5+&(%*9%.
F#+(+ E5 A#3&.
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
22
E( +4% 9+(%(% +5 #4#%&*3 <3-&@ *(3&'%&4+ -+ 534 %$3(+$*'*+(34 -+ +4+ -%, -+ 534 <+-*-34 &+%5*6%-34, -+5 $343 -+ *(9+(%&*34 -*%&*3, <3-&@ '3-**$%& +5 <+-*-3 -+5 -%, $%($+5%&53, <3-&@ 34+&9%& )&@*$34 +4%-4*$%4 -+5 -% -+ *(+&4. E4 *'<3&%(+ (3%& #+ (3 4353 4+ <3-&@ 55+9%& #( $3(&35 -*%&*3 -+ 534 *(9+(%&*34 -+ 5% +'<&+4% %'*( 4+&@ <34*5+ H%$+&53 '+(4#%5 3 %(#%5'+(+ -+<+(-*+(-3 -+ 5%4 3<$*3(+4 #+ 4+5+$$*3(+ +5 #4#%&*3 +( +5 $%5+(-%&*3 *(+&%$*93. F*)#&% .P%(%55% <&*($*<%5, +&$+&% %5+&(%*9%.
F#+(+ E5 A#3&.
F*)#&% 10.I(3&'+ *(-*9*-#%5, +&$+&% %5+&(%*9%.
F#+(+ E5 A#3&. 23
4. EVALUACIÓN DE ALTERNATIVAS C3(3$*+(-3 % $%-% #(% -+ 5%4 <34*5+4 435#$*3(+4 +(*+(-3 534 4+*4 $&*+&*34 -+ +9%5#%$*7(, 4+ <&3$+-+ +(3($+4 % &+%5*6%& 5% +9%5#%$*7( -+ $%-% #(% +(*+(-3 +( $#+(% #+ $%-% $&*+&*3 *+(+ #( 9%53& <3(-+&%-3 -*+&+(+ $3( %4+ % 53 4*)#*+(+ T%5% 2. P#(%+ "FD $&*+&*34 -+ +9%5#%$*7(.
CRITERIO E4&#$#&% 4+($*55% -+5 43%&+ G+4*7( -+ -+'%(-% G+4. -+ *(9+(%&*3 -+5 <&3-#$3 +&'*(%-3 G+4*7( -+ *(9+(%&*3 -+ '%+&*% <&*'% G+4*7( -+ <&39++-3&+4 C3'<%**5*-%- $3( 3&34 <&3)&%'%4 TOTAL
PUNTAJE EN MATRIZ FD 0 0 0 0 :: 88:0
S+ 3*+(+ +(3($+4 5% <3(-+&%$*7( -+ $%-% $&*+&*3, -*9*-*+(-3 4# <#(%+ +(&+ +5 <#(%+ 3%5. D+ +4% '%(+&%, $%-% $&*+&*3 $#+(% $3( #( <3&$+(%+ -+
E4&#$#&% 4+($*55% -+5 43%&+ G+4*7( -+ -+'%(-% G+4. -+ *(9. -+5 <&3-#$3 +&'*(%-3 G+4*7( -+ *(9+(%&*3 -+ '%+&*% <&*'% G+4*7( -+ <&39++-3&+4 C3'<%**5*-%- $3( 3&34 <&3)&%'%4
18 1 18 1 1 1:
E434 9%53&+4 -+ 534 <3&$+(%+4 -+ $%-% $&*+&*3 4+ %<&3*'%&3( % +(+&34 <%&% %$*5*-%- -+ $@5$#53.
T%5% . T%5% -+ +9%5#%$*7(
Criterio 1 Criterio
Alternativ a1
Alternati va 2
Alternati va 3
4,5
4
3,2
3,5
4,2
4,5
24
2 Criterio 3 Criterio 4 Criterio 5 Criterio 6 TOTAL
4,1
2,1
3,3
4
3,8
3
5
3,2
4,1
4,9
3,1
1,8
4,324
3,427
3,351
4.5 ESPECIFICACIÓ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
25
. ANÁLISIS DE LA INFORMACIÓN RECOPILADA
P%&% +5 -+4%&&3553 -+5 <&3+$3 +4 (+$+4%&*3 &+$3<*5%& *(3&'%$*7( -+ -*9+&4%4 #+(+4 $3( +5 *( -+ $3(3$+& +5 +4%-3 -+5 %&+ +( +5 #+ 4+ +($#+(&% +5 $%43 % &%%&, %4 $3'3 %'*( +4 (+$+4%&*3 <%&% &+3&6%& 534 $3(3$*'*+(34 5%4 +3&%4 #+ &+#*+&%( %<5*$%&4+ +( $%-% #(% -+ 5%4 +%<%4. A $3(*(#%$*7( 4+ H%&@ '+($*7( -+ 534 -3$#'+(34 '@4 *'<3&%(+4 #*5*6%-34 <%&% 5% &+%5*6%$*7( -+5 <&3+$3, % #+ +434 #+&3( 534 #+ '%3& %<3&+ -+ *(3&'%$*7( 3&+$*+&3(.
•
M$CONNELL, S+9+. R%<*- D+9+53<'+(. W%4H*()3( M*$&343 P&+44, 1:. :;1<.
