Pembahasan Latihan 3
1. _______ range in color from from pale yellow to bright orange. (A) Canaries which (B) Canaries (C) That canaries (D) Canaries that are Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat
di atas butuh subject. Dari pilihan jawaban hanya B yang memenuhi syarat.
Prinsip Kalimat Bahasa Inggris: Mesti terdapat Subject dan Verb: Canaries (subject) + range (verb) 6. . _______ a tornado spins in a counterclockwise direction in the northern hemisphere, it spins in the opposite direction in the southern hemisphere. (A) However (B) Because of (C) Although (D) That Pembahasan Jawaban: Terdapat
dua klausa (S + V): a tornado to rnado spins & it spins. Jadi kita butuh connector
untuk menghubungkan ke dua klausa. Dari pilihan jawaban hanya C yang memenuhi syarat. Prinsip Kalimat Bahasa Inggris: 2 clause butuh 1 connector. 3 c lause butuh dua connector. 7. The Caldecott Medal, _______ for the best children's picture book, is awarded each January. (A) a prize (B) which prize (C) is a prize which (D) is a prize Pembahasan Jawaban:
Cara 1: Kalimat di atas terdapat subject (The Caldecott Medal) dan verb (is awarded), ini berarti kalimat sudah lengkap. Kita sudah tidak butuh lagi kata kerja. Otomatis pilihan pilihan C dan D sudah tereliminasi. Pilihan B juga ikut tereliminasi. Kalimat di atas cuma terdiri dari 1 clause jadi tidak butuh connector (which). Jadi pilihan jawaban benar ialah A. Cara 2: Materi Appositive. Appositive ialah noun yang menjelaskan noun lainnya (dalam TOEFL umumnya subject). Jadi kita cuma butuh noun untuk menjelaskan subject (The Caldecott Medal). Dan yang terdapat noun ialah pilihan jawaban A. 10. Thunder occurs as _______ through air, causing the heated air to expand and collide with layers of cooler air. (A) an electrical charge (B) passes an electrical charge (C) the passing of an electrical charge (D) an electrical charge passes Pembahasan Jawaban:
Di kalimat di atas terdapat 1 clause (Thunder occurs) dan 1 connector (as). Jadi bisa
ditebak kalimat di atas mesti terdapat dua clause. Dari pilihan jawaban hanya D yang berbentuk clause. Ingat clause terdiri dari Subject dan Verb. Verb. 12. Researchers have long debated _______ Saturn's moon Titan contains hydrocarbon oceans and lakes. (A) over it (B) whether it (C) whether (D) whether over Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat
di atas terdapat 2 clause. Clause 1 (Researchers have long debated); clause 2 (Saturn's moon Titan contains). Jadi kita tinggal butuh 1 connector. Hanya pilihan jawaban C yang terdapat memenuhis syarat
Light can travels from the Sun to the Earth in eight minutes and twenty seconds. Pembahasan Jawaban: travels --> travel Modal + Verb 1 murni tanpa embel-embel: Modal (can) + verb 1 (travel) 17. Every human typically have twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in most cells . Pembahasan Jawaban: have --> has Subject Verb Agreement: every termasuk dalam kategori singular. Jadi butuh verb yang singular (has). 18. Most sedimentary rocks start forming when grains of cla y, silt, or sandy settle in river valle ys or on the bottoms of lakes and oceans. Pembahasan Jawaban: sandy (adjective) --> sand (noun) Parallel Structure: noun, noun, noun --> clay (noun ), salt (noun), sand (noun) 19. The total thickness of the ventricular walls of the heart are about three times that of the atria. Pembahasan Jawaban: are --> is Subject Verb Agreement: Singular Subject (thickness) + Singular Verb (is) 20. The type of jazz known as "swing" was introduced by Duke Ellington when he wrote and records "It Don't Mean a Thing If It Ain't Got That Swing." Pembahasan Jawaban: records (verb 1 + s) --> recorded (Verb 2) Parallel Structure (tense): wrote (verb 2) + recorded (verb 2) - Verb 2 = past tense (lampau) - Verb 1 = prsent tense (sekarang) 21. The bones of mammals, not alike those of other vertebrates, show a high degree of differentiation. Pembahasan Jawaban: not like --> unlike alike digunakan pada akhir kalimat / klausa 22. The neocortex has evolved more recently then other layers of the brain. Pembahasan Jawaban: then --> than Comparative Degree: more + than bukan more + then 23. The United States receives a large amount of revenue from taxation of a tobacco products. Pembahasan Jawaban: of a - -> of perhatikan kata products, terdapat s yang menandakan plural (lebih dari 1 produk). 24. Much fats are composed of one molecule of glycerin combined with three molecules of fatty acids. Pembahasan Jawaban: Much --> many Much + uncountable noun (tanpa tambahan -s) many + countable noun (plural) 25. The capital of the Confederacy was originall y in Mobile, but they were moved to Richmond. Pembahasan Jawaban: they --> it was Pronoun reference: they (plural) seharusnya it (singular) kembali ke subject kalimat yang singular (the capital) 26. A pearl develops when a tiny grain of sand or stone or some another i rritant accidentally enters into the shell of a pearl oyster. Pembahasan Jawaban: another --> other some + other 27. The English horn is an alto oboe with a pitch one-fifth lower than the soprano oboe. the --> that of Comparison degree: yang dibandingkan ialah "a pitch one-fifth" bukan alto & oboe.
