Notes Chapter 9 FAR

IEP / Jcrf{ Kme|rfp 8 mrr|7##~~~*k|e/kie*cpn

Ncyfpjofjred Ekkcvjrhjn \epr @ C|fperhcjed ekkcvjre`hdhrx ‛ ncyfpjofjr ~hbf I#[ me{ ofr hr{ c`gfkrhyf{ fiihkhfjrdx ejb fiifkrhyfdx Ih{ked ekkcvjrhjn e`hdhrx ‛ ivjb I#[ bfocj{rperf rmer rmf ncyr‘{ fjrhrx‘{ ekrhcj{ meyf `ffj pf{|cj{h`df Ov{r pfkcjkhdf ivjb I#[ rc ncy‘r ~hbf I#[ Pfuvhpfb hj I#[ † OB)E -pfuvhpfb {v||dfofjred hjicpoerhcj † Ncyr ~hbf I#[ / [rerfofjr ci jfr e{{fr{ / [rerfofjr ci ekrhyhrhf{ † Ivjb I#[ / Ncyfpjofjred ivjb{ -NPe[\\( e* @edejkf [mffr  `* [rerfofjr ci pfyfjvf{$ f}|fjbhrvpf{$ ejb kmejnf{ hj ivjb `edejkf{ / \pc|phfrepx ivjb{ -[F( e* [rerfofjr ci jfr e{{fr{  `* [rerfofjr ci pfyfjvf{$ f}|fj{f{ ejb kmejnf{ hj ivjb jfr e{{fr{ k* [rerfofjr ci ke{m idc~{ / Ihbvkhepx ivjb{ -\E\H( e* [rerfofjr ci ihbvkhepx jfr e{{fr{  `* [rerfofjr ci kmejnf{ hj ihbvkhepx jfr e{{fr{ †  Jcrf{ rc I#[ † Pfuvhpfb {v||dfofjrepx hjicpoerhcj C|rhcjed hjicpoerhcj † Kco|pfmfj{hyf Ejjved Ihjejkhed Pf|cpr -KEIP( / Hjrpcbvkrcpx {fkrhcj -vjevbhrfb( / @e{hk I#[ ejb pfuvhpfb {v||dfofjrepx hjicpoerhcj -evbhrfb( / [rerh{rhked {fkrhcj \phoepx ncyfpjofjr fjrhrhf{ † [rerf ncyfpjofjr{ † Nfjfped |vp|c{f dcked ncyfpjofjr{ -khrx cp e kcvjrx( † [|fkhed |vp|c{f dcked ncyfpjofjr{ -mc{|hred cp {kmccd bh{rphkr( me{ rc offr rmf ; kphrfphe7 [F [f|eperfdx fdfkrfb ncyfpjhjn `cbx D Dfneddx {f|eperf I Ih{keddx hjbf|fjbfjr ci crmfp {rerf ejb dcked ncyfpjofjr{

Kco|cjfjr vjhr  ‛ vjhr ci |phoepx ncyr rmer h{ e dfneddx {f|eperf cpnejhwerhcj1 fdfkrfb ciihkhed{ ci rmf |phoepx ncyfpjofjr epf ihjejkheddx ekkcvjre`df  @dfjbfb |pf{fjrerhcj ‛ v{fb hj fhrmfp ci rmf icddc~hjn {hrverhcj{ / E `cepb ci rmf kco|cjfjr vjhr h{ {v`{rejrhyfdx rmf {eof e{ rmer ci rmf |phoepx ncyfpjofjr / Kco|cjfjr vjhr edoc{r f}kdv{hyfdx {fpyf{ rmf |phoepx ncyfpjofjr ^mfj rmf kphrfphe icp e `dfjbfb |pf{fjrerhcj me{ jcr `ffj ofr$ rmfj e bh{kpfrf |pf{fjrerhcj h{ v{fb

