Modern Russian 1
Library of Congress Cataloging in PubUcation Data Dawson, Clayton L.
Modern Russian. Includes indexes. I. Russian language-Grammar-19502. Russian language-Spoken Russian. I. Bidwell, Charles E\leretl. 1923joint author. II. Humesky, Assya. joint author. III. Title. PG2112.D36 1m 491.7'83'421 77·5837 ISBN o.8784().169·5 (\I. I)
Copyright © 1964 by Georgetown University All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America International Standard Book Number: o.8784().169-5
ABOUT
Modern Russian
In February 1960 the University of Michigan sponsored a conference of scholars to "develop criteria for a two-year college sequence of spccialized materials for learning the Russian language." In its proposal to the U.S. Office of Education for funds to support the conference, the University of Michigan stated its view that "The urgency of our national need to improve and increase the study of the Russian language in our schools and colleges and the comparative dearth and inadequacy of existing materials for this purpose dictate the collaboration of the U.S. Office of Education with the Russian language specialists ... in the production of a complete two-year colJege level course in Russian." The proposal advised that "pcrtinent decisions regarding personnel, institutional sponsorship, and methodology for the production of such a course should be made only on a broadly established basis of consensus among a widely representative group of scholars and specialists in this field." The twenty-seven scbolars and specialists listed on the page opposite collaborated at tbe conference to achieve tbat consensus, and designated nine persons, similarly listed, as an Advisory Committee to the project. Recommendations arising from the February 1960 conference and from the Advisory Committee resulted in the naming and empowering of the Working Committee-: Dr. Clayton L. Dawson, Professor and Chairman of the Slavic Department at Syracuse University (project coordinator); Dr. Charles E. Bidwell, Associate Professor and Chairman of the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Pittsburgh; and Dr. Assya Humesky, Associate Professor of Russian Language and Literature, University of Michigan. Syracuse University undertook to house and administer the entire project, and assumed responsibility for the preparation of the new materials. Both the University of Michigan conference and the University of Syracuse project to produce the two-year course were supported by the U.S. Office of Education, under authority of TiUe VI of the National Defense Education Act. The University of Michigan, the University of Pittsburgh, and Syracuse University coopcrated by granting leaves of absence to Drs. Humesky, Bidwell, and Dawson respectively. Along with these universities, The American University, the Foreign Service Institute, Georgetown University, Indiana University, 51. John's University, the State University College at New Paltz, New York, and the University of Washington participated in the field testing of materials prior to publication, providing helpful suggestions and encouragement. Generous help was provided in typing, advising, and recording by a large group of native Russians teaching in the Slavic Department of Syracuse University. Professors Robert L. Baker of Indiana University and Tatiana Cizevska of the University of Illinois contributed timely information on culture and current usage out of their recent experience in the Soviet Union. Finally, special critical evaluations and recommendations were provided by Professors Baker, Richard Burgi of Princeton University, Kurt Klein of the University of Illinois, and Laurence Thompson of the University of Washington. Modem Russian, together with the recordings and the teacher's manual prepared to accompany it, unique in both content and techniques in the Russian field, is the fruition of this cooperative group effort.
MDUlERS Of' TIlE 1960 ANN ARBOR CONFERENCE
Emma Birkmaier University of Minnaota Deming J. Brown University of Michigan Edward J. Brown Brown University William S. Cornyn Yale University Clayton L. Dawson Syracuse University Horace W. Dewey Universily of Michigan William B. Edgerton Ifldiana Universily Gordon Fairbanks Cornell University Wayne D. Fisher Universi,y of Ch~ogo A. Bruce Gaarder U.S. Office of Education Fruma Gottschalk University of Chicago Frances de Graaf Bryn Mawr Col/ege Ernest F. Haden University of Texas Morris Halle Massachusetts Institute of Technology Heien Jacobson George Wtuhington University Walter C. Jaskievicz FordJuun University Harry H. Josselson Waylll! State University Horace G. Lunl Harvard University Thomas F. Magner Pe1lJJS}'Ivania State Universily Fan Parker Brooklyn College Lawrence Poslon University of Oklahoma Peter Rudy Northwestern University Leon Stilman Columbia University Laurence G. Thompson University of Wtuhinglon Leon Twarog Ohio State Universi'y Donald D. Walsb Modern Language A5SOCiaiion Francis J. Whitfield Universily of California
ADVlSORY COMMJTJEB
Robert L. Baker
Indiana University
William S. Cornyn
Yale University
William B. Edgerton Gordon Fairbanks
Indiana Universi'y Cort/ell University
Ernesl F. Haden
Universily of Texas
Carleton Hodge
Foreign &rvice Institute
Harlan Lane University of Michigan Laurence C. Thompson
Francis J. Whitfield
University of Wtuhington
Universily of California
Introduction: Using Modern Russian
The matcriaJs of Modern Russian, like those of its prototype, the Modem Language Association's Modern Spanish, provide a new kind of language course based on audio-lingual principles and aimed at speaking proficiency within the framework of tbe traditional language program. Modern Russian consists of two volumes of eighteen lessons each, designed for a two-year course meeting from three to five hours a week. Stressing the fundamental structural features of the contemporary spoken language, the thirtysix lessons present a total vocabulary of some 2700 items. Magnetic tape recordings, available to accompany the written materials, are an integral part of the two-year program. In addition, longplaying disk recordings of basic portions of tbe lessons are obtainable for home study. Audio-lingual principles assume that fluency in a foreign language is acquired less by intellectual analysis than by intensive practice. Awareness of structure is acquired not by memorizing rules and paradigms but by imitation and repetition of basic language patterns and by performance of drills carefully constructed to capitalize on the leamer's natural inclination to analogize from material already learned. Language learning thus properly begins with listening and repeating and only later proceeds to reading and writing. These first two stages are of primary importance if the student is to gain even a minimwn control of spoken Russian; for this reason we recommend strongly that most material be presented and practiced with books closed, both in class and in the laboratory. A lesson consists of the following parts designed to be used as suggested: Preparation for Conversation. Anticipating the Conversation to follow, this part presents the basic elements of the Conversation in the order of their appearance, together with parallel English equivalents and, where needed, wilh phonetic transcription. This material provides a basis for understanding and assimilating the Conversation. Supplementary related words and phrases are also given here. Conversations. Simulating situations of contemporary Soviet life, these introduce the basic lexical and structural items of the lesson in dialogue form and in colloquial Russian. The first v
four lessons contain a single Conversation each; the remaining lessons each contain a pair of Conversations. Notes explain points of cultural difference and of usage and style. For the first five lessons a parallel English equivalent of each Conversation is provided. A phonetic transcription of the Russian is also given as an aid to proper pronunciation in learning the materials; this is presented consistently in the first ten lessons, but only to clarify special problems thereafter. The Conversations, basic to each lesson, are best assimilated to the point of complete memorization. These are recorded on the tapes-and on the records as well-for individual repeated listening and imitation. They are presented in four stages: (I) the entire dialogue at natural speed without pauses; (2) the individual sentences, broken down from the end, with pauses for student repetition; (3) complete utterdnces, again with pauses for student repetition; and (4) the entire dialogue once again at natural speed without pauses. Bask Sentence Patterns. These are sets of patterned sentences, deriving from the Conversations and illustrating the major structural points of the lesson with the use of new and review vocabulary. They are to be mastered through repeated practice. The Basic Sentence Patterns are paralleled by English equivalents. Pronunciation Practice. To instill habits of correct pronunciation, every lesson provides pronunciation drills, frequently contrastive ones. Additional pronunciation drills, not appearing in the text, are given in the Teacher's Manual and on the tapes. Lessons 6 through II each present an Intonatioo Practice treating the fundamental patterns of simple sentences. Structure and Drills. These form the grammatical heart of the course, generally treating four or five major structural points per lesson. Each structural point is developed in five to twelve different drills, with an average of ten responses. The student imitates the models given (generally there are two, the first with an English equivalent), by responding orally to sentences, questions, and/or cues in Russian provided by the teacher. The drills are widely varied: repetition, substitution, questionanswer, subject reversal, transformation, structure replacement, integration, expansion, and pro· gressive substitution. All drills are fully recorded on the tapes with appropriate pauses for student responses, followed by the confirming responses. To make the procedure clear, the desired responses for the first two lessons are printed in fuJI. A discussion of a structural point generally follows the drills in which it has been developed. Reading and Writing. Essentially a recapitulation of the lexical and structural items in lhe lesson and a review of past items, this part is a reworking of the Conversation materials and provides practice in reading. The portions presented in handwritten form invite practice in dictation or copying (easily self-corrected), as well as in reading a cursive script. Translation of the readings is not recommended; comprehension can best be checked by questions in Russian as provided in the Teacher's Manual. Experience suggests that presentation of dialogues is most effective when delivered at a normal conversational speed in natural word groupings (not as words in isolation), with a natural intonation. Class choral repetition is helpful in presenting new Conversations in order to bring the class into active participation, and choral recitation of the parts of the dialogue by designated groups of the class provides a useful check on memorizing the Conversations. Memorizing the Conversations, though not indispensable, does result in higher achievement in the structural drills. Intensive drill on the Preparation for Conversation and class practice on the Conversation, followed by the use of the tape in the language laboratory and/or the records at home, can make memorizing the Conversation a relatively simple task. vi
Practice in writing-whether mere copying or writing out drill responses specifically assigned for that purpose-should not be neglected, despite the strong oral emphasis of Modern Russian. The writing of selected drills tends to reinforce mastery of the structure and to check on progress being made. Normally a lesson will take five meetings to cover, though clearly the longer the time spent on a lesson, the more complete the mastery of it is likely to be. The first four lessons are shorter and may therefore be covered in four sessions each. Where classes meet only three hours a week, drills which cannot be covered in class may be assigned for performance in a language laboratory. A course of three class hours a week has been successfully given by Syracuse University with these materials on just such a basis.
Contents
1
The Russ.ian sound system The Russian (Cyrillic) alphabet and the writing system Remarks on stress Discrepancies between the sound system and the writing system Preparation for Conversation: Crylletrr II CT)'Ahr'rxa Boy student and girl student Basic sentenoe paltems
3 5
7 8
JO 12 IJ
STRUCTURE AND DRIUS
The present tense of tbe first conjugation verb IlJ(ni
2
Preparation for Conversation: ,llUliO .ac: HC H.D.eJT J haW'n"' seen you lor (J long time Basic sentence pallems Correspondence bctYI'CCII Cyrillic vowel letters and the vowel sounds
14
19 21 22 23
STRUCIVR£ AND DR1LL.S
The present tense of the first conjugation verb pa60nn. The Russian handwriting system Syllabification of words in RussiaD
3
Basic sentence pauems
J5 J7 J8
The altemation of voiced and voiceless consonants
39
Preparation for Conversation: JIy'lllle 063)],00, 'fb.t IIHKorJl,li. Better late than
STRUCTURE AND DRIUS
ne~er
cueu.m.
The present tense of the second oonjugation verb Masculine, feminine, and plural endings of short-ronn adjectives
43 45
READING AND WJUTlNG
47
Preparation for Conversation: Puroe6p. o6we»JO.u Conversation in fM dormitory Basic sentence patterns Introductory remarks on the Russian case system Remarks on Siems and endings: tbe concept of '''zero'' ending
4'51
lIriRHe
4
25 28 33
"mtCIo.'ItO
52 53
54
STRUCJURE AND DIUUS
Past tense of the verb 6Wn. The accusative fonn of inanimate masculine and neul.er nouns 'heDe .. lIIIOoMO
IU!ADING AND WIUTING
55
57 58
5
Preparation for Conversation: "ITo Ha oMA? Wha/'s/or dinner? Preparation for Conversation: BW y.ae noo6tJ1&JbI? Have you had dinner already? Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation prnc:tioe: hard versus soft consonants (ltJ \IS. Grammatical gender of nouns Verbal aspects
61
63 64
65
[tl,
Id] vs.
[~I.
[oj
\IS.
['1D
66 68
69 10
STllUCTUllE AND DRIUS
Replacement of nouDS by third person pronouns: 611, oHi. ottO. and _ IntcfTogatives kTO and omS Introductory iTo The irregular present tcose of xOTin. The past tense 'ITe-e •
6
IIIICI.M6
12 73 74
75 76
78
IU!ADING AND WIUT1NG
83
Preparation for Conversation: nepewii . . . . )'tIlIBeparrfre Preparation for Conversation:
85
86
AMepMK'8HC1Ol.i CTylt(\wr
88
Basic sentence panams
89
Pronunciation practice: hard vel1lus soft consonants ((s] vs. [~l, [z] ...S. (~l, Ir) ...s. [rJ) Intonation practice The four noun declensions in Russian: cr6JI-, oKH6-, .eKi~, and lIBipb-class nouns
91
92 94
STRUCTUM AND ORiUS
"
The accusative singular of nouns ending in ... and .... The second conjugation verb roBOpWn. Possessive modifiers The perfective future of the first conjugation verbs uoini and a:Dn. The second conjugation verb BJiJ.lnlo Second person imperatives: familiar versus plural-polite forms lITi:Iote • ..o.MO
7
97 98 102 104
105 107 109
Preparation for Conversation: it 3A6Wn csOi 1JOI'T+Vao Preparation for Conversation: Cry,/lbrrw JJ:IfWor 0 IIapOJIllX CCCP Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation practice: haed versus soft consonants ([P] ¥s. lRJ, [bJ vs. ~). [m) Intonation practice: part I--questions without question words
¥s.
(I{IJ)
111 112 114 115 118 119
SIllUCTUJU! AND DR.lU3
8
The nominative plural of nouns The nominative plural of possessive modifiers The prepositional case: singular and plural endings of nouns Prepositions .. and Ha with the prepositional case The personal pronouns and interrogatives KTO, 'fTO in the prepositional case Remarks on stress shift in nouns
120 125 127
'heHHe K DMCb.'I10
136
Preparation for Conversation: totOi cnod,..! Preparation for Conversation: B lW"a3IitIe Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation practice: hard versus soft consonants (Iv) '15. [y), [f) Intonation practice: part II--questions without question words
139
131 133
135
rae
141 142 143 '15.
[fl, (1]
¥s.
un
145 147 149
SIllucrt1ll.E AND DRIUS
To haw in Russian: affirmative y constructions in the present tense To htn-e had in Russian: affirmative y constructions in the past tense The genitive singular of nouns The genitive of KTO, 'ITO, and the pen;onal pronouns The genitive case in Hb coostructions The genitive case in "" 6wJIo constructions lfTCmte III DIIaoM6
x
150 152 154 156 158
160 163
9
Preparation for Conversation: 3aM611811Te u MeHii ~o! Preparation for Conversation: 8~n
Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation practice: hard consonants lkJ, [g), and Ix) and their sort counterparts ~J, lil, and I'll Intonation practice: emphatic statements with rising-falling contours
167 169 169 171 172 176 177
STR.UcnJRE ANO OfUu.s
10
The prelX)Sition y; further uses with the genitive case Prepositions meaningfrom: 113, C. and OT Other prepositions requiring the genitive case Verbs with infinitives ending in ..... : MOon. and CM6
179 182
Preparation for Conversation: 8 cy666T)' 6yA)'T riKuw Preparation for Conversation:
195 197 198
Oner AYM8eT nom •
185 188 190 192
~"M1f6
Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation practice: unpaired consonants (~I, (f). Ie]. It], Intonation practice: review of falling intonation contours
200 [~J.
and [jJ)
201 204 206
STRucruRll AND DRUJ..S
The accusative of tmi, 'ITO, and the personal pronouns The accusative singular of nouns Second conjugation verbs with a stem consonant change in the first person singular
present-future The future of&.:m. and the formation of the imperfective future KyJd and r.: directional versus Iocational conceptS
11
208 210
213
'Il..-e-e II DC:IIoMO
215 218 221
Preparation for Convenation: B KIIJt6 Preparation for Conversation:
'127 228
n6cJle~
Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation practice: double consonants Intonation practice: review of rising and rising-falling contours
225
230
231 234
235
ST1t.UC11JRJl ANI) DRIUS
The present-future of first conjugation verbs patterned like pa66Tan. and ~ The genitive plural of nouns The accusative plural of nouns The genitive case with lie fijJ1el' constructions The genitive case for the direct object of negated verbs Demonslrative trOT in the nominative, accusative, genitive, and prepositional ca~s lf~
12
MIDICIoMO
Preparation for Conversation: M.:i .
Preparati~versation:
8 MoaaM! Basic sentence pauems Pronunciation practice: special consonant clusters
237
240 243 245 246 248 250
253 255 256 258 259 262
STRUCIUR.E ANI) DRILLS
Two-stem first conjugation Yerbs Genitive plural noun ending!>: special problems The use of the genitive after numbers Unidirectional versus multidirectional verbs of motion Long-fonn adjoct.ives: nominative singular and plural lfn-e • mte:Wot6
263 266 268 269
m
276
xi
13
Preparation for Conversation: tUmine
279
~ t O Moa
282 283 285
Preparation for Conversation: nOCJJjwaeM Rllacnitaal Basic sentence patterns
Pronunciation practice: initial clusters with [f} or
286 289
[rJ
STRUCTURE AND DRIlLS
The fonnation of the second person imperative The declension of adjectives: Dominative, accusative, genitive, and prepositional cases The declension o f . and the possessive modifiers: nominative, accusative. genitive, and Review of second conjugation verbs lfTe-e .. mK:loMO
299 302 306
Preparation for Conversation:
309
prepositional cases
14
290 295
Ha TllHllU.
311
Preparation for Conversalion: JiIl'B • uD.XM8TW Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation practice: final clusters with Ir) or (r)
312 313 314 311
STIlUCT\.IRE AND OJUU..S
The dative of KTO, orrO, the: personal pronouns, and the reflexive penonal pronoun cdHi The dative case in impersonal constructions The: dative case with ..y..a1, H)'»Qd, HjmIo, and ~ The imperfective verb JUlun. and its perfective .a,jn. Suggestions that include the speaker: part I-perfective verbs Adverbs and short-form neuter adjectives ending in 0() 1.f1'fHHe H nMCbMo
15
Preparation for Conversation:
notaeM to: Hi.~
Ka
323 325
327 330 331 335 337
,,-..uDcy-..
Preparation for Conversation: n.JlIII Dod3bfBaeT ~nny (20011'" Basic scDtence patterns Pronunciation practice: consonant clusters with [I) or
318 320
UJ
338 341 342 345
STRUCTURE AND DRIll.S
The dative of nouns: singular and pluml
16
346
Dative constructions with H8Jlo The past tense or the imperfective verb Jl.L{Ili and its prefixed perfecti~ derivatives Suggestions that include the speaker: part ll-imperfective verbs Impersonal constructions using the subjectless third person plural verb 1.fTituIe .. l:I'IlaoM6
350 352 355 356
Preparation for Conversation: Hec"uliC'T'HWH cnY'IaH Preparation for Conversation:
361 163 364 367 368 371
y LtOKropa
Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation practice: the voKing of ordinarily unvoiced consonants
358
STRUCTUJU! AND DRIllS
Prepositions requiring the dative: ll; and go The dative endings ofhar, 'Iii, and the possessive pronoun modifiers The dative endings of adjectives: singular and plural Reflexive verbs-part I HpaJllrrl>CJl, DOlipliBHThC1l 1.fmlNe H UHCJoM6
17 xii
Preparation for Conversation: ]a f]MI6i.\UI
Prepamtion for Conversation: nllp6r c f1l'M6a._ Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation practice: the unvoicing of ordinarily voiced consonants
371
375 378 380 383 385 389 391
392 394 ]95
398
STRUCTIJRE AND DRILLS
Nouns in the instrumental case The instrumental oflO'6, 'ITO, the personal pronouns, and the rdl.e~ve personal pronoun ce6li The instrumental ofiWT, ..ei, and the possessive modifiers
Reflexive verbs-part U Nouns with declension irregularities: Min., A6-r... cWlI, ,ltipeeo, JDiicr 'lTi_ 11II IlJfCIoM6
18
Preparation for Conversation: npowii, ua.:&na! Preparation for Conversation: npollliJu.Hu ~... Basic sentence patterns Pronunciation practice: clusters beginning with the letters c and]
400 404 406 408 412 414
419 422
424 426 428 431
STRUCTURE AND DRIUS
Use of the instrumental in the predicate with verbs of ~illg and becomillg The instrumental of adjectives Adjectives and pronouns (in adjectival form) which function as nouns Rene;live verbs--part III Perfectivization by prefix 110- to indicate a limited amount of the activity
433 436 438 440
LfTCt!He II IIHCbMO
443 44'
APPENDIX
449
VOCABULAR"
46' 476
xiii
Recordings for Modern Russian
Modern Russian 1
Side A: Cassette
Lesson
Page
Minutes
I
I 3 5 6 7 7 8 9 9 JO 10 I1
3 35 61 83 109 127 139 167 185 195 213 225 240 253 279 299 309 323 335 361 389 403 419 436
45 46 30 43 28 25 54 29 26 26 26 23 30 40 30 24 25 29 49 47 26 27 24 31
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24
II
12 13 13 14 14 15 16 17 17 18 18
Side B: Lesson
2 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 9 10 10 II II
12 Il
13 14 14 15 16 17 17 18 18
Page
Minutes
19 49 74 99 122
31 31 25 39 29 27 55 27 24 25 26 24 30 36 30 23 24 28 51 46 24 27 23 31
III
156 180 189 209 216 237 245 268 293 303 320 327 351 376 40 I 409 424 441
LESSON
1
The Russian sound system Russian sounds may be divided into two basic groups: vowels and consonants. A. The vowels
Russian has five basic vowel sounds, all of tbem shorter than the very approximate English vowels given here for the sake of a rough comparison. l [al [0]
star po,1
[el
met
[i I
machine lunar, soon
luI
[tam, vas] [6n, n6s] [eIU, jel] [i, ivan] [nu, kum]
As aids 10 pronunciation, we also give two additional symbols to represent positional variants of [al and Ii]. sofa, about ship, weary
[papo, 6k,Ja I [bik, sin]
Sound Drill I: Practice the Russian examples illustrating the vowel sounds, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. 2
B. The consonants
Russian consonants fall into two main groups, which we call "hard" and "soft." Hard consonants are pronounced with the main body of the tongue flattened, creating a hoJlow, open, mouth cavity. Soft consonants, conversely, are pronounced with the tongue raised in an are, creating a narrowed mouth cavity and a restricted passage of air. The consonants may be divided into four subgroups: those which occur in both soft and hard varieties regardless of what sound follows, those whose hardness or softness depends on the sound that follows, those which are only hard, and those which are only soft. , In illustrating the sounds we use a transcription based on Latin characters. some slightly modified in form. Sound Drills 1-5 are recorded on tape and printed in the Teacher's Manual.
I
3
1. Consonants which occur in both hard and soft varielies regardless of the sound that follows. I
[mJ [", ] [bJ
PI]
[pJ [eJ
[vJ [yJ If]
m
moose ","use boots beauty poor pure voice view food feud
[nJ
DOW
[QJ [dJ
menu do adieu, shouki you stool costume, what youth zoom presume (British), he's young SW'm as."iiwne, lhis youth trined r (as in Spanish or Italian) soft trilled r (no equivalent) belt million
[~]
It)
[II [zJ [~J
[sJ
[IJ [rJ [r]
PJ
m
[m6st, tam] [rpesb, rpM:;;] [bab:>, buduJ
PIll,
a'l&l.J
[papk., slapl [sei , Il6sJ [yam, sI6Y.1] [yiZ:), yeLk~ J s16f] [fin, astaO (n6s, v6n] [Q6s, QCl) Ida, dim.)
em,
[~~', Ilim.]
(t6t, tut] [16k, mall (z6n~, vw] (pma, vqmu] (s6k, viis] [lidu, eilm6 J [rnka, ur6k) erika, govafll J [lampo, st61) [lagn, still
Sound Drill 2: Practice the Russian examples illustrating these hard and soft consonant pairs, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Notc that Russian consonants do not have the slight puff of breath characteristic of such English consonants as p, t, and k in certain positions. 2. Consonants whose hardness or softness ordinarily depends on the sound that follows. The consonants [k], [gJ, and [x] are ordinarily pronounced hard, but are replaced by their soft alternates [~], [3J, and [;OS] respectively when followed by the vowels eel and [i]: (kl
skill, scal acute, cure go
[kak, drukJ [1pn6, ~em) [gum, g61:ls)
[gJ
argue
[n631, nage)
[x)
(no English equivalent; something like the Scotch or German dJ. in loch or adJ.) (son variety; no equivalent)
[xud6j, ax]
[~J
[gJ
[~)
(JPrpik, bran:sit)
Sound Drill 3 : Practice the Russian examples illustrating these sounds, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can.
, In the transcription, I small hook under the k:tta marks the soft COlUOl1Int. Notice thaI lhe.soft COlUOl1IDt has.somewhal the effect of a "y-like" glide rollowing the consonant.
4
LESSON I
3. Consonants which occur only in a hard variety regardless of the sound that follows: [c]
its, waltz
[capC:::l, alec]
[<)
shrimp
[
[1]
azure, leisure
[!Uk,
uze)
Sound Drill 4: Practice the Russian examples iUustrating these sounds. imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Note that the Russian [c] is a single sound unit. and that both ~J and (1J are articulated farther back in tbe throat than the comparable English sounds. 4. Consonants which occur only in a soft variety, regardless of the sound that follows: [f)
!"J
doeap fresh cheese or wash sheets (pro-
[Cis, doc) ~i, ji~]
nounced as a single sound unit)
Ua,
yes, boy
m6j)
Sound DrillS: Practice the Russian examples illustrating these sounds, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can.
The Russian (CyriUic) alphabet and the writing system Russian does not use the Latin alphabet employed by English and such Western European languages as French. Gennan. Spanish, and Italian. Rather, Russian uses another alphabet, called the Cyrillic. It is basically modeled after the Greek alphabet, but is supplemented by additional symbols for certain sounds occurring in the Slavic languages but not in Greek. Other Slavic peoples using the Cyrillic alphabet include the Ukrainians, Byelorussians, Bulgarians. Macedonians, and Serbs; while the Czechs, Poles, Slovaks, Slovenes, and Croats use tbe Latin a1pbabet. The Russian (Cyrillic) alphabet is given below in its conventional order, together with typical pronunciations of the letters and illustrative examples. Note tbat most letter.> are pronounced in more than one way, depending upon wbere tbey occur or the place of stress in the word.' THE ALPHABIIT
TYPICAL
EXAMPLES
PRONUNCIATION
A a
Ii 6
[aJ
a,TiM
[a)
MaMa
[b)
631(,6a6a 66e. re6e 666, 6a6"a
llIJ [P)
B
r
B
r
[v) [y) [I] [g)
[gJ [1<) [vJ
B3.M,B6T
,..;. BT6M roT6sa, T6ra 6ere. T6re 6er. M6r TOr6. Ku6ro
I Stress is marked with all acute (.) accellt over the vowel. LESSON I
5
)I, II
IdJ
Aa,.abM
[~]
r,rt, BOJle, oach 06tJl, r6A. B6JlKa
[t]
E e
r e J1(lIC
[el Ue] Ii] Ui] 10] Uo] If] (!]
3
3
Iz] I~]
Is]
11 •
.n.6Me. 6e,aa
W, erb Mi.a.. TeTe te,
Moe
.aa*e. m.6a e_.o.ne*Ka 38.86.a.. 6:ba JeB611:, &eXT 063, f.il iii,
r8A
Ii] Ui] Ii]
MOM, TBOIi
Aii
U]
MOM. TaJC6ii, MaiKa, iO.IJ.
KK
[kJ
Kh, eOlt.ka KCM. lunij:j
[%]
JI
Jl
MM H.
00
n
II
p p Cc
TT
PI
m
JKM3,
xNBi:T
n6*I3, BHnxa,BHnen JlCA JIlho. 60neJHf t
[m] ['l']
Mbil, T3.M
[0] IQ]
HO, OHA
[oj raj [al
.nOM, 33.BO.ll..
[PJ
OOH,D;CM
fIl]
.nlrJ, rJtlllJe
[r]
pyKa, Milp
III
ped, MOpe
IsJ IiI
acWIOI.
[I)
ru
Mtn, ttMJI NeT,
oHJj OO,ltKa
OKII6, CJlO83
Mana, MOnOll:O
BaC, Jloaca
cent CeMent He<=H TaM, npHoeT liM, TeK
Yy
[ul
trPo. KY.n3, HlO'
<1>01>
In
10
4t6PMa, +An cIleVTa, 4)K/uinn
Ix]
ax, x6noJJ.Ho. xn66
I~]
XHMHJ:. XuTp6B
Xx 6
o6tD.. Dena, Te eM, e,neT
lESSON I
Un
[e]
OTtn, napHQa
q
[¢]
ill w
[I]
..au, nO"lTa, Bpa.. wap, WYM, xopow6
11\
[!¢]
mH, OOplU,
• lU
],1>
bI b
bI
b
:3
10
, 10
jig
erne
(hard sign)'
[;1
TW, BbI, 6Wno, pa,llbl
(soft sign)' [el
tro, :TrOT, iTH, no:h
[u] Gu]
BalDO, BCJO, 61Op6 tOOka, CBOtO, MOIO
[a]
naTb, OnSTb. roeopiT
[i]
mrrn, TSIXeno ., TB01i, CToD
Gal G;] !P]
II3b1K
neH.mil,
JlO
cBHll!mul
Remarks on stress A.
s~
in the word
A stressed vowel is one pronounced wiLb greater intensity or loudness than an unstressed vowel. Words of more than one syllable can have only one syllable which is stressed in Russian. This contrasts sharply with English, when::: many words have more than one stress, for example: ENGLISH propaganda
RUSSIAN npouaraKJ],a
[p~pag{md~]
When words are combined in a sentence in Russian, certain short words may receive no stress. For example, prepositions such as y and Ha, and the negative partjcle He arc nonnally pronounced as though they were part of the following word: yuee [UQij6] H3 nO'iTy [nap6¢tul He BH.a.CJl [Q;Y;Qil] B. The major segment
A Russian sentence may consist of a single word or of one or more groups of words. Each group contains one word which has an even stronger stress than any of the other stressed words in the group. We call the groups major segments and the strongest stress in each group the major stress. We call the remaining word stresses in the major segment secondary stresses. The boundary between major segments represents a point where a short slowing up or pause may be made in speaking. In our transcription, the major sentence stress will be indicated by a double accent mark ("), and the secondary or word stress will have a single acute accent mark ('). On the material printed in Cyrillic, only the single accent mark will be used for both major sentence stress and word stress. I The hard sign nipll.wii m&K and page 9.
son sign Mlin.:1Ii 3Hh have no sound
value. For a dC'$Criplion of Iheir function, see
LESSON I
7
Division of a sentence into major segments will often depend on the individual speaking style and tempo. A given sentence in rapid speech will be spoken with fewer major segments than the same utterance in slow deliberate speech. But the segmentation is not arbilrary--there are some places where a major segment boundary may be made and others where it will be rare or nonexistent. For example, a major segment boundary does not occur between a preposition and the following word, and it rarely occurs between an adjective and the noun it qualifies. In neutral, unemphatic style, the major stress usually falls on the last word of each major segment. In statements, a shift of the major stress (0 another word in the segment shifts the emphasis to that word: NEUTRAL SPEClAL
or
.sf H).Ij ,ll,oM6U. [jf!. idli dam6j] I'm going home. .sf.H,/.\Y ,lJ,OMOH. [ja idfi dam6j] I am going home. .sf W,ll,OMOH. (ja idli dam6j] Fm going home.
To sum up, we indicate the degrees of stress (loudness) as follows: I. Major stress (one per major segment}---double accent mark on transcription, single accent mark on CyriIlic. 2. Secondary or word stress (no more than one per word}-single acute accent mark. 3. No stress--no accent mark. EXAMPLE
Ii H,ll.y Ha no·tTy.
[ja idu napi)Ctu]
Above all, the student should bear in mind that the best guide to accurate pronunciation is the way a native speaker actually pronounces the words, not the written representation of stress.
Discrepancies between the sound system and the writing system A. Use of the same consonant letter to write both hanl and soft consonant varieties As we know, most Russian consonant sounds come in hard and soft varieties. It is a peculiarity
of the writing system and the alphabet, however, that the same letter often represents both a hard and soft consonant in writing. For example, both hard [n] and soft fQ] are written H in Cyrillic; only the following letter can tell us whether it is hard or soft. Compare HOC [nos] with Hee [Qos]. B. Double set of vowel letters in the writing system To preserve the distinction between hard and soft consonants in the writing system, the Russian alphabet employs a double set of vowel letters which may be termed "hard-" and "soft-series" vowel letters. [n themselves the vowels are neither hard nor soft; rather, they indicate the hardness or softness of the preceding consonant. Thus "hard-series" vowel letter a typically follows a hard consonant, and "soft-series" vowel letter H typically follows a soft consonant. HARD SERlES
8
LESSON I
$Off SERIES
a
a
a
e
bl
H
0
C
Y
10
EXAMPLES HARD CONSONANT PLUS VOWEL
SOFf CONSONANT PLUS VOWEL
6.
60
be
6", hi1
6. [i}a
i}o
WRITTEN
,,.
bo
6y bu
6.
[ba
Ay du
A' de
AR
.ae
(da
AO do
A'"
PRONOUNCED
di)
Ilia
40
WRITTEN
Ma [rna
MO mo
My mu
M' me
M'" mil
MR
Me
['Pa
TIl
TO 10
TY
T3
tu
te
"" tiJ
WlUlTEN
PRONOUNCED
PRONOUNCED WIUTTEN
PRONOUNCED
Ita
6H> i}u
50 i}e
6" i}i I
AH> 4u
Ae 4e
AM
MH> 'P u
Me 'Pe
MY
'Po
TR
-re
TH>
TO
TR
[\"
10
IU
\e
\i1
6e
4iJ
The special symbol h indicates the softness of a preceding consonant when no vowel letter follows. I Remember that this sign is not a vowel, Le., it has no independent sound value. It is merely an alphabetic device to show that the preceding consonant is soft. It is written principally at tbe end of a word or between consonants. SOFf CONSONANT NOT FOLLOWED BY VOWEL
HARD CONSONANT NOT FOLLOWED BY VOWEL WRITTEN PRONOUNQ:D WRITTEN
table
6pAT
brother
[brat)
WlUTTt'N
yroll [ugolJ
comer
nOfu:a [pOlbJ
shelf
WIUTTEN
PRONOUNCED
so much
[stoll
PRONOUNCED
PRONOUNCED
cr6m.
cn\. (stolJ
to taJc:e
6pan.
[brall yrollh
roa1
{ug:)U
nOm."a [pOlbJ
polka
C. Soft-series vowel letters at the beginning of a word or following another vowel letter Tbe soft-series vowelletlers ii, e, e, and 10, also serve another function. At the beginning of a word following another vowel leller, they arc written to represent the consonant sound (written elsewhere ii) plus a vowel. Thus H in these positions is equivalent to ii plus a; e is equivalent to ii plus 0; e is equivalent to ii plus 3, and 10 is equivalent to ii plus y.
m
WRJlTEN
MOR
PRONOUNCED
maja
elK jO!
MaC
MoeH
wr
MOJO
maj6
majej
juk
maju]
The soft-series vowel letter H differs from the others in that tbere is usually no preceding [j] sound in initial position, and there is a ratber weak [j] between vowels: JiMj(
(iIp:)] D. The bani sign ... and soft sign
MOM
[maji] or [mail
h
There are two leHers in the Russian alphabet with no independent sound value. They are called nep1lhlH 38llK hard sign ... and MTKKii 3HllK soft sign h. 'See item 0 below, fOf fuller treatment of this symbol.
LESSON I
9
I. THE SOFT' SIGN
Of the two symbols, the soft sign 10 is much more frequently encountered and serves two major purposes: a. To indicate consonant softness at the end of a word or before another consonant: onlo [gatl five, TOJlbKO [t6lb] only, 'INTin. [titiU to read. b. To indicate that a preceding consonant is soft and that the next vowel is preceded by the sound [jj: cer.tbli [~iqlja] family, nbU [IDot] he drinks. Note: Although the soft sign is sometimes written after the consonants and w for historic reasons, these consonants are nevertheless pronounced hard: Mymoli [mtdjaj husbands, H./leuu. [i46~j you're going.
*
2.
THE HARD SIGN
The hard sign 1> in modern Russian is only used after prefixes ending in a consonant followed by a soft·series vowel. It indicates that a [j] sound precedes this vowel: cWn [sjel) he ate Up. on..i3.a: (atjest) departure. PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
Except in certain fixed expressions, nouns are first given in their nominative case form. The nominative case is primarily used to indicate the subject of a sentence or clause. Russian nouns are of three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Masculine nouns usually terminate in a consonant letter, feminine ones in -a or ....., and neuters in -0 or -e. The gender of nouns will be indicated in the Preparation for Conversation only where it is not obvious from the nominative form, as for example: . . . (f) door, Abn. (m) day. For the time being verbs and adjectives will be given only in the form in which they occur in the conversation. cryll,eHT (stu4ent] » Ii) CTy.neHTK
girl student, coed Evgeny Nina greetings! regards! hi! Hi, Nina!
Ubi H./leTe [vi i40ti] KY.lla [kuda] KYlJ,a BY H/teTe?
you're going, you're on your way where, where to, to what place Where are you going?
ypC" (ur6k] Ha ypCk [n~urok) OeHMe fJleQ.ip] ypCK neHHjI (ur6k ~Qi'p]
Ha yp6K oettu.
Ua
student and
lesson, a lesson, the lesson 2 to the lesson, to dass singing singing class, a singing lesson To a singing lesson.
R HJti Ha ypOK ne.u.•.
I'm going, I'm on my way I'm going to a singing lesson.
a (a] JloMoif (damojJ A BW .LJ:OMOB?
and, but. by the way, how about home, homeward And are you on your way home?
Ii
HflY
iduJ
, Boldface sentences in the Preparation for Conw:rsalion are those lhat appear in the Conversation itself. l Notice thai Russian does not haw: definite or indefinite anie1es corresponding to English Iltt. a, on.
10
I...R'iSON
I
HiT [Qct] nO'ITa [p6Ct~ J H8 no'lT)' [oap6Ctu) HeY, Ji HJ.tY 118 no'lT)'. OHCbMO [gi~mo J nOCJlliTb nHchMo [paslat gi~m6J A HJti' HS ooarl'y nocmin. DHCbMO. co6pAHHe 6wo
[sabralJj~]
[bil~]
B'Iepa [~ir3] B'Iepa 6brnO c06pafme? CK
[bil~]
He 6b1J10 [Qebila] Her, He 6b1J1o. K.ITj6 [klup] B KJJj6e [fkhi~i] 8 KJly6e? HiT• ..e 6wno.
3ason [zav6t] Ha 33Bone [nazavQ4i] A
KS
laaO.lle?
T3.M [tam] Ji He 6b1J1 [ja Qcbill .st T3.M He 6b1J1. HO [noJ 6blJlO, HO Ii T1i.M lie 6b1n.
Hy
[nul
JOBKHHTe
Hy,
[izyiQ.iti]
M3DMnne.
aBT66yc [aftobus] MowasT06yc [moj aft6bus] ao,. u.nCT [vat iQol] 80T lIJl:eT MOM BBT06yc.
no CBHJt3,1UIR
[d~s'{idalJj;)]
)],0 CBllLI.iJooI.
no
post office to the post office No, I'm on my way to the post office. a letter to send a letter I'm going to the post office to send a letter. meeting. a meeting, the meeting was, there was yesterday Was there a meeting yesterday? say! tell [me]! Say, was there a meeting yesterday? there was there wasn't No, there wasn't. club in the club, at the club At the club? No, there wasn't. plant, factory at the plant, at the factory How ahout at the plant? there I wasn't I wasn't there. but There was [a meeting), but I wasn't there. well excuse [me] Well, excuse (me].
bus my bus here comes, there goes Here comes my hus. good-bye, I'll be seeing you Good-bye.
SUPPLEMENT
Ji HJtY [ja idu] ,,;, HAeWb [li iQM] OH HlleT [00 iQat] oHiI H./l.CT [ana iQ6t] MhI HJleM [mt iQ6mJ BbI H./l.eTe [vi iQati] outi HJl.Yr [aQi idut J
I'm going you're going I he's going she's going we're going you're going l they're going
, Tw you is used in addressing a dose friend or a member of one's family. BLt)'OIl is u!iCd in addressing a person where a more formal relalionship e~ists. and it is also used whenever more than one person is addressed. LESSON I
11
CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS
The following are some of the classroom words and expressions your instructor will be using. Be sure you are able to recognize them when you hear them. eme p
BCe BMecre '1HTaMTe xopowo
[f~e
once again, once more repeat! please speak! talk! louder all together read! good, fine, all right bad, poor, not good better
vrpestiJ
[citaj\i] [x';Jm~61
[lJIOXO
[plox;)J
JJy'lwe
[Iuc~i]
Boy student and girl student The following symbols are used in the transcription of the conversations to give the student some notion of the inflection of the voice at the end of a phrase or sentence: .J, indicates a dropping off of the voice t indicates a rise of the voice I indicates voice level sustained E. H. -
E.
EBn~HHH
(Cl)',OeIlT) Evgeny (a student) HHH3 (CTy.neHTKa) Nina (a girl student)
TIpHeeT, HlbIa! Ky.ua ebl lIlti:he?
priyet -Qin;) 1 kuda vi iQoti 1
Hi, Nina! Where are you going?
H.
2 Ha ypOK neHUR. A ehl nOMoii?
n;}urok geQij;) 1 a vi damoj 1
To a singing lesson. And you're on your way borne F
E.
3 Hh, }:\ H.uY Ha OOlf1)' nocJulTh mfcbMo.
vet j
No, I'm on my way to the post office to send a letter.
H.
4 CKa)KHTe, 8lfepa 6bIJIO co6paHHe?
E.
5 B KJIy6e? HeT, He 6hIJIO.
ja idu napoctu
I
pas I,,! gijrn6j skaZiti 1 fCinl bil;) sabraQj;) 1 fklii~i
1
Say, was there a meeting yesterday? At the club?l No, there wasn't.
ved
Qebil:-J 1
H.
6 A Ha 3aBOll,e?
a n;)lavOQi i
How about at the plant?
E.
7 EhUlo, HO 51 TaM He 6h1Jl .
bil, I n6 ja tam -Qebil
There was, but I wasn't there.
!
• Superscript numerals in the Conversation refer to the Notes immediately following. 12
LESSON I
4,j
H.
E.
8 Hy,
9
H. 10
NOTES
nu
H3BIHlHTe.
I izyiQit i !
Well, excuse me. Here comes my bus.
BOT JUlCT
vot i46t
Moii a8T66yc.
m6j aftobus 1
Ao
cBH,naaH.SI.
ddSyidciQjd
1
I'll be seeing you.
Ao CBH,aaHHjl.
dosyida~j.
j
Good-bye.
I The terms ay.neHT and CTY~a refer only to university students, as compared with y'feIIKK and yqemiqa which designate pupils or students below university level. Russians make a much sharper distinction than we in the teIlllS used for university level as opposed to pre-university level, for example: PRE-UNIVERSITY LEVEL
UNIVERSITY LEVEL npo~p yHKBeptH"ra
nexI.UUI 1
profenor university lecture
Russian has two words
K
}"IHTenb (m) Y'lItTe.rlbllHU,a (f)
teacher
mK6na
school
yp6K
lesson, class
and a both meaning and. 11 is used as a simple con-
nector: boy and girl student
whereas a is used to point up a contrast or to introduce a new topic:
.R
itA)' Ha ypOK. A Bbl llOMOA 1
I'm going to a lesson. And you, are you going home?
) KJ1j6 means club in the sense of a group of working associates who meet for recreational or informal educational purposes. Clubs in the Soviet Union playa political-educational role in encouraging useful bobbies such as radio, photography, or airplane modeling; or in the study of technical subjects, malhematics, botany, zoology, and so forth. Recreational activities include amateur performances, dances, and games such as chess. .. II is not uncommon in the Soviet Union for university students to work in a factory during the day and attend classes in the evening. Unless they are excellent students. secondary school graduates generaJly must work for two years before entering the university. , Notice that at in Russian is H8 in H8 Juone at the plant, but B in B ICJly6e at the club. Certain nouns require the preposition 118 in this meaning, while other nouns require B. In the same way, when these prepositions are used in the meaning to, Ha must be used with JoOn (118. JaB6A 10 the plant) and B must be used with 1CJtj6 (8 1CJIj6 to the club).
Basic sentence patterns The material in this section gives some of the possible variants of utterances found in the conversation. It is designed to provide the student with certain basic paltems before an analysis of the structure is given and before be is asked to manipulate the specific grammatical items. In this way it is hoped that he will not only be able to observe the over-all structural patterns of Russian, but also have some ready-made utterances for active use when be begins to converse. The material should be thoroughly drilled as repetition practice with books closed as the first step. After this, it may be used for reading practice. LESSON I
13
I. KY,1l;3 Bbl liJlCTe?
-
-
-
-
-
Where are you going? To a singing lesson. ('m going to a singing lesson. To the post office. I'm going to the post office. To a meeting. I'm going 10 a meeting. To the plant. I'm going to the plant.
Ha ypOK nemul. R lilly Ha yp6K m~lIml. Ha n6'lTy. R 1i.n:Y Ha nO'lTY. Ha c06p3HHe. R II,1l;y Ha c06pfulHc. Ha 3aa6Lt. R li/.{y Ha 3aa6,11;.
2. Kywl Tb' HlleWb? - Ha n6'll")' nOCmlTh nHChM6. - R HJJ,Y Ha nO'!Ty nOCJlaTb T1I1ChMO. -):loM6H. - .R J.fJ.l:Y ,1I;OMOH.
-
8 KJ1Y6. R It,ll.Y B KJlY6.
3. 801' liLtCT M6H a.BTo6ye. ____ ____ ____ ____ B6T llJI.y,. ____
Ean~lIllH.
HHlla. CTy,u,eHT. cTy.n.eIlTKa. EareRHii Ii HHHa. CTy.n.CHT Ii e1)',1I;eHTKa.
Where are you going? To the post office to send a letter. I'm going to the post office to send a letter. Home. I'm going home. To the club. I'm going to the club. Here comes my bus. _ _ _ _ Evgeny. _ _ _ _ Nina. _____ a student. _ _ _ _ _ a girl student. Here come Evgeny and Nina. _ _ _ _ a boy and a girl student.
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
The present tense of the first conjugation verb Ii H.lly Thl li,1l;eWb 6H It,ll.CT alia Ii,1l;CT Mhl li,1l;eM abI It,ll.eTe OHH liLty,.
•
lIJ\T1i
I'm going, I'm on my way, I'm coming you're going, you're on your way, you're coming he's going she's going we're going you'rc going they're going
REPETITION DRILL
Listen to your instructor (or the tape) and repeat the above pronoun-verb model until you can say it perfectly. •
REPETITION-SURSTITUTION DRILL
Repeat after your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can, imitating both the individual words and the sentence intonation. Then, on hearing only the subject pronoun, give the fuIl sentence. 1 I Complete student answers are given in the first two lessons only. Allhough instructions for the drills are addressed 10 lhc student, he is advised to perfonn them without looking at the printed page, preferably with his book closed. Boldface type always indicatcs the "model" sentence to be spoken by the studenl; the corresponding lightface sentence is the "model" to be spoken by the teacher. The English translation appears in italic Iype.
14
LE'SSON 1
STUDENT
TEACHER
I'm going home
I'm going home.
ii: My JJ.OMOU.
A IIJJ.Y JJ.oMoii.
TM un.ewb .D:OMOj:j.
Tbl HJJ.ellU.. AOMO". H,!{e-r nOMOH.
68 lIJ],CT ):lOMO".
Oil
Qua HJler llOMOii. Mbi un.eM llOMO". Bbi: H,lJ,eTe nOMoH.
01130 lUleT AOMO". M bi H,lJ;eM ,D,oMoii. Rbi HJleTe .a.oMoii. OK" ItllYr JJ.OMOH.
OInt HAYr lloMon. • QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
Answer the question, using participate.)
Ha
oO'fTY with both short and full answers. (In class two students may
TEACHER
STUIJ£NT
Where lire you going? Where are you going? KyJJ.3. Rbi H/lere? KYlla BbI HlIere? KYAa 1"W ltlleWb'" KYA3. n:. HJ],emb? Ky.n3 611 H,LleT?
To the post office. I'm going to the post office. Ha nOln)'. A KJti HS OOorTy. Ha n6'1T)'.
KYllO. 611 MeT? Ky.na Mhz H,1l,eM?
68 H,Aih H3 no'tTy. Ha n6lfT)'. Mba: HJleM H3 no'rry.
Ky,ui Mhi H,J.teM?
A MAY H3 n61(1)'. Ha n61fT}'.
Ky~ OHa HJJ,eT?
Ha n6'O)'.
KYM OHa H,/I,CT? KYAa obi: H,Qrn? Ky.n:a Obi u.n.eTe? Ky~ QUM HJJ;jT? Ky.nA Olllt H,I:{jT?
QHa u,aeT H3 no'iTY.
•
Ha n6'fTY.
ii: HJl.y
H3 n6lJTY·
Ha nO·lTy. OHK ~ H3
nO·lTy.
QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
Answer the qucslion, using Ha c06pauHe. with both short and full answers. TEACHER
STUDENT
Where are you going, home? Where are you going, home?
No, to a meeting. No, I'm going to Q meeting. Hh, ua co6piHHe.
Ky.na Ky.na KYJl:a Ky.na Ky.na Ky.n3. Ky.n3. Kyna KYJl,a Ky.ua Kyna Ky.na
Bbi R,l.ten:, .noMoii'! Bbi It,Llere, .nOMO"'! 611 R,l.teT, .nOMa"? OH R,l.teT, .nOMon'! Olla lIJl.eT, .nOMa"'! Olla lIJl.eT, .nOMO" '! Mbi lIJl.eM, .nOMOit'! Mbi lIJl.eM, .nOMa"'! OHM IIJl.Yr, Jl,OMon '! OIlU IIJl.Yr, .nOM6H? TLi HJl,eWb, .nOMOit? rn HJleWb, .nOMOit '!
Hh, Ii HJJ:i Ha co6piHHe. Her, lIa co6pallHe. Her, Oil R,lleT Ha co6pAHltc. HtT, H3 co6p3.HHe. HtT, oua H.lJ.CT Ha co6p:iHue. HtT, H3 co6p3Hue. Her, Mbi H.lJ.eM H3 co6pbute. Her, U2 co6prome. HCT, OH" HAYr H2 coGpaHHe. HCT, lIa co6p:iuHe. Her, Ji HAY H2 co6pIDflte.
LESSON I
15
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
Answer two ways, using
liS
ypOJ.:
ueIIHH.
TEACHER
STUDENT
Where's Nina going? Where's Niffa going?
To a singing lesson. Nina's going 10 a singing lesson. Ha ypOK neHK", HMua HJJ.er Ha YpOK 001"11.
Ky.na KYAa Ky.na KY.ll.a Ky.n.3 KY.ll.3 Ky.n.3: Kyna
HJl,eT HJl,eT HJl,CT H,QCT
HHlla? HHHa? EDreHH"? EDreHH"? HJleT CT)'.ll.eHT? HJlCT CTY.ll.eHT? H,QCT CTY.ll.eHTKa? HJler CT)'neHTlCa?
Ha yp6.IC nellHJI. EBreH"" HJleT Ha yp6K neHH.liI. Ha yp6K DeHIIII. CTy.ll.eHT HllCT Ha yp6K neuHJI. Ha yp6K neHHJI. CTyneHTICa HJl,eT lIa yp61C neu.HJI.
• SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
Items to be cued by the teacher are indicated in parentheses.
J. The studenl is going to a meeling. CTylleHT HJl,er lIa co6piurne. (CrY.ll.eHT H c:ry.ll.eHTK:a) __ (OH) _ (OHa) _ (OHM) _ (E''''HH.) _ (HRHa) _ (EBreHHA H HHHa) _
CTynewr HJJ.eT "a co6p2nHe, CTyneHT H CTY.ll.eHnr::a HJlYr Ha co6pAHHe. 6H HJleT lIa co6pAHHe. OHa n.n.CT Ha co6~He. ORu HJJ.Yr Ha co6p3.HHe. EBreHHA lUl.eT ua co6pauHe. HUHa IUl.CT lIa co6pAHHe. EBreUII" H HHlla HJJ.jT lIa co6palme.
2. Here comes my bus. 8M HJJ,eT MoA aBTo6yc. 8M lUl.eT HUHa. _ _ _ (E''''HH.). _ _ _ (CTY.ll.CIIT). _ _ _ (CTYHeHTXa). _ _ _ (M6A aDT66yc). _ _ _ (EBreIlHA H Huua). _ _ _ (C'rY.ll.eHT H CTYAeIlTKa).
•
BOT HJl,(IT MO. llBT66yc,
BOT HJJ.er HRna, 8M HJl,eT 8M HJJ,CT B6T HneT BOT UAeT 86T HJl,Yr BOT HAYr
EBreHHA. CTYAeIlT. CTYAeUTka. MoA aBT66yc. EBreHHH H HHlla. CTYAellT H CTYAeIlTKa.
QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
Answer the following questions, using a pronoun and B KJly6 in the answer. TEACHER
SnJDENT
Where's Ihe student going?
He's on his way 10 ,he club.
Kyna Ky.n..3 Kyna Ky.n..3 Ky.aa Kyna
0" HJJ.eT B KJlY6.
16
HJl,eT c:ryJJ,enT? HJJ.jT c:rynellTKa H CTY.ll.euT? lUleT EBreHKH? ItJl;jT HHua H EBreEDdi? H,ller BMlla? HllYr c:ryneHT H c:ry.neHTK:a?
LESSON J
Qmi HJJ,jT B JCJlY6. 611 K,llCT B J(JJY6. OHli "nYr B kJIj6. Qna K,llCT B J(JJY6. OHM HllYr B XJJj6.
DISCUSSION
As you have noticed, the endings of the verb H,a:n1 in the prescnt tense change for each person in the singular and plural. Thus the first person singular is Ii MM, second person singular ThI HJJ.Wn., third person singular OH (or ollli) HJJ.eT, and so forth. The present stem of the verb is H.z:t-, and the stress is on the endings throughout the conjugation. Note that the stem consonant .z:t is hard in the first person singular and third person plural, but is son in all the 01 her fonns. SINGULAR
J 2
3
PLURAL
.....j
rid-ill
II,il-eM
M,lI--ilUb I
[ill-<\'I [iq-ot)
1I,il-Y"r
..........
II,il-<::Te
[ill-<\m J [ill-<\VI lid-uti
This pattern of endings is typical of firs! conjugation verbs with the stress on the endings. There are only two conjugations in Russian; the second will be discussed later. It is important 10 Dote that IlI{Tli means both to be going and to be coming. It describes motion in process and is generally restricted to going on foot.
, II is. convenlioa ill Russian 10 spell the socoud person singular ending wilh a ... even ll'lough the consonanl w cannOI be pron<:ll¥lCCll sort. NOIice abo thai since lbe Ieua i Qb"QY~ carries the SITC$S. it is unnec::e$5ary to mark the S~ funher. USSON
I
17
LESSON
2
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
[Qiyi~iIJ
He BH.Il.en
Bac [vas] .Il.aBHO [davno] ,llaBHo DaC He DHJJ.eJl. BC.o 3HMy [f~u ;pmu] &.0 llhfy RaC He RM.Il.e.JI.
K3K
II.eJl3. [kag \lila] long [il) KHpH.!I.!1 niB..rlOBM'f! Kite ,Il,cmi?
:i
A,
haven't seen, didn't see you (dir obj) for a long time, a long time ago I haven't seen you for a long time. all winter, all winter long I haven't seen you all winter. how is everytbing ah,oh Ah, Kirill Pavlovich! How is everything?
xopowo {x;)raS6) cnacli60 [spa~ioo] XOPOlllo., cnacM60.
well, fine, good thanks, thank you Fine, thanks.
6oJlbHbi: [balni] ew 6wlIl [vi bili] BbI 6wIH GORbIlM. Ji CJlWWaJI Uil sli~l) jl CJlblmaJI, Rbi 6bmH 6oJlbllbi.
sick, ill you were You were sick. I heard I heard you were sick.
3.1l.op6B [zdar6f] Teneph (\jgerl TCnePh li 3.1l.0pOB. enORHe
}')ICe
[fpaIQe]
[uze I
Teneph Ji }')Ke BUORHe 3.1l.0p6B. HO
[no]
na Ida) Ai,
HO TCuepb Ii y»:e 8110.!1..e lllOp08.
ropcooeT [gorsa yet) ropcooeTC (vgorsa yeti I Bb! pa60Taere [vi raoot;)jiti)
B
healthy, well, recovered now
I'm well now. completely, fully, quite already, by now I'm completely well now. (Lil. Now I already completely well.) but yes Yes, but now I'm completely well. (Lit. Yes, bUI now I already completely well.) gorsovel (city council) at the gorsovet you work, you've been working
19
8b1 pa60TaeTe B ropcoBlhe? Bee Cute [f~ ji§Co]
B" Bee ewe paooTaue B ropc:oehe?
Do you work at the gorsovet? still, yet Do you still work at the gorsovet?
j paOOTaIO [if!. rab6bjuJ J],li, li see cute pa66r.uo 8 ropcoBm. TO.C (t6ti] »ceua (~na] .lti, II .eMa TO.e.
I work Yes, I still work at the gorsovet. too, also wife Yes, and my wife [does] too.
aHa pa66TaeT (ana rab6l;)jitJ J],a, H 'lKeHa TO)Ke pa66TaeT. CmdWaTb [sli~\l :lTO let;)) pa.. [,at) Pi.a iTo e.m.auan..
she works Yes, and my wife works too. to hear that, it, this glad Glad to hear it.
)laBHO?
For a long time? [~J
,Qi, c OcetDl.
fall, autumn since autumn, since fall Yes, since fall.
li enemy [ja sRi~uJ Ha aBT66yc [n::mft6bus) .st enewy Ha aBTo6yc. 113BMIII....e, Ii enemj Ma SBT66yc.
I'm hurrying, I'm in a hurry for the bus, to catch a bus I'm in a hurry to catch a bus. Excuse me, I'm in a hurry to catch a bus.
bee•• (0 C 6ceHH
lsO~iQ.i]
npltBCT 1Kene
(Priyed fiQe J
regards to your wife, say hello to your wife Good-bye. [Give my] regards to your wife.
.lto CBIt.ltiHMIl. npM8k *ene. acero xOpOwero [f~ivo cnacM60 [spa~ib::l) CnacWo. 8«n) xop6wero.
xaro~iY.))
good-bye thanks, thank you Thank you. Good-bye.
SUPPLEMENT
My,..:
[mu~l
husband husband and wife you work, you've been working, you're working, you do work where, at what place ' Where do you work. ? I work at the club. they work Where do they work? They work at a plant. we work We work at the post office.
MYJtc H lKena [mu~ i fina) Tbl pa66Taewb [ti rab6l;)ji§)
'"e
[g~eJ
rAe nd pa66TaeWb? - .st pa60TalO B KJIy6e. OHH paOOTaIOT [3.Qi rab6t;)jutJ r.lle OInt pa66TaIOT? - OUM pa66TaIOT ua 3aBO.lle. Mbt pa66raeM (mi rab6l;)jim) Mbt pa66raeM ua D<)'1Te.
I
There arc two words for ...hert in Russian: rAi and I(Y.d.
..:yIl,li 10 "'hOI plou.
Compare with
20
rtti I .. pa60TlIen? Ky.d I" Illlfn? LESSON
2
-
-
r.
HI 31161lt. HI hUll.
means ...htrt in the B ICJTY1le. B ICIJjfi.
5tTlS<:
Iii OO'ITt. HI D60rry.
01 whur plou as opposed to
,lI,aBHo BaC lie BUlleJl
1 haven't seen you for a long time K.n. Ce!>. K.n.
I CCMCII CllHJTHnnoBH'",l BctO 3HMy eac He BUllen.
c.'!>. 2 A,
KHPHnn: naBJIOBH'i UapaUXHH CCMeH <1>H.n1t.nnOBH'I XHTpOB
~irp6n
ftlipic!
r~u ~imu Qiyi~il
vas
!
H
KHpHnJI naBJIOBUtI! KaK nemi?
~iril
paliC) kag \tila)
x~raso
I spa~n)O)!
K.n. 3 Xoporno. cnacu60. oR CJlblWan, Bbl 6WlH 60JlbHhl.
jli sli~l I vi bili balni !
c.'!>.
!la.
dill
Ho renepb Ii YJKC
ja uie
B0011l1e 3,O,0pOB.
fpah;;IlS' zdarM J.
4
K.n. 5 Bbl
c.'!>.
6
Ah, Kirill Pavlovich! 1 How is everything?2 Fine, thanks. I heard you were sick. Yes. But now I'm completely well. 2
Ate you' still working at the gorsovet ?J
BCe ClUe
r~6
pa60Taen BropcoBe-re?
raootaji\i vgorsaye\i!
!la,
diU i :bna toti !
Yes, and my wife is too.
da 1 rat eta slis::l\ ! daVDO t
Is that so? Glad to hear it. For a long time?
so§iQi J. izyiQit i ! ja s~isu n::lafl6bus J.
Since fall. Excuse me, I'm hurrying to catch a bus.
dasyidaQj:;, J. pri yed iiQc !
Good·bye. (Give my] regards to your wife.
spa~ib:}
Thank you. Good·bye. 4
K.n. 7 lIa? Pa.a. :ho
CJTblWaTb.
,llaBHo?
C.11l. 8 C ceeHM. H3nmnfTe, }j enewy H3 3ST66yc.
9 Ao
cBHllaHHSI:.
npHBb :lKeHc.
c.eJ>. 10 Cnac»60. Bcero xopOlllero.
NOTES
no ~ger I
vi
II lKeHa TO:lKC.
K.n.
Semyon Filipovich! I I haven't seen you all winter.
jisco
f~iv6
J. xarosiv;) !
I Adult Russians commonly address each other by the first Dame and a middle name derived from the father's first name. naBJIOBH'i and CbHJlltDDOBH'i are middle names, or patronymics, formed by adding the suffix -OBIPI to tbe stem of first names naDM Paul and CbHJlliJlII Philip. Daughters of naDM and CbHJUilln have patronymics nliBJIOBI13 and CbHJllillllOBH3 respectively. with the feminine suffix
LESSON
2
21
-08Ha. Ir the rather's first name ends in -H, the patronymic suffix is spelled -eBH"t (for the son) and -eBNa (for the daughter). FATHER'S FlRST NAME
HHKOJl3.H EBreHi-IH Halm KHPH.mJ CeMeH
Nicholas Eugene John Cyril Simon
SON'S PATRONYMIC
DAUGHTER'S PATRONYMIC
HHKOJl3.CSII'l' Esrel-ll1eSH'I l1aauoBH'I KHpUJlJlOBH'I CeMeHOBH'I
HIIKonaeBHa EBreHHeBHa. I1BaHoBlia KHPHJlJlOBlla CeMelloBHa
Patronymics are usually shortened in speech, for example: CCMeti ¢lKJ1IfIlDOBH't is usually pronounced hirp6n (ilipiC); KHpLrL'l niaJlOBH"t [~paliC); HHaa CCMeHOSH3 (~n~ ~i1Jl6nn~]. Observe that the present tense forms of the verb to be (corresponding to English am, is, are) arc usually not expressed in Russian: 1
KAx .nena? ..sf BIlOJlHC 3.nOpOB.
How is everything? (Lit. How things?) I'm completely well. (Lit. I completely welL)
ropcoBiT (short for ropo1lcK6ii cosh) means city council and includes aU of the administrative offices necessa.ry to run a city. J
4 Beero xOpOUiero and 110 CBHlIli.HHK are used marc or less interchangeably in saying good-bye. Note that both Been) and xOpOwero spell their last consonant with a ,. but pronounce it [vJ: [r~iv6 xar6~iy,)J. This pronunciation of r as [vJ is regular for adjective and pronoun endings spelled -oro and -ero.
Basic sentence patterns I. r.ne rn pa66Taewb? - ..sf pa6oTalO B rop:;oBere. _____ B
KJlY6e.
______ Ha 3aBO.ne. _ _ _ _ _ _ Ha n6'1TC.
Where do you work? I work at the gorsovet. _ _ al the club. ___ in a plant. ___ at the post office.
2. Tb.i .naSHO TaM pa66Taewb? - )la, .na8HO. - .l.(a, YJKe .naBHO. - )la, c OceHH. - ,na, H )l(eHa TO)l(e. - ,na, H My)l( TO)l(e.
Have you been working there long? Yes, J have. Yes, for a long time now. Yes, since fall. Yes, and my wife too. Yes, and my husband too.
3. ..sf BCIO 3"My sac He BH.AeJl. 1 ~ .nasltO sac Ite BH.D.en. ..sf s':Iepa sac He 8w.a.en. - ..sf TOJKe sac He BH.nen.
I haven't seen you all winter. I haven't seen you in a long time. I didn't see you yesterday. I didn't see you either.
I Tn.:, past lense (onn .i.!tM is u$Cd only wben the subject is masculine. II is replaced by."!ttJUl when the subjtt1 is feminine: J1: acID :JUly de He UnCJl8.. J1: ,UIlHO de lie Il~. J1: I I . Ilk IlC UnCJfIl. JI T6lft de "e ....... M •.
22
LESSON 2
4. I1JBHHHTe. R enemy. >l: enewy Ila 3BT66yc. ~_ _ Ha Ja80D.. ~ Ha nO'iTY. _ _ _ 8lU!Y6. _ _ _ B ropco&e"r. ____ D.OMO".
E",cuse mc, I'm in a hurry. I'm hurrying to the bus. _ _ _ _ _ to the plant. _ _ _ _ _ to tbe post office. _ _ _ _ _ to tbe club. _ _ _ _ _ to the gorsovcl. _ _ _ _ home.
Correspondence between cyrillic vowel letters and the vowel sounds The Russian vowel letters have already been discussed, particularly with reference to their functions as indicators of softness or hardness of the preceding consonant. We bave also discussed the particular function of the soft-series vowel letters, ii, e, M. e, to, as indicators of the presence of a preceding UJ sound under certain conditions. Ln the following paragraphs the Cyrillic vowel leiters will be presented, with examples of their occurrence in both stressed and unstressed syllables. Observe carefully the correspondence between the Cyrillic vowel leiters and their sound values, noting particularly that the position of a vowel in relation to the stressed syllable often determines its sound value. A. The Cyrillic letters Hand bI have appro",imately the same vowel sound in unstressed syllables as in stressed syllables, [i) and [iJ respectively. Except for w, *, and Q, all consonants before Mare pronounced soft; all consonants before bI are pronounced hard.
