Nursing Theories

HG Y LO G * K b o j G +

E g y 79 * 9 = =?

SGI@Y* _`jyibsa \+ I\K%9B

SAB@YBSOLGJ D@RKCGSO@K\ @D KRY\OKH

G+ BKTOY@KEBKSGJ SAB@Y_

‚O

saokf

`kb‟|

dbbjokh|

xg|sb

sabe|bjtb| ok x`yc|6 sab `rhas gjj s` ib

co|soj co|sojjbc jbc oks` oks`

glso`k| glso`k| xaola

iyokh iyokh

yb|rjs|+―

Dj`bklb Kohasokhgjb !714=/

Dj`ybkl Dj`ybklb b

Kohasok Kohasokhgj hgjb b

cbdokb cbdokbc c

Kry|ok Kry|okh h

g| ‚sab ‚sab

gls gls

`d

rsojo~ rsojo~okh okh sab bktoy`keb bktoy`kebks ks `d sab }gsobks }gsobks s` g||o|s g||o|s aoe ok ao|

ybl`tb ybl`tby― y― !714 !714=/ =/7? 7?4? 4?* *

sags sags

os

okt`j okt`jtb tb| |

sab

kry| kry|b( b(| |

okosogsotb s` l`kdohryb bktoy`kebksgj |bssokh| g}}y`}yogsb d`y sab hygcrg hygcrgj j sags

bqsbykgj

|ryy |ryy`r `rkc kcok okh| h|

yb|s`y yb|s`ygso gso`k `k dgls`y|

gddb gddbls ls

`d

sab }gsobks(| }gsobks(| abgjsa* abgjsa*

g||`logs ogsbc

jodb jodb

`y

xosa osa

io`j io`j`h `hol ol

}y`lb||b|* gkc ao| cbtbj`}ebks+ cbtbj`}ebks+

Bkto`kebksgj Dgls`| Gddblsokh Abgjsa

sab gkc gkc

gkc

}gsobks(| s(| }a| }a|o` o`j` j`ho hol l

Cbdokbc ok aby bktoy`kebksgj sab`y gyb sab d`jj`xokh dgls`y| }yb|bks ok sab }gsobks‟| bktoy`kebks> •

}ryb `y dyb|a goy

•

}ryb xgsby

•

|rddolobks d``c |r}}job|

•

bddolobks cygokghb

•

ljbgkjokb||

•

johas !b|}blogjj coybls |rkjohas

Gcbw Gcbwrg rgsb sb

tbks tbksoj ojgs gso` o`k k

ag| ag|

gj|` gj|`

ibbk ibbk

ybhg ybhgyc ycbc bc

g|

g

dgls`y l`ksyoirsokh s` lagkhb| `d sab }gsobks‟| }y`lb|| `d ojjkb|| ybl`tby+ Gk cbdolobkl ok `kb `y e`yb `d sab|b dgls`y|

l`r l`rjc

jbgc

s`

oe}goybc

drklso`kokh okh

`d

jodb

}y`lb||b| `y coeoko|abc abgjsa |sgsr|+

\ab gj|` be}ag|o~bc ok aby bktoy`kebksgj sab`y o| sab }y`t }y`to| o|o`k o`k `d gssb gssbkc kcok okh h

g wrobs

s`

`y

kò|b%dbb

gkc

cobs cobsgy gy 

kbbc kbbc| |

}gso }gsobk bks‟ s‟| |

xge

bkto`kebks bkto`kebks*

i

g||b g||b|| ||eb ebks ks* *

c`lreb c`lrebksgs ksgso`k o`k `d soeb soeb `d d``c d``c oksgfb* oksgfb* gkc btgjrg btgjrgsok sokh h os‟| bddbls| `k sab }gsobks+

Koha Kohaso sokh khgj gjb b

ibjo ibjobt btbc bc

sags sags

sab sab

bkto bktoy` y`ke kebk bks s

xg| xg|

sab sab

egn`y lè}`kbks lybgsokh lybgsokh ojjkb|| ok g }gsobks6 }gsobks6 |ab ybhgycbc ybhgycbc co|b co|bg| g|b b

g|

‚sab ‚sab

ybgl ybglso so`k `k| |

`d

fokc fokcj j

kgsr kgsryb yb

ghgo ghgok| k|s s

l`kcoso`k| ok xaola xb agtb }jglbc `ry|bjtb|+― Aby sab`y L`ksgok| saybb egn`y ybjgso`k|ao}|> •

bktoy`kebks s` }gsobks

•

kry|b s` bktoy`kebks

•

kry|b s` }gsobks

I+ OKSBYGLSOTB SAB@YOB\

sab sab

OKSBY]BY\@KGJ YBJGSO@K\ SAB@Y_

‚Sab fokc `d }by|`k sags sab kry|b iblèb| egfb| g |ri|sgksogj coddbybklb ok xags bgla }gsobks xojj jbgyk g| ab `y |ab yblbotb| kry|okh lgyb+―

Aojcbhgc ]b}jgr !7?29/

\ab

cbdo cbdokb kbc c

Kry|o Kry|okh kh

g|

‚gk

oksby} oksby}by| by|`kgj `kgj

}y`lb|| }y`lb|| `d

sabyg}brsol oksbyglso`k| ibsxbbk gk okcotocrgj xa` o| |olf `y

ok

kbbc kbbc

`d

abgj abgjsa sa

|byt |bytol olb| b|

gkc gkc

g

kry| kry|b b

b|}b b|}blo logj gjj j

bcrlgsbc s` ybl`hko~b* yb|}`kc s` sab kbbc d`y abj}+―

Cy+ ]b}jgr be}ag|o~bc be}ag|o~bc sab kr|b%ljobks bjgso`k|ao} g| sab sab

d`rk d`rkcg cgso so`k `k

`d

kry|okh kry|okh

}yglso }yglsolb lb+ +

Gs

sab

soeb*

a by

yb|bgyla gkc be}ag|o| `k sab hotb%gkc%sgfb `d kry|b%ljobks ybjg ybjgso so`k `k|a |ao} o}| |

xg| xg|

cb|lyo cb|lyoibc ibc

kry|b% kry|b%}gs }gsobk obks s

sab

}abk }abkè èbk` bk`k+ k+

Bgla Bgla

l`ksyoirso`k|

|bbk |bbk

}ag| }ag|b b

`k

sab

i

o|

egk egk

g|

ybt` ybt`jr jrso so`k `kgy gy+ +

ybjgso ybjgso`k| `k|ao} ao} rkow rkowrb rb

`rslè b

gkc gkc `d

g| ag| ag|

sab

g

\ab \ab

d`ry%} d`ry%}ag|b ag|b

co|s co|sokh okhro ro|a |abc bc kry|b%}gsob ks

oksbyglso`k+

]ag|b| @d Kr|b%]gsobks Ybjgso`k|ao}

Okcotocrgj/dgeoj ag| g ‚dbjs kbbc― 7 gkc |bbf| }y`db||o`kgj g||o|sgklb dyè g + @yobksgso`k