 Bh{kpfrf |pf{fjrerhcj ‛ {f|eperf |pf{fjrerhcj$ oc{r kcoocj

Oejenfofjr{ Bh{kv{{hcj ) Ejedx{h{ -OB)E( † Pfuvhpfb {v||dfofjrepx hjicpoerhcj 5

IEP / Jcrf{ Kme|rfp 8 mrr|7##~~~*k|e/kie*cpn

 Jc pfkcjkhdherhcj ci ivjb I#[ rc rmf Ncy‘r ~hbf I#[ † Bf{kph|rhcj ci rmf I#[ / fe{hdx pfebe`df ejedx{h{ / kcjbfj{fb I#[ hjicpoerhcj / ejedx{h{ ci cyfpedd ihjejkhed |c{hrhcj hjkdvbhjn pfe{cj{ icp kmejnf{ ipco rmf |phcp xfep  / ejedx{h{ ci `edejkf{ ejb rpej{ekrhcj ci hjbhyhbved ivjb{ ejb dhohrerhcj{ cj ivrvpf v{f{ ci ivjb{ / ejedx{h{ ci {hnjhihkejr yepherhcj{ `fr~ffj cphnhjed ejb ihjed `vbnfr † Rmf hbfjrhrx ci rmf |phoepx ncyfpjofjr ejb bh{kpfrf kco|cjfjr vjhr{ † Fkcjcohk kcjbhrhcj{ ejb cvrdcca  † Oegcp hjhrherhyf{ †

Ncyfpjofjr ~hbf I#[  † [rerfofjr ci jfr e{{fr{ † [rerfofjr ci ekrhyhrhf{ [rerfofjr ci jfr e{{fr{ -I8/8(  Jfr e{{fr{ ? e{{fr{ ‛ dhe`hdhrhf{  Jfr e{{fr{ h{ kco|c{f{ ci ; kco|cjfjr{ / vjpf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{ / pf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{ / hjyf{rfb ke|hred$ jfr ci pfderfb bf`r Hjipe{rpvkrvpf e{{fr{ ‛ {rpffr{$ `phbnf{$ nvrrfp{ ejb crmfp ncyr e{{fr{ / pf|cprfb cjdx cj rmf ncyr ~hbf I#[ 0 bf|pfkherhcj e||pcekmf{ † Pfuvhpfb e||pcekm ‛ bf|pfkherhcj f}|fj{f {|fkhihkeddx hbfjrhihfb ~hrm e ivjkrhcjed kerfncpx {mcvdb `f hjkdvbfb hj rmf bhpfkr f}|fj{f{ ci rmer ivjkrhcj † Ocbhihfb e||pcekm ‛ hjipe{rpvkrvpf e{{fr{ epf jcr pfuvhpfb rc `f bf|pfkherf hi r~c 0 pfuvhpfofjr{ epf ofr7 -vjbfp rmh{ e||pcekm hjipe{rpvkrvpf f}|fjbhrvpf{ epf pf|cprfb e{ f}|fj{f{$ vjdf{{ rmf cvrdex{ epf ebbhrhcj{ cp  ho|pcyfofjr{ hj ~mhkm ke{f rmfx ~cvdb `f ke|hredhwfb 5* Ncy‘r e{{fr{ onor {x{rfo aff|{ v|/rc/berf hjic cj eocvjr$ kcjbhrhcj ejb oeaf xfepdx f{rhoerf{ cj oehjrfjejkf rc |pf{fpyf rmf e{{fr{ 0* Meyf Meyf bckvo bckvofjr fjrerhc erhcj j rc |pcy |pcyff jvo`f jvo`fpp 5 Ekkcvjrhjn kmejnf{ -kmejnf{ hj f{rhoerf( Nchjn ipco pfuvhpfb rc ocbhihfb -yh{e yfp{e( bf|pfkherhcj ofrmcb Ho|ehpofjr bfrfpohjerhcj Ncy‘r {mcvdb ke|hredhwf epr~cpa ejb mh{rcphked rpfe{vpf{ er mh{rcphked kc{r cp iehp yedvf er bcjerhcj berf Ncy‘r {mcvdb ke|hredhwf `vr h{ jcr pfuvhpfb rc ~mfj rmf kcddfkrhcj offr{ rmf icddc~hjn kphrfphe / kcddfkrhcj h{ mfdb icp |v`dhk f}mh`hrhcj / kcddfkrhcj h{ |pcrfkrfb / |pckffb{ ipco {edf{ ci kcddfkrhcj epf v{fb rc ekuvhpf crmfp hrfo{ icp rmf kcddfkrhcj