E4+ +3 &+4#57 '# K*5 % #+ %<3&% '#$H% *(3&'%$*7( %$+&$% -+ 5% )+4*7( -+ #( <&3+$3 %4%-3 +( 43%&+. D+ '%(+&% )+(+&%5, %3&-% 3-% 5% +'@*$% &+5%$*3(%-% $3( +5 -*4+>3 5% *'<5+'+(%$*7( -+ #( 43%&+ +( #( <&3+$3 % 4+% -+ *(9+4*)%$*7( 3 -+ %<5*$%$*7(, 4*( *'<3&%& +5 +(3#+ 3 +5 $3(+3 +( +5 #+ 4+ '#+9% +5 $%43 +4#-*%-3. G&%$*%4 % 4#4 <%#%4 % 4#4 *(4&#$$*3(+4 <%43 % <%43, 4+ $3(9*&*7 +( '@4 #+ #(% )#% <%&% 5% ++$#$*7( -+ $%-% #(% -+ 5%4 +%<%4 -+5 <&3$+43.
•
CORNELL. B3'%4 I(-#4&*%5+4. P3&5%(-, O&+)3(, U.S.A. C3&(+55 P#'< C3'<%(. 12 <.
D+*-3 % #+ +5 43%&+ % -*4+>%& %<#(% %5 '%(+3 -+ 534 *(9+(%&*34 +( #(% $3'<%>% %&*$%(+ -+ 3'%4 $+(&#)%4, 4+ H%$+ (+$+4%&*3 $3(3$+& 5% +4&#$#&% -+ 534 *<34 -+ 3'%4 '@4 $3'+&$*%5*6%-34. A <+4%& -+ #+ +5 $%@53)3 -+ &++&+($*% (3 '%(+% 534 '*4'34 '3-+534 (* 534 '*4'34 +4@(-%&+4 26
#+ 5% +'<&+4% M#5*3'%4 S.A., %K( %4 +4+ -3$#'+(3 +4 -+ )&%( %#-% <%&% )+(+&%& #(% 9*4*7( %$+&$% -+ 5% $5%4**$%$*7( #+ -++&% +(+& $%-% #(% -+ 5%4 <*+6%4 <&3-#$34 % &+)*4&%&.
•
PÉRE/, P+-&3 RAMÍRE/, A5+%(-&%. D*4+>3 + I'<5+'+(%$*7( -+5 4*4+'% -+ *(9+(%&*34 % 5% 3-+)% -+5 -+<74*3 %#34+&9*$*3 L% C35'+(%. B#$%&%'%()% P&3+$3 -+ )&%-3 -+ *()+(*+&34 I(-#4&*%5+4, 200:. 02 <.
E4+ -3$#'+(3 +4 -+ )&%( *'<3&%($*% % #+ +4 *'<&+4$*(-*5+ $3(3$+& 534 '3-34 3&'%4 #+ 3&%4 <+&43(%4 #*5*6%( <%&% 5% 435#$*7( -+ <&35+'%4 #+ +()%( $*+&% 4*'*5*#- $3( +4+ &%%3 -+ )&%-3. E4 -+ +4+ *<3 -+ -3$#'+(34 -+ -3(-+ 4+ 3*+(+( 5%4 <%#%4 @4*$%4 4+ *%( 534 <&*($*<%5+4 3+*934 % %5$%(6%&, % #+ 5% '+3-353)% #*5*6%-% <3& %#+55%4 <+&43(%4 #+ ++$*9%, 53 #+ -% $*+&3 )&%-3 -+ 4+)#&*-%- % 5% H3&% -+ 3'%&53 $3'3 )#%.
•
SME TOOLIT. G+4*7( -+ I(9+(%&*3 +( 5(+%. I(4*#3 PYME, IFC $3(4#5%-3
12
(39.
201.
D*4<3(*5+
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I(+&(+
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27
. GESTIÓN DEL TRABAJO DE GRADO
.1 PLANTEAMIENTO DE TAREAS .1.1 E+6(## + 7+& 8*$)9( ,(&,7'"+ • • • • • •
I-+(**$%$*7( -+ 5% (+$+4*-%-. D++&'*(%$*7( -+ 534 &+$#&434 (+$+4%&*34. R+$3<*5%$*7( -+ *5*3)&%% $3($+<#%5*6%$*7(. P5%(+%'*+(3 -+ 3+*934. J#4**$%$*7( -+ 5% 435#$*7(. P&+4+(%$*7( -+5 P5%( -+ &%%3 -+ )&%-3.
T$%7( #!"#$*(: ; )%&).
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28
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29
T T N A G E D A M A R G A I D 2 .
30
.3 IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS NECESARIOS E4 (+$+4%&*3 *-+(**$%& 3-%4 5%4 H+&&%'*+(%4 +5+'+(34 #+ 4+&@( #*5*6%-34 -#&%(+ +5 -+4%&&3553 -+5 <&3+$3 -+ )&%-3, <%&% <3-+& +4%5+$+& +5 $343 -+ 4# #43 %4 -++&'*(%& -+ '%(+&% )53%5 534 $3434 -+ 3-3 +5 <&3+$3. L%4 H+&&%'*+(%4 '%+&*%5+4 (+$+4%&*34 43(
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.4 PRESUPUESTO T%5% . P&+4#<#+43
ÍTEM G%434 -+ <%<+5+&%. B*5*3)&%% =5*&34 $(*$34, '%(#%5+4, $%@53)34, +$.? A4+43&% $(*$% #3&*%5+4 +( +5 '%(+3 -+ 43%&+ P&3-#$$*7( *(+5+$#%5 A4+43&% I(). I4(%&-3 G3(6@5+6 T&%(4<3&+ O&%4 %4+43&%4 S"6'('+ I'<&+9*434 =10 ? T('+
VALOR 00.000 :00.000 1Z800.000 8Z000.000 1Z000.000 :00.000 00.000 Z00.000 0.000 10Z0.000
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31
DESARROLLO E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE SOFTWARE PARA LA GESTIÓN DE INVENTARIO DE PARTES Y PRODUCTOS DE LA EMPRESA MULTIBOMBAS S.A.