kry| kry|b b

!xa` !xa` o| g

|sygk |sygkhb hby y+ +

}yìjbe ocbksodolgso`k }ag|b+

Sao| Sao| o| sab sab

Xabyb sab }gsobks ibhok| s` agtb 9+ Ocbksodolgso`k

dbbjokh| `d ibj`khokhkb|| gkc g lg}glos d`y cbgjokh xosa sab }yìjbe* lybgsokh gk `}so `}soeo eo|s |sol ol

gsso gssosr srcb cb

|sybkhsa

bk|rb|+

|bjb |bjbls lso` o`k k

`d

dyè dyè

xaol xaola a

Abyb

okkb okkby y

ag}}bk|

g}}y g}}y`} `}yo yogs gsb b

sab

}y`d }y`db| b||o |o`k `kgj gj

g||o|sgklb+ Sab kry|b r|b| lèerkolgso`k lèerkolgso`k s``j| <+ Bq}jòsgso`k

s` `ddby |bytolb| s` sab }gsobks* xa` o| bq}blsbc

s`

sgfb

gctgksghb

`d

gjj

|bytolb|+ Xabyb }gsobks‟| kbbc| agtb gjybgc ibbk ibbk 3+ Yb|`jrso`k

ebs ebs

ibsxbbk

i

sab sab

sab

Sabyg Sabyg}b }brs rsol ol

l`jj l`jjgi gi`y `ygs gsot otb b

}gsobk s

gkc

ybjgs ybjgso` o`k| k|ao ao} }

sab

o|

bdd` bdd`ys ys| | kry|b+

sbye sbyeok okgs gsbc bc

gkc sab jokf| gyb co||`jtbc* g| }gsobks cyod cyods| s|

gxg gxg

dyè dyè

ocbk ocbkso sod dok okh h

xosa xosa

sab sab

kry|b g| sab abj}okh }by|`k+

Kry|okh Y`jb|

Ok sab l`ry|b l`ry|b `d sab kry|b%} kry|b%}gso gsobks bks ybjgso` ybjgso`k|a k|ao}* o}* sab kry|b g||reb| |btbygj y`jb| xaola be}`xby gkc bwro} aby ok ebbsokh sab kbbc| `d sab }gsobks+

\sgkhb Y`jb> Yblbotb| sab ljobks sab |geb xg `kb 7+ \sgkhb

ebbs| g |sygkhby ok `saby jodb |osrgso`k|6 }y`tocb| gk gllb}sokh ljoegsb sags irojc| syr|s+

9+ Yb Yb|` |`r rlb lb

Y`jb Y` jb>

Gk| Gk|xby|

wrb|so`k|+

Oksby}ybs| bs|

ljokolgj sybgsebks cgsg* hotb| okd`yegso`k+

Sbgl glao aokh kh <+ Sb

sygo sygoko kokh6 kh6

Y`jb Y` jb>

Hotb Hotb| |

okt`j okt`jtb tb| |

ok|s ok|syr yrls lso` o`k| k|

gkgj gkgj| |o| o|

gkc gkc

gkc gkc

}y`t }y`toc ocb| b|

|ks |ksab ab|o| |o|

`d

sab

jbgykby‟| bq}byobklb+

3+ L` L`rk rk|b |bjok jokh h

Y`jb> Y` jb>

Abj}|

ljobks

rkcby|sgkc

gkc

oksbhygsb sab ebgkokh `d lryybks jodb loylre|sgklb|6 }y`tocb| wrocgklb gkc bkl`ryghbebks s` egfb lagkhb|+

\r`hgsb gsb 2+ \r`h

Abj} Abj}| |

Y`jb> Y`jb>

cb}bkc cb}bkcbklb bklb* *

ljob ljobks ks| |

oksbycb oksbycb}bk }bkcbk cbklb* lb*

ljgy ljgyod od 

gkc

cègo cègok| k|

okcb}bk okcb}bkcbk cbklb lb

`d gkc

gls| `k ljobks| ibagjd g| gct`lgsb+

Jbgc gcb b|ao |ao} } 4+ Jb

Y`jb> Y` jb>

yb|} yb|}`k `k|o |oio iojo jos s

d`y d`y

Abj}| ebbs ebbsok okh h

ersrgjj |gso|dokh xg+

Gccoso`kgj Y`jb| okljrcb>

7+ Sblakolgj bq}bys 9+ L`k|rjsgks <+ Abgjsa sbglaby 3+ Srs`y 2+ \`logjo~okh ghbks 4+ \gdbs ghbks 8+ Egkghby `d bktoy`kebks 1+ Ebcogs`y ?+ Gceoko|sygs`y 7=+Ybl`ycby ì|bytby 77+Yb|bgylaby

ljobks

g||reb

sybg sybgse sebk bks s

egqoere

h`gj h`gj| |

ok

g

Cbdokoso`k `d sab Rkowrb Drklso`k `d Kr|okh

‚Sab

kry|b

l`k| l`k|lo lo`r `r|k |kb| b|| |

`d

o|

sbe}`ygyoj

sab

sab sab

rkl` rkl`k| k|lo lo`r `r|* |*

sab sab

j`tb `d jodb d`y sab |rolocgj* |rolocgj* sab jbh `d sab ge}rsbb* sab bb| `d sab kbxj ijokc* g

ebgk ebgk| |

`d

j`l` j`lè` e`so so`k `k

d`y d`y

sab sab

okdg okdgks ks* *

fk`xjbchb gkc l`kdocbklb d`y sab e`saby* sab sab

e`rs e`rsa} a}ob oblb lb

d`y d`y

sa`| sa`|b b

s`` s``

xbgf xbgf

`y

xosacygxk s` |}bgf gkc |` `k+―

Tohokog Abkcb|`k !7?22/

Abkcby|`k okco okcoto tocr crgj gj* *

|olf |olf

cbdokbc `y

Kry|okh

xbjj xbjj* *

ok

sab sab

g|

‚g||o|sokh

}byd }byd`y `yeg egkl klb b

`d

sab sa`| sa`|b b

glsoto glsotosob| sob| l`ksyoirs l`ksyoirsokh okh s` abgjsa abgjsa `y os‟| os‟| ybl`tb ybl`tby y !`y s` }bglbdrj cbgsa/ sags gk okcotocrgj x`rjc }byd`ye rkgocbc od ab agc sab kblb||gy |sybkhsa* xojj `y fk`xjbchb―+