[rerfofjr ci ekrhyhrhf{ V{f ivdd ekkpved  Jfr pfyfjvf ejb f}|fj{f icp fekm ivjkrhcj cp |pcnpeo h{ kde{{hihfb hjrc ; kerfncphf{ † \phoepx ncy‘r ncyfpjofjred ekrhyhrhf{ ‛ NPe[\\ ! [ † \phoepx ncy‘r `v{hjf{{ rx|f ekrhyhrhf{ / F † Kco|cjfjr vjhr{ ‛ pf{kvf {uveb cp `cepb ci fbvkerhcj 0

IEP / Jcrf{ Kme|rfp 8 mrr|7##~~~*k|e/kie*cpn

Kerfncpx Rx|f{ [ Kmepnf{ icp {fpyhkf{ / kmepnf{ icp {fpyhkf{ rc kv{rcofp{ cp e||dhkejr{ ~mc bhpfkrdx `fjfihr ipco nccb{ cp {fpyhkf{ / kmepnf{ icp {fpyhkf{ rc crmfp ncyfpjofjr{ / ihjf{ ejb icpifhrvpf{ C

C |fperhjn

K

Ke|hred

[CK

npejr{ ejb kcjrph`vrhcj{ ‛ pf{rphkrfb icp v{f hj e |eprhkvdep |pcnpeo

npejr{ ejb kcjrph`vrhcj{ / pf{rphkrfb icp v{f hj e |eprhkvdep |pcnpeo

rmf{f pfyfjvf {cvpkf{ e~ex

Ekrhyhrx pf{vdrhjn ipco hjrfpjed {fpyhkf ivjb{ {mcvdb `f pf|cprfb hj rmf ncyfpjofjred ekrhyhrhf{ kcdvoj vjdf{{ rmf ncyfpjofjr‘{ fjrfp|ph{f ivjb{ epf rmf |phoepx pfkh|hfjr ci hjrfpjed {fpyhkf ivjb {fpyhkf{

 I8/5= {rerfofjr ci ekrhyhrhf{$ bc H jffb rc ajc~ rmf dexcvr   Ivjb Ihjejkhed [rerfofjr{ Rc `f kcj{hbfpfb e oegcp ivjb rmer pfuvhpf{ pf|cprhjn ov{r offr -`crm( 0 kphrfphe7 5* Ivjb ov{r kco|ph{f 5<& ci rcred pfyfjvf{$ f}|fjbhrvpf{$ e{{fr{ cp dhe`hdhrhf{ ci  / edd ncyfpjofjr ivjb{ cp fjrfp|ph{f ivjb{ -rmf {f|eperf kcdvoj{( 0* Ivjb ov{r kco|ph{f 6& ci pfyfjvf{$ f}|fjbhrvpf{$ e{{fr{ cp dhe`hdhrhf{ / edd ncyfpjofjr ivjb ejb edd fjrfp|ph{f ivjb{ -rmf rcred kcdvoj{( ^mfj bfrfpohjhjn h{ e ivjb uvedhihf{ e{ e oegcp ivjb$ pfofo`fp rmer ennpfnerf ivjb `edejkf# fuvhrx -jfr e{{fr{( h{ jcr v{fb hj fhrmfp rf{r Rmf ncyr ~hbf I#[ ov{r pfkcjkhdf7 † Rmf bhiifpfjkf{ hj rmf ivjb `edejkf{ ci ncyfpjofjred ivjb{ ejb jfr e{{fr{ hj rmf ncyr ~hbf I#[ † Rmf bhiifpfjkf{ hj jfr kmejnf hj ivjb `edejkf{ ci ncyfpjofjred ivjb{ ejb rmf kmejnf hj jfr e{{fr{ icp  ncyfpjofjred ekrhyhrhf{ Rc |pf|epf rmf pfkcjkhdherhcj v{f rmf icddc~hjn ojfocjhk  @#[ ‛ NED[ @EPF N NPe[\\ ivjb `edejkf E{{fr{ -jcj/kvppfjr( !E /D Dhe`hdhrhf{ -jcj/kvppfjr( ![ Hjrfpjed {fpyhkf ivjb jfr e{{fr{ Ebgv{rofjr{ @ @e{h{ ci ekkcvjrhjn E Ekkpvfb fyfjvf{ P P fyfjvf{ F F}|fj{f{

