FBQ ) K`sd~ Nob}sdq 8 oss}7//xxx+n}b)nfb+`qh
Fjkbknjbl Jk~sqtidks~ Fbjq vbltd cj~nl`~tqd qdrtjqdc f`q fjkbknjbl jk~sqtidks~ djsodq jk sod a`cz `f sod F/^ `q jk sod k`sd~
Nqdcjs qj~e „ }`~~jajljsz `f l`~~ fq`i sod fbjltqd `f bk`sodq }bqsz s` }dqf`qi bnn`qcjkh s` sod n`ksqbns sdqi~ N`kndksqbsj`k `f nqdcjs qj~e „ `vdqxdjhos jk ~`id ~dns`q, qdhj`k `q n`i}bkjd~ xjso ~jijlbq nobqbnsdqj~sjn~ ) it~s cj~nl`~d bll ~jhkjfjnbks n`kndksqbsj`k~ `f nqdcjs qj~e jk k`sd~ s` sod F/^ Ibqeds qj~e adsb* „ qj~e ctd s` nobkhd~ jk dn`k`ijn njqnti~sbknd~ Cdqjvbsjvd jk~sqtidks ^FB^ 2>>* „ fjkbknjbl jk~sqtidks sobs cdqjvd~ js~ vbltd fq`i bk`sodq jk~sqtidks `q b~~ds ) ob~ `kd `q i`qd tkcdqlzjkh b~~ds~ bkc ob~ k`sj`kbl bi`tks~ tkjs `f idb~tqd* ) qdrtjqd~ k` jkjsjbl kds jkvd~sidks ) sodqd j~ b ~dssldidks F`qxbqc~ bqd n`ksqbnsdc adsxddk }bqsjd~ Ftstqd~ bqd ibcd soq`tho nldbqjkho`t~d~ Qd}`qsjkh hbjk~ bkc l`~~d~ Cdqjvbsjvd~ sobs bqd ~}dntlbsjvd c`k‚s odchd bkzsojkh* bqd qdn`hkjwdc ntqqdkslz jk dbqkjkh~ Fbjq vbltd odchd „ cdqjvbsjvd cd~jhkdc s` odchd bhbjk~s nobkhd~ jk sod fbjq vbltd `f bk b~~ds `q ljbajljsz ) h/l‚~ `k sod cdqjvbsjvd bkc sod h/l `k sod odchdc jsdi bqd qdn`hkjwdc ntqqdkslz jk dbqkjkh~ Nb~o fl`x odchd „ odchd d}`~tqd s` d}dnsdc ftstqd nb~o fl`x~ ) dffdnsjvd }`qsj`k `f nb~o fl`x odchd „ qd}`qsdc jk `sodq n`i}qdodk~jvd jkn`id ]TF D* ) jkdffdnsjvd }`qsj`k `f nb~o fl`x odchd „ qd}`qsdc jk ntqqdks dbqkjkh~ F`qdjhk `}dqbsj`k ntqqdknz odchd „ qd}`qs jk `sodq n`i}qdodk~jvd jkn`id b~ }bqs `f ntitlbsjvd sqbk~lbsj`k bcg+
^s`neo`lcdq~ Drtjsz Ldhbl nb}jsbl „ bi`tks `f nb}jsbl sobs it~s ad qdsbjkdc az sod n`q}`qbsj`k f`q }q`sdnsj`k `f nqdcjs`q~ ) bl~` ek`xk b~ }bq `q “~sbsdc’ vbltd `f a`so }qdfdqqdc bkc n`ii`k ~s`ne Btso`qjwdc ~s`ne „ bi`tks `f ~s`ne obs a`bqc ob~ btso`qjwdc s` j~~td J~~tdc ~s`ne „ btso`qjwdc ~s`ne sobs j~ j~~tdc @ts~sbkcjkh ~s`ne „ j~~tdc ~s`ne odlc az ~obqdo`lcdq~