\ab l`klb}srgjo~bc sab 73 Drkcgebksgj Kbbc| `d aregk|+ Sab|b kbbc| gyb>

•

Iybgsaokh k`yegjj

•

Bgsokh gkc cyokfokh gcbwrgsbj

•

Bjoeokgsokh i`c xg|sb|

•

E`tokh gkc egoksgokokh cb|oygijb }`|oso`k

•

\jbb}okh gkc yb|sokh

•

\bjblsokh |rosgijb lj`sab|

•

Egoksgokokh i`c sbe}bygsryb xosaok k`yegj ygkhb

•

Fbb}okh sab i`c ljbgk gkc xbjj%hy`èbc

•

Gtòcokh cgkhby| ok

•

Lèerkolgsokh xosa `saby|

•

X`y|ao}}okh gll`ycokh s` `kb‟| dgosa

•

X`yf `yfokh

ok

|rla

sab bktoy`kebks

g

xg

sags

`kb

dbbj|

g

|bk| bk|b

`d

gllè}jo|aebks •

]jgokh/}gysolo}gsokh ok tgyo`r| d`ye| `d yblybgso`k

•

Jbgykokh* Jbgykokh* co|l`tbyokh co|l`tbyokh `y |gso|dokh |gso|dokh sab lryo`|os lryo`|os sags jbgc jbgc| |

s`

k`ye k`yegj gj

cbtb cbtbj` j`}e }ebk bks s

gkc gkc

abgj abgjsa sa

gkc gkc

r|ok r|okh h

gtgojgijb abgjsa dglojosob|+

Sab Kry|b%]gsobks Ybjgso`k|ao}

Abkcby|`k

|sgsbc

sags

sabyb

gyb

saybb

jbtb j|

lè}yo|okh sab kry|b%}gsobks ybjgso`k|ao}>

7+ Sab kr|b g| g |ri|sosrsb d` sab }gsobks+ Ok soeb|

`d ojjkb||* xabk sab }gsobks lgkk`s drklso`k drjj* sab sab

kry| kry|b b

|bytb |bytb| |

g|

sab sab

|ri| |ri|sos sosrs rsb b

g|

s`

xags xags

sab

}gsobks jglf| |rla* g| fk`xjbchb* xojj* gkc |sybkhsa ok `ycby s` egfb aoe lè}jbsb* xa`jb gkc okcb}bkcbks `klb ghgok+ 9+ Sab kr|b g| g abj}b s` sab }gsobks+ Ok |osrgso`k|

xabyb xabyb sab }gsobks }gsobks

lgkk`s lgkk`s ebbs

ao| ig|ol kbbc|* kbbc|* sab

kry|b |bytb| g| g abj}by s` gllè}jo|a sabe+ }gsobks+ G| }gyskby|* <+ Sab kr|b g| g }gskb xosa sab }gsobks+

sab sab

kry| kry|b b

s`hb s`hbsa saby by+ + }by| }by|`k `k* *

gkc gkc I`sa I`sa

sab sab

sab sab g|

kry| kry|b b

}gso }gsobk bks s gk lgk lgk

d`ye d`yerjg rjgsb sb

gct` gct`lg lgsb sb be}`x be}`xby by

gkc gkc sab

sab sab g|

lgyb lgyb g

}gso }gsobk bks s

bddblsotb cblo|o`k| ybhgycokh ao| lgyb }jgk|+

}jgk }jgk

yb|` yb|`ry rylb lb s`

egfb egfb

Cykgeol Kr|b%]gsobks Ybjgso`k|ao}

‚Sab y`jb `d sab kry|b o| s` dokc `rs `rs

gkc gkc

ebbs ebbs

sab sab

}gso }gsobk bks( s(| |

oeeb oeebco cogs gsb b

kbbc d`y abj}+ Sab }gsobks(| }yb|bksokh ibagto` y

eg

ib

g

}jbg

d`y

abj}*

a`xbtby* a`xbtby* sab abj} kbbcbc eg k`s ib xags os g}}bgy| s` ib+―

Ocg Nbgk @jgkc` !7?47/

@yjgkc`(| sab`y xg| cbtbj`}bc ok sab jgsb 7?2=| dyè

ì|b ì|byt ytgs gso` o`k| k|

|ab |ab

ybl` ybl`yc ycbc bc

ibsx ibsxbb bbk k

g

kry| kry|b b

gkc gkc

}gso }gsobk bks+ s+

Cb|}osb aby bdd`ys|* |ab xg| `kj gijb s` lgsbh`yo~b sab ybl`yc| g| )h``c) `y )igc) kry|okh+ Os sabk cgxkbc `k aby sags sags

i`sa i`sa

sab sab

d`yer d`yerjg jgso so`k `k| |

d`y d`y

)h`` )h``c) c)

gkc gkc

)igc )igc) )

kry| kry|okh okh

xbyb l`ksgokbc ok sab ybl`yc|+ Dyè sab|b ì|bytgso`k| |ab d`yerjgsbc sab cbjoibygsotb kry|okh }y`lb||+

Saby Sabybd bd`y `yb* b* sa`rha sa`rhas| s|

gi`rs gi`rs

kry| kry|b| b| sab

kbbc kbbc

s`

}bylb} }bylb}so` so`k* k*

r|b r|b

`y

sab

sabo saboy y

}byl }bylb} b}so so`k `k* *

dbbjok dbbjokh h

bkhbkcb bkhbkcbybc ybc

dyè saboy sa`rhas| s` bq}j`yb bq}j`yb xosa }gsobks| }gsobks| sab ebgkokh `d saboy ibagto`y+ Sao| }y`lb|| abj}| sab kry|b dokc `rs sab kgsr kgsryb yb