[rerfofjr ci pfyfjvf{$ f}|fjbhrvpf{ ejb kmejnf{ hj ivjb `edejkf  ‛ NCF[ @EPF N NPe[\\ jfr kmejnf hj ivjb `edejkf /C Crmfp ihjejkhjn {cvpkf{ F}|fjbhrvpf ‛ ke|hred cvrdex -jfr ci bf|pfkherhcj( !F ![ Hjrfpjed {fpyhkf ivjb jfr hjkcof Ebgv{rofjr{ @ @e{h{ ci ekkcvjrhjn E Ebbhrhcjed Ekkpvfb ;

IEP / Jcrf{ Kme|rfp 8 mrr|7##~~~*k|e/kie*cpn P

fyfjvf{ P fyfjvf{

F

F}|fj{f{

[rerfofjr ci Ke{m Idc~{ † [hohdep rc jcpoed {rerfofjr ci ke{m idc~{ f}kf|r 9 bhiifpfjkf{7 5* Bhpfkr ofrmcb ofrmcb h{ pfuvhpfb pfuvhpfb -hjbhpfk -hjbhpfkrr ofrmcb ofrmcb jcr eddc~fb( eddc~fb( 0* Pfkcjkhdf Pfkcjkhdf c|fperhjn c|fperhjn hjkcof hjkcof -jcr JH( JH( rc jfr jfr ke{m |pcyhbfb |pcyhbfb `x c|fperhcj{ c|fperhcj{ ;* Ihjejkhjn Ihjejkhjn {fkrhcj {fkrhcj h{ {|dhr hjrc 0 {fkrhcj{ {fkrhcj{ -{c 2 hj rcred( rcred( / Ke|hred ejb pfderfb ihjejkhjn ekrhyhrhf{ / Jcj/ke|hred ihjejkhed ekrhyhrhf{ 2* Hjrfpf{r hjkcof ejb ke{m pfkfh|r{ epf pf|cprfb epf hjyf{rhjn ekrhyhrhf{ -jcr c|fperhjn( 6* Hjrfpf{r f}|fj{f#ke{m |exofjr{ epf hjkdvbhjn hj cjf ci rmf ihjejkhjn {fkrhcj{ 9* Ke|hred e{{fr{ |vpkme{f{ epf pf|cprhjn hj ke|hred ihjejkhjn ekrhyhrhf{ -jcr hjyf{rhjn(  Jcrf{ rc I#[  † Epf kcj{hbfpfb hjrfnped rc rmf I#[ † Bh{kdc{vpf{ {mcvdb hjkdvbf / bf{kph|rhcj ci ncy‘r ~hbf ekrhyhrhf{ jcrhjn rmf f}kdv{hcj ci ihbvkhepx ivjb{ -\E\H( / |cdhkhf{ pfderhjn rc fdhohjerhcj ci hjrfpjed ekrhyhrx / bf{kph|rhcj ci rmf ocbhihfb e||pcekm icp pf|cprhjn hjipe{rpvkrvpf hi v{fb / dfjnrm ci rhof bfihjfb icp —eyehde`df‟ hj pfyfjvf pfkcnjhrhcj vjbfp ocbhihfb ekkpved -v{veddx 9< bex{( / ekrhcj{ reafj rc kcppfkr oerfphed jcj/kco|dhejkf ~hrm ihjejkf pfderfb cp dfned kco|dhejkf  Pfuvhpfb [v||dfofjrepx Hjicpoerhcj -crmfp rmej OB)E( Hjkdvbf{7 `vbnfr$ hjipe{rpvkrvpf ejb |fj{hcj hjicpoerhcj † @vbnfrepx kco|eph{cj{ rmer {mc~ rmf cphnhjed `vbnfr$ rmf ihjed eofjbfb `vbnfr ejb rmf ekrved eocvjr{ † Kco|vrerhcj ci yephejkf{ h{ c|rhcjed † @vbnfrepx kco|eph{cj oex v{f fhrmfp NEE\ cp `vbnfrepx icpoer{ cp `e{h{ ci ekkcvjrhjn$ `vr ov{r hjkdvbf e pfkcjkhdherhcj rc NEE\ † I#[ |pf|epfb hj ekkcpbejkf ~hrm rmf |pcyh{hcj{ ci NE[@ ;2 † †