Kn"
[iii!
0'
BbicOKHM
HMeTb JIlOD.II MHIIjTa
[""ell
to possess people minute you
116BblH
,,;,
Ilu~i] [J11inut~l
[Ii]
6bln3.
[v;s6lpj] [n6vij] [bila]
high new was
B. The Cyrillic letters K) and y have the same vowel sound in unstressed syllables as in stressed syllables: [u]. At the beginning of a word and after 'b, b, or a vowel, however, the letter 10 is pronounced Uu]. Consonants preceding 10 are always pronounced soft; except for .. and lIl, all consonants before yare pronounced hard. ~
ymma MUHyC D.pyroj:j py6mt n"IDYl" JByK
yKCyC YlOTHO M6pK> m061tTb
[uliQ] [J11inusJ
[drug6j] [rubiiJ LRi~ut)
[zvukJ [uksus] [ujutn:)] [m6 ru ] Ilul>i\l
street minus other rubles they write sound vinegar
rOBOptO 3H3.K> nbtOT
00",
[gov'ro! [maju)
IJ!iUI] Uug.]
I speak I know they drink of the south
co'y to the sea lo love LESSON 2
23
C. The Cyrillic letter e occurs only in stressed syllables and is consistently pronounced with the vowel sound (0). At the beginning of a word and afler I., h, or a vowel, the letter e is pronounced Uo]. Except for w and *, consonants preceding e are pronounced soft.
He<:
[QasJ
TeMHblH Hj],eT
[\6mnij]
[i(lat]
he was carrying dark he's going
enKa npllCM nbeT
Oal><.) [ppjam) !Riat)
spruce reception he drinks
Note: In our text e will be consistently written with two dots to keep it distinct from e. Except In textbooks and dictionaries, Russians do not normally make a distinction between e and e in writing.
D. The Cyrillic leller 0 has the sound value (0] only in stressed syllables. In the syllable immediately before the stress and at the very beginning of a word it is pronounced [a]. In aU other positions the Cyrillic leller 0 is pronounced [~J. Except for. and w, consonants before 0 are aJways pronounced hard. 060POT xopowo ropoJJ.oK
[abarot] [g;)rad6k]
turn good small town
onoao
[ol~v)]
tin
Monok6 TOnl>kO
[m:>Jak6)
[talk.)
milk only
[x;)ra~oJ
ouo Bonp6c
[anaJ [vapr6s]
it . question
E. The Cyrillic Jetter e has the sound (e] only in stressed syllables. In other positions it is pronounced as [i), varying in value from the sound of the Englisb e in emit or react to a shorter, more obscure sound as in the first syllable of dispatch. In certain grammatical endings it is pronounced by some speakers as short [i] and by others as [::I], for example, nOlle £p6li] or [p6t::l). Remember that at the beginning of a word, or following I., h, or a vowel, the letter e is pronounced with a preceding UJ sound. Except for w, *, and .., consonants before e are pronounced soft. '{eJ]OselC
Moe" Jleno Tenepb nepcBeJlHTe MeHI1 Ocn" eme
[Cilayek)
GOnce
lb6lijiJ
more
[majej)
petron my
~nH
[(lel'l
business
oTbt3J1l1
[sjeli] [atjezcb]
'1be"
[cjej)
they ate up of the departure whose
l\iRtr1
now
[gipyi(li\i)
translate
['l'iQa]
me
OtsliJ Oi!C6)
if yet, still
F. The Cyrillic lelter:J occurs chiefly in words of non-Russian origin and almost always at the beginning of a word. When stressed it has the sound value [e]; when unstressed it is heard as [I). 3TO 3TH
let;)]
«\i)
this these
,xo
[ex~J
echo
3K3aMeil )JleMeIJT
[igzaftlin] [iliTJIent]
examination element
3HeprHjI :Ha»eH
(iQ.ergij;))
[ita1iJ
energy floors
Some Russian speakers, however, tend to pronounce ') as Ie) wherever it occurs, for example, :Jri. [etM] or fir-at}.
14
LfSSON2
G. The Cyrillic letter H has the vowel sound la] in stressed syllables and the vowel sound Ii] in unstressed syllables excepl for certain endings, where it has the value (;)]. Consonants preceding 11 are always pronounced soft. At Ihe beginning of a word and after b, "b. or a vowel, the leiter A is pronounced with a preceding U] sound. min nonJi MellJi MOpJi IIJlni rnA,lteTh
;
lRall [P*I ['l'iQaI [maral lRili) [glillerl Oal
five fields
JiCHO RnTa
Ua!t;)]
Uasn;)]
me
113b1K
OUikl
clearly Valla language
seas
five to gaze I
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
The present tense of the first conjugation verb pa60TaTb
Ji pa66mlO ThI: pa66TaeWb (m paoomeT OHa pa66meT Mbi' pa66TaeM Ubi pa66TaeTc OHii pa66TaIOT
•
I work, I'm working, I've been working you work, you're working, you've been working he works she works we work you work they work
REPETITION DRILL
Listcn to your instructor (or the tape) and repeat the abovc pronoun-verb model unlil you can say it perfcctly.
•
REPETITION-SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
Repeat after your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can, imitating both the individual words and the sentence intonation. Then, on hearing only the subject cue, give the full sentence. TEACHER
STUDENT
I. fm working noll'.
I'm working now. A Tenepb paooTaJO. 011I11 Tenepb paOOTllJOT. Tbi' Tenepb paoomewb. 8b! Tenepb paooTaeTe. M WTenepb paoomcM. OH -renepb pa66TaCT. OHa Tenepb pa66TaeT.
R Tenepb pa66TaJO. QHM TenCpb paOOTaJOT.
Tw Tenepb paooTacwb. Rbi' Tencpb pa66TaeTe. Mbi' Tencpb pa66TacM. OH Tcnepb pa60TaeT. Olla Tem!ipb pa6oTaeT.
LESSON 2
25
2. Il'I'ork roo, ..sf TOlKC pa66TafO. Obi TOJKC pa6onurrc. Tbi TOJKC pa60Taewb. )f(ena TOJKC pa60TaeT. Omi TO"'C pa60TaeT. My,.: TOlKC pa66TaeT. On TOJKe pa66TaeT. Mb.i TOJKC pa66TaCM. OHM TOJK:C pa66TaJOT.
•
I work too, A TOloKC paooTslO. B';' TO»:C paooTaeTe. Tbi To"'e pa60TaClUh. )Kena TOJKC paOOTaeT. OHa TOJKC pa66TaeT. MY»c TO*C paOOTaeT. On TO.C paOOTaeT. M';' TOJKC paOOTaCM. On" To:ce paOOTaJOT.
QUESTION·ANSWER DRILLS
Answcr the qucstions in the negativc according to the models givcn. TEACHER
STUDENT
Do you work? Thl pa66Tacllih? Dhl pa66TacTc? )KCHa pa66TacT? My,.: paOOTaCT? 011" paOOTaJOT? OHa pa60TaCT? Ou paOOT3CT?
No, I don·t. He'r, lie pa60·I'alO. He-r. IIC pa60TalO. HeT, lie pa60TaCT. HeT, He paOOTaeT. HeT. HC paooTalOT. Her, He paooTaeT. HeT, HC pa6oTacT.
Using
Kll
nO"fTc. answer with both short and rull answers according to the models givcn.
Where do you .....ork? Where do you 'work? r.l{e Obi paOOTaeTe? rne 8b1 pa66TacTe? rne OHa paocnacT? Cae OHa pa66Taer? r.ae Thl pa66Taewb? r.ae TbI pa66Taewb? r.ae OH" pa66TafOT? r.ae OU" pa6oTafOT? rJIC OH pa6oTacT? rll,e OH pa66TacT? • SUBSTITUTION
DRILL
He's been working there for a long time. On naSHO riM paOOTaCT. )Kena naSRO TaM pa66TaCl. (ESreHII") _ (HHua) _ (Oua) _ (CeMeH) _ (Ou,,) _ (Kllpllrtn H CeMeH) _ (My,.J _ 26
LESSON 2
At the post office. We .....ork at the post office. Ha no-rre. Mw PSOOTaeM as nOorre. Ha nO'fTe. OHa pa60TaeT Ha nO'fTe. Ha nO'fTe. ..sf pa60TaJO na nO'fTe. Ha nO'fTe. Omi pa6oTalOT Ha nO'ITc. Ha nO'ITc. all pa66TaCT ua nO'lTC,
He's been working there for a long time. DM AaBHO TaM paOOnCT. )Ke.ui Jl8SHO TiM pa6lrraer. ESreH"" .aaOHO raM paOOTaCT. H"na )laOHO niM paOOTaCT. OHa ,naSHO TaM: pa66TaeT. CCMeH ,nasnD T3.M paooraer. Olli, .naSHO TaM paOOTaIOT. KHPK.rm 1.1 CeMeH A3SflO TaM paOOTaJOT. MYJK naBHO TaM paOOraCT.
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL Following Ihe models, give both shorl and full answers. TEACHER
S1lJDENT
Ha)'e you been working at the club long? Have you been 'Working at the club long? Bbi .naallo pa60Taere B KJlj6e?
Yes, for a long time, since fall. Yes, Fve been working there sincefall. lli, JJ.aBHo., c OceHK. Ali. Ii paOOTatO TiM c 0ceI1H.
8WltaBHO pa66T'.teTe B XJlj6e? Oil ,naBllo pa66TaeT B xnj6e? Oil ,naallO pa66TaeT B xnj6e? dm! ,naallo pa60TaloT B ICJly6e? OHM J.taBIlO pa60TaK>T B ICny6e? OHa J.taBIIO pa60TaeT a ICny6e? Olla naBHb pa66TaeT a KJly6e? KHpiUrn ,nullb pa66TaeT B xJIj6e? KllpiUrn ltaBllb paOOTaeT B KJly6e? Tt:.! naBHO pa60TaellIh B KJJj6e? TbI: ltaBHb pa66Taelllh B KJly6e?
JIa, ,naBIIO, C 6ceHH. .D.a, Oil pa60TaeT TAM C 6ce1l1l. Aft, ltaBH6, c bcelm. ,Qfl. OHl-l pa60nUOT TaM C OceHIl. .!l.fl, .lla8110, c OceHH. .!l.fl, olla paOOTaeT TaM c OceHH. Aa, ,naBuo, c OceHH. ,[la, ou pa66TaeT TAM C OceHH. JU, .naBHO. c OceHH. Aa, R pa66TaK> raM c OceHH.
DISCUSSION
Like tmTH, the verb pa6ch8'rL belongs to the first conjugation. It differs from tmTH in thaI its present stem appears to end in a vowel (pa60Ta-), whereas that or tmnt ends in a consonant (Il)t,-). This is only a convention of the writing system, however, since the actual present stem of pa60ntTb ends in the consonant sound [j). As we know, when [j) occurs between vowels it is expressed through the "sort-series" vowel letters which follow. Thus we may contrast the written stem and endings in the chart below with those of the transcription, which show the real division of stem and ending.
WRrrrEN FORMS STEM
SINGUlAR
I
2 3 PLURAL
I
2 3
TRANSCRJ PTI0N
paooTa-
rab6I~j-
pa6c)-ra-1O -elUb
rab6I:>j-u -i§ -it
-eT -eM -ere ->aT
-om
-iti
-u.
It is only in the imperative forms that tbe UJ or the stem is written with a separate leiter i: paoonii (paooTaH-re)! work! PaOOTaTb is typical of the "j-stem" verbs in that it has a fixed stress which falls on the same syllable of the stem in aU forms.
LESSON 2
27
The Russian handwriting system A. The alphabet PRINTED
WRrrrEN
A a -----!;JL"-'L---'Cl/"""---_
I> 6
----"ffi=---"'--d_ -----"",$,----.-".-t_
PRINTED
WRlTTEN
I'RINTED
_JJLX-"'---'K-"'----_
x
_-"~'-"---"vV"'___
L\ n
M ..
_--,af?&="--,,vU.-=_
'I •
K
K
JI
JJ
X
WRITrb'N
_-""X""--,,X,,-_
UY;
B
B
r
r~r~'V~~
H
H
_-"Ji'-"--'-rG-""---_
1II m _-'LYt"",-""UV"--.
)l,
n
-----L~_';fy'----".'iJ,,---
o
0
_-"0'------"17'-----_
U\ m
E e
-----"G"----'€/"'---~
n
n
_o'f(;"--",-v--,-~-,,,-_
b
11 e -----'~"'--'e--"-----~
p
JK '"
---"JfC"-"----"'=-""'--_
~qlLP----1-'!'V"--- C e.c c
3
3
---z-:3--;1,f---'L-3_
T
T
11
H
_U-""----"'Ck"---_
P
iii
"--'U"-"----"'u:"----_
"
bILI
h
b
_oJi(",-,-,/ V'----'-I1"-'=_
3
3
y y
--------":!1"-----'fi<--
10
10
oj>
----""jJ~1J'----
» •
v
-m-"-,+--,,,"iI_ =_ ----',,'---_
_""'-3-----".3~_
_-,Jf),,--,,---,-/~~_ _-"Jl""--'..>l/""---_
B. Reading practice Conversations from Lessons I and 2 are given below in handwritten ronn as an introduction Lo the handwriting system. Now that you are familiar with the conversations, you should have no real difficulty reading them. Refer to the printed versions if necessary.
28
LfSSON 2
~-a4w-~~ ~. ~ fP~ / ~ J«'M1f fa.e- 1«- ~. -.Il, ~ :f(;J,~/Xu:- r?-~~ ~,
~,~
~ . .JCo. ~
"'~~.-~tc£~~t~~? Jt-
k:.AM<&V? -
-~_ «.- ~ ~. _c;a"",? ~
-e acu=. +«MJ<.
~,
! .r~
~
Jt-
:J>CU
9fflq
+<4-
~ . ~~?
ak+- -%-~-
~. ~ ~ /
C. How the letters llrc formed 1. SMALL i.ElTERS
0
a
0'
6
Il
d
J-
f
G<{J I
y
~
H
jj
IN
W
,
3
The first three lettcrs are formed in practically the same way as in English. The leuen 6 and. begin the same way as o. In 6, a vertical line then goes upward and curves at the top to tbe right. In .,., after the first circle, a straight vertical stroke goes downward and then back up along the same line, returning to the initial point and continuing up and clockwise to form another circle. The letters y and M are formed like the English handwritten y and u; ii is the same as M, but with the addition of a short half circle above. (Write it immediately lest you forget.)
"
~
IU
IU
1M..
~
The leiter II is also written like N, except thai it ends in a small loop below the line. Handwritten wand w consist of three vertical lines of equal height with a final drop to the line (unlike the English written w). The UJ has a small tail loop like 1(. LESSON 2
29
Make a small figure 6 to form the sort sign. The wriuen hi starts with the same downstroke and loop as b, swings up to a sharp peak. goes down again. and then curves to the right. Both letters are shon compared with the handwritten B.
bI
b
,
3
~
7
The first letter is written like onc variant of the English handwritten r. The second is similar, but ends in a small circle, resembling a combination of "t and b. (Some Russians replace 1. with an apostrophe.) The third differs from the first in that it does not have the short horizontal line at the (OP, but is rounded.
n
•
M
& ,
>-
:t
n
3
These three leiters begin with a small hook slightly above the line (remember this when joining these leiters 10 others). To form iii, begin with the same upward stroke as in 11 and /lI. Then make a small counterclockwise circle at the top, returning to the same point and ending in a line down (Sf looks like JI with a small loop to the left oC its top). Do not make the Russian JI as tall as an English I. The first two letters. D and T. arc Cormed much like the English handwriuen nand m. The Russian to is written like tbe printed English k; it is never tall with a loop as in the English
K
written k (Ie not , ...
"
10
,
,I.
'"
30
LESSON 2
3
3
Iu.
For II, start Crom the top down, then go back halCway up the same line, turning to the right and upward, then finally coming back down to the line. To fonn fO, Collow the directions Cor II, but continue the last stroke back upward to Corm a circle.
For handwritten 3, begin at the top and make a balf circle clockwise, then cui il in half by a small horizontal line. For :4>:. start al the top and makc the same halC circle, then slant back up 10 the right, then straight down and again up to the right; finish with anothcr halC circle (like the English writtcn c) going in the opposite direction.
e
8
l!-
£ c
p
Jp}
cr
I
These lellers are all formed much the same way as in English. The letter e must be written
J
0
~(ne\ler
x
f(P)·II c
-'-); the Ictter
B
must be wrillen tall
and kept distinct from .. <.tversuskJ.
(XI7
:x.
NOle: Russians do nol print words, even when they fill oul official forms by hand .
•
HANDWRITING DRILL
Practice copying the small leiters above until you can write them easily and accurately.
2.
CAPITAL LEITERS!
A
B
K
iJ.
These arc similar to the English letters with corresponding shapes.
o.IL
:B
H
0
C
;X
()
e.-
X
lK
11
ft
JI
M
;)J(
U
11.
JL,
~
III
ll\
L\
3
1JL
~
U
;)
r
n
Ii
[J
X
9J
oX X
10
s;- iP d {cj5J
These are the same as their corresponding small letters but taller and larger.
JI
;}{/ a.. All four letters start with a basic line that curves downward, turning to the left. The fourth letter differs from the others only in that it starts with a small flourish at the lOp. The same stroke in the first, second, and third is the curved line from left to right that caps each leiter. The second has another downward stroke, ending toward the right before the cap is added. The third letter has as its third stroke a large loop at the bottom (like a closed, looped 6gure 2). The fourth has two loops on either side of the down stroke which resemble a figure 8 on its side.
, Russian capital letters are used only al lhe beginning of the sentence, in proper names, and in the first word of a tilk. Russians do nOi capitalitt the names of months, nationalities, centuries, professions, or ranks; nor do lbey capitalize the personal pronoun Ii within a sentence.
LESSON 2
31
Certain varieties of the English written capital £ are acceptable. Start outside and make the small top loop; the bottom half circle must be larger than the upper onc. For If, begin with an upward, clockwise curve, then make a downward, "u-shaped" curve. slanting back and down, finally curving to the right on the line. Capital Y is like the preceding Ictter, except that the curved downward stroke goes to the left. Unlike its small counterpart, capital Y starts high above the base line and mllst not extend below the line.
E
~ q
~
t·G,
y
ZJ •
Y •
HANDWRITING DRILL
Practice copying the capilal leiters until you can write them easily and accurately.
D. Summary remarks on the handwriting system
I. All Russian capital letters except m and U have their base on the line and extend above it; Wand U. each has a small loop which extends below the linc.
2. Small handwriuen letters are of two types: long and short. a. Long lellers
Three long letters have their base on the line and extend above it.
t d
,ndd
Five long letters have their base on thc line and extcnd below it.
b. Shori letters All the remaining letters are of the same height and are wrincn on the line except wand each of which has a short loop below the line.
d
7J
II,
3. Most Ictters are joined together in writing; however, and are usually not connected to the following leher. ---
32
LESSON 2
4. The IClIers 1, A, p. r. :lIld x, may be handwrillcn in two ways.
rr,7
'}. 3
10. IV
The first variant in each pair is the one used more frequently. Some Russians draw a horizontal linc above
+n..-.
and below Ut.- to make these letters stand out better. The student is advised to use
the first variant of
•
+n...-
be:::-he cannot substitute the usual English written tfor Russian-{-.
COPYING AND HANDWRiTiNG PRACTICE
J. Copy the handwritten versions of the first two conversations, ~ing careful to observe tbe connections of the letters. 2. Return to the first two conversations in printed form and copy each in handwriting.
SyUabification of words in Russian 80th in pronouncing words by syllable and in dividing them at the end. of a written line, there are certain important principles that should be followed. In pronunciation, the basic pallern is to end a syllable with a vowel wherever possible. cna--cH-60 pa-66-Ta-e-Te IUl--cbM6 CKa-)I(H-TC no-BTo-pH-Te
[spa-~i-ooJ
[ra-b6-ta-ji-ti] l!l;-lm6] [ska-fHi] [p....fta-r>-\;)
thanks [you] work letter tell [me)! say! repeat!
Consonant clusters beginning with p, n, H, and" are usually divided after these consonants. Final consonants are, of course, treated as part of the syllable which they end.
Ka-paH-,nalli 'ut-tiH-re nOJJ-ka 'j-HI+--BCp-cH-Ter
[Krran-dM] [c;.-taH;) [p6l-k,)
pencil read! shelf [u-Qi-yir,i--v~t) university
In dividing wriuen words at the end of a line, these same general rules apply, but there is slightly more leeway in the division f)f clusters of consonants. For example, cecrpa may be divided ce-cTp:i (as in pronunciation), cec-T]ta, or cecr-pi. Doubled letters are always divided when carried over to the next line, for example, AH-aa and ooA-AiT... Single letters are never left at the end of onc line or at the beginning of the next. LESSON
2
33
LESSON
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
J1y'lwe 00311110
[hic~i)
never
IIHKOr,na
Ry'llUC n03JJ.HO, 'IeM IIHKOflla. 3,llpaoCTByiiTe [zdraSluHi]'
Jle.,
311pauCTByiiTe!
Rbi CneWHTe [vi KyAi. 0':' coeuofyc?
n031lUO, '1fM HHKOr;:l,a
better late than
(p6zn~]
[cern) [Qikagda]
'1CM
JIY'Iwe
SRi~itil
IUt.li'{i~itetJ
Better late than never. hello Hello. Lev! you're hurrying Where afC you hurrying to?
B yHHOepcHTCT, U3 KOiluepr.
university to the university I'm hurrying to the university. concert to a concert To the university, to a concert.
.R enemy
I'm hurrying to the university,
}'lIllOCpcHTCT
B ytlHaepcHTe-r ~ cnewy
[vuQiyir~i\et]
B YHHBePCItTeT.
[kancert J
KOHuepT
H3 KOHuc!:pr
[n:Jkancert}
B ytlIlOCpcMTCT,
3
lIa KOIIU:(:PT.
to a concert. IlllTepeCHO
that's interesting
6ecIlJlaTHo
r",.,
HKTcpeclto.
[intiresn:>] f9isplatn:>] 3m 6ecnmlTHo?
[pajVJ [Obi] xOTIhe [vi xaVtiJ XOTiiTe nom? 1I0HTI-l
YAoB6nbC"nme C YJlOBOnbCTBHeM!
(udav6lstyij~1
[sudav6tst yij:)m I
That's interesting. Is it free? to go you want
Do you want to go? pleasure With pleasure! or I'd Jove to!
, l~)"iTe is simplJliod In pronunciation to something that rangd from (zdrastuWlto Inlrf,~HiJ. dependmg on the tempo of speech and the informality of the speaker. Note also that ..ol!UlO is pronouna:d without lI. : [p6zmJ. Oustet'$ of three or more oon50nants are usually simplified. and Jl and T lire usually omitted between COlllOnan\$ except lit the: beginning of a word: lIpil!lHMl<: Iplf,~,kJ holiday.
35
Db! .aenacTe [vi \Iel;)jiti] 'fTO [SIO) 4TO Db!: .aenaeTe? KCraTH [kst3.ti) Kcd:TM, 'ITO 8W Tenepb ne..lJane l' na60paTopHSI (Iaooratopj;)] D na60paTopHH [vl;)ooratorijiJ
A pa66TalO
8 na60paTopHH.
[tak
13K CKy'lHO
TaM Tal'
sku~n;)J I
CKfllHn.
DOCTYIlaiiTe
yllHBepcHTCT (JxlsIUpaW VUlJi yir~itet] TaK [t;)k] Tal' flOCTYUaiiTe
D
B
yHHBepclITiT.
laboratory in a laboratory I work in a laboratory. [it's] so dull, [it's] It's so boring there.
SO
boring
enroll at the university! enter the univer· sity! in that case, then Then enroll at the university. You can't mean it! or You're oat serious!
lInl DW! Y)Ke 0(3)),HO [u:fe Mite [mQc] Mue YJKC n03JJ.Ho.
you're doing what What are you doing? by the way, incidentally By the way, what are you doing now?
pozm~ ]
Mue Tenepb yJto.-e Deh/lHo.
it's already late, it's too late for me, to me It's too late for me. It's too late for me now.
rOBOpn [t-lvaratJ [BW] 3UaeTe [vi znaji\i) 3HaeTe, rQBoph... [znajiti g:'lvarat] 3Uline, r080JHiT: uJ1yllwe u03A1ln, llhot lIHKOI·,/.ui".
they say, people say you know you know [what] they say ... You know [what] they say: "Better late than never:'
SUPPLEMENT
palla Eme pallO. 33.IUlT (m) 3allrn (f) 33.IUlTbi (pi) BbI: 33.HJlTbl? - ,[I,a, Ii 3aHSIT (or laIlSITa).
'laC,.o
.st
'faCTO pa6oTalo D na60paT6pl1H. pe,QKO
.st .st Ii
pe./l.KO pa66T3.1O D na60paTopHH. HHor,na HHOOta pa66T3.lO D na60paTopHH. IlHKOr,lta ne HHKor,na He pa66TaJO D na60paTopHH.
early It's early yet or It's too early. he's busy, occupied, tied up she's busy, occupied, tied up we're busy, occupied, tied up Are you busy? Yes, I am. often I often work in the laboratory. rarely, seldom I rarely work in the laboratory. sometimes I sometimes work in the laboratory. never I never work in the laboratory.
ADDITIONAL CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS
OTseq,Hhe latyicajti] or OTUeTbTe [atyeni ] OTlipOihe KtIHrH. (alkrojti KQigi)
answer! Open your books.
, cq-'IIIO IS pronounced [slni~n;)] by some spc;lken. jskutn;)] by others.
36
LESSON 3
'3uKpo'nTe Klllint. npaBIUlbiiO
[zakroj\i
k~ligil
Close your books. right, that's right wrong, that's wrong
[pra Yiln;) J
lIenpaBHnbBo [Qipra yiin;)] rocnomiH [g:>spaQin} rocnmd [g~spazaJ rOCl'lo.na [g;:Jspada 1 laKpOHTe KIlHrl1, rocno.na. Obi: nOIUlMaeTe? (vi IX'Qimajiti] ~
If
nOIlHM{uO.
Me. Miss, Mrs. ladies and gentlemen, everybody, everyone Close your books, everyone. Do you understand '1 I understand.
Un IX'Qimaju)
JI yqrne m>J.llHO, qeM HOKOr.lla Beller late than never Jl. -JICB
M.-MHna
M.
JI.
fleB, 3,ll,paBCTByHTe! Ky.ua ObI CneWHTe?
2 B yllH6CpcilTb, Ha KOHUCpT.
M. 3 HHTepeeHO. 31'0 6ecnllaTllo?
JI.
4
.lIa. XOTHTe nOHnt?
Iff!
Hello Lev. Where are you hurrying to?
vUQiYiI1itet 1
To the university, to a concert.
zdrastujti 1 kuda vi SRisiti 1 n~kancert
1
t
in\iresn~ et~ l?ispltHn~
diij xati\i pajti
That's interesting. Is it free?
t Yes. Do you want to gO?1
t
M. 5 C y,uoaollbcTBHCM!
sudavolstyij~rn
JI.
kstii\i ! sto vi tiger
6 KCT3.TH, 'ITO Dbl Tenepb ,Ll,enaeTe?
M. 7 Pa60Talo B na60paTOp"H. TaM 1'3.K CKY'H10!
JI.
g TaK nocTymHiTe
M. 9
~eloji\i
1
I'd love to 1 By the way, what are you doing now?2
!
rabot~ju
vl~ooratoriji 1
I work in a laboratory. It's so dull there!
tam tfik skusn::ll Enroll at the university then. J
B yHHOepcHTeT.
t::lk PQstupajti vuQ-iyiqitet 1
41'0 abl! MHe Tenepb p
5tO vi! mQ-e tiger uze pozn;) 1
You're not serious! It's too late for me now.
znajiti 1
You know what they say: "Better late than never."
JI. 10 3HaeTC, rOBoph: ttfly'lwe n03AHo, '1eM HHKorAa».
~vara(
I
t
lucsi pOzn::l cern Q.ikagd1i 1 LESSON 3
37
, Verbs in Russian almost always come in pairs called "imperfective" and ·'perfectivc.·' noiini is the perfective member of the imperfective-perfective pair of verbs HllTH and noiint. The imperfective member of the verbal pair usually describes an action viewed as a process (HATli to be going); the perfective usually describes an action in terms of its accomplishment or result (nom to go). Verbal pairs usually have the same root, but differ in their prefix or in their stem. The system of paired verbs is called "aspect," and the choice of which verb to use-imperfective or perfective-depends on how the Russian speaker views the action. In these early lessons, the student will encounter verbs of both aspects and will practice them as he meets them, without being expected to know both members of a particular pair or how one is formed in relation to the other.
NOTES
J
Russian adverbs. unlike those in English, are usually placed before the verb: 4TO 8M Tcnepb ,ll,e.naeTe? B'fcpa 6W110 c06p{uHte? Jj nl.\t He 6b1J1.
What are you doing now? Was there a meeting yesterday? I wasn't there.
It is also normal to place direct object pronouns before the verb.
uae
Jj BOO 3ilMy lie BH./te11. Jj llalmO He Billle11.
sae
Pan. iTO CJlblwan..
I haven't seen you all winter.
I haven't seen yOIl in a long time. Glad to hear it.
) The stressed word Tit.: in TiK cKj'fHO means so and differs from the un· stressed TaK [bk] in TaK oocrynaiiTc B )lIHsepetrreT, which means then, ill rhat case.
Basic sentence patterns I. KYl1a Tbl cnewHwb? - B YIU18epcI1Tth.
-
8 "11Y6. Ha co6piIrne. Ha nO'fTY. Ha KOHUepT. Ha yp6K. Ha ypOK neHHjI. Ha aBT66yc. Ha 3aJlo.n. AOMOi!.
2. KYl1a Bbl cncuuhe? - Jj cnemy B IUIY6. _ _ _ _ B YJlHBepcHTb". _ _ _ _ Ha co6pimtc. _ _ _ _ Ha no'lT)'. _ _ _ _ lIa ypOK. _____ lJa ypOK nblilH. __~__ Ha aBT66yc. _____ lIa 33BOJJ,. _____ AOMOH. 38
LESSON 3
Where are you hurrying to? To the university. To the club. To a meeting. To the post office. To a concert. To class. To a singing class. To the bus. To the plant. Home. Where are you hurrying to? I'm hurrying to the club. _ _ _ _ _ to the university. _ _ _ _ _ 10 the meeting. _ _ _ _ _ to the post office. _ _ _ _ _ to class. _ _ _ _ _ lO a singing class. _ _ _ _ _ to the bus. _ _ _ _ _ to the plant. _ _ _ _ home.
3. XOTIhe nouni Ha KOIIUepT? _ _ _ _ _ _ Ha c06pflHHe? _ _ _ _ _ _ ua nO'fTy? _ _ _ _ _ B KJly6? _ _ _ _ _ _ B )'HHBepcHTeT? _ _ _ _ _ _ B)'HHBePCHTeT, Ha KOHUCpT?
Wanl 10 go to the _______ _______ ______ ________ ________
4. XoniTe nouru B KJly6?
Want to go to the club? I'd love 10. Yes, I haven'l been there for a long time. Yes, _
--c y~oB6~bCTBHeM.
-- Lla . .st ~aBH6 TaM He 6hl~. -- )lao .st ~aBH6 TaM He 6hl~a.1 -- HC"r, Ii 3amrr. -- Hch, Ii 3amrra. 1 -- He-r, Ii )')ICe TaM 6blJl. -- HeT, Ji )')ICe TaM 6blmL I -- Hh, TaM TaK CKy'lHO. - H&r, )')ICe m')3,IJ,HO. - HeT, ell.le paHO.
5. tho Bbl Tenepb .QenaeTe? - Pa6oTalO B na60paT6pHH. _ _ _ _ _ Ha 3aBO.ne. _ _ _ _ B KnY6e. _ _ _ _ _ B rOpcOBere. _ _ _ _ _ a yUHBepcJ.:l.TeTe. _ _ _ _ _ Ha nO'fTe.
6. Kymi cneWHT flea, Ha 3aBo.n? - HeT, 113 coGpau"e. - HeT, ua yp6K neHlIR. KY.ll.a cneW:lT HUlla H KHpH.nn? - Omi cnewaT a KJlY6. - Omi cnewa-r a na60paTopmo. KY.ll.3 Bbl CneUlHTe, EartH"u? - R cnemy B yllilBepcHTeT. - R cnemy Ha KOHUepT.
concert? to the meeting? to the post office? to the club? to the university? to the university, to
a concert?
No, I'm busy. No, _ No, I was already there. No, _ No, it's so boring there. No, it's [too] late. No, it's still early. What do you do now? I work in a laboratory. _ _ at the plant. ___ at the club. ___ at the gorsovet. ___ at the university. _ _ at the post office. Where's Lev hurrying to, the plant? No, to a meeting. No, to a singing lesson. Where are Nina and Kirill hurrying to? They're hurrying to the club. They're hurrying to the laboratory. Where are you hurrying to, Evgeny? I'm hurrying 10 the university. I'm hurrying to a concert.
The alternation of voiced and voiceless consonants Besides the important feature of hardness and softness, the Russian consonant system is dominated by another significant element: the presence or absence of what is called "voice." A voiced consonant is one pronounced with an accompanying vibration of Ihe vocal cords. For example, the Russian [b,~; v, y; d, 9; z,~] are all considered voiced consonants. So, too, are the English b in boys, v in view, d in dog, and z in zip. In contrast, a \'oiceless (or unvoiced) consonant is one pronounced without this accompanying vibration of the vocal cords. For example, the Russian [p, g; f, f; t, t; s, ~] are all considered voiceless consonants in the system. Similarly, the English pin poise,finfew, t in togs, and s in sip are voiceless consonants. The main difference between the Russian and English treatment of tbe voiced and voiceless consonants is that in Russian there is a systematic replacement of one by the other under prescribed circumstances while in English there is not. We can pronounce the English gooseberry wilh either I
Feminine speaker. LESSON
3
39
an [s] or a (z) sound, and both are acceptable. Russian, however, requires that the written JJ. of .o!lKa be pronounced (t) because it occurs before (k), an unvoiced consonant: [votb). Although all Russian consonant sounds may be characterized as voiced or voiceless, not all occur in opposed pairs. The following chart shows the regularly opposed pairs. Voiced
b
v
y
d
Q z f
z
g
Voiceless
p R f
r
I
\
s I
!
k
\>
SOUNDS
The consonants (x, ~, c, c, ~l are all voiceless, but do not have voiced counterparts that operate independently in the system. They can, however, affect the pronunciation of a preceding consonant. The consonants (r, f, I, l, m, rp, n, Q, j) possess voice, but have no corresponding voiceless counterparts. They are considered "neutral" because they do not determine the pronunciation of other consonants occurring in combination with them. In terms of the Russian writing system, the paired voiced and voiceless consonants may be indicated as follows: Voiced
6
6b
B
Bb
A
Ab
, '" '"
r
Voiceless
n
nb
4> 4>'
T
Tb
C
<
Cb
W
Since the writing system does not accurately refleci the spoken language, it is essential for the student to know which consonants are voiced, which are voiceless, and, especially, which are paired in terms of voice or absence of voice. This is important because, in certain positions, only consonant sounds of one or the other series are spoken, regardless of the spelling. The automatic alternation of voiced and voiceless consonant sounds operates, UDder the following conditions. within a word or combination of words spoken together as a unit. 1
A. At the end of a word, consonanlS ordinarily voiced are replaced automatically by their unvoiced counterparts. ANAL POSITION
[geIOf] [zavot] [gpp[ [6
roTOR ,..OA rpH6
6'lepe.n b
NON-FINAL POSITION ready plant mushroom line
rOTo8a JasolU>l rpH6b:i 6·lepe.IDt
[gatov;)J [zavOdi] [gribi] [6
ready
plants mushrooms lines
B. Consonants in clusters, either within one word or in adjacent words pronounced without a
break, are assimilated to the extent that the entire cluster is pronounced either voiceless or voiced. Note, in the following examples. that it is the second or last voiced or voiceless consonant in the series that determines how the preceding consonant(s) will be pronounced. 1. VOICELESS CLUSTERS PRONOUNCED
SPELLED
B"
in
'A 6<
R'fCpa n0e3JJ. Kop66Ka
acT
B CTOile
A<
80JJ.h"3
••
BtvTj6e
, SilKlC' the rn:utnli oonsonanls p. iI. II. lhey win be excluded from chis disclls.~ion.
40
LESSON 3
lot.
yesterday train bo< in the desk vodka at the club
[IC] [st) [pk] [fst] [Ik] [fk]
in
[lCira] [p6jist] [karopb] [fsta[c [ [v6tk~]
, .
[fklu\>;)
and i do noc playa pari in lhe alternallon of voiced and voicelcss oonsonanlS.
2.
VOICED CLUSTERS
""
eb6
"'"
'"
how are things request likewise, too
Kli.. ltcJl3 np6c..6a rdJ..-..:e
[g~)
[fbI [gfl
'"
[kag~ila)
[peofoo] [tagfi)
The consonant B (ab) must be considered a special case. Allhaugh it undergoes unvOIcmg (i.e., it is pronounced as [fJ or [0 either in final position or when followed by an unvoiced consonant), it docs nol cause a normally voiceless consonant preceding it to become voiced. Thus, both .JBiJtH (with cluster (zvJ) and cs.ari (with cluster [sv)) ex.ist in Russian. To summarize, we may say thaI the assimilation of consonants is a regressive process in Russian: the last element affects tbat which precedes it. Thus, in the following series, Position 2 dctcnnines the quality of Position J in terms of voice or its lack.
POSITION J
POSITION 2
a. Ordinarily voiced consonants are pronounced voiceless here
!
roTtle [""tol] b. Ordinarily voiced consonants are pronounced voiceless her
when a word boundary or pause follows.
~
,7.~ SOJ.lKa
wben a voiceless consonant follows.
[v6Ik3] c. Ordinarily voiceless consonants are pronounced voiced here
.H TalOKe
when a I'oiced consonant (other than B) follows.
[tagfi]
• VOICING AND UNVOICING DRILLS Read the following Cyrillic words, noting the automatic changes in pronunciation that take place in certain positions. I. UNVOICING AT END OF WORDS 6 pronounced [p 1
""6 cna6 rpH6 CToJl6
n66 3y6 .ll:Y6 pli6
(rap) [slap] [gpp] (stolp) [lop) (zlip J (dup] [rapi
61. pronounced CkOp6L JJl:6b
."oob rony6L JW6b pli6h rpa6b
66b
w]
[sko'll] [pg] [deogl [golugl [zig] [ragl [grag] [ogl
8 pronounced
(11
[xrulMl] JIes Oel] Typreues (turgeQif] [!il] KOB [001] [slol] enoB [Ost...1] 6eTpoB (¢ri] "epa pes [rol] o6phlB [abrill CH';" [s~al]
XPYWCS
""'"
L!OSON 3
41
Db pronounced nplf63.Bb 3aCT3.Bb 6yp3.Bb JUOOOBb MOpKOBb 6p6Bb KpOBb HOBb '!ePBb 66yBb
[0
r pronounced [k]
.It
pronounced [t]
(PriMO [zastaO [bur.\O OubOO
war
[ID)
pa~
CHer 6eper lIer
ca.n
[man:oO
mHr
[br60 [kr60 [n60
nup6r .npyr Kpyr
[~rO
lOr
[S9 ok J PIOpkJ 06kJ [k¢k) !Jlir6kJ [druk) [kruk) OukJ
06e~
lIell BUll rO.n ropoll
p"" cTh<~
[ralJ [sal) [a\>OIJ 061J evil) [g61J [gornt]
[rat) [stlt)
[6buO
JJ.b pronounced
ltl
)I(
"""".
[kla\l rlIa.nb [g1aIJ [Iitra\l ~b lIOWa,llb 06! il) nlIOWa.Ab (p16!Ci\l MeM ['l'o\l O'lepellb [6CipI! 6Yllb [bUI)
pronunced ~]
,TII>< uap6Kb
ell: CTpHJIC
UO:llC
y>< My><
p&lb cmbb Bp63b
XOlIX03 MOpa3 COI03
[rasJ [g1asJ [gasJ {raskas] [vlJis] [kalx6s] [mar6s) [sajus]
[zamulJ
3aM}0lC
ClIO,.
0'"
[mu~J
:Jb
pronounced [s]
pa, rna, rh pacel:b
[garalJ [ltalJ [narB) 06!J [strll ] [n61J [ul]
rap3.:lK
M83b lI83b
:J
pronounced
[m"';)
[~]
CjJb rplOb CBlOb KU.H3b 6i3b
O"';J [s[
[SU~)
[W~J [sya~J
[k9a~1
l1Ia~ J
[vr6~l
2. UNVOICING BEFORE AN UNVOICED OONSONANT
B pronounced [f]
6 pronounced (p J
DCIO
[r~uJ
B'Iepa
[ffulI)
8XOll aBT66yc ooua npo.n.a8wHua
[fx61)
06ul.ldi: pw6u pi6'!"x y.n66cno lUle6ua Kop66Ka Boo6we
[aft6busJ
[afcaJ [proxiafStic:l]
B 'laC
[rcas)
Kop66Ke BOOJme
[fkar6p~i]
B
42
[fpa1 9oJ
LESSON 3
[6p!Cij) [ripk.) [[lIpelkJ
r pronounced [k) 6OrcTBo KOlTli u6rTll lKenuHH
PIOkSlVoJ [k6k \'l1 [n61<\')
[xlo"",,]
3Arc
[zaksJ
[kar6pb]
.neITJI' miITe nOCTpHrwH
[[akll)
[udopsoo]
[Y.)ap~]
[f6k~ijl
[~6kl'J [pastrik~jJ
A pronounced It) JloJlKa UOXO.llKa 6moJllte MOJlO.lluU 80.llJt::a Jar.ia.K3 HMuHCh no./t cHeroM HM co66"
3.
[~]
[k~lb]
[m~latciJ
IOUfJKKa HeYx'ro noxKa Ha,ae)kJl
[v6tk~]
HY>ut
[16Ik,] [na'iClt] [nult)
(zagath) (na'gil] [paISoeg;lm) (n:ltsab6j]
HeMHO)kICO
[oimno~k~1
[Iotk~]
[paxotbj [b[uteo]
[oju~t~]
J pronounced [s) 6mbKo CK3.JKa n6e3.ll alllr M03r .llp03.ll H3 TaHl(3 CJle3Ka
IbIJsk,] [sUsk,] [pOj;",]
[yJsk] [m6sk] [dr6st) [istAnb] [sI6sb]
VOICING BEFORE A VOICED (X)NSONANT
.. pronounced
(gJ
r.\D
[tagZi) [kag4Jla] [v3gzal] [igWjUnj (aQigdot] [gZJQc] [lW'l'c]
JI.6My
[gd6mu) [kagbi]
I(
.. pronounced
K3.KGbI
c pronounced (z]
T pronounced (d]
CTOpaTh
OT ropo.na OT 6paTIl
[adgor;xb]
OT66"
[adOOj] [adfall [bdzif] [adzayJl\i] [bd!il] [adbrosiJ (adzini] [adgadall
[zgarall
c6m
[z~i\]
croaop c60p c66pml.K c.lla
(zg6wr] [zOOr] [zOO '\lJk] [zdalo] [zgari)
[gba~ij
Ch
pronounced
np6ct.6a Kocb6a
[~]
[pr6p.o] (ka~ba)
QT)kaTh (Yr.u".
OT 3aaHCTH OTIKHJI OT6p6cbl OT )KeHbl oTra,naTb
[adbrat~]
n. pronounced (~)
ce.ruiTb6a :»(eHHn.6a MOJIOTb6il
[li~'ibo]
[fiQi'ib,j [m,la'iba]
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
The present tense of the second conjugation verb li cnemy TlJ CneWHrnb Oll cneuuiT OHa CneW"T Mbl cnewliM Bbl CneW"Te 011" cnewfn
CJleunfrL
I'm hurrying, I'm in a hurry you're hurrying, you're in a hurry he's hurrying she's hurrying we're hurrying you're hurrying they're hurrying
LESSON
3
43
•
REPETITION DRILLS I
I. Listen to your instructor (or the tape) and repeat thc preceding pronoun-vcrb model until you can say it perfectly.
2. fm hurrying to a lesson.
.sf enewy 113 yp6K. S: )1 cnemy Ha }'POK'.
T:
QHM cnewaT Ha yp6K.
8b1 CnernHTe ua ypOJC. Qua cneWMT ua yp6JC. Mbl cneWHM lIa yp6K. 011 cneWHT Ha yp6tc. TbI: cneWHWb lIa yp6JC.
•
QUESTION·ANSWER DRILLS
I. Where are you hurrying to? We're hurrying to a concert.
2. Where are you hurrying, home? No, rm hurrying to the post office.
T: Ky.a3 Bbl cnewHTe? s: Mw cnewlOt Ha KOOuepT.
T: Kyna BbI: cnewHTe, nOM6"?
T: Ky.a3 on cnewHT? s: Oil cneuuiT Ha k·OfulepT.
T: Ky,aa oml cnewHT, nOMoit? s: Her, 0lU1 cneunrr Ha u6orry.
KYM OlUt cnew3T? Ky.oa TbI cnewHwb? Ky.rta OIU\. cnewMT?
Ky.n3. OHM cnew3.T, .aOMOn? Kyna Oil CnelUHT, LlOMO"? Ky.rta TbI cncwHwb, nOMO"'?
s: Her, Ii cnewj IdI D6arry.
KYM MbI: CnCW"M?
Using B Yluu~epcHTe-r, Student I first replies with a short answer. then Student 2 replies with a full answer.
3. Where are )'ou hurrying 10? To the un;~ersity. rm hurrying to the university.
Using Ha aBT06yc, answer the question with both short and full answers.
4. Where are you going in such a hurry? To catch a bus. rm Illirrying to catch a bus.
T: Ky.aa Obi CnCW"TC? 51: 8 yllHBepcHTlh. S2: )1 cneUlY B yIIHBcpcH·reT.
T: Kyna aLI TaK cllcwHTe?
H"Ha, KHP"JlJI, Kyona Ohl ellCUl"Tc?
Kyna Kyn3 Kyna Ky.aa Kyna
611 TaK CnCWH'"? OUH Ttu< cncwaT'1 Mbf T3K eIlCUHtM? Tbl TaK CtrCWltWb? alia TaK CnCUlliT?
Kyna Kyna Ky;:u\ Kynit Kyna
611 cncwHT, 0 Jla60paTopHf{)? OIlH cnew3.T, a Jla60pUT6puf{)? TbI: cnewMwb, B Jla60paT6pllf{)? aHa cnewHT, B Jla60paT6pHf{)? obi: enewHTe, a Jla60paTOpHf{)?
Ky.aa Tbl cncUJ"Wb? KYll,a 6n cncwHT? Ky.rtfl amI. cncwHT? KY1l
5. Where are you hurrying 10, the laboralory? No, fm }/lIrryi1lg to the club. T: KYll,a abl cnewHTe, B Jla60paTopmo? s: He-r, j cnemY B KJlj6. T: Kyna TbI cnewHwb, a Jla6opaTopmo? s: HeT, j cnelUY B K'Jlj6.
SI:
Ha aB'l'66ye.
S2: )1 enemy "a a8T06ye.
, Beginning wllh thIS lesson, both tnc teacher and student sentellCe$ an: Included in tnc same column.
44
LffiSON
3
DISCUSSION
CoernHn. is a second conjugation verb with the stress on the endings.
PLURAL
SINGUUR
mew-y
I
2 3
cnew-HM
-om: -aT
-IfWb
-1fT
Second conjugation verbs have linking vowel H, (cncwHwb, cnewHT, CllCWHM, cnewHTe) where first conjugation verbs have e or e (pa66Taewb, lflleWb). Where first conjugation verbs have Ihe third person plural ending in -yr or -toT (HlJ,jT, paOOTatoT), second conjugation verbs have -aT or -lIT (cnewaT, rOBOp"). It is only in the first person singular (hat first and second conjugation verbs share (he common ending -y or -to. Examples of other second conjugation verbs so far encountered:' c.'lbiwan.
to hear
CnJ:dut-y, e.m:1ut-HWb, c..nbIut-HT, CJ1LlllJ-HM, cnL'lLU-HTe, CJIb1LU-aT
rOBOpH"fI>
to speak. say
rORop-lo, roeop-Jiwb, rOROp-IIT, rORop-HM, rOBop-RTe, rOBop-liT CTOliTb
to stand
CTa-IO, erD-RWb, CTa-IIT, cTa-liM, CTD-HTe, era-liT
Masculine, feminine, and plural endings of short-form adjectives
MASCULINE
SUBJECT
.R (rn, Oil) JaUSlT. pa•. JlI 0 POB. 66nell.
FEMININE SUBJECT
..s1 (Tbl, ollii) JallRTa. pa.aa. JJlopOea. 6onbHa.
PLURAL
SUBJECT
Mbf (BM, OHIt) J3HJ1Tb1. paabl. 3JlOpOBbl. 6onbilLI.
I'm (you're, he's) busy. glad. well. sick . I'm (you're. shc's) busy. glad.
well. sick. We're (you're, they're) busy. glad.
well. sick.
• REPETITION DRILL
Listen to your instructor (or the lape) and repeat the above models until you can say them perfectly. I These verbs arc given here primarily 10 show ending and Slress panems. They will be drilled laler.
USSON 3
45
• REPETITION·SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
Repeal after your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can, imitating both the individual words and the sentence intonation. Then, on hearing only the subject cue, supply the full utterance according to the given model. I.
rm blLsy now. .sf Tenepb 3aIUlT. s: A Tenepb J.iuwr.
T:
T: 01130 Tenepb 33IUITa. s: ORa Teneph 3aum. (OHM, ShoI, HHHa, :lKellli,
M~,
MhoI, MH.rta)
3. Tm completely well. T: .sf snonue 3.ll0pOS.
2. Are you glad 10 hear il? T: Tbi pan iTO C1Ib1WaTb? S: Tw pliiJt iTo em:uua..... ? T: OHa p3.na iTO C1IbIWaTb ? s: Olui paJta :ITo ClIbuuan. ? (CeMell, omi, U:apanICuII, BbI, MMa)
4. Tm sick. T: .sf 60nell.
s: A aooJIIle 3.ll0pOS.
s: Jt
T: Omf SnOnHe 3JJ.0p6Sbl.
T: Om't 60111011<1. s: Olla 6oJIblla. (MHJla H CCMell, Bhl, EBremiH, Mhl, HHlla)
s: 0111' SDOJIIle 3JtOpOSbI. (Sbl,
>KeHa, omi, EsrcHilii)
MJlCH.
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Lev, are you busy? No, Fm not busy. T: 11es, ill :lAHn? s: HeT, Ii He 3aun. T: HMlla, ill 3aurn? s: Hh, Ii He JaHsrra. (MMa, XIrrp6s, Kllpw nWOSH'I, HMlla CeMenoslla, CeMell)
• SUSSTITUTION DRILL
fm glad to hear that. T: .sf pan iTO CJJblwaTb. S: Jt pa,ll, no CJlbIlUaTb. " (M ~) ,------,---_-,-s: Mw paw.. iTO CJwwaTb. (OIlH, K"pw, :lKella, CeMell
46
LESSON
3
2. Nil/a, are you still sick? No, Fm completely weill/OW. T: "Hila, Rbi see eme 6onbllbl? s: Hh, Ii nnepb BoolIue 3.£lopOaa. T: KllpliJut, ill ace eme 6611ell? s: Hh, Ii TeuePh BDOJlHe 3.llopOa. CeMeH
DISCUSSION MASCULINE
-
FEMININE
-a
PLURAL -Y
The shorl-form adjectives agree with their subject in gender or number. Note that those used wilh masculine subjects have no ending, those used with feminine subjects end in -a, and those used with plural subjects end in _..... 1 Note that the stress may shift 10 the ending, particularly in the feminine form: OKi laRg-ni. (Compare il wilh OK :u'IUIT.) If the slem ends in more than one consonant. the masculine fonn may contain a vowel that does nOI appear in the other forms. This vowel appears belween the last two consonants of the slem. Compare Ott M.!lett with oHli 6oJW:li, W 6o.rn.itW. The soft sign is written in the feminine and plural forms to indicate that the 11 is soft.
4TEHHE H nl1CbMO
READING AND WRITING
The conversalion for Lesson 3 is presented here in handwritten form for reading and copying practice.
-J(J,'
~ ~?rfU7':~~ ~
-$
1H.a-
~(M?U<.(Y 1-
-
~.- ~8tno-
:ita. Xo-m..um.e
J.17~,
2
~
C ~tr' ~ p-.1.. -
- ~I V>u>- k v
"Jl~ /U'r7','Ur/
U',M:.
/1
, T1'le neuter short adjective ending _0 is excluded from this disclrnion for practical reasons since Ihe subjects used ""th these: adjI:Ctlvc:s are mostly masculine, feminine. or plural. L.ESSON
3
47
LESSON
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION [apSeiti~ij~]
06WeJkHTHe
B06weDntH
[~p§ti1i\ijiJ
paJroB6p [~zgav6rJ PaJrOBOp B 06l1.teJKHl"HH. BOHni (prv)1 (vajti] MQ:lkHQ (m6tn;)) M6»tHO 80m? [ka9csn;)]
kOHe'fHO 3aXOJlHTb
2
{~x.a4iU l~xaQi]
3aXO.rtH
33.nepri 1~l1irlal) llBePb (f) [d yel J ~aepb He JanepTa. 3axo.nH! ){Bepb He Janeyra. 6bITb [bill .Ii 6blm't. [ja bila] 311l1Tl.. [zna\] Tbl JllaClllb [Ii znajis] 3H<'t.ewb, r.Qe Ji 6bI1l<1? Bee YrPo [r~ (Jtm] lwi.eulI>, rJU~ li 6b1JUi Bee jTpo? r6poJ], B
{g6171]
r6po~e
A 6WJui
B
Ivg6~iJ
ropo,tl,e.
no~apoK
(padAr"k]
i nOlcynana [ja nOKynaTb
~kupAl,,]
[p;lkupa\l
4
PS3rOBOp B 06lQe:lti:HnlH donnilOry in t.he donnitory conversation Conversation in the dormitory. to enter, come in, go in it's possible, one may May I come in? of course, certainly to drop in, stop by, call [on someone]
come in! locked door The door isn't locked. Come in! The door iso't locked.
to be I (f) was, I've been to know you know
Know where I've been? all morning Know where I've been all morning?
city. town in the city, in town, downtown I've been downtown. gift, present I (f) was buying to buy, (0 be buying
I The abbreviation pl-, will be used for tbe perfective aspect aod ipf-, for tbe imperfective. ) KtmeWll is pronoonced lkaQletn;) by many speakers. I Two prononciations are po$$ible: (z;llirtiJ and [ziIllirl:)).
49
.st nOicynana OO.napoK. HilHe [QiQi] sl: OOKynina OO,lllipoK
ax
"""e.
[ax]
oh! Oh, yes!
Ax, .na! At". (m) [~tQ) .neHb poJK.lleHWI
day (~eQ. raZQeQij~]
[uQijO] Y Bee Jl.eUb poxmeBIUI. ""'Tpa [zAft,,) y Hee
Y
I was buying a present. (for] Nina I was buying Nina a present.
uee 38BTp8 .neal> po~fI.
KyOUTb (pfv) {kugi\} ThI: Kyoli.rIa [ti kugib] ljT6 n:i lCymlna? OOCMO~
birthday (iii. day of birth) she has (lit. by her) She has a birthday or It's her birthday. tomorrow She has a birthday tomorrow. to buy you (Q bought
What did you buy?
(pfv) lJ;osmatreU [m] X6
to take a look you want Want to take a look?
Kop66Ka [kar6pk~] B Kop66Ke [l'kar6pip] ry-r [tut] BOT TjT, e KopOOKe.
box (cardboard) in the box here It's here in the box.
UOpTojJtm.
(m) [part[tl] Aocn\Tb (prv) [dastall Tbl .nOCTana [li dasta.l~] r.nc nd .nOCTana? nopT¢lW"! r.ne Tbi.noC'TliTla?
briefcase to get you (f) got Where'd you get [it]? A briefcase! Where'd you get it?
rYM [gum) • rYM' [vgUqU) npaa.na, rpaCKablu? B rYMe. "po.na, KpaCHeblH?
GUM (State Department Store) at GUM handsome, pretty, lovely isn't it (lit. truth) Handsome, isn't it? At GUM. Handsome, isn't it?
6 KpaCHeblii.
vcry Very handsome.
.n6nro [d61~] CTORTb [stajaU Thr CTOMa [ti slajal~J Tbi .nOJlro CTO'rna? o
long. a long time to stand, to be standing you (f) stood Did you stand for a long time? line, turn in line Did you stand in line a long time?
HeT,
No, not very [long].
Kp3CHBbIH
opae.a.a
50
He
[kr~ivij]
LPnivd~]
O'tftll>.
LESSON 4
SUPPLEMENT
to do, to be doing What did you do? or What were you doing? Nothing. Where were you? job, work, service At work. What did you buy? material dress Material for a dress or Dress material. suit Material for a suit or Suit material.
[c;!el,,\] lIT6 Bbl Jlenam·l? - HII'Ier6. Qi~iv6J r.Qe BM 6WlH? cny:ll:Ga IslUtb~] - Ha C1I:y:«6e. lIT6 8b1: KymUlH? MaTepH9.n [m;)\itial] ,nenaTb
nnaTbe -
[pla\i~
J
MaTepll9.n Ha nnane. KOCTtOM [kas\um] Man:pllan lIa KocnOM.
ADDITIONAL CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS
JI3..n:bWe (dal~i] lIHTiHn: JIanbwe!
nHWH-re b2i~i\i] or lIartHwJfTe lIa JIOCKe (n:xl.as~el HanHWHTe IIa JIOCKe! ItAHTe [ic;!i\i J IC ,nOCKe [gdas\eJ I1.nHTe IC ,nOCKe! lOMemtTe [izrpiQi\iJ JaMelllITe (~lJli"Qi\il
[Del2i~i\i]
continue! go on! (iii. further) Go on reading! write! on the board Write on the board! go! to the board Go to the board! change! make a change! substitute! make a substitution!
PaJrOBOp B 061llelKUTHH
Conversation in the dormitory
c. o. -
Cawa (CTy,neHT) 6ml (CTYJlCHTKa)
C.
I KT6 TaM?
kto tiim l
Who's there?
o.
2 3TO .Ii, 6J1lL
et, jii l 6\, j
It's me, Olya. May I come in?
M6)KHO BOHTH?
C.
3 KOHe"mO. 3aXO,llH. ,[I,Oeph He 3anepTa.
O. 4 3Haewh, r,lle .Ii 6bJna Bee Yrpo? B r6po,lle. nOKynana nO,llapoK HHHe.
m6zn~ vajti!
kaQS,n, l
Of course. Come in. The door isn't locked.
z:>xa4il dyer Qi~Rirta 1
zDajis g4e ja biHi ! flo iHr;d
Know where I've been all morning? Downtown. I was
vgor04d
buying a present for Nina.
~kupal\)
padarnk
(llQd l..ESSON 4
51
5
C.
ax da!
Ax., .na! Y Het: 33BTpa
uQij6 zaftrn
QeQ raiQeQija I a 5tO L.i kURiI~ 1
JJ.CHb P0)KllCHHR.
A 'fTO TbI Kyruina?
Dh, yes! It's her birthday tomorrow. And what did you buy?
x6Cis IXlSmatre\ 1
vot tut I f1caroplp I
Want to take a look? It's here in the box.
partreJ I g,1e ti dastal3!
A briefcase! Where did you get it?
O. 8 B rYMe. n pae.u3, KpacHBwH?
vgiirpij
In GUM.2 Handsome, isn't it?
c.
otiQ I ti d61g.:J stajAI:> vociriQi I
Very. Did you stand in line a long time?
Qet! QiociQ
No, not very.
O. 6
XOlfewb nocMorpen? BOT TjT, 8 Kop66Ke.
7 nopT4Jenb! rnf: Tbl JJ,OCTana?
C.
9 6lieHb.
ThI Jlonro CToJina 8 6'1epe,llH?
O. 10 H6T. He
6.. eHb.
pravd~ kra~ivij
i
I
Infonnally Russians address each otber using nicknames based on the first name, for example: Cawa for AJiCKCa"lW, OJi. for Om.ra. Such names aft comparable to our Bob for Robert, Gene for Eugene, Betty for Elizabeth, and so forth.
NOTES
I
Others are; )KeHSI
B".
fo'
JIeaa KonJi
neTS! Anetua
ce""
liopSi B0110)1S1
EareHl-IH
11... JIea HHKOllaH
Eugene John
MHna
Leo
nUB
Nicholas Peter nOTp AneKceH AJexis CeMeH Simon liOpHC Boris BnWMHp Vladimir
ranJl KATJI 3Hua lli06a Mawa lleHa JlH3a
fo'
Jho,llM"na raJUwa TaTbHHa EKaTepHHa 3HHaH.rr.a JIJ066Bb MapRJ! EneHa EnH3aBeTa
Ludmilla Galina Tatiana Katherine Zinaida Amy
Mary Helen Elizabeth
2 rYM (rocyJ],apcrBelUl....ii YHHBepdnbllhlii ""81'83"") is the State Department Store, which is located in Red Square opposite the Moscow Kremlin. Note that, although GUM itself is written with capital letters, its declensional endings are written with small letters: " rYMe in GUM.
Basic sentence patterns I. KTO raM? Ji, 011J1. _ _ _ _ EOreHHH. _ _ _ HHHa. ~ KHpHlUI ITas1l0BJlll. _ _ _ _ CeMCH lUuinnOBH'l.
-
52
3TO
LESSON 4
Who's there? It's me, Olya. _ _ _ Evgeny. _ _ _ Nina. _ _ _ Kirill Pavlovich. _ _ _ Semyon Filippovich.
____ UapaDXHH.
____ XllTpOS. _ _ _ MiUJa. _ _ _ 1IeB.
2. Cawa, r.a.e Thl 6b1:JI Bee yrpo?
- Jt
6blJl H3 co6paHHH.
_ _ _ _ U3
yp6xe
neHH~.
_ _ _ _ H3 3aBOAe. _ _ _ H3 n6'fTe. _ _ _ _ H3
l:oHU,epTe.
3. OM, fAe TbI 6bUla see YJpo? - .It 6b1m\ 8 r6po.ne.
_ _ _ BrYMe. _ _ _ _ 8 o6Wl2Knrn. Y!Ul.8epcHThe. _ _ _ _ B ropooBCTe. _ _ _ _ B UIj6e. _ _ _ _ 8 na60p3T6pKH. ____ B
4. t·IT6 TbI
- Jt - Jt -
JlCnaJI 8
r6po.a.e, CAwa?
I1ol:ymi..n oo,naPOI:. oOKynan Do.a.apol[ HHHe.
$I CTOM B 6'!epe.nH.
- Jt - Jt
nOl:ynan nopnpenb. nOl(ynan MaTepHan H3 lCocnOM.
5. A 'ITO Tbl .a.e.nana. OM" - .st TOJll:e 6bUla B r6poJI.e. - Jt TO:ltCe nOKynana nO,llapox. - A TO)fCe CTolina B 6'lepeAH. - Jt nOKynana IlJIAThe. - Jt nOKynana MaTepUan H3 nmin.e.
- Jt 6.
lloxynana Marepuan H3 KocnQM.
r.a.e Dbl3TO AOCTMH? - B r6po.a.e. -B rYMe. - B YHHBepc~fTlrre. - B o6we'tl:ltTJ.U1. - B KJlY6e. -
8 na6opaT6pHH.
___ ___ ___ __
Tsarapkin. Khitrov. Mila. Lev.
Where were you all morning, Sasha? I've been at a meeting. ____ at a singing lesson. _ _ _ at the plant. _ _ _ at the post office. ____ at a concert. Where were you all morning, Olya? I was in town. _ _ at GUM.
_ _ in _ _ at _ _ at _ _ at _ _ at What I was I was I was I was I was
the dormitory. the univenity. the gorsovet. the club. the laboratory.
were you doing in town, Sasha? buying a present. buying Nina a presenl. standing in line. buying a briefcase. buying suit material.
And what were you doing, Olya? I was in lown, too. I was buying a present, too. I was standing in line, too. I was buying a dress. I was buying dress material. I was buying suit malerial. Where did you get Ihal? In town. At GUM. At the university. At the dormitory. At the club. At the laboratory.
Introductory remarks on the Russian case system By now you have noled that Russian nouns may vary Iheir endings in accordance with the way they function in a sentence. Thus, in the following examples, the Russian word for laboratory changes its ending according to whether it indicates location or destination. lOCATION OfSTtNATION
Qua pa66Tae-r B na60paTopHli. QHa ".neT B na60paTopHlO.
She works in a laboratory. She's on her way to the laboratory. Ll'SSON
4
53
Compare the examples with English, where the word laboraTory does not change but a different preposition is used: in for location and to for destination. In Russian the same preposition (8) is used but a different "case" form of the noun is required: prepositional case for location and accusative case for destination. There are six cases in Russian, used in both the singular and the plural. They are given below together with a brief comment on their primary function. CASE NAME
ABBREVIATION
PRIMARY FUNCTION TO tNDICATE
NOMINATIVE
NOM or N
grammatical subject of sentence
ACCUSATIVE
ACC or A
direct object, complete goal of action
GENlTIVE
GEN or G
possession, absence, limitation
PREPOSITIONAL I
PREP or p
location or focus of activity
DATIVE
OAT or D
indirect object, person affected (in impersonaJ constructions)
INSTRUMENTAL
INSTR or I
instrument or means of accomplishment of activity
The nominative form is customarily used in citing nouns, pronouns, and adjectives in dictionaries or otherwise out of context.
Remarks on stems and endings: the concept of "zero" ending Since Russian, like Latin and German, relies heavily on changes in the fonns of its nouns, adjectives, and verbs for grammatical purposes, the student must be able to identify and manipulate both stems and grammatical endings. Briefly stated, the stem is the part of a word that remains relatively constant; the ending is the part that varies to show grammatical changes. Compare the following sets, observing that both existent endings and the absence of endings provide important grammatical information.