28. In the Milky Way galaxy, the most recent observed supernova appeared in 1604. Pembahasan Jawaban: recent --> recently Adverb + adjective + noun: recently (adverb) + observed (adjective) + supernova (noun) 29. Never in the history of humanity has there been more people living on this relatively small planet. Pembahasan Jawaban: has (singular) --> have (plural) Kalimat di ats merupakan kalimat inversion (pembalikan: V + S); ditandai adanya negartive expression (never) di awal kalimat. Subejct kalimat ialah people (plural). 30. Because of the mobility of Americans today, it is difficult for they to put down real roots. Pembahasan Jawaban: they --> them they digunakan sebagai subject sementara them sebagai object. dalam kalimat di atas them digunakn sebagai objetc dari preposition (for). 31. For five years after the Civil War, Robert E. Lee served to president of Washington College, which was later called Washington and Lee. Pembahasan Jawaban: to --> as Pasangan phrase: served + as 32. The number of wild horses on Assateague is increasing lat ely, resulting in overgrazed marsh and dune grasses. Pembahasan Jawaban: is --> have been Subject Verb Agreement: The number (plural) + have been (plural) 33. Hypnoses was successfully used during World War II to treat battle fatigue. Pembahasan Jawaban: hypnoses (plural) --> hypnosis (singular) Subject Verb Agreement: Verb kalimat di atas berbentuk singular (was) jadi kita butuh subject yang singular (hypnosis) 34. The lobster, like many crustaceans, can cast of f a damaging appendage and regenerate a new appendage to nearly normal size. Pembahasan Jawaban: damaging (yang merusak) --> damaged (yang rusak) 35. Humans develop normally twenty primary, or deciduous, teeth and thirty-two permanent ones. Pembahasan Jawaban: develop normally --> normally develop Verb + object: tidak boleh ada perantara antara verb dan object 36. The curricula of American public schools are s et in individual states; they do not determine by the federal government. Pembahasan Jawaban: do no determine (tidak memutuskan) --> are not determined (tidak diputuskan) they kembali mengarah ke curricula (kurikulum) 37. The fact that the sophisticated technology has become part of revolution in travel delivery systems has not made travel schedules less hectic. Pembahasan Jawaban: revolution --> a revolution uncountable noun tidak boleh berdiri sendiri tanpa adanya penjelas (termasuk article a, an, the) apakah noun itu tunggal atau jamak. 38. Balanchine's plotless ballets, such Jewels and The Four Temperaments, present dance purely as a celebration of the movement of the human body. Pembahasan Jawaban: such --> such as (contohnya) 39. In a solar battery, a photosensitive semiconducting substance such as silicon crystal is the source of electrician.
electrician --> electricity Dair konteks kalimat yang di maksud adalah listriknya bukan orangnya (electrician). Pembahasan Jawaban:
40. In early days, hydrochloric acid was done by heating a mixture of sodium chloride with iron sulfate. Pembahasan Jawaban: done (dikerjakan) --> made (dibuat / dihasilkan)