DIRECTOR DEL TRABAJO DE GRADO
32
I(). I4(%&-3 G3(6@5+6 J%*'+4
CODIRECTOR DEL TRABAJO DE GRADO
I(). F%*3 F#+(+4 F+&(@(-+6
AUTOR
!#)3 E(&*#+ O&+)% B%&$3. C7-*)3 211100 B#$%&%'%()%, D*$*+'&+ -+ 201
I()+(*+&3
D$* F"&')
33
D*&+$3& E4$#+5% -+ I()+(*+&% M+$@(*$% U(*9+&4*-%- I(-#4&*%5 -+ S%(%(-+&
A<&+$*%-3 *()+(*+&3, 5% 4*)#*+(+ $%&% *+(+ $3'3 3+*93 *(3&'%& '* $3'<&3'*43 +( 5% *(%($*%$*7( -+5 <&3+$3 DESARROLLO E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE SOFTWARE PARA LA GESTIÓN DE INVENTARIO DE PARTES Y PRODUCTOS DE LA EMPRESA MULTIBOMBAS S.A $#3 %#3& +4 +5 +4#-*%(+ !#)3 E(&*#+ O&+)% B%&$3. E5 <&3+$3 *+(+ #( <&+4#<#+43 -+ COP Z2:0.000.
C3&-*%5'+(+,
C@#$)'$& J"+$<& V#-) D/. M#5*3'%4 S.A.
ANEXOS ANEXO A. GENERALIDADES SOBRE LOS INVENTARIOS
INVENTARIOS
34
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
U SON LOS INVENTARIOS E5 *(9+(%&*3 +4 +5 $3(#(3 -+ '+&$%($%4 3 %&$#534 #+ *+(+ 5% +'<&+4% <%&% $3'+&$*%& $3( +5534, <+&'**+(-3 5% $3'<&% 9+(% 3 5% %&*$%$*7( <&*'+&3, %(+4
35
-+ 9+(-+&534, +( #( <+&*3-3 +$3(7'*$3 -++&'*(%-34. D++( %<%&+$+& +( +5 )&#<3 -+ %$*934 $*&$#5%(+4. E4 #(3 -+ 534 %$*934 '@4 )&%(-+4 +*4+(+4 +( #(% +'<&+4%. E5 *(9+(%&*3 %<%&+$+ %(3 +( +5 %5%($+ )+(+&%5 $3'3 +( +5 +4%-3 -+ &+4#5%-34. E( +5 %5%($+ G+(+&%5, +5 *(9+(%&*3 % '+(#-3 +4 +5 %$*93 $3&&*+(+ '%4 )&%(-+. E( +5 +4%-3 -+ &+4#5%-34, +5 *(9+(%&*3 *(%5 4+ &+4% -+5 $343 -+ '+&$%($%4 -*4<3(*5+4 <%&% 5% 9+(% %4 <3-+& -++&'*(%& +5 $343 -+ 5%4 '+&$%($%4 9+(-*-%4 -#&%(+ #( <+&*3-3 -++&'*(%-3. L34 I(9+(%&*34 43( *+(+4 %()*5+4 #+ 4+ *+(+( <%&% 5% 9+(% +( +5 $#&43 3&-*(%&*3 -+5 (+)3$*3 3 <%&% 4+& $3(4#'*-34 +( 5% <&3-#$$*7( -+ *+(+4 3 4+&9*$*34 <%&% 4# <34+&*3& $3'+&$*%5*6%$*7(. L34 *(9+(%&*34 $3'<&+(-+(, %-+'@4 -+ 5%4 '%+&*%4 <&*'%4, <&3-#$34 +( <&3$+43 <&3-#$34 +&'*(%-34 3 '+&$%($%4 <%&% 5% 9+(%, 534 '%+&*%5+4, &+<#+434 %$$+43&*34 <%&% 4+& $3(4#'*-34 +( 5% <&3-#$$*7( -+ *+(+4 %&*$%-34 <%&% 5% 9+(% 3 +( 5% <&+4%$*7( -+ 4+&9*$*34 +'<%#+4 +(9%4+4 534 *(9+(%&*34 +( &@(4*3. L% $3(%*5*-%- <%&% 534 *(9+(%&*34 +4 #(% <%&+ '# *'<3&%(+ <%&% 534 4*4+'%4 -+ $3(%*5*-%- -+ '+&$%($%4, <3&#+ 5% 9+(% -+5 *(9+(%&*3 +4 +5 $3&%67( -+5 (+)3$*3. E5 *(9+(%&*3 +4, <3& 53 )+(+&%5, +5 %$*93 '%3& +( 4#4 %5%($+4 )+(+&%5+4, +5 -*(+&3 *(9+&*-3 <3& *(9+(%&*34, 55%'%-3 $343 -+ '+&$%($%4 9+(-*-%4, +4 #4#%5'+(+ +5 '%3& $343 +( +5 +4%-3 -+ &+4#5%-34. L%4 +'<&+4%4 -+-*$%-%4 % 5% $3'<&% 9+(% -+ '+&$%($%4, <3& 4+& +4% 4# <&*($*<%5 #($*7( 5% #+ -%&@ 3&*)+( % 3-%4 5%4 &+4%(+4 3<+&%$*3(+4, (+$+4*%&%( -+ #(% $3(4%(+ *(3&'%$*7( &+4#'*-% %(%5*6%-% 43&+ 4#4 *(9+(%&*34, 53 $#%5 35*)% % 5% %<+&#&% -+ #(% 4+&*+ -+ $#+(%4 <&*($*<%5+4 %#*5*%&+4 &+5%$*3(%-%4 $3( +434 $3(&35+4 L34 *(9+(%&*34 43( *'<3&%(+4 <%&% 534 %&*$%(+4 +( )+(+&%5, 9%&%( %'<5*%'+(+ +(&+ 534 -*4*(34 )&#<34 -+ *(-#4&*%4. L% $3'<34*$*7( -+ +4% <%&+
36
-+5 %$*93 +4 #(% )&%( 9%&*+-%- -+ %&$#534, +4 <3& +43 #+ 4+ H%( $5%4**$%-3 -+ %$#+&-3 % 4# #*5*6%$*7( +( 534 4*)#*+(+4 *<34
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
I&&'#$() * P#(*",'() T#%$&*() C3'<&+(-+ 534 %&$#534 &%(4+&*-34 <3& +5 -+<%&%'+(3 -+ <&3-#$$*7( %5 %5'%$( -+ <&3-#$34 +&'*(%-34, % #+ H%( %5$%(6%-3 4# )&%-3 -+ +&'*(%$*7( 3%5 #+ % 5% H3&% -+ 5% 3'% 4*$% -+ *(9+(%&*34 4+ +($#+(&+( %K( +( 534 37
%5'%$+(+4, +4 -+$*&, 534 #+ 3-%9% (3 H%( 4*-3 9+(-*-34. E5 (*9+5 -+ *(9+(%&*34 -+ <&3-#$34 +&'*(%-34 9% % -+<+(-+& -*&+$%'+(+ -+ 5%4 9+(%4, +4 -+$*& 4# (*9+5 +4@ -%-3 <3& 5% -+'%(-%.