†

E{{f{ kcjbhrhcj ci hjipe{rpvkrvpf F{rhoerfb ejjved eocvjr rc oehjrehj ejb |pf{fpyf hjipe{rpvkrvpf icp fekm ci rmf |e{r 6 xfep{ \pf{fjrerhcj ci 9 xfep{ ci |fj{hcj hjicpoerhcj / {kmfbvdf ci ivjbhjn |pcnpf{{ / {kmfbvdf ci fo|dcxfp kcjrph`vrhcj{

Crmfp [v||dfofjrepx Hjicpoerhcj -c|rhcjed( † Kco`hjhjn {rerfofjr{ icp jcj/oegcp ivjb{ Hjrfpivjb ekrhyhrx ‛ pf|pf{fjr{ rmf idc~ ci pf{cvpkf{ `fr~ffj ivjb{ ejb `fr~ffj |phoepx ncyfpjofjred ejb hr{ kco|cjfjr vjhr{ Pfkh|pcked hjrfpivjb ekrhyhrx / Hjrfpivjb dcej{ ‛ rfo|cpepx f}rfj{hcj{ ci kpfbhr rc crmfp ivjb{ / Hjrfpivjb {fpyhkf{ |pcyhbfb ejb v{fb †  Jcj/pfkh|pcked hjrfpivjb ekrhyhrx / Hjrfpivjb rpej{ifp{ / Hjrfpivjb pfho`vp{fofjr{ †

2

IEP / Jcrf{ Kme|rfp 8 mrr|7##~~~*k|e/kie*cpn

Hjrfpivjb ekrhyhrhf{ {mcvdb cjdx pf|cprfb `fr~ffj rmf |phoepx ncyfpjofjr ejb hr{ ihbvkhepx ivjb Icp edd crmfp pfderhcj{mh|{$ fdhohjerf hjrfpivjb ekrhyhrhf{

 Jcr/Icp/\pcihr Cpnejhwerhcj{ † †

V{f IE[@ jcr NE[@ -[IE[ 55>($ {c v{f ivdd i vdd ekkpved Cyfpedd fo|me{h{ h{ cj `e{hk hjicpoerhcj icp rmf cpnejhwerhcj e{ e ~mcdf

Pfuvhpfb I#[ † [rerfofjr ci ihjejkhed |c{hrhcj -@#[( † [rerfofjr ci ekrhyhrhf{ -H#[( † [rerfofjr ci ke{m idc~{ † [rerfofjr ci ivjkrhcjed f}|fj{f{ -pfuvhpfb icp mfedrm ejb ~fdiepf cpnejhwerhcj{(

[rerfofjr ci ihjejkhed |c{hrhcj -@#[(  Jfr e{{fr{ ‛ jcr icp |pcihr{ |vr rmfhp jfr e{{fr{ hjrc rmf{f kerfncphf{ † Vjpf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{ / hjrfpjeddx `cepb bf{hnjerfb ivjb{ epf kcj{hbfpfb vjpf{rphkrfb †

Rfo|cpephdx pf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{ ‛ bcjcp ho|c{fb {rh|vderhcj{ fhrmfp f}|hpf ~hrm rhof cp `x ej ekrhcj ci  rmf cpnejhwerhcj

†

\fpoejfjrdx pf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{

Rmf{f epf bhiifpfjr rmfj rmf ncyfpjofjred jfr e{{fr kerfncphf{ / Hjyf{rfb / Pf{rphkrfb / Vjpf{rphkrfb

[rerfofjr ci ekrhyhrhf{ -H#[( Icvp fdfofjr{ |pf{fjrfb hj {rerfofjr ci ekrhyhrhf{ † Kmejnf hj rcred jfr e{{fr{ † Kmejnf hj vjpf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{ † Kmejnf hj rfo|cpephdx pf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{ † Kmejnf hj |fpoejfjrdx pf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{ Kcjrph`vrhcj{ ~hrm bcjcp ho|c{fb pf{rphkrhcj{ epf pfkcpbfb e{ pf{rphkrfb pfyfjvf ~mfj pfkfhyfb ejb hjkpfe{f fhrmfp rfo|cpephdx cp |fpoejfjrdx pf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{ \dfbnf pfkfhye`df }} Eddc~ejkf icp icp bc bcv`rivd ekk ekkc cvjr{ }} Pf{rphkrfb pfyfjvf }} ^mfj rmf pf{rphkrhcj h{ {erh{ihf{$ pfkde{{hix rmf e{{fr Vjpf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{ }} Pf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{ }} Rmfj ~mfj v{fb C|fperhjn f}|fj{f }} Vjpf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{ }} Hi bcjcp ho|c{fb pf{rphkrhcj{ epf ofr hj rmf {eof |fphcb rmfx epf pfkfhyfb rmfx oex `f pfkcpbfb e{ vjpf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{ e{ dcjn e{ rmf cpnejhwerhcj bh{kdc{f{ hr F}|fj{f{ epf pf|cprfb e{ bfkpfe{fb hj vjpf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{* ; kerfncphf{ 5* \pcn \pcnpe peo o {fpy {fpyhk hkf{ f{ 6