MOCKBa OKHO o.u.uo CJI0BO
cron 6H 3J1.0pOB OH 6bi.n
Moscow window one word table he's well he was
s MOCKBy Ha OKHe MHoro cnos Ha crone omi 3,IlopOBa 0HiJ. 6blJUi
to Moscow on the window many words on the table she's well she was
The concept of the nonexistent or "21:ro" ending is a very important one for Russian. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and numerals all have forms where a "zero" ending contrasts with explicit endings. , The prepositional case is also frequenlly called the loco/ill/! ca5/!. II is the one case in Russian that is tlc.er used without a preposilion.
54
LESSON 4
For example, most masculine nouns have a "zcro" ending in their nominative singular case fonn. A "zero" ending also occurs after the suffix JI in the masculine past tense fonn, contrasLing with the feminine ending -s, the neuter ending -0, and the plural ending -H. Furthennore, mosl feminine and neuter nouns have a 'ozero" ending in the genitive plural, in contrast with all of their case fonns that occur with an ending. Compare cOOBO word, CilOB8 words with CIt6B ofthe words; and KHMra book, .mn books wilh IOlIir of the books.
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
Past tense of the verb 6Lrrb to be MASCULINE SUBJECT
>1 6bui TaM. Tbt 6bl.J1 TaM. 6H 6b1:JI T 6w T3M .
I was Ihere. You were there. He was there. The briefcase was there.
FEMININE
.sf 6blJ1a T
SUBJECT
T bI: 6b1J1a TiM ° QHa 6bUla T3.M. Kop66Ka 6b1JJ<\ TaM.
I was there. You were there. She was there. The box was there.
NEUTER SUBJECT
C06palll1e 6wno TaM.
The meeting was there.
PLURAL SUBJEcr
Mbt 6bUlH riM. Rbi 6hIJIH raM. QUH 6WH TiM. ReB H HHua 6WH TaM.
We were there. You were there. I They were there. Lev and Nina were there.
• REPETITION DRILL
Lislen 10 your instructor (or the tape) and repeat the above models until you can reproduce them accurately. • REPETITION-SUBSTITUTION DRILL
I
~'as
at the plant.
T:
.st 6w oa 3aB6.ne.
S:
11 6WI "8 3aB6Ltc. (611, ami, cawa, Hima, alia, Mbt)
6ill1
H Res, BbI,
, Note thai aW. the plural-polite pronoun you. is Ircalod grammatiCIIlly ali. plural even when it refers to .singk person. Thus.. r. aW~? can be addressed 10 one penon who is DOl an intimate friend, or 10 more than DDC penon. Tw. on the olher hand. can only be addressed 10 one persoD.
LESSON 4
55
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
t. Were they in the dormitory (oo?
2. Halle you already been to the club, Nina? Yes, I have.
Yes, they were.
}')Ke 6MJHt
T:
OHlf n':I)KC 6WIH B 061l{e)I(HTHif?
T: Bbl
S:
Jl,a, 6WnH.
T:
68 TO)KC 6hUl B 06mC>KHUtH?
s: ,lJ;a, 6bUlll. T: BM )?Ke 6hlllH B KJly6e, flea? s: ,lJ;a. 6Lrn. TbJ }')Ke 6bIm't B KJly6e, MJi.n:a? TM )?Ke 6wJI B KJly6e, CAwa? Bbl )?Ke 6hJJIH B KJly6e, 6J1S1?
s: Jl,a, 6LuJ. (lIeB H KHpn1UI, 00<1, CArna, 6JUI)
3. Where were you, Sasha? I was in the laboratory. T: r.lleru 6bm, cawa? s: A 6w B ns60pswpHH. T: DI,e Tht 6WT
a Kny6e, fnlHa?
4. Nina, where halle you been all morning?
r lie been in town. T: HilHa, fAe Bhl 6WUf Bee YrPo? s: Jt 6L1J1a B n:'poAe. T: Cawa, rAe Thl 6blll see y-rpo? S: Jt 6w B rOpoll.e. 61Jlt, rn.e ThJ 6blJ1a Bee y-rpo?
r,lI,C Shl 6hl1JH, KHpU1UI? f,lI,e BM 6MJlH, MUlla? r,lI,e 6" 6hUl? r,lI,e ami. 6bImi? f,lI,e MbJ 6blnIf? rn.e OKU 6MJlH?
rn.e Thl 6hIJl Bee YrPo? SM 6M.rrn see YrPo? 6J1S1 Ii HlfHa, fAe Rhl 6MnH Bee y-rpo? flell if KliPKnn, fAe 8M 6blJlH Bee y-rpo? KlipH1Jn,
JIcs, rn.c
5. Was she at work? Yes, she was. T: QHa 6bIJia Ha CJI0K6e?
s: ,lJ;a, 6wJlli. T: OHit: 6hJnH Ha CJl~6e?
s: ,lI,a. 6LrnH. My)f( 6hlll Ha cn~6e? aHIf 6hlllH Ha cny)l(6e? KHpJi.n:JI 6MJl Ha CJl~6c? )KeHa 6bUla Ha cn0K6e? KltpnJlJl It JIcs 6hlJIH Ha CJl)r"JK6e?
DISCUSSION
Thc past tense differs from the present and future in Russian in that it is nol based on personal endings but on gender-number endings. The past tense of the verb 6h.1.Th to be illustrates this principle. PLURAL
SINGULAR
56
LESSON 4
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
6hUI
6bIJHi
6MJI-o
6hm-H
EXAMPLES
..sf TAM lie 6L1J1. 8bi 6b1J1H 6oJlhlrbl:. QHa 6h1J1a 8 ropo.lte. B'lepa 6bu1o co6paHlfe.
I (m) wasn't there. You were sick. She was in town. There was a meeting yesterday.
In the last example, 6bu1o agrees with the neuter noun co6pauHe.
The accusative form of iuauimate masculine and neuter nouns MOD£LS
>1: cnewy Ha yp6r::. ____ Ha yp61C neHHJI. ____ Ha XOHUepT. _ _ _ H8 a8T66yc.
_ _ _ Ha 38B6ll, _ _ _ Ha co6pAHHe. >1: HAY 8 }'JIHBePCHTtr. _ _ BxnY6. _ _ B ropcoser. _ _ B r6po.a..
_ _ BrYM. _ _ 8 06We»l:Kme.
Till yx
----KJIY6?
_ _ _ _ rYM?
_ _ _ _ _ YHHoepcHTtT?
______ nItChM6? ______ o6U\e)l(}I.THe?
r.ne Bbl.ltOcTA.JlIt no.a.apoK?
_ _ _ _ _ _ nopTct>eJlh? _ _ _ _ _ _ nHCbM6?
l'm burrying _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
to to to to to to
a lesson. a singing lesson. a concert. the bus. tbe plant. a meeting.
I'm on my way to ______ to ______ to ______ to _ _ _ _ _ 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ to
the university. the club. the gorsovet. town. GUM. the dormitory.
Have you already seen ________ _______ ________ _______ _________ ________ ________
tbe city? the present? the briefcase? the club? GUM? the university.? the letter? the dormitory?
Wbere did you get the present? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the briefcase? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the letter?
• REPETITION DRILLS
Repeat Ihe models after your instructor (or the tape), noting Ihal the accusative fonn is like the nominative for these masculine and neuter nouns referring to inanimate Ihings. Note also that certain nouns require the preposition. and others require ua.
l..ESSON 4
57
• SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. Site's going to class. T: QH<\ If.D:ih Ha yp6K. S: OBa M.D:eT 113 ypOK. T: (Ha n6'lTY). 5: OBa lIJl.eT Ha no'ny. (na KOHUepT, lIa 3aB6.D:, Ha c06paHHC, Ha ypOK neHHiI)
2. She's going to the club. T: OHa H.D:eT B {wy6, 5: Oua HJJ.eT B KJJY6. T: (8 ropcoser). S: QlIa HJJ.eT B roPCOBiIT. (B rYM, B rOpo.D:, B 06mC)I(lITlfC, B ymmcpcHTer, B KJly6)
4, rye already seen the present.
3. We're hurrying to the bus. T: Mbl CnClUHM Ha aBTo6yc, S: M':' COCUlltM Ita 8B·rooyc. T: (B rYM). 5: M':' COewHM B rYM. (ua ypOK, B 06mC:lKHTHe, Ha KOHUepT, B yHKBepc"TtIT, Ha 3aIlO.D:, B r6po.D:, ua c06paHI1e, B KJly6)
T:..st }'JKe BH,i.{eJl nO,l],apoK. s: ji yaul BIi.uen: nOAapoK. T: (06mC:lKHTIlC). S: ji y*e BN.t.eJJ 06me'llMrMc. (ropoA, rYM, nHchM6, KJly6, YHl1.BepCHTer, nopnl>eJlh)
DISCUSSION
Masculine and ncuter nouns such as ypOK, nopl'4»Mh, c06pallHc, and IDIChMO, which refer to other than living beings, have the same form in the accusative case as in the nominative. The accusative case is used in Russian for the direct object of a verb, or for the object of certain prepositions such as B or Ha, used in conjunction with verbs of motion. It is important to remember that in the meaning to, certain nouns require the preposition B while others require the preposition ua. B ropo.D: B
rYM
B oGme>KHTHC B KJly6 8 YllllBepCl1TeT
58
lmSON4
to to to to to
town GUM the dormitory the club the univcrsity
Ha Ha Ha lIa Ha
KOHuepT aBT66yc ypOK n6'lTY C06paHl1C
to to to to to
the concert the bus class the post office the meeting
4TEHI1E 11 nHCbM6
READING AND WRITING
~"1" t f7'du,s~wn.uU-:ltnur ~ ~ - drntr $ / aa. ~rr
-~.~. £J~
It
~ .z
J~' -k.~/
~a.. ~. ~ ?- JJ ~, .Y~tldi2 ~~ ~. -./h ja- / .JI IU'/' ja-hyta. ~ 'lj-€
.!l-
jW""C~' Jt
/Wntr /?UC.
~
.2. -
~
/U7--
~ e.~ ~ -tf K~, -J7/tyzmf"
- JC'e...n. / H-e
~.
I...ESSON
4
59
LESSONS
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
o6eJl
lfTO H3 06en?
[a~l]
ua o6e.n lho ua ooeJl?
(n;)3~t)
(Uk nascot] K
OTKpbrra [alkri!:!] CTon6Ball (slaI6v:lj:l] CTOn6BaJl OTKpblTa. CrOJJ08&a AUnG O'nCpbn"8.
06e.nan (a~:lU H,AeM (itJ6m] l1.D,eM 06e.naTb!
XopomO. I1nel\4 OOC.ll8n.. [g6l:x;1inJ
ronoAcH
R }')l'e
cero,/uur [~iv6dQ;')J' th6 cer6JUU1 ua 06e.u? HIITtpeeHO [in\iresn:l] J1KTepkuo. "ITO ce.-OJllUiI as ooe.a?
(smatreU
Tw CMO'I"pi.'I? Bcer,lla
open
dining hall, cafe, restaurant, dining room The dining hall's open. The dining hall's been open for a long lime. to dine, eat dinner let's go! Let's go eat dinner! Fine. Let's go eat dinner! hungry
I'm already hungry.
rOJlOJl.CH.
CMOTpCn.
dinner for dinner What's for dinner? how about How about dinner? How about dinner, Oleg?
[f~igd3J
Kale BCen:ui.
today What's for dinner today? I wonder (lit. (it is] interesting [to meD I wonder what's for dinner today.
to look Did you look? always [Same] as always.
nltwa
rnj~:)]
farc, food, diet
HaWa
[mi~]
our
, NOle that .. is p..-onounced (v) in nr6!l11_I,iv{x!l;P:;lJ loday.
6.
uuf (PI)
schi (sauerkraut soup, cabbage soup)
[!ti)
,na [d;lJ' io:fu.ua [kab] l'UlH .lUI Kama - miu.ut tUiwa».
66Jlhwe [b61~iJ 66J1bwe IICh fb6l§i get] pbl6a [riixl] 6wnli. pW6a, NO 60JIMUe HiT. ~nca..a
lie
more, bigger there isn't any more, it's all gone fish There was fish, but it's all gone. annoyance, aggravation, disappointment,
vexation How annoying! or What a nuisance! [Qix6~it~]
XO"leTCSI
[Iuda)
H.LtTJJ ry.na.
He XO'leTCJI
~IDKe
kasha (cooked cereal, porridge) "Schi and kasha is our diet:'
ldasada]
BOT ~oc8JJ.a! Ty~a
and
(dan]
llli.e K.lJ;I"ii rylUl He xO"eTC1I.
[one] doesn't feel like there, to that place I don't feel like going there. even I don't even feel like going there.
SUPPLEMENT
(f) [g;}ladna] rono.nHa?
rOJioJtIlli. HHH3, TI:>l
r6110MbI (PI) Ow r01l0,IUlbf"
tho
[g61:xini]
oopm [bMc] H3 ooett. 66plll?
'6<1>< (ol) Ikof>]' X6'fClllh K6$e? IlHTb
(gill
R min K6
•,Ii' (m)
.sf
{QidAvn:J]
Hell,aeHO min '13.M.
MOJlO"O
tea
[Uj]
A min
"aH. He.aaeuo
hungry Nina, are you hungry? hungry Are you hungry? borsch (beet soup) What's for dinner, borsch? coffee Want some coffee? to drink J was drinking (or drank) coffee.
(m:Jlak6]
R HemlBHo min
MonoK6.
I Do nOI confu$e
unsu~
I was drinking (or drank) tea. awhile ago, recently. not long ago I drank tea awhile ago. milk Awhile ago I drank some milk.
lllI [dOli (IIId With stressed .ld (da] ~J.
2 K0+e is considered a masculine noun by some: speakers; Olhers Ireal it as indeclinable: nouns. i.e:., nouns thaI usc: the: same: fonn in all cases.
62
LESSON 5
II.
ne:Ule:r. II is one: of a small numbc:t of
qTO us 06"1I? What's for dinner? O. fl. -
Jl. I KaK HaC'Ie-r o6cna,
OJH~r?
CTonosaSi .ll.aBHO OTKpbITa.
Oller JIes
kak nascot a1l€do alek
stal6vaja davn6 atkrita!
l1.o.eM o6e.uan.
xaraSQ ! i<;l6m a~edoll
.si
j
O. 2 Xopow6. Y)f(e rOJ1o.ueH.
Jl, 3 I1HTepecHo, 'iTO cero.uH)I H3 0OO.u.
ThI CMOTpCJI?
O. 4 )l.a. KaK Bcerna, «I.l(u aa dwa -
HO 60JIhWe HeT.
JI. 5 BOT Jl.oc3..n;a!
Fine. Let's go eat dinner. I'm already hungry. I wonder what's for dinner today. Did you look?
daj
Yes. Same as always, "Schi and kasha is our diet.''2 There was fish, but it's all gone.
kak fligdii I sci do kiiso I bila rib:} ! no b6lsi 'fel
!
vot dasadd!
Aa)f(e "nTH TynB.
dazi ini tuda
He XOl.leTCSI.
Qix6Cit~ !
NOTES
!
How about dinner, Oleg? The dining hall's been open for a long time. I
intiresna 1 st6 ~iv6dQa n~a1?et ! Il smatpS'l T
RiSea nasa!
miu.J.a mlllJa». bhIlIa phl6a,
I
How annoying! I don't even feel like going there.
CTOJJ08alll is a feminine adjective which functions as a noun. It is derived from CTOJJ08aJf KO;\-lHam table room. CTOJJ08aH is used here as dining haJJ, but it also means [second class] restaurant as well as dining room. I
1
millla HaUla» is a colloquiaJ expression illustrating the humble
food that comprises the Russian rural diet. tnH is a soup made of sauerkraut or cabbage. Kama is cooked cereal. which may be served at any meaJ and eaten with butter. salt, or gravy; or with milk and sugar. lioplll is a vegetable soup, primarily made of beets.
LfSS()N 5
63
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
noooe,ltaTb (poa1?C
Ui~6]
[fstalov;)j] omin. wIi H nDUl.
B CTOJlOOOH
8 CTO!IOBOi
ce.n:e,[lXa
hilotkOl]
A Ji KyTIliJJ ceJle,llKY.
KaK p:b [kakras) A Ji Ka1C pob KyoHJI ceJle,ltKY. A Iii KaK plb KymiJi ceJlellKY. Xome? ~pyr6e ,lte.no
[drug6jOl
4eb)
31-0 ~pyr6e ,lttno! Cenelll--a - iTo ,lQ)yrOe ,lttrlo! y HaC OCTb
to eat dinner, have dinner Have you had dinner already? children, kids, fellows, guys Hi, fellows! Hi, fellows! Have you had dinner already? yet, still; else, some more, another Not yet.
[anaU
omZTb
Rbi Y:lKe uoOOe.a.aJlH?
lunas j~U
""e6 [xlep) XJJe6 y HaC OCTb. orypubI (agurcl] OryPrnJ TOl"Ke. X.'100 yuac en... Ol'")'pl.lbl ro-e.
again at (or in) the dining hall At the dining hall it's schi and kasha again. herring But I bought herring. just, it just happens Well, it just happens I bought herring. Well, it just happens I bought herring. Want some? another matter, a different thing That's different! Herring! That's different! we have (IiI. by us there is) bread We have bread. cucumbers Cucumbers too. We have bread. Cucumbers too.
wd ~ka~ lllItaY (flkafU) r,lte:IKe omi? 8 wn.9j?
(unstressed emphatic particle) Where are they? cupboard, wardrobe, dresser in the cupboard Where are they, in the cupboard?
(akno] [n<:lakl}e] Hh, Ha o...ae.
window on the window [ledge] No, on the window [ledge].
Hapex.. ! [narB) Hapexb orypubi! O;m-, Hapim. 0f'}'P...w!
slice ! Slice the cucumbers! Oleg, slice the cucumbers!
"'. [Ii]
Cae.e OHM? B
OKHO
Ha OKHe
RIllHK
UMtik]
JiUlHKe [vja~i1p] HO)l( B Jiul,Ju:e. cron [slol] o CTOJle {fstale] B
Ho* •
CTO!.e, • IiintHKe.
64
LESSONS
drawer, bo;( (wooden] in the drawer The knife's in the drawer. desk, table in the desk, in the table The knire's in the desk drawer.
BU)I(y [yizll] He BU)Ky [Q.iyizuJ He 81hky.
I see
I don't see I don't see [it]. fork forks There are just forks here. spoon spoons only, just There arc: just forks and spoons here.
[yilka) SUnKlt [yil)p ) Tom.lCo sWorn. nO;«l(a [losk:;)] 8Unxa
TY'r
[Io~JP]
JlOJKICH
[t6lk:;))
TOJlhKO
Trr T6m....-o
BJiJlKII H n62LKH.
"a CTOne
BOT OR,
on the table. on the desk. Here it is. on the desk.
[n:)Stale)
H8 CTOJU~.
SUPPLEMENT
to look out the window. look in the window He was looking out (or in) the window.
CMO-rpeTh B OKH6
OH CMOTpCn B
OKUO.
BM YlKe
DOOlleI\3J1H?
Have you had dinner already? K. -
K.
OpHBCT. pe6liTa! Bw )')I'e noo6eJlamt?
o. 2
Her eme.
B CT01l0BOH oruiTb lUit " dwa.
K. 3
Jl.
A " KaK pcb KynitJl CeJIellKy. XOTJt:Te?
4 CeneJJ,Ka:ho Jlpyr6e lle.nO.
o. - Oller
Knpw
ppyer
T pilal> !
vi uze ~a~dali ! Qet jisco i fstalovaj aRa\ sci i kasa 1 a ja kakras
I
kugil jil6lkU 1 xatil i T jilotk> !
R. -Res Hi, fellows! Have you had dinner already? Not yet. At the dining haJJ it's schi and kasha again. Well it just so happens I bought herring. Want some? Herring! I That's different!
eta drugoja fJelal
o. 5
}(ne6 y HaC CcTb. Orypu;bJ TOJKe.
xlop un:is jell! agurci t6Zi !
We have bread. Cucumbers too.
K.
r llC ",e ORe? B wKaifly?
g4eii atil! f'lkafii T
Where are tbey, in the cupboard ?2
HCT, Ha Otme.
Qel! noakQe!
No. on the window [ledge}.
6
o. 7
LESSON
5
65
n_
alek 1
8 Oner,
nares agurci 1 no! ISlaie I vjiiscits: i ! Qi yiiu 1 IIit lolb yilJ>i I i 1611p 1 vol 6n 1
nape)l(b oryPUbt.
HOiK B CTone, 8 siutHKC.
0_
9 He BH>Ky.
TYr TOJlbKO
BHnKH
H J16:lKKH.
K- ID BOT OB,
I don't see it. There are just
forks and spoons here. Here it is, on the desk.
n:;Jstale!
H3 CTOlle.
NOTES
Oleg, slice the cucumbers. The knife is in the desk drawer.)
I
Herring is a very common food in the Russian diet; it is served not only as
an appetizer, but as a main course as well. 2 Each room in a university dormitory has its DlKicll. which may serve both as a cupboard and as a wardrobe. (Built-in closets are not to be found in the Soviet Union, nor are they generally found elsewhere in Europe.) Each floor in the dormitory has a kitchen where students can prepare tea, snacks, or light meals.
Auttil' is used
here as drawer, but it also means box. It differs from KopOOKa, which designates a small box or onc made of cardboard, in that it is usually larger and made of wood. Note also that nOn means both table aDd desk; the latter comes from mtCLMelIH.... ii crOJi writing table. J
Basic sentence patterns I. HHTepCcHO, '1T6 cer6.a.llR na 06e.a.? - W,u 1-1 l:3.wa. - Ii6put H xawa. - Cene.a.Ka. - Pbl6a. - 66put H pt:J6a.
Wonder what's for dinner today? Schi and kasha. Borsch aDd kasha. Herring. Fish. Borsch aDd fish.
2. 6H He.o.fumo min 'IaiL
He drank tea awhile ago. She draDk _ They drank _ He drank coffee awhile ago. She drank _ They drank _ He drank milk awhile ago. She drank . They drank _
DHa
OHJla
minH 6H He.a.aBHo n1ln Kcxpe.
DnH
DHa
n"Jla
DHH
rlIinlJ
_
_ _ _
6H He.a.3.BHO n1U1 MOJlox6. DHa
nHJla
_
Dmt
OWU!
_
3. CTOJl6oa.lt OTKpblTa" Jla6opaT6pH.It OTKpt:JTa? 06'fTa OTKpt:JTa? Kop66xa OTlCPblTa?
66
LESSON 5
Is Ihe dining hall open? _ _ laboratory open? _ _ post office open? _ _ box open?
D,aePb OTKpbfTa? 3aBO.n: On:PbIT? KJIY6 orxPbl'r? .stlU.lt.K OTXpbl'r? ropcoatT on:pblT? nopT¢lCnb orxPhn"? C06paHHe oncPhn"o? OlmO orxPbrro? 06m.e:llCHTHe OTKpblTO?
Is the door open? _ _ plant open? _ _ club open? _ _ drawer open? _ _ gorsovet open? _ _ briefcase open? _ _ meeting open? _ _ window open? _ _ donnitory open?
4. 8w y:»ce r6no)),HhJ? - D,a, Ii )':lICe rono.n:eH. - )l,a, Ii )':lICe rono.a.ua. - D,a, Mbl )':lICe rono.lUlbi. - HtT, Ii ewe He rononeH. - HtT, Ji ewe He rOJloJIHa. - Hb, MbI ewe He rOno,lJ;Hl:>l.
Are you already hungry? Yes, I'm already hungry. Yes, _
5. 8b1)':l1Ce noo6eJ:ta.Jrn? - )l,a, Ji y:»ce noo6e.n:an. - Jl.a, Ii )':lICe noo6e.n:ana. - ,l{a, MbI y.«e noofie.n:anH.
Have you already had dinner? Yes, I've already had dinner.
-
Elll.e OCT.
8b1 }':lICe ofienanH? - Her, Ji eme lie o6Cnan. - Her, .Ii emc He o6C.n:ana. - Her, MbJ ewe He Ofie.n:aJIH. 1
6. Y HaC ten. ___ ____ ____
Yes, we're already hungry. No, I'm not hungry yel.
No.
No, we're not hungry yet.
Yes,
No. No, we
XJle6.
We have bread.
_ _ _ bon;ch.
p";6a.
_ _ _ fish. _ _ _ kasha.
_ _ _ wHo
_ _ schi.
_ _ _ orypo..:..
_ _ _ cucumbers.
_ _ _ _ ':Ill". _ _ _ K6e. _ _ _ _ MonoKo.
_ _ _ tea. _ _ _ coffee.
7. r.n:e:llCe UO:llC? - Ha CTOne. - 8 JiLWiKe. - Ha OI01e. - B CTOne, a lhuHlte. - B nopnptne. - 8 Iop66Ke.
- BlllIa4JY.
_
Yes, we've already had dinner. Not yet. Have you already had dinner? No, J haven't had dinner yet.
60pw.
dwa.
_
_ _
_ _ milk.
Wherc's the knife? On the table. [n the drawer. On the window sill. In the desk (or table) drawer. In the briefcase. In the cardboard box. In the cupboard.
, In both the question and answer, either the imperfective oM.itll.ll or tlie perfective IIoo6enaJI may be used. The difference in meaning is slight. with IK)(l(iiLUlll focusing on the completion of the activity: H(ne you alrMdy finiJhed eating dinner? NOle. however. thaI in the ncgative answers, only o6b.aJI is used.
lBSON 5
67
Pronunciation practice: bard versus soft consonants A.
III
vs.
10
Usual Cyrillic
spe~ling
T; also Th,.a t or lU>.
Note the pronunciation of hard [IJ in the following: [na~tu]
to the post office
[stuQent]
student
and compare it with soft [lJ: [SRi~iti]
cnellutTc
(paslilU
nOCJIaTb
you're hurrying to send, mail
The formation of Russian hard [I] differs from that of English t in thai the tip of the tongue closes off the air stream by making contact against the back surface of the upper teeth. whereas English 1 is fonned by stopping the air stream Carther back, on the ridge of the gums behind the teeth. Sort Russian ltJ. on the other hand, is formed by a closure of t..he front part of the blade of the tongue (not the tip) against the ridge of the gums and has the effect on the ear of being followed by a y·like glide. In addition, neither Russian hard [t] nor soft [tJ (nor any other Russian consonant, for that matter) ever has the puff of breath that usually accompanies English I. Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard [t] and soft Itl, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Be sure to avoid the puff of breath that often accompanies the English I.
B.
(d] vs. [4]
Usual Cyrillic spelling A; sometimes Ab, T, or Th.
Note the pronuncialion of hard [d] in the following: [davn6] [zdar6vi] [kudil] [;du]
.ll.aSll6 3.ll.op6obl
"yaa HJlY
for a long time healthy where to I'm going
and compare il with soft [4]: Iy;~il]
BliAeJI
1~;lil]
~enil
[n~zav64i]
113
li~6lJ
HJleT
3a86.ue
saw affairs at the plant is going
Russian hard [d] is made wilh the tongue in the same position as Russian hard (t] and [nJ, Ihal is. well forward of the posilion for making the corresponding English sounds and with the
68
LESSON 5
tongue touching the teeth. Russian soft Russian [\1 and [9].
[4J is made with the tongue in the same position as for
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard [dJ and soft [4J, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can.
c.
[n] vs. [Q]
Usual Cyrillic spelling H; sometimes
lib.
Note the pronunciation of hard [n) in the following: [n:>ur6k]
Ha ypOK
[napot!u]
ua n6
[nul
nJ'
to the lesson to the post office well
and compare it with soft [9]: [Qin:» [d:>syidAQj:>]
Hiiua
IrpaJ~el
DUOJlDe
Nina good-bye fully. completely
l~e~J
)leHb
day
)l0 CBu.na,DillI
Russian hard [n] is formed, like Russian hard It], by closing off the air stream with the tip of the tongue which strikes the back surface of the upper teeth. (Be careful not to make an English n. where the air stream is closed farther back on the gums above the upper teeth 1) Russian soft (Q] is formed like Russian soft It], that is. with the front part of the upper surface of the tongue against the ridge of the gums above the upper teeth and with the tip of the tongue touching tbe teeth. It has the effect of being followed by a y·like glide and sounds something li.ke English ny in such words as canyon and onion; however, the y*like glide in Russian must never be separated and made a separate consonant sound as it is in English. Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating hard [n] and soft {Q], imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Notice par* ticularly that before [k) and [g], Russian [nJ does not take on the ng sound that occurs in such English words as bank and finger.
Grammatical gender of nouns All Russian nouns belong to one of three genders: masculine. feminine. or neuter. Besides distinctions based on natural gender. such as we find in English, Russian assigns all nouns to one of the three categories. LESSON 5
69
MASCULINE CT)'.neHT student club KJJj6 lesson ypOK '!Milea city r6po.n y'l.JtTCJIb teacher
FEMININE CT)'.neHTKa :lKemi. n6'1Ta pbi6a npae.na JIa60paT6pHJI
student wife post office fisb truth laboratory
NElITER
rntChM6 OICUO
II1Ian.e
co6pAHJle o6llte:lKihHe
letter window dress meeting dormitory
It is essential for the student of Russian to know the gender of each noun be encounters. This is important because such words as adjectives and past tense verbs vary their form in agreement with the gender of the noun they accompany. EXAMPLE
MASCULINE SUBJECT M6ii nopT
My briefcase was there. My wife was there. My letter was there.
The gender of most nouns can be predicted from the written nominative singular form. Nouns whose final letter in tbe nominative singular is a bard consonant, "I, lit, or ii (i.e., with a zero ending), are masculine. Similarly, most nouDS ending in -a or -II are feminine, and nouns ending in -0, -e, or -e are neuter. FEMININE
MASCULINE husband dinner table knife Ivan key bo=h lea
My><
o6eA CT6JI H6",
11...
.
KJlJO'I
OOpllt
,
ceCTpa 3HMa Kop66Ka U1X6JIa J1PHRa POCCHlif
ra.. ceMbi
sister winter box (cardboard) school Irina Russia Galya family
NElITER
Yrpo
morning
nepO
pen
Aeno
business sea field existence linen
M6pe n6JIe
"'6enbi ........
Nouns ending in -8 or --JI are masculine, however, if they refer to a male person: JJ.iJIK uncle, .neAYUlKll grandfather, BaM Vanya (Johnny), MHma Misha (Mike), Crenll Styopa (Steve), rpHwll Grisha (Greg), BJiCSil Vasya. Most of tbese are nicknames. Nouns whose gender cannot be ascertained from the written fonn alone are those wbose nominative s.inguJar ends in the soft sign ....... Most of these nouns are feminine, but many are masculine. They will be identified as m (masculine) or f (feminine) in the glossaries. for example, Ocettb (f)/all, OOiepem. (I) line, ,a:aePb (f) door, I10pTtenb (m) briefcase, aetu. (m) day; otherwise the gender of nouns will not ordinarily be indicated.
Verbal aspects Compared with the higbJy complex system or tenses in Englisb, the Russian verb is structurally very simple. English makes considerable use of such auxiliary verbs as do, have, be, and will in forming its many compound tenses. Russian uses only a single compound tense used to fonn one kind
70
La'iON
5
of future; otherwise, past, present, and future in Russian verbs are expressed by simple, one-word verb forms. To illustrate the economy of forms in the Russian system, compare the following: RUSSIAN
ENGLISH
pa60TaJJ
worked, was working, did work, used to work, have worked, had worked, had been working
Similarly, all of the following English verbal concepts can be expressed in Russian by the simple present verb paOOTafO: [I) work, [I] am working, [I] do work, [I] have been working, [I] have worked. Despite its structural simplicity, bowever, the Russian verb possesses an added dimension called "aspect," which enables it to make refinements comparable to the English. The system of "aspects" involves two contrasting categories: imperfective aspect versus perfective aspect. The aspect a Russian speaker uses depends on tbe way be views the action. Broadly speaking, the imperfectiW! aspect focuses on tbe activity as a process, without regard to ils tenninaling point in time. The perfective aspect, on the other hand, focuses on tbe activity as a completed (or to be completed) action marked off in time, often emphasizing the result rather than the process. Compare the use of the two aspects in the past tense of the verbs oo...- ymin. and t.::ymin.; IMPERFECrtVE
1t uOKynarra nomipo.:.
I was buying a present.
PERFECTIVE
4TO JKe BY KyniUtU?
And what did you buy?
Note also the differences between tbe following: IMPERFECTIVE
Mbi He,l],3.BHO miJlH 'UiH.
PERFECTIVE
My y;«e BbmJuuI 'tali. Om\ CM'OTpMB B OIWO.
IMPERFECTIVE PERFECTIVE
tMPERFECTIVE PERFECTIVE
Qlla UOCMo~a B OKHO. 4TO Bh"1 ,l],emu.:H? 4TO ab! CltenaJJH?
We drank (or were drinking) tea not long ago. We already drank (or finished drinking) tbe tea. She was looking out the window. She took a 'ook out the window. What did you do? Or What were you doing? What did you do? Or What did you get done? Or What have you done?
Imperfective and perfective verbs often differ structurally only in that one is prefixed and the other nol. Both imperfective and perfective verbs may be used in the past and future. In the present, only imperfective verbs are used.
PRESENT
PAST
IMPERFEcnVE
PERFECTIVE
Ii CMoTpCn I was looking Iloaked
Ii
CMOTplO
I'm looking I look
Ii nocMoTJ>C:]1 I took a 'ook
FUTURE
Ji. 6YJlY CMOTpCTb 1'1/ be looking
I'll look
Ji noeMoTplo I' /I take a look
Note that it is almost always the perfective verb that is prefixed: IMPERFECTIVE
PERFECm'E
IMPERFECTIVE
PERFECTIVE
ruiTb
ab!nHn.
nOCMOTpCn.
,l],tnaTb
c,l],enan.
"OHTlt
LESSON 5
7]
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
Replacement of nouns by tbird person pronouns: oU, OH8, ouo, and OHM: MOOELS
rll,e
KHpHJUl? -
r./le
noprq:.enb? -
8M 611.
8M 611.
Cue HpHlla? ~ BOT Qlla. rll,C Kop66Ka? -
8M
rll,e 06UAC)fOITlfC? -
r.ne nl1CbM6? -
OHa.
8M QUO.
BOT 0116.
rll,C K"pliJIJI 11 HpHHa? -
rne orypu.b.l? -
BOT ami.
BOT OHil .
Wherc's Kirill? Here he is. Wherc's the briefcase? Here it is. Wherc's Irina? Here she is. Wherc's the box? Here it is. Wherc's tbe dormitory? Here it is. Wherc's the leiter? Here it is. Where are Kirill and Irina? Here they are. Where are the cucumbers? Here they are.
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models after your instructor (or the tape) until you can answer the questions automatically according to the pattern. • QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
1. Where',s the student? He's here. T: rJJ,e CTYIlCHT? s: O"TYr'
2. Where's the briefcase? It's there. T: rae nopT¢lenh?
s: OHriM. T: rae nO'lTa?
T: Cae cry,actfn::a"
s: OBi TYr.
s: OBi ri.",.
(HHua, Uapam,HH, EBreHHH, ::teeHa, My::«, Oner, 6ml, neB)
Mlina,
(nHcbMo, co6paHHe, lUIy6, na60paTopHg, 06me)KHTue, ce.ne.nxa, .£I;Bepb, Kop66Ka, O'lepellb, 'Iaii, OKllO, nOiKICa, BKnka, lilllHK, nOAapOK)
3. Where's the knife, 011 the tab/e? Yes, it's 011 the tab/e. T: rAe 1I0)l(, Ha crone?
s: )la, OH H8
CTOJU~.
T:
rAe 'Iail, 113 crone?
s:
)la, 6ft H8 crone. (66pm, nopnPen.b, ll:op66rta, ce.ne.r:u;a, nO:ll:lCH, BHmrn, orypubf, rrnCbMo, 'laM, MaTtpHan, MonOJ:o, 06eA. XJlOO, pblOO)
4. Is the knife there? Yes, it's lhere. T: HO)l( TaM? s: ){li, On T8M. T: Pbi6a TaM? s: .lI;a, nHa riM. (rrnChMO, orypubr, 'IaH, coUpaHHe, CT6.n, aSTooyc, ICOlltlepT, nOAapolC, nopTcpe.m., pbl6a, nnaT'be, wd
DISCUSSION
The masculine pronoun 08 substitutes for masculine nouns such as nOJi lab/e, BanH Vanyo, ypOK lesson, and ,/leHb day. The feminine pronoun om~ substitutes for feminine nouns such as ""eHa wife, ceJlCltKa herring. Jla60pn6pHR laboratory, and epem line or lurn.
o..
72
U!SSONS
The neuter pronoun OliO substitutes for neuter nouns such as nHCbMO letter, 01('110 window, jTpo mornil/g, and nJTli'rLe dress. Oil and OHa mean he and she respectively when referring to person and iJ when referring to things. Ouo means only if, since one does not use oHO in referring to persons. l
Interrogatives KTO and 'ITO MODELS
6w.? TaM 6hlJla HJ.lHa. TaM 6bln Hoal... TaM 6bllIH HHlla H YlaaH.
Who was there? Nina was there. Ivan was there. Nina and Ivan were there.
6bll1O lIa CTone? Ha CTOne 6b.ln no.aapoK. Ha CTone 6blmi. pbJ6a. Ha crone 6b.lno nJICbMO. Ha CTOne 6b.lnn Orypubl .
What was 011 the table? There was a present on the table. There was a fish on tbe table. There was a leuer on the table. There were cucumbers on the table.
KT<) TaM
-
YT()
-
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models after your instructor (or the tape) until the verb agreement becomes automatic. (Note that in the question 6w is used with KTO and 6Y.'TO with 'ITo.)
• CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
The following drills should be performed as 'simple repetition drills until the student(s) can answer automatically. (During the repetition stage the teacher may ask for both group and individual responses.) l.
(Mila)
Who was there? Mila was there.
T: (MHna)
KTO TaM 6bln?
s: TaM 6L1na Mlina. T: (XJI-rpOO) KT6 T3.M 6bln? s: TaM 6buJ XHTpOB. (M}0k, :«ella, HHHa, JIeo, EoreHHii, CeMeH, Oner H OJlR, H,iHa H HoalL CTy,l],eHT H CTY.QeHTKa)
2.
(a lable) T: (CTon)
What was there? There was a table there. lho TaM 6bUIO?
s: T: (pw6a)
TaM 6w crOJl. YTO TaM 6uJlO?
s:
TaM 6L1Jui pbi6a.
(mlcbMO. ypOK. co6paHHe, KOHU.Cvr, no,l],apoK. 66pm, ilIlaThe, Kop66Ka, orypu.bl, 'fail, xnoo, oWorn H nO)ICJl:H)
, The Russian pconouns 611, Old, and 0IIli are used only in rd'erem:e 10 a specific masculine. feminine. or neuter- noun. They are never used to Iranslale lhe emplY English inlroouctory if in such sentences as: I(s fUff!. The it of such sentenco:s is simply omitted in RllS$ian. EXAMPLES Y:a: noollffo. It's already late. Was it interesting then:'? Tbf 6Wno KHTepCcuO'? It's still early. Em!! pano. LESSON 5
73
3.
(Nina)
Who was standing there? Nina was standing there.
KTO TAM CTOli.n? TiM c-roina Hua. T: (nes H MJina) KTO TAM CTOJln? s: TiM C"fOJirIH Jlea H MiiJIa. (CTYJteHT, CTY,QeHTl:a, OIler, 6Jll1., llapanJ:HH, XHl"pOB, CT}'JteKT H CTYJteuna) T: (Hlllia)
s:
DISCUSSION
In terms of grammatical agreement, t..-rO who is treatoo as masculine singular even though the person asking the question may know that the referent will be a female person or more than one person. Similarly, "ITO is treated as neuter singular. Note that "TO what is pronounced [sto).
Introductory :ho MODELS
liTO :)TO '! - 3TO fiHCbMO. A 3TO "ITo? - 3To nOJtapox 6Ile.
What's that? It's a letter. And what's this? It's a present for Olya. Is that you, Kirill? No, it's me, Lev. That's different. What 3re those, cucumbers?
~~~ . v..· ? ..::7TO Tbl, IUlPHJUI •
- Her, no Ji, ReB. :no Jtpyr6e Jteno. liTO :no, orypubi? • CUED QUESTlON·ANSWER DRILLS
The item to be substituted is to be given first, followed by the question and then the student answer. (a letter) What's that?
1.
(Evgeny)
2.
It's a letter. T: (nHCbMO) liTO :iTo? S:
3TO nHChMO.
T: s:
T: (JiWHK)
liTO :)TO?
T:
S:
3TO~.
s:
(CTon, pw6a, kAwa, ceneJtxa, .ztBtPb, omo, UOpT¢lenb, 'fan, x6¢le, 3BT66yc, UOllC)
Who's there? It's me, Evgeny. (EsreH"") KTO TIt.1IH:nnOBH'f)
DISCUSSION
The introductory word iTo usually indicates something not previously described or specified, but about which some statement is to be made. It can be translated as this, that, these, those, and sometimes (particularly in a rejoinder) it. 74
LESSON 5
The irregular present tense of XOTeTb MODEL
J1. XO'ly naunt Ha KOHuepT. Tbi X6..ewb _
I want to go to tbe concert. You want
_
Ou
He wants We want
_ _
You want
_
They want
_
XOlfeT
_
Mbi XOTHM Rbi XOnITe
_
OHli xOTn ~
_
_
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the model afier your instructor (or the tape) until you can reproduce aU forms accurately.
• REPETITION-SUBSTITUTION DRILL
She wants to go
(0
the concert.
0ua XO'feT noiint H3 kOHuepT. s: QHa xO..eT nom 118 ti:OHJ.lepT. (KHplffin, ThI, Ii, "liHa, Mbl, OHU, BbI, Oner
T:
II
CArna)
• QUESTION· ANSWER DRILL
Don', you want 10 go there? No. I don',. T: DbI He xOTiITe ItJtTI't: TY.na" s: He-r. He xo"lj. T: 6n He XO'leT HJ1TH Ty.na? s: HeT, He xO
The verb xOTh.. has an irregular present tense. It follows a first conjugation pattern in the singular and a second conjugation pattern in the plural. Note that the final stem consonant is 'I in the singular and T in the plural, and that the stress is on the endings except for the second and third persons singular. SINGULAR
PLUJW.
XOOfy
XOTHM
XO'lClUb
XOnITe
x6'leT
XOTJIT
LESSON 5
75
The past tense MASCULINE SUBJECT
6H
6Wi
8
r6po.ne.
A .nasuo oac He BlI.rteJI.
Tw Kymi:Jt cene)lKy? Ceromul Mj)K He 6b1Jf lIa cnYJo:6e. He BH,a;eJla.
FEMININE
QHa 1138110 B3.C
SUBJECT
Hillla, n;, 6t.vJa B r6ponc? .[la, Ii OOk"Y"ana nnan.e.
11 .n6nro CTma 8 NEUTER SUBJECT
OlfCpeJlH.
B'lcpa 61.71110 co6pallHc. nUCbMO 6bU1o fla CTOne. Monol
rne
PLURAL
A
SUBJECT
OIlH CToilJlH B 6'lcpe)lH.
!:lb' 6bu1H?
4TO Dbl JtCJUlJIH?
Mbl IIc.rtaBHO 116)1(101 6bmH
'fail. CTone.
liMN 113
He was in IOwn. I haven't seen you in a long time. Did you buy herring '] My husband wasn't at work today.
She hasn'l seen you in a long time. Nina, were you in town? Yes, 1 was buying a dress. I siood in line for a long time. There was a meeting yesterday. The letter was on the table. The milk was standing 00 the window sill.
-
And where have you been? They were standing in line. What have you been doing'? We drank tea awhile ago. The spoons were on tbe table.
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat tbe above models, observing the basic pattern. The past tense is regularly signaled by tbe suffix -n, usually added to a vowel-ending stem. The endings that follow are gender-number endings, with zero for masculine, -8 for feminine, -0 for neuter, and -II for plural. Note that the past tense fonns always have a hard n in the singular, but a soft n in the plural: nM (gil] versus mimr (gitil, CToliJl [stajal] versus CTo!i:n:. [stajaliJ. • REPETITION-SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
1. We drank tea not long ago. T: Mbl HeJl3..BHO mim.. 'laH.
s:
MY HeJlUIlO
n".Jul .. aii.
(MYJK. ami, EBremlH, Hlilla, cry,nellT " cTYJleHTKa, )l(eBa)
On",
Bhl,
2. Ivan was hurrying to the meeting. T: HBllH cneWHn lIa co6pa.lHe. 5: JiBall CUernHn lIa c06paIlHe. (Thl, HHHa, Mf.'K, Bbl, )KeH8., aHa, li, Mhl, MY>K " )KeHa, OIlH, 6u, olUi)
3. He hasn't seen you in a long time. T: Oil JlaBII6 BaC lie BH,aen.
s: Ou
JUlBHO BaC He BtiJJ.e.rr.
(w, Mj:lK, )l(eua, O..IUI, rAmI, w, OHIt. UapOrnrnu) • TRANSFORMATION DRILLS
I. The borsch is on the table. The borsch was on the tab/e. T: 66pLU Ha CTOne. s: I)6pI..Q 6LI.'1 Ha CTO.'1e. 76
LESSON 5
T: finan.e Ha crone. S: fLn:jn.e
6Wro
Ha CYMe.
(n6)l(, KOp66K3., OHCbM6, nOJ],apoK,n6:lKKa. n6JKKJ1, d.ll.la, 'laH, 06eJ],. mH, xne6)
2. The herring is in the cupboard. The herring lI'as ill the cupboard. T: CeJle,nKa 8 wKa4JY. S: CeJIe~ ...-a 6h1Jui 8 WKa4!Y.
T: MaTcplia..n 0 wKa4JY. s: MaTCpHM 6LIJI 8 wli'a¢lY. (orypubl, pbi6a, Kama, "faH, OKnxH, nO)i(KH, lUle6, UOPT~llb, nHCbMO,
Kop66Ka) • QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Where was Evgeny? He was aJ the meeting.
2. What was she doing? She was standing in line.
T: r.ae 6bm Eoreu""?
1': 41'0 aHa .a.enana?
Oua CT'Oina B o-tepe.a.lf.
s:
Ou 6Wi Da cOOp'tlMH.
s:
T:
r~e
1': 41'0 0" ,nenan? S: OK crotin B O"lepe,llJl. 41'0 ami .nenana? 41'0 Obi .nenana, CeMCH? 41'6 abl ,ucnaml, MMa? 41'0 TW ,ue.n.an, Cama? lIT6 Tb' .n:e.nana, HJ.lHa?
6wui Hfuta?
s: Qua 6t.u1li
H8 co6p8HHK.
(On,., KupuJUI, CT}'~eHTKa, :lKeml, lIeo Oller, cry,neHT Ii crY,l.l,eHTKa) 3. Where's O/ya, dOWlltOWII? No, bur she was downtown.
T: r.tl.C OnJl, 0 r6po.o:e? s: HeT, 110 OHa 6blJUl 8 rOpo)l,e. T: r.ne EOreHHH, 0 r6po.tl.e? S: HeT, 110 OH 6bvi 8 rOpo)l,e. (UapinxHll, KJlPHJUI OHU,
naenOOIi"f,
Ii
OH,
aHa)
• TRANSFORMATION DRILL
Where was O/ya sJanding? Where was she standing? T: r.o:e crOlina O.JlJl? S: CT01iJIa? I
nte Ofta
T: r.a.e crain EoreHHH? S: rAe OK croM? r.o:e CTO.liJrn KupHm1 II CeMeH? (HIIHa, 11eo, Mlflla, MY:lK Ii )KelH'i) • QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
t. What did you buy, O/eg? I bought bread and herring. T: lho obi: Kyrnirrn, OJIcr? s: H li'YmUi XJlOO H CeJle.rtKy. ....
•
A
?
unJi. s: A Kymina xne6 H ceM,llKy.
T: ""ITO Obi KyrnuDI,
LITO Obi Kymurn, pe6lin? LITO Kymin 11eo? LITO Kymina O.JlJl? 4TO Kymina )i(r.;':r? 4TO kymin Mt.«?
2. What were you doing, O/ya? I was buying a briefcase.
T: liTO Obi .n:e.nanH, Omr? s: A IIoKYrulJla nopr(lenb, T: LITO SbI .n:enanl1, lIes? S: ~ aOKynall nopT¢lMb.
(MMa, KIfPH.rtn, HHtta, CeMeH, Cama)
, In I'{Ji questions of this Iype the pronoun must puc~ (he verb: Cf.e otdi crOli.rla! A noun, however, may appear either bc:foll: or after the verb: rne Om.n crotina! (Or rlle crojna OJlW"a!) LESSON 5
77
DISCUSSION The past tense of Russian verbs is expressed by the past tense suffix -JI plus the appropriate gender or number ending to agree with the subject. With most verbs the past tense suffix is added to a form of the stem ending in a vowel: 6':'-n, AYM&-J1, nOKyna-n, BHn.e-n, cToli-n, rOBOpH--n, and so forth. Stress. The stress is usually the same in aU four forms of past tense, but may shift to the ending in the feminine fonn, particularly with the shorter verbs. Compare 6bvi, 6':'Jlo, 6WH with 6l.1na (t); also nHJI, n"Jlo, nHJDI with DHna (t). In the combinations uii 61:>1J1, HC 6l.1J1o, and lie 6b1nH, the stress shifts from the verb to the negative particle He, Note, however, that it remains on the verb in the feminine form lie 6wJla.
REFERENCE
Infinitive
6W'L be min. drink 3HaTL know nocmiTL send ,1I,CJlaTL do JJ.ocTaTL get CJrbuuaTL hear pa60TaTL work 06e,1l,aTL dine noot}CAaTL dine nOKymh'L buy Kymin.
buy
cnelmtTL hurry BH,neTL ",e CMOTpCTL look nOCMoTpCTL look XOTeTL want
qTEHHE H nHCbMO
78
LESSON
5
Masculine
6hlJl min 3H!vI
nocn3.n nenan .l:IOCT3.n CJlblll.lan pa66Tan o5eAan noo6ellaJI lloKyn3.JI KynHJI CnClllHJI 8H,uen cMoTpCn nOCMOTpeJi XOTeJI
LIST
Of
PAST
TENS" FORMS
Feminine
6h1n-a nHn-a 311M-a nOCJllln-a nenan-a AOCTan-a CJIbIWan-3. pa66Tan-a o66n.aJT-a noo6ell.aJJ-a nOKymi.JI-a KyoHJI-a CneWHJI-a BH.ll:CJI-a CMoTpe.rr-a nocMorpen-3. XOTeJJ-a
READING AND WRITING
Neuter
6blJl-O nHn-o 3HiuHl
nocniuJ--o nen3n-o AOCT3.n-O CJ1hlWaJI-o pa6oTan-o oGeAan-o noore.ll:aJJ-o nOKymlJl-o KynHJI-o CneWHJI-o Blf.rr.eJl-O CMOl'pen-o IlOCMOTpCJI-O XOTe.........
Plural
6hl))-H rrHJI-M 3Ha.JI-H nOCJ1aJJ-M JJ.CnaJI-H LIOCT3..JI-H CJlbIWaJl-H pa60TaJI-H oGeaaJl-H no05cLIaJJ-H nOKynan-H KyoHJI-H CneWHJI-H BH,uCJI-H CMOTpe.rr-H OOCMOTpen-H XOTCJI-H
LESSON
5
79
80
LESSONS
J,
:J
LESSON 5
81
LESSON
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
nepOblH ,neHb nepSblH ,neUb S yHJtBepcHme. ,neBnb no'fTIi Y:lKt
00......
1I,eawn..
napa nopi 1U{Ili. rOT08 (m), rOT08a (f)
Ho li
ewe He f'OTOBa.
PY
pY'tICa [H]3H3.Jo He lHlUo. r,a;e M01f PYOUI:a. MOJi
n6JlKa
lIa nonICe SOH TaM
A BOU TiM, aB. uomce, lie omi?
TeTp3Jlb (I) 3T" TeTp3..AH
ace 3TH TeTp8M:
Te6e 33.'1CM
31..
Te6e Te6e ace in T~!
33'1CM
H
~a.
npas.na npaa.na. KH"ra
""".... (pfv) 83m
6
nepowii lleHb B yllHBepcHTbe the first day The first day at the university_ nine almost It's almost nine already. time, it's time It's time to be going. ready
But I'm not ready yet. pen, penholder my pen I know I don't know where my pen is. shelf, bookcase on the shelf, on the bookcase over there, over yonder But over there on the shelf, isn't [that] it? notebook these notebooks, those notebooks all those notebooks for you, to you why, what for, for what purpose why do you need And why do you need all those notebooks? truth; it's the truth, tbat's right Yes, you're rigbt.
book books to take 83
[Ji]
>1
803bMY
803bMY TOJIhKO KHHrH.
OlIHY TeTpMb Bo3LMY TOJu"KO KIIIinI H OAHY TeTp8ro:.. 803bMH
Kapaa.na rn H kapaH.lJ.Aw BOObMH. H ewe .... pa.u.a8.tu a03LMIi,
noUJJtH
I'll take I'll take just the books. one notebook 1"11 take just the books and one notebook. take! pencil And take a pencil. And take a pencil too. let's go! we're off! Well, let's go! all, everything (here all set) Well, all set, let's go!
Hy, noumii!
see H Y ace, n(llll.llli!
Here's the university!
OH 6Y.aeT rOBopHTb
n.e 6Y,ller rOBOpH-rL pCKTOp? [zdaQj;)]
3.aaHHe
60JlLWOe 3.aaltHe
Tbl:
8H.zJ.HWb
Tb.i 8H.n.uWh 6oJIhrnOe 3JJ.3.HHe? B6H TiM. BH,.amrn. 60JlbrnOe 3.Q.3.HHe? 6H6mto-reKa
up6THB
80H riM.
6H6JIHOTeKH
KMIIHlIJL
fionbUJ6e J.aiHae
np6nm 6H6mtoTelOl?
,lIa,
lhe chanccllor, the presidenl (of lhe university) hc'lI speak Where will the chancellor speak? building the large buiJding you see 00 you see tbe large building? Over there. Do you see the large building? library opposite the library Over there. Do you see the large building opposite the library?
BDiy.
Yes, I see.
Torna
then, in that case long Well, so long then.
nod.
SO
Hy, TGrll,a nod. SUPPLEMENT
nepo
r.ae nep6? 'leU (m)
4eu 3TO
KapaHJJ.3m!
-Mou. """ (I) 4bJl .iTo KHHra?
-Moli. '"" (0) 4bt
no fiHCbMO?
-Moe.
3an BOT 3an, rlle
6YAe-r
ptKTOp.
84
LESSON 6
rOBOpHTb
pen point, pen Where's a pen? or Where's a pen point? whose Whose pencil is this? Mine. whose Whose book is this? Mine. whose Whose letter is this? Mine. hall (room within a building) Here's the hall where the chancellor will speak.
IIePBLIH )leu.. B yUUBepCUTeTe H. -
r. -
H.
HHKomBi (K61l.ll), 6pAT ranHHa (ranJl). cecTp3.
raJUI, YJKC DOlfTH ):leBRTb.
napa H.ATH. r.
2 Ho H eUle He rOTOB3. He :malO, rAe MO" py'lK3. I
H. J, A BOH H3
Qiznaju g~e
I
maja rutb!
I
napol~i!
neniCe,
4 .lI.a, npaBLl3. B03bMY TOJ1bKO KHHni H O,llHy
!
no ja jisco !J.igatov;) 1
a v6n lam
HiM,
He 0",1? M: 3a'lCM Te6e Bee 3TH TeTpa)l,J.t?
r.
gal' ! ufe patli ~eyil para illi!
TeTpa,ab.
Qiana
i
i zatem Ii lie
rle eli
I
lilra~i j
da j pravda j va~mu tolb kQigi i adnu titnit 1
I
H. 5
M ewe KapaHltam B03bMH.
i jisco k;:>randas vappJ
r.
Hy BCe.
nu
nowmiP
palli j
6
1
rio j
••• H.
7 BOT H ynHBepcHTh!
r.
8
H.
9 B61:1
r.n.e 6y,neT rOBopHTb pCKTOp?l
v6t i uQiyir~i\et! g~e bu~il
govapI rSkl,r j
von lam 1
TaM.
BH,uHWb 60JlbWOe 3.a.aHHe npoTHB 6H6J1110TeKH?
yi~il
balloj. zdaQj. protir lI ib !ia lelP j
r. 10 }:la, BIDKy.
dii j yifu j
H. 11 Hy, Tor.uA nOKa.
nu tagda pad 1
NOTES
I
1 Of the two words for pen, py"Ka is more commonly used in the Soviet Union now than nepa. More specifically, PY"tK8 means penholder and nep6 pen point. Notice that these teons all refer to the old-fashioned type of pen used with an inkwell. Fountain pen is aBTOpy"lK8. let's go is actually the plural past tense fonn of noiiTIi to go, to set off used as a special imperative in highly colloquial style. Compare it with the English expression we're off. 2 DOUlllN
PeKTOp is comparable to our university or college president or chancellor. At the beginning of eacb academic year freshmen assemble in a large hall to hear an address given by him. j
LESSON
6
85
AMepHK8HcKHii: crY.l'CHT
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
aMepHlCaucKHH aMepHkauclCHH cryAeHT 6H aMepHXanCICHH cryAeHT. TaOH nepSblH ,a,eHb
American (adj only) an American student He's an American student. your first day to pass, go by passed, went [by] How did your first day go 1
npoRTH (prv I)
npowen
IUiK npornen TB6ii nepln"H ,!leu.. ?
all right (lit. nothing)
HH"Icr6
lfHqer6.
All right.
OJUln (m) aMepHXaHeu OroiH aMepHk3.Hen TiM 6blJ1 OmlR aMepHXaHeu.
one, a American an American There was an American there. lecture, class (at university level) at the lecture, in class at our lecture, in our class There was an American at our lecture.
neUUUl Ha neICWtH y HaC Ha nellauUf Y HaC Ha nekUHH 6bui OMH aMepHIC3Heu.
TbI 3Haewb
you know You know, there was an American at our lecture.
3Jllietub, y IISC Ha mSh.'"UHM
ow. oAHu aMepHKaneQ.
be's standing, he stands He's standing over there. that (over there, yon); that person, that one that person over there, the ooe over there That fellow standing over there 1 maybe, perhaps That fellow standing over there perhaps 1
OR crOUT
6H TAM CToHT. TOT, Til, T6;"Ii SOH Tin BOa TOT, "ITO TiM CTOHT1 MO)l(:eT 6bm. [moZ(Kl)bi~] M6»>eT oWn., .oH TOT, "ITO
•
• • TaM """" •
Tat>: iTo
())HJlHtm
rpallT.
Why that's Philip Grant. him; his Do you know him 1 to become acquainted, meet, be introduced [It'd be] interesting to meet [him]. Do you know him 1 [It'd be] interesting to meet [him].
er6 Tbl ero
3H8.CWb 1
n03I1a"OMHTbCH
[J)Qznakoqtitc:l]
I1HTepeeHo n03RakOMHThCJI. lW er6 lH8euu.? KHTepkao D031UlK6MJrn.ca.
:no MOR cecTp3. npHBfi,
())HJlNIBI. ~o
This is my sister. Hi Philip. This is my sister Galya.
MOti cecTpli
ram.. 6pAT
.>t
brother This is my brother, Kolya. now, just now, right away I saw you just now.
MOR 6pAT KOnJI.
3TO
ceH"IaC' sac ceH"IaC 8HJlCJt.
I
86
This word may be pronounoed either LESSON
6
[~i~sl
or
[~iMsJ.
JdtJKeTC~
Jt
BaC, KfmeTCSI, ceii'lac BH.aen.
ayJtHTOplUI B ayJ.tHTOpHH R TOM ayJtHTOpHH J1: de, n*e-rCK, ceirlac 8Jtnen 8 T6ii
ayllllT6p1D1.
Yes, I was there.
IJ.i, Ii rl." 6LvI1i.
no-pjccxu Rbi roBoprn
Rbi rOBoprn no-pyccKH. A 8Y xopoo.o roBOpH're . .pyttKH. Rbi J(jMaeTe
MHe d)l(eTCSI
BW AYMae-re? A MOe d]Ke-rCR lie O'lCtlb.
'tTO BbI ('iTO BbJ rOBopine)!
Hy 'ITO BY! Bno.rme xop0w6. BbI YIflUm: pyCCXHH lOW:
Ca.e BbI y'Uirnt PYccKHH
it seems It seems I saw you just now. auditorium, lecture room, classroom in the auditorium in that auditorium, in the auditorium there It seems I saw you just now in the auditorium there.
~3b1.K?
WJCoJia B WKOJle
Russian you speak You speak Russian. You speak Russian well, by the way. you think it seems to me You think so? It seems to me I don't [speak it] very [well]. you're not serious! what do you mean (lit. what are you saying)! Why what do you mean! [You speak] quite well. you studied Russian, language Russian Where did you study Russian '1 school (below university level) in school Where did you study Russian, in school?
Ha, 8
ymmepcIfTbe.
No, at the university.
SUPPLEMENT
AMepHKa On Y'lHJI pyCCKHH S13b1K R AMepHKc. aMepHKanKa KTO aHa, aMepHxaUl
A rOBopiO no-pYccKH. A rOBopiO no-aJlTmHickH. A He roBOp.o nO-aHTmiiickH. HenJ10XO Rbi Hennoxo roBOPH're no·pYccxH.
America He studied Russian in America. [an] American (f) What is she, an American '1 I speak I speak Russian. I speak English. I don't speak English. not badly, not too badly You don't speak Russian too badly.
LESSON 6
87
H. -
HlfKonaH (K6nSl)
r. - ranHHa (rA..rur) 41. r. - 4IlfnHnn rpallT (aMepHK3lleuj H.
r.
H.
r.
<1>.
r.
r.
<1>.
ramI?
gal' j
4 Tbl ero 311aewb?
Ii jivo znajis T in\iresn~ p~znakorpit~
n PHBe-r. HJlHnn! 3To MOJl cecTpa ranJi.
ppyel filip j
r.
el~ maja ~islra gal;,)!
zdrastujti ! ja vas kazit~ ~icas yiQil ft6j aUQit6riji !
7 Jja.
da j
g TaM 6b1na. A Db!: XopoWO rOBopHTe no·pyccKH.
ja tam bila ! a vi x~raS6
Bhl nyMaeTe? A MHe K3)KeTCJI He O·leHb.
vi dum~ji~i 1 a ffiQe ka1itc-;)
g:wari~i panjs~i
gQe vi ucili rus~j jizik 1
J 1 HeT.
Q
1 The
1
nu. sto vi! fpalQe x-;)raso!
15koli 1
NOTES
I
QiociQ j
10 fne Bbi Y'lHJlH pyCCKHH $lJhIK. B llJKOne?)
B yHHBcpcHTe-re.
88
1
6 3.n:paBCTByitTe !2 ii: BaC. KA)KeTCl'I, ceii'iac BH.n:en B TO" aylHtTOPIHf.
BnonHe xopomo.
<1>.
moz(id)bi~ von toil
J.1luepeeHo n03HaKOMHTbCJI.
9 Hy, 'ITO BM!
r.
Qicivo 1 znajis ! unas nalekciji I bi! aQin arpirikaQic 1 st";) tam slajil T I";)k el";) fitip granl !
r. 8
H.
kak pra~ol Iv6j gervij QeQ!
2 HH'fero. 3HaeWb, y HaC H3 neKUHH 6blJl O.n:HH 3MepHK3Heu.. I , J MO)KeT 6bTTb, BOH TOT. 'iTO TaM CTOHT? TaK :ho
5
H.
KaK npomen TROit nepBblit .n:eUb,
vUQiyir~i~e\i
1
nouns aMepHK8Helt and aMepKKaHKa refer to an American male and female respectively. The adjecLive &MeptlKaHc!'HH can never be used alone 10 refer to the person. Thus alHepllKllHckHii CTYJl.M or aMepHriHCKIlJI CT)'J1.e.mca is used for all American sludent, but only a\tepHK8HeQ or aMepHKiHl.-a for an American. Notice that none of these words is capitalized in Russian. LESSON 6
2 When introduced, Russians usually say simply )JlpasCT8yiiTe hello. With older people or distinguished individuals, however, one should use the more polite ronns corresponding to our Very pleased to meet you: O
is used with such verbs as roBOpm to speak, oomin. to read, and llllcin. to write.
Compare
pyccKllii 1I3boc? r,Qe ebi )"'IWm PYCCKJlM K3WK?
Do you know Russian? Where did you study Russian?
with
Bbi rosopiITe no-pyCCKII? Bbi 'lHT3.eTe no-pyttKH?
Do you speak Russian? Do you read Russian?
Bbi
lHaeTe
Basic sentence patterns I. 3TO Moil nepBLrii ).leHL B yHHBepcHTere. _ _ _ _~ B wK6ne. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 na6opaTopltH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 06lUe:lKHTHH.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ua :saa6Jle. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ H3
2. napa Hllut, KomI. Tbi
CJIy*:6e.
ytlCe
rOTOR?
- Aa, rOTOB. -
Her ewe.
-
Aa, Ji Y'ke rOT08. Her, A ewe He rOT08.
-
3. nopa HJJ;TIi:, -
raJUI. Tbi ytlCe rOTosa? Aa, rOToBa. Her eme. )la, A yxe rOToBa. Hth, .Ii ew:e HC rOTo8a.
4. nopa HllTH, pe6liTa. Bbl -
J].a,
-
Hheute.
Mbl
)"Ke rOTOBLJ?
rOToBbL
- Jl.a, -
s.
Mbi )')Ke rOToBbI. Her, MbJ ewe He rOTOObl.
Y:lKe napa HJJ:TIt Ha neKUHJO? - 113, yxe nopA. - ll.a, ,QaBl:IO napa. - )la, 'flKe ).leBRTb. - )la, noomt. n.eSJlTL. - )la, nOWJIH. - Ha, ewe pano.