I&&'#$() * M'#$+) ? S"%$&$)'#() E( +5 *(9+(%&*3 -+ '%+&*%5+4 4#'*(*4&34 4+ *($5#+ •
M'#$) 7#$%) ),"&*#$): S#4 +4<+$**$%$*3(+4 9%&%( 4+)K( +5 *<3 -+ *(-#4&*%, $3'3 <3& ++'<53 E( 5% *(-#4&*% $+&9+$+&% 4+&%( 5%4 4%5+4 <%&% +5 &%%'*+(3 -+ %)#%.
•
A#',"+() * ,(&)"%( *)'$&*() 7# )# ")*() & + (7#,$0& * + $&*")'#$ D+(&3 -+ +434 %&$#534 -+ $3(4#'3 534 '@4 *'<3&%(+4 43( 534 -+4*(%-34 % 5%4 3<+&%$*3(+4, +4@( 3&'%-34 <3& 534 $3'#4*5+4 5#&*$%(+4, +434 +( 5%4 *(-#4&*% *+(+ )&%( &+5+9%($*%.
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L() #',"+() ? %'#$+) * #7#,$0& ? %&'&$%$&'( * +) %!"$&#$) ? 7#'() (7#'$(): L34 %&$#534 -+ &+<%&%$*7( <3& 4# )&%( 935#'+( (+$+4*%( 4+& $3(&35%-34 %-+$#%-%'+(+, 5% +*4+($*% -+ +434 9%&%( +( &+5%$*7( % 4#4 (+$+4*-%-+4.
I&&'#$( * S-"#$** E4+ *<3 -+ *(9+(%&*3 +4 #*5*6%-3 <%&% *'<+-*& 5% *(+&&#<$*7( +( +5 %<&39*4*3(%'*+(3 $%#4%-3 <3& -+'3&%4 +( 5% +(&+)% 3 <3& +5 %#'+(3 *'<&+9*43 -+ 5% -+'%(-% -#&%(+ #( <+&*3-3 -+ &+%%4+$*'*+(3, 5% *'<3&%($*% -+5 '*4'3 +4@ 5*)%-% %5 (*9+5 -+ 4+&9*$*3, 5% 5#$#%$*7( -+ 5% -+'%(-% 5% 9%&*%$*7( -+ 5%4 -+'3&%4 -+ 5% +(&+)%.
I&&'#$( P#7'"( ( P#%&&' 38
E4 +5 #+ 4+ 55+9% +( $3(*(#3 %$#+&-3 $3( 5%4 +*4+($*%4 +( +5 %5'%$(, <3& '+-*3 -+ #( &+)*4&3 -+%55%-3 #+ <#+-+ 4+&9*& %'*( $3'3 '%3& %#*5*%&, -3(-+ 4+ 55+9%( 534 *'<3&+4 +( #(*-%-+4 '3(+%&*%4 5%4 $%(*-%-+4 4*$%4. A *(+&9%534 $3&34, 4+ 3'% +5 *(9+(%&*3 -+ 5%4 -*+&+(+4 4+$$*3(+4 -+5 %5'%$( 4+ %#4%( 5%4 $%(*-%-+4 3 534 *'<3&+4 3 %'34, $#%(-3 +4 (+$+4%&*3, -+ %$#+&-3 $3( 5% $#+(% 4*$%. L34 &+)*4&34 <+&<+#34 43( K*5+4 <%&% <&+<%&%& 534 +4%-34 *(%($*+&34 '+(4#%5+4, &*'+4&%5 3 <&39*4*3(%5'+(+. E5 (+)3$*3 <#+-+ -++&'*(%& +5 $343 -+5 *(9+(%&*3 *(%5 +5 $343 -+ 5%4 '+&$%($%4 9+(-*-%4 -*&+$%'+(+ -+ 5%4 $#+(%4 4*( +(+& #+ $3(%*5*6%& +5 *(9+(%&*3. E5 4*4+'% <+&<+#3 3&+$+ #( %53 )&%-3 -+ $3(&35, <3&#+ 534 &+)*4&34 -+ *(9+(%&*3 +4@( 4*+'<&+ %$#%5*6%-34. A(+&*3&'+(+, 534 (+)3$*34 #*5*6%%( +5 4*4+'% <+&<+#3 <&*($*<%5'+(+ <%&% 534 *(9+(%&*34 -+ %53 $343 #(*%&*3, $3'3 5%4 3%4 534 %#3'79*5+4 H3 -% $3( +4+ '3-3 534 %-'*(*4&%-3&+4 <#+-+( 3'%& '+3&+4 -+$*4*3(+4 %$+&$% -+ 5%4 $%(*-%-+4 % $3'<&%&, 534 <&+$*34 % <%)%& <3& +5 *(9+(%&*3, 5% *%$*7( -+ <&+$*34 %5 $5*+(+ 534 &'*(34 -+ 9+(% % 3&+$+&. S+)K( +5 E4%#3 T&*#%&*3 %&$#53 :2 8:, FISCALMENTE 5%4 +'<&+4%4 #+ -+%( <&+4+(%& 5% -+$5%&%$*7( -+ &+(% *&'%-% <3& &+9*43& *4$%5 3 $3(%-3& =43( %#+55%4 #+ *+(+( #( '3(3 -+ *()&+434 <3& 9%53& 4#<+&*3& % 2.00; '*553(+4 -+ <+434 +( &+5%$*7( $3( +5 %>3 )&%9%5+ -+ 200:? +4@( 35*)%-%4 % 55+9%& *(9+(%&*3 <+&'%(+(+ 3 $3(*(#3.