IEP / Jcrf{ Kme|rfp 8 mrr|7##~~~*k|e/kie*cpn

0* [v|| [v||cp cprr {fpy {fpyhk hkf{ f{ ;* Kco` Kco`hj hjfb fb kc kc{r{ {r{

[rerfofjr ci ke{m idc~{ † Kej v{f fhrmfp bhpfkr cp hjbhpfkr ofrmcb C|fperhjn ekrhyhrx ‛ npc{{ pfkfh|r{ -kcjrph`vrhcj{$ |pcnpeo hjkcof$ hjrfpf{r ejb bhyhbfjb hjkcof($ `cepb bf{hnjerfb vjpf{rphkrfb pfyfjvf icp kcj{rpvkrhcj cp |vpkme{f ci DR e{{fr epf c|fperhjn Ihjejkhjn ekrhyhrx ‛ ke{m rpej{ekrhcj{ pfderfb rc `cppc~hjn$ hjkpfe{f{ rc ej fjbc~ofjr$ |vpkme{f{ ci e{{fr{ cp  ejjvhrx enpffofjr{ Hjyf{rhjn ekrhyhrhf{ ‛ {edf cp |vpkme{f ci epr$ hjyf{rofjr hj fuvh|ofjr F}kdvbf bcjcp pf{rphkrfb {fkvphrhf{ rmer oex crmfp~h{f offr rmf ke{m fuvhyedfjr bfihjhrhcj hj kcoofpkhed ekkrn

[rerfofjr ci ivjkrhcjed f}|fj{f{ -pfuvhpfb icp mfedrm ejb ~fdiepf cpnejhwerhcj{( ; oehj ivjkrhcjed kde{{hihkerhcj{ 5* \pcnpeo {v||cpr f}|fj{f{ 0* Ivjb peh{hjn f}|fj{f{ ‛ vj{cdhkhrfb ofpkmejbh{f nhyfj cvr( ;* Oejenfofjr ejb nfjfped Pf{cvpkf hjidc~{ hj jcr/icp/|pcihr cpnejhwerhcj{ epf nfjfpeddx kde{{hihfb hj rmf I#[ e{ pfyfjvf cp crmfp {v||cpr Pfyfjvf{ rx|hkeddx pf|pf{fjr f}kmejnf rpej{ekrhcj{ hj ~mhkm rmf jcr/icp/|pcihr cpnejhwerhcj fepjf{ pf{cvpkf{ hj f}kmejnf icp e {fpyhkf |fpicpofb Crmfp {v||cpr rx|hkeddx pf|pf{fjr{ c|fperhjn hjkcof rmer h{ bcjerfb -kcjrph`vrfb( e{ |epr ci rmf kfjrped cjnchjn ekrhyhrhf{ ci rmf cpnejhwerhcj Ke{m kcjrph`vrhcj{ pfkfhyfb epf pfkcnjhwfb e{ pfyfjvf Vjkcjbhrhcjed |pcoh{f{#|dfbnf{ epf pfkcnjhwfb e{ pfyfjvf Kcjbhrhcjed |pcoh{f{#|dfbnf{ epf pfkcnjhwfb e{ pfyfjvf ~mfj hr{ fepjfb -kcjbhrhcj{ epf {v`{rejrheddx ofr( Ovdrhxfep |dfbnf{ ‛ kvppfjr eocvjr kcddfkrfb h{ kcjrph`vrhcj pfyfjvf$ rmf \Y ci ivrvpf kcddfkrhcj{ epf rfo|cpephdx pf{rphkrfb pfyfjvf{ Eddc~ejkf icp vjkcddfkrh`df |dfbnf{ ‛ jfr pfedhwe`df yedvf [|dhr hjrfpf{r enpffofjr{ epf {mepf{ ~hrm crmfp `fjfihkhephf{ / ofe{vpfb er iehp yedvf / bh{|dexfb e{ rfo|cpephdx pf{rphkrfb Bcjerfb {fpyhkf{ {mcvdb `f pfkcpbfb er iehp yedvf ejb ov{r offr rmf icddc~hjn kphrfphe [ [ |fkhedhwfb {ahdd{ pfuvhpfb ejb |c{{f{{fb `x rmf bcjcp  C Crmfp~h{f jffbfb `x rmf cpnejhwerhcj O Ofe{vpe`df F Fe{x rc bfrfpohjf iehp yedvf( F}|fj{f cp e{{fr }} Kcjrph`vrhcj ‛ jcj c|fperhjn pfyfjvf