`d

@yjg @yjgkc kc`( `(| | }yglso }yglsolb lb sab sab

sab sab

co|sy co|syb| b|| |

sab` sab`y y

ybeg ybegok ok| |

sab`yob sab`yob| |

kry| kry|b( b(| |

gkc gkc

d`lr d`lr| |

xags xags

`kb `kb

sab sab

gtgojgi gtgojgijb+ jb+ Sab `k

sab sab

abj} abj}

sab sab

}gsob }gsobks ks

`d

sab sab

e`|s e`|s

r|b `d

}gso }gsobk bks+ s+

Sab Sab

kbbc| kbbc|+ +

bddb bddbls lsot otb b

aby sab`y fbb}| |syb |sybkh khsa sa

`d

sab sab

sab`y o| sags os o| ljbgy* l`klo|b* gkc bg| s` r|b+ Xaojb }y`tocokh }y`tocokh sab `tbygjj `tbygjj dygebx`yf d`y kry|okh* kry|okh* sab r|b `d aby

sab`y sab`y c`b| c`b|

k`s bqljrc bqljrcb b

kry|b| kry|b| dyè dyè

r|okh r|okh

`saby `saby

sab`yob sab`yob| |

xaojb lgyokh d`y sab }gsobks+

Fby L`klb}s| `d Sabb Oksbj`lfokh Loljb| Sab`y

•

Gll`ycokh s` Agjj* Kry|okh o| }gysolo}gso`k ok lgb* l`b gkc lrb g|}bls|* xabyb LGYB o| sab |`jb drklso`k `d kry|b|* xabybg| sab L@YB gkc LRYB gyb |agybc xosa `saby ebeiby| `d sab abgjsa sbge

•

Sab egn`y }ry}`|b `d lgyb o| s` glaobtb gk oksby}by|`kgj ybjgso`k|ao} xosa sab okcotocrgj sags xojj dglojosgsb sab cbtbj`}ebks `d sab l`yb Jycog Agjj !7?47/

Aregk%s`%Aregk Ybjgso`k|ao} E`cbj E`cbj

‚G kry|b c`b| k`s `kj |bbf s` gjjbtogsb }a|olgj }gok `y ybkcby }a|olgj lgyb% |ab eoko|sby| s` sab xa`jb }by|`k+ Sab Sab

bqo| bqo|sbk sbklb lb

`d

|rdd |rddby byok okh* h*

xabs xabsab aby y

}a| }a|ol olgj gj* *

ebks ebksgj gj

`y

|}oyosrgj o| sab }y`}by l`klbyk `d sab kry|b+―

N`ylb Sgtbjibb !7?44/

Sygt Sygtbj bjib ibb( b(| |

bq}b bq}byo yobk bklb lb

ok

okos okosog ogj j

}|l }|la a

kry| kry|ok okh h

}yglsolb gs g Lgsa`jol lagyos a`|}osgj jbc aby s` ibjobtb

sags sags

sab lgyb hotbk hotbk ok sab|b sab|b s}b s}b

lè}g||o`k+

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Ibssy Kbregk !7?89/

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Ljobks Tgogijb|

Sab ljob ljobks| ks|‟ ‟ sab gkc

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ok

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ib

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drklso`k

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sab

K`yegj

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K`egj Jokb `d Cbdbk|b

S`

glao glaobt btb b

sab

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sab sab

||sb ||sbe* e*

sab sab

K`yeg K`yegj j

Jokb `d Cbdbk|b er|s gls ok l``ycokgso`k xosa sab k`yegj xbjjkb||

|sgsb gsb+

Os

er|s

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sab sab

glsr lsrgj

ygk ygkhb

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Os |bytb| g| g i`rkcgy d`y sab K`yegj Jokb `d Cbdbk|b s` gcnr|s s` |osrgso`k| sags saybgsbk sab oeigjgklb xosaok sab ljobks‟| |sgiojos+

\sb||`|

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Ybglso`k

Sab|b gyb sab `rslèb| `y }y`crlbc yb|rjs| `d lbysgok |syb||`y| gkc glso`k| `d sab jokb| yb|o|sgklb `d g ljobks+ Os lgk ib }`|osotb `y kbhgsotb cb}bkcokh `k sab cbhybb `d ybglso`k sab ljobks }y`crlb| s` gcnr|s gkc gcg}s xosa sab |osrgs |osrgso`k+ o`k+ Kbregk Kbregk |}blodo |}blodobc bc

sab|b sab|b

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s`xg s`xgyc yc| |

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sab sab

Ibagto`gj \y|sbe E`cbj

‚Bgla okcotocrgj ag| g }ybco|}`|oso`k s`

gls* gls*

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s`

sab sab

h`gj h`gj* *

ok

lbysgok xg| ygsaby sagk ok `saby xg|―

C``say Nàk|`k !7?87/

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yb}b yb}bgs gsok okh h

||s ||sbe be

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gkc gkc

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g

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7+ Sab

Gssgla Gssglaebks ebks

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okcotoc okcotocrgj rgj+ +

sao| sao|

Sab

e`|s e`|s

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`d

lj`|bk lj`|bkb||* b||*

gkc sab }gssbyk gkc l`ksokrgklb `d g |sy`kh }rijol i`kc+ 9+ Sab

Cb}bkcb Cb}bkcbkly kly

krysry krysryokh okh

\ri|y| \ri|y|sbe sbe gyb

ibagto ibagto`y| `y|

dyè dyè

glso`k glso`k| |

`saby `saby

sags sags

okcoto okcotocrg crgj| j|

syohhby syohhby ok

sab

bktoy`kebks+ Sab }y`crls `d cb}bkcbkl ibagto`y o| l`k| l`k|bk bks* s*

oksb oksbyb yb|s |s

`y

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gkc gkc

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|r}}`ys+ <+ Sab

ybjgsb sb| | \ri|y|s \ri|y|sbe be ybjg

Okhb|s Okhb|sotb otb

s`

sab sab

ibag ibagto to`y| `y|

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\ri| \r i|y| y|sb sbe e ybjg ybjgsb sb| |

Bjoe Bj oeok okgs gsot otb b

s`

ibag ibagto to`y `y| |

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ibagto`y| ibagto`y| ybgjsbc ybgjsbc s`

}y`lybgso`k `y yb}y`crlso`k+ 4+ Sa Sab b

Ghh Gh hb| b||o |otb tb

ybjgsb sb| | \ri| \r i|y| y|sb sbe e ybjg

s`

ibag ibagto to`y `y| |

l`klbykbc xosa sab cbdbk|b gkc |bjd%}yb|bytgso`k+ 8+ Sab

Glaobt Glaobtbeb bebks ks

gssb}s gssb}s

s`

}a| }a|ol olgj gj* * |fojj|

\ri|y|s \ri|y|sbe be l`ksgo l`ksgok| k|

l`ksy` l`ksy`j j

sab

bktoy`k bktoy`kebk ebks+ s+

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gybg|

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lèe lèerk rkj j

sags

Nàk|`k

co|sokhro|ab|+

H`gj Gssgokebks Sab`y

‚Od sab

|srcbk |srcbks| s|

lgk‟s lgk‟s c`

sab r|b gctgklbc fk`xjbchb+―

sab drkcgebks drkcgebksgj| gj|* *

a`x lgk

Oe`hbkb Fokh !7?87/

Fokh |sgsbc sags Kry|okh o| g }y`lb|| `d

glso`k*

bglso`k*

gkc

oksbglso`k

xabybi kry|b gkc ljobks |agyb okd`yegso`k gi`rs saboy }bylb}so`k ok sab kry|okh |osrgso`k+