I&&'#$( 7#$0*$,( ( I&&'#$( I&'#%$'&' E4+ *(9+(%&*3 +4 )+(+&%5'+(+ #*5*6%-3 <3& +'<&+4%4 <+#+>%4 '+-*%(%4 *+(+ -34 $%&%$+&4*$%4 o
P%&% $3(3$+& +( #(% +$H% -++&'*(%-% $#@5 +4 +5 *(9+(%&*3, +4 *(-*4<+(4%5+ H%$+& #( $3(+3 4*$3 -+5 '*4'3 5#+)3 -%&5+ 9%53&+4.
39
o
P%&% $3(&35%& +5 $343 -+ 5%4 &%(4%$$*3(+4 #+ %+$%( +5 *(9+(%&*3 4+ #*5*6%( -*+&+(+4 $#+(%4 -+ %$#+&-3 $3( 5% (%#&%5+6% -+ 5% 3<+&%$*7( #+ 4+ +4 &+%5*6%(-3.
E5 &+)*4&3 -+ 5%4 &%(4%$$*3(+4 %4 H+$H3, #(3 $3( 5% 3'% -+ *(9+(%&*3 4*$3 4# $3&&+4<3(-*+(+ 9%53&%$*7(, <+&'**&@( 5% +5%3&%$*7( -+5 *'<3&%(4*'3 +4%-3 *(%($*+&3 -+(3'*(%-3 +4%-3 -+ )%(%($*% <&-*-%. E5 $343 -+ 534 %&$#534 9+(-*-34 +5 4%5-3 -+5 *(9+(%&*3 4353 4+ $%5$#5%( %5 *(%5 -+5 <+&*3-3 $3(%5+, $#%(-3 4+ 3'% #( *(9+(%&*3 4*$3, %4 Inventario Inicial + Compras− Inventario Final =Costo de Art . Vendidos
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I&&'#$( F$&+ E4 %#+5 #+ &+%5*6% +5 $3'+&$*%(+ %5 $*+&&+ -+5 ++&$*$*3 +$3(7'*$3, )+(+&%5'+(+ %5 *(%5*6%& #( <+&*3-3, 4*&9+ <%&% -++&'*(%& #(% (#+9% 4*#%$*7( <%&*'3(*%5 +( +4+ 4+(*-3, -+4<#4 -+ ++$#%-%4 3-%4 5%4 3<+&%$*3(+4 '+&$%(*5+4 -+ -*$H3 <+&*3-3. T%'*( +*4+ #(% $5%4**$%$*7( -+ 534 *(9+(%&*34 4+)K( 5% 3&'% 3 <&3$+-*'*+(3 +( #+ 4+ &+%5*6%(
I&&'#$( F)$,( E4 +5 *(9+(%&*3 &+%5. E4 $3(%&, <+4%& 3 '+-*& %(3%& 3-%4 $%-% #(% -+ 5%4 -*+&+(+4 $5%4+4 -+ *+(+4 ='+&$%($%4? #+ 4+ H%55+( +( +*4+($*% +( 5% +$H% 40
-+5 *(9+(%&*3, +9%5#%& $%-% #(% -+ -*$H%4 <%&*-%4. S+ &+%5*6% $3'3 #(% 5*4% -+%55%-% 9%53&%-% -+ 5%4 +*4+($*%4.
I&&'#$( *'#%$&*( 7(# (6)#,$0& I(9+(%&*3 -++&'*(%-3 <3& 34+&9%$*7( $3'<&3%-3 $3( #(% 5*4% -+ $3(+3, -+5 <+43 3 % 5% '+-*-% &+%5 3+(*-34. L% &+%5*6%$*7( -+ +4+ *(9+(%&*3 *+(+ $3'3 *(%5*-%-, $3(9+($+& % 534 %#-*3&+4 -+ #+ 534 &+)*4&34 -+5 *(9+(%&*3 &+<&+4+(%( *+5'+(+ +5 9%53& -+5 %$*93 <&*($*<%5. L% <&+<%&%$*7( -+ 5% &+%5*6%$*7( -+5 *(9+(%&*3 4*$3 $3(4% -+ $#%&3 %4+4, % 4%+& M%(+3 -+ *(9+(%&*34 =<&+<%&%*934? I-+(**$%$*7( I(4&#$$*7( A-*+4&%'*+(3
I&&'#$( M$'( I(9+(%&*3 -+ #(% $5%4+ -+ '+&$%($%4 $#%4 <%&*-%4 (3 4+ *-+(**$%( 3 (3 <#+-+( *-+(**$%&4+ $3( #( 53+ +( <%&*$#5%&.