6. J1D.eM 0 )'ltHBePCHTCT. _ _ 8 6H6JIHOTe"y. _ _ 8 aY.Q.HTOpmo.
It's my first day at the university. _ _ _ _ _ in school. _ _ _ _ _ _ in the laboratory. _ _ _ _ _ _ in the dormitory. _ _ _ _ _ _ at the plant. _ _ _ _ _ _ on the job. Time to be going, Kolya. Are you ready yet? Yes, I am. Not yet. Yes, I'm ready. No, I'm not ready yet. Time to be going, GaJya. Are you ready yet? Yes, I am. Not yel. Yes, I'm ready. No, I'm not ready yet. Time to be going, fellows. Are you ready yet? Yes, we are. Not yet. Yes, we're ready. No, we're not ready yet. Is it already time to go to the lecture? Yes, it's already time. Yes, it's long since time. Yes, it's already nine. Yes, it's almost nine. Yes, Jet's go. No, it's early still Lei'S go to the university. _ _ _ to the library. _ _ _ to the auditorium. I..ESSON
6
89
J.1JleM
7.
l(nY6.
_ _ B 06ll.le)fOtTJ.fe. _ _ B na60pn6pHIO. ___ 8 r6po,ll,.
Let's go ____ _____ _____
>t enemy ___ ____ ___ ___
I'm hurrying ______ ______ ______ ______
8
H3 H3 Ha H3 Ha
pa66Ty. n6'fTy. KOHUepT.
neJW.HlO. co6panHe.
8. ~TO Moli cecTp3 raJlll. __ 1016H 6ph K6JU1.
This is __ __ __
__ Moli ",eHa. __ M6H MY»c.
9. >t B3C BH.a.en Ha nenum.
rS'Me.
10. OH ttnepb 8 )'HHBt'pcHT¢'re.
He's at __ at __ in __ in __ at
_ _ _ B
aynHT6pHlf.
_ _ _ _ 8 6H6nH01i"e.
II. Ow He rOBOpHre no-pyccDS?
Bw Henn6xo r080plrre no-pYccKH.
_
xopow6
_
scer.d
_
_
_ T6JKe _onnb
_ _
_ _
_
6'feHb xopow6 BnonHe xopow6
my my my my
the club. the dormitory. the laboratory. town. to work. 10 Ihe post office. to the concert. to the lecture. to the meeting.
siSler Galya. brother Kolya. wife. husband.
I saw you at Ihe lecture. _____ at the meeting. _____ at tbe concert. _ _ _ at the plant. _____ downtown. _ _ _ in GUM.
co6pAHHu. _____ H3 1C0Hltepre. _____ H33aa6p;e. _ _ _ _ 8 repone. _ _ _ _ D.
____ B
to to to 10
~_
tbe the the the the
university now. club _ dormitory _ auditorium _ library _
You don't speak Russian, do you? You don't speak: Russian [tooJ badly. You speak Russian well. You always speak Russian. You also speak Russian. You're speaking Russian again. You speak Russian very weU. You speak Russian quite well.
12. Obi rOBOpHTe nO-3Hrmrn:CKH? - .Qa, r080p.o. - .QA, Ji rOBop.o no-aHrmiitckH. - .Qa, HO He 6'feHb xopow6. - Her, He rOBop.o. - Her, A He rOBop.o no-aHrJlHHCKH.
Do you speak English? Yes, I do. Yes, I speak English. Yes, but not very well. No, I don't. No, I don't speak English.
13. Bbi nOHHMae-re nO-aHrnHHCKH? - .Qa, nOHKMAJo. - .Qa, Ji nOHHM8.1O nO-aHrJlKHCKH. - Her, He nOHHMcUo. - Her, li He nOHHM8.1O no-aHrmmCKH.
Do you understand English? Yes, I do. Yes, I understand English. No, I don't. No, I don't understand English.
14. BWlCyminH cene.axy? _ _ _ _ pw6y? _ _ _ _ ""Hry? _ _ _ Te"l"j)3Ab 1
Did you buy herring? _ _ _ _ fish? _ _ _ _ a book? ______ a notebook?
90
LESSON
6
_____ ____ _____ ____
~,
----""=.
---_."", ....... , ---_.""" .
_ _ _ _ Monox6?
____ 0""'...' _ _ _ _ TeTpaaH?
bread? tea? coffee? milk?
_ _ _ _ _ cucumbers?
_ _ _ _ _ notebooks?
Pronunciation practice: hard versns soft consonants A.
lsI vs.
I~J
Usual Cyrillic spelling c; sometimes e...
3,
or
:lb.
Note the pronunciation of hard [s] in the following:
[vasl
",;C
[aft6bus]
aBT66yc
you bus
and compare it with soft
[~]:
l~iIjl6nl
Simon
If~uJ !Il;~m6J
all Jetter
Russian hard [s] is fairly similar to English s. Soft [~) is made by bringing the front part of the blade of the longue toward the upper gum ridge. It has the effect of being followed by a y·like glide. Sound Drill; Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard [s] and soft [~]. imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. B.
[zl vs. I~I
Usual Cyrillic spelling J; sometimes
lb, C,
or a..
Note the pronunciation of hard [z] in the following:
(zdrastuWJ [zdar6vi]
3JJ;paoCTByilTe
[nozav~1
Ha JaBo,D;e
J.ll.OpOBbl
hello healthy at the plant and compare it with soft
Ipmul Ipnol
and
JHMy 3Hua
h:J:
winter Zina
Russian [zl and [~] are made with the vocal organs in the same position as for Russian Is] but, in addition, they are voiced.
I~],
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard Izl and soft [~l, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you caD. LESSON
6
91
c.
['I
vs.
[rl
Usual Cyrillic spelling p; sometimes ph.
Note the pronunciation of hard [r] in the following: [zdn\stujti]
3JJ,pfl.BCrB yihe
[n~ur6k]
113 ypOK
[zdar6vi] [x::lras6]
3.D:OpOObl
xopow6
hello to the lesson healthy good, well and compare it with soft [r]:
KJ.lpHJlJl
[g~varat]
rOBopRT
Kirill they say
[tiger)
Tenepb
nnw
fIIipl]
Russian hard [rJ is unlike any variety of American English r. It is something like the "rolled" Scottish r and practically identical with the r of Spanish, Italian, modem Greek, Serbo~Croatian. or Polish. In pronouncing Russian [rl, the tongue is trilled or vibrated, making one or more taps against the ridge of the gums behind the upper teeth. (American children sometimes make such a trill in imitating the sound of a machine gun or an airplane engine.) Soft [rJ is formed similarly, but the middle surface of the tongue is arched higher giving the effect of a y-like glide. l Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard [r] and soft [rl, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can.
Intonation practice Introductory remarks Within any major segment of speech some syllables are spoken at a higher relative pitch level than others. We designate these as 1 low, 2 middle, 3 high, and 4 extra-high, with the extra-high level occurring much less frequently than the other three. These levels are indicated graphically by a line which we call the intOflmion contour, drawn above the major segment through the primary and secondary stress points and ending in an arrow. An upward stroke indicates a slight rise in the voice (typical of certain kinds of questions), and a downward stroke indicates a falling of the voice. The primary stress point is indicated by a small circle and the secondary stress points by small black dots on the intonation contour directly above the stressed syllables. EXAMPLE
4 3
2 1 HHHa 6hJJla 8 rYMe. , One hears something like the Russian [r] in certain imitations of upper-class British speech, for example, in the pronunciation of lerribly when the r sounds almost like a d.
92
LESSON
6
Intonation drills A. Slatemel1ls with fo//ing contours. In contours of this lype lhe high peak occurs in the first part of lhe segment, dropping gradually thereafter and making lhe sharpest drop on or immediately before the syllable with primary slress. The basic range is from 2 or 3 down to I, although the slarting point may be an upward rise from level 2 to level 3. These countours are typical of neutral statements, exclamations. and commands. lmilale lhe leacher or tape as accurately as you can. 4
4
J
J
2 I
2 I on:pbrra. B Kop06Ke. Ha :JaBCme. B JiUUtxe. rOnoAcH.
4
B'iepa 6bu10 co6paHHe. Y HaC ecn. KAwa. Tenepb omi 3AOpOBbI. I1pHHa 6b1J1a B rYMe. OliH 6buut B rOp<)J1e. 4 J
J 2
2 I
I
.H AaBHo
BM MeT aBT06yc. TaM 6wno HHTepecllo. BM MarepJ.tan Ha nmlne.
aac He aHnen. 6H B'iepa lie 6bUJ H3 CJ1p!<6e. Mhl ceronHR 6WJ1H B ropo.ue.
2
4 J 2
I
I
4
J
M~
OGen rOTOB. OrypuW Ha CTone. Ha CTOne 66pm. B Kop66Ke MaTepJ.tan.
Jl 6H
ran.
Hell3aHO oMJ.t 'taM. He.naello riM 6bu1. rOBopiIT Bnonue xopow6. TIIM 6bJJ1a. l""C
B. Questions with falling cOntours. The contour is similar to thai of statemenls, but the range is wider, starting with level 4 and dropping gradually thereafter to level 2. The primary stress may be either on the question word itself or on the last stressed syllable. This contour is typical of questions beginning with a question word. Note that the voice does not rise at the end as it often does in English. Imitate your teacher or the lape as accurately as you can. 4
4
J 2
J 2 I
I KT6 KT6
aHa? :no? '!T6 :ho? Kyna BW? r ne ",e OH?
a Kop66Ke? c06paHHe? r.c rononeH? KTO yxe He 6bUl Ha CJ1)0K6e? KTO 3a'ieM BaM CneWHTh ? l.ITO
TYr Hawe
LESSON 6
93
4 3
2 I
4 3
~
2 I
110;«1 rlle r.ne orypu;bi?
Ky.aa
8M Db!
H,ltCTe?
rae KTO BAc
Cne KHpiUtn?
6bum? BH.neJI?
4TO Db! ami:
.aenanH?
rn.e
tlTo
CTOJiJflt?
DbI
4TO 6brno
B
8H.aeJUf? Kop66Ke?
The four noun declensions in Russian: CTOJl-, OIWO-, *eHft.-, and ,lI;Bepb-ciass nouns According to the pauerning of their case endings, Russian nouns may be divided into four basic types. We shall usc a model noun to represent each basic type.
1. crM-class
2.
OI.. uo....class
3. *clla-class
1. CroJl-ciass nouns are masculine. Their nominative singular ends in a consonant letter (including -ii) or -to. EXAMPUS
aBTooyc, npHBh, ypOJ:. KHpH.n.n, CeMeH, Mp:, UJj6. ylUlBCpcHTeT, 66plll. 'faH. Atm., nopT¢lC.rrb. 2. OKBO-class nouns are neuler. Their nominative singular ends in the letter -0, -c, or-e. EXAMPUS
nHcbMo,
y-rpo, a61o.
lIJIan.e, co6pallHC, m!HHc singing, 06Ulc"ofTHC, 6eJlbC linen.
3. JKeaa-class nouns arc chiefly feminine; a few thai refer 10 maJes are masculine. Their Dominative singular ends in the letter -a or -H. EXAMPLES
cnPt<6a, pbl6a, cene.a.Ka, na6opaT6plUl, Kop66Ka, npaBna, HiiHa, Miina, riJul, K6n.H Koiyu, MHwa Misha, lIW uncle. 4. .LJ.gept.-c1ass nouns are feminine. Their nominative singular always ends in the lelter-h. EXAMPLES
JUU:pb, 6cellt., 6lfepeJtt., TeTp3,L(b.
• EXERCISE
Arrange four columns with the following heads: I. aM
3. *eM'
Put each of tbese nouns in its proper column: TCJIe$SH, yooPlUHua, aeno, O
94
LESSON
6
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
The accusative singular of nouns ending in -a and
-9
MOOELS
.R
I bought herring.
KynHn cenCAKY.
_ _ _ pbI6y.
_ _ _ fish.
_ _ _ PY'ikY·
_ _ _ a pen.
_ _ _ BMkY·
_ _ _ arork. _ _ _ a spoon. _ _ _ a bookcase. _ _ _ a book.
_ _ _ J10)I(KY· _ _ _ n6nxy. _ _ _ KIIHry.
R DIDiey
HHHY.
I see __ __ __ __ __ __ __
___ MHJlY· _ _ _ CTyn.CHTKy. _ _ _ ceCTPY· _ _ _ :lKCUY·
_ _ Omo. _ _ _ K6Juo.
_ _ Cl.tuy.
.st u.nY 8 na60paT6pHIO,
Nina. Mila. (he coed.
my sister. my wife. Olya. Kolya. Sasha.
I'm going to ____ to ____ to _ _ _ _ to ____ to ____ to ____ to
_ _ B aYAHTOpHlO.
_ _ B 6H611HoTexy. _ _ B UlKony. _ _ liB n6·ITy. _ _ HB CJTjx6y. _ _ HB nCKlUDO .
the laboratory. the lecture ball. the library. schooL the post office. work. the lecture.
• REPETITION DRILLS
Repeat the above models, noting that when nouns ending in -a or -'IiI in the Dominative singular serve as the direct object or the object of a preposition after a motion verb, the endings -a and ...... are replaced by -y and -fO respectively. • RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Where's the wxlka? Did you buy Yodka? T: rAe BO,D;l:a? s: BY KyminH aOJJ.KY? T: rAe pbl:6a? s: Rbi KymirrH p.:.6y? (KJllfra, BKJUca, nO)l(Ka, nonKa, cene,lJ;Ka,
py'lKa)
3. The schoors open. rm going to school. T: llh:ona onpbf'ra.
s:
a w.nY BlUKOny.
2. There's the post office. Yes, I see the post office. T3M nO'ITa. lUf:«Y uO'IT)'. T: T3M na60paTopIl.Jl. s: JJ,i, , BM*y Jla60paTopKtO. T:
s: ,na, Ji
(Kop66Ka, pbI6a, dwa, aYllHTOpHlI, nO)l(Ka, BllnKa, HUlfa, 6IU1)
T:.AYJlHTOpWI OTKpblTa. s: A HJtj B ay.LUIT0pKtO. (na6oparopltJl, 6H6nItOTeKa, UIKona, aYAHTOpWl) LESSON 6
95
4. Nina was al the lecture. Did you see Nina?
T: Komi 6hJ:n ua neKl.UUf. s: BbI BH.rteJ1H KoJIlO?
T: HHHa 6bfJHl Ha neKl.um.
(cecll'a, MHna, 6nR, raJIS!, carna,
s: BL:I
CTY.QeHTKa HfuIa)
• CUED
8H.tteJIH
HHHy?
QUESTiON~ANSWER DRILL
(a lecture)
T;
S; T:
S:
Where are you going? To a lecture. (neKl.J;HJl) KYM flbl HJJ:CTC? Ha JIeKQHJO. (6lf6nHoreKa) Ky.ua BM H,ue-re? B 6HMHoreKy. (CJlpc6a, n6lfTa, wKona, aYll.I.fT6pHR, na60paTOpHJl,neK~)
DISCUSSION NOMINATIVE SINGULAR
-a
and-~
ACCUSATIVE! SINGULAR
-y and -to
)KeHs. pw6a ceneAK3
)Keny pbl6y cenc.QKY
6••
ramo 6mo
Kont!
K6ntO
ran,.
The direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition accompanying a motion verb is in the accusative case. )KeHs.·class nouns replace -3 and --51 of the nominative singular with -y and -10 respectively in the accusative singular. Note that while most of these nouns are feminine, some are masculine; TaM 6blJl KonH Kolya was there; R BMJJ;en Komo I saw Kolya. Inanimate CTM- and oKUo-class nouns have accusatives which are like their nominatives both in the singular and the plural:
.sf BfuKy cTOn. _ _ _ CTonw. _ _ _ OKUO.
_ _ _ Olma. _ _ _ orypeQ. _ _ _ orypn;bi.
I see the table.
__ __ __ __ __
the the the the the
tables. window. windows. cucumber. cucumbers.
All ~p ..-class nouns (animate and inanimate) have singular accusatives like their nominative singular. (In the plural, the accusative is like the nominative only if the noun is inanimate.)
51 BOY JJ;sepb. _ _ _ ...ePM_ _ _ _ Jho66Bb rTerp6BHY. 96
LESSON 6
I see the door. __ the doors. __ Lyubov Petrovna.
The second conjugation verb rOBopHTb PAST
fOBOpUJl, rOBOpHlla, rOl~OpHJlO, rOBopHlHf
PRESENT
rOBoplO, rOBOpHrnb, roBOpHT, rOBopHM, rOBopiITe, rOBopsiT
• SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
1. You ta/kedfor a long lime. T: Bbl .QOJJro rOBopHlm. s: Rw .n6JIro rOBOpH.rlH. (ou, 08<1, OHlt, TbI, Mbl, Bbl, si)
2. He speaks Russian. T: 6H rOllopkr no-pYccKlf. S: OR roBOpHT Ilo-PYCCKH. (OHH, Bbl, Ii, Mbt, T1:d, OHa, MbJ, 6H)
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Do you speak Russian? Yes, I do. T: Bbl rOBopHTe no-pyccKU?
2. How do I speak Russian? You don't speak Russian [tooJ badly. T: Kflx Ji rosopIO no-pyccKH?
s: lI,a. rOBopw.
s: Bbi HeWlOxo roBOpHTe no-pycCkH. T: KaK OHM rOBopJi'r no-pyccKlf? s: Olla HeWloxo roaopliT Uo-pyCCKH. (all, MM. TbJ. OHa, Rbi:, Ii, $lfnHnn, aMcpmd.Heu rpfl.lfT)
T: Qua rOBoplh nO-PYCCKH? s: .lI.a, r080pHT. (TbE, ami, 81111nl1, Bbl, aMepuKaneu, rpaHT)
3. Does she speak English? No, she doesn't. T: Omi roaoplIT no-aJlfJUIHcKU? s: HCT, He rOBopliT. T: Tw rOBopllWb no-aHfmHkKU?
s: AeT, He I"OBOPro. (Komi, BW, 6paT, OH", ceCTpa, ru) • CUED QUESTlON·ANSWER DRILLS
I.
(Tsarapkin) Who's speaking? It's narapkin speaking. T: (UapaoKuu) KTO rOBopHT? s: rOBOpHT LI.apallKHR, T: (Hima) KTa rOaOpH:T? s: fOBOpilT H.rn8. (KlfPH.rr.n naBJlOBH'l, pCKTOp, Hima, EareHlf", 11eo)
2.
(the chancellor) Who spoke? The chwlcellor spoke. T: (pCKTOp)
KT6 rOBoplrn? rOBOpaJl peKTOp. T: (era iKeHa) KTO rOBOpH.n? s: fOBOpaJl8 ero *ella. (aMept1KaHeu fpiHT, XHTpOB, HHKOJlaH,
s:
MHJla, EBrcmdi, HHHa, f3JI.H)
DISCUSSION
The second conjugation verb l'OBOpH-rb, unlike COeIUHTh, has its stem ending in a soft consonant. The spelling ending of the first person singular of rOBOpKTb is -w, and that of tbe third person plural is -AT: rosop.o, rOBopn. Since CnernHTb has its stem ending in a hard consonant, the firSI person singular has the ending ~Y and the third person plumJ has the ending -aT: enemy, cuernaT. The stress paltem is the same in both verbs. The endings for the other persons are written the same for both verbs: -Hmb, -tIT, --HM, -tITe. Note from the transcription following that p is soft throughout in rosopal"b, and that ill is hard throughout in CUernHTb. (It is only a convention of tbe spelling system that H and not LI is written after hard consonant Ill.) LESSON
6
97
f'Osop-JO
[g:;Jvar---il
-Kwb -HT
-HM -MTe -b
~i~
.......-y -Kwb
["IIiH
-u
-it
->IT
-im
-HM -MTe
-it -1m -I\i
-AT
-at]
-tti -at]
Possessive modifiers MODELS NONCHANGING FORMS
This is his table. This is her table. This is their table.
:no ero CTOn. 3TO
ee cron.
:no Jix C'T6n.
3m ero noma.
This is his bookshelf. This is her bookshelf. This is their bookshelf.
:no ee noma. 3m '" nOnKa.
3TO er6 nHCbM6.
This is his letter. This is her leuer. This is their letter.
:no ei rutCbMO.
3m lix nHChuO. CHANGING FORMS
"lei :ho nopTQ:lC.lJb?
Whose: briefcase is this? It's my briefcase. It's your briefcase.
lIJ.iI .no .Il:HHra'1 - :no Moi .Il:HHra.
Whose: book is this? It's my book. It's your book.
- :no M6i DOpnpem.. - 3ro nOI ""p*"". - :no ~ DUtra. lfJ.i 3TO nHQ>MO'1
-:no....oe OHCbMO.
Whose: letter is this? It's my letter. It's your letter.
"lei .no cron? - :no HUD CTon. - :no Uw CTon.
Whose table is this? It's our table. It's your table.
- ::no Moe DHCbMO.
lft.j
no n6nxa?
-
3TO
-
3TO
'b.i
..ama nom:a.
aawa n611ka.
no 06m.e:llC.HTHe?
- :n-o R.iwe 06w.a:Hnte. -
98
LESSON
:no Uwe 06warne.
6
Whose: shelf is this '1 It's our shelf. It's your shelr. Whose: dormitory is this? It's our dormitory. It's your dormitory.
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat Ihe above models observing the pattern. Note that there are two types of modifiers: I. Those thai do not change Iheir form to agree with the word they modify: en>"ee, Hx. 2. Those that change their form according 10 the word they modify: ..ei, 'IhK, Moi, Moli, Haw, BJiw, TOOii. Observe also that TB6ii, TBOli, and noe relate to n:., while aaw, aawa, and same relale to Bbl. • QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Where's my briefcase?
2. WIJere's our dinner? Your dinner is there.
Your briefcase is on lhe lable. T: rll,e MOU nopnt>enb? s: Raw DOpT+em- Ha cyone. T: rae Moil M3TepHan? s: Raw MaTeplllin Ha CTOJIe. (li:w.KI, 66pw, K3paHllaw,
..au, HOJIC)
3. Where'of my sisler? Your sister's here.
4. Where's our school? Our school is lhere.
T: rae Moli cectp3.? s: Rima cecrpi
rae Hama ~ona? s: Hlitua III.k'"6Jla ,-a,,,. T: rae HaWa kHura? s: Hliwa IOUira TA.". (nonKa,.wrepb,CTOn08aA) T:
TYr.
T: rAe Moli KHHra? s: Rawa ICIIlira TjT. (,aBi:pb, .emi, pY-tKa. WKona, TeTp3..ah, xop66Ka,aYJlHTOpKK)
5. Where'of my husband? Your husband is lhere. T:
T: rae Haw 06ea? s: Raw ooeA d.". T: r.a.e Ham 66pm? s: Raw 66plQ ni.". ('1aH, JaBoa, wd*, CTon, XJJe6)
6. Where's your malerial? My malerial is lhere. T: rll,e nM MarepHan? s: Moii MaTepKU TAM. T: rae noii CT6n? s: Moii CTM TliM.
rae MOil My:*?
s: TaOii My" TiM. T: r.ae MOil CTOn? s: TaO" CYOJJ dM. (noa3poK,A~,6paT,nOpT¢eJJb,WK3.*)
(KapaHa3.W, 66pLU, Mj)K, o6eJI)
• SUBSTITUTION DRILL
Whose pencil is lhal? T: L):ei:i iTO Kapalf,A3w? S: lfeii iTO KapllHJlliw?
T: S: l.ft.e iTO
(MarepHan, 1IJ1l'tTbe, pbl6a, R1UltK, 6opw, ,UBepb, OKHO, nHebMo, 1I0)J(, Kop66Ka, nopTq,enb, CTon, nonKa)
(n,p6) 1 "ep6?
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
2. Whose pen is lhat, yours? Yes, that's my pen. T: 4bi5 iTO nepO, Bame? s; ){Ii, iTO Mae "epO.
I. Whose letter is that?
Thar's my lelter. 4..e iTO "HCbMO? s: ~o Moe IDtCbMO. T: 4bR iTo Dura? S: ~TO MOli: ...'"rira. (nopT4ltnb, .wrepb, omo, HO:lll:,
T:
KOp66Ka,CT6n,nnaTbe)
Rwme,
T: 4eA :iTO nopnflCnb, BAw? S: D,... iTO Moii nopTten..· (mitra, llBeph, JiJ.QKI, TeTpA,lu., OkHO, KapaH.ll3.w, nonn) L.E5SON 6
99
3. Whose dress is that, yours? Yes, it's my dress. T: t.fi>C :ho nniin.e, TBoe? s: )li, STo Moe wuin.e. T: \.IbJi:iTO KAma, TBoJi?
S: )),li, i"ro MOll KlIma. (u6)1(, CTon, o6e.n., pw6a, 1l:00000M, 'faH, ll:opOOn)
5. Is that your dress? No, that's her dress. T:
3To noe
MaThe?
S: HeT, :iTO ee wuln.e. T: 3To TaM MYx? S: Hh, iro ee MY"'. (TBOJi TeTp
cecrpa, omo, MaTepuan)
4. Is that your pencil? No, it's his pencil. T: 3To dw UpaH)l3.w?
s: HeT, iro ero Kapaa!titu. same "cpO? s: HliT, iTo erO nep6. (nopT¢ll!:Jlb, CTon, ,a,aepb, 'Iau, KHHra,
T: 3TO
"HCbMO, :lKCUa, UO:llC, Marepean)
___ ____ _(BiuJ) ___ ___
(TO"'.....). (KapaHqam). _ (no'ITa). (o6W;elKHTHe).
2. This is our dormitory.
3To HaWe 06me:lKHTHe. _ _ _ (no.n). _ _ _ (nO"apoK). _(M6H) _ _ _ _ (=rpa).
_ _ _ (omo). _(TBoe) _ _. _ _ _ (Il:Op06Ka). _ _ _ (Ma-repHin). _(Bilw) _ _ _ _ (llII:ona). _ _ _ (06mez me). _ (HaWe) _ _ _ _ (nHwa).
_ _ _ (CTO.).
100
LESSON 6
mmo,
6. Is this our bread? No, that's their bread. HaW XJIe6? S: HliT, iTo Iix xnOO. T: 3To HaWa cene,Q,Ka? S: Hh iro Mx ce.ne.lJ.Ka. (CTon, 'laM, KHHra, OKHO, Ma-repH3.n, UO:llC, KOpOOll:a,06tn,nonxa, ~a) T: 3TO
• PROGRESSIVE SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. This is my briefcase. 3m Moil OOpTcPCnb. _ _ _ (KHHra). _ _ _ (UHCbMO). _(TBoe) _
cecrpa,
This is my briefcase.
:no Moii UOpT~. ~ro MOll KHHra. Moe nHCbMo.
3To
IIHCbMO. TBoJi TeTpa.nb.
3TO TBoe
3TO
3T0 TBOM Upa.JJ.t{3.w.
:no saw xapatt.Jt!w. 3To sawa nO'ITa. 3To sawe 06w;a:JITHe.
This is our dormitory. 3TO mime 06mnl.:HTHe.
3ro Hawa oW....:a. 3To HaW DO.n.aPOIl:· 3TO MOM no.aapox. 3To Moli c:ec'I"p3. 3To Mot: omo. 3T0 TBOO omo. 3TO TBoli ll:op66Il:a. 3TO TBOH Ma-repH3.n. 3T0 Bam MarepHan. :no aawa wJ(Ona. 3To aawe 06ma:K'THe. 3-ro Hawe 06mexHTHe. 3To HaWa mhua. 3-10 lIam CTOJI.
3. Here's our chancellor. T: BOT miw (>CHOp. S:
BO'r
BOT name "liChMO. _(Moe)
lIliw peKTOp.
T:
(o6ute:JIOITHe).
S: BOT nawe 06ntexainfe. _(BaWe)
_
_ _ _ (nep6). _ _ _ (nopTcPe Jlh). _ (TBOU) _
_
_ _ _ _ (m:lChMO).
BOT BaWe 06We:lKHTlIe.
_ _ _ (KHHra). _ _ _ (KapaHJlaw). _ _ _ (nnaTbe).
_ _ _ (aBT66yc). _ _ _ (yp6.). _ _ _ _ (JleKu,HlJ).
DISCUSSION
There are two types of possessive modifiers in Russian: 1. Those that do not change their form to agree with the word they accompany.
his, its her, hers, its their, theirs
en)
ee Hx
Note that
era is pronounced
EXAMPLES
e.6 nopTcPeJIb
ee HX
(jivo].
nopTcPeJIb nopT$CJrh
ero ceCTpa ee ceCTpa
e.6 nlfChMO
ero l'eTpi.ulf
ee
ee
rerp3.lu<
Hx ceCT'"
HX
HX
TeTp:l.J{H
"UChMO nHCbMO
2. Those with grammatical endings which change to agree in gender, number, and case with the word tbey accompany:
MASCULINE F1!MININE
'leu Moil
TBOH H'rn Barn
Note thai l'BOH, T801i, and
'lbll MOll TROll HaWa sHrna
NEurnR
'1hi: Mae
TBoe Hame BaWe
1'8oe refer to n:a·, while Baw,
whose my, mine your, yours our, ours your, yours
Barna, and Blime refer to BLI.
EXAMPLES
'1eil KapaH.ll:aW
whose pencil
'lbll cecrpa
whose sister
Moii KapaHA3w my pencil
MaR CCCTpa
BaW Kapau,n:l.w your pencil
BaWa cecrpa
my sister
your sister
'1be ffilChMO
whose letter Moe nHCbMO my letter Barne nHcbMO your leiter LESSON
6
101
The perfective future of the first conjugation verbs noitTo and 83HTh 11 noH.D:Y lIa KOHu.epT. Tbl noii,neWb _ On noH.1.leT _ Bbl nOH,neTe
_
I'll go to a concert. You'll go _ He'll go _ We'lIgo _ You'll go _
Omt noHJJ.Yr
_
They'll go
MbI
nO~eM'---_ _
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the model after your instructor (or the tape) until you can reproduce all the forms accurately. Note that the endings are exactly like the present tense endings of the imperfective verb IIJl.nI, but that the meaning is future.
• SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
2. rll go to the library tomorrow.
I. fm going to go to a dinner. T:
>t
s: jl
T:
nOHlIY 1:13 06eA.
TO (OUH)
_
s: Qmi noWT
U8
>t
now B 6H6J1HOTeKy 3asTpa.
s: Jt now " (6u),
06C.a.
DOHJJ;y US
ooeJl..
B
6M6mloTelCy 38BTpa. _
s: On noii.nh B 6H6nHon~KY Janpa.
(0113., Tbl, Bhl, Mbl, Cawa, Komi H r
(MbJ:, 6pAT, ccc-rpa, Thl Bbl, OHlt, 6ph If ceCTpa, li) t
• TRANSFORMATION DRILL
Fm going to the dormilOry. FlI go to the dormitory. T:
.sf
T: TLT MeWh a 06me:lKHnle.
s: Tw DOH,aelUb B 06rn.eDnle.
HaY B 06me:lKHTHe.
s: B DOiiI.tY 8 06we)Kme.
(MW, HHKonaH, r3JUI,
OHH,
BbT, OH)
• QUESTION~ANSWER DRILL
Are you going (0 the club today? No, FlI go there tomorrow. T: Bw MeTe B Kny6 cer6AH.II. ? s: HeT, Ii uoiiAY Ty.n;S lSBTPS.
.s1
Tw
B03bMeillb
_
B03bMeT
_
a03loMeM
Bw
B03bMeTe
LESSON 6
HJJYr B KJI)'6 cero,llTUl?
(EareHHH, -rbI, MbI, om\, ceCTpa, HHHa, L{apamCHH)
6H Mhr
OHH
s: Hh, OuK noii.rtjT TY.n;s 3S81"pS.
a03loMY TonhKO KHHrH.
OHK B03hMYr
102
T:
_ _
_
I'll just take books. You'll __ take
He'll __ take We'll __ take You'll ~_ take They'll __ take
_ _ _ _ _
• RBPETITION DRILL
Repeat the model after your instructor (or the tape) until you can reproduce all the forms accurately. The pattern of endings is the same as for the present tense of M,a:nt and the perfective future of nom. Note that since B3m is a perfective verb, the meaning of the forms is future.
• SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
2.
1. They'// take these notebooks.
T: Om-I S: Omf T: (Jt)I s: s1:
B03bMYr 803bMjT
3TH TeTp3.nH. 3TH nrpW. _
ru take these books. T:
3TH nrpiJJ;H. (rami, Thl, Bba, Mbr, cecTpa, OlTer H KHpiUul, Thl, li) 803bMY
.st
B03bMY iTH KHHrH.
s: s1: 803b.\tY iTH KIUInr. T: (0"0)1 _ s: QHi 803MteT iTH KHHnt. (KHPH.nn, Thl, Mbi, OKM, 6ph, 6JU1, cawa H K6JU1, li, Bba)
• CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
Who'// take these Mtebooks? I wiJ/. T: (li) KT6 B03bMer iTH Te-rpa.nH? (I)
S:
s1:
B03b.""'.
T: (6H) KT6 B03bMer 3TH Te"Tp3.J:tH? 5:
Oa
803bMe-r.
(OHM, Mba, BbI, Thl, cawa, HHHa, 6paT) DISCUSSION
The perfective verb nom is the aspect pair of the imperfective verb tI)ITIi. Both nom and 83m 10 lake are first conjugation perfective verbs which take the same set of endings in their perfective future as MJl,ni does in the present.
SINGULAR
noiiJI.-y -eWb -eT
PLURAL
-eM
-cre
-y,
I'll go you'U go he (she)'ll go we'll go you'll go they'U go
B03bM-Y -eWb
-eT
-eM -eTe
-yr
I'll take you'll take he (she)'11 take we'll take you'll take they'll take
For convenience, we may call such endings as these "present-future" endings. Although they are the same for both imperfective and perfective verbs, they have different meanings, depending on the aspect of the verb. When the verb is imperfective, the endings signalize the present tense; when the verb is perfective, the endings signalize the future. It is important to note that the perfective future has in it the particular limitations inherent in the perfective aspect. It describes a future action in terms of its realization, completion, or result; thus it contrasts with the imperfective, which focuses on either the process itself or its repetition.
LESSON 6
103
The second conjugation verh BUllen. MODELS
H (ilia
!lca MbI
8HlteJ1a 8HlteJ1'-
Omo
8
rYMe.
Nina saw Olya in GUM. Lev saw We saw
_
B",uelHl
_
_
_ _ _ 611 BHJ.tIlT _ _ _ Sbr 8HltHTe _ _ _ OlUf SWT
~~
_ _ _ he sees _ _ _ we see _ _ _ you see
_
_ _ _ Mbi BH.nIlM
_
Sometimes I see Kalya at the club. _ you see _ _ _
11110n;Ul 11 BIi:J«y KOJJlo B KJlY6e. _ _ _ Tbi BIIJl,.HLUb
_
_
_
_ _ _
_ _ _ _ they sec
_
_
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that in the first person singular, prescnt tense, • replaces the final stem consonant JJ., which occurs in all other forms. • SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. J oflen see Nino in lown. T~ ~ 'IaCTO BH:lKY HHUy 8 roponc. s: Jl ..aCTO aM"'y HKUy B roPOJJ.e. T: (M,;,) _ s::
Mw ..aCTO BMJUIM HliHy B ropo,lJ,e. (HlHconau, rut lit BbI, Moli cecTpa, OIlH, Moil 6p3T)
2. He oflen used 10 see Nina in town. T: Oil '1aCTO RH.nen HilHY B r6po.ne.
S: Oil "aero BK.a.eJ1 Hli:tty B rOpo,lte. T:
s:
(O,;,)!-
_
Bw "aCTO BM./leJIlI HNHy a roPC>lle. rw, M6H 6ph, MhI,
(Mali ccCTp
Olllt,
Hawa Y'urrenbHHu,a)
• TRANSFORMATION DRILLS
I. I rarely saw Ga/ya there. I rarely see Golya there. T: J1 peAkO TiM oMen ralUO. s: A pCJt,KO TliM BH:.Ky ramo. T: OH" pellKO TaM BIUteJUl rtUIlO.
s:: Ollfi pCAKO nlM BKnHT ramo. (611, Mbl, Bbl, $i, cecTpa, Tbl, ami, Mbl, $i)
2. We sometimes see Nina Ihere. We sometimes saw Nina there. T: Mbl IfllorAA T8.M OH.nIlM HUIIY. s: Mhi HIIOI-"a Tli.M BJi"eJIH HUHY. T: !·lnKomBI HltOr.na TaM Bll"IfT Hlilly. S: HHK'Wlllit HUOr.na TllM BH"en HUny. (li, Tbl, Bbl, omi, cecTpa, 6paT, Mhl)
• QUESTION·ANSWER DRILL
Do yOIl see Ihe knife? No, I don't. T: Tbi B"A1iWb 116*'
s: Her, lie RK-,«y. T: Rbi 8".nIlTC .16*1 s: Hh, lie BIi;l;:y. (011", 611, ami, Tbl:,
RbI)
DISCUSSION
The verb aJi.ncn. differs from tbe other second conjugation verbs already discussed (cneunin. and rOBOpHTb) in that there is an alternation of stem consonants in the first person singular of the
104
LESSON
6
*
prescnt tense. In BH.a.el'l., the .a is automatically replaced by in thc first person singular and the ending is -yo Compare the three patterns of second conjugation verbs:
to hurry
cneuMri.
PRl:'SENT ST'E.'d
BH.a.Cn.
to see
cnem-
rOllOp-
flH.a.-
cnew-y
rOllOp-.o -KWb -itT -liM -liTe -JiT
fllblc-y fllia-HWb
-Hrnb -liT -KM -KTe -aT
PAST STEM
rOBopm to speak
-HT -HM
-HTe -OT
cneunt-
rOBopli-
BHJl,e-
cltcwli-n
rOflopH-n
flKAC-n
-na
-na
-na
-no -nH
-no -nH
-no -nH
Second person imperatives: familiar versus plural-polite forms MOD£LS
CX
Say, where were you yesterday'! Say, ?
H3BIUIK. li enemY Ha aBT66yc. H3BHHHTe. li enemy Ha aBT66yc.
Excuse me, I'm hurrying to catch a bus. Excuse me. _
3axo.nH. AaBRO Te6li He BIi)len. 3axo.luiTe. AaBH6 BaC lie BH,nCJ1.
Come in, I haven't seen you in a long time. Come in. _
Hapc,Kb. nO:lKanyHCTa. orypt..u:1. Hape:lKbTc. noxanyHCTa. orypu,bl.
Please slice the cucumbers. _ _ slicc _
B03bMH 3TH KHHf"'. B03bMHTe 3TH kmlrH.
Take these books. Take _
3.np3BcTByH, Oller! 3JtP3:scTByiITe, pe6liTa!
Hello, Oleg! Hello, fellows!
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that the plural-polite imperative is exactly like the familiar imperative except for the addition of the unstressed suffix - Te. I , Atlhi$ Slage the student is oot expected to fonn the imperative: rather. he should recognize those which he encounters and either add or delete the formal-plural suffix -Tt- Thus, given the familiar imperative ..lfrii! rUld! he will Ix expecled to know that the fonnal-plural is ",""li'Te!
L£'iSON 6
lOS
• TRANSFORMATION DRILLS
J. Slice the bread! T: Hape:«b xnoo! s: Ha~I>Te XJle6! T: JaXO.lllt, nO:lKa.nyikra! s: 3axomiTe. oo*iJJyiicra! CI(IDKH, B'Iepa 6buJO co6paHHe 1 BoJbMH TOJlbKO O,ltlfy TeT'J)3.nb! 3.npH! nOCTyn3.ii B )'lIllBePCIfTt:T! 4HTaii ! nOBTOpH! He cnew"!
2. Look, here comes Nina. T: CMOTpHTe, BOT HJJ.eT HHlla. s: CMo·rpH, IMh _,neT HKHa. T: BOJbMlITe 3TH DuirH. s: BoJbMII 3TH KHIinI. JaxotuiTe, n.eePb He 3aJ1epri.. Hapaa..re XJ100 H orypu.W. HJSHHKre. j cnewY oa ypOll:. He rosopKre! OOCMOTpKTe! nOCT}'IlaHTe B ynH.oepcHTt:T! 4 HTaHTe 004PYcctc"!
DISCUSSION
Imperatives call primarily for action rather than a verbal response. The most common type is tbe second person imperative. EXAMP,"",
nO:«3..nyHCT3.3aXO,ltHTe! H3BHHHTe. BOT HJ1er Moii a.oT06yc. CMOTpH. BOT Mer CMHpHOS. Hap6Kb orypu.W. CK~Kre, B'Iepa 6b1no co6paHHe 1
Come in, please! Excuse me. Here comes my bus. Look, there goes Smirnov. Cut the cucumbers. Tell me. was there a meeting yesterday?
The familiar imperative (used in addressing Thi) differs slructuraUy from the formal4pluraJ imperative (used in addressing .oM) only in that tbe unstressed suffix -Te is added in the latter form.
106
LESSON
6
FAMILIAR
FORMAL-PLURAL
nape)l(b CMOTpH cnpocH OTBeTb nODTOpH 1f3MellH 33MeHli 3.npaSCTByH
Hape)l(bTe CMoTpHTe cnpocHTe oTBe-rbTe nOBTOpHTe 1f3MeltKre JaMeHHl'C 3D.pa8CTSyHre
cut! look! ask! answer! repeat! change! substitute! beUo (lit. be healthy)!
'lTEHHE H nHCbMO
Uqj'UUlO?n~-"7?U, ~
~ ,/
Uq;tak.:-nuI1~-'U:, e/!d ~,/- ~ n-t
--k
~ 2 ~ ~ ; ' -~, ~
~,dk~?-..£ /;t'~'
-~,~~~2-0a.,
2t rJ«..,w ~ ~,- ~, ~ ~~~,~~/ -2J.o ~,/ ~ ~,/
LESSON 6
107
LESSON
7
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
ceo" nopTq,eJlh Jt
my briefcase to forget, leave (inadvertently) I forgot my briefcase. telephone (telephones) to ring, to phone the phone is ringing. Masha Masba, the phone is ringing.
3a6b.rTb (prv I) 3a6but cao" nopT¢lf:nb. TeJle$On (TeJle
Mawa (variant of MapHSI) Mawa, 3BOH11T TeJJe+t)a.
to (or toward) the telephone to approach, go up to Go to the phone! Go answer the phone, please!
TeJle$6ny nOllOK-rH (prv I) It:
nonoW
It Tene4M>"Y! nOJl.oii.rot, OmKlistyiicra,
K' Tefle~!
hello to listen
a.rtnO [a16) CJljwan. {I} A1U16! $i CJJjWlUO. nonpocHTb (prv II) nonpocltTe j.1BaBa HHKOn3.CBll'l3
nOhpoCMTe, UmKaJl}'Hcra, Mealla HHKOJIIICBH'Ia K TeJlclft6ny!
KTO rOBopuT7 Ceii'tic. A KTO roBOpMT? KjPO"tKHH.
Hello! (Lit. Hello! I'm listening.) It
TeJlC$6uy!
to ask, request Ask Ivan Nikolaevich [to come] to the phone! Please ask Ivan Nikolaevich to come to the phone!
Who's speaking? or Who's calling? Right away. And who's calling? Kurochkin.
y Te1lee:p6Ha
on the phone, on the line (lil. at the phone) Hello (/il. I'm on the line), Boris Mikhailovich.
ACno (.a.em\)
tbing(s), matter(s) in what What's the matter?
B '1eM
B ..eM JJ.e.rto?
I The symbols (I) and (II) stand rot the rmt .nd second conjugations. Henoeforth Yab aspect will be indicated only rot perfective ~'erbs. Thus, (I) means that the verb is imperfective and first conjugation; (pfv I) means that the verb is perfective and first conjugation.
109
y sac
n" He 3a6WI nH J1 He 3a6btn nu J1 y sac COOK nopT4J6Tb? YlH3.Th (pfv II) Jt XOTe.!1 pH8T'1>o He u6bui JIM Ii y CB6H OOJITojoem..
ue
at your place; you have whether, if (question particle) didn't I forgel, whelher or not I forgot Didn't I leave my briefcase al your place? to find out, learn, recognize I wanted to find out whether or not I left my briefcase at your place.
MIfIIjn.'"}', Hn, HHr.lle He BIVq.
just a minute nowhere, not, .. anywhere Just a minute. No, I don't see it anywhere.
OCT3.BHTh (pfv II) MOlEn 6brrb BY 8 yHHBeparre-re
to leave Maybe you left it at the university?
MHHYnY HHr.lle
OCTliBJI1IM?
uonYMan. (pfv I) 0, 06, 060 (plus prepositional case) 06 J,TOM
KaK 9 06 :7roM lie nOAyMan! TyAa BOHn!: 1)')),3
CMO'ib (pfv I) Ji CMory Ho,; lie (:M0rY T)'Ai
80m.
to think, think a bit about, of, on (concerning) about that, of that How is it I didn't think of that! there, to that place to get in (lit. to enter there) to be able, can I'll be able But I won't be able to get in.
.naepH (pI of .n:aePb) ,lI.aepil Y*i :uinepn.l,
doors, door, doorway The doon; are already locked.
y66puuma (y66puv",,,,) A y66pWHQa? on:pbrrb (pfv I) MO'Ib (I)
cleaning woman (cleaning women) How about the cleaning woman 1 to OpeD to be able, can she can How about the cleaning woman? She can open [the doors).
aHa MOxer
A }WpuuIII3.? Otui MO.eT OTIq)bm.,
1U1K>'1 (KJUO'lH) Y Hee ecrb [uQij6 je~U
Y
nee ecn. KnJ01(H. o HeH
KOHe1(HO.
jf
0 HeR 3a6w.
COBceM
Kone'lHo.
Jt 0 neii OOBc:eM 386bvt.
key(s)
she has She has the keys. about her Of course. I forgot about her. completely, altogether Of course. I forgot all about her.
SUPPLEMENT
saXTep (saXTepbl)
r.ne saxrep? 6u MO.CT OTXpbrTh .asepH. (3BOHKH) 4TO :ho, 3BOHOl(1 3BOH6"
n03BOHlfTb
(pfv II)
Oua n03BOu:H.na .nOMa".
no
LESSON 7
custodian(s) (compare Fr. concierge) Where's the custodian? He can open the door[sJ. bell(s), doorbell(s) What's that, the bell? 10 phone, call on the phone She telephoned home.
H 3a6b'JI caou
11. H.
M.H. -
Hean HHKomleBH'I (npo4)eccop OpnOB)
M.H. IJ.M. -
MapH.lI
HsaHOBH3
Marna, nOJIOHtlH, nO:JKanyHCT3. 2 AJIJlo!
..st 6. M.
0PJl083 (Mama, ero )Kena)
Sopite MHxaH.nOBH'f (npo4leccop Kypo'lKHB)
3BOHHT Tene$6H!
M.I1.
nopTll>eJIL
C.njW3JO! I
J nonpocH"re, nO)l(MyuCT3. I1BaH3 HHKOnaeBH
M. 11. 4 CeH'fac.
A KTO r08op,h?
rna!:> j zvaQit \iliron ! podaj~i pazal,s', j
al6 T ja shibju! p~pra~i\i paza!:;lst:;l I ivan:;l Qikal£ijiC-:l kVlif6nu 1
jiM' j a kt6 g~varit !
6. M.
5 KypO'lKHH.
kiiroC~in
H. H.
6..st Y TeJle$oHa,
ja u\ilif6n:J I
60pHC MHdHnOBHlf. B ..eM .acno?
6. M.
11. H.
He 3a6bUl JIM Ii Y BaC
cacH nopTepMb. 2
svoj part[el j
8 MHHyTKy. MUr.ae He BHJKy. J MOiKeT 6b1Tb, ObI B yHHBepcHTCTe OCTaBHlUt.
9 KilK Ii 06 3TOM He no.nyMa.n! Ho Ii He eMory TyJ13 BOHTit:. )lBepH Y)l(e 3anepTbl."
H. H. 10 A y66pIUHua? QHa MO:lKeT OTKpblTb,
y nee ecrb KJlJO'IH.
S.M. 11 KOHe'tHo!
..st 0 8eii cosceM 336w. NOTES
baps rpixa.liC ! ffern ~el, j ja xatel uzm'it I Qizabilli ja uvas
7..st XOTe.n: y:maTb,
Her,
Ii. M.
j
I
I
rpiniilku! Qetj Qig~e Qiyifll j moi(id)bi\ I vi vUQiyir~i\e\i astayilil
kak ja abet~m Qipadum-:>I! no ja Qismagu tuda vaW i dyeri uze zagirti 1 a ub6r~6~ 1 ana m6zit atkrit! llQijo jell klllCi j .
kaQesn, j ja aQej safjim ubil j
Russians answer the telephone in various ways, corresponding to our heJJo: ..sf y TeJteqx>Ha. Ann6! or A..nn6, Ii cnywaJO. Ita? or )].a. A cnywafO. [..sf] cnywalO. Despite its spelling, a!L'IO is pronounced with a single n, usually soft: [alo]. LESSON 7
111
The possessive modifier CBOH is equivalent to MOM in this sentence. CBoii means one's own and can refer to any person. It is not used to modify the subject of a sentence, but refers back to 'he subject for its meaning: 2
R 3a6bu1 csOM nopT
I forgot my briefcase. You forgot your briefcase. She forgot her briefcase.
Note that IIHf"Jle nowhere is used in a double negative construction in Russian. This is true of all such negative constructions: mo..'"Ormi, HMt4erO, HMKYJla, and so forth. l
R er6 H....Jle He BlfJKy. DbI HNKorJla He rOBoplhe no-pycckll.
R HM
He 3H31O.
I don't see it (or him) anywhere. You never speak Russian. I don't know anything about it. I'm not going anywhere.
.. Russians often use the plural form ABepn to mean a single door as well as more than one door. In the meaning doorway, the plural is used: 6H CTOlUl 8 ABeplix.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATJON
CCCP o lIapO.Qax CCCP
HapO.Qb.I
nHeaTh (I)
CTy.QCHTbI
OHcinH 0
Hap6.nax CCCP.
pe3ynbT3T (pe3ynbT3Tb.I)
HellJlOXOH
HennoxHe pe3YJlbT3Tbi nO-MoeMy
no-MocMy,
pelYJl.bTsn.r IICIIJIOXHC.
Dbl 0 'leM ;ho? (full form Dbi 0 'leM 31'0
He stood in the doorway.
CrylleHTLI nHcaJIH 0 napOll3X CCCP the peoples of the U.S.S.R. about the peoples of the U.S.S.R. 10 write The students wrote about the peoples of the U.S.S.R. result(s) not half bad, pretty good pretty good results in my opinion, I think In my opinion the results are pretty good. What's that you're talking about?
r080pHTC?)
DbI 0 ..tiM iTo? 06 3K3aMeuax?
examinatioo(s) What are you talking about? The examinations?
paOOTa (paOOTbl) a pa66T3x C1)'llCItT08 HiT, 0 paOOTaX CTyAewrOB.
work(s), paper(s) (written) about the students' papers No, about the students' papers.
3K3a.MCII (3K3a.Mellhl)
OttM mtd.',"
0
HapOAax CCCP.
S6T k3.K!
r.Qc HX pa66Tb.I?
BOT K8K! rJJ.i HX paooTl.r?
112
LESSON 7
They wrote about tbe peoples of the U.S.S.R. really! you don't say! is that so! Where are their papers? Is that so! Where are their papers?
chair(s) here Right here on the chair.
cTyn (CT)'nblt) 3.u6clo BOT 3J1.Ccb, na crYlJe.
ara
[aha]
aha! ahhh! Aha, I see!
Ani. B.o..y! "KYr ("KYrbl) nOT (m), 31<1 (t) . .h o (n) 3Ta pa66ra 0 ltKYrax. ylCpaHHCu. (YJCPUHHlI,bJ) 3TH paOOTbl
3TH paOOTbf 06 ylCpaHHU,3X. :ha pa60Ta 0 tu..-jTax, int 06 YKPaKuuax.
A
Yakut(s) this, that This paper is on the Yakuts. Ukrainian(s) these papers These papers are on the Ukrainians. This paper is on the Yakuts, and these are on the Ukrainians. to write And what did Kozlov write about'!
HanHc3Tb (prv I) 0 ..eM HaoHCan KOl.lJ()8?
Ou MOJlOAtU!
Georgian(s) Kozlov wrote about the Georgians. excellently About the Georgians. And he wrote excellently. one who does an outstanding job He's terrific!
Pli.a. 3TO cnw.uan!
Glad to hear it.
rpy3HH (rpy3HHbI) K03J108 HanHcln 0 rpY3HHax. oTJUi'lHO o rpY3Huax. 11 OT1IM"IHO HanHci.'1. MOJlO,lleu. (MOJlO,llu.bl)
D,oD6J1eH, ,lIODOJlbHa,
pleased, satisfied professor(s) All the professors are pleased. hy him, with him All the professors are pleased with him. All our professors are pleased with him.
-0, -bl
npoCccop (nP"'l><=opa) Bee npoeccopa ,lJ,OBOJlbHbl.
HM Bee npo$eccopa HM
Bc:e uaUIM
.n080JlbHbl.
npo~C'Opa
pyCCKMC o PycclOtx A DOT pa66n 0
lOt
.nOBO.rlbHLI.
the Russians on the Russians, about the Russians And here's a paper on the Russians.
PYCCKJlX.
Miss Petrov Miss Petrov wrote that.
neTpoaa :ho neTp08a lIaOKCana,
much, a lot, a good deal about her Yes" I've already heard a good dcal about her.
MH6ro
)l,li?
o HCH J1 0 oeM y....e MIIOro CJlbouaJI. Jly'lUJHe CTyttefITbi
aHa 1-1 K03J168 -
JlY'!UJHe CTy,lJ,eUTbI.
$ucYJlbTCT (¢lakYJlbTtn.r) lIa $aKYJlbTere
Ha 3TOM ¢laIC)'JlbTere OHa H K03Jt08 - lIy'flllHe :iTOM
tllKyJlbTbe.
CT)'~
ua
the best students She and KozlOv are the best students. department(s) in the department in this department She and Kozlov are the best students in this department.
USSON 7
113
SUPPLEMENT CO'lHJlCIUlC M
bt
IUlc8.Jm CO'lHHCUHC.
y'lHTenb (Y'IHTCmi) saw Y'lI.tTCJlb? Y'IHTe.nbJlHUa (y'lHTCJIhHHU,bl) QHa saws y'lltTeJ1bHHua?
OJ!
rpynna (rpynnbl) 8 rpynne
QHIt Jly'lwHe eryLleHTbI 8 now rpYnne.
11. H. E. M. -
Ii. M.
11. H.
n O-MOeMy, Pe:JynbTaTbI HennoxHe.
HeAH HHkonae8H'I SOpltC MHX3.AnOBH'I
pamojimu I pzultati Qipla"iji.l
vi acorn el:l !
2 Bbi 0 'IeM 3TO?
abigz3q:tin~x
06 3K3aMeHax?
6. M.
composition We were writing a composition. teacher(s) (below university level) ]s he your teacher? female teacher(s) (below university level) Is she your teacher? group(s), section(s) in the group, in the section They're the best students in this group.
3 HtT, o pa60nx crYJIeHToB. OHit mfC3.nH o HapOJIaX CCCP. I
!
I
Qel
araool;lx slUQent;lr! aQi gisali anar6d;lx eseseser !
11. H.
4 BOT K3K! rJIe HX pa6oTw?
'lot Uk 1 g4e IX raboti !
6. M.
5 BOT
v6d nastuli'l
z4el!
3AeCb,
113 cTYne.
11. H.
E. M.
BH)I(y.
I yitu I
3Ta pa60n
et;l rab6ta
6 Ani,
aha
eti
a acorn n;lgisal kazlOf i
0 'leM H3nHC3.n
K03J10B?
7 0 rpy3Hu3x.
6H
114
I
A
11 OTllH'IHO H3nHcAn!
11. H.
ajikut~x
0 }fKYT3X, 3TH 06 YKpaHllu3x.
MOllOAeU!2
8 Pan. 3TO CJlblW3Tb.
abukrain~x
agru~in;lx 1
i 3 tlicna n;lgisall 6n m;llaQec 1 rat eta sli~t 1
I
Ka:lKeTCR,
kazit~
Bee HaWH npotpeccopa
r~e
HM AOBOllbHbl.)
im dav6lni!
LESSON 7
!
nMi pr;l(isara
Ii. M.
9 A BOT pa60Ta 0 pyCCKHX. :)TO ne-rpOBa HanHcana. 4
H. H. 10 }:\a?
.st 0 HeH )lJKe MHoro CJlI~wa..n:.
et~ Ritr6v~ n~Risal~
!
dar
l1y'lwHe cry.neHTbI
ja aQej uze mn6g~ sli~l! ana i kazlOf t JUdiji stucJenti I
Ha :hOM 4>aKyl1bTCTe.!
naet~m f~kulte\i
OHa H K0311oe-
NOTES
a vot rabot~ arils~ix !
!
In the abbreviation CCCP U.S.S.R., the letters stand for COIOJ COOCTCKHX COUH3JlHCTlf'leCKHX Pecny6muc Union of Soviel Socialisl Republics. Unlike rYM, CCCP is not declined: 1
Compare. rYMe in GUM with
B
CCCP in lhe U.S.S.R.
1 The noun MOno. is a term of praise that can be applied to anyone who does
a good job or comes through suce::essfuUy. It is onen used when we would say: nice going! fine! good boy! good girl! i.e., as an exclamation of approval. 1
npo+etrop
is grammatically masculine, but may refer to a woman as well
as a man: Qna HaW npo
She's our professor.
Compare it with the masculine noun yooiTe.m., which has a corresponding feminine equivalent rnrrenhUHQ&. Note, however, that the masculine plural )"tHTerui can refer to a mixed group of teachers, but that the feminine plural rnrreJlbUMUbI refers only to women teachers. .. nnp6u is the feminine form of neTp6B and may mean Miss or Mrs. Petrov, depending upon the context. It is not considered impolite to refer to a man or woman simply by using the last name; for example, BOT lIlIeT u.api..aK1Dla means Here comes Miss (or Mrs.) Tsarapkin. In addressing the person, however,
either the first name and patronymic or the nickname is usual. rOCOOrofH and rocoo~i are used by Russians only when referring to foreigners or by emigre Russians. does nol meanfacully in the American sense, but corresponds to the branches of the university we call schools, divisi01Lf, or departments. For example, +HJIOJlont'lecKHi +8KynbTeT (4JHnrflAx for short) means departmenl of languages and Iileratures, and Me,!I,JIUHItCKMii 4!8Ky.'IbTU school of medicine. J
lJ)sKynbTu
~N7
ItS
Basic sentence patterns 1.
rae orypUbJ?
,
_
HX paOOTbI?
_
KJJfO'Ui.
,
Where are ____ ___ ____ ____ ___ ____
,
,
_ _ 8HJlkH.
,
__ n6)KXH? ,
_
KHHrH.
_TeTJlWt?
,
2. r.ne cryAeHTbf? ,
Where are the students?
_ _ Y'fHTeJ1bHHl(bl •
_ _ _ _ the women teachers?
__ Y'!Httml" .
_ _ _ _ the teachers? _ _ _ _ the professors?
_
npoe<:copa?
Here are the keys. _ _ _ the Dotebooks. _ _ _ tbe books. _ _ _ the forks. _ _ _ the spoons. _ _ _ the cucumbers. _ _ _ their papers.
3. 8M XIUO'IH. _
TeTpA.a.H.
_lOtHrH.
_ _ BH.nI:H.
_nb»C.IH.
_ _
orypubi:. H:x pa66Tb1.
4. rlle -
nHcbMa?
B6T 3.1lecb, HB
CIjne.
_ _ _ _ _ _ H3 oKHe.
_ _ _ _ _ HB CTOne. _ _ _ _ _ 113 n6nKC.
5. rAe "HCbMa? -
86T 3ltecb, B lI111HKC.
_ _ _ _ _ B nopT6Je. _ _ _ _ _ _ B KHHre.
_ _ _ _ _ B TeTp3JJ.H.
_ _ _ _ _ B Kop66KC.
6.
the cucumbers? their papers? the keys? tbe forks? the spoons? the books? the notebooks?
.st 0
Hei{
MII6ro
CJII.dwaJ).
_HCM _ H"X
_ _
_,.;c
_
7. 0 -
X6M Thl r080p"Wb? 0 BaXTepe. 0 KHp".IU1e. 0 L(apanxHHe.
- 0 H"He. 116
0 K6ne. 0 rane. 0 came. LESSON 7
Where are the letters? Here on the chair. _ _ on tbe window sill. __ on the desk (or table). __ on the shelf.
Where are the letters? Here in the drawer. __ in the briefcase. _ _ in the book. _ _ in the notebook. __ in the box. I've heard a lot about her. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ him. _ them. _
ynu,
Whom are you talking about? About the custodian. About Kirill. About Tsarapkin. About Nina. AboUl Kolya. About Galya. About Sasha.
8. 0 KOM omi rOBopliT? - 0 np<>
- 06 Y'lMTeJle. -06 One. - 06 aMepmC3.HlCe. - 06 aMepHIC3.HUe.
9. 08 rOBOpKn
EBt-eIIHH. MapiDt. _ _ _ _ O,..,."a.nH. _ _ _ _ 0 na60paTopHH. _ _ _ _ 0 C06p
_ _ _ _ _ 0 CO'lHHeHIIH. ____ 0
____ 0
,asepH. JlCICUHH.
_ _ _ _ 06 06meIHnrn. _ _ _ _ 06 OceHH. _ _ _ _ 06 o'lepe.Q.H.
10. 0 'leM Bbi rOBOpHTe? - 0 ""l'6e. - 0 JaBo.ne. - 0 6opme. - 0 lCoHuepre. - 0 nopTene. - 0 rnK3.4>e.
- 0
'lae.
- 0 cene.nlCe.
II. 0 'leM Thl rOBOp"lllb? - 0 wKone. - 0 I1HCbMe. - 0 MOnOKe.
- 06 Y1UfsepcHTcre. - 06 3K3aMelle. - 06 aSTo6yce. -0606C.nc. - 06 oKue.
12.0 '{eM nHcl.nH CTYAeHTbI? - OH" mtcl.nH 0 Hap6.nax CCCP. _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 RKYralC.
______ ______ ______ ______
0 rpY3HHax. 06 YKpaHHUllX. 06 aMepltXamvu. 06 aMepm::amax.
Whom are they talking about? About the professor. About Ivan. About the cleaning lady. About the teacher. About Olya. About the American (woman]. About the American (man).
He was talking _____ ______ _____
about about about about _~ about _ _ _ _ _ _ about _ _ _ _ _ about _ _ _ _ _ _ about _ _ _ _ _ about _ _ _ _ _ _ about _ _ _ _ _ about
Evgeny. Maria. the notebook. the laboratory. the meeting. the composition. the door. the lecture. the dormitory. autumn. the line.
What are you talking about? About the club. About the plant. About the borsch. About the concert. About the briefcase. About the cupboard. About tea. About herring.
What are you talking about? About school. About a letter. About the milk. About the university. About the exam. About the bus. About dinner. About the window.
What did the students write about? They wrote about the peoples of the U.S.S.R. _____ about the Yakuts. _ _ _ _ about the Georgians. _ _ _ _ about the Ukrainians. _____ about the Americans. _____ about American women.
LESSON 7
117
Pronunciation practice: hard versus soft consonants [PI vs. [ul
A.
Usual Cyrillic spelling 0; also
11I>,
6, or 6...
Note the pronunciation of hard [P) in the following: [nap6etu] [palll3S13 J
to the post office no:lKanyiiCTa please
113 nO'iTy
and compare it with soft [g): [SRi~iti]
cnCWHTe
you're hurrying
lJlC",ij]
nepObl"
first
These are labial consonants, fonned (Like the English p) by completely closing the lips. Soft has the effect of a y-Iike glide following it.
m]
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating bard (PI and soft imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Be sure to avoid the puff of breath that often accompanies the English p. Note that before [il, a w-Iike off-glide is often heard after hard [PJ.
rnl.
B.
[h) vs. Ill]
Usual Cyrillic spelling 6; also 61>, n. or
Db.
Note the pronunciation of hard [b] in the following:
[h,6ji\l [aft6bus] [spa~ib;)]
6p6cHTb aBT66yc cnacu60
to drop bus
thank you and compare it with sofi
soft
[·:>alitt)
Ha o6e.n
[ndu~iJ
B
[.asIUf~il
Ha
~
kJlY6e c.njx6e
J: for dinner at the club at work
Russian [b], like the corresponding English sound, is made by completely closing the lips. The usually have the effect of a y·like glide following it.
[tIJ will
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard [h] and soft [9], imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Note that before (il, a w·like ofT·glide is oflen heard after bard (b].
118
LESSON 7
c.
ImJ ". ['1'J
Usual Cyrillic spelling
M;
sometimes
Mh.
Note the pronunciation of hard [m] in the following;
[m6j]
3HMY MM
my
IR;jm6)
UJiCbM6
letter
[pmn)
winter
aDd compare it with soft lip):
[jUp6n) [qUI.)
SemyaD Mila
Russian 1m], like Russian [b] and {P] and the corresponding sounds in English, is made with a complete closure of the lips. The sort {Ip] usually bas the effect of a y·like glide following it. Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard 1m] and soft [rp], imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Note that before Ii], a w·like ofT-glide is often heard after hard [m).
Intonation practice: part I-questions without question words Questions with a rising contour. This contour is characteristic of questions without question words; these sentences usually present an alternative which can be answered "yes" or "no." In such questions the final word carries the major stress. The pitch begins at about level 2 and rises to a peak on the major stress. It is either sustained or, in unstressed final syllables, it may drop. Practice the following drills, imitating the tape: or the instructor.
4 3
2 I
/ Oil
4 3
2 I
Bbl
ryT?
PbJ.6w neT? :$co TbJ.?
l.ItlA
Oryp.LU:d
3
4 3
2
2
I
I
06e.a. rOT6B? A Bb! AOM6H? Xonrre nOHTH? Oncr 3Jl0p68?
cncWlhe Ha yp6K?
66pUl)"KC ABT66yc)"Kc
CCTb?
4
-)"Ke
OH Ew.e
:no
Ha
CTone?
co6p3Hlte?
TaM Cron68Wl
rOT6s? HJJ.eT?
B
ropcoeeTe?
oncpblTa? ue n63JlHo? HHTepeenO? L.ESSON 7
119
4
4 3
3
--
2 I
2 1
Tbl Bbi Qui!
yxe It,ltere? pa66Tacrr 8 WKOJlC? cme ue J3nCpTbI?