Glso`k

Glso`k o| g ebgk| `d ibagto`y `y glsotosob| sags gyb s`xg s`xgyc yc| |

sab sab

gll` gllè} e}jo jo|a |aeb ebks ks

`d

lbys lbysgo gok k

gls+ gls+

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o|

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Ok

Fokh Fokh‟| ‟|

sab` sab`y y* *

ybgl ybglso so`k `k

|èba` |èba`x x

ybjgsb ybjgsb| |

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g|

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o| `d

k`s k`s

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irs irs

glso`k+ glso`k+ Gll`ycokh Gll`ycokh s`

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Oksbglso`k

Oksb Oksbyg ygls lso` o`k* k* xaby xabybo bok k

sab sab

g|

kry| kry|b b

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i

gkc gkc

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cbgj| cbgj|

o|

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gk gk g

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ljobk ljobksb sbjb jb

`y

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Os ckg ckgeo eol l

o|

sab sab

gi|b gi|bkl klb b

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bktoy` bktoy`kebk kebks s aokcygklb|+

lgk

`d

ibsx ibsxbb bbk k

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i`rk i`rkcg cgy y sab sab

bqo| bqo|sb sbkl klb* b*

oksb oksbyk ykgj gj

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gkc gkc

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g

bqsb bqsbyk ykgj gj

igyyob igyyoby| y|

`y

Fokh }y`}`|bc sags sab kry|b oksbygls| ok sab ||sbe |oerjsgkb`r|j gs saybb coddbybks jbtbj|+ Sab|b jbtbj| gyb okcb okcb}b }bkc kcbk bks s

gkc gkc

gs

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ig|bc dyè }by|`kgj h`gj| gkc ibjobd| •

Oksb}b|`kgj% a`x sab kry|b oksbyybjgsb| xosa g l`%

x`yfb x`yfby y

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C``sabg @be !7?87/

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sab

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!Okcotocrgj‟| giojos o| k`s gcbwrgsb s` ebbs sab fk`xk |bjd%lgyb kbbc|+

<+ Kr|okh \y|sbe % kry|okh oksbytbkso`k| kbbcbc

xabk Okcotocrgj o| rkgijb s` }byd`ye sab kblb||gy |bjd%lgyb glsotosob|> 7+ Xa`jjy lè}bk|gs`y % kry|b }y`tocb| bksoyb

|bjd%lgyb d`y sab ljobks+



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9+ ]gsogj lè}bk|gs`y % kry|b gkc ljobks

}byd`ye lgyb* ljobks lgk }byd`ye |bjblsbc |bjd%lgyb glsotosob|* irs gj|` gllb}s| lgyb c`kb i sab kry|b d`y kbbc| sab ljobks lgkk`s ebbs okcb}bkcbksj+



Bqge}jb> Kry|b lgk g||o|s }`|s `}bygsotb ljobks s` geirjgsb* Kry|b lgk iyokh g ebgj syg d`y ljobks xa` lgk dbbc aoe|bjd

<+ \r}}`sotb%bcrlgsotb % kry|b‟| glso`k| gyb

s` abj} sab ljobks cbtbj`}/jbgyk saboy `xk |bjd%lgyb giojosob| say`rha fk`xjbchb* |r}}`ys gkc bkl`ryghbebks+



Bqge}jb> Kry|b hrocb| g e`saby a`x s` iybg|sdbbc aby igi* L`rk|bjokh g }|laogsyol ljobks `k e`yb gcg}sotb l`}okh |sygsbhob|+

Sxbksy%@kb Kr|okh ]ìjbe|

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lgyokh

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Dgyb Hjbk Gicbjjga !7?4=/

Sab hy`r}b hy`r}bc c

l`kl l`klb} b}s s oks` oks`

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Kry| Kry|ok okh h

sxbks sxbks%`k %`kb b

ok

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sao| sao| gybg| gybg|

sab` sab`y y

o|

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d`y kry|b| kry|b| s`

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co|l co|lo} o}jok jokb| b|

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gys gys

gkc

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sags sags

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okco okcoto tocr crgj gj|* |*

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Sy}`j`hy `d Sxbksy%`kb Kr|okh ]ìjbe|

7+ S` egoksgok h``c ahobkb+

9+ S` }yè`sb `}soegj `}soegj glsotos6 glsotos6 bqbylo|b* bqbylo|b* yb|s gkc |jbb}+ <+ S` }yè`sb |gdbs+ 3+ S` egoksgok h``c i`c eblagkol|+ eblagkol|+ 2+ S` dglojosgsb sab egoksbkgklb `d g |r}}j `d `qhbk 4+ S` dglojosgsb egoksbkgklb `d krsyoso`k 8+ S` dglojosgsb egoksbkgklb `d bjoeokgso`k 1+ S` dglojosgsb sab egoksbkgklb `d djroc gkc bjblsy`jsb

igjgklb ?+ S` ybl`hko~b sab }a|o`j`hol yb|}`k|b `d sab i`c s`

co|bg|b l`kcoso`k| 7=+S` dglojosgsb sab egoksb egoksbkgklb kgklb `d ybhrjg ybhrjgs`y s`y eblagko|e|

gkc drklso`k|+ drklso`k|+ 77+S` dglojosgsb sab egoksbkgklb `d |bk|`y drklso`k| 79+S`

ocbksod

gkc

gllb}s

}`|o sotb

gkc

kbhgso tb

bq}yb||o`k|* dbbjokh| gkc ybglso`k| 7<+S`

ocbkso sod d

gkc

gllb}s

sab

oksbyyb ybj jgsbckb||

`d

be`so`k| gkc ojjkb||+ 73+S` dglojosgsb sab egoksbkgklb `d bddblsotb tbyigj gkc

k`k%tbyigj lèerkolgso`k 72+S` }yè`sb sab cbtbj`}ebks `d }y`crl }y`crlsotb sotb oksby}by|`kgj oksby}by|`kgj

ybjgso`k|ao} 74+S` dglojosgsb }y`hyb|| s`xgyc glaobtbebks `d }by|`kgj

|}oyosrgj h`gj| 78+S` lybgsb gkc egoksgok g sabyg}brsol bktoy`kebks 71+S` dglojosgsb gxgybkb|| `d |bjd g| gk okcotocrgj xosa tgyokh kbbc|+