I&&'#$( & T#<&)$'( S+ #*5*6%( $3( +5 *( -+ 434+(+& 5%4 3<+&%$*3(+4 <%&% %%4+$+& 534 $3(-#$34 #+ 5*)%( % 5% $3'<%>% $3( 4#4 <&39++-3&+4 4#4 $5*+(+4, &+4<+$*9%'+(+. E*4+( <3&#+ +5 '%+&*%5 -++ '39+&4+ -+ #( 5#)%& % 3&3. M*+(&%4 +5 *(9+(%&*3 4+ +($#+(&% +( $%'*(3, (3 <#+-+ +(+& #(% #($*7( K*5 <%&% 5%4 <5%(%4 3 534 $5*+(+4, +*4+ +$5#4*9%'+(+ <3& +5 *+'<3 -+ &%(4<3&+.
I&&'#$( & C(&)$-&,$0& E4 %#+55% '+&$%-+&% #+ 4+ +(&+)% <%&% 4+& 9+(-*-% <+&3 +5 #53 -+ <&3<*+-%53 $3(4+&9% +5 9+(-+-3&. 41
I&&'#$( M<$%( D+*-3 %5 +(3#+ -+ $3(&35 -+ '%4%4 +'<5+%-3, +*4+ +5 &*+4)3 #+ +5 (*9+5 -+5 *(9+(%&*3 <#+-% 55+)%& -+'%4*%-3 %53 <%&% %5)#(34 %&$#534. P3& 53 %(3 4+ +4%5+$+ #( (*9+5 -+ *(9+(%&*3 '@*'3. S+ '*-+ +( '+4+4 -+ -+'%(-% <&3(34*$%-%, 5% 9%&*%$*7( -+5 +$+-+(+ +4 XI '@.
I&&'#$( M&$%( E4 5% $%(*-%- '(*'% -+ *(9+(%&*3 % 4+& '%(+(*-%4 +( +5 %5'%$(.
I&&'#$( A-#-*( S+ %<5*$% $#%(-3 %5 %-'*(*4&%& 5%4 +*4+($*%4 -+ #( K(*$3 %&$#53 &+<&+4+(% #( %53 $343, <%&% '*(*'*6%& +5 *'<%$3 -+5 $343 +( 5% %-'*(*4&%$*7( -+5 *(9+(%&*3, 534 %&$#534 4+ %)&#<%( % 4+% +( %'*5*%4 # 3&3 *<3 -+ $5%4**$%$*7( -+ '%+&*%5+4 -+ %$#+&-3 % 4# *'<3&%($*% +$3(7'*$%, +$.
I&&'#$( & C"#&'& E4 %#+5 #+ -++ -+ $#'<5*& $3( #( <+&*3-3 -+ %5'%$+(%'*+(3 %(+4 -+ -*4<3(+& -+5 '*4'3, +4 %<5*$%-3 % *+(+4 -+ $3(4#'3, )+(+&%5'+(+ $3'+4*5+4 # 3&34. U( ++'<53 <3-&%( 4+& 534 9*(34 #+ -++( -#&%& #( *+'<3 +( %>+%'*+(3 %(+4 -+ 4+& $3'+&$*%5*6%-34.
I&&'#$( * P#$)$0& S+ *+(+( $3( +5 *( -+ $#&*& #(% (+$+4*-%- ##&% <+&+$%'+(+ -+*(*-%. S+ -*+&+($*% $3( +5 &+4<+$3 % 534 -+ 4+)#&*-%-, +( #+ 534 -+ <&+9*4*7( 4+ *+(+( % 5% 5#6 -+ #(% (+$+4*-%- #+ 4+ $3(3$+ $3( $+&+6% &%63(%5+ <3& 53 %(3, *(935#$&% #( '+(3& &*+4)3.
42
I&&'#$( * L(' ( * '%9( * +(' E434 43( *(9+(%&*34 #+ 4+ <*-+( +( %'%>3 -+ 53+ <3&#+ +4 '@4 +$3(7'*$3 H%$+&53 %4 #+ <+-*&53 $#%(-3 4+% (+$+4%&*3 4%*4%$+& 5% -+'%(-%. P3& ++'<53, <#+-+ 4+& '@4 +$3(7'*$3 55+9%& $*+&% $%(*-%- -+ *(9+(%&*3 #+ <+-*& 3 <&3-#$*& +( )&%(-+4 53+4 <%&% &+-#$*& $3434 -+ %5*4%'*+(3 3 <+-*-3 3 <%&% 3+(+& -+4$#+(34 +( 534 %&$#534 %-#*&*-34.
I&&'#$() E)',$(&+) L34 *(9+(%&*34 #*5*6%-34 $3( +4+ *( 4+ -*4+>%( <%&% $#'<5*& '%4 +$3(7'*$%'+(+ 5% -+'%(-% +4%$*3(%5 9%&*%(-3 534 (*9+5+4 -+ <&3-#$$*7( <%&% 4%*4%$+& 5#$#%$*3(+4 +( 5% -+'%(-%. E434 *(9+(%&*34 4+ #*5*6%( <%&% 4#%9*6%& +5 (*9+5 -+ <&3-#$$*7( -+ 5%4 3<+&%$*3(+4, <%&% #+ 534 &%%%-3&+4 (3 +()%( #+ $3(&%%&4+ 3 -+4<+-*&4+ &+$#+(+'+(+ =<%&% <%4+4 $3( +4%$*3(+4?.