ObI
0mi
AsePH
31'0 a,;,
TYr
06 nOM
}"IKe
3TO
B Kop66KC?
HJl.ere
-rOBoplh' pa66ThI
Tbi
us nb'ny?
er6
f10AYMan? noo6e.llaJHI ? 06 3I<)aMCllax?
CTYAenT08? 3HaeWb?
• TRANSFORMATION DRILL
Pronounce the following questions as statements. 4
4
3 2
3 2 I
I
On
On
IUl,CT?
3TO
DlUi OrYPt.t.b1
--~
'taii ?
3<0
-ryT?
DIID OrYPubl tla
H8 CTom:?
CTom~ .
• TRANSFORMATION DRILL
Pronounce the following statements as questions. 4 3
4
3 2 1
2 1
On P:bl6hl
It,ltCT llOMO". ooJlbwe HCT_
ABTo6yc
H,lteT.
B<[cpa
66pLU.
06e,n
rOToD.
-68
Pbl6bJ
HJl.CT
OOJJl>UJe
ABT66yc )')ICe 8'lCpa 6hrn 06en }')Ke
llOMOU? Her? H,llCT?
66pUl? rOTOO?
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
The Dominative plural of DOunS MOD""
KaK lIena? Y HaC CcTh orypllW.
Ty-r TonbKO
BMJIKK H 110-......."".
rlle ee TeTpaJUI II
120
LESSON 7
Killinl?
How are tllings? We have clIcwnbers. Here are only forks and spoons. Where are her notebooks and books?
The doors are already locked. He has key.~. The results aren't bad. Where are their papers? What did the sludems write about? Where are the teachers? All the professors are pleased with him. All tbe buildings were locked.
):{sepn Y)I(e 3anepThi. Y lIero eCTu K'JUO
r~e Y
NOMINATIVE PLURAL: TABLE OF BASIC NOUN ENDINGS
jKClla-ciass nouns and most cTO.rI-ciass nouns
oK'HO-ciass nouns and some CTtl)J-c!ass nouns
HARD STEMS
-w
-"
SOFT STEMS
~
~
~epL-ciass nouns
~
Notes I. The ending -H occurs instead of ---bl in the hard stem nOJl- and *eHa-ciass nouns whose final consonant is *, 01, 14'. r, or x: 1100h.-H, K'apaJIAalUH, aMCpHK'3.IIKH, KUHnt, JlO:llOCH. 2. Some eToJl-ciass nouns take the nominative plural ending -a or -H, which is practically always stressed: npolj)eccopa, y·U....eJIH, ropoAa. 3. Many nouns have a different place of stress in the plural than they have in the singular. Compare *CH8 with *elll>l, oteHO with otcns, UHCLMO with mtCLMa, f"opo)J, with ropoA8, and cecrpa with cccrp.... 4. Some cToJl-class nouns have an inserted vowel in the nominative singular which does not appear elsewhere in the declension. Compare the singular AellL with the plural AUH, 3BOuOIC with 3BOfiKIi, and IJOLtapoK with 1I0Ltap1CH. Most nouns ending in -eLt in the nominative singular have this feature. Compare aMepHICauen with sMepHICtUlI(LI. YK'PaHHClI with yK'paHnl...., and Of"ypeQ with OI)'pQY. 5. A few CTOJI- and O~1l6-class nouns have their stems soften<.'O and expanded in the plural by the addition of [j]. The nominative plural of such nouns is written with -I. plus II (-MI). Compare nepci with nepbll, 6paT with 6paTbH. and cryJl with CTyJlLH. In the plural of My*, the soft sign is written but the * is not pronounced soft: My:lKbH [muijaJ. • STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS Nominative singular to nominative plural. I. Where was tlte bus?
Where were the buses? T: S: T: s:
rAe 6blJ1 aOTo6yc? rAe 6bmH SBTOOyC"'? rile 6b1Jl3 UlXOJ1a? r AC 6btJlH UIKOm.t? (3aRoD, CTOJl, MaTep"aJI. TeJle~IOI:l, YIiIfOCPCHTeT, KOllllep1'. 3K3aMen. pa6oTa, rpyllna)
2. There was a book on the shelf There were books on the shelf T: Ha nome 6blna KHMra. s: Hs uOJlKe 6bmH KHHnt. T: Ha nonxe 6bui silll,HX. s: Ha n6JIKe 6WIH RutHICH. (xopo6xa. TeTP3ilb, oHJIxa. nopT¢JCJlb, JUliO'!)
LES&ON
7
III
3. Where's the key? Where are rhe keys? T: Cae iUttO'f? s: fJIe KJltO'fJ1? T: f.ne KJUO'fli 1 s: fAi nOjltKH? (JlBepb. nOJllca, p}"fKa, nopnfx:.m.. O'fcpeJlb)
4. OrlQV was here. The OrIQv!>' were here. T: OpJ16a 6blJ1 3.nCcb. s: Opn08b1 6iJ:JIH :mecL, T: KYpO'fKHH 6bln 3ltCct.. s: KYpooIKHULI 6LiJJ. l.nOCL, (UapanKHH. aMepHKanKa, XHTJ)6B, y6opU!Hua, CTYJIeHT. CTy.neUTKa, }"IHTeJ1bHH ua)
• MIXED STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
Nominative plural to nominative singular and vice versa. I. The windows are there. The windbw is there. T: 61ma riM. s: OkKO riM. T: OKHO TAM. S:
OKHa riM, (roPOJI3, ropo.n,
2. The knives were in the drawer. The knife was in Ihe drawer. T: HO:lKH 6b1JlH 8 lillUt&"e.
s:
H~
6WJJ • *wKKe.
T: Kapa.u.nArn 6b1Jl 8 lillUt&"e.
s: KapaHJl.llllDi 6WJJ•• liuvuce. npo4>eccop,
(HO»::,
lCapall.nawH,
HO»::H.
Jtapaa.nam)
npoeccopA)
• MIXED STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
Nominative singular to nominative plural and vice versa. Where was the be//? Where were Ihe bells? T: f.ne 6b1Jl380u6x? s: f.a.e 6baJJH 38OHK1l? T: f.ne 6blnH yKpaHHUbl? s: f.ne 6Lan yKpUHeq? (orypeu, 3801lKH, aMepHKaHeu, orypUbl, no.uapoK)
YKpaHHel.{,
• MIXED STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
Nominative plural to nominative singular and vice versa. I. The chairs are here. The chair is here. T: crynbJl 3.necb. s: CrYJI T: SpAT 3JlCcb. s: 6paTLII 3,1lb. (nePbJl, M}')kb.li, 6p3TbJl, M}0K, ncpO, crYlI)
3Jtea..
In
LESSON 7
2. Where's Ihe chqir? Where are Ihe chairs? T: rM CTyn? s: fJle C"rYJlLfI? T: fJle 6paTbR? s: f,lle 6piT? (M)'JIC, nepbR, CTyllbJl, 6paT, M)'JKbJl}
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. The students have already found out about it. The student has a/ready found out about it. T: CTy.u.euTbI y»ce y:JH3..rut 06 jTOM. S: CTylliHT ~e pfUU. 06 :STOM. T: Y66pUJ;HJ.tLI y»ce )'3HanK 06 :ITOM. s: Y66puuma Y*i y3fuiJIa 06 jTOM. (y-LHTeJlbHHI..lhI, :a::eubI, My;KbJl:, 6pa.TMI, cecrpbl, }"IJf'TeJlJi, n~pa, ~1epH· dHDI, aMepmr.:aHUhI)
2. The student a/ready found out about it. The students a/ready found out about it. T: CTy,l.l,etlT 'j)I(e )'3HM 06 jTOM. S: CTyll,e.rn.. p..-e YlHW 06 :iTOM. T: )Kel:la 'j)I(e y:JHana 06 jTOM. s: )l{em.. r-e y.nui.mI 06 :hOM. (My*, 6paT, cecTp3., )"uiTenb, yOOpUOfua, npo
3. You don't know where the knife is, do you? You don't know where the knives are, do you? T: TbI: He 3uaeUlh, rAe HO)l(?
S: Tw He 3tltieun.. r.ne HOD? T: Thl lie 3UaelUb, rAe upaH,nallJ? S: TY He 3Haeun., r.ne Kapa1uuumf? (nopl'
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Was Professor Or/ov there?
All the professors were there. T: nporpeeeop Opnos 6bul T3.M?
s: Bee npo+eccopi 6w.m. riM. T: CTyAeHT K03JIos 6bul TAM? s: Bee cry,l.l,e.m.. 6t.in.H TiM. CTyAellTXa nerp6Ba 6blJ1a. Tfw? Haw rp)'3HH 6bul T{w? Haw YKPaHueu 6WJl TAM? HawSlKjT6bulT3.M? Ha.wa rpYnna 6b1JJa. TaM? Baw y·nhenb 6bui TflM?
2. He's a student, but who are they? They're students too. T: 6H CTy,ll6rr, a no OHM:? S: Omi T6.e cry,l.l,etrrw, T: Qlla )"IHTc.nbHH1t3, a no OHti? s: Omi TOOKe y'IIiTe.ru.HIII1W. 6H n~p, a no OuM? QHa y66plJ.lHlt3, a no ami? 6H Y'!M:TeJlb, a no anti? On )'kpaM:ueu, a no OIill? OH rpy:JtiH, a no omi? OH S1kYt", a lITO ami? QHa aMepmr.:{mxa, a no OHlt? OH aMepHxaucLI, a KTO Oil"?
• MIXED STRUCTURE REPLACEMEiNT DRILLS
Nominative plural to nominative singular and vice versa. I. You don't know where the pens are, do you?
You don't know where the pen is, do you? T:
Tw
He 3HaeWb, rAe py'fXH?
S: Tw He mtieun.., r.ne p:f'uc:a? T:
s:
Tw He 3UaelUh, rAe nnaThSl? Tw He 3H8.eun., r.c.,e wuin.e? (CO'l.HHeHHJI., co6paHlUI, CTyJlhSl, Y'!HTCJlj(, lUxaiPbI, nepbSl, TeTp3JlH)
2. Is there a chair there? Are there any chairs there? T: TaM S: TAM T: TiM
ecn. C'ljIl? ecr.. crjm..?
ecn. nep6?
s: Ta.'\4 ecn.. uepu? (xop66x:a, wdiP, 01010, orypeu, I10)l(xa, Jl:WHJ:)
LESSON 7
123
SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
NOUNS: TABLE OF NOMINATIVE PLURAL ENDINGS
cniJI-dass
Oh....o-class
- ... or ..... (in most instances)
-8 or-li
*etui·dass - ... or-N
-8
Juu~p..-dass
only
-lit
or-II
(in some instances)
I. All JJ,Ilep..-class nouns spell their nominative plural ending with -N (usually unstressed), which replaces -I> of the nominative singular: .IlBiPb, AUptI; OotepeJJ.b, o..epeJJ."; nT'pliJu., TeTpW.
2. Most oKH6-class nouns spell their nominative plural ending with -a (replacing nominative singular -0) or -II (replacing nominative singular -e or ~): OKR6, OK'fUl; Aeno, Aemii; co6plimte, co6pliJuul: Min.e, Man.JI.
3. Some aM·class nouns spell their nominative plural ending with -a or -II, which is almost always stressed: npo+ettop, npo+eccopa; ropoA, ropoJJ.a; rnrreJU., Y'fHTe.ruI; Kpaii, KpaJil regions. Note that the plural ending -JI replaces ........ and -ii of the nominative singular in the spelling of these forms. 4. All *etul·c1ass nouns and most croJl-ciass nouns spell their nominative plural ending with or -H: .eua, :lKem.r; crOJJ, CT01tW; aBTooyc, aB'rooycw; cecTPa, cecTpw; K'JltO.., 1(!IIO..ti. Note that nouns ending in -II, -ii, or - .. in Ihe nominative singular replace these letters with -II in the nominative plural: IlCTOpHlI, HCTOptrM history; 'I:iii, 'laM; UOpT+en". UOpT+enM.
--Lt
Hard stem ZeH.8.- and crM-class nouns take the ending -H instead of - ... if their stem ends in K, r, x, w, or *: ypOK, ypOKH; KHIira, KHMnI; no*, HO.... ; KapallJuiw, KaPa.ll.Aawti; Kop66Ka, KopOOKIlI. Note that K, r, and x are then pronounced soft before-No
Inserted vowels and alternation of stems
As compared with endings, which regularly change, stems are relatively stable. However, some stems show a regular paUern of alternation, with a vowel occurring in certain forms and not in others. In Ihe examples below, nole that the nominative singular contains the inserted vowel 0 or e as its next to last letter, while the nominative plural occurs without the inserted vowel.
124
NOMINATIVE SINGULAR
NOMINATIVE PLURAL
BASIC STEM
aMepHKilHeu
aMepllxa.luthI
aMepll Kilut-
MOJlOAeli
MOJlOAl(bl
MOJlOllU-
yKpauneu J80HOK
yKpaHHUbl
yKpaHlut-
J80llKH
)801IK-
orypht
orYPllbl
OI"ypn-
LE'iSON 7
The vowel is inserted between the last two stem consonants and serves not only to break the cluster, but also, frequently, to carry the stress. Such inserted "c1uster·breaking" vowels typically occur in case forms with a zero ending. i.e., in the nominative singular of CTOJI-c1ass nouns and in the genitive plural of *etta- and OIOi6-class nouns. Expanded stems in tile plural
Although singular and plural stems are usually the same, some nouns have a plural stem that differs in certain respects. For example, some OKHO- and CTM-class nouns with a singular stem ending in a hard consonant, soften this consonant (if it can be softened) and add a liJ for the plural stem. Note that in the Cyrillic writing system, the U1 is expressed by means oft. followed by the softseries vowel letter SI for the nominative plural.
NOMINATIVE SINGULAR
6pOT nep6 MjlK
cry"
NOMINATIVE PLURAL
[brat) [uuoj [mils] [still]
6pATbM
ncpu M)')Kt.Ji
crY1IMI
[bniti·]
rued') (mufja) [stau·)
The nominative plural of possessive modifiers MOOELS
qt.. 3TO VlJO'lH? MOIi VlJO'lIl s nopT¢le.ne. 3To nooi TeTp3nH. Bee Hiunt: opo¢leccopA HM ,nOSOm.Hbl. r.ne aiuof ICtufrn? r.nC lix pa66Tb1?
Whose keys are these? My keys are in the briefcase. Those are your notebooks. All OUT professors are pleased with him. Where are your books? Where are lheir papers (lit. works)?
• STRUCTURE REPLACE1.tENT DRILLS
I. Is lhal your key? Are those your keys? T: 3TO B3.W KJUO'l? s: ai.w:M kJIIO
:no
2. Whose book is thaI? Whose books are lhose? T: 4bJi TIO KHitra? s: lfbli :ho KtUfnI? T: 4t.e:ITo nepO? s: 'fwi :Jro nepla? (CTOJI, pa60n, CO"lKHeHHe, Ory-ptll, M3TepHaJI, HO:JIC, rapalt,lJ;aw, 001l)(a, nopntJenb, lUUO'l)
LESSON 7
125
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
Whose pens (Ire these? These are our pens. T: 4bH :ho nepbSl? s: 3To HlUllH nepLK.
T: 4bH jTO KapaHllaWH? S: 3TO HliUIH KapKHJl:KunI.
(KHHrH, TeTpa,ll,H, CO'lltHCHHSI, pa60Tbl, MaTeplta.Jlbl. Kopo6KH, lI~HKll, HO)f(H)
• MIXED STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
Singular to plural and vice versa.
Where is your brother? Where are your brothers?
T: rJle TDOH cecrpw?
S: rAe TBOR cecrpa?
T: r,ne TOoH 6pAT?
(p)"lKa,
S: rtJ,e TBOM 6p3.TLA?
CTon, y'lHTCJUI, llBCpb, KJlJO'fH, HO)J(H, KapaHJI.arn, TeTpa;.u,)
nopTtPeJIH,
nomca, 3K3aMCHhI,
• QUESTiON-ANSWER DRILLS
I. A re those his keys?
No, those are my keys. T: 3TO er6 KJUO'l"? s: HeT, :ho MOM KJIlO'lll. T: 3TO era orypu.hl? S: He'T, :ho MOM oryp1lbl. (nopT¢enb, nopTtPenlt, Kop06Ka, KH"flt, pa60Ta, ncpb$!, HOlK, cTy,neHTbI, nepo)
2. Whose notebooks are these? Yours. T: 4 bH :ho TCTpaJlI1 ?
s:
TBOH.
T: 4bliiro KHHm?
s: TBOH. (CTOJI, CO'lHHeHlte, U1Ka(/)bJ, Kopo6KI1, pa60Ta, nepo, nepb$l, HOlK, KapafUlarnl1)
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Here's my sister. The.~e are her books. T: BOT MO$! cecrpa.
2. This is my pencil. And whose is this? T: 3TO MOti KapaH,tl,arn.
S: 3TO eli KHHrH.
S: A :l'rO'leH?
T: BOT Moil 6pAT.
T: 3TO MOH TCrpallll.
s:
s: A :l'ro 'ibM?
3TO era KHHrH. (MOIl CTy.l.l,{:HTbI, Moli cecTpbJ, MOR Y'lHTenbHJ.fUa, MOM My:.K, MOH 6paTbSl, Moil
(OKHO, HO)J(H, Kllla'lH, CO'lHHCHHe, 'fail, 001lKa, KHHrH, nOpTQ>e1lb, xne6, py'fKa)
npexpeccop, MOH Rpo$eceopa)
• PROGRESSIVE SUBSTITUTION DRILL
I. Where is your brother? T; r,ne B<1W 6ph? S:
r }tt~
BalU 6p;h'?
(6paTbSl)? S: r,ll,e RautH 6paTLlI?
T:
T: (c&TPbl)? S: r,ll,l;~ BalUN cec-rpbl? _(TBO.li) _ _ ?
_ _ _ (My,.)? _ _ _ (Y'lHTCnblIHn a)?
lUi
LESSON 7
r.n:e
TDO$! )"lHTeJlbHllua? _ _ _ (6KHa)? __ (Harne) _ ? _ _ _ (aBT66yc)? _ _ _ (KJIIO'fH)?
2. This is my briefcase. T;
3TO MOH nepMI.
:)-rO MOH nOpTlt~Jlb.
_ _ _ (Kop66Ka).
:}yo MOii IIOJIT+em-. " _ (ero) .
_(ero)
S: :}'fO en) nop'rtenb.
_ _ _ (}''fHTenb). _(HX) _
S:
_
_ _ _ (KOpOOlClt).
T:
(KapaUlIaW). S: ~ro ero Kapatl,luiw. _ ~_(nepO).
_ _ _ (Y"HTellli). _(e') _
_(MOlf) _ _.
DISCUSSION
All possessive modifiers of the changing type have Dominative plurals that end in
-M.
whose
my, mine
your, yours
our, ours
your, yours
'tbH
MO"
TBOH
HllWH
BarnH
The third person possessives, ero, fonns for the plural.
ee, and Hx, never change their fonn and thus have no special
rlle ee paOOTbl? r,lJ;e er6 paOOTbl? rlle Hx pa66Tb1?
Where a~ her papers? Where are his papers'1 Where are their papers?
The prepositional case: singular and plural endings of nouns MODELS
rlle Bbl Y"Kmt pyccICIfii S13but, B wKOne? -
Hb,
B
yUHBepcKThe.
A BaC BHAM sf BaC BHAen
ua miKltMM. B SYJUfTOP"M.
86T 116*, us CTOJIe. OHa 6blJ1a B rOpolle.
3m TeOH KUHrH us oOJJKe'1 On H neTp6Ba - nyliwHe CT)',IJ;eHTbl II noi rpYnne. 86T HX paOOTbl, 3J1ect. ua C"'IjJle. Bblllonro CTOliJlH B 6..epeLJ;H? o ..OM Bbl ):JjMaeTe? - 0 MapH".
- 06 Haaue. - 0 JI,,&e. CTYlltUThl n"can" a "apOllax CCCP. K03JIOB
n"can a rpp,"ax.
Where did you study Russian, in school? No, at the uTlil'ersity. I saw you at the lecture. I saw you ill the auditorium. Here's the knife on the table. She was in tow". Are these your books on the shelf? He and Miss Petrov are the best students in this group. Here are their papers on the chair. Did you stand in line long? Whom are you thinking abaul? AboUl Maria. About fl'an. About Lev. The students wrote about Ihe peoples of the U.S.S.R. Kozlov wrote about the Georgians. LESSON?
127
PREPOSITIONAL CASE: TABLE OF NOUN ENDINGS
most CTOJ1-, 01(110-, and ",eml-c1ass nouns
~
,1J,BepL-c1ass nouns and all nouns ending -Kii, -UH, and -He in the nominative singular
In
-e
-H
Ha CTOne B wK6J1e 06 OKHC 06 Y"HTCJle o nlHiThe
B 6'1Cpe,1J,K o EBreHHH Ha JleKI.UIH 06 06meiKH-rHH B 3,1J,aHJlH
~
~
0 ~
•
HARD STEMS
-ax
SOFT STEMS
-HX
-ax
Ha CTomlx B lllK()JIax 060KH3X 06 ylfHTemix
B o'lepemix B ll.BepAX Ha neKI.UIHX 06 06me)ldiTHHX B 3,1J,aHHHX
~ ~
•
Note: The prepositional case is always used with a preposition, usuaJly one of the following: 8
(or
80)
Ha
o (or 06, or 060)
in, at on, at about, concerning, on, of
The alternate form of B is BO, used before certain consonant clusters: 80 8eeM in everything, (J)paIlQHH in France. Alternate forms of 0 are 06 and 060. 06 is used before words beginning with a, 0, y,:I, and H: 06 :iTOM, 06 yKpaHttlt3x. 060 occurs only in a few fixed phrases, such as 060 Mne about me and 060 DCeM about everything. 80
• REPETITION DRILL Repeat the models given above until you are familiar with the endings of the prepositional case.
• CUED SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I.
(Lev) She \lias talking about Lev. T: (JIeB) ami rOBOpHna 0 JILBe. s: Ollli roBopMJla 0 JILBC. " (6ph) (OHa) _ s: Olili rOBOpMJla 0 6plhe, (cecTPa, M)'iK, np
128
LESSON 7
2.
(Ivan) We were thinking about iI'an. T: (MBaH) Mbl llyMaJIlf 06 I1nalle. s: Mb.i llYM3J1H 06 I1BllHe. T: (o6en) (Mbl) _ s: Mb.i ".yM3J1K 06 ooclle. (ypOK, Y'l.UTeJIb, yHlfBCpcUTCT, OpnoB, 3K3aMCIl,
Ocellb)
y'lUTCJlbHHua,
06tUCiKuTue,
• CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
Cue should be given beron: the qucslion is asked.
J.
(Kirill)
Who are you fhinking about? Aboul Kirill. T: (KHpW) 0 Il:OM 8bl ttYMaCTt:?
s: T: (KonJl)
0 KNpKnIlC. 0 XOM 8W .aYMaCTt:?
s:
0 KOJle.
2.
(han)
Whom are you talking aboul? Aboul Ivan. T: (Wsau) 0 kOM ill roBOpJ"IWb? s: 06 HBauc. (OnSl, Y'HfTeJlb. y'fHTeJlbUilLUl, OpnoB, aMepHll:aHk8, y6oPLUHua)
(TaJIJI. K03JIo8. CeMeu, Mapnfl, Marna, HHua, E8reHHii, Uapanll:HtI, !>oplfC, Kypo'fIl:HH, HmwJl8ii)
3.
(Professor Orlov)
Whom is he asking oboul? Abollt Professor Or/ov.
T: (npo$eccop OpnOB) 0 KOM OH cnpaWHBaeT? s: 0 lIPO~CCOpe Opno8c. (WBnH, HHHa, KonJl, aMepUKaHK8, MapuSI, y'flfTCJlb. y'lIlTeJlbHHua, Oner, HItKOJlaH)
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Hal'e yOIl /orgollen aboul Lev? No, I haven'tforgollen about Lev. T: s: T: s:
Thi 3a6hui 0 JIbBe? Hh, Ii He 386t:VI 0 JlLBC. Tbl 386b'ut 0 JBOHKe? HeT, Ii He 386bin 0 JBOH"e. (06 8MCpUld.Hue. 06 yKpaHHue, 0 JIbee, o lBOHKe, 0 no.napxc, 06 aMepHKllmre)
2. Were you thillking about Lev? Yes, I was thinking about Lev. T: TblllYMart 0 JIbBe? s: .£li, Ii n.YMll.II 0 JlbBC. T: Tbi11YMart 06 }"IHTeJle? s: .£la, Ii .l\tMll.II 06 Y'flhene. (0 npo$eccope OpnoBe, a cecTpe, 0 rane, 0 6paTe. 0 Kone, 06 WeaHe neTpDOHlfe, 06 WpltHe neTpDOlle)
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
1. She forgot about Ihe students. She/orgol about Ihe studenl. T: s: T: s:
Omi 3a6blna 0 CTy.neHTax. Ollli la6bina 0 CTy.nCIl"l'C. OHa 3a6blJla 0 npQ(l~ccopax. Ollli 3a6blJla 0 upoepcccope. (0 6paTbl'IX, 0 cecl'pax, 0 KHHrax, 0 WKOJlax, 0 neKUHRX, 0 ncpbRx. 0 nnaTMIX, o pa6oTax)
3. Do yOIl want to find out aboUl Ihe exam? Do you want 10 find OUI aboul the exams? T: s: T: s:
Rbl xonhe yJHaTb 06 .3I03McHe? Obi xoniTe y:JHaTb 06 :teoaMeHax? Rbl xOnf"re y:maTb 06 ypOKe? 0 ... xonlTe y:J.luin 06 ypO"ax? (06 aBT06yce, 06 o6ene, 06 y'fIlTeJle, 0 nCn.lHH, 0 co6palllm)
2. han didn'l write about the schools. Ivan didn't write about the school. T: s: T: S:
WoaH He n"ci.n 0 WKOJlax. WBan lie UHciin 0 IUKOJIC. Haall lie O"ci.n 0 npoQ>eccopax. Wealllle IDlC8.rJ 0 upoepcccopc. (06 y'fUTeJ!HX, 0 6paTbHx, 0 KIIHrax, 06 ypoKax, 06 ylllmepcHTeTaX, 0 rOpD.nax, 06 O'fepeJ1.llX, 0 rpyJHHax)
4. What "ave you heard about her brother? What "ave you hf!(Jrd about her brolhers? T: s: T: S:
4TO Obl CJ1bllUaJlJI 0 ee 6paTe? LITO Bbi CJlbnuaJIH 0 ee 6p8.TbIlX? 4T6 Bbi cnh.nnartH 0 ee cecTpC? LITO Dbi cnbuull.llK 0 ee cec"fpax? (0 era npo4x:ccope, 0 ero Y'I"TeJlC, 0 ee Y'fHTeJ1bHIlUe, 0 ero CO'fIlIlClIlIH, 0 ee pa60Te) LESSON 7
129
•
SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILL
•
STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
The sislers forgot about Ihe brOlhers. The brothers forgot about the sislers.
The book if in tire drawer. Tire books are in tire drawers.
T: Cecrpbl Ja6butH 0 6paTbHX.
T: KHiira B siml-nce. s: KIIHrH B liulHKax. T: PY'lKa Ha CTOile. s: PY"IKII lIa C"l'oJJax. 1
s: fipaTMI Ja6NJJII
0
cecTpax.
T: npexpeccopa Ja6bl11l1 0 CTY.QeHTax.
s: CryncHTbl Ja6bllu. 0 npocfleccopax. M)')KbJl Ja6buJH 0 :lKellax. CTYAeUTbI 336bmll 06 Y"IITe.11J1X.
Y66pUUtU,bl Ja6butH 0 npo4leccop3.x. rp)'JHm.l: 336b1JlH 0 JlXYnu. Y"pal-fHU,bl Ja6wnH 0 rp)'Jl-fHax.
Cecrpa Ha :noaMeue.
Y'lHTerui Ja6bUHt 06 y'l»TeJlbIlHuax.
Y'{ffTenb B 6116;IHOTcKe.
•
CTYACHTbI B aYAHTopHII.
CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
(The meelings) T: S: T: S:
What did they write about? About the meetings. (C06p3.KH'I) 0 '{eM Oll» nllcalm? 0 c06paIlHIIX. (HapO)lb1 CCCP) 0 'JCM au» mtcanH? 0 HapOJJ.ax CCCP.
(KHHrn. era pa60Tbl. '1Jb!KH. neKu,IIH. 3K33MeHbI. aMepHXaHU,bl. Y"HTe.IIR. ropoAa CCCP)
DISTRIBUTION OF ENDINGS IN THE PREPOSITIONAL CASE
I. Singular: -e and -II a. Most CTOJl-. 01\110-. and *CHa-<:Iass nouns take -e as their ending in the prepositional singular: Ita CTOJIe. 06 oKHe. 0 »eette. 0 pLl6e. 8 ropoAe. 0 MaThe, 0 ra..'Te. 06 "salle. 0 J1hae.' Hard consonants are regularly replaced by their soft counterparts before -e in the prepositional singular. Compare crOIl [stolj with Ita cro.'Ie [n:)Stale) and 0...'H6 [akn6] with B oKHe [vakQeJ. )g, m. and u remain hard in this position since they have no sort counterparts: y66puoma [uborSCico], 06 y66pu.\lIlle [abub6r~~ici]. b. All JJ.BepL-c1ass nouns and those nouns with a nominative singular ending in ......ii. -Mil, or ......e spelilheir prepositional singular ending with -M: 0 .ltlIipH, 8 O-.epellH, 06 0cettH, 0 co6paHHH. 0 neHIIH. 06 EBreuK, 0 lltliuu.
2. Plural: -ax and -'IX a. Nouns whose stems end in a hard consonant or .. or Ul spell their prepositional plural ending -ax: 0 KJDO'tax, 0 lQax, 0 croJlax. 0 *euax, 0 KHHrax. 0 nOJIKax. 0 npo4teccopax, 06 YlCpaHlluax. 0 IIHcLMax. b. All others take the ending -fIX in the prepositional plural: 0 JJ.8eplix. 0 nopTeJlinRx. 06 y-.KTemix, 0 IIJJliThRX, 0 6pan,1IX. 0 nCpL1IX. 0 co6pauHIIX, 0 CO"lHBCIIHRX. Note that -b is written in the prepositional plural only if it is also written in the nominative plur,ti: Compare 0 My»eLliIx (nom pi My»ebli) with 06 o-.epe,l],lix (nom pi O"IepeJl,tl). , Note that the name)ln. U~ has the inserted vowel e in the DOminative: singular only. In the other forms... must he inserted to preserve the softne5$ of the 11: 0 Jh.ae.
130
LESSON 7
Prepositions Band ua with the prepositional case MODELS
rne sam 6pAT? -
Ha pa66TC.
-
Ha 06CJ1e.
-
Ha KOHuepTe.
-
Ha OOliTe. Ha 3k3aMeHC. Ha yp6Ke. Ha co6paHHH. Ha neKUKH. Ha 3386ne. Ha CIlYJK6e.
-
Whcre's your brother? Al work. At a dinner. AI a concerl. At the post office. At an exam. Al a lesson. At a meeting. AI a lecture. At the plant. At work.
r.ae BAwa cecrpa? -
Where's your sister? At the university. At school. At the laboratory. AI the library. At GUM. Downtown or In town. In the auditorium. At the club. In the dormitory. At the gorsovet.
B YIIHBepcHTrn. B Im:6ne. B Jla60paTopHlt. B 6H611HoTcKe.
- 8 cYMe. -
B ropo,ae.
-
B aYJlHTOpH". 8 "")i6e.
-
B 06ll.leJKKnrn.
-
B ropcoBeTc.
• REPETITION DR I LL
Repeat the models given, noting tbal with certain nouns only Ha can be used, with others only B.
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
T: OHH Tcnepb Ha nCKUlfjfx. s: OHN Tencpb us neKuHH. (Ra co6pamurx, lIa JaBo.a.ax, Ha ypoKax, B 6H6nHOTeKaX, B ayD,HTopHSlX, B o6meiKHTHJlx, B na60paTopHJIx, B 11IKOnaX, B Kny6ax)
They're noll' al Ihe exams.
They're now af lhe exam. Omi Tcncpb Ila :')K33.MCllax.
T:
s:
OliN Tcnepb Ha JKJlb,elle.
• CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I.
(singing Jesson) Where were you? A t a singing lesson.
2.
(laOOralory)
where is she? Al lhe laOOralory.
JUSI
T: (yp6K nemur)
r.a.e BbI 6MnH?
T: (na60paT6pHJI) r.a.e »l:e olla?
s:
Ha
s:
T: (pa66Ta)
r.a.e Bw6htnH? Ha pa61he.
s:
ypOKC ueHMIl.
(o6e.a., 3aaoD" nOlfT3, 3103Mcn, KOlmCpT, co6pallHC, cnyx6a, nCKUHjf)
B Jla60paT6pHH.
T: (r6po.a.)
s:
r.a.e.e olla? 8 r6poJl.e. (rYM, 11IKon3, 1UIy6, ay.a.HTopHJI,
6H6nHOTeKa. ytlHSCpcHTeT, 06IJJ,CJKHTHc)
LfSSON
7
13J
3.
4.
Where is he now? At ....wk. T: (paoora) Cae 6" -renepb? (work)
S: H a pa6che. T: (UJ.JCona) rne ou renepb? S: B WKMe. (}'HHBepclITeT, nO'lTa, 3K3aMeH, na60pa· TOpHJI, co6pallHe, laBOn, KOIIL\ePT, ropon, ypOK, o6en, neKLlHH)
(meetings)
Where did they hear about it? At the meetings. T: (c06paHHlI) rae Olllt 06 :)TOM c.ru:.iWaJlH? S: Ha c06pUHJIX. T: (.3K:.aMeHbl) Cae omi 06 nOM CJIb1WaJlH? s:
Ha ::n.-:sattteuax.
(JaBoabl, ropona, ypoKH, WKOJ1bl, 6"6JIHOTeKH, yHHaepcHTeTbl, na6opaTopuu)
• RESPONSE DRILL
There's the school. Kolya's in school. T: B6T wtcona. s: KOJUI 8 UIKOJle. T: B6T JaSO,ll,.
s: Komi 118 3aBo.a.e. (nona, lUly6, ayaHTOpHJI, ·yHltBepcUTeT, rYM, na60paTOplU~, 6u6nHOTeKa, WKOna, 06meIltTHe) • CUEO QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
Where's Ivan? At the plant. (3aaoA) rll,c MBan? Ha 3aBone. fae HHna? (wKona) 8 UIKOne. (ytrnBepcmeT) rae ptlITOp? (pa60Ta) rae Oirna? (planl)
T:
s: T:
s:
(neKtJ.HH) (ropoA) (aYJIHTOpHJI)
Cae CT)'J1eHThI? rJIe JIea?
f.ue KupHnn?
rtte npoq,eccop OpJIOB? (na6opaTopHJI) Cae MHna? (XOHUepT) fAe TBO" 6p;h? (o6eA) fJIe TBoJi cec;rpa? (06wexHnle) Cae CTYJIeHT1Ut?
(3K3aMeH)
• PROGRESSIVE SUBSTITUTION ORILLS
I. Irina lvanovna was in town.
T: Hpillla HaalloBlla fibUla B r6poJ1e. s: I1pliHa "ulloBHa 6wul B n~pone. T: (BArna
.
cecTpa)~
s: 88ma ce<::T])8 6wni
B
ropone.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (noorre). _ _ (6,3<) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (co6'am
(E,o) _ _ _ (Y"HTO'''') _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (3IOaMeHaX). _ _ (CTytteHTbl) (H....)
_
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (3K3flMeHe). _ _ (npoeccopA) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ()'IIHaepcHTe-re). 132
LESSON 7
2. My brother is dowmowll. T: MMi 6paT Bropo.a.e. S: M6ii 6pliT B ropone. T: _ (cecTpA) S: Moti cte1lla B rOpo.ne. _ _ _ _ _ (wx6ne). _ (6pAThH) _ (3aBone).
_
_
(Ee)----_ (nCKL\HHx). _ _ _ _ (rYMe). _ (MYx<) _ (TB6ii) _
_ _ _ _ _ (06ute:«HTlflI).
DISCUSSION
English in (i.e., in (he interior) is usually rendered by Russian 8 and English on by Russian ua. in the desk (or table) BCTone on the desk (or table) ua CTOne io the book B 1t1llfre 00 the book "a )Quire
(011
the surface)
However, the English concept at may be rendered by either Hll or .. especially if the place described is viewed in tenns of its function or the activity carried on there. In such instances, the choice between ua or a is not dictated by the idea of position "inside" or "outside;' but is fixed for a particular noun and must be memorized by the student as a set phrase. As a general rule, B is more commonly used if the place is a building or enclosure, and ua is used if the place is described in tenns of the activity carried on there. I.
DB
lIa C06p
!fa lIa Ha Ha
"a
3K311MeHe, H3 3K3aMellax 3aB6.ae, H3 3aB6.aax yp6Ke, Ha yp6Kax neKUIIH, ua neKUII.IlX oO'ne CJlYx6e pa66Tc
ua ua 06e.a.e
2.
at at at at at at at at at
a meeting, at meetings the exam, at exams the plant, at plants the lesson, at lessons the lecture, at lectures the post office work, on the job work a dinner
at at at at at
the club, at (or in) clubs (or in) the library, at (or in) libraries (or in) school, in schools the university, at universities (or in) GUM
B
B UJj6e, B Imy6ax B 6H6J1HOrelCe, B 6H6nHOTt;ICaX
llIX6nax B YHHBCpcHTCTe, B ymmepciITtTax B 1l1l(OJlC, B
B
rYMe
The personal pronouns and interrogatives KTO, in the prepositional case
'ITO
MODELS
a ..eM OlUi nllcA.Jm? a
rOBopiITe? rOBOpHJla 060 MMe.
K6M Bbl
aua
_ _ _ _ _ 0 TOO<. _____ 0
aac.
-,-
Hic.
R0
0
HiM MII6ro
_ 0 ...0 _ 0
UJix
e.m:una..n. ~
_
What did they write about? Whom are you talking about? She was talking about me. _ _ _ _ _ _ about you. _ _ _ _ _ _ about you. _ _ _ _ _ _ about w. I've heard a lot about him. _ _ _ _ _ _ about her. _ _ _ _ _ _ about them.
• REPETITION DRILL
Practice the models until you are familiar with aU the fonns. LI?SSON 7
133
• QUESTION·ANSWER DRILLS
I. Were you thinking about Nina?
Yes, J was thinking about her. T: BbJ AYMaJIll a Hi1HC? s: .l{a, Ii ~MaJI 0 HiN. T: Bbi AYMamt 0 Kone? s: .l{a, Ii .n;YMaJI 0 HeM. (06 }"IHTeJTbllHue, 0 rane, 06 J.1aaHe, 0 ero ceCTpC,
2. Who was he writing about, me? Yes, about you. T: 0 .cOM 6u nucilJl, 060 MHe?
s: l{li, 0 Te6e. T: 0 XOM OU nHcAn, 0 Te6e?
s: .l{a. 060 ,..,.e. (0 Bac, 0 HHX, 0 HeM, 0 Heit, a nac, 0 Te6e)
o ee 6paTe) • RESPONSE DRILLS
I. She was tMnking about me.
About whom? T: Qmi AYMana 060 MHe.
s:
Q "OM? T: Qua llYMana
06 yp6ke.
s: O..eM? (0 WKone, 0 raJIe, 0 Te6e, o Hac, 06 3K3aMeHax, 06 )"IHTene, o co6paHHH, 0 cecrpe)
2. Oh, you're here!
We were just talking about you. T: A, Bbi 3,uecb! s: M.bI KlUI': pal roBOpM.rrM 0 de. T: A, ThI 3,!1ecb! s: KIlK pa3 1"000pKnM 0 TOOe. (OR, OHH, alia, Komi, HHua,
Mw
ranJl)
• CUED QUESTION·ANSWER DRILL
T:
(You) Whom was he asking about? About you. (Bbi) o KOM OH cnpaw"san? o 1Uie.
" " (jI,
" (Tho)
o ICOM OH Cnp3.wHaan? o Te6e.
OHa, MbI, BbI, OU, OU")
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
Who is he?
T: KT6 Bbi?
I haven't heard of him.
s: H 0 sic He CJJWWaJI.
T: KTo 611? s:
H0
HeM
He
(OIlR, TbI, aHa, all, Bbl, OHa)
c.ru.:.:wa.'I.
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. rye heard a lot about American women. What have you heard about them? T:
Jt
MH6ro cnbuuan 06 aMepHJ:3.HKax. s: If.TO aW 0 mix c.rn:nuam.? T: .st MH6ro em.lwan 0 sac. s: If.TO sbi 060 Mne CJlbrWllJIM? (0 era cecTpe, 0 ero )"IHTemlX, 0 ee 6paTC, 06 YKpIUIHuax, aero )"tHTeJle, 06 aMepHxaaQaX, 0 ee npo4leccope, a ee
MjJKe, 134
0
er6 ::.:ene)
LESSON 7
2. She's terrific. The professors speak highly of her. T: Qlla MOnOlleQ.
s: Opo+eccopa 0 iteR
xOpornO f"OBopfl.
T: Bbi MOnOlleU.
s:
npo~pa 0
B8C xOpowO rOBopiT. (on, Mbl, Bbi Bee, OIlH, TbI, JI)
• PROGRESSIVE SUBSTITUTION DRILL I didn't think about that. T: R 06 jTOM He nOAYMan. s: A 06 He DOn,yMaJI, (On) _ _ (0 HeH) (8';') _ _ (060 MHe)
OKJ1 0 m'lc He CJlWWa.n.II. _ _ (0 Te6e) _ _ _ _ _ _ (He nHcAnH).
nOM
_
(On.) - - - c - - - - - _ _ (0 Blie) _ _ (ue 3a6btna). (M';') _ _ _ (0 RHX) _ (On) _ _ _ (06 jTOM) _ _ (ue Don,jMan).
_ _
_
------c- (ue CJlWWanH).
_ _ (0 HaC) (OnM)
_
_
Remarks on stress sbift in nouns A change in the position of the stress occurs frequently in the Russian declension of nouns, but it follows fairly regular patterns. The most typical of these pauems are given below. 1. Stress shirt from stem in the singular to endings in the plural.
NOM so
PREP so
NOM PL
PREP PL
ropaLl
B ropone o nine o MYJKe 06 Y'lirrene o npo4)Cccope OWx3.
ropoAa
B ropoAax o L1eJ13,x o Mj')lCMix 06 Y'lHTeJuix o npo4leccopAx o wICa41ax
~eno
My>< y·uheJll. npoec=p WKafjl
~en' M)'*bli Y'lHTeJlli npoeccopa uu:afjlw
2. Stress shift from endings in the singular to stem in the plural: NOM so
PREP so
NOM PL
PREP PL o :«CHax o cecrpax o 31iM8X lIa oKHax o nepb)lX o m.fcLMaX
:lICeHli
o :lICCHe
:lICellbi
=pO
o cecrpe
cecrp~
3HM3 OKHO ncpO nllCbMO
o 311Me H80KKe o nepe o IlIICbMe
3HMbI oKHa nepbJl nJ1CbMa
3. Stress shirt from stem in the nominative singular to endings in all the singular and plural forms where a vowel ending exists. NOM so
PREP 50
NOM PL
PREP PL
cron 3BOHOK Kapau.A
lIa CTOne o 3BOHKe o Kapallnawe o ICJ1101Ie o 1I0.e 06 orypu.e o Jl3b1Ke
CTonw 3BOHK" KapaHnaWH V1lOlIH HO:ltai
Ha crona-x o 3BOHdx o KapaJlLI,awax o V1JOlIax o ROXaX 06 orypuax o Jl3b1Xax
orypl.l.bl
Jl3l>/K"
The third group of nouns actually have tbeir stress consistently on the endings, where there actually are endings. Where the ending is zero (as in the nominative singular) the stress is of necessity on the stem, usually on the last syllable. LESSON 7
135
4TEHHE H nHCbM6
~ ~ ruwuv 'Ul:d- / H-O $ ~ ~.-~~~~~~. y>«= ~~,/
~
-k~~~'<-
~.~~~.&w~/~ ~,~~~.~~
~U~~~.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ur:?:.
~~~fW.~.&va
j<2./UO ~ ~ ~
~~.
136
LESSON 7
U-
~ ~
- Oner.
Tbi CJlbIWa.n? rOBOpRT. HHHa 601lb8a.
-
HeT, OIHl 3Jlop6aa. CMOTpli, BOT OHa HJJ,eT.
-
HUHa, Ky.na Dbl HlteTC? A, 3.npaeCTByihe. Ji: H,ny B :ho 3JJ.aHHe. TaM ceH'IaC 6Yn.CT rOBOPHTb peKTOp. nOWJIH If Mbl, Oner. 3To HHTepeeHo.
-
CerOJlHSI Y HaC H3 ntnurn 6bIn omm aMcpHxaucu. OM Y'lKn PYCCKHH $l3bzK B yHHBePCHTeTe B AMepHICC II BROJlDe xoporno rOBOpH"r nO-PYCCKH_ MHTCpeCHO C HHM n03HaxOMHTbCJI. Ho xlix? MO:lkeT 6b1Tb 38.BTpa DB 6ylteT 8 CTonOsoH.
-
XOTifTC nOHTii 113
KOHUepT.
MHna?
- C y.noB6J1bCTBItCM. KCnrlTH, :ho 6ecnmiTIIO? - }la. Hy, nod. >1 ceH'tac enemY H3 co6paHHc
- Ao
B
JellYG.
CBH,l],3HH5I.
LESSON 7
137
LESSON
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
rue Moii cnOBapb?
CJ10Bapb (CJ1oBapli) (m) rAe Moil CJ10Bapb? y Te6li Y Te6li Moil CJ10B!lPb? BJla;:uf.\tHP, y n6li MOM CJlO8ipl. ?
dictionary (dictionaries) Where's my dictionary? you'have; at your place. Do you have my dictionary? Vladimir, do you have my dictionary?
Y MeHli Hk, He y Med.
I have; at my place No, I don't.
OH y CeMellOBa
Pbu Ott He y CeMeHOBa?
Semyonov has it really; are you sure! Are you sure Semyonov doesn't have it?
y Hero [uQiv6J y Hero HCT, y Hero cnpaUHfBaTb (I)
he has; at his place he doesn't have it No, he doesn't have it. to ask, inquire
(prv cnpocliTb) TOJIblCO 'ITO [tolk;>~t;>J .st TOJIblCO 'ITO cnpaWHBM. HeT, y HCI"O m!:T. A TOJILKO 'fTO cnpaWHBM.
just, just now t just asked. No, he docsn', have it. I just asked.
OK y K03J10Ba Toras, MO*eT 6brT.... Oil
Kozlov has it Then maybe Kozlov has it?
p.i3Be
ne-r He-r.
8
Y KoJJtou? 3auliTlUI (pi) Ha 3amiTHJlX
He 6blJlO. KoJJtoBa CerO,llHK He 6LrJlO
K03J16Ba Ha
3aUnurx.
MO:'eT 6Wn., ..... ocriBlJJT CB6ii CJlOBSp.. B 6tt6mtoTiKe?
st riM He 6WJ1.
studies, classes at classes Kozlov was absent (or missing). Kozlov didn't attend his classes today. Maybe you left your dictionary at the library? I haven', been there. 139
nowen,nowma,nowmo,nowmu (irreg past of nOHTl1:) 51 nowen .llOMOH. nOCJIe 3aHliTHH nOCJle 3aHlhHH $I nowCJt .llOMOH. cp
went I went home. after classes After classes J went home. immediately, right away, at once Right after classes I went home. a dictionary, some sort of dictionary I saw a dictionary in the dining haH.
KaKOU-TO cnooapb B CTonoBou $I BU.llen KaKOU4To cnoBapb. y Hac B cronooou 'y Hac U cTonOBoH si BUtleJI KaKO"~TO CJIOaapb. nOtlO>KJl:3.Tb (prv I) noJJ.o*.lUi, y HaC B CTOJlOBOH 11 BH.neJI K8KOii-TO CJlOOapL.
to wait (a limited amount of time) Wait a second, I saw a dictionary in our dining hall.
lfaocpHo 3TO, HaacpHo, Moil CJIOBapb. nocMoTpIO 3TO, HaBepllO, MOH. noiiJJ:Y DOCMOTpID.
probably, likely It's probably my dictionary. I'll take a look It's probably mine. I'll go take a look.
Mara3HII .lI6n~eH,.lIOn*H3.,.lIOJl*H6,.a0~HhI
R .aOmKeH
nOHTH a Mara3HH. Koe-'!To [k6jd §t6] A Ii JJ.om..eu Dom B Mara3HH ..6e--'1TO "ynHTL.
in our dining hall I saw a dictionary in our dining han.
store must, have to, got to (lit. obliged, obligated) I've got to go to the store. a thing or two, a couple of things And I've got to go to the store to buy a couple of things .
SUPPLEMENT I1CTOPI1S! Y
Y
Y Y Y
MeHR rerrepb I1CTOpll.sf. nHTCpaTypa MeHJ1. Tcnepb JlHTepaTypa. rcorp
""'"'"
Y MCHli Tenepb
140
LESSON
xHMHS!.
8
history I have history now. literature I have literature now. geography I have geography now. mathematics 1 have mathematics now. physics I have physics now. chemistry I have chemistry now.
r Jle Moii CJI0BapL? H. -
H.
Qe' j
2 HCT, He y MeHJi. A p3.Joe OU He y CeMeHOBa 11
H.
B.
J HeT, y Hero Rer.
uQiv6
.st TonbKO 'iTO cnpflWHBan.
ja
K03Jl003 cer6.nHSl:
kazlbvd ~iv6dQd
B.
ua
3aHJlTlUlx. 2
6 MO:>KeT 6bl:Tb,
7
8
t61bst~ spdisiv~1
lagda m6iidbit 6n ukazJov~ 1
B 6H6nHoTeKe?
A TclM
ja tam Qebil j
OcT3BHJI
CBOK cnoBapb
He 6b1J1. )
!
~H~biI3 n3zaQa\ijax!
m61idbi\ Ii astayiJ sv6j slavar v~iblia\elti j
TId
H.
Qetl
Oil y K03nooa?
He 6blJlO
B.
QiUqUQil j a nizyi 6n Qiu~iJllon~\p,}! Qet!
4 Torna. MO)KeT 6bJTb,
H. 5
BJla,IlHM.Hp
vlac;tirpir 1 u\i~a m6j slav3f !
BnaaiiMHp,
y refili MOM CJJOOapb?
B.
8. -
HHKomiit
Cpa3Y n6cne 3aHJiTHH nowen .nOMO".
Sfazu p6sli 7.aQa\ij
nOJIOJK.llH,
podafQi j unas rstalov;)j I ja yic;tiI kak6jta slavar!
pasol dam6j
y HaC B CTOJl680H
Ji BH.a.en K3KOii-TO
1
CJlOOapb.
H. 9
B.
10
NOTES
Ji )l611)KeH noAnf K6e-
A
! JY.)smatrii 1
eld oa yem;) moj
3TO, HaaepHo, MOij. nOH,lJ;Y nOCMOTpiO.
pajdu B
Mara3HH
a ja d61zin paN vm~ga~in f k6jo!l6 kURi\ j
Pli,3Be is a word used to express surprise or incredulity, such as: you don', mean to say! it is,,'t possible! really! and so forth. I
Note the use of the pluml uwrrH.II to mean class. This is the usual word for classes or studies at the university. JleKltH.II may also be used to refer to university classes, but it is more often used in its literal sense (lecture) to describe an event outside class, such as a talk by a visiting lecturer. Compare also ypOK (literally lesson), used botb to mean any kind of pTimte lesson and c/as.s at the pre·university level. 2
CTYJJ.CIITbi TeOepb Ha 3auliTltJut •
.st MY Ha nCKluno. Y'leHHKH Ha ypOKax.
The students are in classes now. I'm going to a lecture. The pupiJs are in class (lit. at their lessons). LESSON
8
141
) Contrast A TaM He tiblJl I haven't been there with K03J10S8 cerolUul lie tiblJlO Ita 3aHlITHRX Koz/ov wasn't at his clusses today. ln the second example, a neuter
verb and a genitive case subject are used to emphasize Kozlov's absence, i.e., to point oul that he was missing. 4 lI.0Jnl('etI is a short-form adjective used together wilh the infinitive must, has (or have) to. lIS literal meaning is obliged or obligated.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
Y sac
map
Europe maps of Europe you have Do you have maps of Europe?
ecn.
ecrb K8.pTW
ESpOllbI?
npo.naelUHu,a olKnMTb (I)
Her,
MbI. OXHJl,aeM 33eTpa. He.u.e.rtH (He.a.CnH) HO
Ita cne.a.ylOlUeH He.ll.ene HO MW O~eM Ha eJle.a.yJOweti
Hh,
He.QC.'1e.
Ha :hOH HeLlene Her. HO Mht OlKH,ll;aeM ua iTOH He.a.e.ne.
KHT3ii dpm KHTfuI Y eAc ten, dpm JurraJI? Y Bac ue-r Kii.pTbl KHTb? A K3pTh1 KUl'b Y BAc mh? T6xe A dpTW K'wr8.A: Y alic To:«e Her?
/cTb Y
HaC ecrb
KapTa KHTali.
nO)l(3.IIyHCTa a6T nO)l(3.IIyHCTa BOT, nmriJlyHcrs. H
dpm
MHe Hy)ltHa
Ho
MHe nyJKHa
Ho
MHe BCe-TllKII H)']DIa II ...'1ipn
It
dpTa EBpOnbi.
ace·TaKH
Eo.......
KnOCK cnPOCHTb (pfv II) (ipfv cnpauumaTb) A 8M cnpoclhe a IOIOcke. yroJl (gen sg yrna) 142
lSSON 8
mean
B Mara3HHe
d.pn ,Eep6na KapTbI Eep6nbl y eac
10
saleslady to expect No, but we're expecting them tomorrow. week(s) next week No, but we're expecting them next week. this week No, but we're expecting them this week. China a map of China Do you have a map of China? Don't you have a map of China? And you don't have a map of China? too, also; either And you don't have a map of China either? there is, there are We do have a map of China. please, you're welcome here you are Here you are. also, too I need a map But I need a map of Europe, too. nevertheless, still, just the same But just the same I need a map of Europe, too. stand, newsstand to ask, inquire Ask at the newsstand. comer
A
ua yrJ1Y cnpocNn
Bbi
B Ktt6cKe 113
on the corner Ask at the newsstand on the comer.
yrJlY.
TaM TO:lKC lib A )?Ke TaM 6b1J1. Tht TOlKe Hb.
[it's] not there either I've already been there. They don't have it there either.
aTnac
Klili: Tor,na Hac.." iTJlaC8?
atlas How about an atlas? How about an atlas then?
AoporOH ATJlac, "_puo, 6"Iettb LlOpor6i?
expensive, dear An atlas is probably very expensive, isn't it?
Her, He O"leHb.
No, Dot very.
npHHecTH (prv I) Ii npllHecY Hh, He 6oteRb. Cei..lic DpHHecY.
to bring I'll bring No, not very. I'll bring one right away.
KflK uaC
SUPPLEMENT
y Hee OCTb Y Hee
she has Does she have an atlas? they have Do they have an atlas?
eCTb ilTnac?
y HHx ecrb Y Hlix ecn. lhnac? ICyeOk (gen sg KycKa) XOTIITe ewe kyooK xnt6a? CT3k3.H Xonhe eute CTadH MonoJCa?
p'''''
Want another piece of bread? glass
Want another glass of milk? cup Want another cup of coffee?
B Mara3Hue
B.
n.
Y 03C ecTb KlipTW EBp6nw?
2 HOT, HO Mbl O)KH,naCM
Ha CJ1eAYlomcH HCAMe.
B.
) A KlipTW KHTfur Y Rae T6J1CC Her?l
n.
4 Her,
ecrb. 2
B6T. no>d:.JIyHCTa.)
B. -
BnaJUtMHp
n. -
np0,D,aalUl1l{a uvas je~t
karli jivropi !
Vel) no mi alid:ijim I nasltdujultij vi~Cli )
aUrti !sitaj;J ! uvas toli 'Jet!
vet) j~\) VOl) pilil,"') LESSON 8
143
B.
n. B.
5 XOpoUJo. Ho Mite ace-Yak" " dpTa E8pOnbi.
x~raso 1 no mQe r¥5l~\i nuzna I i Idirl~ jivropi 1
H)1)KH3
B KuocKe Ha yrny.·
a vi spra§iti f\i6s~i nouglii )
..st
ja uze tam
6 A 8bl cnpocHTC 7
)?Ke TaM
6blJI.
bill
tam tozi Qet 1
TliM TO)Ke neT.
n.
8
B.
9 ATJlac, uaaepHo, 6 .. eHb Jl.oporoii"
atlas nayerD~ ociQ d:uag6j 1
n.
10 HiT, He O'leHb. Ceii'lac lIPHHecy.
Qet! Qioci\l )
KaK Tor.na U3ClIeT
kak tagda na~6t 3tbs:d
aTnaca?
,
§icas ppfJ.isii 1
I Note that TOOKe means 100 or also in affirmative sentences, but neither or not . .. either in negative ones:
NOTES
Compare
with
)KeHa T6)Ke pa66TaeT B ropcoaeTe. KapThl Kunhl y. B3C T6:.e HCT?
A To:tce ero Be 3H{UO.
My wife works at the gorsovet, too. You don't have a map of China either? Neither do I know him or I don't know him either.
In answering negative questions, Russians lIsually begin their answer with HeT regardless of whether the answer is affirmative or negative: 2
A dPTbi KimiH Y oac TO:lKe HCT?
T~
-
HOT,
ecn..
riM He 6b1R?
Her. 6bln. Her, lie 6hlJ1. l nOiKaJIYHCTa
And you don', have a map of China either? Yes, we do. Weren't you there? Yes, I was. No, I wasn't.
is a polile word used in various situations:
nO:lK3.nyHCTa, JaXOMTe.
B6T, nO;Jl(3.nyHCTa. nO:lKanyHCTa. CnacH60. - nmlC3.nyMCTa .
Come in, please. Here you are. You first (at a door or entrance). Thank you. You're welcome.
• A few CT6JI·nouns like WKa+ and yroJl have a second prepositional case ending in stressed -Yo which occurs only when they are used with prepositions Ha and B.
144
LESSONS
Compare with
KH6cIt ua yrJlY. Ji rOBop.o 06 yrJle.
The newsstand is on the corner. I'm talking about the corner.
Compare with
Orypuhl
The cucumbers ace in the cupboard. I'm talking about the cupboard.
B
IllI:8
Ji rOBop.o 0 lllK3.q>e.
Basic sentence patterns
Y Y -
sac tX:Tb cnoBapb? ):la, tcTb. ):la, y Melili ec-rb cnOBapb. re6li tcTb cnosapb? )la, ecn.. ):la, y Metui tX:Tb cnOSapb. Her6 ecrb cnosapb? )la, ecn.. J],a, y Her6 ten. cnOsapb. Hee ecn. cnOBAPb? )la, ecn.. .L13., y llee tcTb CJI0Bapb. HaC ecTb CJI0Bapb? )la, ecn.. J],a, y Hac ecn. CJI0aapb. HHX ten. CJlOBapb? )la, ecn.. J],a, y mix ecn. CJlOaapb.
Do you have a dictionary? Yes, I do. Yes, I have a dictionary. Do you have a dictionary? Yes, I do. Yes, I have a dictionary. Does he have a dictionary? Yes, he does. Yes he has a dictionary. Does she have a dictionary? Yes, she does. Yes, she bas a dictionary. Do we have a dictionary? Yes, we do. Yes, we have a dictionary. Do they have a dictionary? Yes t they do. Yes, they have a dictionary.
2. Y Y Y Y Y Y -
BAc ecn. CJ10aAPb? HCT, Y MeHli HeT cnoaapli. Te6li CcTb cnoBapb? HCT, Y MeHli HCT cnoBapli. Her6 tcTb cnoaapb? HCT, Y Her6 Her cnoaapli. Hee ecrb cnoaapb? HCT, Y Hee Hlh cnoaapli. HaC tcTb CJI0Bapb? HCT, Y HaC HCT CJ1oBapli. HHx ecrb cnOBapb? HtT, Y HHX neT cnoBapJi.
Do you have a dictionary? No, J don't have a dictionary. Do you have a dictionary? No, I don't have a dictionary. Does he have a dictionary? No, he doesn't have a dictionary. Does she have a dictionary? No, she doesn't have a dictionary. Do we have a dictionary? No, we don't have a dictionary. Do they have a dictionary? No, they don't have a dictionary.
I. Y Y Y Y -
-
3. Y sac OCTb
nopT(I~J1b? eCTb nOpT~b.
-
,[la, y MeHl!
-
Her, y Me"" neT
nOpT~nJl.
4. Y Me CcTb py'lKa? -
,[la, y Meilli CcTb py
t
Do you have a briefcase? Yes, I have a briefcase. No, I don't have a briefcase. Do you have a pen? Yes, I have a pen. No, I don't have a pen.
5. Y sac ecTb M01l01(6? - ,[la, y HaC OCTb MOJlOICO. - Hlh. Y HaC HCT Monod.
Do you have milk? Yes, we have milk. No, we don't have any milk.
6. 4T6 y sac Ttnepb? - Y MeH.li renepb IIHTepa-rypa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pyCCXHH J13blX.
What do you have now? I have literature now. _ _ Russian _ _. _ _ geography _ _ _ history _ _. _ _ mathematics __. _ _ physics _ _. _ _ chemistry __
______ ",ocpa". _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HCTOPHJI. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ MaTeM3.THka.
_______ 4lH3HK:a. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ xHMHJI.
LESSON
8
145
7. KOJJIosa cerOJlHR Her.
Kozlov is absent today. _ Vladimir ~ Evgeny ___ Kirill _ Semyon _
BJlaJ:tlIMHpa - - EBreHIDI _~ _ KHpJinJla _ ~MeHa __ Jlbaa _ Onera _ HHICOJl.h _
8. KOJIH B'Iepa
IU~
Lev Oleg Nikolay
61>1J10 Ha JaHjnuu.
rI"m
_
HHHbI
M""",
_
- - - - - -_-
Map... MAwH
_
On. 9. Er6
-
_ TaM
ue 6blJ1o?
Her, He 61>1110. Her, Oil TaM 6W. He 6bJno?
Ee
TaM
-
H&T, He 6bJJlO.
-
Hh, olla riM 6blJ1a. He 6blJ1o?
Hx riM
He 6hlJlO.
-
H&T.
-
Her, omi
TaM
6b1J1H.
10. tUM no noPT¢ltru>? - BJla.nHMllpa. -
CeMeuoBa. Onera. CeMeHa. npo4leccopa OPJlosa. Epha. XHT'p6Ba.
-
Uapan.ICHHa. Yo:nhe.nR.
-
HHKOJli.H. EBreHIUI.
II. 4bH 3TO KJ1IO'Ui? - Y66plJ.tHllhl. - npOJlaBlUHLl,b1. - CecTpbi. - )f(eHbJ.
- MapH".
146
-
Y'IHTeJThHHLl,b1.
-
H"Hhi neT'p6BHbJ.
LESSONS
_ _ _
Kolya was absent from classes yesterday. Galya _ Nina _ Mila _ Maria _ Masha _ Olya _ Wasn't he there? No, he wasn't. Yes, he was there. Wasn't she there? No, she wasn't. Yes, she was there. Weren't tbey there? No, they weren't. Yes, they were there. Whose briefcase is that? Vladimir's. Semyonov's. Oleg's. Semyon's. Professor Orlov's. My brother's. Khitrov's. Tsarapkin's. The teacher's. Nikolay's. Evgeny's. Whose keys are these? The cleaning lady's. The saleslady's. My sister's. My wife's. Maria's. The teacher's (t). Nina Petrovna'~.
.aeno HHllbl. ___ 6"".
12. ~TO
ThaI's Nina's business. _ _ Olya's _ _ _ Galya's _ _ _ _ Kolya's _ _ _ Sasha's _ _ _ the saleslady's __. _ _ the cleaning lady's __. _ _ tbe custodian's _ _ _ _ Kozlov's _ _ _ _ tbe chancellor's __, _ _ Lev's _
_ _ _ r
_ _ _ K6nll.
_ _ _ CAw". ____ npo,lUlOWHUbI. _ _ _ y60PUll1Ubl. _ _ _ _ OWlTtpa.
_ _ _ _ K03JI6oa. _ _ _ peKTOpa. _ _ _ JIb".
Pronunciation practice: hard versus soft consonants A.
[v) vs. Iyl
Usual Cyrillic spelling
8;
sometimes ... or
81..
Note the pronunciation of hard Iv] in the following: (ivan] [vi]
Ivan you
and compare it with soft [V): [d;)svidaQ.j.,) (yi~jlJ
,0:0 COItJl.aHItSi
B~cn
good-bye saw
Russian [v), like the corresponding English sound, is made by bringing the upper teeth close to the lower lip. Before [0] (and especially (iJ) tbere is often the auditory effect of a w-like off-glide. Soft [V), on the other hand, has the auditory effect of being followed by a y-like off-glide.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating bard [v] and soft [y], imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can.
USSON 8
147
B.
lO
l~ vs.
Usual Cyrillic spelling
til; also
8;
sometimes
BE.
or ....
Note the pronunciation of hard (f] in the following: [~itif6n]
telephone Africa completely
rAfri!<.j [rpal~eJ
and compare it with soft
m:
WlipJ
HJumn
[prafCs:lf 1
npocj>6ccop
[part[eIJ
nopT~
Philip professor briefcase
Russian (fl, like the corresponding English sound, is made by bringing the upper teeth close 10 the lower lip. Soft has the effect of a y-Iike glide following it.
m
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard [f] and soft [0, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Note that before [0] (and especially [in, a w-like off-glide is often beard after hard [fl.
c.
[IJ
v>.
III
Usual Cyrillic spelling ]I; sometimes
JIb.