Ntitlbsjvd }qdfdqqdc ~s`ne „ cjvjcdkc~ k`s }bjc bnntitlbsd+ Hds }bjc cjvjcdkc jk bqqdbq~ adf`qd `sodq~ ]bqnjsj}bsjkh }qdfdqqdc ~s`ne „ qdndjvd sodjq cjvjcdkc~ fjq~s, sodk ~obqd bccjsj`kbl cjvjcdkc~ xjso `sodq~ N`kvdqsjald }qdfdqqdc ~s`ne „ ibz ad dnobkhdc f`q n`ii`k ~s`ne Cjvjcdkc~ cdnlbqdc qdctnd qdsbjkdc dbqkjkh~ Q/D B}}q`}qjbsdc Q/D „ ~`id }`qsj`k `f Q/D sobs j~ ldhbllz qd~sqjnsdc bkc k`s bvbjlbald s` }bz cjvjcdkc~ Rtb~j)`qhbkjwbsj`k „ bk bnn`tksjkh bcgt~sidks s` dljijkbsd kdhbsjvd Q/D bkc obvd b fqd~o ~sbqs Sqbk~bnsj`k~ xjso `xkdq~ j~~td/qd}tqnob~d `f ~s`ne, }bzjkh cjvjcdkc~* bqd kdvdq qdn`qcdc `k sod J/^ Sqdb~tqz ~s`ne „ j~ k`s dksjsldc s` bkz `f sod qjhos~ `f n`ii`k ~obqdo`lcdq~ k` v`sjkh, k` cjvjcdkc~* bkc j~ b n`ksqb drtjsz bnn`tks 1 idso`c~ `f bnn`tksjkh7 2+ N`~s idso`c 1+ Ldhbl `q ]bq vbltd idso`c 2
FBQ ) K`sd~ Nob}sdq 8 oss}7//xxx+n}b)nfb+`qh ‡
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Sod }qjibqz cjffdqdknd adsxddk sod sx` j~ sod sjijkh `f sod qdn`hkjsj`k `f hbjk/l`~~ `k sqdb~tqz ~s`ne sqbk~bnsj`k~+ A`so qdn`qc sod hbjk/l`~~ b~ b cjqdns bcgt~sidks s` ~s`neo`lcdq~ drtjsz
N`~s idso`c „ t~dc :4$ `f sod sjid Sqdb~tqz ~obqd~ bqd qdn`qcdc bkc nbqqjdc bs sodjq bnrtj~jsj`k n`~s Hbjk/l`~~ xjll ad cdsdqijkdc xodk sod sqdb~tqz ~s`ne j~ qdj~~tdc `q qdsjqdc Sqdb~tqz ~s`ne ~obqd~ ' bnrtj~jsj`k }qjnd* Nb~o Qd}tqnob~d bs hbjk Nb~o bi`tks qdndjvdc* S^ n`~s* B]JN)S^ }lth* Qd}tqnob~d bs b l`~~ bkc sodqd j~ k`s dk`tho j~ B]JN s` n`vdq sod l`~~ Nb~o B]JN)S^ Q/D dnd~~ bi`tks* S^ n`~s* ]qd~dks `k A/^ bfsdq Q/D adf`qd ~s`neo`lcdq~ drtjsz s`sbl
Ldhbl `q }bq vbltd idso`c ‡ Sqdb~tqz ~obqd~ bqd qdn`qcdc az qdctnjkh sod bi`tks~ `f }bq vbltd bkc B]JN qdndjvdc bs sod sjid `f `qjhjkbl ~bld+ ‡ Hbjk/l`~~ jiidcjbsdlz nblntlbsdc t}`k qd}tqnob~d Qd}tqnob~d bs b hbjk Sqdb~tqz ~s`ne ~obqd~ ' `qjhjkbl }bq vbltd* B ] JN ~obqd~ ' `qjhjkbl B]JN vbltd* Nb~o nb~o }bjc* B]JN)S^ }lth* Qd}tqnob~d bs b l`~~ Sqdb~tqz ~s`ne B ] JN Q/D Nb~o
~obqd~ ' `qjhjkbl }bq vbltd* ~obqd~ ' `qjhjkbl B]JN vbltd* }lth* nb~o }bjc*
Kdvdq jknqdb~d Q/D, `klz cdnqdb~d jf kdnd~~bqz ]qd~dks `k A/^ bfsdq n`ii`k ~s`ne
C`kbsdc ~s`ne „ k` nobkhd jk ~s`neo`lcdq~ drtjsz, qdn`qc c`kbsdc ~s`ne bs FIV C`kbsdc S^ B ] JN
^s`ne j~~tdc ba`vd }bq vbltd „ nqdcjs B]JN ^s`ne j~~tdc bs }bq vbltd „ k` B]JN dksqz ^s`ne j~~tdc adl`x }bq „ cdajs B]JN cdnqdb~d*
1
FBQ ) K`sd~ Nob}sdq 8 oss}7//xxx+n}b)nfb+`qh