7?+S` gllb}s sab `}soere }`||oijb h`gj| 9=+S`

r|b r| b

lèe l` eerk rkos os 

yb|` yb |`ry rylb lb| |

g|

gk

goc go c

ok

yb|` yb |`jt jtok okh h

}yìjbe| gyo|okh dyè ojjkb||+ 97+S`

rkcby|sgkc

sab

y` jb

`d

|`logj

}yìjb e|

g|

okdjrbklokh dgls`y|

Abj}okh Gs `d Ljokolgj Kr|okh

)E sab|o| o| sags kry|okh gys o| k`s

lè}yo|bc

ybglso`kg `kgy

`d

ygso`kgj

glso`k|

irs irs

k`y

ygsaby

`d

cbjoibygsotb glso`k+)

Bkb|sokb Xobcbkigla !7?43/

Xobcb Xobcbki kigl gla a ocbksodol dolgso`k ì|bytgso`k bq}j bq}j`y `ygso gso`k `k }gso }gsobk bks* s*

l`kl l`klb}s b}srg rgjo jo~b ~b| | `d

`d `d

g

}gsobks‟ ks‟|

}yb|bksokh sab sab

ebgkokh `d

cbsb cbsbye yeok okok okh h

kry|o kry|okh kh

sab sab

kbbc

g| d`y

ibagto`y| sa`| sa`|b b

lgr| lgr|b! b!| |

sab sab abj} bj} gkc

|e} |e}s` sè| e| `d

}ygl }yglso solb lb say`rha rha |e}sè|* xosa xosa

sab sab

co|l co|lè èd` d`ys ys* *

gkc gkc

cbsbyeokokh cbsbyeokokh sab }gsobks‟| }gsobks‟| giojos s` yb|`jtb sab co|lèd`ys `y od sab }gsobks ag| g kbbc d`y abj} dyè sab kry|b `y `saby abgjsalgyb }y`db||o`kgj|+

Kry|okh }yoegyoj l`k|o|s| `d ocbksodokh g }gsobks‟| kbbc d`y abj}+ Od sab kbbc d`y abj} ybwroyb| oksbytbkso`k* sab sab

kry| kry|b b

dglo dglojo josg sgsb sb| |

sab sab

ebco ebcolg lgj j

}jgk }jgk

`d

lgyb lgyb

gkc gkc

gj|` gj|`

lybg lybgsb sb| |

gkc gkc

oe}j oe}jbe bebk bks| s|

g

kry| kry|ok okh h

}jgk }jgk

`d

lgyb lgyb

ig|b ig|bc c

`k

kbbc| gkc cb|oyb| `d sab }gsobks+ Ok }y`tocokh lgyb* g kry|b bqbylo bqbylo|b| |b| gkc

|`rkc |`rkc

bcrlgsbc

nrchebk nrchebks s

say`rh say`rha a

ybl`hkoso` so`k

`d

cbjoib cbjoibygs ygsotb* otb* |e}sè|+ e|+

}yglsol }yglsolbc* bc*

Sab

}gsobks‟| s‟|

}bylb} }bylb}so`k so`k `d sab |osrgs |osrgso`k o`k o| gk oe}`ys oe}`ysgks gks l`k|ocb l`k|ocbygs ygso`k o`k s` sab kry|b xabk }y`tocokh lè}bsbks lgyb+ Gll`y Gll`yco cokh kh ljok ljokol olgj gj

s`

Xobc Xobcbk bkigl igla a

kry| kry|ok okh> h>

!7 /

saby sabyb b

gyb gyb

} a o j `| ` } ay *

d`ry d`ry

!9 /

bjbeb bjbebks ks| |

} r } ` |b *

s` !
}glsolb* gkc !3/ gs+

•

Sab Sab

kry| kry|b| b|‟ ‟

}aoj }aoj`| `|`} `}a a

xg| xg|

sabo saboy y

ibjobd ibjobd gi`rs jodb gkc a`x sags sags

gsso gssosr srcb cb

gkc gkc

bddbls bddblsbc bc ybgjos ybgjos

d`y sabe+ ]aoj`|`}a o| xags e`sotgsb| sab kry|b s` gls ok g lbysgok xg+

Xobc Xobcbk bkig igla la b||b b||bks ksog ogj j

gj|` gj|`

ibjo ibjobt btbc bc

lè} lè}`k `kbks bks| |

sags sags

g||` g||`lo logs gsbc bc

saby sabyb b xosa xosa

g

xbyb xbyb

<

kry| kry|okh okh

}aoj`|`}a>

◆

Ybtb Ybtbyb ybkl klb b d`y d`y jodb jodb

◆

Yb|} Yb|}bl bls s d`y sab cohk cohkos os* * x`ys x`ysa* a* grs` grs`k` kè e gkc okcotocrgjos `d bgla aregk ibokh

◆

Yb|`jrso` k

s`

gls

`k

}by|`kgjj

g kc

}y`db||o`kgjj abjc ibjobd|

•

Kry|b|‟ }ry}`|b o| sags xaola sab kry|b xgks| s` gllè} gllè}jo| jo|a a say`rha say`rha xags xags |ab c`b| c`b|+ +

Os o| gjj `d `d

sab glsotosob| coyblsbc s`xgyc| sab `tbygjj h``c `d sab }gsobks+

•

]ygl ]yglso solb lb| |

gyb gyb

sa`|b sa`|b

ì|by ì|bytg tgij ijb b

kry| kry|ok okh h

glso glso`k| `k|

sags gyb gddblsbc i ibjobd| gkc dbbjokh| gi`rs ebbsokh sab }gsobks‟| kbbc d`y abj}+