Note the pronunciation of hard [I] in the following: [yi4ilJ [Qebil] [4 il'J [rpalQeJ
8H.D:en
saw
IIC6bU1
wasn't affairs completely
AM' anOJIIle
and compare it with soft
nJ:
JIea
Le,
[balniJ
60JlbHhI
[p"t[e[)
nopTtj>e.nb
[ucili[)
}"lHTeJlb
sick briefcase teacher
nc~
Russian hard Pl is made with the tip of the tongue against the back of the upper teeth and wil.h the middle of the tongue lowered or hollowed out. English has a somewhat similar I in words like ball. bull. and whole. In Russian the tongue muscles are tenser and the tongue hollower. Russian soft OJ is formed with the front part of the blade of the tongue (not the tip) in contact with the ridge of tbe gums behind the upper teeth. Soft nJ bas somewhat the effect of being followed by a y-like glide as in English miffion. Sound Drill: Practice the Russian paired examples illustrating hard [U. imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can.
148
LESSON 8
Pl and soft
,
Intonation practice: part II--questions without question words Questions with a rising-falling contour. This contour is typical of questions where the major stress is not on the last word. The pitch rises to a high peak at level 4 on the major stress and then ~rops to a point somewhere between levels 1 and 2.
Practice the following drills, imitating the tape or the instructor. 4 3
4
3 2 1
2 I
Bbl
rOBopkrc no-pyccKH"
3TO
Rbi
6J1Si?
rbi,
CJIblIlIaJIH
QRa MOlKeT Bid .n.onfo RbI xontre
Bqepa 6bIJlO c06paHHc? 68 .naBHO GoneR?
06 3TOM?
nOKnt? pa66TaJIH? KO
• TRANSFORMATION DRILL
Pronounce the following statements as questions. 4 3 2
4 3 2
I
1
o. QHa
Y HaC 3TO
He 6b1J1 .D:OCTana
-o.
H3 3K33.MCHC.
OHa .Ilocnin:a
orypuhI.
0cTb
KOcf>e.
Barna
KuHra.
He 6b1J1
3TO
Barna
Ha 3K3a.MCHC?
orypuhI ? K6¢le ? KIill:ra ?
• TRANSFORMATiON DRILL
Pronounce the following questions as statements. 4
3 2
--
I
QHli 6WlH H3 KOHUepTe? Ha o6eJl OnJITb Kama? Marna odriImJla KJllO'fH? ORa KynHna nOJlapoK?
4
3 2 1
/~~
Omi
6buTH Ha KOHl.,tepre. Ha o6eIl Oruln. Kawa. Mawa ocraaHJIa KJlIO'fH. OHa K)'lliUta nOJlapoK.
LESSON
8
149
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
To have in Russian: affirmative y constructions in the present tense MODElS
ecn. upaJ1.I1aw?
Y Bac
- Aa, CCTh. - Aa, y Me",1 ecn. KapallJ{am. Y sac ecn. KHHra ? -
All,
ecn..
- A.a. y MeHi ecn. Iluira. y sac ecn. nepO" - Ali. ecn.. - .!la, y Memi ecn. nep6.
ecn.
Y sac TeTp3..tuf" - All, <\cT•. - )l;a, y MeHlI ecn. TeTpa.o:H. Y Te6i M6" Kapau.nam? -}ta, yMeHA.
- Ai, 6H y MeRJi:. Y Te6i Moi Iluira? - ){a, y MeHi. OHa y MeUJi:. Y Te6i M0C5 nepO? - )l;a, y Mem. - .!la, oU,6 y MeHR. Y re6li MOK TeTpfuI,H? - Aa, y Mel:Ul:. - Aa, OIlK y Melli.
- .ai.
Y sac cer6,llHJ1 3D
Do you have a pencil? Yes, I do. Yes, I have a pencil. Do you have a book? Yes, I do. Yes, I have a book. Do you have a pen [point]? Yes, I do. Yes, I have a pen [pointJ. Do you have notebooks? Yes, I do. Yes, I have notebooks. Do you have my pencil? Yes, I do. Yes, I have it. Do you have my book? Yes. I do. Yes, I have it. Do you have my pen [point)? Yes, I do. Yes, J have it. Do you have my notebooks? Yes, I do. Yes, I have them.
Do you have an exam today? Yes, we have an exam today. Do you Yes, we Do you Yes, we Do you Yes, we
have a lecture today? have a lecture today. have a meeting today? have a meeting today. have examinations today? have examinations today.
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the models after your instructor or the tape until you are familiar with the patterns.
• REPETITION·SUBSTITUTION DRILL
We do have cucumbers. Y HaC ecn. oryPuhl. s: Y HaC ecn. 0I'yplIW. (60pl.l.t, Kama, 'laM, ([<$e. cene.ltl:a, MD1IOXO, pbi:6a. TeJI$H. I:JIIO<[H, CJ10saPb)
T:
ISO
l.fSSON8
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Do you IUlve a pencil? Yes, I do. T: Y Te6li ecn. x:apaww? 11'
•
J
S: ....... ecTlo. T: Y Te6li ecn. KllH:ra?
s: .lI.li. ecn..
2. Do you have fish? Yes, we have fish. T: Y sac ten, phl6a? s: )li. y Hlle ecn. pWtia.
sac ten. oryp~? s: )li. y ..ae ecn. 0I')'plIhI.
T: Y
(CTonbi. aTnac, KapTa EBPOnbl, Kapau,I1aWH, KHHnt, TeTp3JlH. Marepl-laJI Ha MaThe)
(P)"llta. HO*, TeTpa.D.b, aTnac. nopnPem>, MonoIo, 6opm. ceneAICa)
3. Do you have a pencil? Yes, I have a pencil. T: Y re6li ecn. KapanJlA.w? s: .all, y Men ecrb kapaH,Ilam. T;
Y re6li
s:
)la,
eCTb
py'l.x:a?
y Memi ecrb PY'Ika. (KUHTa, re:rpMb, lIonka, nopT~JU., Kop06Ka, TeTpMH. HO*)
4. Do we havefish?
Yes. we do. T: Y HaC teTb pbi6a 1
s: .lI.a, ecn.. T: Y HaC ten. KJIJOIfH? 5'
,lla, ecn.. (Kap1'a EBPOIIhl, BHJlKH, JlO)KKH, KapTa Kl-ll'all, kHHr1f, KapaHJ{aW.H, nepbg)
• QUBSTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Do you have my keys?
2. Do you have my notebook?
Yes, I do. T: MOR KJJI()'lH Y re6li?
Yes, I have it. T: Y re6li MOJii
s: .lI.a. y Metn1.
s: )la, OIIa y Memi. T: Y Te6Ji Moa aTnac 1 s: .all, 6H y Me:tni.
T: MOH XJDO'iH Y K03J1oea?
s: .lI.a.. y Hero. (y uee. y HHX. Y Bac. y Hero, y re6S1, y Bn3.lUiMHpa, Y HHHbI)
3. What do you have now, history? Yes, I have history now. T: lho y re6li Tenepb, HCT6pH1I:? s:
.lI.a.
y Mewi Tellepb
HCTOptlSl.
~1
(MOg p)"lKa, MOR J:apTa KHTaJI, Moli HOX, MOI-l nHcbMa. Moe nl-lCbMO, MOX Jlo:lllll:a. Moe CO'(HHeHHe, MO" npaH,L{aw) T: 41'6 y re6i reDepb, xMMHJI?
s; )la, y Metlli Teoepb xHMHJI. (JIOaMeH, co6paHHe, ypoK DeHHR. HCTOpHJI, MaTeMaTHXa, JlHTepaTypa, ¢lH3Hka, reorpaqlH.lI)
DISCUSSION
The concept to have is most commonly expressed in Russian by means of the preposition y plus the genitive case form of tbe noun or pronoun to indicate the possessor. The thing bad or possessed is in the nominative case and is the grammatical subject of tbe Russian sentence.
Y sac tcTb KDJira ? -
Y MeHli
ecn. xllUra.
Y HaC tcTb pw6a. Y BaC tcTb orypubl:? - )la, eCTb. Y Bna.uHMHpa ec-rb nopTlf>enb.
Do you have a book? (Lit. By you is a book?) 1 have a book. We have fish or We do have fish. Do you have cucumbers? Yes, we do. Vladimir has a briefcase. LE'SSON
8
lSI
£en. is required in those constructions where the speaker wisbes to establish or affirm the presence or existence of the subject under discussion. If it is used in the question it must be repeated in the answer. It is omitted when some other part of the sentence is focused on. 'ho y Te6R renepb, pjCCK'HH R3b1K? H6T, Y MeHR reDepb MCTOpMll. Y aae MOH CJlosApb? Y sac Moii CJIOBapb? Y sac CJI0Bap.. ?
-
What do you have now, Russian? No, I have history now. Do yOIl have my dictionary? Do you have my dictionary? Is it a dictionary you have?
To have had in Russian: affirmative y constructions in the past tense MODELS
Y sac 6btn ::noaMell?
Did you have an exam?
_ _ _ ypbK? _ _ _ _ yp6K nemf}!? _ _ _ _ aHrmHicKHH fl3b1K? _ _ _ _ PYCCKlfH H3brK?
_ _ _ _ _ a lesson?
Y sac 6blJ1a JleKu,lf$l? _ _ _ _ lfCTOplUf?
_ _ _ _ reorpa¢llUf? _ _ _ _ JlHrepa:rypa?
Did y~)U have _____ _____ _____ _____
y sac 6blJlO co6paHHe? _____ CO'tHHeHHe? _ _ _ _ neHHC?
Did you have a meeting? _ _ _ _ _ a composition? _ _ _ _ _ singing?
y sac 6buJH 3k33MeHbl?
Did you have _____ _____ _____ _____
~
MareM3TKKa?
____ WO KH ?
_ _ _ _ co6p3JIJUI? _____ JlCkllHII? _____ 3
_ _ _ _ _ a singing lesson? _ _ _ _ _ English? _ _ _ _ _ Russian? a lecture? history? mathematics? geography? literature?
exams? lessons? meetings? Iectures? classes?
• RepeTITION DRILL
Repeat the above models, nOling that for the past lense the appropriate form of 6wJJ, 6blJ1a. 6wJJo. or 6WtH must be used to agree with the noun denoting the thing had or possessed .
• QUESTION·ANSWER DRILLS
I. Did you a/ready have an exam? Yes, we did. T: Y BaC
r-e 6bm 3oiMeH?
s: 11... 6WI. T: Y sac y:Jt.e 6bUlo co6paHlte? s:)li, 6Wto. (neKU,HJl, ypok nelUUl, reorpa¢lHJI, 3K33MeHbl, ¢lH3Hll:a, MaTeMaTHIa. XHMIDl)
152
LESSON 8
2. Did you have exams yesterday? Yes, we did have exams yesterday. T: Y sac B'lepa 6buuf 30aMeHbI? S: 11li, y HaC B"lep:i 6Y.rut 3JOaMeu:Y. T: Y sac B'lepa 6w wOk? S: 11li, y de B'lep8 lWn yp6K'. (c06pamte, ypoKH, neklUUl, HCTOpIDI. mrreparypa, 31OaMeH, PYCCKHH 1I3blK. 33.1I$lTHJI)
•
STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. I have a box. I had a box. T; Y MeHJI 6cn. Kop66Ka. s: Y Memi 6h1J1i KOpOO...-a. T: Y MeRJi: ecTb nOpTlI>eJlb. s: Y Met(li 6blJl nopTcf»Cnb. (KapaH~alll, n6JIKa, nepo, py'lKa, Tel"paJtH, 110)1(, HO:lKll, KJUO'l, lUllO'lll)
2. We're having a meeting loday. We had a meeting today. T: Y "lic cer6.nlUl co6paHHe. s: Y Hic ttr6LUU1 fibulo co6pi.uHe. T: Y HaC cerO~llJI neHlie. s: Y Hic cer6)l1U1 6b1JJO oeHMe. (PYCCKI1H J13bIK, JK3aMell, JlOaMellbl, CO'lMllelllle, ypoK, phl6a, 6opm, Kawa)
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. We had an exam, did you? So did we. T: Y lIac 6wJI JlOaMeH, a Y B{IC? s: Y lIlic TO"lKe 6blJl. T: Y Ilac 6b1J]a JICKUJ.HI, a y sac? s: Y Hie To*e 6b1Jui. (JlOaMellbl, CO'lHHeUHe, Pycclnrn J13b1K, neUIle, IICTOpHJI. reorpa
2. Did you already have singing? Yes, I did. T: Y Te6li 'j>KC 6bmo nCHlle?
s: lI.a, 6w.o. T: Y Te6Ji: )"KC 6b1J]a MaTeMaTHKa?
s: lla. 6b1JJa. (neHHe, ypoKH, HCTOpMJI,
• CUED QUESTION·ANSWER DRILL
(a meeling) Whal did you have yeslerday? We had a meeling. T: (co6palUle) 4TO y BaC B'Iepa 6wno? 'S: . Y HaC 6wJlO c06piuHe. T: (3I03.Melll>i) 4TO y sac B'lepa 6bmo?
s:
Y HaC 6bvrH ;nnbletlbl. (PYCCICHii Jl3bDl:, J3.1IJ1T1U1 B na60paTopHH, CO'lHfleHHe, neHIle, neKUHJI. 1'3601"3 B na6opaTopHH)
DISCUSSION
To express the concept 10 haw! in the past tense in an affirmative sentence, Russian uses the appropriate fonn af 6WI, 6wJla, 6Woo, or 6ba.'IlI to agree with the grammatical subject, i.e., the thing ""d. Y HaC 6bUI 66pw. _ _ 6Wla phl6a. _ _ 6ht.no co6pallHe. ___ 6hlnH JK3aMeHbJ.
We had borsch. _ _ fish. _ _ _ a meeting. _ _ _ exams.
The most typical affinnative response to questions using this construction is a short answer containing tbe confirming roi plus the appropriate verb form.
Y Te6Ji: 6bt.n Jk33Meu?
-.ni, 6bUI.
Did you have an exam? Yes, I did. t.f$()N
8
153
The genitive singular of nouns MODELS 3TO KJIw
npo4Jeceopa.
_____ BaXTepa. _ _ _ _ pCKTOpa.
_ _ _ _ 6pfna. _____ BJIa.D:w.mpa. _ _ _ _ _ HllKOJlb.
_____ y·lIl:TCmr.
r,lJ,e KJIlO'IH ceCTpbT? _ _ _ _ _ )"fHTeJlhIlHLU./?
_____ npO.a.aBUl:HLU>I? _ _ _ _ y66plUHl.J;b1? _____ aMCpl1K
_ _ _ _ Maplin?
CnpOCK HaC'IeT
nHcbM~L
These are ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ ____
the professor's keys. the custodian's __. the chancellor's __. Brother's __. Vladimir's __. Nikolay's __. the teacher's __.
Where are ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
Sister's keys? the teacher's __ ? the saleslady's __ ? the cleaning lady's __ ? the American woman's __ ? Maria's __ ?
_ _ _ _ _ _ oKua.
Ask about the letter. _ _ _ _ the window.
_ _ _ _ _ _ MOJlOxa.
____ the milk.
_ _ _ _ _ _ neHH.If.
____ ____ ____ ____
_ _ _ _ _ _ CQ'H1HeHHR.
______ o6wc)fdITlliI. _ _ _ _ _ co6paHHJ'I.
the the the the
singing. composition. dormitory. meeting.
TABLE OF GENITIVE SINGULAR ENDlNGS
CTOJI- and oKHo-class nouns -R
CTomi TeJle4>6H3
0'
-R
...
HHKOJlatl
)Kemi-class nouos
-'" :lKCuW
KapTW
31l0HK8
}"Uh=o
"""'J'Y
cry,aeHTa ,aena
DJIaThH co6paIDfH CO'lHHemut
EBpOlILI
OKRa
H_
0'
Luu:ipb-c1ass nouns
-"
-"
rluuo
llBCpH
KOJIH MapHH Hcr6pHH
6"l.epeJtH
6",..
TeTJ'luuo
KliWH KHHfH
nepa
Kop66K11
nHCbM8
cry.n.eHTKH
Notes
I. CToJl-c1ass nouns ending in -L and -ii and oKHo-c1ass nouns ending in -c or -e in the nominative singular take -II in the genitive singular. All other CTOJl- and oKHo-c1ass nouns take -8 in the genitive singular. OKHo-class nouns have the same ending as in the nominative plural, but the stress may differ. Compare nHCLMa (nominative plural) with nHCbMa (genitive singular) and .!teJlli (nominative plural) with ,Il,ena (genitive singular). 154
LI!SSON
8
2. JKetlli~ and .ltBipb-class nouns have tlie same ending in the genitive singular as in the nominative plural. BUI note thai with *eaa-c1ass nouns, the stress may differ. Compare *eKLI (nominative plural) with :litem:. (genitive singular) and ckJpw (nominative plural) with ct!CT'pW (genitive singular). • REPETITION DRtLL
Repeat the above models after your instructor or the tape un IiI you are familiar with the pattern of genitive singular endings.
• CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
(Kurochkin) Whose briefcase is that? Kurochkin's. T: (Kjpo'lxHH) Yeit :iTo nop~b? s: Kjpo'tKIUIa. T: (Bna.a.H:MHp) qeit no nOJ'llPCnb? s: 811anKMHpa. (HuBa, K03JIoa, HHtconaH, y'lUTeJlb, aMeplUCaHeu, Opnoa, aMepUXal1JCa, l1aall, Mapml)
• INTEGRATION DRILLS
I. This is a book. This is a student. This is a student's book. T::no XHHra::no CTYllCHT. s: :no Kmira CT)'JJ,eHTa. T: 3TO xapaH)),aw. 3TO Opnoa. s: :ho Kapaww 0p110sa. 3TO TeTp3Jn.. 3To Bna.luThfHp. 3To nopT¢le.rn>. 3TO npocl:lf:ccop. :fro pa66Ta. :fro 'l'Y3MH. 3To CTYllCHTbl. ::no npo4leccop Opnos. :ho CO"HUeHHe. 3To K03JIOB.
3. Here's a briefcase. Here's a teacher. Here's a teacher's briefcase. T: B6T nopTlfl6lb. BOT )"IJITem,HHua. s: BOT )"OiTCJlbBt.uw. T: B6T y66plllHlta. BOT wr:ona.
DOpT+emo
s: BOT yOOpdlMlUl UU\Mw. B6T dpTa. BOT EBpana. BOT llBCpb. B6T aY.lUtTOpIDI. BM y'll·hCJIb. B6T rprnna. BOT OKHO. B6T aMepHlCaHJCa. BM KHHra. BOT npOJJ,aBUJ.Hua. BOT nnaThe. BOT HHHa. B6T BHnKa. BOT MHna. BOT 'IawKa. BOT 'Iaii.
2. This is a dictionary. This is the teacher. This is the teacher's dictionary. T: 3To CJl0eapb. 3To )"IHTeJ1b.
s: :ho CJlOBapb )"IHTenlil. T: 3TO KapTa. 3TO KUTaii. s: :ho KBPTa Kn8ll. 3TO KJUOC3ynbTaTbl. 3TO co6paHHC. 3TO IC3pTa. 3To Eepcma. 3T0 arnac. 3To EBreHKii. 3To yq:Hre.nb. :no wxona. 31'0 py'lxa. :no aMcplUCaHcu. 3TO KHHra. 31'0 npo.o.aBlltHua. 3TO CTaK3.H. :ho MonolCO. 4. This is a dictionary. This is a professor. This is the professor's dictionary. T: 31'0 CJI0Bapb. :ho npo¢lCccop.
s: :ho CJIOUpb npo+eccopa. T: 3TO nopT~. 3-ro Komi. s: :no DOPT+em- KOmi. :ho CTOn. :ho MapJiR. 3TO paOOnt. :'no rAJUI. :ho olSen. 3To KonSl. 3TO Oma. 3TO 6ll6JIHOTCKa. 3TO lllIaThC. :no npo.o.aBll.tHtla. 3TO CJI0eapb. 3-ro rAJUI. :fro mpH. :fro rYM. LESSON 8
155
5. Here's the library. Here's the university. Here's the university library. T: BOT 6H6JlHOreK3. BOT yaHBepcHTth. s: BOT 6n6J1HOTeKa YHHBepcHTiiTa.
T; BOT KHura. B6T y'llfTeJlh. S: BOT IrnHr8 rufyeJUl. BOT nopT¢leJlb. BOT np
6. The teacher is here. But where is her husband? Where's the teacher's husband?
T: Y'fHTeJlbHHll,a TYT. A r,lJ,e ee M'Y'K? s: r.ll.e My'" )"UITeJ1h1lHULI? T: npCxpeccop OpJloa TYr. A r,Oc ere CTy.uCIITbl ? s: r.ll.e CTY.II.eHTb.l llpolj)eccopa OpIlOBa? BJIa,uHMlfp TYr. A r.ne ero ceCTpa? K03J1oa TjT. A nre ero 6ph? YqlfTeJlb XHTpOB TjT. A r.ne era iKeHa? HHKOJl:rn TYr. A r.ll.e ero 6paT? HHHa T)h. A r.ne ee MYx? MapH}! TjT. A r.ne ee Y'fHTeJlb?
DISCUSSION
Unlike the prepositional case, the genitive is used both with and without a preposition. Used without a preposition, it indicates 3 relationship of possession or descriptive limitation. My)l(
ceCTpbJ
sister's husband Ivan's bqok, a book of Ivan's Maria's pen, a pen of Maria's a map of Europe the people of China a singing teacher, a teacher of singing a geography lesson a glass of milk
KRura Haana py.uca Mapu" KapTa EapOlIhJ napOn KHTb y'BfTeJ1b neHltH )'pOX reorpa¢mH cTaxaH MOllOK;}
Note that, unlike the English possessive, the Russian genitive normally follows the noun indicating what is possessed or described.
The genitive of KTO, 'ITO, and the personal pronouns MODELS
Y aae ec-rb CJI0napb? Y Te6H ec-rb CJI0aapb? Y Koro MO" ATnac? -
Y MOO.
-
Y Hero.
-
Y nee. Y HaC. Y Rlix.
Do you have a dictionary? Do you have a dictionary? Who has my atlas? I do. He docs. She does. We do. They do. What was it they were asking about?
HaC'feT "lero OHII cnpalllHaaJUi?
NOM
GEN
156
•
Tbl
MellM
re6M
LE.'iSON
6H
OHa
Mbl
Sbl
oUlI
KTa
«6
ee (Hee)
HaC
aac
IIX (HUX)
Kor6
"era
oHa
8
ero (Hero)
The alternate third person pronouns, uet'"o, H~ and mix. are used only when the personal pronouns are preceded by a preposition: y Hero, Y H~ and y KIix. Note that r in en). Hero. KorO. and 'fef'"O is pronounced [vJ: Uivo], [Q-ivo], [kavo], and [~ivol.
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models after your instructor or tbe tape.
• QUESTION-ANSWBR DRILLS
I. Where is he, at th~ university? Y~s, he has exams today. T: r.Qe OU, B YHH.BepcHrere? s: )la. y uero ceroJnlJl ::nOaMetibl. T: rJJ.e omi, B YHHBepcHTthe?
s: )la. y uee
CerO)1lUiI 3K18MettLiI.
2. And where are you going, to a lecture? Yes, I hav~ history now. T:: A BbI xy.ni, H8 JlexLtHlO? S: .ali., y MetUi ceii'l8.c HCTOpHliI. T: A OHK kyJJ.3, H8 lIeKltHIO'1 s: )la, y nHX CetNac HCTOpHH. (J1pHlIa, Tbl, Baw CT)'J.l.eHT, Tl1051 cecTp8,
(ORU, KHpKJl.ll, raJI5l, CTYJJ.eHTbl:)
KOlUl,
TBOH 6p8ThJl, HpltH8
H
raJIst)
3. What does Galya have now? She has history now. T: LITO Y ranH Tenepb? S: Y Hee TeoePb Hcrop.... T: 1ho Y Te6li Tenepb? s: Y MemI TeoePb HcroPIUiI. (y HUX, YKOJll.f, Y Hac, y K03Jlooa, YBac)
• CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I.
(We) Who has Russian now? We do. T: (Mba) Y kO(6 Tenepb PYCCk.rn st3bu:? Y .uic. T: (oua) Y koro Tenepb PYCCKHlI Jl3huc? Y mix. (Bbl, OHa, st, OU, OHH, TbI, MbI, OKH, OU)
" "
2. T:: S:
T: S:
(They) Who has my dictioTJlUy? They have your dictioTJlUY. (omi) Y xorb MOB c.noaapb? Y iIIItx. (on) Y Korb Moil c.nOBapb'1 Y Hero. (OHa, Bbl, OH, 51, MbI, OHH)
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
1. Vladimir has the key. He has the key. T: KruO'I Y BJla.z:tHMHpa. S:: Kmo'l y Hero. T:: K1II0'l y ceCTpbl.
s:
KJDi>q
y aee.
(y CT)'.QeHTa, y *eElhl, y KonH H r3.JIH, y 6paTa, Y K1>3JIoBa H CeMeHOBa, y Hm:oll8JI., y MapHH)
2. My sister has an at/as. She has an at/as. T: Y cecTpi>l 3.T1I8C. S:: Y Hee ecn. aT naco T:: Y HKKOJlaa ecn. 3.TJl8C. S: Y Hero aTJIaC. (y KOJlH H r3.JIH, y fl1060BH, YCTy.QeHTa, Y CeMeHa, y CeMeHOBa, y K031l0Ba H CeMeHOBa, y BJlaD.HMHpa)
ecn.
ecn.
LESSON 8
157
• QUEST10N·ANSWER DRILLS
I. Is Ga/ya at classes? No, she has a meeting now. T: rami Ha 3aHRTH$!X? s: Hh, y llee ceii'lic co6pbHe. T: Haall Ha 3aHRTIUIX? s: Her, y aero ce....ac co6pliHMe. (HHHa, ee cecrpa, HJur:OJlaH, OHH, HpUHa" Jlea, CeMeHoa, CTy.neHT, JlI060ab, KOmi,
2. Do you have Russian now? No, J hatle singing. T: Y sAc Tenepb pyCCKHH $!JbIK? s: Her, y MeHIi TeuCpb uCHMe. T: Y I1PHHbI renepb pyccKnH $!JbrK? s: Hh, y Bee Teuepb uCHMe. (y Men$!, y Hac, y BnaJUtMltpa, Y HHX)
Sopite, Maplt$!)
The genitive case in
OeT
constructions
MODELS
Koro J.necb HeT? - laecb UCT KOJJlosa. _ _ _ _ _ HHIoJlaJi. _ _ _ _ KoJiH.
Who isn't here? or Who's missing? Kozlov isn't here. NiJcolay _ Kolya _
_ _ _ _ H .......
Nma
_ _ _ _ MapiiH.
Maria
68 JAe<:b?
Is he here? No, he isn't. Is she here '! No, she isn't.
- Hth, era uth. Qna J.necb '! - HeT, ee neT. Sopma 60JlbWe 8CT.
Xn<60
_
ya.
_
MOJloxa _ PbJ6w _ _~_ Kawlt
Cene.nKIt
_
_
Y sac luh KapaH,n:awa? _ _ _ _ fnJlaca '! _ _ _ _ cJloaapJi?
_ _ _ uepa? _ _ _ _ MOJlod?
_ _ _ _ KAPTbl EBpOnbl? ____ TeTp:l.n.H? _ _ _ _ KHHrH?
_
_
There's no more borsch. _ _ _ _ _ bread. _ tea. _ _ _ _ _ milk.
_ _ _ You don't have ______ ________ ______ _____ ______ ______ _____
fish. kasha. herring. a pencil, do you? an alias ? a dictionary_1 a pen ? milk '? a map of Europe _ _1 a notebook ? a book ?
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models after your instructor (or the tape), noting that the subject of sentences using neT is always in the genitive case in Russian.
158
LESSONS
• REPETITlON·STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
These drills should first be perfonned as simple repetition drills, then repeated as structure replacement drills. I. The map is on the table. There isn't any map 011 the table! T: KapTa Ha crone. S: Kapn.l aeT na crone! T: PW6a ua crone. s: PW6w aeT na crone! (HO*, Kama, mtChMO, xop06s:a, '1aH, nepo, nopnt>enb, CO'IHHeHHe, SKJlxa, c.nosapb)
2. Professor Orlol' is here. Professor Or/ol' isn't here. T: npo¢leccop Opnos 3Jl.ecb. s: npo+ecroPa OpnOaa 3.nea,. aero T: 6H 3Aea..
s: Ero ~b BeT. (y6opUJ;lll.Ul, oua, 6paT, MapHJI, au, Mawa, oua, YKpaHoeu., au, KomI, ou, Hltkonaii)
3. Do you have a mop of China? You don't have a map of China, do you? T: Y sac ecrb KAPTa Kl1n\.H? S: Y sac ReT dpThl KHTaK? T: Y sac ecn. HO;g? S: Y RaC Her Ho....li? (X.1110'l, aTnac, py'tKa, TeTpan.b, kapTa AMepKKI1, uJlca4l, Kop06ka, nepo, c.nosapb) • CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I.
T:
S: T:
s:
(Kozlov) Who's net here yet? Kozlov. (Ko3JIbs) Korb ewe Hn? Her KO").'1oBa. (HHHa) Korb ewe Her? Her HMHw. (8nazuiMlIp, rUITeJJbHHua, HHKomlli, np<.>¢leceop Opn6s, I1sau, MY. MapUH, Y'lHTeJJb, y66pwuua, 6paT HHHhI)
2.
(phone)
What's missing here? There's no phone here.
T: (TeJ1e¢x>H) qer6 3J1ecb Her?
s: T:
S:
].aea, Hh Te.'u~4KMta. (Monox6) \.fer6 3J1Ccb Her?
].nec.. ae-r MOJIO"'. (nonxa, CT}'JI, 3Tnac, c.no8apb, 38000K, IC.JlJO'I, HO*, x.ne6, cyon)
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
1. Where's thefish? There isn't any fish left. T: r.ne pbi6a? s: PW6w 66m.we IteT. T: rAt 'tau? S: qill oom.we aer. (Kawa, 60pw., ceneAxa, Monoxo, xne6)
2. Is Koziol' here? No, Koziol' isn't here. T: K03JIOS 3J1eo.? s: Her, KOJJloBa 3lI.kb ner. T: K YPO'IXHH :meeb? s: Her, Kj~ :J,ltea. aer. (HuHa, KOD, pelITOp, saxTtp, npocl)6ccop OpnOB, OlTer, MapHJI, HJuconaH, KHpIlJlJl)
l.fSSON 8
159
3. Do you have a map of Europe? No, I don't have a map of Europe. T; Y Hac eCTh KlipTa EBp6nbl? S; Hb, y Metui lIeT KlipThI EBp6IJh1. T: Y HaC eCTb aTJlac? S: HeT, y Metui Hb linaca. (cnoaapb, KJlJO'l, nepo, nOpTepe.nb, TeJle
5. Is there a library there? No, there's no library there. T: TaM 6cn, 6lf6J1lfOTeKa? S: HeT, TSM UCT 6116JJHOTeK:H. T; TaM eCTb nO'ITa? S: Hb, riM HCT uO'ITbI. (3a8o.n, yfumepcU'reT, o6w:e)f(IITHe,
4. Is Kozlov here? Kozlov is absel1/ (or missing) today. T: K03JI08 3.nCcb? s: K03JJo8a cerOAH1I HeT. T: HUKOJIau 3.o,Ccb? s: HHKOJIRH cerO)llllil HCT. (KoJIJl, Bna,lI;llMHp, HeaD, Oml, XHrpoB, MapWl:, EOplfC, HHHa, Kypo'lKlfH)
3aJl,
UIKona, TeJTeq,OH, Mara3HH, aYAHTOpWl:, KJIy6, KHOCK, Jla6opaToplfR)
DISCUSSION
HCT means both flO (as the opposite of Ali) and there is (or. are) no or there isn'/ (or aren't) any. Historically it comes from a combination of He plus Ccrb. When HeT i~ used in constructions with the genitive it focuses on the lack or absence of the subject. It differs from constructions using the nominative plus He, where the focus is not on the absence but on some other element of the sentcnce.
Ero
Compare with
Oil
3AeCb ner. lie 3Aecb, a
B
ropo.ne.
He's not here (Le., he's missing or absent). He's not here; he's in town.
The genitive case in past tense He 6b1JJO constructions MODELS
_______ HHKomiR.
Who wasn't there (i.e., who was missing)? Kozloy wasn't there. Nikolay _
_ _ _ _ _ _ KOnn.
Kolya
_ _ _ _ _ _ MapffiJ.
Maria Nina Olya
Koro TaM He 6bLI1o? - TaM He 6blJIO K03nOBa.
_ _ _ _ _ _ HMnbl. _ _ _ _ _ 6nH.
Era T3.M He 6blJlO? - HeT, He 6b1Jto. Ee TaM He 6b11l0? -
HeT, He
6b11l0.
\.ferD TaM He 6bl1l0? - T3.M lIe 6hrJlO 6opma. _ _ _ _ _ _ lfaJ'l.
_ _ _ _ _ _ xlle6a. _______ MoJtod.
160
LESSON
8
_
_ _ _
Wasn't he there? No, he wasn't. Wasn't she there? No, she wasn't. What was missing? or What wasn't there? There wasn't any borsch. _ _ _ _ _ _ tea. _ _ _ _ _ _ bread. - - - - milk.
- TaM He 6blJIO pbl6w. _ _ _ _ _ _ KaWH. _______ ceJIe./l.Kll.
There wasn't any fish. _ _ _ _ _ _ kasha. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ herring.
Y Meuli lie 6blJIO Kapall.naWa. _______ 3.TJIaca. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CJlooapli. _ _ _ _ _ _ nopT
_ _ _ _ _ a composition. _ _ _ _ _ a map of Europe. _ _ _ _ _ a notebook.
_______ IClufnt.
_ _ _ _ .book.
I didn't have a pencil. _ _ _ _ _ an atlas.
_____ a dictionary. _ _ _ _ _ a briefcase. _ _ _ _ a pen.
REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models after your instructor (or the tape), noting that for the past tense ae 6b1J1O corresponds to tth of the present and that here too the subject is in tbe genitive case. He 6101..'10 is pronounced with a single stress which falls on ae: [Q.ebil~].
• REPETITION·STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
1. There's nofish. There was no fish. T: Pbl6b1 Her.
s: PW6w
..e 6woo.
T: AaT66yca neT. S: AJrr66yca He 6WJiO. (MaTepHana. O
2. We don't ha~'e (any] work. We didn't have [any) work. T: Y uac neT pa66Tb1. s: Y wie ..e 6wno pa66Tb1. T: Y uac Her kJlYGa. S: Y HaC Hi 61.1110 ..-:Jlj6a. (C06paHIDI, )"lHTemI, KapTbl CCCP. Te1Ie$olla. 6n6nllOTeICH. ayJnITopllH. 3X3aMella, ypm::a. neKWfll)
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
1. Was the custodian there? No. he wasn't. T: BaXTep TaM 6bUl'? s: Her, en) He 6wno. T: Erb iKe",l TAM 6b1J1a '? s: Hh, ee He 6b1no. (KoJIlI II raJIJI, Baw Mj')I(, ee GpaT, oua. ou, Ollll, npoll.aBUUtLl3, !lauJ CTYAeHT)
2. Did you have a meeting? No. we didn't have a meeting. T: Y BaC 6blJlO co6pauHe? S: HeT, y Hlic He 6L1J1o C06paHHJI. T: Y oac 6blJJ yp6K nemU! '? S: Hk, y HaC lie 6wno yp6Ka nCRH1I. (paGon. neKU,WI, HCTOPHJI, 3K3aMeH. kJllO'I, aTJlaC, CO'lHHeHHe)
3. Was there borsch? No, there wasn't. T: D6pl1.l 6w '? s: Her,..e 6WJIo. T: PbtGa 6b1J13.? s: Hn, He 6wJIo. (3k3aMeH. kawa, 6oplll, ce.n~. xexpe.
06eJl, ypok neHHJI, XJleG, O':lepeJlb, 380110':. co6paHHe)
LESSON 8
161
• RESPONSE DRILL
Kozlov wasn't there. Who wasn't there? T: K03JI6Ba T3.M He 6b1JlO. s: KonS liM He 6blJ1o? T: A.TJlaca T3.M He 6bU10. s: "fenS riM..e 6W11O? (o
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. There was fish on the table. There wasn't anyfish on the table. T: Ha CTOne 6b1Jll't pbi6a. S: Ha CTone He 6bUlO pw6b1. T: Ha crone 6buI ooe.ll. S: Ha CTOJIe He 6blJ1o 06ba. (
3. I had a dictionary. I didn't have a dictionary. T: Y MeHJI 6bl.n CJlOsapb. S: Y Memi He 6wto cnoupti. T: Y MeHJi 6b1.Jl3 kHHra. s: Y Men Hi 6wto 1aIIinl. (ypo1C, nemte, reorpa4)iUI, JleDJ;IDI, 303Men, HCTOpIDI, ypok ¢!H3HJ;U, mnepa· Typa)
• PROGRESSIVE SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
1. I have a pencil. T: Y MeKJi ecn. KapaHmlw. S: Y Metd ecn. KapaJtJ.t8w. T: (HtT) _ S: Y Me:tni Her ..... paJ:IJJ.awi. _ _ (ten.) _ _ _ _ (He 6blJlO) _ _" ~.o- (ten.) - (Y T<6') _
---(=pa;u.). _ _ (HtT) _ _ _ (ten.) _ _ _ (He 6blJlO) _ _ _ (ten.) _
162
LESSON 8
2. We had a meeting yesterday. We didn't have a meeting yesterday. T: Y HaC B'Iepa 6bUlO c06pllHHe. s: Y lI1ic .'
2. He has a briefcase. T: Y Hero ecn. nopT¢lenb. s: Y Hero ecn. DOPT+em-· T: (",!T) _
s: Y Hero uer DOpT+en., _ _ (ue6"",o) _ . _ _ (UOT) _
_ _ (ecn.) _ _ _ _ (He 6"",o) _ . _ _ (ecn.) _ _ (YHee) _ _ _ _ _ ("pTa).
Y He~ ecTh KapTa. _ _ (HeT)
_
_ _ (ecn.) _ _ _ _ (lie 6blJIo) _ _
_ _ (ecn.) _ _ (TiMl _ ()
.
_ _ (ecn.) _ _. _ _ (He 6"",0) _
__(ecn.) _ _
DISCUSSION
Hk of the present tense is replaced in the past tense by ue 61>1110 in constructions focusing on the absence of a thing or person. The noun or pronoun indicating the missing thing or person is in the genitive case. However, the nominative may be used for the subject (together with He plus 6w, 6b1J1a, 6wo, or 6WJH) if the focus is not on the absence itself, but on same other element of the sentence. Compare with
HHHa .a.aslio He 6b1JI3 B KJJj6e. HUHhl Ite 6hlJlO S KJlY6e.
Nina hasn't been at the club in a long time. Nina wasn't at the club.
Compare
J.1BAH 6bUi He lIa JleKIlHJI)I:, a lIa co6p3.HHH. HBaHa He 6b1J10 Ha co6pimrn.
Ivan wasn't at lectures; he was at the meeting. Ivan wasn't at the meeting.
with
LESSON 8
163
- f!iUt.
T P-.1J
1U-~, fU-
IJ'
6iM.- ?
Jl-- #Ltm<:e. . .!11M--
c4w-
F
LESSON 8
Jt,
~
r- .1Ca.- ~.
ad~ . -
~. - ~
?UT Jt"
~
~/
~ ~. -~ J!. ~ ~. - ~ I Jt.. ()'W
f«- O'
164
6iM.-
't4«. ~ ~ (-
-t
IV
?ur- ~ ~ p- 9"a,~, 'HLr
r:f
-~,
~
'W'fIu
k
om,.
-
Wean J.1a3HOBH'I Opnoa. -
KTO Y TeJlC€POUa? -
Kax npowen
3K33MeH? -
O'lCHb xopawa.
A, 3,l1;pasCTsyUTe, MeaH WBaHOBWI.
CTy.n.CHTbZ OTJlHlfHO
H3llHcaJlH. -
Pa,o.
:no
cm..maTh. jf BH)I(Y, 'ITO HanIH CTyncHTbI MOJlOJJ.UbI.
-
o
0
IWM 81>1 r08opwre, 0
R CJIb(wan. IfeM'1 -
peTb? -
0
rpaHTe? -
'iTO DB MOJlOnCQ. -
)la. 3H3eTC 0 '!eM
rpy3HHax Ii HX HCTOpHH. -
KOHC'IHO. BOT
era
HCT. 0 K03JJooc. 08 ODJITb OTJlH'IHO HanDcaR.
au HauHcan'l -
BOT K3K! 3TO HHTepecHO.
He-r, He
Mary
3HaJO.
JIM JI nOCMOT-
pa60T3.
-
Jleepb OTXphlTa? - HeT. - A f):le TBOH KJn09? - B nopTe.nb r.a:e? - B y"I-mcpcHTeTc. - Hy xopawa, Tor.na B03bMH MO« KJIIO't. - CnacH6o.
- Y
MClUI 33BTpa 3K3aMCH. r.«e MOil: CJ100apb? -
MO)KCT 6bJTb,
au
H3
noJIXc. -
He
BIDKy.
A,
Ha
CTonc. -
Era
Tor.na,
Tyr ReT. -
BOT OU, H3 CTyne.
LESSON
8
165
LESSON9
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
3a
for me, -in my behalf
MeHli
CfI0Be'lKO
3aMOJlBHTe 38 MeHR CJlOBC..KO!
word
(varof CfI0BO)
3.apUcnl:yiiTe, Hw! C pa60Tw MeTe?
to put in a good word Put in a good word for me! from, olT, since from work Are you coming from work? Hello, Nina! Are you coming from work?
Her, Ii
No, I've been to the gorsovet.
JaMOJ1BKTb CfI0sC'IKO
MeHJi CJlOBC'IKO! c or CO (plus gen) cpa66Th1
3aMOJIBHTe 3a
Db.!
C
pa66Th1 HJl.eTe?
B
ropcoBiTe 6blJ1a.
room
KOMMan
HiT, Ii • ropcoBhe 6b1J1B., HaC*H:IT KOMHaTbi.
No, I've been to the gorsovet about a room.
Ka"oi=i KaKoii KOMHllTbl?
what, which What room? What's the matter?
J
no,uhb (pfv irreg) no,uhb JaJlBneHlfe
Ii
nOJI.ami JaSlBJIeHHe Ha KOMHaT)'.
:lUlATh (ipfv I) HMO
Haa.o d.JC .u.onro
JKJt3Tb.
It OOllLllB. ~e ua II:OMHaTy, Tl..K A6Jrro :ll(I:Uin.. BOT 'ITo!
Ax, I16T 'ITo! ,upyr (nom pi APYJbli) XOp6WHH APYr
ItO H8JJ.O
application application for a room to give, serve, submit to submit an application I submitted an application for. a room. to wait irs necessary, one bas to You have to wait so long. I submitted an application for a room, but you have to wait so long. so that's it! Oh, so that's it! friend good friend
167
TaM pa66Taer Moii XOpOWH" .npYr
My good friend Alexccv works there.
AneKettB. BMb
[yi~1
(unstressed)
lHaeTe. SeAl. TiM paooTIleT
MOM
xop6uuti
.apjr AAei'ceea.
'ITo aN roSOpHTc!
after all, the thing is, as a matter of fact, You know, as a matter of fact, my good friend Alexeev works there. You don't say!
MBaH I1BflHOBH
3a Memi
Ivan Ivanovich, put in a good word for me!
CJlOBe"lKO!
MHnblii MBaH ltBauOBH't, MMJTbIK. 3llMMaHTe 33 MettH: CJlOBe"lKO!
npe.D..1l0)((Kn, (pfv II)
Ba.,
.st XOTen BAM no npe.D..1l0xHTb. KaJC
pb
11 ..~ pA3 XOTen .liM iTO DpeLVIoDn.. 601lbw6e cnacH60
1io.'1bmOe BaM coaClii60!
kind, dear, nice My dear Ivan Ivanovich, put in a good word for me! to suggest, propose to you, for you I wanted to suggest that to you. just, the very thing That's the very thing I wanted to suggest to you. thanks very much, thanks a lot Thank yo'! very much!
Hy "ITO TaM!
what for! Whatever for!
CTapblii CTaPble .npy.n,li Mba BeLlI> cTlipble APY3bli.
old old friends We're old friends after all.
'11'6 TaM!
SUPPLEMENT CJlOBO
(pi
CJloBli)
~TO pyCCKoe cnOBO?
peCTOpaH BbI H.lte-re B peCToptm? TeaTp
1i01lbw6ii l'eliTp BbI u,nere B lioJlbllJoii Te3TP? KBapTltp3 Y BaC ecrb KBapTHp3? .nOM sallJ .n6M?
::no
napK Ky.na 8b1 HlICTe? -
168
LESSON 9
B napK.
word Is that a Russian word? restaurant Are you going to a restaurant? thealer the Bolshoi Theater Are you going to the Bolshoi Theater? apartment Do you have an apartment? house, building Is that your house? or Is tbat the building where you live? park Where are you going? To the park.
33MOJlBHTe la Memi 11.11. H. -
CJIOBe'IKO!
I1Ball I1BaHoBHlf Hil.Ha·
l1. 11. 1 3.a.paBCTByHTC. HHHa t C pa60nl H.a.eTC?
zddlstujti Q-in~ 1 sraboti i\loti !
H.
Qet!
2 HOT, .Ii B ropCOBt':TC 6bIJIa. HaC'feT KOMHaTbJ.
ja vgorsaye\i bil:ll nasMt komn~ti !
11. 11. J KaKoi1: KOMHaTbJ? B 'feM .a.CJIo?
kakoj komn~ti !
H.
ja
4 jf no.a.a.mi 3aSlBJICHHC Ha KOMHaTy, lIO H3.,nO niK .a.OJIro
11. 11. 5
H.
~eI,
!Com
I
p~dala ~jivlcQj~
nakomn~tu
n6
nad~
1
tag
dol~
)t(,!(ciTb !I
,datI
Ax,
aX" vot st6 ! znajiti ! yit tam rab6t~jit moj xarosij dnik alik~jif !
BOT 'ITo! 3HaCTC, BC.a.b TaM pa60TaCT MO" XOPOWHH .a.pYr AnCKCCCB.
6 Y:TO
rOBOpHTc! HBaR I1BaHoBH'I, MUJlbrn, 3aMOJIBHTC 3a MCHH CJIOBC'fKO! Dbl
sto vi ~variti 1 ivan ivanich ! ljIilij I zamOlyi\i z~qliQa slayccb!
11. 11. 7 jf KaK pa3 XOTCJ:J B3M :ho npCLl,JIO:lKHTb.
ja kak ras xa\cl
H.
balsoj~ vam spa~ib~ !
8 60JIbW6c BaM cnacH-Go!
11. 11. 9 Hy 'fTO TaM! M hi SC.a.b cTapblc .a.PY3bH! NOTES
yam
nu.
5to tam! mt yit stariji d ru~ja 1
In order to obtain a room in a government-owned house, it is necessary to apply to the regional soviet or, in this instance, to the city council ropcose-r. Waiting lists are very long since housing is one of the major problems in the large cities of the U.S.S.R. I
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
ceKpeTapb (m) 6H Ham ceKpeTapb. OHa Ham ceKpenipb. y ce6Ji
B ropCOBeTe secretary He's our secretary. She's our secretary. in one's room, in one's office LESSON 9
169
TOOapHll( ToBApuUl AneKcCeB y ce6Ji:? CaeaUTe, TOBliptUlt AJleK'ceeB y ce6ll?
comrade, friend, colleague Is comrade Alexeev in? Tell [me], is comrade Alexeev in?
Mocna Hh, 08 «iNac B Mocm.
Moscow No, be's in Moscow at the moment.
A B6.rn.,"OB 31lecb?
Well, is Volkov bere?
npoXO,QHTb (II)
(prv npoihH) .Qli., Dpoxororre ooiluinyiicra!
to pass, go by Yes, go on in, please!
X,
Hi! I baven't seen you in a long time!
npa&eT! .QaBHO Te6tI lie BH.nen!
K8.K :lKHOeWb [kag zi'{6~] 3lq1UCTByii, dK *oeuu. ?
how are you? how's it going? Hello, how are you?
ero.
H ....
All right.
npOcb6a [pro~oo] ManeHbKlUI Y MeHJi M8JJeHbKU np6a..6a.
request, favor small, little I have a small favor [to ask].
DOJlY'lHTb (pfv II) neBytUKa OnHa neoywKa Ty-r oll,Hi .neoywKa "oMHaTbl nOJl)"lHTb He
to obtain, receive, get young lady, girl (in late teens) a certain young lady There's a certain young lady who can't get a room. in no way, by no means, not in any way Tbere's a certain young lady who simply can't get a room.
M6iKeY.
Hmate Ttr o.roui lleayWKa HHKaK KOMIUITW DOJI)'o«n. He MOa:eT.
.Qi? KyO OHa?
r~
paOOT8eT?
cryneHTKa-Ja6.. HHI.ta ¢3.6pHJ:a OHJi crylleana-:JaO':IIIIIQa, pa60T8eT 4tli6pHKe.
Is that so? Who is she? Where does she work?
Ha
correspondencc:·scbool student factory She's a correspondence-school student and works at a factory.
Ani. Ha 4tli6pHKe. :no XOpoIllO.
Ahhh, at a factory. That's good.
c.nenaTb (prv I) 'l.T6-HII6Yllh Mbi 'n'~IUf6Yllb cJlblBeM.
to do, get done something, anything We'll do something [about it].
BOT cnaaf60!
Well, thanks.
SUPPLEMENT
"'MTb (ipfv I) rne BbI: "'H&eTe? - >1: "'HBy npOT"B napxa. oncYna OnY.na Obi ".neTe? - C pa66Tbl. R3 or 1t30 (plus gen) OTKYlla ObI H.lJ.eTe? - 1-13 r6potta. aT or OTO (plus gen)
170
LESSON 9
to live Where do you live? I live across from the park. from where Where are you coming from? From work. from, out of Where are you coming from? From town. from
R "ony'uUt IUICbMO OT 6paTa. .a.o
I received a letter from my brother. up to, until, before He called (or telephoned) before work. near, by, about I live Dear the park.
(plus gen)
6" 3BOHJln .a.o
pa66Tb1. oKono (plus gen) R :lCHBy 6Kono nlipKa. 6e3 or 6e30 (plus gen) R 6e3 6para He noiUty_ ,lLIlH (plus gen) Bbl :ho cnenaeTe J],JI'H Mellll?
without I won't go without my brother.
for Will you do that for me'?
H.H. -
C. -
11B3H l18AHoBH'I CerpeTApb (HpHHa nerp6BHa)
B. - B6m:OB (TIfTp HHKKT1t'1)
11.H.
C.
3JlpbCTByihe, WpHHa neTpOBHa! CKa)l(HTe, TOBapHm AneKceeB y ce6Ji?l
2 He.., 6H ceH'IaC B Mocue.
zdrastujti I ipn;} gitrovn;}! skafili ! tavitplt alikiejif Uii~ii 1
Vel! on ~i~as vmasky€ !
11.11. 3 A BonKoB 3Jlecb?
a volkov zQ~ 1
c.
dii ! pr;}xa4iti pazal;}Sb!
4 ,llit, npoxoAHTe, nO:llCanYHCTa!
11.11. S
A.
ii!
npHBeT, BOJlKOB! ,lI,asHO Te6Ji He B8;:(en.
pp yet volkof! davno Ii~it viyil!il!
B.
6 3"pitBCTllyH. d.K :lICHBCWb?
zdriisluj! kitg fiyo! !
11.11.
7 HH'Iero.
Qitivo! urpiQit rnitlivkojo pro~bo ! luI adna 4evu!ko I komn;}ti p;}Ju~it qimotit !
Y MeHli ManeHbKaJI npocb6a.
Ty-r o.QHa .o:eByrnKa KOMHaTbi no.ll)"flITb He MO:JKeT.
B.
8 ,llil? KTO OHa? r.o:e pa66TaeT?
dii 1 kt6 ana 1 g4e rabOt;}jit 1 USSON 9
171
11.11.
9 QHa CTYl1eHTKa-3a6'1HHua, pa60raeT Ha ¢a6pmce.
B.
10 A'll, H3 ¢a6pHKe. 3TO
xopowo.
MbI: 'IT6-HH6Yl1b Cl1e.naeM. 2 11.11. II BOT cnacu60.
ana stuQentk., zaocQic~ ! rab6tajit nafiibplP j
ahlij nafiibplP j et., xQrlcl6 ! mi It6~ibu~ zQeJajim j vot sp:qiba j
I Here ToaapHlll means comrade in the political sense, i.e., a party member. It is very common in official situations. however, for Soviet citizens to use tbe word (especially in the plural) without any necessary implication that persons so addressed are party members. A foreigner should never use TOBapHUI in addressing a Soviet citizen. TosapKlU is also used in the nonpolitical sense, meaning comrade or friend, but it implies a more casual relationship than ~PYr friend. One may have many TOsaplO1lH, but few Jqty3b1i. Both IJ.PYr and TOsapHUIl like npo4tkcop and CCKpe"ripb, are grammatically masculine, but may refer to both men and women:
NOTES
.
Oil M6H
XOpOllJUH ~pYr. OHa M6H XOpOllJHM ,D,pyr.
He's my good friend. She's my good friend.
TOB3pHut neTp6B 6bui J,D,ecb. TosapHw neTp6Ba 6blna 3.o;ecb.
Comrade Petrov was here. Comrade Petrov (f) was here.
Students who work at factories and take correspondence courses have a priority in obtaining lodgings. The Soviet cry.a.ewr-13.6'IIUIK or cryAeIlT'K8-u6
Basic sentence patterns I. BbI H,QeTe c paG6Thl? - H6T, c KOHu.epn. - Her, c o6elJ.a. - HeT, c 3lOaMeHa. - H6T, c ypOKa neHH.lI. - Her, c co6paHJUI. - Her, c no'fT1>l. - Her. c neICl(.HH.
Are No. No, No. No, No, No, No,
you coming from work? from a concert. from a dinner. from an exam. from a singing lesson. from a meeting. from the post office. from a lecture.
2. BbI: HJJ,ere
Are No, No, No, No,
you coming from the club? from the restaurant. from the theater. from the park. from the university.
-
172
J(J]yt)a? peCTopAHa.
KJ
Her, HJ Her, H3 reaTpa. H6T. "3 napK:a. HCT, HJ }'HHscpcHTeTa.
USSQN9
-
3.
HeT, IU rYMa. HeT, H3 ropcost:"Ta. Ht:"T, H3 o6IJ.lCJKHTHH. Ht:"T, H3 6lt6nHOTeklt. Her, H3 na6opaTopHIJ.
No, No, No, No, No,
R er6 SH.neJI no yp6u. _ _ _ _ _ _ kOHllepn. _ _ _ _ _ _ 'taR.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3k3bteHa.
_ _ _ _ _ co6paHHJI. _ _ _ _ _ _ neJrllHH.
_ _ _ _ _ pa66"".
_ _ _ _ _ cny,.6",.
a"
After __ __ __ __
4. n6CJ1e ypoKa nowen nOMOH. _ _ KOlillepTa _
_
--'""-----_ _ 3K3
_
_ _ _ _ pa66.,...
_
_____ IIlkom"
~
6. 3TO NUl sac.
the dinner we went home. the meeting _ the lecture _ wo,k _
_ _ _ "'hool
_
_ _ _ us. _ _ _ he<. _ _ _ _ them.
7. Mbl 3TO C.lle.naeM .lV1R Msana. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HHHbl.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ np0
8. OHM 6e3 sac He noiUtYr.
_ _ _ MeaJi _ _ _ Hero
Right after ____ _ _ __
_ _ _ him.
_ _ _ Ree. _ _ _ HUx.
_ _ _ re6>i
the lesson he went home. the concert ~_ the meeting _ the tea _ the exam _
This is for you. _ _ _ you.
_ _ _ re6>i. ____ Rac. _ _ _ Hero.
_ _ _ H'C
GUM. thc gorsovet. the donnitory. the library. the laboratory.
I saw him before the lesson. _______ the concert. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dinner (or noon).1 _ _ _ _ _ _ tea.' _______ the exam. _______ the meeting. _______ the lecture. _ _ _ _ _ _ work. _ _ _ _ _ _ work.
_ _ _ _ _ 06e.o.a.
_ _ co6paHH'
from from from from from
_ _ _ _
9. Mb"I 6eJ Hee He nOH,n,eM. _ _ I1.....a _ _ _ _ l1pmw_~ _ _ K6m< _
We'll do it for ______ ______ _____ ______
Ivan. Nina. Professor Orlov. the teacher. the teacher.
They won't go without you.
_ _ _
us. you. me.
_ _ _ _ _ _ him.
We won't go without ________ _ _______
, 06U is frequently used in tbe sense _ . Thus !W o6lJI,a may mean both o6i.M means both after dinn" aDd ofternoon. as well as in 1M afternoon. I 'fii is orten used to refer 10 breakfast or morning tea.
1Nfor~
her. Ivan. Irina. Kolya.
diNtu and
1Nfor~
noon. Similarly,
IIlX.<1e
LESSON 9
173
10. rJI.e Ubi 6WIH? - Y llpoq,eecopa Opnoua. - Y JI.pyra. - Y I1B3.Ha.
-
Y
n.-.pa.
II. rJI.e sbi ooeJI.aJ1lf? - Y HHkomiJi. - Y 6pflTa.
-
Y CCCTpbl.
-
Y HMHbJ. Y niJIH.
-
Y MapMH l1uaHOIHlbl.
12. OncYJI.a Bbr? - H3 lleHHHrp3.na. - 113 KHT!.JI. - 113 Mocuu.:z. - 113 EspOtlhI. - H3 AMepHltH. -113 CCCP.
13. OTlcY.na Bbi HJI.CTe? -113 rYMa. - 113 r6poJI.a. - ..13 Mar33MHa a3 yrJly. - 113 6H6mto-rekH. - C pa66Th1.
- C nO'lThl. - C l)a6pHK:H. -
C 3aBOlla.
Where To see To see To see To see
have you been? Professor Orlov. a friend. Ivan. Pyotr.
Where did you eat dinner? At Nikolay's. At my brother's. At my sister's. At Nina's. At Galya's. At Maria Ivanovna's. Where are you from? From Leningrad. From China. From Moscow. From Europe. From America. From the U.S.S.R. Where are you coming from? From GUM. From town. From the store on the comer. From the library. From work. From the post office. From the factory. From tbe plant.
14. Orxjlla Ubi :ho nOnY'fHnH? - ..13 XJJY6a. - ..13 6H6JIHO-rekH. - 113 na60paTOpuU. - C cfla6pukH. - C 3an6JI.a.
Where did you get that? From the club. From the library. From the laboratory. From the factory. From the plant.
15. OT Kor6 Sbi :ho nonY'lJinu? - OT npo¢lecropa Opn6sa. - Or aMepHll:3.HIl,3. - Or BnCl,lUiMHpa.
From From From From From From
whom did you get that? Professor Orlov. an American. Vladimir. Pyotr. Evgeny.
From From From From From From
whom did you hear that" the secretary. the teacher. my sister. Irina. Maria Ivanovna.
-OT n.-.pa. - Or EsrCIIUJI. 16. OT Koro 8b!: 3TO CJlbUUa.JIH?
- Or cekpeTapJ:i. - OT Y'uhe.JUI.
•74
-
Or cecrpbL OT I1pMllbl.
-
OT MapliH HBAH08Hbl. LffiSON
9
17. Cue Balli J1,6M? - 6Kono m\pka. - 6Kono yHHaepcHTe-ra. - 6K01l0 Te3.Tpa. - 6K01l0 pecTOpalla. - 6K01l0 06we:«HTHH. - 6IC01l0 no'fTbl. - 6kono
Where's your hOUse? Near the park. Near the university. Near the theater. Near the restaurant. Near the dormitory. Near the post office. Near the factory. Near the school. Near the library.
18. rJ1,e 6ItM,HoTC"a? - npOTHB Te3.Tpa. rJ1,e 06ute:«lfrlle? - npOnfB napn. Cae xH6cx? - npOTHB peCTOp3..Ha.
Where's the library? Across from the theater. Wherc's the dorm? Across from the park. Wherc's the newsstand? Across from the res· taurant. Wbere's the theater? Across from the university. Wherc's the restaurant? Across from GUM. Wherc's the club? Across from the Library. ~ere's your house? Across from the school. Where's the store? Across from the post office. Wherc's the large haU? Across from tbe labor.. .t tory. Where's the school? Across from the factory. Where's the laboratory? Across from the auditorium.
rJ1,e pecTopaH1- npOTHS rYMa. rJ1,e KnY6? - npOTHS 6H611HOTex.H. rJ1,e saw J1,6M? - npOTHB WICOJIhl. rJ1,e Mara;)HH? - np6THB nO
19. Dbl cnpiwKBaJIH HaC'Ie-r ooe.Qa? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6op",.? ________ _________ ________ ________ __________ ________
'13.H? MOJJod? pbl6hl? dum? ce1le)].KH? B6)].KH?
20. A ka.k HaC'leT C06pa.IHUI?
Did you ask about ______ _______ _______ ______ ______ _______ _______
dinner? borsch? tea? milk? fish? kasha? herring? vodka?
_ _ _ _ _ CO'lHlleHml ? _ _ _ _ _ dpThl?
And how about the meeting? _ _ _ _ _ _ the composition? ______ a map?
_____ _____ _____ _____
_ _ _ _ _ _ Iiterature? _ _ _ _ _ _ geography? _ _ _ _ _ _ an atlas? _ _ _ _ _ _ a briefcase?
JJHTepaTyphl? reorpa.q,"H? 3.T1Iaca? nopTq,e.nH?
21. Db! Hac
_ _ _ _ 3X3AMeHa? _ _ _ _ c06pa.uHJI ? _ _ _ _ xoMHaThl ? _ _ _ _ ICBapTltpW?
_ _ _ pa66Th'?
Are you here about ________ _______ ________ ________ _______
the the the the the the
lesson? exam? meeting? room? apanmeDt? work?
LESSON 9
175
Pronunciation practice: hard consonants [k), [g], and [x) and their soft counterparts [~), [g), and ['I]. Hard consonants [k), [g), and before vowels [e] and Ii].
[xl
are regularly replaced by their sort counterparts
and
loll
A.
Hard [k] and sort counterpart ~] Usual Cyrillic spelling K; sometimes r.
£\:l. [gl.
Note the pronunciation of hard [k:] in the following: Moscow
[mash'a) [kuda]
where (to) lesson tell me
[ur6kJ
[skafl]
and compare il with soft [If]: [yll~iJ [fkar6p~i] [ur6~i]
BHnxH
- B Kop66Ke ypOKH
[Ql~I.J
HHxuTa
[can\p~in]
UapfulJOfH
forks in the box
lessons Nikila Tsarapkin
Russian hard [kJ is made in much the same way as English k except that there is nOI the slight h-like puff of breath typical of the English k. Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating hard [k] and soft ~], imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Notice that bard fkl occurs before [0], (aJ, lu], and [~J, whereas soft [k] occurs before [e] and (i). At the end of a word, only hard [k] occurs-never soft [~J.
B.
Hard [g) and soft counterpart [gJ Usual Cyrillic spelling r; sometimes
K.
Note the pronunciation of hard [g] in the following: [~varat]
(vgurpi]
rosopliT s rYMe
they say at GUM and compare it with soft [g]: [jivgeQij] [gil]
EsreHHii
rHJt
Evgeny guide
Russian hard [g) and soft [g] are made with the vocal organs in the same position as for hard [k] and soft [%.], but they are voiced. 176
LESSON 9
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating hard [g] and soft £i], imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Notice that hard [g] occurs before [0], [a], [u], and [~], whereas soft (g] occurs before [e] and [i).
Hard [xl and soft counterpart [~J Usual Cyrillic spelling X; rarely r.
C.
Note the pronunciation of bard [x] in the foUowing: [x:)ra~]
xopowo
[,.",,~jlil
3aJtO)llfTe
good come in
and compare it with soO: ['1): XHTp6. cXCMa
Khitrov scheme
The sound [xl does not occur in English (though it does appear in Gennan ach, Bach, and Such, or in Spanish mujer and hijo). It is formed in the same part of the mouth as [k] and [gl; but, instead of completely closing ofT the air stream, tbe back of the tongue merely approaches the back part of the roof of the mouth SO that the air stream vibrates in the constricted passage thus produced. The soft counterpart [~] is produced slightly further forward in the mouth. Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating bard [x] and soft ['I], imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Notice thai hard [xl occurs before [0], [a], [u], and [~], whereas soft ['I] occurs before [e] and [i]. At the end of a word, only hard [x] occurs-never soft ['I].
Intonation practice: emphatic statements with rising-faUing intonation curve Emphatic statements with rising-falling contours are those in which the major stress is not in the final position, but is shifted forward to a medial position in the sentences. The intonation contour is similar to that of questions without question words which have their major stress in the medial position, except that the entire contour is on a lower level and the drop after tbe major stress is sharper. QUESTION INTONATION
EMPHATIC INTONATION
4 3 2 _-
,,
I
6"
..e 6b1J1
lIa cnYx6e! Oun 6YJlH 113 3asOAe. QHa JlOCTana MaTeplla..n. Y HaC tcT... '1ail.
6"
He 6bl11 113
cny.6e.,
Omt 6buJ.H ua JaBOAe" Qua AOCTa..na MaTepHa..n" Y HaC ten. 'IaN?
LFSSON 9
177
A. Listen to the tape and practice the intonation in the following emphatic statements.
B. Now practice these same sentences as questions. Remember that the rising.falling contour is neutral for questions and does nOl imply any special emphasis.
4
4 3
3 2 I
2
DHa KynHna MaTepuM! omiT.. TjT! H8aH B'iepa 6w.o c06paHlle! e rYMe! MapHJI lie 6LvTli Qner lUlBHO ooneH!
Qua lCynillJa MaTtpHin 1 HBfrn omiTb *1 B'fepa 6btno co6paHHe? B rYMe? MapiUI He 6bU1a Qner ..QUUD 66neu?
