THEORIST
THEORY
Florence NIGHTINGALE
CONTENT
first theory of nursing Notes on Nursing: What It Is, What It Is Not environment 14 Basic Needs the the uniq unique ue funct functio ion n of the the nurse nurse is to assi assist st the the clients, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributin contributing g to health or its recovery, that clients will perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will or knowledge 21 Nursing Problems define ned d nursi nursing ng as serv servic icee to indi indivi vidua duals ls and and defi families; therefore to society 7 Subsystems: • Ingestive • Eliminative • Affiliative • Aggressive • Dependence • Achievement • Sexual and Role Identity Behavior
Virginia HENDERSON
Faye ABDELLAH
Dorothy JOHNSON
Imogene KING
Made Madele lein inee LEIN LEININ INGE GER R
Myra LEVIN
Nature of Nursing Model
Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing Model Behavioral System Model
Goal Attainment Theory Tran Transc scul ultu tura rall Nurs Nursin ing g Model
Four Conservation Principles
Betty NEUMAN
Health Care System Model
Dorothea OREM
Self-Care and SelfCare Deficit Theory
Hildegard PEPLAU
Interpersonal Model
Martha ROGERS
Science of Unitary Human Beings
Sister Callista ROY
Adaptation Model
described nursing as a helping profession that assists individuals and groups in society to attain, maintain, and restore health nurs nursin ing g is a huma humani nist stic ic and and scie scient ntif ific ic mode mode of helping a client through specific cultural caring processes (cult (cultural ural values, values, belief beliefss and practi practices ces)) to improv improvee or maintain a health condition • Conservation of Energy • Conservation of Structural Integrity • Conservation of Personal Integrity • Conservation of Social Integrity nursing is a unique profession in that it is concerned with all the variables affecting an individual’s response to which are intra-, intra-, interinter- and extrape extraperson rsonal al in stresses , which nature Self-Care: “the practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining life, health and well-being” 3 Nursing Systems: Wholly Compensatory • Partially Compensatory • Supportive Educative • 4 Phases of the Nurse-Client Relationship: • Orientation • Identification • Exploitation • Resolution human beings are more than and different from the sum of their parts human being being is charact characteri erized zed by the capaci capacity ty for human abstraction and imagery, language and thought, sensation and emotion viewed each person as a unified b iopsychosocial viewed iopsychosocial
system in constant environment
Lydia HALL Ida Jean ORLANDO
Ernestine WEIDENBACH Jean WATSON
Rosemarie Rizzo PARSE
Joyce TRAVELBEE
Dynamic NursePatient Relationship Model
Clinical Nursing-A Helping Art Model Human Caring Model
Human Becoming
Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing Model
Josephine PETERSON Loretta ZDERAD
Humanistic Nursing Practice Theory
Helen ERICKSON Evelyn TOMLIN Mary Ann SWAIN
Modeling and Role Modeling Theory
Margaret NEWMAN
Patricia BENNER Judith WRUBEL
Primacy of Caring Model
Anne BOYKIN Savina SCHOENHOFER
Nursing as Caring
interaction
with
a
changing
the person as an adaptive system ( input , control processes , output and feedback ) , functions as a whole through interdependence of its parts 4 Modes of Needs Physiological • Self-Concept • Role Function • Interdependence • Nursing: What Is It? CARE, CORE, CURE the nurse helps patients meet a perceived need that the patient cannot meet for themselves emphasized the importance of validating the need and evaluating care based on observable outcomes actions can be AUTOMATIC or nursing DELIBIRATIVE Elements Composing Nursing Situation: • Client Behavior • Nurse Reaction • Nurse Action the nurse’s individual philosophy or central purpose lends credence to nursing care Nursing: Human Science and Human Care nursing is the application of the art and human science through transpersonal caring transactions to help persons achieve mind-body-soul harmony, which generates self-knowledge, self-control, self-care, and self-healing emphasized free choice of personal meaning in relating value priorities, co-creating of rhythmical patterns, in exchange with the environment, and contranscending in many dimensions as possibilities unfold believed that each choice opens certain opportunities while closing others a person is a unique, irreplaceable individual who is in a continuous process of becoming, evolving and changing nursing is an existential experience the essential characteristic of nursing is nurturance the focus is on the person nurses in this theory facilitate, nurture and accept the person unconditionally focused on health as expanding consciousness change occurs through transformation caring is a moral imperative for nursing caring is central to the essence of nursing caring creates the possibilities for coping and creates possibilities for connecting with and concern for others all persons are caring, and nursing is a response to a unique social call
SOURCE: Mastering Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts an d Clinical Application by Josie Quiambao-Udan, RN, MAN. Second Edition, 2004