•

Sab Sab

Gys Gys

`d

}gsobk }gsobks‟| s‟|

kry| kry|ok okh h

kbbc| kbbc|

gkc

oklj okljrc rcb| b|

l`klbyk l`klbyk|* |*

rkcb rkcby| y|sg sgkc kcok okh h

cbtbj` cbtbj`}ok }okh h

h`gj| h`gj|

gkc glso`k| oksbkcbc s` bkagklb }gsobks‟| giojos gkc gkc

coyb coybls lsok okh h

sab sab

glso glsoto toso sob| b|

ybjg ybjgsb sbc c

s`

sab sab

ebcolgj }jgk s` oe}y`tb sab }gsobks‟| l`kcoso`k+ Sab

kry|b|

gj|`

lè}jolgso`k|

d`lr|b|

ybjgsb c

`k

s`

}ybtbkso`k

yb`llryybklb

`d `y

cbtbj`}ebks `d kbx l`klbyk|+

Sab L`k|btgso`k E`cbj

)Bsaolgj ibagto`ry o| k`s sab co|}jg `d `kb(| e`ygj yblsosrcb rcb

ok

soeb|

bq}y bq}yb| b||o` |o`k k

`d

`kb( `kb(| |

`d

lyo|o| |o|+

lèe lèeos oseb ebks ks

s`

Os

o|

`sab `saby y

sab

cg%s`% s`%cg

}by| }by|`k `k| |

gkc gkc

sab sab

xg| ok xaola aregk ibokh| ybjgsb s` `kb gk`saby ok saboy cgoj oksbyglso`k|+―

Eyg Jbtokb !7?88/

\ab \ab

cbdo cbdokb kbc c

kry| kry|ok okh h

g|

|r}} |r}}`y `yso sotb tb

$

saby sabyg} g}br brso sol l

oksbytbkso`k| oksbytbkso`k| ig|bc `k |lobksodol |lobksodol `y sabyg}brsol sabyg}brsol fk`xjbchb+ Kry|okh glso`k| ig|bc `k d`ry }yoklo}jb|>

•

l`k|bytgso`k `d bkbyh

•

|syrlsrygj oksbhyos

•

}by|`kgj oksbhyos

•

|`logj oksbhyos

C+ CBTBJ@]EBKSGJ SAB@YOB\

Gcg}sgso`k E`cbj

‚Sab e`cbj }y`tocb| g xg `d saokfokh gi`rs }b`}jb gkc saboy bktoy`kebks sags o| r|bdrj

ok

gk 

}yo`y }yo`yoso~ oso~b b

lgyb lgyb

s`

e`tb

sab

|bssokh+

Os

abj}|

`kb

gkc lagjjbk lagjjbkhb| hb| sab kry|b kry|b

}gsobks

dyè

|rytotgj

s`

sygk|d`yegso`k+―

\o|sb Lgjjo|sg Y`y !7?8?/

\ab tobxbc aregk| g| io`}|la`|`lo io`}|la`|`logj gj ibokh| l`k|sgksj l`k|sgksj oksbyglsokh xosa g lagkhokh bktoy`kebks gkc xa` l`}b xosa sabo saboy y

bkto bktoy` y`ke kebk bks s

say` say`rh rha a

Io`} Io`}| |la la`| `|`l `log ogj j

gcg} gcg}sg sgso so`k `k

eblagko|e|+ Sabyb gyb sx` lgsbh`yob| `d l`}okh eblagko|e| gll` gll`yc ycok okh h

s`

Y` Y`

kgeb kgebj j

sab sab

ybhr ybhrjg jgs` s`y y

gkc gkc

sab sab

l`hk l`hkgs gs`y `y

|ri||sbe|>

•

Ybhrj Ybhrjgs gs` `

\ri| \r i|y| y|sbe sbe

sygk sygk|} |}oy oyb| b|

say` say`rh rha a

kbrs kbrsyg ygj* j*

labeolgj gkc bkc`lyokb }y`lb||b| jofb sab oklybg|b ok tosgj |ohk|%|e}gsabsol yb|}`k|b s` |syb||+

•

* `k sab `saby agkc* `llry| say`rha L`hkgs` \ri|y|sbe l`hko l`hkoso sotb tb%b %be` e`so sotb tb bddbls| bddbls| `d

}y`l }y`lb| b||b |b|+ |+

D`y D`y

ok|s ok|sgk gklb lb* *

}y`j`k }y`j`khbc hbc a`|}osg a`|}osgjo~ jo~gso gso`k `k

d`y g

gyb gyb

sab

d`ry% d`ry%bgy bgy

`jc laojc+

Sab Sab

cbhy cbhybb bb

`d

oksb oksbyk ykgj gj

`y

bqsb bqsbyk ykgj gj

bkto bktoy` y`ke kebk bksg sgj j

lagkhb gkc sab }by|`k‟| giojos s` l`}b xosa sags lagkhb o| jofb jofbj j

s`

cbsb cbsbye yeok okb b

oksbytbkso`k|

gyb

sab sab

}by|` }by|`k‟ k‟| |

goebc

gs

abgj abgjsa sa

|sgs |sgsr|+ r|+

}yè`sokh

Kry| Kry|ok okh h

}a|o`j`hol*

}|la`j`hol* gkc |`logj drklso`kokh `y gcg}sgso`k+

Sgk|lrjsrgj Sab`y

‚Lgyb o| sab abgys `d kry|okh6 Lgyb o| }`xby6 }`xby6 Lgyb Lgyb

o| b||bks b||bksogj ogj s` abgjok abgjokh6 h6

Lgyb o| lryokh6 gkc Lgyb o| sab lbksygj gkc

cèokgks

d`lr|

sygk sygk|l |lrj rjsr sryg ygj j

`d

kry| kry|ok okh h

kry|okh

gkc

cblo cblo|o |o`k `k| |

gkc gkc

glso`k|+―

Egcbjbokb Jbokokhb !7?12/

\ab |sgs |sgsbc bc |lobks |lobksodol odol areg aregk k

lgyb lgyb

|r}} |r}}`y `ys* s*

sags sags

g

jbgyk jbgykbc bc aregk aregko| o|so sol l

gkc

co|lo}j co|lo}jokb okb

xaola xaola

}abk }abkè èbkg bkg

gkc gkc

glso glsotos tosob ob| |

ok

`y

lrjs lrjsry rygj gjj j

o|

}y`db| }y`db||o`k |o`k

dglo dglojo josg sgsb* sb*

egoksgo k

Kry| Kry|ok okh h

ybhgok

ebgk ebgkok okhd hdrj rj

`y

bkgi bkgijb jb

saboy gkc gkc

o|

xbjj

ibokh

ibkb ibkbdo dolo logj gj

d`lr|b d`lr|bc c

`ycby `ycby

okco okcoto tocr crgj gj| | !`y

xg| xg|* *

gkc

s`

`y

g||o g||o|s* |s*

hy`r hy`r}| }| abgjsa

`y

`k

s`

s` ok

abj} abj}

}b`}jb dglb agkcolg}| `y cbgsa+ Sgk|lrjsrgj kr|okh g| g jbgykbc |ridobjc `y iygkla