I
C. Using tbe same basic sentences, practice them as neutral statements DOW. Note that here the intonation curve has a falling contour and that the primary stress is on the last stressed syllable. 4 3
D. Practice the following set of longer state· ments with neutral intonation. Again the contour is falling and the primary stress is on the last stressed syllable of the utterance. 4
2
3 2
I
I
Qlla KynillJa M8TepHM. OmiTb TjT. H8aH 8'iepa 6bvlo C06paHHe. MapiUI lie 6bU1a B rYMe. Qner .naBu6 66neu.
bOPllC M6:lKeT :ho npHHeCTi'i. HHKOnaH 6WJ B'fCpa B 6H6nlfoTeKc. Qua CM6:lKeT OncPbITb J].II6pH. Qner XOTen npHHCCTH cnOBap... K03J16e 6bvl 8'1epA Ha 3aHJiTH.llX. QHa noii.n.e-r 33BTpa B JCnj6.
E. Practice the same sentences, cbanging them to emphatic statements with a rising-falling contour and with the primary stress shifted to the second element.
4 3 2 I
F. Now practice the same sentences, chang· ing them to questions. Again the contour is rising-falling and the primary stress is on the second clement. Note the sharper peak and drop that is typical of the question, as con· trasted with the emphatic statements. 4
3 2 I
SOpHC HillWJ1lHi QlUl.
Qner K03J16e QHa 178
3TO npHHeCTH! 6L1.11 B'fepa B 6H6nuoTeKe! CMO*eT ~pu! OTkPbrrb xoTin npHHecr:H C1IosaPb! 6W.'1 B"Iepa H8 JaHJiTHJlx! noi,nh 33BTpa B KJIy6 ! MO*eT
LESSON
9
bOP"C M6lKeT 3TO opHHecTIi: 1 HHKOJIlIH 6bill B'lCpa B 6H6n1tOTel(c? QHa cMDlKeT oncpbrrb ,Q.Bepu? Qner xOTen npuHecrH C1IoBapb? K03J16B 6btn 8'iepa Ha 33.HJITHJlX? Qua noii.n.e-r 33.BTpa B UJY6?
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
The preposition y: further uses with the genitive case MODELS
QHa CTolina y.nsePH. _ _~_yoKHa. _ _ _ _ y CTOJla. _ _ _ _ y llU'q,a. _ _ _ _ Y TeJlClj)6Ha.
She was standing ______ ______ ______ ______
.s1
_ _ yOnera.
I was at my brother's place. _ _ at Olcg's place.
_ _ yne-rp'.
_ _ at PyotT'S _ _ .
_ _ y npo¢>eccopa Opnooa. _ _ y JI.pyra. _ _ yflboa.
__ __ __ __ _._ _ __ __ __
6brn y 6paTa.
___ __ ___ __ __
y HHKona.i1. y ceCTpbJ. y MapKIt HB:lHOBHhl. yr!UIH. yKonH.
6u :lTO D.0CT3n YK03JJOB3. _ _ _ _ _ Y )"IHTe.1ul.
al al at at at at at at
at at at at at
(or (or (or (or (or
_ _ _ _ _ yHp...... _ _ _ _ _ Y MapK".
_ _ _ from Maria.
_____ yranK.
_ _ _ from Galya. _ _ _ from Kolya.
______ '1
KOJlIl.
Y Koro BbI :ho y3HanH? - Y npo4leccopa Opnooa.
-
Y 6pa:ra.
-
Y Y Y Y Y Y
M0Ka.
neTJ)a. EoreHIDI. ceKpeTapsi. TOBapm..ua AneKceeBa. CCCTpw.
-yO"". -
Y y66pmHllbl. Y :lKeHhi.
Y Kor6 Bbi cnpamHBaIlH? -
-
Y ICHpliJLna. Y B.rrWMHpa. Y UapankHHa. Y B6m:OBa. Y CeMeHa
the door. the window. the table. the cupboard. the phone.
Professor Orlav's _ _. a friend's _ _. Le... ·s _ _. Nikolay's _ _. my sister's _ _. Maria Ivanovna's _ _ Galya's _ _. Kolya's _ _
He got it ____ ___ ___
_ _ _ _ _ Y cel:peTIlpA.
by) by) by) by) by)
from Kollay. from the teacher. from tbe secretary. from Irina.
From whom did you find that out? From Professor Orlov. From my brother. From my husband. From Pyotr. From Evgeny. From the secretary. From comrade Alexeev. From my sister. From Olya. From the cleaning woman. From my wife. Whom did you ask? Or Of whom did you inquire? Kirill. Vladimir. Tsarapkin. Volkov. Semyon Filippovich. LESSON 9
J79
-
Y Y Y Y Y Y
KaK _
The teacher. Nikolay.
y'UfTeJHI.
HmWnaSl. MWbl. Mfrnm. MapHH neTpOBHhI. npo,ltaBlUm{hI.
Mila. Masha.
Mana Pelrovna. The saleslady. How did ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___
y !lAc npornen 3K3aMeH? y Onera 1
__ Y Hero __ yHHuhl __ yaee __ YHlh __ y HHKOJ1fu1
? ., ? ? ?
your exam go? Oleg's ., his ., Nina's ., her ? their ? Nikolay's _1
• REPETITiON-DRILL
Repeat the above models after your instructor or the tape until you are familiar with the various y constructions illustrated. • CUED SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
1.
(window) There was a girl standing at the window. T: (OKHO) Y OKHa CTOlfna .nCBYWxa.
2.
s: B"lepa on 6LIJI y 6p8Ta. " (=Tpa) (B"pa) _ s: B"lepa on 6wJI y CecTphi. (Apyr, HHl
Y OKHa CToll./Ja ,lleBylllKa.
s:
T: (Asepb) (Y) _ s: Y ~PH CTOtiJla ,lleBytUKa. (nOJIKa, CTon, IUKa4!, KapTa, TCJTeQJOH, OKHO, JtBepb)
3. T: s: T:
s:
(Pyotr) Have you already asked (or inquired of) Pyotr? (fleTp) 8bi)'}ICe cnpaWHBaJIH y neTpa" BN y~ cnpaulilBarlH y Derpa? (6nhra) (Bw) ? BN y~ CnpimHB8JlH YDJlbOl? (aHa, BJ1a,ltHMHP, OHH, HUHa, KOJUI, OH, KYPO'UCHH, l·laaH HaaHoaH'I)
(brother) Yesterday he visited his brother. T: (6paT) Bqepa OH 6bm y 6pha.
BOJlKoa)
4.
(you) He left the briefcase at your place. T: (obi) 6R 3a6bUl Y sac nopT
Do 3s6WJI y sac IIOpT~.
s:
T: (mill) (68)
s:
_
Do 3s6WJI y nax nopT4lCJlL. (oHa,
II, ThI,
HsaH, HHHa,
ee M)'JK,
DOpHC, I1pHHa)
• SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILLS
1. They're at Professor Orlov's. Professor Orlov is at their place. T: Omi y npexpeecopa Opnoaa. s: npo4l«cop OpJloa y mix. T: .sf y 6pfrra. s: IipST y Memi. Mbl Y JIhRa HHKWrH'I8. 6H y rciJUI.
OIlH Y cecTpbi. ORa Y )"IHTe.mr.
..st y ceCTpbi. 180
LESSON
9
2. Kozlov was visiting Pyotr. Pyotr was visiting Kozlov. T: K03J16a 6bm Y neTpa. s: niITp 6WJI y K03Jlosa. T: K03JI6a 6bm y JIbBa HHKHTH'Ia. s: J[eB HHK1hH'I 6w y K03JlOBa. K6J1l1 6bm yranH. DpAT 6bm Y cecTpbl. Y':IlfTeJlb 6w Y)"IHTenhHHlI,bI. MapHll 6bU1a Y npoq,eccopa .
• QUESTiON~ANSWE!R DRILLS
I. Did Irina get that?
Yes, and I [got itlfrom Irina. T: 3TO HpliHa .aOCTa.na? S: lit. a j y HpHuw. T: 3TO rWTeJJL nOCTa.n? s: At. a j y }'"IIiTe.u. (6paT, KronOB, Y'!HTeJlLUKQ.a, peKTOp, J1BaH, ee M)'I, nponasl1.lHUa. cel[peTapt>, JICB HmorrH'f)
• CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
(teacher) T: s: T: s:
Whom did you ask? The teacher. (Y'fHTem.) Y Kor6 ObI CnpaWltBaJlH? Y y'tHTeJul. (Y'!HTeJILUHUa) Y lCor6 BM CnpaWHBa.IIJI? Y ruITeJlLIUUtLI. (aMepll..Il:aueu., ee M)'?K, y6oPlliHua. KoJUl, nJ>OlPeccop neTpOB, J1pHHa, r3JUl, JIeB HHIIfTH'I)
2. Did Pyotr find that out ? Yes, and I [found DUll from Pyotr. T: ~TO ncTp y:Juan?
s: lU. a T: s:
j y napa. 3TO HHKonAH )'3Han? Ai, a Ii y HIlxonu.
(MapKJI, B.n3,ltHMBp, ee 0CCTpa, CeMCHOB, era ",eHa, KoJUl, npo
• RESPONSE DRILL
Kolya's coming. Wonder how his exam went. T: K6n.ll HJl,eT. s: I1HTepCcllo, d.te: y nero DpornCn 3KJ1Well?
T: MapH$! "neT. s: HtrrepC<:llo. K8K y aee npornen 3K:s.8MetI? (HHKonaH, Hpmla II OJUl, r3JUl, MBaH "BanoBlI':!, Mama)
• CUED QUESTION~ANSWER DRILLS
1. T: s: T: s:
(Kolya) Where's the briefcase? On Kolya's desk. (K6JU1) rne nopnp6nL? Y KOnH ua CTOJIe. (omi) rne nOpT
(window)
2.
T: (OIm6)
Where was Nina standing? Al Ihe window. rne CToin:a HHHa?
s:
Y OKH8.
T: (re.n.eqKm)
rne CTolina HliRa?
s:
Y TeJle4t6na. (,a.Bepb, wlCa¢l, lCapTa, nonka, CYan, OKHO)
}"iHTeJlLHnua, }"iHTeJJb)
DISCUSSION
The preposition y is always followed by the genitive case. Besides its use in to have constructions (e.g., y MetUI ecTL), it has several other functions. I. In a purely spatial sense with inanimate nouns, it indicates close proximity.
6" CTOin: Y01018. nOAo*lUi y llBkpM.
He was standing at (or by) the window. Wait at (or by) the door.
2. With nouns and pronouns referring to people, it designates a place in tenns of the person located there. Thus it functions like the French chez and may be translated 01 Ihe house (or office or place) of. Forms of the verb 6Wn. plus y often correspond to tbe English concept to visit.
.st OCT3.BHJJ Y de nopT
I left the briefcase at your place. She was at her brother's or She was visiting her brother. LESSON
9
181
3. Used with nouns and pronouns referring to people, and in conjunction with such verbs as ylHin, cnpawH8an., and 1l0C'J'lin., y indicates the source of a thing. Y Kor6 8b1 3TO 1l0CT3nH? - Y Hpli:tt:.IoI. Y KOrO Tbi 3TO y:JHan?
From whom did you get that? From Irina. From whom did you find that out? From Ko/ya. Whom did you ask? or 0/ whom did you inquire? The secretary.
- Y KO))H. Y Koro Bbl cnpawHBMI1? -
Y
CeKpeTBpsi:.
4. The use of y plus the genitive form of a noun or pronoun sometimes substitutes for a possessive modifier, especially if there is no real possession involved.
Kax npowen y Te6ti ypOlI:? KTO y sac j"IKrenb?
Prepositions meaning/rom:
How did your lesson go? Wbo's your teacher?
83,
c, and OT
MODELS 60 H,/lCT H3
napKa.
_ _ _ JotJ TeaTpa.
_ _ _ HJ peCTOpaHa. _ _ _ _ H3
yliHeepcm-en.
_ _ _ H3 06WC}lCHTHjl.
_ _ _ H3 6H6nHOTekH. _ _ _ H3
na60paTopKM.
_ _ _ H3 WII:OJlbl.
OHa H,/leT c kOH1{epTa. _ _ _ cyp6Ka. _ _ _ _ c 3aB6.na.
____ c o6ella. ____ c C06p3.HHJI. _ _ _ C A6pHll:H. _ _ _ Cpa66Th1.
_ _ _ co cnYx6bt. _ _ _ _ c JlelCl..lHH.
____ c n6'1Th1. 6H nOJlj"lHn nHCbMO
________ ________ _______ ________ _______ ________
182
LESSON
9
OT 6p3.Ta. aT llPyra. aT HHkoJI3.JI. aT cecTpbi. aT :lKeHbl. OT 6Jm. aT MapHu.
He's coming _____ _____ _____ _____ ____ ____ ____
from from from from from from from from
She's coming from _ _ _ _ _ from _ _ _ _ _ from _ _ _ _ _ from _ _ _ _ _ from _ _ _ _ _ from _ _ _ _ _ from _ _ _ _ _ from _ _ _ _ _ from _ _ _ _ _ from
the the the the the the the the
park. tbeater. restaurant. university. dormitory. library. laboratory. school.
the concert. a lesson. the plant. dinner. the meeting. the factory. work.. work. the -lecture. the post office.
He received a letter from his brother. ________ from a friend. from Nikotay. ________ from his sister. ________ from his wife. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from Olya. ________ from Maria.
Ou
He got a letter _____ _ _ _ _ _
llOJlY'i11JI 0'1' HCe llllCbM6 In MOCKBbl. _ _ _ _ _ 0'1' uer6 _
_ _ _ _ _ 0'1' UHX
_
_ _ _ _ _ 0'1' Mellli _ _ _ _ 0'1' lIac
_ _
_ _ _ _ OT
.ac
_
_ _ _ _ 0'1' Te611
_
from from from from from from from
her from Moscow. him _ _ them me _
us
_
you you
_ _
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models, noting that the preposition tl3 from is the directional opposite of the preposition 8 to, and that the preposition c.from is the directional opposite of the preposition H8 to. • STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. He's going to the park.
He's coming from the park.
Ou
S:
Ott
MAe... 8 napK. tlAe-.. tl3 u8pKa.
'1':
Ou
MeT 8 pecTOpAlI.
'1':
S: OK ~ H3 peCTOpiHa.
(8 6H6J1HOTel:y, 8 06wOCHTHe, 8 TeaTP, 8 ropcoBeT, 8 uy6, 8 OIXony. 8 YJlHBepcHTeT. 8 ay.nIfTOplOO, 8 MannHH)
2. They're going to the concert. They're coming from the concert. '1': OHM H).{jT ua KOuuepT. s: OtUi Ill\Yr c "OHlIipn. OiiH H.AjT ua cnj:a:6y. s: Otui ttJJtr co enj:IC6Y. (aa ypoK, 113 no'fTy, ua co6paHHe, Ha 06e.n, ua ¢la6pHXy, Ha 3JOaMeH, lIa pa60ry, lIa nenvuo)
'1':
• RESPONSE DRILL
Vladimir was in Moscow recently. Did you get a letter from Vladimir? '1': BJla.rtHMHP ne.nasuo 6w B MOCKU. s: By uoJl')"Ui.n.. OT Bna..o.iMHpa DHCbMO? '1': HpliHa ue,ll,3Buo 6blJ1a 8 MOCKBe. S: Bw UOJl)"OinH OT HPHIIW DHCbMO? (KUPIUUl, au, oua, OHM, 51, MbI, Carna, HHua, ana) .STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
l. She setll a letter to Moscow.
She received a letter from Moscow. T: Olla nacmlila nHCbM6 8 MOCKBy. s: Oua UOJIrufn8 UHCbMO H3 MOCKBY. T: Omi nOCJlana nUCbM6 8 JIeHHHrpAn. s: OHa DOJI}"U4.sIa UHCbMO H3 JIetllllD"pW. OHa nocm'l.JIa llHCbM6 B AMepuKy. O"a nOCJlana mlCbMO B KHTait. Olla nQCJlan3 nHCbM6 B EBpOny. OHa llQCJlana nHCbMO B CCCP.
2. They were at the concert. They're coming from the concert. T: Oil" 6WJlH lIa KOlIuCpTe. S: OHa HJIYr C KOImcpn. '1': OHH 6butH 0 napKe. s: OuJi H.LIYr tl3 naPKa: (0 6H6J1H
LESSON 9
183
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. I was at my brother's place. I heard it from my brother. T:
J1
a
6brn Y 6paTa.
s: :iTo em.imaJI OT 6pa:n.. T: J1 6w.: Y cecTpbi. S:
R no e.m:nuan OT cecTpbI. (y,a,pyra, y HHHbI, Y npotJx:ccopa Qpnoaa, y Cawu, y pcKTOpa, Y Hero, y uee. y uux)
2. The spoons are in the drawer. Take the spoons from tht: drawer. T: l10IDt B Jiw;uJ:e. s: Bo3bMli Jl6».-KH IIJ littuu..-a. T: JlOJKKH Ha CTOne. s: Bo3bMH JlO*KH co crom). (B wKa$y, Ha wKa$y, a Kopo6Ke, Ha c:ryne, Ifa nOJlKe, B nop'npene, B SllllllKe)
• CUED QUESTION·ANSWER DRILL
(Moscow)
Whert: did ht: phone/rom? From Moscow. T: (Mocua) OncY.l.ta OH 3BOHKn? S: "3 MOCKabI. T: (JleuUHrp3.J:O QTXYJJ.a OU 3aOltHn?
S:
I·b JIetUIIII"p8.ll8. yrny, ryM, ropcoBeT, }'HJfBepcHTeT, 06meJlQITMe, ropoA, UlKQna, 6H6nHOTeka) (Mara3HH
Ita
• STRUCTURe REPLACEMENT DRILL
• RESPONSE DRILL
He WlIS at the plant. He phoned/rom the plant, T: 0" 6w.: Ha JaaoAe.
My friend is in Moscow. I received a leiter from Moscow, T: M6H JJ.pyr B MocKBe. s: H 1l0JlY'llf:JI IlHCJ:.MO H3 MocKBbI. T: Moil: .l.tpyr B JleHHHrpa,ne. s: H noJl)"lliJI mtC1>MO 113 JI~. (a KHTae, B MocKBe, B EBpOne, B AMepHKe, B CCCP)
s:
Oil
3BOIlitn C JaBO.ll8.
On
6bin Ha CJIjx6e. s: Oil 380HIirI 00 CJtY»c6w.. (Ra nolfTC, Ha pa60re, aa $a6pHke, Ha c.nyz6e)
T:
DISCUSSION
All three prepositions, H3, C, and OT, mean from, but each is limited in its sphere of usage: nOUDS or pronouns referring to people require OT, but for places and things "3 and C are generally is used with inanimate nouns which take the preposition B, whereas C is used with DOunS used. which take H:l.
"3
QHa HlIe-r • ropoJt, QHa u,ae-r "3 rOpon.
She's going to town. She's coming from town.
QHa u,acr 118 JleKUHIO. QHa HlIeT C nCKUHH.
She's going to the lecture. She's coming from the lecture.
Notes I. The preposition c bas a variant fonn co, used before certain consonant clusters: QHa HlIcr 00 CJt)0K6w. Bo3bMH KapaHJ1am 00
184
U'SSON9
CTOna!
She's coming from work. Take the pencil from the table!
2. The prepositions "3 and for example:
01'
also have variants "30 and
OTO,
but these occur far lesS' frcquenlly,
day in, day out from day to day
"30 ,D.llli s .nellb ,nellb 01'0 ,D.mi
3. All prepositions are pronounced as a unit with the word that follows. Prepositions OT and "3, like most short prepositions, are normally pronounced withoul a stress: OT Hero [a~ivoJ. H:J ropo,tta [izg6r.x1.~J. When preposition c precedes a word beginning with another C, it is pronounced without a break as a long [s): c co6paHHII [ssabcl.Q.j~].
Other prepositions requiring the genitive case MODELS
A er6 BH.aeJI n6cne yp6Ka. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ KOHIICpTa.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3n3Mel:la. _ _ _ _ _ _ ooe.aa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C06p3.HIDI. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ JleI:I:lHH.
_ _ _ _ _ _ paOOThL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ WX01lbl.
A XO'iY jTO C.lle.naTb .ao yp6Ka. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .no KOUlIepTa.
________ .ao ::no3.Mena.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ no c06pcimul. ________ no JleKU,lill. )l,ml Koro no? - )l,ml MeHli. - )]..nH ,'e6li. - )l,ml Hcr6. - )l,nH lice. - )l,nJl H"X. - )l,nJl sac. - )l,nJ:l HaC. -)l.Jul npoQ>Cccopa.
-
Jl,nJl
Y'llfTeJlbHIHl,hI.
)K"Bh np6THB
napiSa.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ TeATpa.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ pecTOpaua. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o6me:lInfTHJI. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nO'iThl. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ WKOJlhl.
----
_ _ _ _ _ the exam. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
dinner. the meeting. the lecture. work. school.
I wanl to get il done ________ ________ ________ ________
before before before before before
the the the the the
lesson. concert. exam. meeting. lecture.
Who is this for? For mc. For you. For him. For her. For them. For you. For us. For the professor. For the teacher.
rne Oil )KHBCT? - 6H
I saw him after the lesson. _ _ _ _ _ the concert.
36p",,".
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6H6JlHoreKH.
Where does he live? He lives opposite the _ _ _ _ _ _ the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the _ _ _ _ _ _ the _ _ _ _ _ _ the _ _ _ _ _ _ the _ _ _ _ _ _ the _ _ _ _ _ _ the
park. theater. restaurant. dormitory. post office. school. factory. library. LESSON
9
185
rJlC OH" :ltCHBy,.? - 0H" :lIO-lBYT 6K0110 napKa. _ _ _ _ _ _ whpa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pccrop"
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4la6pH.lCl1. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61i611lioreICIi.
Where do they Jive? They live near the park. _ _ _ _ _ the theater. _ _ _ _ _ the restaurant. _ _ _ _ _ the plant. _ _ _ _ _ the dormitory. _ _ _ _ _ the post office. _ _ _ _ _ the school. _ _ _ _ _ the factory. _ _ _ _ _ the library.
KiK HaC'IeT XJ100a? _ _ _ _ 60pma ? _____ '1.i:ll:? _ _ _ _ _ MOJIOxa ? _ _ _ _ pw6b1? _____ K3.lUli? _____ ceneIlIC" ?
How about ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ _____
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 06Ul"""""". _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 06'111>1. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lllK6mL
bread? borsch? tea? milk? fish? kasha? herring?
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that aU six preposillons (n6cJJe, Jl,O, Mil, DpOTIIB, 010:000, and HaC'lfi) require the genitive form of the noun or pronoun following.
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. When did you see her, after the concert? No, before the concert. T: Kor,lU\ Bb! ee BMenH, o6cJIe ICoHuepTa? s: HiT,,lJ.o ICOlmepn. T: Kor.na BN ee BH,aeJtH, n6c.n:e neKUIiH? s: HiT, Jl,O Jle.a.u.. (nacne pa60Thl, nacne co6paHJUI, DOCIle lllJ:OJlhl, nacne ypon, nacne 06e,a,a, nOCJle CJlj':*:6b1)
2. Where did she wait for him, at the club? No, opposite the club. T: rIle OHa er6 :lK,UaJla, B iClIy6e? s: HiT, DpOTIIB KJlj6a. T: rIle OHa er6 :lKAana, B 6H6nHo-rel:e? s: HiT, npOTHB 6M6.rulonOOl. (Ha ¢.a6pHKe, B 06ute:lDfTHH, Ha 3aBOAe, Ha nO
3. Where did you wait, in the restaurant? No, on the corner near the restaurant. T: rAe BM:lK.ltA.mt, B peCTOp3.ne? s: HiT, ua ymy OKMO pecropaua. T: rJl,e Bbl~, B 6u6.nHonl:e? s: Hth, ua yrJrj 61.."000 6H6Ju1oTetcM. (na DO
4. Do you Jive near the park? Just opposite the park. T: BbI :lk"&eTe 6ICono napKa? s: Kale pal opOnm "apKa. T: BhI:lkH.BeTe 6Kono 1ll1:6Jlb1? s: Ku pal np6nm UlKMw. (OI:ono JaBo.na, oll:ono' Uly6a, 01:0.110 ropcoBeTa, Ol[ono 6H6JIHOTeDl, oKono pecTopaHa, oKono 06uteJlOITHJl, OKono WiTpa)
5. When did he Ctl/l, before the meeting? No, after the meeting. T: Kor.aa 6H 3BOHKn,.nO co6p3HJUI? s: HiT, OOcne co6paHIUI.
T: Kor.nA 6H 3BoIilln,,uo o6e.na? s: HiT, n6cIIe ooeJ],8. (Ao neKlUUf, .no pa6011>l, AO ICoHuepTa, AO ypDl:a, .no l(JIy6a, .ao CJlY:lK6b1, .ao lIII:OJlbl)
186
LESSON 9
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Where is he? We won't go without him. T: fae JlCe ou? s: Mw 6eJ Hero He uoii./leM. T: fae *e MpH-ita? s: Mw 6eJ I1pMHw He uoii~M. (OHH, KHpHJlJ1, OHa, Cawa, Oner)
2. He isn't here yet. I won't go withoul him.
3. Where is he? We bought this for him.
4. You can buy FISh here.
T:
rae OH?
s: MY no
Ero ewe Ul:T. s: st fieJ Hero He ootmY. T: fanK eute Her. s: st 6eJ rinK He ooiiAj. (SOpHca, HHllbI, ee, HX, ceKper3p", ero) T:
How about fish? T: 3ACcb MO:iKHO KynHTb pbr6y.
K)'nKnK ll..JJ1I Henl.
fAe HHHa? s: MY no Kymin. ll..JJ1I HJOo.I. (aHa, KHpHJlJ1, ESreHMM, Anex<::ees, OHM, Mapwr I1sauoBua)
T:
s:
pW6w? T: 3ACcb M6»:no XynHTb xneG. s: Kite YacYT xJle6a? (cene.IJ.XY, MOJJOkO, 'laM, cnoBapb, aTnac, xapry, pY'!Xy,CTon) KaK HaC,,"
• SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILLS
I. The theater's over there, opposite the post
office. 71te post office is over there, opposite the theater. T: Tearp BOil raM, npantB nO'IThl. S: no'lT1l ItOH "riM, npOTU Teli:Tpa. T: JIa60paTopHJI BOU TaM, nponfB aYJUITOpHH. S: AY.lUlTOpMlI BON TiM. UpOTHB na60paTopHH. SH6nHoTeka BOlt raM, OpoTHB pecropilHa. 06ute*HTHe BOH TaM, npoTHB llIKOJlhl. lllKona BOH nlM, nponm 33.soaa. napK BOH TaM, npoTHB 4Ja6pHKH. Mara3HII Bon raM, npoTHB reaTpa.
3. He won't go without me. I won't go without him. T: OH 6eJ Mell,) He nOu.a.eT. S: st 6eJ lIero He ooii):{y. T: OU" 6eJ Hee lie noliJJ.yr. S: OHa 6eJ mix He uoiiAh.
2. He did it for us.
We did it for him. T: OH S:
no cnenan M" uac.
MY no cMJl8JlH l11IlI Hero.
r: Oua :)rO CJtenana MJI BaC.
s:
Bw iTo C.rtenL'lH lVIlI Hee.
.sf lTO caenan MJI Te6li. OUM :)ro c/J.enanH MJI Hero. MbI 3TO caenanH A/UI Hee. Komi 3TO c.a.enan All" fanK. Cecrpa 3TO cnenana ltJUI 6para. SOpltC 3TO cae.nan MJI. J.1BaUa.
MbI GeJ re6li lie nou.a.cM. OHa 6eJ HHX lie nOi1,neT. Obi 6eJ lIac lie Iloiiucre. .sf 6e3 nero He 1l0H.uY.
DISCUSSION
Unlike most of the shorter prepositions, which are ordinarily pronounced with no stress, the prepositions o.-eno, npOTU, n6cne, and Hac..e-r are pronounced with stress. Although weaker than the stress of the word following, they serve to maintain the [0] vowel quality, which in the unstressed prepositions .10 and OT is reduced to [a] or [~]. Note, however, that if the speaker wishes to point up a contrast, even the shorter prepositions may be pronounced with a stress:
BbI: "riM 6b1nH n6cne kou.Qepra? - Her, ,flO xOHuepra.
Were you there after the concert? No, before the concert. LfS')ON 9
187
Verbs with infinitives ending in --'lb:
MO'lb
and
CMO'lb
MODELS
IMPERFECTIVE PRESENT
R MOry
Tbl MO"'CWh
_
6n
_
MOlKeT
Mhl
I can open the window. You can _ He can _
OTKPbITh OKHO.
MO:lKCM
We can
_
Bbl M6Jkcre
_
Onu M6ryr
_
You can They can
;
_
_
IMPERFECTIVE PAST
6n fie
He couldn't open the door. She couldn't _ They couldn'1 _
Mor OTKpbrrb ,ll,BepH,
OHa HC Moma
_
OHHHcMornu
_
PERFECTI VI! fUTURE
.s'i He eMory nOHTH ua C06paHilC. Tw HC CMO)t(CWb
6"
He CMCI)ICCT
Mbl He
I won't be able to go to the meeting. You }Von't be able _ He won't be able _ We won't be able _ You won't be able _ They won't be able _
_ _
CM6)KCM
_
8bI He CM6"'CTe
_
ORH He cMoryT
_
PERFECTIVE PAST
6" He CMor DOHTlt B IUIj6. Omi He CMorm't
_
Qmt He CMOrn"
__
He was unable to go to the club. She was unable _ They were unable _
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models, observing particularly the replacement of the stem consonant r by l« in the second and third persons singular and in the first and second persons plural. Note also the pattern of stress shift in both past and non-past forms .
• SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
2. 1 won't be able to get into the.building without a key. T: beJ KJIIO<[a R ue CMOry sOHni. B 3.naHHe. s: DeJ KJUO...a Ii He CMOf)' Bonii B J.Il.8JUle.
I. I can't write without a pencil. T:
s:
Ji. 9
He MOrY nHeaTb 6e3
KapallJlawa.
He Mory IIHcaTL fiel KspSII,ttama.
(Olla,
Mbl, Bbl, Tbl, OHH, 011)
(Tbl, MbI, BbI, OH, $I, Olla, OIlU)
3. My husband couldn't get any coffee.
4. She couldn't attend classes.
T: MY)K He cM6r JlOCTarb K6¢e.
S: Myl« lie CMor .Il.OCTan. Ko4»e. (jxeaywKH, 011, Cawa, OHa, )Kella, HDaHOB].f<[, CTy.neHTKH, BbI)
188
LESSON
9
T: OHa He MOrJla 6bITb Ha 3amiTIIHX. s: QHa He MorJl8 6brn. Ha JauilTHQX. neTp
(aBU, Mbl, BbI, Hlllla, HpHlla. KOJJlOB,
Komi, BJIa;J:HMHp. cTYJl.ellThI)
• QUESTiON-ANSWER DRILL
Were you at the concert, Nina? No, I couldn't go. T: H"Ha, Bbi 6WlH Ha KOIlu,epre? s: Her, Ii He CMorJla DOwn•• T: CAwa, ThI 6bvi ua x:ollu,epre? s: Ha, Ii He CMOr 110m.
Oml, Tbi 6blJla Ha KOHuepn:? nerp HaaHORWI 6bvi Ha KOHUepn:? HpKHa neTp6BHa 6blJla Ha ICOHueJYre? OUK 6WlH Ha xmmepre?
• RESPONSE DRILLS
2. I'm busy now. I can't go to the club. T: J1. renepb 3AaRT.
I. rm not busy now.
I'll be able to go to the club. T: J1. n:nepb He JanllT.
9
nom 8 KJly6.
s: A CMOrj nom B IUIY6. T: Tbt -renepb He JaWlT.
T: Tw renepb 3aHllT.
s:
s: Tw
S:
Tbi CMO»:etJJL nom B KJly6. (OIlH, Bbl, 01111, Mbl, Cawa, JJ.eB}'ll1ICH)
He Morj
He MO'lKetJJL Dom B lUIy6. (OHH, Bbl, Om, MhI, Cawa, JJ.eDywKH)
3. I don't have a pencil. I can't write. T: Y MeHJi Her KapaH.Uawa. s: A lie MOrj IIHc8.Tb. T: Y Rac HeT x:apaH.Uawa. s: Rbi lie MO»::eTe 1DIClin.. (y Hee, y HHX, Y Te6S1, Y Hero, y MeIDl, y HHX)
4. My sister was sick. She couldn't work. T: Moli cecTp3. 6bU1a 6onbHa. S: OHa' He Monui pa60T8Tb. T: Moli MYJK 6bvi 66neR. s: OH ue MOr paOOTaTb. (:llCeHa H c:ecTpa, Mali 6paT, MOlt oCcTpbl, sax-rep, y60pLUKLJ.a)
5. She doesn't have a room. She simply can't get a room. T: Y Hee Her XOMHaTbi. s: QHa HIlKaK He MO..eT IlOJIY"IHn. KOMHaT)'. T: Y MeHJi H6 KOMHaTbl. s: 9 HIlKax He MOrj llOJJ}"flfn. KOMHaT)'. (y Hac, y BHX, Y re6S1, y Rac, y Hmw:, Y MeIDl)
DISCUSSION
Only a small nwnher of Russian verbs have infinitives ending in -"110. All belong to the first conjugation, and all have basic stems ending in r or K. SO far we have encountered only MOIfh (imperfective) and CMO"llo (perfective) can, to be able. In the present-future of MQoo,. and CMO"IIo, the basic r of the stem is replaced by .. in the second and third pe~ons singular and in the first and second persons plural. Compare
Ji Mary OHM
with
MOryr
TN MOJKeWI. 00 MO*eT Mba MO:.ll:eM DbI: MOIeTe
Ii CMOrY ORK CMOryT
ThI cMo*ewb cMo»::eT MbI: CM6:.1l:eM DbI: CMO:.ll:ere.
(UI
Note tbat the stress is on the ending only in the first person singular: Morj, CMOfj; otherwise it falls on the 0 of the stem: e.g., MO»::euIb, CMOllCeon., and so forth. LESSON
9
189
In the past tense, the suffix JI does not appear in the masculine form, but does appear elsewhere. Ii li
(Tl:d, 611) (Tbi, OHa) OH6 Mbl: (BbI, oHJi)
M6r MOrna Morn6 MornH
li li
(Tl~,
OH) (Tbi, aHa) OHO Mbi (BbI, OHM)
cM6r CMorna CMorno cMormf
Note that in the past tense the stress is on the ending. where there is an ending vowel.
Further past tense drills MODELS
}'}Ke 311aJUi 06 JTOM? He-r, He 3U31I. He-r, He 3Hana.
Dbi
-
Ow )':ike nOCJJ31IH OHCloMO? - ):{a, y*e oOCJJan.
- Aa, y*e
nocnana.
r.ne BbI pa60Ta..ll.H? pa60TaJI Ha
-
jJ:
-
jJ: pa60TaJla Ha lIla6pHKe.
8b1 y.«e noo6eJ],31IH? - Her, ~ emc lie o6e.uan. - Her, ~ ew.c He o6e.naJla. Dbl y:«e nOCMOTpeJlH ec KOMllaTy? - He-r, ~ cw.e lie CMOTpeJl. - HeT, ~ cwe He CMOTpCJla. DbI CJlyrn31lH nCIUlHH B yaHaepcHTeTe?
-
Aa,
cnyrn31l.
- ,Ua, cnyrnana. Dw )')Ke cnpocunH ero?
-
Her, HeT,
~
JI
ewe He cnpaWHBaJI. eme He cnpaUJHBaJla.
DbI )')ICe lIanllcaJtH nHCbMO?
-
HeT, HeT,
~ ~
elue He HanHcaJI. ewe lie HanHcana.
Did you already know about it? No, I didn't know. No, _ Have you already sent the letter? Yes, I already sent it. yes, _ Where did you work? I worked in a factory.
1 Have you already had dinner? No, I haven't yet. No, _ Have you already looked at her room? No, I haven't yet. No, _ Did you attend lectures at the university? Yes, I did. Yes, __. Have you already asked him? No, I haven't yet. No, _ Have you already written the letter? No, I haven't yet written it. No, _
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models, noting that often (but not always) a past imperfective verb is used in a negative answer to a question using a perfective verb. • SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. Grant studied Russian at the university_ T: rp3.HT ruin PYCCKHH ~3b1K B }'HHoepCHTeTe. s: rpJiHT Y'f1U PYCCKHH RJblK B YJDIBep-
cKTtTe. (Bbl, MM,
Carna, OHa, CTy.nCHTIl:H, cryHHlla)
neHTM, KHplUlJl, .neBywKH,
190
LESSON 9
2. He was asking where this building was. T: 6H cnpArnHBan, me 3TO mauHe. S: OR cnpituHaan, r.ne no 3roimre. (aHa, MY, 8.JJa.nHMHp, OpnoB, Marna, OHII)
3. Orlov left your dictionary at my place. T: Opn60 ocn\alln aaw CJI0aapb Y MeHl1. s: Opnoa OC"riOHJI aam CJJOBliPb y Melui. (01111, Y'I"TeJ]b, .neoyrnKIl, OJUl, Carnal
4. I wrote a letter home yesterday. T: A 8'1epa llanHclJl f11ICbMOllOM6ii. s: A o'lepa IlallHCU IIHCLMO llOMOi. (Mhl, EoreHIlH, Mawa, .n.eaywKH, )leB, SOPHC, 01111)
5. I waitedfor you for a long time. T: A .n6nro BAc s: A ,llOnro sac ")lan. (Mbl, 011, Olla, OUII, Cawa, BJIaJUlMHp, .n.eayrnltll)
6. I already 8ubmitted an application for a room. T:.s1 'fA{e no.n.an 33JlBneUHe lIa K6MHaTy.1 s: R )'*f: rtOJlaJI 3aRBJlem.e tUl KOMHary. o;OPIIC, HuHa, OHII, OH, Bbl, MOM .upyr,
1. She took the atlas from the library. T: alia 83JUla. ATnac H3 6H6JlHoreKII. s: OKli a3w llTJlac "3 6M6JlHOrit..,.. (MbI, Oil, HHHa, KllpHJIJ1, 01111)
8. I wanted to suggest t/wt to you.
*.na.n.
M",)
A' xoro 113M 3TO npeAl1oll:Hrt.. s: A XOTen aa.\f :iTo npe,l1JlODn..
T:
(OpnoB, Y'lHTeJlbHlfua, npo¢)eccopa, MhI, HBaH HBaHOBlf'l, MOM llpyr, MOil .n.PPbJl)
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
1.- She wanted to write a composition.
She wrote a composition. T: Olla xoroa lIanHcaTh co'UUlel:lHe. S: ONa NaDHcana CO"OlHeuHe. T: Oua xorena Kynrn nnaThe. S: OHli Kymlna ollline. (pllaTb pe3ynbTaThI, on:pbJn. OIrno. .nOCTaTb MaTepllaJI, nocMoTpeTh em pa60Ty, nllTh '1au)
2. He forgot to open the window. He opened the window. T: OH 336w on:PbtTb 0~1I0. S: OK OTKpWn ~H6. T: On 336bui HanHcaTb CO'lMHeHlle. S: OH HaJDIcan CO~HHe. (cnpocHTb y Onera, OCTaBHTb y He(: no.uapoK, nOCJlaTb IlHCLMO, B3J1Tb CJlQBapL, ~ynHTb xnOO, .uOCTaTb Marepll3J1)
3. They can buy the present. They bought the present. T: Oil" M6ryr KynHTb nO)lapOl's: OHR Kymtmf no,napoK.
T: OIUJ: M6ryr cnpocHTb y BJI3.D.HMltpa. s: Ollii cnpocHJIH y BJla,QHMHpa. (3aMonaHTb CJI00e'lKO, nony'l"Tb KHJ.lTIl 1t3 MOCKllbl, 3TO c,nenaTl" nQCJl3Th mlcbMo) • QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. DOII't you want to see the room, Nina?
I already did. T: HUHa, ru He X6'1eWb nOCMOTpCn. te6MHaTY? s:
A y*e IJOCMOTpina.
T: K6JU1, ru He X6'1eWb nocMoT¢Tb K6MHary?
S: R y»:e DOCM
cawa, n:1 lie XO"lCWb noo6e.uaTh B CTonoBoH? OnLra, He XO'lemb noo6C.naTb B CTonoaOH? CeMeH, Tht lie XO'lCWb KynHTb ICApTy KHTb? OJUl, ru He XO'leWb KynHn. dpry K>mI>o?
rn
I The masculine and plural romu have two possibk st.resses: 116.:uu (or JIO~) and suess on the last syllable only: 8OJlIJIi.
116~ (or
_.ld.u). "The feminine has
LESSON 9
191
2. Nina, have you already had dinner? No, I haven't yet had dinner. T: HltHa, ,,;, YJKe noo6e.o.aIla? s: HiT, eme He o6eAaJla. T: Komi, ThI: yx.:c noo6tnan? s: HeT, ewe He 06eaa1l.
"pUHa, ThJ }')ICC CnpOCltlla 06 :hOM? CeMeR, Tbt }')ICe cnpocl-in 06 3TOM? 6ml, ThI: }')ICe nOCMorpe.na en) paoory? 60pHC, Tbi }')ICt nOCMOrptn ern paoory? MKJ1a, n.i }')Kt nOJtYMana 06 :hOM? Blla.ztHMHP, n.i yx.:e nOJtYMaIl 06 iTOM?
4TEHl1E 11 nl1ChM6
~~~od~.~~17
c c C:r.
~
ta,
~,~, ~.J&
~ ~ ~,
40WuY
~~." ()::d
~.«- ~ ~," - ~ ~w;ur- ~ ~~. /f} ~
~
1«'-
~ ~ ~.1k= ~ ~.:f{q .e--wu" ~ C C C!P 1UV
M
1N~.;/Uv-nqMU ~ ~;;;~ ~.~
~,
-
uU:
ott-
f«.
~ (}f/-
i' -
+fA-
"" fU-
~ ~ ~? -
LESSON 9
~
4W
~
~ ~.m.cr~. .'!iiM- ~ ~,
- 81~, ~ 192
~, '1W"
31'h
Y fU'I.(r
fUiit-
~.
~. -~ ~ ~.
-.r~,~/+~r~~?-.$ ~ 1UV r--'1' -~ -...:. ,IJl JV ~ ~~-« 1
«>liU..
-~ MHe Jt)'JICH3 "HCTOPIDI
eccp."
HeT, O)KHJt3eM H3 c!]e.ll,ytOmcH uencne. - A KaK H3C'iCT "J.1CTOpKH KwraSl"? "J..fCTOPWI KHTa.JI" Y Hac ecTb. BoT OH3. - A CKaJlCHTe. Kapra Espollbl y sac TOJKC eCTh? - )la, ceHlf3C npHHecy. -
nell'
rAe
AOMOH. -
-
-
Bae CCTb'" -
MsanOSH.. ? Tbi HC 3HaClllb? -
PaJBe
OH
Mawa, oOOn
Hac
Ja6b1n, 'fTO y
rOTOS? -
Kama eute
MKHYTJCY.
Y
Eme
ceH'I3C 3K3aMcn? -
HCT. -
A
He rOTOS3. -
Ka;KeTC5I. cpaJY DOCile 06e.n;3 ou
'ITO
A
.sI
eme
)'Xc f13
HaBcpHO
rOJlo.o.CH. -
o6c.ll? -
nowen
336b1J].
nO.ll,O)l(AH, nO:lK3JlyHcra,
Bopm
It pbl6a.
rYMe? ~ Aa, Tom.KO 'ITO 6b1J13. - Tbl He 3a6blJ13 KymiTh BOT, .o.0C3,a3! 3a6w1I3. ~ A 'ITO :no B Kopo6KC? - nO.o.apoK WISt Tc6S1. BHAHWb,
OnSl, Sf BH)KY, TbI 6bJn3 B
py'lKy? -
06 3TOM 11 HC 3a6bJJ13.
-
BOT ceneAKa. Itt Xllc6 eeTb,
B SlLUHKe. BOT OHH.
J.1
B lHlJ,HKC
nCT.
It
orypUbl. -
B IllKaepy
Ho r.ue y reG$! 110)1(11
TO)l(C He BH)Ky. -
Tor.ua
It BHJIKH? -
Ka)KCTCJl,
nOCMOTp" Ha nOJIKe. -
J1a,
xJle6 TO)Ke 3.a.eCb.
~N9
193
LESSON
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
cy666Ta [sub6t~] B cy600ry [fsub6tu] 6yAYT (fut of 6wTb) niHllbI (sg nHeu) 8 cy666ry 6yAYT niHUbi. .nOMa cu,nen. (II) li CH:«y, ouH Cil.wrr BpeMJI (n) Becb (m), Bcli (I), B<::e (0) Tw Bee ep(:MJI Cu,n"Wh .nOMa. 31itta, Bee BpeMII CKJUtwb AOMa.
n:.
10
B Cy666Ty 6j JlYT T8HI{bI Saturday on Saturday will be dance, dancing, dances There'll be a dance on Saturday. at home to be sitting, to sit I sit, they sit time all You sit at home all the time. Zina, you sit at home aU the time.
noii;J,eM B Cy660Ty B KJJj6!
let's go! Let's go to the club! Let's go to the club on Saturday!
TaM BcerA3. TaK CK)I'IIIO! Hh, cnacH60. TaM BCer.lla TaK CKj"llIO!
It's always so boring there! No, thanks. It's always so boring there!
no!tneM (imperative) noi'tn.eM B KJIy6!
ph
Ha :lTOT p:b
.a.a, HO Ha nOT pb 6yAYT TiHuw, TanUbl? 3To .Ilpyr6e .neno! Ta~eBaTb (I) Ii TalluYlO. all" TaH~lOT m06rn (II)
Ji JIlO6mo, OHiI mo6n
.sf m06mo
TaHlleBaTh.
Tuuw?:)ro.lQlyrOe Aeoo! TaHQeB8.Th Ii m06mO.
occasion, time this time, on this occasion Yes, but this time there'll be dancing. Dancing? That's a different story! to dance I dance, they dance to love, like 1 love, I like; they love, they like I love to dance. Dancing? That's different! I love to dance.
195
BMecre Bct BMecre noii.D,eM oce BMecre! noii.AeM" Bee 8M"ene:
a. TW, BJlII,/lHMKp K
Oller.
together all together Let's all go together! Let's all go together: you and I, Vladimir and Oleg!
Tw OMra 3Haeun.?
Do you know Oleg1
HeMH6ro,
Slightly (/it. a little).
>1 ero
HeMHoro 3HIDo. KyPc Ha OJJ,HOM KYpc:e Mbi: Ha O,ll,HOM KyPce. 3HaKoM Miulo Mbi: Mana 3HaKOMhl. Mw Ha 0J:ul0M" Kypce, HO M8JJO 3HaKOMbI.
J know him slightly.
napeHb (m) (pI napH") 8oJ10,!l,lll roBOpH'r, 'fT0 OH XOpOUlHH mipetlL,
lad, boy, fellow Volodya says he's a nice boy.
TOBapHlU no KOMHaTe Omi TOBaplllUH no Ko."IHaTe,
roommate They're roommates.
class (year), course in the same class We're in the same class. acquainted, familiar little, too little, very little, few We're barely acquainted. We're in the same class, but we're barely acquainted.
TalC 3Ha'UlT TalC 311a'lIIT, B Cy666TY? YBIi..aMM, TaK 3Ha'lM'T, B cy666-ry?
to see. catch sight of I'll see, they'll see We'll see. it means; so, then so then, well then So, on Saturday, then 1 We'll see. So, on Saturday, then 1
(plus gen) CKOJ1bKO So CKOllbKO?
how much, how many at what time At what time?
yeMen. (pfv II) Ji yBIDIey, OH" YBWT YBK.nHM. 3H3.'IHT
CKOJ1LKO
DO
At nine.
'-ITo
BC'tep (pi Be'{epa) Bc'{epoM cerOJJ.Hj/ BC'IepoM TbI llllnaeUib cerolUtll Be..epoM?
!PHnhM
film, picture, mQvie
BO"Ha
w"'
M"P A H.!ti" Ha
c1tMJlbM" «8oiH' H MHP»).
rOBOpfl, xopOlUHii.
196
evening(s) in the evening this evening What are you doing this evening?
LESSON 10
peace; world I'm going to the movie War and Peace. They say it's good.
SUPPLEMENT C HHM
8b1 C1IJ1M 31l3KOMbl?
c IItH~ 8b1
C
Heil 3I1aKOMLoI?
C HHMll
HRM" 3H3K6Mbl? n03HaK6MHTb (pfv II) JI n03HaKOMJIIO, OllR n03HaKOMJlT .sf BaC n03HaK6MJ11O c neH. clO.na 8b1
C
6H
ItJle-r
CIO.na.
Ha3aaTb (pfv I) Ha30By, Ha30BYT Ha30BRTe MH He.ntnH!
with him Are you acquainted with him? with her Are you acquainted with her? with them Are you acquainted with them? to introduce, acquaint I'll introduce, they'll introduce I'U introduce you to her. here, over [here}, this way, in this direction He's coming over (here]. to name I'll name, they'll name Name the days of the week!
nOHe.ne.nbIiHICBTOpHHK
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
ope"a 'leTBepr miTliHLl
(sub6t~J
BOCKpecCHbC
B cy600ry OYJIYT T81U\L1 Kau
3HHa,
TbI
oee OptM$I CHJJ.:HllIb JJ.6Ma.
nOH.nCM 0 cy666Ty 0 KJ1Y6.
3HHa
2 Her, cnacH60. TaM BCer.na
TflK CKy"lHO!
KaTH 3 Aa,
3HHa
~in~
!
Ii fj6 vreljl' ji
H6 Ha :hOT pa3
dii j n6 naet;)t
6YJJ.yr
budut Hinci 1
TaHUbI. I
4 TaHubI? 3TO JJ.pyr6e ,a,eno! TaHueoaTb Ji JlJo6mO.
.,
TW, Bna.u.HMHp H Oner. 2 TLi Onera 3Haewb?
---
cas (
tanci i el, drug6j,
I I
Ii vlaQirpir i ajek j ti
I
alcg,l znaji~ i
• Note llult Russians consider Monday tbe Iirst day of the week and Sunday tbe last. Thi$ i$ rdIcctod in (be names: n6ptUU< (from nop6i ~rond), ~ (from 'leT1lipn.li./ouT/h). and ~ (from .Jrrwifi!'").
LESSON 10
197
3UHa
KaTX
6 HeMuOro.
Qimnog::l !
Mw Ha OAHOM KyPce,
mi nOJadnom
HO ManO 3HUOMbl.)
no rnal:J znakonll ! va1~::1 g::lvarit
7 BonoJVI r080pHT, 'iTO OH XOPOWHH napeHb.·· j OH" TOBapHIUH no kOMHaTe.
3uHa
tagzoa~it fsubOtu !
vask61k. I
AeB~Tb.
v4eyi\1 a Ito ti 4eJ.jil
A 'ITO Tb! ACJ1aeWb cerOAJUI Be'iepoM? 3HHa 10
HAy aa ¢HnbM ((SoAHa H MHP». rOBopkr, XOpOWHH.
1
I
~ivodQ::I yetir::lm!
J1
NOTES
L
uyi 4im I
8 YBH.o.HM.
9 B
I
st::l 00 xarosij papQ ! aQi tavarisci pak6mn::lti
Tax 3Ha't.HT, B Cy600Ty? Bo CKOJlbKO? KaTX
ktir~i !
ja id1i nafJ.lm vajna i rpir ~varat xarosij !
!
Tam.... is ordinarily used in the plural unless a specific type of dance is referred
to: Compare with
noiUl.eM Ha TIlHUbI. Her. iTo ne pyCCKHH T8Heu..
Let's go to the dance. No, that's not a Russian dance.
In Russian it is correct and not at all impolite to start with oneself in referring to a group: 2
nOiiJJ,CM Bee BMecre: Ii, N, BnamfMKp H OJIl~;'-.
Russians do not put a comma aner the next to the last item in a series if the conjunction H precedes the last item. If the H is omitted, then the comma must be used: Ii, ThI, BmV1I6f1IP. Oner. In the expression Ha onum. KYpce. the noun Kjpc is used to mean class year (comparable to such terms as freshman or S()phomore). Kjpc can also mean course, as in KyPC HcrOPHH history course. J
• Bo.rrOLUI is a nickname for BJlaMMHp. Similarly, KaT'll is short for EK8repma. and 3ICHa for 3MH8.MAa.
, The word mipeub boy, lad, or fellow was formerly restricted to a country or working-class boy. Since World War 11 its usage has been extepded to refer to any young man.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
KHHO (n indeclinable) ~in6] [f\:in6) Oller AYMaeT !lonTii B lCHIlO. B KHIIO
198
LESSON 10
Oner
.aYMDeT
noiiTH
B KHHO
movies, cinema to the movies, at the movies Oleg is thinking of going to the movies.
lfTO ThI "IMTaem.... HCTOplllO?
to read I read, they read Whal are you reading? What are you reading, history?
«EereHIIM Oilerllll») )1: 'lttTSIO _EerCttHIl OHtntH8 t.
Eugene Onegin I'm reading Eugene Onegin.
CTllxH BOT d ... CTlIxH!
verses, poetry You don't say! Poetry!
.st
I'm reading War and Peace. Well, I'm reading War and Peace now.
'Hl1'inb (I)
Ii
'1111'8.10, OIlH '1"1'3101'
41'0 1'bl
'I1·lTllcwb?
«Boilu)' II MHp». A Ii cei"lac 'OI'riJo
novel that novel, this novel I love that novel.
poMan 31'01'
poMaU
A mo6.'nO 31'01'
POM,".
it, him many times I've read it many times.
ero (ace or Oil, OHO) MII6rQ plb
)1: MH6ro
paJ .......an erO.
lI.neT iPlinbM B KIIHO H.neT aMepllXaucKHH iPlinbM. KcT3.TII, e KHIlO lflJ.eT 3MepHK3.IlCKIIM iPlinbM. KCTaTH, JHaeWb, e lomo lflJ.eT 3MepHK3HCKH"iPKnbM" KcTiiTIl, Jltaam., B ..1100 ltlI,eT 8r.tepHKauCKHii ·Cllim.M
.Bowa II MMp
.st O'iCUb )to'ly ero nocMoTpe-rb. )Iii, JUSIO.
A O"letn. xo'Jf er6
t •
a film is playing (or showing) There's an American film showing at the movies. Incidentally, there's an American film showing at the movies. Incidentally, you know, tbere's an American film showing at the movies. Incidentally, you know the American film War and Peace is showing at the movies. I want very much to see it. Yes, I know. I want very much to see it.
IIOCMOTpe-rb.
Kor.n3.
Tw KOfJl;& Jl;YM8emb nOKTM? nOCJleJallTpa
[poslizart 1'; J
when Whcn is it you'rc thinking or going? the day aftcr tomorrow or
liml 39.B"rpa MJTH nocJJeJ8BTpa.
Tomorrow or the day arter.
nO'leMy A no'leroty n:. cnpswHBaewb?
why Why do you ask?
Jalnpa
Be'lCpOM
HlleT 3aBTp
3"H3
1i:
CJJWwllJl,
A To",e lla?
noM.nY 3aBTpa. Tor.nii ti TO*e now 3iBTpa.
tomorrow evening, tomorrow night Zina's going tomorrow evening. I heard Zina was going tomorrow evening. ['11 go tomorrow. too. Really? Tben I'll go tomorrow, too.
LESSON 10
199
SUPPLEMENT C~HTaTh (I)
~itat]
C~'IT3.IO, C~'ITaIOT
~itaju,
Ritlijut)
OT O,LUIoro .nO .necliTH C'IllTaihe OT o!l.J1oro .nO Aecnll!
OWl"
to count, consider I count. they count from one to ten Count from one to tcn! one
ADa
two
Tpli
three
~eTbipe
fOUT
min
five
wccn
'" seven
ceMb
eight mne ten
saceMb
.neSlITb .necRTb
"'c Bo
CK6111>KO
-
B 'lac. B JlB3..
-
B TpM. B ~eTl~pe. B mlTb. B weerb.
-
B CeMI>.
hour, o'clock, one o'clock At what time will you go? At one [o'clock]. At two. At three. At four. At five. At six. At seven. At eight. At nine. At ten.
Sbi noe.neTe?
-
B D6ceMb.
-
B .nessrn". B .necATb.
QJler )ljMaeT ooiini B. -
B.
3n,p3BCT8yit:, OJler!
4TO Tbr ~HTaeWb" J.1CTOPHfO .,
O. 2 Her, «EBreHHJI OuenlHa». I
B.
3 BOT K3.K, CTMxM! A li ceii'fac 'H1TafO «Bairn)' H MHp».
o.
4.st mo6mo
:hOT pOMaH.
Muoro pa3 '{HTan ero. 200
LESSON
10
811allH;\Hlp
"RHO
B
O. -
Ollcr
zdriistuj alek 1 sto li citiijis ! istopju 1 Qed jivgeQijo aQegino 1
vot kilk
I
Sli~i 1
a ja ~ic.as ~itAju vajou i rpir!
I
jil lublii etot ramilo 1 omoga ras ~itAI jiv6!
5
B.
O.
kShl\i zDajis!
KcraTH, 3HaellJb, B KHHO HAeT aMepHK3.HCKHi:t $HJlbM «Boi:tHa H MHp».
f\inc ilia' I arpirikans~ij
film
.vajna i Jllir
6 ,llA, 3l1alo. >1 O'leHb xO'ly ero nocMoTpeTb.
diU zDaju! ja otiQ xacu jivo JY.lsmatre\!
B.
7 Tbl KorAa nyMaellJb nOHTH?
ti kagda dumajis pajp !
O.
8 3aBTpa
zaftra! iii posliziiftra ! a p;)(;imu ti sprasivajis !
RrIH
nOClle33BTpa.
A nO'leMj TbI cnpallJHBaellJb?
B.
I st. pn. ili6' I
9.st CJlbIllJan,
ja sUs:,)1
'ITO 3H:Ha H,neT 3aBTpa Be'lepOM.
uftra yeciram !
O. 10,llA? Torna si TO}l(e noi:t,ny 3aBTpa.
NOTES
dii T tagda ja toii pajdu uftra!
1 (<.EBnlmlii OllerHHH is Alexander Push kin's (1799-1837) famous novel in verse, written during the 1820's. Note that titles of books, movies, plays, and so forth are declined in Russian unless preceded by the nouns book, movie, play, and so forth. Compare with
Ji Ji
'1J.l"r3.10 (,BoilHy J.I MHP}), 'HiTalO poMaH «Boilml H MHp».
I'm reading War and Peace. I'm reading the novel War and Peace.
Basic sentence patterns I. Tbl 3HaeWb OJlera? _ _ _ _ EBremuI? _ _ _ _ KHpHJlJla? _ _ _ _ L1.apanKlIHa? _____ A.n.eKceeBa? _ _ _ _ llbBa? _____ ceKpeTapli?
_ _ _ _ CArny? _ _ _ _ Kamo? _____ BOJlO)lIO? _ _ _ _ rinlO? _ _ _ _ HHHy? _ _ _ _ MapHlO?
_ _ _ _ HpHHy neTpolmy? 2. Bbl era JH
_ee..
'I.
_HX ? _MeH'I. _ _ ?. _HaC ?
Do you know _____ _____ ______ ______ _____ _____
Oleg? Evgeny? Kirill? Tsarapkin? Alexeev? Lev? the secretary?
----c, Sasha? _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Kotya? Volodya? Galya? Nina? Maria? Irina Petrovna?
Do you know _____ _____ _____ _____
bim? her? lhem? me? us?
LESSON 10
20J
3. nonpocHTe I1BaHa H,IfKOJlaCBH'fa K
Ask Ivan Nikolaevich to come to the phone.
TeJ1e$6Hy. _ _ _ _ 60puca MKXMiJJoBH'fa
•
_ _ _ _ BJla.nHMHpa - - - - - -
_ _ _ _ upo4J
_
_ _ _ _ EBreulUl
_
- - - - ""'p.""p' - - - - - _ _ _ _ )"Uhe1Ul CMupHoea _~_ _ _ _ K6mo _ _ _ _ Bo.n6mo _ _ _ Camy
_
_ _
_ _ _ _ Mapmo
_
_ _ _ Hm.y _ _ _ ramo
_ _
_ _ _ _ I1p>iHy nOTJ)6'Hy
_
4. YT6 Dbl 'fUT3.eTe?
What are you reading?
POM8..H.
A novel.
-
CTHxH.
-
tEBreHIUI OHt~nlHa t. c60puca fOJJ.YH6Ba •. cA6KTOpa )KHB3.ro •. eBoHHj Ii Mlip •.
Poetry. Eugene Onegin. Boris Godunov. Doctor Zhivago. War and Peace. Anna Karenina. History. Geography.
.AHOy KapeHHHy t. HCTOplUO. reorp.a¢nno.
Jt mo6mO 'Iau. _ _ _ oopw.
I'm very fond of tea. _ _ _ _ _ bo=h. _ _ _ _~ bread. _ _ _ _ _ nUlk.
_ _ _ xne6. _ _ _ _ MOJlOK6.
____ orypu w.
_ _ _ _ _ _ cucumbers. _ _ _ _ _ ",hi. _ _ _ _ _ kasha.
_ _ _ mHo
_ _ _ Kamy. _ _ _ pbl6y.
_ _ _ _ _ fish.
____ ceJlC,llKy.
_ _ _ _ _ _ berring.
6. Ha CJleA)'IOllleH He,lle.ne R 6yAY B MOCKBe. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Thl: 6YAewb _ .
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6H
6y~OT
__
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Mbi 6YAeM _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Bbi 6yAere _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ OHM 6yAYT _ _
7.
Boris Mikhailovich Vladimir _ _~ Professor Orlov Evgeny the secretary Teacher Smirnov Kolya Volodya Sasha Maria Nina Galya Irina Petrovna
-
5.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Jt 6yAY 'IlfT3.Th cEBreHIUI OHernua •. Tbi 6YAewb _ 61:1 6YAeT _ 6YACM _
Mw
Bw
6y~=_~
OUM 6YAyr
202
LESSON
_ _
10
Next week I'll be in Moscow. _ _ _ you'll be _ _ _ _ ho'll be _ _ _ _ wo'll be _ _ _ _ you'lI be _ _ _ _ thoy'll be _ _ I'll be reading Eugene Onegin. You'll be _ Ho'll be _ Wo'li be _ Vou'll be _ Thoy'li be _
_ _ _ _ ~
~
_ _
_ _ _ _ _
8.
.s1 111061110 TaHUeaaTb. Tbi JII06HWb _ _~ QHa m06HT _ MhI 1II06HM _ Bbi: 1II06H"re _ Omi JlJ06lIT _
I love to dance. You love _ _. She loves _ _ . Welove _ _ . You love _ _. They love __ .
9.
.s1 see
I sit (or stay) home all the time. You sit (or stay) _ He sits (or stays) _ We sit (or stay) _ _ You sit (or stay) They sit (or stay) _
apeMjI CmKY.noMa.
Tbi 6H MbI BbI Qmi
CH.ltHlllh_.
CuMT __. CHllUM __. CH,lOfTe _ . CIt,lVlT _ _.
10. .s1 ero )'Buy cerOJJ;HJI Be..epoM. Tbi: _ )'BH.n.HWb __ QHa _ YBH.wtT Mbi: _ yBH.wtM Bbi: _ YBH.n.HTe OHJi _YBWT II.
.1t
Bcer,n3. TbI:
6H Mhl Bbl Onu
12.
_ _ _ _
ee BU:lKY B -rea-rpe.
I aJways see her at the theater. Vou _ """ _
BH.n.mub _ _. BH..rtm_ Bm.HM _
BHJurre
_
ali.wrr
_
He __ """s We_""" Vou _ """ They _ see
.st 3aBTpa KyruuO M0110"O.
Kj"n.llT
_
13. .s1 OCTaBnlO nOpnpeJ1b B KJ1Y6e. TbI: OCTaBHwb 6R ocraB"T Mbl ocraO"M
_
_ _
BbiOCTMHTe
_
Omi OCTaBlIT 14.
_
.st cnpowy 06 .:hOM y nbBa. TbI: cnp6cHwb _ OR cnp6cm_ Mbi: cnp6cHM _ Bbi cnp6c1tTe _ Qmi cnp6c1lT _
15. KaKoii cerOAJUI -
.a,eHb?
Cero).{H1I: BOC"peceHbC.
_ _ _ _ _ nOHc).{el1bIUlK.
_____ STOPH"". _ _ _ _ cpe).{a.
_ _ _ _
I'll buy milk tomorrow. You'll buy _ She'll buy _ We'll buy _ You'll buy _ They'll buy _
Ty _ _ KYnKUlb _ 0lI. _ KYmrr _ My __ iCYnHM _ _ By _ _ Kj"nHTe _ Qm; _
I'll see him this evening. You'll see _ She'll see _ _ We'll see You'll see _ _ They'll see
I'll leave the briefcase at the club. You'll leave _ He'll leave _ We'll leave _ You'll leave _ They'll leave _ I'll ask Lev about it. You'll ask _ _ He'll ask _ We'll ask You'U askL-_ _ They'll ask _ What day is today? Today is Sunday. _ _ _ Monday. _ _ _ Tuesday. _ _ _ Wednesday.
LESSON 10
203
-
Today is Thursday_ _ _ _ Friday. _ _ _ Saturday.
CerOAHSI "leToepr.
_ _ _ _ mrnUUla.
_ _ _ _ cy666Ta. 16. nOH.aCM
B BOClCpeceHbC B
Let's go to thc club on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on _ on on _
IC./IY6.
_ _ _ B nOHC.llenbHllX _ _"
BTOPHHK _ _ _ _ " CpeAY - -_ _" _ _ _ B "lcnepr _ _ _ _ 0 miTHHl.\y _ _ _ _ B Cy666Ty _ _ _ _ 00
She stayed home all _______ all _ all _ all _ all _ all _ _ _ _ _ _ all
17. QHa Oecb llellb cHltena .nOMa. __ Becb oe"lep _
_
Bee YrPo
_
__ see ne-ro _ _ BCK>
3RMy
__ octO
HClltJlIO
_ _ "
__ Bee OpeMSI
_
Pronunciation practice: unpaired consonants [C], [~C], and [j]
[~],
Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday.
day. evening. morning. summer. winter. week. the time.
[z], [C],
Some consonants occur without soft or hard counterparts. Three consonants are aJways pronounced hard: ~], [il, and [c]. Three are always pronounced soft: [~], ~], and (j]. A.