}} 9

IEP / Jcrf{ Kme|rfp 8 mrr|7##~~~*k|e/kie*cpn

Ycdvjrffp{ ~mc {cdhkhr epf kde{{hihfb e{ ivjb peh{hjn f}|fj{f{ pfnepbdf{{ hi rmfx offr rmf [COF kphrfphe Bcjerfb kcddfkrhcj hrfo{ epf epr~cpa ejb mh{rcphked rpfe{vpf{* Rmfx epf jcr pfuvhpfb rc `f pfkcpbfb h{ rmfx offr edd rmf icddc~hjn kphrfphe / kcddfkrhcj h{ mfdb icp |v`dhk f}mh`hrhcj / kcddfkrhcj h{ |pcrfkrfb / |pckffb{ ipco {edf{ ci kcddfkrhcj epf v{fb rc ekuvhpf crmfp hrfo{ icp rmf kcddfkrhcj Pfkcpb bcjerfb oerfphed{ er iehp yedvf Nhir{ hj ahjb ‛ jcj ke{m kcjrph`vrhcj{$ ofe{vpfb er iehp oepafr yedvf

 Enfjkx rpej{ekrhcj ‛ rmf cpnejhwerhcj me{ dhrrdf cp jcr bh{kpfrhcj -yephejkf |c~fp( cyfp rmf ivjb{ -cpnejhwerhcj  `e{hkeddx ekr{ dhaf ej enfjr* / bh{|dexfb hj dhe`hdhrhf{ -jcr pf{rphkrfb pfyfjvf{( Pfkh|pcked rpej{ifp{ ‛ fekm |eprx pfkfhyf{ ejb {ekphihkf{ {cofrmhjn ci e||pc}hoerfdx {eof yedvf h{ rfpofb ej f}kmejnf rpej{ekrhcj Kc{r ci |pfohvo{ -kedfjbep{$ kciiff ovn{( nhyfj rc |crfjrhed bcjcp{ e{ |epr ci ivjbpeh{hjn h{ kde{{hihfb e{ ivjb peh{hjn f}|fj{f ^mfj bcjcp{ |vpkme{f nccb{ icp e |pfohvo -kev{f rmfx ajc~ hr ncf{ rc e nccb kev{f( rmfx bhiifpfjkf `fr~ffj rmf |pfohvo ejb rmf |pcbvkr iehp yedvf h{ kde{{hihfb e{ e kcjrph`vrhcj  Jcj/icp |pcihr me{ jc yephejkf |c~fp ‛ ekr{ dhaf ej enfjr E{{fr }} Pfivjbe`df ebyejkf }} -dhe`hdhrx( Npejrfb yephejkf |c~fp ‛ ekr{ dhaf ej enfjr `vr me{ {cof |c~fp$ e{{fr{ pfkcnjhwfb e{ kcjrph`vrhcj pfyfjvf E{{fr }} Kcjrph`vrhcj pfyfjvf }} @fjfihkhephf{ ci rmf e{{fr{ ^mfj ihjejkheddx hjrfppfderfb ‛ fuvhrx Hjrf Hjrfpf pf{r {r hj jfr jfr e{{ e{{fr fr{{ }} Fuvhrx rpej{ekrhcj }} -{rerfofjr ci ekrhyhrhf{( Pfkcnjhwfb `fjfihkhed hjrfpf{r ‛ |ccd{ ci e{{fr{ ‛ pfyfjvf @fjfihkhed hjrfpf{r }} Kcjrph Kcjrph`vr `vrhcj hcj pfyfjv pfyfjvff }} Pfkcnjhwfb pfkfhye`df ‛ pfyfjvf Pfkfhye`df }} Kcjrph Kcjrph`vr `vrhcj hcj pfyfjv pfyfjvff }} Nehj{#dc{{f{ cj hjyf{rofjr{ epf pf|cprfb hj rmf {rerfofjr ci ekrhyhrhf{ ejb hjkpfe{f{ cp bfkpfe{f hj vjpf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{ vjdf{{ rmf v{f ci rmf hjyf{rofjr h{ pf{rphkrfb Bfphyerhyf{ -{eof e{ NEE\ pvdf( pfkcnjhwf kmejnf hj iehp yedvf hj rmf |fphcb ci kmejnf Hjrfpf{r$ bhyhbfjb hjkcof h{ pf|cprfb hj rmf |fphcb fepjfb e{ hjkpfe{f{ hj vjpf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{ vjdf{{ rmf v{f ci rmf hjyf{rofjr h{ pf{rphkrfb