^s`ne ~ta~nqj}sj`k~ „ n`ksqbnstbl bhqddidks s` ~dll b ~}dnjfjdc ktiadq `f ~obqd~ bs bk bhqddc t}`k }qjnd `k nqdcjs+ ^ta ^ta~nqj ~nqj}s }sj` j`k~ k~ qdnd qdndjv jvba bald ld n`k n`ksq sqbb drt drtjsz* jsz* N`ii`k ~sjne ~ta~nqjadc B]JN ^` k` nobkhd jk drtjsz bnn`tks bn n`tks ^s`ne j~~tdc f`q `ts~jcd ~dqvjnd~ ~o`tlc ad qdn`qcdc b~ sod FIV `f ~s`ne D}dk~d f`q ~dqvjnd~ FIV `f ~s`ne* N/^ }bq* B]JN dnd~~/}lth* ]q`}dqsz cjvjcdkc~ Q/D FIV `f atjlcjkh* Bnnti Cd} Atjlc n`~s Hbjk }lth*
^nqj} cjvjcdkc~ „ ~}dnjbl f`qi `f k`sd~ }bzbald, n`q} }bz~ b cjvjcdkc bs b lbsdq cbsd ) ~ojfs~ fq`i ntqqdks ljbajljsz s` l`kh sdqi ljbajljsz Ljrtjcbsjkh cjvjcdkc~ „ xodk cjvjcdkc~ s` ~obqdo`lcdq~ dnddc Q/D ^s`ne cjvjcdkc „ k` cjvjcdkc jkn`id qd}`qsdc az sod jkvd~s`q ) ^ibll ~s`ne cjvjcdkc ld~~ sobk 1=)14$* ) qdctnd Q/D az sod FIV `f ~s`ne ) Lbqhd ~s`ne cjvjcdkc i`qd sobk 1=)14$* „ qdctnd Q/D az }bq vbltd Q/D FIV `q ]bq* N/^ }bq vbltd* B ] JN }lth* ^s`ne ~}ljs~ „ k` nobkhd jk s`sbl a``e vbltd ) itlsj}lz `ts~sbkcjkh ~obqd~ az 1 bkc cjvjcd }bq vbltd az 1 K`k)n`i}dk~bs`qz ~s`ne `}sj`k~ k`s idbks b~ n`i}dk~bsj`k* ‡ K` GD tksjl `}sj`k~ bqd ddqnj~dc ‡ T}`k ddqnj~d Nb~o . `f ~obqd~ ' `}sj`k }qjnd* N/^ . . `f `f ~o ~obqd~ ' }b }bq vbl vblt td* B]JN } }lth* N`i}dk~bs`qz ~s`ne `}sj`k~ „ ^FB^ 21>Q qdrtjqd~ sobs n`i}dk~bs`qz ~s`ne `}sj`k~ ad vbltdc bs sod fbjq vbltd `f sod `}sj`k~ j~~tdc ‡ Sod n`i}dk~bsj`k d}dk~d, nblntlbsdc `k sod `}sj`k hqbks cbsd j~ bll`nbsdc `vdq sod ~dqvjnd }dqj`c D}jqbsj`k `f ~s`ne `}sj`k~ „ k` nobkhd s` ~s`neo`lcdq~ drtjsz, n`i}dk~bsj`k d}dk~d k`s bffdnsdc B]JN)~s`ne `}sj`k~ B]JN) B]JN) d}jq d}jqdc dc ~s`ne ~s`ne `}sj`k `}sj`k~~ 1 cjffdqdks b}}q`bnod~ s` sqbk~jsj`k s` ^FB^ 21>Q dffdnsjvd cbsd Gtkd 24, 1==4* 2+ I`cjfjdc }q`~}dnsjvd b}}ljnbsj`k „ t~d soj~ idso`c bfsdq sod dffdnsjvd cbsd 1+ I`cjfjdc qdsq`~}dnsjvd b}}ljnbsj`k „ ibz t~d soj~ idso`c s` }dqj`c~ adf`qd sod dffdnsjvd cbsd
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FBQ ) K`sd~ Nob}sdq 8 oss}7//xxx+n}b)nfb+`qh
^s`ne b}}qdnjbsj`k qjhos~ ^BQ^* ‡ Jkndksjvd xodqd `ffjndq~ bqd hjvdk nb~o jf sod ~s`ne jknqdb~d~ ba`vd b otqcld }qjnd ‡ Dnd~~ `vdq sod otqcld qbsd ' . `f ~s`ne b}}qdnjbsj`k qjhos~ 9 n`i}dk~bsj`k d}dk~d s` n`q}`qbsj`k ‡ It~s ad bcgt~sdc bkktbllz, nobkhd jk d~sjibsd ~` }q`~}dnsjvd Dbi}ld F8)14