I&&'#$( I&'#%$'&' E4 #( *(9+(%&*3 &+%5*6%-3 $3( $*+&3 *+'<3 (3 -+ #(% 435% 9+6 %5 *(%5 -+5 <+&*3-3 $3(%5+.
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
P%&% +9*%& #+ #( &+<+(*(3 %#'+(3 -+ 5% -+'%(-% <&3-#6$% #(
-+4%%4+$*'*+(3 -+ <&3-#$34 +&'*(%-34. P%&% +9*%& #(% -++($*7( -+5 <&3$+43 -+ <&3-#$$*7( <3& %)3%'*+(3 -+5
%5'%$( -+ <&*'+&%4 '%+&*%4. P%&% %%&%%& 5%4 %-#*4*$*3(+4 5% <&3-#$$*7(. E( 3$%4*3(+4, 5% 3&'% 7<*'% -+ <&3-#$$*7( +4 H%$+&53 \<3& 53+4], +4 -+$*&, %&*$%& #( )&%( 53+ -+ #(*-%-+4 -#&%(+ #( <+&*3-3 -+ *+'<3 $3&3
(3 9359+& % %&*$%& H%4% #+ +4+ 53+ 4+ +($#+(&+ $%4* %)3%-3. E( 5%4 %-#*4*$*3(+4 -+ '%+&*% <&*'% %'*( <#+-+ 4+& +$3(7'*$3 $3'<&%& <3& )&%(-+4 53+4, <%&% %<&39+$H%& 534 -+4$#+(34 <3& %'%>3 -+5 <+-*-3, &+<%&*& +(&+ '%3& (K'+&3 -+ #(*-%-+4 534 $34+4 -+ &%(4<3&+,
+$. A(*$*<%& 5%4 9%&*%$*3(+4 <&+9*4%4 -+ 5% 3+&% 5% -+'%(-%. P#+-+ <&+9+&4+ #+ #(% %'<5*% $%'<%>% -+ <&3'3$*7( -+ #(3 -+ 534 <&3-#$34 9% % +5+9%& 5% -+'%(-% -+5 '*4'3. P%&% %(*$*<%&4+ % +55%, 5%
+'<&+4% %$#'#5% <&3-#$34 +&'*(%-34 +( 4#4 %5'%$+(+4. O&3 %(3 3$#&&+ $#%(-3 5% '%+&*% <&*'% =<3& ++'<53, <&3-#$34 %)&$35%4? 3 534 <&3-#$34 +&'*(%-34 =<3& ++'<53, H+5%-34 9+(*5%-3&+4?
+4@( 43'+*-34 % 9%&*%$*3(+4 +4%$*3(%5+4. A#(#+ 5% -+'%(-% -+ 534 $3(4#'*-3&+4 *(%5+4 4+% <+&+$%'+(+ <&+9*4*5+, )+(+&%5'+(+ 534 <&3-#$34 H%( -+ 4+& &%(4<3&%-34 -+4-+ 534 5#)%&+4 -+ %&*$%$*7( H%4% 534 -+ $3(4#'3, +5 &%(4<3&+ (3 <#+-+ ++$#%&4+ -+ 3&'% $3(*(#%. P3& +553, 5% <&3-#$$*7( 4+ %5'%$+(% <%&% 4+&
&%(4<3&%-% +( 53+4. O&3 %(3 4#$+-+ +( +5 <&3$+43 -+ +5%3&%$*7( -+ %5)#(34 <&3-#$34 #+ 4+ 9%( $3'<5+%(-3 +( 4#$+4*9%4 %4+4 &+%5*6%-%4 +( <#(34 '@4 3 '+(34 -*4%(+4 +(&+ 4.
FUNCIONES DE LOS INVENTARIOS E( $#%5#*+& 3&)%(*6%$*7(, 534 *(9+(%&*34 %>%-+( #(% 5+**5*-%- -+ 3<+&%$*7( #+ -+ 3&% '%(+&% (3 +*4*&%. E( %&*$%$*7(, 534 *(9+(%&*34 -+ <&3-#$3 +( 44
<&3$+43 43( #(% (+$+4*-%- %435#%, % '+(34 #+ $%-% <%&+ *(-*9*-#%5 4+ 55+9+ -+ '@#*(% % '@#*(% #+ +4%4 4+ <&+<%&+( <%&% <&3-#$*& #(% 435% <%&+. F#($*3(+4
E5*'*(%$*7( -+ *&&+)#5%&*-%-+4 +( 5% 3+&%. C3'<&% 3 <&3-#$$*7( +( 53+4 3 %(-%4. P+&'**& % 5% 3&)%(*6%$*7( '%(+%& '%+&*%5+4 <+&+$+-+&34. A5'%$+(%'*+(3 -+ '%(3 -+ 3&%.
T3-34 534 4*4+'%4 -+ *(9+(%&*34 *($3&<3&%( #( 4*4+'% -+ $3(&35 #+ 4+ &+4<3(4%*5*6% -+ 5%4 4*)#*+(+4 #($*3(+4
M%(+(+& #( &+)*4&3 %$#%5*6%-3 -+ 5%4 +*4+($*%4. L% <+&*3-*$*-%- -+ 5% %$#%5*6%$*7( 9%&% -+ #(%4 +'<&+4%4 % 3&%4 -+<+(-+, %-+'@4, -+5 *<3 -+ <&3-#$3 -+ #+ 4+ &%+ =-+ 4# 9%53&, -+ 4# *'<3&%($*% <%&% +5 '%(+(*'*+(3 -+ 5% %$*9*-%- -+ 5% +'<&+4%, +$.?