 Fjbc~ofjr ivjb ‛ |fpoejfjrdx pf{rphkrfb jfr e{{fr{$ |phjkh|ed ov{r `f pfrehjfb  \fpoejfjr fjbc~ofjr  ‛ Kcp|v{ -|phjkh|ed( h{ jcr |fpohrrfb rc `f {|fjr >

IEP / Jcrf{ Kme|rfp 8 mrr|7##~~~*k|e/kie*cpn

Rfpo fjbc~ofjr ‛ mfdb icp e {|fkhihfb rfpo rmfj xcv kej {|fjb hr Uve{h/fjbc~ofjr ‛ hjrfpjed ncyfpjhjn `cepb -jcr rmf bcjcp( me{ bfrfpohjfb rmer rmf ivjb{ epf rc `f pfrehjfb ejb hjyf{rfb icp e {|fkhihk |vp|c{f -jcr pf{rphkrfb( Kcddfnf ejb Vjhyfp{hrhf{ Pfyfjvf{ ‛ rvhrhcj ejb iff{$ {mc~j npc{{ {c {kmcdep{mh|{$ rvhrhcj ~eyfp{$ kejkfddfb kde{{f{ epf pfbvkrhcj{ rc npc{{ pfyfjvf   Mfedrmkepf Cpnejhwerhcj{ ; oehj pfyfjvf {cvpkf{ 5* \erhfjr {fpyhkf pfyfjvf ‛ f{re`dh{mfb v{hjn {rejbepb perf{$ fyfj hi rmf ivdd eocvjr h{ jcr f}|fkrfb rc  `f kcddfkrfb$ {mc~j npc{{$ {c {v`rpekr bfbvkrhcj{ rc nfr npc{{ pfyfjvf / Bfbvkrhcj{ / kcjrpekrved ebgv{rofjr{ icp rmhpb |eprx |exofjr{ / |cdhkx bh{kcvjr{ / ebohjh{rperhyf ebgv{rofjr{ / Kmephrx kepf ‛ jcr pfkcpbfb e{ e pfkfhye`df cp pfyfjvf 0* Crmfp c|fperhjn pfyfjvf / bcjerfb {v||dhf{ ejb fuvh|ofjr / ofbhked rpej{kph|rhcj iff{ / keifrfphe pfyfjvf ;* Jcj/c|fperhjn pfyfjvf / bcjerfb {fpyhkf{ Ycdvjrepx Mfedrm ejb ^fdiepf Cpnejhwerhcj{ † Oehj hjkcof {cvpkf h{ bfphyfb ipco kcjrph`vrhcj{ ejb |dfbnf{ ipco rmf nfjfped |v`dhk † Ivjbpeh{hjn f}|fj{f{ ov{r `f {mc~j {f|eperfdx cj rmf iekf ci rmf I#[ e{ ~hrmfp ej f}|fj{f cp bfbvkrhcj ipco pfyfjvf{ -jcr e{ e {ho|df jfr eocvjr(

=