Dbqkjkh~ ]dq ^obqd ‡ ‡
FB^A 21? qdrtjqd~ bll }taljn dksjsjd~ s` }qd~dks D]^ `k sod fbnd `f sod jkn`id ~sbsdidks N`i}bkjd~ xjso n`i}ld nb}jsbl ~sqtnstqd~ ob~ n`kvdqsjald ~dntqjsjd~* it~s }qd~dks ab~jn bkc cjltsjvd D]^
Ab~jn D]^ 9 KJ „ }qdfdqqdc cjvjcdkc~* ø xdjhosdc bvdqbhd ktiadq `f n`ii`k ~obqd~ `ts~sbkcjkh Xdjhosdc bvh . `f N/^ `ts~sbkcjkh 9 ~obqd~ `ts~sbkcjkh adh % ~obqd~ ~`lc „ ~obqd~ qdbnrtjqdc % ~s`ne cjv bkc ~s`ne ~}ljs~ „ qdvdq~d ~s`ne ~}ljs~ ) i`kso~ sjll kds j~~tbknd `q zdbq dkc bqd sod ktidqbs`q jk sod jkjsjbl f`qitlb ^s`ne cjvjcdkc~ bkc ~s`ne ~}ljs~ it~s ad sqdbsdc b~ so`tho sodz `nntqqdc bs sod adhjkkjkh `f sod }dqj`c
Cjltsdc D]^ 9 KJ % jksdqd~s `k cjltsjvd ~dntqjsjd~ ' 2) sb qbsd* ø xdjhosdc bvh . `f N/^ `ts~sbkcjkh b~~tijkh cjltsjvd ~dntqjsjd~ bqd n`kvdqsdc Cjltsj`k fq`i `}sj`k~, xbqqbks~ bkc sodjq drtjvbldks~ Sqdb~tqz ~s`ne idso`c „ }q`nddc~ fq`i sod ddqnj~d `f cjltsjvd ~dntqjsjd~ xjll ad t~dc s` qd}tqnob~d sqdb~tqz ~s`ne bs sod }qdvbjljkh ibqeds }qjnd+ @}sj`k~ bkc `sodq ~jijlbq jk~sqtidks~ bqd `klz cjltsjvd xodk sodz bqd jk sod i`kdz F`q `}sj`k~ bkc `sodq ~jijlbq jk~sqtidks~ Bccjsj`kbl ~obqd~ `ts~sbkcjkh 9 ktiadq `f ~obqd~ „ ktiadq `f ~obqd~ ' ddqnj~d }qjnd* ø bvh ibqeds }qjnd*
Cjltsj`k fq`i a`kc~ `q }qdfdqqdc ~s`ne Sod “jf)n`kvdqsdc’ idso`c „ b~~tid~ sobs sod ~dntqjsjd~ xdqd n`kvdqsdc s` n`ii`k ~s`ne bs sod adhjkkjkh `f sod }dqj`c F`q n`kvdqsjald a`kc~ ‡ Bcc jksdqd~s d}dk~d, kds `f sb, s` sod ktidqbs`q js jknqdb~d~ sod jkn`id bvbjlbald s` ~s`neo`lcdq~* ‡ Bcc cjltsjvd dffdns s` cdk`ijkbs`q @klz ~o`x cjltsdc D]^ jf js j~ bnstbllz cjltsjvd+ Sodqdf`qd, jf js~ bksj)cjltsjvd c`/~o`x k`sojkh F`q n`kvdqsjald }qdfdqqdc ~s`ne ‡ Bcc b~~`njbsdc }qdfdqqdc cjvjcdkc~ s` sod ktidqbs`q js jknqdb~d~ sod jkn`id bvbjlbald s` ~s`neo`lcdq~* ‡ Bcc cjltsjvd dffdns s` cdk`ijkbs`q Nb~o fl`x }dq ~obqd ~o`tlc k`s ad qd}`qsdc
^sbsdidks `f Nb~o Fl`x~ Sod }tq}`~d `f sod ~sbsdidks `f nb~o fl`x~ j~ s` }q`vjcd jkf` ba`ts sod ~`tqnd~ `f nb~o bkc t~d~ `f nb~o ) @}dqbsjkh ) Jkvd~sjkh ) Fjkbknjkh Qdhbqcld~~ `f sod idso`c, }qd~dks sod jkvd~sjkh bkc fjkbknjkh ~dnsj`k sod ~bid 3