I(3&'%& 43&+ +5 (*9+5 -+ +*4+($*%4 <%&% 4%+& $#@(-3 4+ -++ H%$+& #( <+-*-3 $#@(3 4+ -++ <+-*& -+ $%-% #(3 -+ 534 <&3-#$34. E( '#$H34 $%434, 4+ +4%5+$+( &+)5%4 -+ -+$*4*7( &+5%*9%4 % 4*4+'%4 -+ <+-*-3 $3(4%(+ ="? 3 -+ <+&*3-3 $3(4%(+ =P? +5 <&3<*3 4*4+'% *(3&'@*$3 #+ &+)*4&% 5%4 +*4+($*%4 +*+(-+ #(% 3&-+( -+ <+-*-3 +( +5 '3'+(3 %-+$#%-3 -+5 %'%>3 <&+$*43.
N3**$%& 4*#%$*3(+4 #+&% -+ 53 $3'K( #+ <#+-+( $3(4*#*& 4(3'%4 -+ +&&3&+4 3 -+ #( '%5 #($*3(%'*+(3 -+5 4*4+'%, $3'3 +5 4*4+'@*$3 +$+43 -+ *(9+(%&534, 5% &+%5*6%$*7( -+ #( <+-*-3 +&%3&-*(%&*%'+(+ )&%(-+ 3 <+#+>3 -%-%4 5%4 +*4+($*%4, 3 5% +$+4*9% &+$#+($*% -+ 5%4 &#<#&%4 -+ 43$Q4.
E5%3&%& *(3&'+4 <%&% 5% -*&+$$*7( <%&% 534 &+4<3(4%5+4 -+ 534 *(9+(%&*34.
45
RELACIÓN DE LOS INVENTARIOS CON LAS DISTINTAS ÁREAS DE LA EMPRESA E( 5% '%3&% -+ 534 (+)3$*34, 534 *(9+(%&*34 &+<&+4+(%( #(% *(9+&4*7( &+5%*9%'+(+ %5% <&3-#$+( ++$34 *'<3&%(+4 43&+ 3-%4 5%4 #($*3(+4 <&*($*<%5+4 -+ 5% +'<&+4%. C%-% #($*7( *+(-+ % )+(+&%& -+'%(-%4 -+ *(9+(%&*3 -*+&+(+ % '+(#-3 *($3()&#+(+ 9+%'34 5%4 -+<+(-+($*%4 -+ 5% +'<&+4% #+ *+(+( &+5%$*7( $3( +5 *(9+(%&*3
V&'): S+ (+$+4*%( *(9+(%&*34 +5+9%-34 <%&% H%$+& &+(+ $3( &%<*-+6 % 5%4 +*)+($*%4 -+5 '+&$%-3.
P#(*",,$0&: S+ (+$+4*%( +5+9%-34 *(9+(%&*34 -+ '%+&*%4 <&*'%4 <%&% )%&%(*6%& 5% -*4<3(**5*-%- +( 5%4 %$*9*-%-+4 -+ %&*$%$*7( #( $35$H7( <+&'*4*5+'+(+ )&%(-+ -+ *(9+(%&*34 -+ <&3-#$34 +&'*(%-34 %$*5*% (*9+5+4 -+ <&3-#$$*7( +4%5+4.
C(%7#): L%4 $3'<&%4 +5+9%-%4 '*(*'*6%( 534 $3434 <3& #(*-%- 534 )%434 -+ $3'<&%4 +( )+(+&%5. =A5 $3'<&%& <3& 935#'+( 4+ 53)&%( -+4$#+(34 $3'+&$*%5+4, 4+ -*4'*(#+( 534 )%434 -+ %-'*(*4&%$*7( -+ &%(4<3&+?.
F$&&,$,$0&: L34 *(9+(%&*34 &+-#$*-34 '*(*'*6%( 5%4 (+$+4*-%-+4 -+ *(9+&4*7( =$3&&*+(+ -+ ++$*93? -*4'*(#+( 534 $3434 -+ '%(+(+& *(9+(%&*34 =%5'%$+(%'*+(3, %(*)[+-%-, &*+4)34, *(4%5%$*3(+4, +$.?.
B(*- ? M&( * (6#: E5 '%(+3 -+ #( %53 43$Q -+ *(9+(%&*34, &+#+&*&@ -+ '@4 '%(3 -+ 3&% <%&% 4# %5'%$+(%'*+(3 <3& 53 %(3 '%3&+4 $3434 <%&% 5% +'<&+4%.
46
ANEXO B. GESTIÓN DE INVENTARIOS
GESTIÓ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
47
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
L% )+4*7( -+ *(9+(%&*34 4+ &+5%$*3(% $3( 5% <5%(**$%$*7( +5 $3(&35 -+ *(9+(%&*34. L% <5%(**$%$*7( -+ *(9+(%&*34 #4$% &+4<3(-+& -34 <&+)#(%4 @4*$%4 ^ C"<&*( @,# +() 7*$*() E4% <&+)#(% 4+ &+5%$*3(% $3( +5 $3($+<3 -+ '3'+(3 -+ <+-*-34. E4+ +4 #( 4*4+'% +( +5 #+ 3-3 '%+&*%5 #*5*6%-3 &+)#5%&'+(+ 4+ &+3&-+(% $#%(-3 4# (*9+5 -+ *(9+(%&*3 %% -+ $*+&3 (*9+5. E5 48
(*9+5 #4#%5'+(+ +4 #(% #($*7( -+5 <5%63 -+ +(&+)%4, 5% -+'%(-% -*%&*%, 5%4 +*4+($*%4 -+ 4+)#&*-%-. ^ C"<&'( (#*&# 5% $%(*-%- #+ 4+ <*-+ +4 -++&'*(%-% <3& 5%
Cantidad
económica a ordenar.
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BIBLIOGRAFÍA
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