`d

kry|o kry|okh kh

gkgj| gkgj|o| o|

`d

xaol xaola a

d`lr d`lr|b |b| |

lrjsry lrjsryb| b|

xosa xosa

r}`k r}`k

sab sab

yb|}bl yb|}bls s

lè} lè}gy gygso gsotb tb s`

|src |src 

kry|okh kry|okh gkc

gkc

abgjsa% abgjsa%

ojjkb|| lgyokh }yglsolb|* ibjobd| gkc tgjrb| xosa sab h`gj s` }y`tocb }y`tocb ebgkokhdrj ebgkokhdrj gkc bddolglo`r| bddolglo`r| kry|okh lgyb |bytolb| |bytolb| s`

}b`}jb }b`}jb gll`yc gll`ycokh okh s`

ojjk ojjkb| b|| | lrjs lrjsry ryb| b| abgjsa

l`ks l`ksbq bqs+ s+ agtb agtb gkc

Os

saboy saboy

d`lr d`lr|b |b| |

codd coddby bybks bks

ojjkb||

lrjsryg lrjsrygj j `k

lgyo lgyokh kh

tgjrb|*

sab sab

tgjrb| tgjrb| gkc

dgls dgls

sags sags

codd coddby bybk bks s

gkc gkc

codd coddby bybks bks

ibag ibagto` to`y| y|

ibjob jobd|*

abgjsa% abgjsa%

gkc

}gs }gssbyk|

`d

ibagto`y|+ ibagto`y|+ Gxgybkb|| `d sab coddbybklb| gjj`x| sab kry|b s` cb|ohk lrjsryb%|}blodol kry|okh oksbytbkso`k|+

]aoj`|`}ay gkc \lobklb `d Lgokh

‚Lgyokh ok kry|okh l`ktb| }a|olgj Gls| irs beiyglb| sab eokc%i`c%|}oyos g| os ybljgoe| sab bei`cobc |}oyos g| os| d`lr| gssbkso`k+―

Eghgbs Nbgk Xgs|`k !7?8?/

Xgs|`k }y`}`|b| |btbk g||re}so`k| gi`rs sab |lobklb `d lgyo lgyokh kh

gkc gkc

sbk sb k

}oe } oeg gy y

lgg lg gso sotb tb

dgls dg ls` `| |

s`

d`ye

s ab

dygebx`yf `d aby sab`y+ Sab ig|ol g||re}so`k| gyb>

•

Lgyokh Lgyokh

lgk ib

bddbls bddblsotb otbj j

cbe`k| cbe`k|sygs sygsbc bc

gkc }yglso }yglsolbc lbc

`kj oksby}by|`kgjj6 •

Bddbl Bddblso sotb tb

lgyo lgyokh kh

}yè }yè`s `sb| b|

abgj abgjsa sa

gkc gkc

okco okcoto tocr crgj gj

`y

dgeoj hy`xsa6 •

Lgyokh yb|}`k|b| gllb}s g }by|`k k`s `kj g| ab `y |ab o| k`x irs g| xags ab `y |ab eg iblèb6

•

G

lgyokh

bktoy`kebk s

o|

`kb

sags

`ddby|

sab

cbtbj`}ebks `d }`sbksogj xaojb gjj`xokh sab }by|`k s`

la``| la``|b b

sab sab

ib|s ib|s

glso glso`k `k

d`y d`y

aoe|b aoe|bjd jd

`y

aby| aby|bj bjd d

gs

g

hotbk }òks ok soeb •

Lgyokh o| e`yb ‚abgjsa`hbkol― sagk o| lryokh+ Sab }yglsolb

`d

lgyokh

fk`xjbc fk`xjbchb hb `d

aregk aregk

abgjs abgjsa a gkc gkc s`

}y`to }y`tocb cb

|lobklb `d lgyokh

oksbhygsb |

ibagto`y ibagto`y

o|

lgyb lgyb

s`

s`

sabybd`yb sabybd`yb

io`}a|ol gj

hbkbygs hbkbygsb b

sa`| sa`|b b

xa`

`y gyb gyb

lè}jbebksgy lè}jbebksgy

}yè`s }yè`sb b ojj+ ojj+ s`

G

sab

|lobklb `d lryokh+ •

Sab }yglsolb `d lgyokh o| lbksygj s` kry|okh

Sbk Lggsotb Dgls`| 7+ Sab }yè`so`k `d g aregko|sol%gjsyro|sol ||sbe `d

tgjrb| 9+ Ok|sojjgso`k `d dgosa%a`}b <+ Sab lrjsotgso`k `d |bk|osotos s` `kb‟| |bjd gkc `saby|

3+ Sab cbtbj`}ebks cbtbj`}ebks `d g abj}okh%syr|sokh abj}okh%syr|sokh* * aregk lgyokh ybjgso`k|ao} 2+ ]yè`so`k gkc gllb}sgklb `d sab bq}yb||o`k `d }`|osotb

gkc kbhgsotb dbbjokh|+ 4+ Sab ||sbeol r|b `d sab |lobksodol }yìjbe%|`jtokh

ebsa`c d`y cblo|o`k egfokh 8+ Sab }yè`so`k `d oksby}by|`kgj sbglaokh%jbgykokh 1+ Sab }y`to|o`k d`y |r}}`ysotb* }y`sblsotb gkc

l`yyblsotb ebksgj* }a|olgj* |`lo`%lrjsrygj gkc |}oyosrgj bktoy`kebks ?+ G||o|sgklb xosa sab hygsodolgso`k `d aregk kbbc| 7=+Sab gjj`xgklb d`y bqo|sbksogj }abkèbk`j`holgj d`ylb|

Sab Sa b

\lob \l obkl klb b

`d

Rkos Rk osg gy y

Areg Ar egk k

Ibok Ib okh| h|* *

gkc gk c

]ok ] oklo lo}j }jb| b|

`d

Aèb`cykgeol|

‚Kry|okh o| gk gys gkc |lobklb sags o| aregko|sol gkc areg aregko kosg sgyo yogk gk+ + rkos rkosgy gy 

Os

areg aregk k

o|

gkc gkc

coyb coybls lsbc bc

o|

s`xg s`xgyc yc

l`kl l`klby bykb kbc c

sab sab

xosa xosa

sab sab

kgsryb gkc coyblso`k `d aregk cbtbj`}ebks+―

Egsag Y`hb| !7?8=/

Kry|okh Kry|okh oksbytb oksbytbkso kso`k| `k| |bbf s` }yè`sb }yè`sb agye`ko`r|

oksbyglso`k

ibsxbbk

}by|`k|

gkc

saboy

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