FBQ ) K`sd~ Nob}sdq 8 oss}7//xxx+n}b)nfb+`qh
Cjqdns idso`c qdrtjqdc cj~nl`~tqd~ ) Qd}`qs~ `}dqbsjkh nb~o fl`x~ az ibg`q nlb~~d~+ ) B qdn`knjljbsj`k `f kds jkn`id s` kds nb~o fl`x fq`i `}dqbsj`k~+ ) Sod bi`tks `f jkn`id sbd~ }bjc+ Jkcjqdns idso`c „ bcgt~s KJ s` qdn`knjld js s` kds nb~o fl`x~ fq`i `}dqbsjkh bnsjvjsjd~ Nb~o qdndjvdc fq`i nt~s`idq~ 9 nb~o ~bld~ % S bnn`tks F8)>?* Nb~o }bjc s` ~t}}ljdq~ 9 1 ~sd}~ ^sd} 27 Adh jkvdks`qz % }tqnob~d~, nb~o }bjc „ N@H^ 9 Dkcjkh jkvdks`qz ^sd} 17 Adh B/] % nqdcjs }tqnob~d~ „ nb~o }bjc 9 dkc B/]
Cjqdns idso`c „ f`nt~d~ }qdc`ijkbsdlz `k x`qejkh nb}jsbl NB bkc NL* Nbsdh`qjd~ s` qd}`qs ~d}bqbsdlz7 Jkfl`x~ jknqdb~d nb~o* ‡ Nb~o qdndjvdc, jksdqd~s qdndjvdc, cjv qdndjvdc Ucjv }bjc j~ fjkbknjkhY, nb~o `k ~bld~ `f sqbcjkh ~dntqjsjd~ Ubll `sodq ~dntqjsjd~ bqd jkvd~sjkhY @tsfl`x~ cdnqdb~d nb~o* ‡ Nb~o }bjc s` ~t}}ljdq~ bkc di}l`zdd~, jksdqd~s }bjc U}bzjkh }qjknj}bl j~ b fjkbknjkhY, jkn`id sbd~ }bjc Untqqdks `f cdfdqqdcY, nb~o }bjc s` atz sqbcjkh ~dntqjsjd~, `sodq `}dqbsjkh nb~o }bzidks~ Uqdks, tsjljsjd~, jk~tqbkndY
Jkcjqdns idso`c „ qdn`knjljbsj`k CBBLHTCJ Kds jkn`id }dq J/^ % cd}qdnjbsj`k bkc bi`qsjwbsj`k ) bi`qsjwbsj`k `f }qdijti~ % bi`qsjwbsj`k `f cj~n`tks~/h``cxjll % l`~~d~ `k ~bld `f k`k)ntqqdks b~~ds~ ]]D/LS jkvd~sidks~* ) hbjk~ `k ~bld `f k`k)ntqqdks b~~ds~ ) tkcj~sqjatsdc dbqkjkh~ fq`i bffjljbsd drtjsz idso`c* % cdnqdb~d jk ntqqdks b~~ds~ `q „ jknqdb~d jk NB* % jknqdb~d jk NL `q „ cdnqdb~d jk NL* 9 nb~o fl`x fq`i `}dqbsj`k~ Nb~o }q`nddc~ fq`i ~bld~ `f k`k ntqqdks b~~ds~ j~ jkvd~sjkh jkfl`x U^dlljkh }qjnd „ KAV un`~s „ bnnti cd}* 9 h/lY Jkvd~sjkh ~dnsj`k ‡ ^bld `q ]tqnob~d `f K`k)ntqqdks b~~ds~, kds bnnti cd}5 jf xd atz sodk js‚~ b nb~o `tsfl`x5 ~dll js‚~ b nb~o jkfl`x ‡ Ibejkh l`bk~ s` `sodq dksjsjd~5 `tsfl`x ‡ ]tqnob~jkh bvbjl f`q ~bld `q odlc s` ibs ~dntqjsjd~5 `tsfl`x Fjkbknjkh ~dnsj`k ‡ ]bzjkh }qjknj}bl `k k`sd~, a`kc~, i`qshbhd~5 `tsfl`x ‡ Z`tq `xk ~s`ne ‡ ]bzjkh cjvjcdkc~
4
FBQ ) K`sd~ Nob}sdq 8 oss}7//xxx+n}b)nfb+`qh
Ibsdqjbl k`k)nb~o jkvd~sjkh bkc fjkbknjkh bnsjvjsjd~ qdrtjqd ~t}}ldidksbl cj~nl`~tqd Adhjk abl a`kc }bzbald % j~~tbknd `f a`kc~ ) qdcdi}sj`k `f a`kc~ }bzbald 9 Dkcjkh abl a`kc }bzbald
6