Hard consonant (SJ Usual Cyrillic spelling
tu;
also
jk,
tub,
or )Ie".
Note the pronunciation of hard (vi
sRi~iti]
Ua ,IBoII [maW]
Obi cnewliTe Ji CJIwwan xopow6
[~]
in the following: you're hurrying I heard good
The Russian consonant (S] is always hard. It differs from the corresponding English sound (usually spelled sh in words like shop, crwh, and bush) in that the tip of the tongue is curled slightly up and back, and the sound is made farther back in the mouth.
Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating (S], imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Remember that even when Cyrillic e, M, and .. are written after ru, they ace still pronounced hard. 204
LESSON 10
B.
Hard consonant [fl Usual Cyrillic spelling *; sometimes *lo. Note the pronunciation of hard [ll in the following:
[final
lKeua
[naslut~;]
Ha CJTY»c6e
wife at work
Russian [ll is a hard consonant formed with the tongue in the same position as for ~], but it is pronounced voiced. It is similar to the English .r in leisure and pleasure, except that the Russian sound is made with the tip of the tongue curled up and baek and is produced farther back in the mouth. (Russian [ll is articulated in approximately the same position in the mouth as American Engljsh r.) Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating [i], imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Remember that even when Cyrillic e, e, and" are written after )1\, they arc still pronounced hard.
C.
Hard consonant Ie] Usual Cyrillic spelling
It.
Note the pronunciation of hard [c] in the following: [kancert] [agurci]
concert cucumbers father
KOIlLtePT
arypubl aTilt
['Ioc]
The Russian sound [c] is like the Is in English cats. and in the foreign-derived words tsetse and lsar. The tip of the tongue touches the gum ridge behind the upper teeth. It is always pronounced hard. Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating eel, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Remember that even when Cyrillic e and H are written after It, they are still pronounced hard. D.
Soft consonant [~l Usual Cyrillic spelling .. ; ·sometimes
'lb.
Note the pronunciation of soft [~j)
[napOttu]
(Ie;..] [6CiQ]
...iii ua nO"Ty o..epa O'feHl,
[~l
in the following:
tea to the post office yesterday very
Russian [l:] is formed much like English ch in cheap or chin, but without the puff of breath which occur.; with English ch in the above words. Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating [l:], as well as Ihe paired sets contrasting (l:) and soft (tJ, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Remember that even when Cyrillic a, 0, and yare written after It. they are still pronounced soft. LESSON 10
205
E.
Sort consonant [5C] Usual Cyrillic spelling
Ill;
sometimes
Il.lL
or
C'I
(rarely
iK)],L).
Note the pronunciation of soft [W]
LUll.
[bMt]
oopw lIaC'leT
[nascot] Uascik] (Ri!Co]
Jiu.r.J.l'K
nJiUla
[~]
in the following:
schi borsch with regard to drawer, box food, fare
The Russian sound represented by [scI is pronounced either as a long soft lS] or as a soft {~] followed by a [el, also soft. It ~ounds something like the sch in English mischief, pronounced rapidly with sh instead of s. The sound [sc] is considered soft in the Russian sound system and has no hard counterpart. Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating long soft [~cJ, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Remember that even when Cyrillic a and yare written after Ill, they are still pronounced soft. F.
Soft consonant U]1 Note the pronunciation of soft U] in the following:
UaJ [mojl [d';lsyida(lj';l] [angin';ljJ
•
I my
MOi1
.0:0 CBHJl:aHH.II
al-lI'lIHoi1
good-bye with a sore throat
Russian UJ is pronounced much like the English y in you and boy, except that the Russian sound is made with the tongue much tenser and more elevated, particularly after a vowel. Russian U] is considered a soft consonant and has no hard counterpart. Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can.
OJ,
imitating your
Intonation practice: review of falling intonation contonrs Reread the discussion on intonation contours in Lesson 6. A.- Review of statements with falling contours.
6H 3,o:ecb.
He's here. Alexeev's in. She's at a meeting. Vladimir's on the phone.
ArtCKceeB y ce6}j.
Qlla lIa coGpaHHIf.
BJla.o:m.mp y TeJIe$oHa.
m
, In the Cyrillic writing system, the consonant sound is ordinarily expressed by the separate letter ii after a vowel only when there is no vowel immediately following. i.e., at the end of a word or just before another consonant: r.toii fm6jJ. "Tp6iiKa [tr6jk:l]. It is most often tJl:pn:ssed through usc of the soft-series vowel letters, particularly at the beginning of a word or between vowels: Ii [j
206
LI.'SSON I 0
B,imm B WKa~lY. Olll) 8 Mara3HlIC. A.TJlaC Jloporoli. MOCK&e. nOH.n.Y nOCMoTpIO. B6T pecTOpaH.
The forks are in the cupboard. She's al Ihe slore. T'hc atlas is expensive. He's in Moscow. I'll go take a look. Here's the restaurant.
B'lcpa 6bui: KOm.-CpT.
Yesterday therc was a concert. We have borscb. She's sick now. Tbe custodian stood at the door. We've already had dinner. He's in Moscow now. I have a small favor to ask. She works at a factory. Pm coming from work. Put in a good word for me. Thanks very much. We're old friends, after all. I haven't seen you in a long time. She has bought a dress again. He's completely well now. We drank tea awhile ago. Nina stood in line a long time. One has to wail so long. Alexeev works there, after all.
all B
Y HaC ecn, 6Opw. Tencpb oua 6oJJbHa. BaXTep CTOM y.nBCpH. Mbi }')ICC o6e.aarlH. ceH"ac 0 MocKoc. Y MeH,j Ma.neHbKlUI npOcb6a. Oua pa60TaeT lIa CTapbJe llPY:U,,j. R naBH6 BaC He BH:JteJJ. OHa olllin. KynMa MaTbe. BnOJlne TenCpb 3nopOB. Mbi Hell3.BHO OMII 'l3.H. HHHa nOJlro CToJina B O'iepellii. Haao T3.I .uoJlro ;t()l,aTb. Benb -raM pa60TaeT AneKcCeB.
all
all
B. Review of questions with falling contours (question-word questions). KTO TAM? KTO cnpaWIlSaeT? f.ae B3XTep? rIJ.C KHOcK? \.ITO :lTo? KYlla H,lJ,eWb? 3a'lCM cneWHTh? KaK HHHa?
Who's there? Who's calling? Where's the custodian? Where's a newsstand? What's that? Where arc you going? What's the hurry? How's Nina?
r.uC owi 6bJJJa? KTO TaM CTO,jJl? 4TO 3TO B WKa
o
Where was she? Who was standing there" What's that in the cupboard" Whom did you go to see? What were you doing? Who's that talking? Where are they hurrying to? Where are you coming from? What's your burry? Who was he asking about? What's for dioner today? What did Kozlov write about?
Ky.aa Rbi: TalC cnewJiTe? 4TO Rbi TCncpb lle.naere?
Where are you going in such a hurry? What are you doing now?
o
LESSON 10
2fY7
l{TO :ho TaM B yr11Y?
What's that in the corner there? Where did you get that? How about dinner now? Wbere did you get that? From whom did you learn that? What do you need these notebooks for? Where's OUf chancellor slanding? How did your lesson go? How about an atlas then?
rile Th. :ho JJ.OCTana? Kax Tenepb naC'leT ooeJJ.a? OTiCYil3 Rbi :ho n011)"1K1I11? Y ¥oro Bbi :ho y:manH? Ja'leM Te6e 3TH TeTJlA,D.H? rJJ.e CTOUT flaw peKTOp? Ka.: npowe.n TBO" yp6K? Kh TorAa f13C'1CT ftTnaca?
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
The accusative of KTO, 'ITO, and the personal pronouns MODELS
tho Bbl TaM BHJJ.elut? Koro Bbl TaM BH.o.CJUl?
What did you see there? Whom did you see there?
Bee npo$eccopa Mellli 3HaIOT.
All the professors know _ _ ________
_ _ _ _ _ ",60 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .r6 _ _
_ _ _ _ ee
_
me. you. him. her.
_____ Ha.--
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ us.
_ _ _ _ _ HX
_ you. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ them.
_____ 8a. _ _ _
CnpocJhe em, ttftlt npoHTH
__
R
filM.
_
~ee
lix He CMOTpH
H3
_ nero!
Don't look at him (or it)! _~ ber (or it)! _ _ _ _ _ tbem!
_ _ _ _ lIa llee! _ _ _ _ lIa mix! 3aMOJlBitTC
____ ____ ____ ____
3a MCHJI 33 Hcro 33 lice 33 1Il1C 33 IlHX
Ask him bow to get to GUM. _h.r _ _ them _
CJ10BelfXo!
!
_ _ _
Put in a good word for me! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for him! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for her! _ for us! _ for them!
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models, noting that the accusative is like the genitive for all personal pronouns and KYO, but that 'ITO has an accusative like the nominative. Note also that afier prepositions the third person pronouns are Hen>, Hee, and mix; otherwise they are erG, ee, and Hx. • STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
Ask Ivan NikoJoellich [to cornel to the phone. Ask him [to come] to ,he phone. T: nonpocJhe MBalia HH.K011aCBH'la k TeJle¢l6uy. s: nOnpocMTe en> " TeJle4l6trY. 208
LESSON 10
T: nonpociITe rwJO IC TenecP6Hy. s: noopoaiTe ee II: Tene+6t«Y. (saXTcpa, BonoJUO, HHHy, Mapmo nCTPORHy, EBreHWI, Kano, 3HHy, neTpa, HHko11ajl)
• QUESTiON-ANSWER DRILL
Where's YOllr dictionary? I left it at home. T: rile B3W clIooapl> '! s:
{Bawe nepo, Baw 110)4(, Barna kHHT'3, BaWH TeTpa.nKH, BaUJH CJJOBapH, Bama pa60Ta, Barn aTnac, Baw nopTlj)e.nb, Bame co-
A en~ :Ja6blJT AOMa.
T:
r.ue Barna K3.pTa 1
s:
H: ee 3a6blJ1 ,nOMa,
'(HHe"He, BautH KlIK>'II1)
• RESPONSE DRILLS
1. Ah, there you are! We've been expecting you for a long time. T: A, BOT BY! s: MY DC AaBHO o»tllJ.Uie.'K. T: A, BOT ThI! s: MW n6li lUl8HO O*Kl1aeM,
T: BOT MaTepHan Ha
S:
nnaThe.
r.at BhI ero LtOCT8nH?
T: BOT K3.pTa KHT3.R.
s: r.ne RW ee JlocriJOt ?
(OHa, OHM, KoJUl, y60pll(HU3., }"IHTeJIh
(aTnac AMepHKIl, KapTbi EBponhl, tcapaH-
CeMeHoB, HHHa, 01lbra nellJOBua, neB HHXHTH'I)
.naw,
orypl..(bl, Pbl6a, KlUtfM, nOPTlj)e.nb,
TeTpa.AH, C1IoBapb)
4. Zina isn't ready yet. Wait for her. T: 3Hua ewe He rOTOBa.
3. Kozlov was there. I saw him. T: K03J!68 T3.M 6blJ1. s: g en~ BH.aeJI, T: OEla T3.M 6bU1a.
S: no,ll,O:«JU4 ee,
T: R Cute He rOTOB. s: no,/l,O:llC)Ut Memi.
s: g ee BKAeJI. (TbI, 011, BbI, OHH, HmonaH, TBO" cCcTpbl,
(MbI, Oner H 3HHa, 6paT, OHa, cecTpa,
KaTR, npoc:J>eccop OpnOB, TeO" 6paThR)
OHI1, TBOR *ella, on, TBOR M)')K)
5. He's here. Do you know him? T:
2. Here's the dress material. Where did )'ou get it?
6. He's nOl here yet.
We're expecting him. T: Ero elll,c lib.
Oil TYr.
s:
s: TbI: ero :JlI1iernL? T: OHa
TYr.
s: TbI: ee :J1I8etUb ? (l1plllla, KOJ1Jl, K03110B, MOll 6paT, MOll cecTpa, MOil 6paTLR, MOll ceCTpb.l)
7. There's Zilla over there. Ask her.
Mw ero o~eM.
T: Y'{llTeJlbHHLU>J ewe IICT. s: Mbi ee o*HAAeM. (IIX, Komi, HHKOJla.sr, nponaSWHll,hl, ero, npoq,eccopa, CeMcHoa3 Hero )Kenbl) 8. We saw the factory.
Whal did yOIl see?
T: 86H TaM 311.113.
T:
Mw 8H.D.eJIli 3aB6J.1,.
S: CnpocMTe eC. T: BOH TaM BOllO,l]}l. S: CnpocM-re erO.
s:
qTO BbI: BJiAeJlH?
(l1plllla
ne1ll0BIJa,
T: Mbl OH.D.CJlH 3ulIy.
s: KorO BbI: OHJJ.CJlH? y60PlltHD;bI,
MOit
(aTlIac, KapTbI, BOllO,lJ;K>,
ee
ifJlUlhM,
6pa:ra, 6H6nHOTeKY,
Barny
6paT, MOR cecrpa, Y"HTeJUI, Y'UtTeJlb-
cecTpy,
HHUB., 01ler, CTYJleHTbI)
pe3YllbTaThI 3k3aMena, Mapmo, KOM-
Y'llITeJISI,
HaTy) DISCUSSION
The accusative of personal pronouns and ICTO has tbe same fonn as tbe genitive. Tbe accusative of 'ITO, however, is like the nominative. LfSSON
10
209
NOM
•
Tbl
ACC
MelUi
-..6.
OH,
OliO
era (Hero)
OHa
M';'
Dbl
ee (Hee)
lIac
. .0
ami
OX
H6
'iTO
Kor6
.w
(nux)
The alternate fonns. Hero, Hee, and HHX, are used only with prepositions: nOCMOT'pIi Ha Hero! Look at him! Ja.\fOllBNTe 3a Nee ClJO&e'IKO! Put in a good word for her!
The accusative singular of nouns MODELS
Koro Bb! TaM BH.nellll? - DOpUca.
Whom did you see there?
-
Bna.n.HMHpa. npocPcccopa Opn6aa.
-
EBreHIUI.
-
HHKOnalt.
-
K6mo. BonO.lUo. Cluny. HpUHy. Maputo. lhoOOBb.
Vladimir. Professor Orlov. Evgcoy. Nikolay. Kolya. Volodya. Sasba. Irina. Maria. Lyubov.
'-iTo Bba KynHnH?
What did you buy?
-
Bread.
Xne6. 4aH.
- MOJlOlc6. - KaPTY KHTb. -
Pbl:6y. Cene.llKY· TeTpaltb.
KY.lla 611 nowen? - Ha yp6K. - Ha KOHU,CpT.
-
B Kny6.
-
B napl(. Ha co6paHue.
-
B 06lUe)lOtTllc.
-
Ha cPA6pHKy. B wKony.
-
B 6H6JlHOrelCy.
-
B na60paT6pHIO. Ha neICllHJO.
Kor.ua Bbi 6Y.ueTe .u6Ma. - B BOCKpeceHbC. - B nOHe.uenbHHK.
210
Boris.
LESSON 10
Tea. Milk.. A map of China. Fish. Herring. A notebook. Where did he go? To class. To a concert. To the club. To the park.
To To To To
a meeting. the dormitory. the factory. school.
To the library. To the laboratory. To the lecture (or class).
When will you be home? On Sunday. On Monday.
-
On On On On On
Bo BTOpHHK. B cpCA)'. B 'leTBepr. B ruhHHUY. B cy666Ty.
.si 6y.o:y y uHX ______ _____ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday.
I'll be at their place ________ _______ ________ ________ _______ ________ _______
oeCb ll,eHb. BeCb se'lep. Bee YTPo. Bee JIeTO. BCJO 3HMY. BCJO seeny. BCJO Ocelli... BCJO He.t\e.mo.
all all all all all all all all
day. evening. morning. summer. winter. spring. autumn. week.
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that the accusative singular is like the nominative singular except for: I. Animate cyon-nouns, which use the genitive singular endings. 2. )Kwa-nouns. which have the endings -y and -10 in ~he accusative singular.
• CUED SUBSTITUTION DRILL
(HUKOJlall. Y'lHTeJIb, CeMeHos, ero ceCTpa, aMcpmcaHeu rpaHT, CallIa, CTY,lI.CHT K03J10B, EBrcllHH, ero TOBapHlU, ccKperapb)
(Oleg) T: (Oner)
Do you know Oleg? Bb"13HaeTe OJlera? s: By 3UaeTC OJlera? T: (np.ccop OpJlOB) (Bbi) ? S:
Bb"I 3l1ac..-e npocflCc-
oopa
Opm~oa?
• RESPONSE DRILLS
1. We have no bread. I bought bread today. T: Y ",ic BeT XJIe6a. s: cero.ll:JUI KymiJI XJlOO. T: Y Hac HeT 'laR. S: cerONul KymiJI "laM. (neT pbl6bI, neT MOJIOK3, HeT K<>
a a
2. There's Professor OrJov over there. I know Professor Or/ov. T: BOH TaM upcxpeccop OpnOB. s: lH1bo npocflCccopa OpmlB8. T: BOH TaM JII060Bb neTpOBlla. s: a llflbo Jbo668b neTp08ny. (BoJlO)])l, KypO'lIOtH, DOPUC MHxaiirIoBH'l, I1pmla J1BaHosna, Komi, ero ccKpeTapb)
a
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Where's the key?
I left the key on the table. T: rne KJlJO'l? s: Kiuo'l Ii OCT8BHJI lI8 CYOJle. T: r,lI.e KHHra? s: K'H1try Ii ocraOMJI ua CYOJIe. (MOJlOKO, TeTPanb, p)"lKa. CJl0Bapb, llHCbMO. Kopo6Ka, MaTepHan)
2. Was the exam on Monday? No, on Tuesday. T: 3JOaMeH 6bu1 8 lIOHeJl:e.nbHHK? S: HliT, 80 BTOpUHK. T: 3K3aMeH 6bIJI ao BT6plillK? s: HeT, B cpeJJ.Y. (s cpeJt.y, II 'leTBepr, a nRTHHUY)
LESSON
10
211
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Where's the park? I want to go to the park. T: rjJ,e mipx? 5: A xo'fj IIOiiTH • mlpK. T: rjJ,e 06me"'HTHe? s: A XO'fY nom B06ll.le:t(H-rKC. (rYM, 111Kona,
2. Maybe Kalya heard about that. Ask Katya. T: M6lKeT 6hm. Kan ClIbnuana 06 nOM. s: CopoctiTe KaTlO. T: Mo",eT 6b.lTb ]JeD ClIbiwan 06 nOM. s: CnpocH-rc JIbB8.. (1110608b nCTpoBHa, EBrellllH, npo
3. Nina and Katya were there. I saw only Katya. T: TaM 6WlH HUlIa If KaTR. s: A BN.a.eJJ TOnbKO KaTlO. T: TaM 6bIJlH Opnoo H KYPO'lKIUI. 5: A BHJJ.eJJ TOJlbKO KYpo'IKHlIa. (Bonon)! " OJler, 6paT " cecTpa, Onjl II HIIKOJlaii, CTy,D,CH1' If CTy,D,ellTxa, y60ptUIILta If Daxrep, M}'JIC If ",eRa)
4. Over there is the unil'ersity.
rye already seen the university. T: BOil T3.M ymmepcmtt. S: y»:e BliJJ.eJJ )'HHBcpclITer. T: BOil TllM 06tUooITlte. s: y*e BH.ueJJ 06ute*H-rKe. (nO'lTa, na60paTopltjl, ,ll,Bepb, 3jJ,3HHe 6116J1l1ore,,". ee "OMlla1"4, KX aymfTOpIDI, Mara3HH)
a a
DISCUSSION
Only ito:eHa-nouns and animate CTM-nouns have accusatives which differ from the nominative. Animate CToJl-nouns have accusatives exactly like their genitives. )Kella-nouns have accusatives ending in -y (for nominatives ending in -a) and -10 (for nominatives ending in -H). NOUN ENDINGS IN TIIB ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR
cron-nouns Inanimate (same as nominative) CTOJI nopTcj>Cnb KapaHnaw
rYM TaneU
hnac
Oh.,.o..nouns Animate (same as genitive)
(same as nominative)
K03J100ft Mf,oKa YKpaUHUft jlxYra
OKIIO ,D,eJlo
n~pa
co6pilHile CO'lHHeHHe ru"hbC neHRe
cryneHTft 6"'", JIboa Kilplinna Enremul miplUl
Mo nepO
*eHa-DOUns
,!lBCpb·nouDS
-y and -10
(same as nominative)
)KellY ceCTpY 3URY y66putllltY K6.ntO rantO nejJ,e.ntO Kano Bon6,/l,1O I1CTOPiltO
,!:tBepb O'lCpe,!:tb J1JOOOOb OceUb ,.",aab
A few It(eua-nouns with the stress on the ending in tbe nominative singular shift the stress back to the stem in the accusative singular. Compare 3tl\ta with 3N.\f)' winter, cpeLtli with cpeJJ.Y Wednesday. and llOCKa with lJ.OcKy board.
212
LESSON 10
Summary remarks. The accusative functions primarily to indicate thc goal of a verbal action, i.e., the direct object of a transitive verb. Used in conjunction with such prepositions as a and tla, it indicates the goal to which the action is directed. . The accusative is also frequently used in expressions of timc, where it may occur either with or without a preposition, for example, B Cy660Ty, Ila hOT pa3, acw 3H:My. When used without a preposition, it indicates the complete span of time encompassed by the activity.
Second conjugation verbs with a stem consonant change in the first person singular present-future Obi -
~aBH6 3~CCb
)la,
Bee
cUlniTe? yTpO CH)f(y 3.ltCCh.
Have you been sitting here long? Yes, I've been silting here all morning.
Obi 3aBll'a YBH,ullTe HMHy? -
Will you see Nina tomorrow? Yes, I will.
.nil, yBIDKy.
nonpocHTe er6 K Tene$OHy. - Xopow6, cei.f·lac IIonpowy.
Ask him lO the phone. O.K., I'll do it right away.
CnpocHTe KYPO'lKHHa 06 3TOM. 3aBTpa era cnpowy.
Ask Kurochkin about that. I'll ask him tomorrow.
t.1T6 Ohl KYnHTe
What are you going to buy at GUM? I'll buy a present for Nina.
- st - >1
0 rYMe? KynJllo no.uapoK HHl.Ie.
Obi JlI0611TC 'Iail? -
Do you Ii ke tea? Yes, I'm very fond of it.
.na, O'lCHb JlI06Jno.
r.uc
- st
ocTaBHTe KmO'l? oC"nlBJlIO ero B MLUHKe.
Where will you leave the key? I'll leave it in the drawcr.
Dbl
Obi MeHM llmHaKoMHTe?
- .nil,
Will you introduce me? Yes, I will.
1l03HaKOMJIIO.
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models, noting that there arc two types of change which may take place in the first person singular of second conjugation verbs: 1. Replacement of the final stem consonant by an automatic alternatc (compare Thl BH.nHIUh, Oil BH~RT with Ii B"IKY). 2. The addition of a soft if (compare ThJ Jll00llmb, Oil JJ1001lT with Ii JII06nw). • SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
l. You sir home all the time. T: Thl BCe Bp(:MH CH.uJ.lWh nOMa. s: Tw ace apeMSI CH.uH1Uh .uOMa. (oHa, MW, BW, OIIH, KaTH, R, MOR )l(eHa, oalilll 6paThR)
2. Zina loves
3. f'lIleal'e rhe key with Pyotr.
4. I sometimes see Zina at the movies.
T:
>1
ocniBmo KlllO'I y nell'a. s: 5i ocniBJIIO KJIW'f y ne-I'pa. (oHa, ThI, MhI, BW, H, OHI1)
to
dance.
T: 3lfHa JII0611T TaHlI,eB3.Th. s: lAlla mooHT T3I11tellliTl>. (MhI ace, Ham" CTYAeHTKlI, H, BbI, 1bI, 3Ta JJ,csylllKa, nell' II MlUIa, g)
T: s:
51 "HOrlla BIf)Ky 31flly B 10f"0. A Hllorlla BH*Y 3M:uY B KHIIO. (Oller, TbI, Olin, ShE, g, MOR .n:PY3bSl, MhI, Moil TOBapHll\ no KOMllaTC)
LESSON 10
213
6. I'll ask him for the key. T:.st nonpowy y lIero KJ110'l.
5. When shall! see you again? T: Kor.m\ 1i onlin BaC yufuKy? s: Kor.n,R Ii omin..ae YSD.-y?
s:
it
ooopomj' y Hero K.'UO"I.
(OH, MbI, BonoJVI, 51, 3TII aMepHKalIQbl,
(TbI,
OHIl)
CTy.neHThI)
7. rll ask them about that. T: R cnpowy HX 06 :hOM. s: j]: enpotuj HX 06 :hOM. (MbI, BbI, KaTM, .neo)'lUKIl, CTY.neIlTICH )
OHU,
MbI, BbI,
1'1,
HBaIl,
OHa, Hawll
8. We'll buy bread tomorrolV. T: Mbr 3liBTPa KyUHM xne6. s: TbI, Oil,
JI,
Mw :J8BTpa
KrUMM XJlOO.
(1'1, ThI, BbI, Olla, :liI, OIlH, on, 1I, MbI, BbI, TbI, :liI)
9. FII introduce him to her.
R ero n031laxOMJlK> C HeH. s: A en) nOJllaKOMJlIO elicit.
T:
KaTJI, JI,
(Olllt, MbI,
TbI, 8M,
Oncr,
ACO)'lUKH, Bono.nJl)
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. Whom did you ask about this? Whom will you ask about this ? T: Koro Tha cnpocJ.in 06 :hOM? s: KorO tW cnp6cJuu.. 06 :JTOM? T: Koro Bbi cnpocJ.inH 06 :}TOM? s: Koro sw cnpOcJrre 06 nOM? (Mbf, OHIl, Sf, Olla, OH)
2. [left the dictionary on his desk. I'll/eave the dictiOffOry on his desk. T:
.st OCTaBItJI cnOoaPb
y lIero lIa CTone.
s: it OCT8B./UO CJlOsaPb y Hero H8 crone. T: DHa OCT
3. She bought suit material. She'll buy suit material. T: OHa Kymina MaTeplUln: Ha KOCnOM.
s: Od T:
.st
KylDlT
MaTepttU
H8 KocnbM.
xynHn MarepH8.n lIa "ocnOM.
s: A K)'wno MaTepHU H8 IrottIOM. (BonoJVI, OHlI, Bbf, ceCTpa, Sf, K03JIOB)
5. She loved you. She 101'es you. T: DHa Bae JU06Hna. s: OHa de mOOHT. T: 6H oac m06Hn. s: Oil de mOOHT.
(MOH 6paT,
Sf, Olm,
MbI, 3TOT aMepHcalleu)
4. ZinG used to ~;it home all (he lime. Zina sits at home all the time. T: 31illa Bee BpCMJI cltQena ll,OMa. s: lNHa Bee BpeMlf CHJ(Ify aOMa. T: Bbi see BpeMSI CltQenH .nOMa. s: BbI ace Bpe~UI eH.whe .nOMa. (SI, OHa, 3TII CTy.nellTh.l, l'bl, OHM,
Mbl, 011)
6. They often used to see Oleg. They often see Oleg. T: Oil" '1aCTo 8H.neJIll Onera. s: Omi 'uino 1IN.1.urT Onera. T: Jt '13.cro BH..neJT Onemo . s: it 'facro luhky OJlera. (011, CTy,ll,eIlTlCa, 3HlIa, MbI, HallIH ,lI,eByrnKH, 8bl, Tbl, }I)
DISCUSSION
Second conjugation verbs undergo a stem change in the first person singular present-future if their stem ends in .n, T, e, 1, 6, n, B, 4t, or M. J. Denlals.n, T, e, and J are automatically replaced by tbeir palatal alternates lie, "I, W, and '" respectively, and the first person singular ending is spelled -yo 2. Labials 6, n, B, l), and M add a sort n before the first person singular ending -10.
214
LE'iSON
10
GROUP I INFINITIVE BHae....,
so
PC
GROUP 2 CllpocHTb
JII06Wrb
KynWrb
OCT8BHTb
1I03t1RKOMHTh
fO see
to ask
10 love
10 buy
to leave
(0 introduce
(;pry)
(pry)
(ipfv)
(pry)
(pry)
(pry)
cnpowy
JIIo6mo
1I0311a"OMJIIO
cnp6cltlUb
m061tlUb
"ywuo KynltlUb
ocraMIO
2 3
Slt....y SliD.IIWh
OCT:umWb
BH.nHT
cnp6cuT
m0611T
Ky""T
OCd.BlIT
II03I1aKOM"Wb n03HaKoMHT
I
B"A1IM
cnp6cHM
m06HM
KymlM
OCT
n03l1axO/lotHM
2 3
BH.u.Hre
cnp6cwre cnpocJIT
JII06"Te JIIo6JIT
Ky""Te IylUlT
OCTaaHTe
003HaxOMJITe
ocnIBn
n03HaKOMJIT
I
BIUtMT
Note thaf fhe change in Sfem OCClirs only in fhe firsf person singular.
If the stress is on the last syllable of the infinitive, it will fall on the ending of the first person singular, but win often shift back ODe syllable in all other forms of the present-future. Compare c:npoam., cnpowj with copOaunb, copOarr. mpOca.\t. cupOarre, cop6cwT. If the stress of the infinitive falls on a syllable other than the last, it will remain on Jhat same syllable in all forms, for example, OC"T1iBHTb, OCTlhtJllO, OCTUIIIllb, ocniSMT, ocnisH.\t, ocriBMTe, OCTisaT.
In the past tense, the stress is consistently on the same syllable as in the infinitive, for el(ample, men., SHD.e.rr, BK.rte.rra, ali.ne.oo, ltIi.ae.mt; mo6Hn., mo6H.rr, nlO6Ma, m06K.rto, nI06MM.
The future of 6bITb and the formation of the imperfective future MODELS
.sl GYAY TaM B cy660Ty. TbJ 6Y.l.tCWb _ 611 6Y.l.teT _ Mbl GY.uCM _ Bbl 6YJleTe _ Oil" 6yayr _
I'll be there on Saturday. You'll be _ He'll be _ We'll be _ You'll be _ They'll be _
YTO Dbl 6Y.l.tere Aena..-h?
What will you be doing? We'll be working,
- Mw
6YAeM pa6oT3Tb.
I·ho Thl 6YAewb Jl,enaTh? - .sl 6yay 'f.HTaTh.
What will you be doing? I'll be reading or I'll read.
YTO Oncr 6YACT n;cnaTh?
What will Oleg be doing? He'll be writing letters.
- 611
6yn;cT
n"can. ""CbMa.
GY.l.tyr AenaTb? 01111 6yn;yr TaHlteeaTb.
YTO Oil"
-
YTO MhI 6Y.l.teM .l.tenaTh? M.bi: 6Y,lleM miTb 'iaR.
-
Wbat will they be doing? They'lI be dancing. What shall we do? We'll drink tea. LESSON to
215
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeal the given models, noting that the future of 6Wb may be used alone (in Ihe sense of will or shal/ be) or in combination with imperfective infinitives to form the imperfective future. Remember that the future forms of 6Lrn. can never be combined with perfective infinitives.
• QUESTION·ANSWER DRILLS
1. Will you be home this evening? No, I won't. T: Bbi 6Yll,eu: JIOMa cerOll,lIJi BeLjepoM? s: Hh, lie 6yll,y.
2. Will you be working tomorrow? Yes, I will. T:
Tw
6Y.aeWb pa66TaTb JaoTpa?
s: .D.a. 6YJJ.Y·
T: Oller 6Yll,eT ll,OMa cerOll,lISl BC'lCpOM?
T: CeKpenlpb 6Y/teT paooT3Tb JaUTpa?
S: Hh, He 6Y,uer. (Olll1, Tbl, TBOH 6paT, B3llJa cecrpa)
s: )la, 6Y,uer. (Jl"3
CTyJJ.ellTKa,
Bbl, Mbl, BaWII
TOOapHl1tll, aaXTep)
3. What are you going to do, drink tea? Yes, we're going to drink tea. T: 4TO Bw 6YHere HenaTb, min. 'faii? s: .D.a, MW 6y,ueM min. 'tliii. T: 4T1J aM 6Y.aeTe .aenaTb, TaHUea3TL?
s: .D.a, MW 6y,ueM Tauuesan.. (nHean. CO'fHHeHHe, 'tHTaTb CTUX",
roaopHTL
C
HUMH, )KJtaTb CCKpeT3pJl,
CJIywaTh nCKlVut, 06e.aaTb B peCTopallc)
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
1. I didn't ask aboutthat.
I wOIf't ask about that.
Jt
06 :lTOM He cnpaWHOaJI. S: Jl 06 nOM He 6y,uy cnpallltman.. T: Qua 06 iTOM lie cnpawHaana. s: OHli 06 ::¥rOM He 6Y.aer cnpaWHUn.. (TbI, Mbl, Oll, Bbl, OHH, y'tHTeJlhlUlLta, npo
3. We drank tea. We'l/ drink tea. T: Mw mimi 'taii. s: Mw 6Y.aeM min 'faM. T: Tw min '1aii. s: Tw 6Y,ueun. min. 'Iii. (OHM, abl, alia, OIl, JI, M)')K H ",ella. MOil cecTp3, Moii TOOapHllt, CTyHclITbI, 3TOT nape"b)
216
~N
10
2. I didn't think about that. I won't think about that. T: Jt 06 jTOM ue .nYMaJI. s: It 06 :hOM He 6YJJ.Y JJ.YMan. T: Bw 06 nOM lie JIyManH.
s;
BbI 06:hOM He 6YlleTe AYMaTb. (OHH, Mbl, Tbl, Jl, )f(ella, MOll TOaapllutH)
• QUESTION·ANSWER IJRILLS
I. Who'll be there? Volodya?
2. What will you be doing? rll be reading.
Yes, Volodya will be there. T: KTO TaM 6rAeT? Bono.lUl? S: )la, TaM 6YACT BomJ,!JJI. T: KTO TaM 6YAef? CTy.o.CHTbI? S: .lla, T8M 6yAYT CTYACHTbI. (MapHJI, saw 6p3T, )"iHTeJUI, TROll TosapUUVI, npo.n3BlUHI.(hI, 3H1Ja)
T: 4TO Bb! GYJIeTe JIclIan.? s: st 6YAY oomin.. T: 4T6 all 6YAeT JJ,enaTb? s: On 6yJJ,eT "lHTlin.. (OHH. Mhi. TW, olla. TBOH TOBapHlU. CTy.nCIITbI. TOOR cecTp3)
3. Will you drink tea? No, / won't.
4. Will you be dancing? Yes. / will. T: Bbl 6Y.nCTC TaHUCOaTh?
T: Tbi 6Y.lleWb miTh 'faH?
S: Hh, tie 6YJ1.Y.
s: .lla, 6j.ny,
T: QHa 6Y.neT miTb 'fa""
T: Olla GY.neT TaH1l,eaaTb? s: 6y,a,eT.
s:
HCT, He 6Y.lleT, (10.11.1, OHH, on, 81.1, TROH T08apHllt, napUH,)"UJTeJU:,HHllbI)
,l(a.
3TH
TOBapHlU. cecTp3, rpYlHHhl, 3TOT
(Tltl, MhI, CTyACIITbI, TOOM
YXpaHHlUtI,
TBO~
napeHlt)
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. rm reading War and Peace.
rll be reading War and Peace. T: s: T:
R IJIfT3.IO .BOHuY
H
/l.Utpt.
st 6yAY "lmn. ccBoiiuy R Mifp,., Ou
'fHT3.er .BOHHj II MHpt.
s: Ou 6yJJ,eT "lKT8.n. ccBoiiuj U M"pn, (ol-m, Mbl, Tbl, Olla,
CTy.ll.CIITbl,
Bbl,
MOH
2. Whol were you doing? Whol will you be doing? T: 4T6 BbI .nenanH? S: lfT6 .bI 6j.nen Ae.nan.? T: 4TO SbI IlHcA.nH? s: 'ho Rbi 6jAeTe utlc8n., ('lHTan". rIOKynanH. mum. cnpaWHSaJIH)
TOUapl-ll.U)
3. We're silting by Ihe window. We'll be sitting by Ihe window.
4. 2ina's al Ihe dance. 2ina will be at Ihe dance.
OKua. s: Mw 6YlleM CII,lI,en. y Otma, T: A CHJKy Y OKHa. s: st 6y AY cttJ],en. Y OKlta.
T: 3uHa lIa T3H@X.
T: MW CHJJ.HM Y
(01111,
K03110B,
KaTH, Tbl,
Bbl, c-rYJICH*
TKII, OH)
s: 3Htta 6j.neT Ha l'iHQax. T: Olll' lIa T3Hl\ax. s: 011" 6Yl.yr Iia TIlHltQX. (Hawil napmt, ~, MhJ., BOITO./VI Hero
Toaapmu)
5. He was at the library. He'll be at the library. T: On 6bui B 6H6JlHOTtKC. s: 6n 6y,a,eT • 6H6nHOTCKe.
T: Bbl
Gbl1H1
a
GHGlIHOTeKC.
s: Bw 6j.nen B
6H6JIHOTCKe. (aee np<$eccopa, 3Ta CTy.nCHTlCa, CTy.nCIIT, 10.11.1. OHn)
~,
3TOT
LPSSON 10
217
DISCUSSION
As in the past tense, the imperfective and perfective aspects are sharply contrasted in the future. The imperfective future is used to describe future activity not specifieally marked off in time, or activity expected to occur more than once in the future. Thus the focus is on the activity as a process or recurring phenomenon. Th.is type of future is formed by means of the future of 6brrb plus the imperfective infinitive. The perfective future, on the other hand, describes future activity of a more concrete, realizable nature. It focuses on the completion or accomplishment of the activity, and it concerns itself more with the result than the process. It is a simple form, structurally like the present tense and employing the sa":le personal endings as the present tense. EXAMPLES
tPFY l-1JT
R 6y~y .o:jMaTh 06 :hOM.
PFV FUT
R nO.IIYMatO 06 :hOM.
IPFY FlIT PFV l--UT
IPFY FUT PFV FUT
I'll be thinking about it. I'll think about it or I'll think it over.
Mbl 'lTO-HH6ym, 6Y.o:eM .o:enaTh. Mbl '1TO-HH6y.o:b cllenaeM.
We'll [be] doling] something. We'll do something or We'll get someth.ing done.
QRK 6Yll)'T Mooro cnpaUlltaaTb. QIlIf cnpocslT 06 :hOM.
They'll ask a lot of questions. They'll ask about that.
In short, the imperfective aspect emphasizes the "doing," whereas the perfective emphasizes "gctting the thing done."
KYlla and rile: directional versus locational concepts Ky)];3. Dbl cnernine? - ,lI,oMoii. r.o:e Dbl 6bUlH etcb lleHb? - ,lI,OMS. Ky.o:3. Olla H,1J;eT? - Qm\ H,l],eT liS no1fT)'. r)];C OHa? - Qua Ha nO
'HlUt CfOAA.
6" 3Jl,Ccb.
Where are you hurrying to? Home. Where have you been all day? At home. Where's she going? She's on her way to the post office. Where is she? She's at the post office now. Let's go to the club. There'll be dancing at the cJub. I don't want to go there. Who'll be there? Come here. He's here.
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that the distinction between "directional" and "Ioeational" concepts in Russian is observed both in the adverbs and in the ease system. 218
LESSON JO
• CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRIll
Where's she going? To the park.
T: (miplC)
Ky.nA OHa HJJ,er?
"
8 uapK.
T: (miplC)
Cae OHa 6b1J1a?
s:
8 napKe. Kyna 8b1 Hltcre?
(MaraJI1Il)
(M3ra3l1u) (Jla60paTopWl) (na60paTOplUI) (Ja80.a) (,..60)
rDe OHa pa66TaCT?
(no'ITa) (no'lTa)
Ky.nA nowen J.1eaH? rDe OH renepb?
(6H6JlHOTiICa)
KYDa OHa cnewHna?
(6H6JlHOTeKa)
Cae
rJJ.e BLI DocTanH KQCT.oM? KYJJ.a
BM cncwiITe?
KYDa OH nowful?
r.ut saw
QHa
MY.?
Tcnepb?
• RESPONSE DRILL
He was at the club. Where? T: 0H 6blJl B KJlj6e.
A nou.rtY B Manl.3lt.tI.
S: r.~?
nOHAeM B 6H6nMoRICY.
T:
On
cneWHn ua o6en.
Mhi cneWHnH lIa pa66Ty. A ocni.SJ.IJI ceO" nopT
0K Ja6hln
S: Ky,a,a?
R .nYM3K> nOHTi'f B
KHIIO. OIl" 6Y.nyr T3nUeBan, B KnY6e.
R 3a6hui CJJoaapb 8 CTonOaou. OK" KJIYr DOMOH. • STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
2. I'm at tl·ork.
I. He's here.
He"s coming this way (or here). T: 0H 3ll;ecb. s: On ~e-r CIOAA. T: OU ua pa66-re. S: OH M,.lJ.CT Ha pa6OTy. (ou B 6H6nHOTeKC, ua KOHuep-re, 311ecb, TaM,110Ma)
l'm on my way to work. T: A tla pa66re. s: A
HJJ.Y
Ha pa61hy.
T: .s1: Ha ypOKe.
s: A HJJY"8 yp6K. (Ha JaBODe, lIa nOlfTe, ua nCXLtHH, tla co6paHHH, Ha cnyx6e, Ha JIOaMCtlC, tla 06eDe)
3. He's going to town. He's been in town. T: 0" H.O.CT B rOpoA. s: 0" 6biJi B ,'6poJl,e. T: Oli H.O.eT B Mara3"H.
s:
0" 6hui
B
Mara3Hue.
(8 rYM, B wKony, 8 6H6J1HOTeICY, 8 ytmBcpclfTeT, B KHIIO, B Kny6, B 06we-
J«HTHe) L.ESSON
10
219
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. He's already been downtown. Fm going downtown flOW. T: 6n YJKC 6bJJl B ropo,Lte. s: TeuepL Ii H~ B ropo,D;. T: 611 YJKc 6hW Ha pa66Te. s: TeuepL Ii HJti' ua pa60T)'. (a 6H6mfOTeKe, Ha 3aBO,lJ,C, H3 ypOKe, B llIXOJle, n3 3K33MCHC, B 06me:lKHTHI1, B rYMe, n3 co6paHHH)
3. Its time to go to school. Well, here we are at school already. T: nopa HJtTlI B lllXOJlY. s: Hy sOT, MY p>e B UlKOJte.
2. / forgot my briefcase at the library.
I'm going to the library. T: R 3a6bJJI nop-repeJlh B 6H6JlHOTCKe. s: H HAY 8 6H6J1HOTeKY. T: R 3a6hlJl nOpnfK:Jlb B ymmepcHTbe. S: H HAY 8 ymmepcHTeT. (B UlKOJIe, B rYMe, BMara3HHe, B o6me:lKHTHI1, Jl,OMa, 8 ropcOBeTe) T:
S:
nopa H.ilTIl H3 pa66Ty. MbI y'lKe U3 pa66-re. (B 6H6J1HOTeKY, B )'lIHBepcHTeT, B Ma· raJHII, Ha CllYJK6y, Ha no'lTY)
Hy BOT,
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
Was he at home? Yes, but where were you? T: 6R 6bJJl ,D;6M3 ? s: )],8, a r JJ,e Rbi 6W1IH? T: 6R cnewH.f1 Ha o6e.ll? s: )],8, a KYAli w.i coemliJIH? 611 6w.n B KHRD?
611 cncuntJl B KHH61 6R 3T<) CnhllllaJI BmKOJlC? nowen B lllIC6JlY? 6R no 'JHT*," B 6H6JlHOTCKe? 611 CDelllH.rl B 6H6J1HOTeKY'? 6n 6bJ1J B napKe '? 6n nOUIell 8 mlplC?
611
DISCUSSION
The distinction between where to and where at is observed both in the adverbs (KyJJ,a versus r.ue; .uoMoii versus .uoMa) and in the case system. For example, prepositions Band Ha musl be followed by the accusative if destination is involved and by the prepositional if only location is involved. I. Ky.u8 question with destinational (where to) adverb or accusative case in the answer:
KYAIi BW Hltere? - nOMOH. -B ""l'6. - Ha nO
Where are you going [toJ1 Home[wardJ. To the club. To the post office. To school. To work.
2. ritC question with locationaJ (where at) adverb or prepositional case in the answer: rAe BW 6WM? - nOMa. - B K,rry6e. ~ Ha no'JTC. - B lllKOJle. - Ha CJI)IJK6e.
220
LESSON
10
Where were you? At home. At the club. At the post office. At school. At work.
TYPE! OF VERB
KEY QUESTION
TYPE! OF ADVERB
CASE REQUIRED AFTER
WORD
BAND Ha
destinational e.g. It.lrnf, nouTH, cnewHn.
KYJl8
rue
locatwnal rirb, CHllCn., paOOTaTh e.g. 6brTh,
accusative
deslinational nOMoD, TY.Q3,
CJOAA
Ita no'tTy, 8 UlIony
locational JJ.oMa, T3M, JJJ.6cJ,.
Ha
prepositional nO'fTe, 8 WKone
4TEHI1E H nl1ChM0
- tT~
.fiu.I- fa
~
HA--
~ (' -~ ~ ~• ..flu ~
~~?_(/~"~lk~:'.%N~ ~ ~?- ~ ~. a:Il ~ 'f fVM-
rJirm- .mr-
.w.I{. ('
-.1t«--
~ ~.
LESSON
10
221
~ .9fhOift- ~ ~ ~-51~ J<- ~ -e f
r.vur ~? -~, t-
r4
-~ ~ ~ t ~ ?aftun- ~.-no-CM-
-
~ ~
.e 1C«i
~ ~ ,,~
~2_~. y~
+nM
'1diur
~:' -
<-<-
Cfuw-
m.a-.u.-~?
.j)om.
4CQA(.
! Xa--
~1"F~.
- 3wut-, ~ ~ l ::ffiur ..-, ~ -«.. ~ -t.
t.urr=
-
Bbl He 3HaCTe. CTonoe3S1 Y)i(C OTKpbIT3? -
ccrO,lUUI Ha
o6e.a:? Haocpuo,
HO 60JlbWe neT. -
-
K3K Bcer.o,a, lUH? -
Aa,
H SI Y)l(C noo6en3Jl. -
A
'HO 6b1JlO
,ll,a, UHl 11, KQUC'IHO, Kawa. bblJIa pbl6a,
BOT nOC3}.l;a! J,:{a:lKc ",O,TH lie XO'ICTCJl.
3HHa, nO"lCMy 1'bl Bee BpCMSI CHllHWb .llOMa? -
A
Ky.o.a 3,lleCb MOjKlIO nOAHt? -
B KJly6e CKy'lHO. - HeT, He Bcer.aa, B nSlTHHu,y GYAyT T31J1lbi. moGmo.
Kny6, B Inmo. -
B
A 31'0
npyr6e .ne.no. TaHUC83Tb SI -
-
KHpHJIJl,
.ll.a,
no
Mbi '13CTO
31'01 -
31'0
wumn, CTYllCUT 113
o6eAacM BMccre B CTOnOOO". -
XO
-
Ha30BHTe JlHH McneIlH. -
AMCpHKH. -
Tbl JllalWM C HI1M?
011 XOpoWH" napeUb? -
Lla.
O'fCHb.
KOHC'fHO. SYll.Y O'lCHb pan.
)lHH HCJJ.eJ1H: nOHC,ltCnbHHK,
TUITHItll.a, cy660Ta, BOCKpeceHbe. ~ KaKoH cerOJl"" AeHb? -
BTOP"MK, cpeJla, '1eTBepr, CerOJlH$I cpena. -
KaxoH
nellb 6blJ1 B'l'epa? B'Iepa 6blJ1 BTOP"HK. - A KaKoH neHb 6yneT 3aBTpa? 6yneT 'l'eTBepr. - A nOCJleJ3BTpa? - nOCJIe3aBTpa 6YAeT n$lTHHll.a.
JaBTpa
222
LESSON 10
R XO'fy noiint a KIlHO. R cnpOCll1l3, 'ITO 1111eT a KI1110 11 y3llan3, 'fTO H,O,eT (,BOHH3 H MHp)). 51 Y)f(e IHllIeJIa 3TOT
Y K03J1ooa u ero Toaapuwa B '1eTSepr 3K3aMeHbl. OHI1 aee YTPO CI1Ael1l1 B 6u6Jl110TeKe. Ceii'lac OHI1 I1AYT B pecTOpaH. nOCJle o6eAa OHH omlTb noii.a.yr a 6H6JlI10TeKy. R cnpocHJI TOBaplfwa. rAe MO)f(HO .QOCTaTb aMepuKanCKIfH CJl0Bapb Be6cTepa. Oil He 31fan. Mbi cnpoClflll1 8 611611HOTeKe, HO TaM TaKoro CJl08ap~ He 6b1110. Tor.Qa Mbi cnpocH11H 8 M31-a3HHe Ha yrny, HO TaM TO>Ke He 6blno. Ii npoAaBUlHu.a He JllaJla, rJ:l,e ero MO:;KHO KynHTb. HHKonaii H raJI}l secb AeHb CHJJ,enH 8 6H6J1HOTeKe. OHH 6blJ1H O'lellb rOnOAlfbL OIiH XOTeJlH noo6eAaTb B CT011080ii, HO TaM 6WI1 T011bKO 60PUl " Kawa. TorAa HIiKonaij H raJlJ1 nownH B pecTopaH.
I..ESSON I0
223
LESSON
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
B KHHO kind, good Good evening. . Good evening, Zina.
.aOOPblH 1100PblH se'fep. ,llOOpwH ee..ep, 3M"a.
*
One,.! Bw 'fT6 TjT lIenaen:?
Wbat are you doing here? Oleg! Wbat are you doing here?
KapnfHa (gen pi npnfH) na Kapnrna A XO'fy nOCMo-rpeTb :hy KapTiluy, A TO)l(e XO'fy nOCMOTpC:Th :hy KapnlllY· .ua SOT [d~vot] ,lla BOT To*e XO'iy nOCMOrpen. :7ry KapTHIIY·
picture tbjs (or that or the) picture I want to see this picture. I, too, want to see the picture. well, why Why, I want to see the picture, too.
Dbi 'fTO
11
ll,enaeTe?
Is that so! xo.ultTb (11) XO)Ky, XOlVlT Dw miKor.aa He xo.uHTe 8 KI1HO. A II .ayMaJI3, 'fTO 8b1 II11Kor.ll.3 lie x01UlTe
to go, attcnd I go, they go You ncver go to the movies. BUI I thought you never went to the movies.
8 KIIIIO.
As you see, I do. BCTpCnlTb (prv II) UCype'fy, BCTptrHT
A BaC SCTpeTHJI. y.na'f3 BOT y.na'fa J.1 sOT yaha -
eac BC'I"piTIIJl.
KfuKJJ.b1H Dbi Mewi BH.!lHTe KfuKD.blH
nO'IeMy ywi'la?
Obi Me.lli aliLJ,KTe KlhtcJ:u,Ui
)leMb.
11a,
110 H3
.aeHb.
)allJITUJlX.
to meet, encounter I'll meet, thcy'll meet I met you. luck, good luck what luck, what a lucky break And what a lucky break-I've met you. each, every You see me every day. Why is it a lucky brC'dk? You see me every day. Yes, but in class.
225
1l0rOBOpIITb (pfv II) 1l0roBopfb, noroBopkr He 1l0rOBOpHWb TaM fie noroBopHWb. D.li, HO ua 3auliTMflX, Ti.... He noroeopMun..
A
0
'!el\ol
*e Rbi xontTe noroBOpiiTb?
Muoroe ce6.li o ce6e
ce6e HallpllMep 0
HanpHMep 0 Rae, 0 ce6e.
ycnhb (prv I) ycnc.o, ycneloT He ycneeM. BpeMCHH HeT He ycneeM, BpeMeHH HiT. OTKPblB3Tb (I) oTKpblBafO, OTKpblRalOT
YJKe D.Rep" oupbloalOT.
He ycneeM,
And what is it you want to talk about? many things, lots of things About a lot of things. oneself (ren pron) about oneself about you, about myself for example For example, about you, about myself.
o MHOroM. o sac,
to talk (a bit), have a talk I'll have a talk, they'll have a talk one can't talk, you can't talk (lit, you won', talk) You can't talk there, Yes, but [only] in class, You can't [reallyJ talk there.
Y*e ll8kptr
OpeMCHM .reT.
on:pW8HJOT.
to succeed, manage, make it I'll manage, they'll manage We won't succeed or We won't be able to. there's no time We won't be able to [because] there isn't time. to open I'm opening, they're opening They're opening the doors already. We won't be able to [because] there isn't time. They're opening the doors already.
SUPPLEMENT
onbnblBaTJ. (I) onhllblBaIO, OnaJllbIBaIOT
Bh.i BcerD.a on8.JllblBaCTe. OnOJAaTb (pfv I) on03AalO, OnOJAalOT
Ii on03Aa.n(a) HJBIUlIITe, 'fTO R On03D.:l.u(a). 1l0'fb
(0
1I0
cnOKOHfUol" CnOKOHHOH HO'!H! I
IlrpaTb Bh.i Hrpae-re Bh.illrpaeTe Bbi IIrpaere Bbl IIrpaeTe Bbl IIrpaeTC
B (plus ace) B dpTbl? [ftelJis] B ¢lYTooJl? (fTudbolJ B 6dic60JI? [vbejzb61] B
TenIlHC?
B
XOKKeii?
[fxa~ejl
BeCHa
Bh.i 6YACTe TaM BCtO DecHy? BC(;HO"
to come late, to be late I come late, they come late You always come late. to be late I'll be late, they'll be late f'm late, I was late Excuse me for being late. night at night quiet, calm, serene Good night! to play (a game) Do you play cards? Do you play tennis? Do you play soccer? Do you play baseball? Do you play hockey? spring Will you be there all spring? in spring
, C_Oiaoi - - . like --0 xopOmcro, is in the ptive case. This is usual wilh fareo.vells and wishes for bapplncss..
226
LESSON
II
In spring we often play tennis. summer Will you be there all summer? in summer In summer we often play baseball. in winter In winter we often play hockey. in autumn In autumn we often play soccer. soon They'll soon have maps in the store.
BeCIIOH Mbl 'laCTO I1rpaeM B TCHHHC, nCTO Bbl 6Y.aeTC nlM BCe mho? JICTOM )1CTOM Mbl 'Iac-ro HrpaeM B 6eHc66ll. JIlM6H 31lMOii Mbl '1aCTO .lrpaeM B XOKKCH. 6ceHblO 6ceHblO MW '1aCTO IlrpaeM B 4JyroOll.
ClCOpo B M3raJHlle clC6po 6ynYT Kl.
B KHHO Oner
)l;06PbtH se'l.ep. 3m.3!
*
3MH3
2 Oncr! Bbi 'ITO
Oner
3)l;a BOT TO)ICe xO'ly nOCMOTpeTb :hy KapTMHy.
3HH3
4 BOT K3x! A R .ll.yMana, 'ITO BLI HHKOr.ll.3 He XOAHTe B XHH6. 1 • 1
Oner
5 KftK BMAJlTe, XOlKY. H BOT y,ltaqa -
3MHa
6 nO'ieMy Y.ll.3
Oller
7 ,Ua, no H3 JaHRTHu. TaM
3uHa
8 A
Oner
9 0 MHO rOM. Hanpl1MCp
NOTES
0
.ll.e.naeTe?
He
sac
BCTpeTHJI.
norOBopUWb.
lfCM :lKe BbI: xoTkre norOBOpHTb ? 0
sac,
0
eeoc. J
Note that in a subordinate clause, Russians usc the present tense if the present tense is really meant. Compare the English, / thought you neyer weill to the mOYies, where a past tense verb went is required because it is preceded by a past tense verb rhought in the main clause. The Russian past tense is only used to describe events in the past that no longer occur in the present. sI .aYM8J18, 'ITO Rbi HHKorJUi lie XO,AHJIH B KHUll would mean / thought you Neyer used to go (or had gone) to the movie.!>'. Activities begun in the past and continuing in the present require the present tense in Russian. For example: I
Bw ,ttaBHo J,ttCCb )KHBeTe? A. J.neCb pa66T3.JO C 6ceHH.
Have you been living here long? I've been working here since fall.
~
XO.ruh'b differs from IIl(lli in that it describes the activity of going in general terms, to go or to at/end, whereas H,LtTIi is more specific and means to be going or to be on one"s way Compare with
~ XO)Ky
.H
ua c06pil.nHg,
It,nJ Ha c06paHHe.
I go to the meetings (I attend meetings). I'm going to a meeting (I'm on my way to a meeting). LESSON II
227
With such adverbs as "aCTO, peAKO, HHKorna, and NHOrJIJi, the verb XO,rofn. is normally used: BY ..aCTO xO./DfTe B napK? Do you often go to the park? ) Note that the reflexive personal pronoun ce6e (rather than ~) must be used here since the subject of the sentence and the object of the preposition 0 are the same: ..sf He XO'ly roaopkTl,
0
ce6e.
I don't want to talk about myself.
The single form ce6e can refer to any of the personal pronouns:
Om1 AYMaeT
ce6e. OHM ,DjMaJOT TOm.KO 0 ceW. Bbi .QjMaere TOIlbKO 0 ce6e. TonhKO 0
She thinks only of herself. They think onJy of themselves. You think only of yourseJf{or yourselves).
Ce6i has no nominative form. It is usually cited. in the accusative-genitive form «6li. 4 U one is late to a motion-picture performance, be win not be allowed to enter while the picture is being shown; nor is it customary to leave before the picture is over. If this were done at a play, it would be considered uncultured HeKyJlbTYPHO.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
Hi
, nOcne
Hy dK? noupaaHThCSI (pfv 11)1 K8K? nOHpUK.IIOCb? Ta~OH
>1 TaKMX kapTHH Cute He BHnena. OtteHb. A nlllaD. t.-apnlH eme He BH.neJ1a.
KHHO
well, how about it? to like (iii. to appeal to) Well, how about it? Did you like it? such, so, like that I haven't seen any pictures like that before. Very much. I haven't seen any pictures like that before. Neither have I or Same here.
TOJlCTO" (gen sg TOJlCToro) nOHHMlUtHe .sf ue o:ll7Knan nur::oro nOHHM:iHH. ToncrOro. )t He O~ OT aMepMriHues TaK6ro
00flJt\t&an TOJICTOro. HrpATb (I) KTO Hrpan HaT3.wy? HM$l (gen and prep sg HMeHH, nom and ace pI HMella, gen pi HMeH) ..sf 336buta HMJI. A ..., ,6 KJ1nin Harimy? A 386W.'1a liM•.
Tolstoy understanding I didn't expect such understanding of Tolstoy. I didn't expect such understanding of Tolstoy from the Americans. to play Who played. Natasha? name, first name I forgot the name or I've forgotten the name. But who played. Natasha? I forgot the name.
, The verb ~ is a rdkxive verb which is typically U5ICd in constructions requirin, lbc dative case. The form ..pUa.'JOQ, is neu!cr put. lense, and it may be literally traMlatq;:l as if ap~/td Of if moth Q !a'ltN'obk impression.
228
LESSON II
to remember I remember, they remember I don't remember her name either.
nbMIIHTb (II)
n6MIUO, nOMH}lT B TOjKe HMetuI He UOMIIIO.
to pronounce, say I'll pronounce, they'll pronounce one can't pronounce, you can't pronounce (lit. you won't pronounce) They have Dames you can't pronounce.
BbiTOBOpHTb (prv II) BbiToBOPJO, BbiTOBOP}lT
lie BblTOBOPHWb y tuIx H.\teH3 -
He SblroBopHllth.
AMepKK8.lUD>I He MOryr sbiToBOPHTb
pyCCKHX
Americans can't pronounce Russian names.
HMeH.
A llMepllriHuw, Ha:sepao, pycc,,"1IX "-\tea He lUOryr shiroaopMTb.
Americans probably can't pronounce Russian names either.
HaSepHO.
Probably.
BbI '1aCTO xo,zU:lTe B KHHO KnK 8 Kny6 '1 C"a"'IiTe, SLI lIaCTO X6~HTe 8 KHlfO HnH B
Do you often go to the movies or to tbe club? Tell me, do you often go to the movies or to the club?
8
KHlIO -
.. aCTO,
a
B KJly6 -
Knj6?
To the movies, often; but to the club, no.
HeT.
to dances, to a dance unless maybe Unless maybe to a dance.
Ha T3.HUbl
p,'1JBe 'fTO [razyi~t:;)J 'fTO Ha riHQw.
PliJBe
Then you like to dance? Xol"liTe uorn
S
cy666ry?
,
Do you want to go Saturday'! I'd be glad to or I'd love to.
JlOTOaopHn.cR (pfv II) JJ.OTOBOpHnHCb
lHli'fMT,
~orosoptimtc ...
to agree, come to an understanding we've agreed. it's agreed, it's a date Then irs a date.
SUPPLEMENT
¢laMHnKSI KfIK BaWa $aMHnHSI ? - MoA ¢laMHlIHSI neTpon. Kb Bawe HMSI? - Moe HM1l neTp. HMlI H 6T'fecTBO Kb Barne H:WI H OT'IecTBO 71 -Moe HM}I H OT'lecTBO nihp l1BaHOBH'I.
JUno (I) 30By. JOBYr Kh BaC 30BYr? -
MeHM 30BYr IiopHC neTp6BH'f OpnOB.
I
last name, family name What's your last name? My last name is Petrov. What's your first name? My first name is Pyotr. first name and patronymic What are your first name and patronymic? My first name and patronymic are Pyotr Ivanovich. to call I call, they call What's your name? (Lil. What do they call you?) My name is Boris Petrovich Orlov.
Russians u$U3..l1y omit tbe conjunction _ in speech.
LESSON 11
229
nOCJIe 1<""0 OJlt~r
I Hi dK?
3uHa
2 OlfeHb.
Oner 3 3HH3
OOHpaeKJIOCb 1 1
.st TaKHX KapTlf:u eme He BHne.n3.
Jt TO:llCe.
He
O:llCHJJ.a.n OT aMepHK3HlteS
4 Ali. A no HrpAn HaTftwy?
TaKOra
nOHHMaHHx
.st 3a6W3 "MX. 3,.
Oner 5 >t
TOlKe "MeHH He
3HHa
6 A
aMepUK3HUbi.
Ollef
7 HaaepHo. CKaJKHTe, BhI
3HIla
8 B KUUO -
Oller
9 Tax DbI JUo61ne TaHueBlln.? XOTihe noiiT" B cy666Ty?
3uHa 10 C
'faCTO,
n6MIDO_ Y
Hasepuo,
a
B
BHx HMeHa -
HMeR
pyCCKHX
..a.CTO
KJly6 -
TOJlCTOro. 2
He
He BwrOBopHWb. 5
MOryT
Bb.J.fOBOPHTb.'
XOAHTe 8 KKHO UJIH B K.JIj6?
RCT.
Pa30e 'fTO H3 T3.HUbl.
YAOOOJlhCTBHeM.
Qner 11 3H3.'1HT, .llOrOBopHJUtCb.
I The verb HpaSJITbCJI (perfective nOHpaBMTt.C1iI) is the usual word for to like and expresses a milder apprecialion Ihan mo6MT... which means both to like and to fOlie. In connection with something experienced for the first lime, upaBKT1>CJI, noupaBHTbeJI must be used: Hr, OOapSBHJlOCl.? Well, did you /ike it? JIJo6Hn. describes a stronger, more deep-seated emotion or attitude: A mo6.'UO nuuesan. rm lJery fond of dancing. In the sense of 10 love, only JD06Iin, can be used.
NOTES
1JIeB TOJJC'I"6H (1828-1910) is one of the major figures in Russian literature. His long novel «8oiiHa H MHP~) Wor and Peace was wriuen in the early 1860's. Notice that TOJ]CTOM is adjectival in its declension, e.g., TOJlcrOl"O (gen sg).
The noun HMJI, like BpeMiI and a handful of other Russian nouns with the nominative cnding in --Mil, is neuter. H~IH usually applies to the first name, but is sometimes used in reference to both first and last names, especially when speaking of prominent personalities. In asking a person's name, the adverb KaK is used: J
KaK BaWe HMJI? KaK Ballle HMJI H OT'fecTBO? KaK BaWa $aMHJnuI? KaK er6 30BYT?
What's your first name? What are your first name and patronymic? What's your last name? What's his name?
Note that Russians use the perfective past of certain verbs when, in corresponding situations, tbe present tense is more common in English: 4
.st 33.6blJl eC 1iMJI. .st On03,1:ta.'l, 113B}lHHre. Jl yeTM.
I forget her name or I've forgouen.... I'm late (fit. I came late). Excuse me. I'm tired or I've become tired.
'The second person singular perfective future without the pronoun TbI IS often used in negative constroctions in Russian to make a general or impersonal statement. In English this is normally expressed by you can', or one can't:
230
LESSON
11
Ha nCICu,HRX He norOBopHWh. Y HHx HMeHa - He BblroBopHWh.
You can't talk at lectures. They have names you can't pronounce.
, PyCCKKM is the only name for a nationality that can serve as both adjective and noun in Russian:
6" 6H
PYCCICHH, a He aMeplu:aHeu.. xopow6 3HaeT PYCCllHH 1I3blI.
He's a Russian, not an American. He knows the Russian language well.
Compare L\lepHKa..eu an American with L\lepKk-aaCKHii American in the following sentences: 6H aMepHKAHeu.
611 aMepHK3.DCKHH CTYACKT.
He's an American. He's an American student.
Remember that none of the words referring to nationalities is capitalized in Russian: PYCCI\HM, aMepHKiuCKHi, aMcpHKaHeu, aurmfliCI\HH. Only the names of countries are capitalized: COBeTCI\HH Colin Soviet Union, AMepHKa, AurnHJll, POCCHli.
Basic sentence patterns
_ _ _ _ aBT66yCOB.
There are a lot of professors Ihere. _ _ _ _ _ _ tables _ _ _ _ _ _ buses _
_ _ _ _ _ u6cJ.:OB. _____ Mara:UtHoB.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ newsstands __ _ _ _ _ _ _ stores _
_ _ _ KJIYOOB.
_ _ _ _ _ c1ubs
_____ 3aBOAOB.
_ _ _ _ _ plants _ _ _ _ _ _ atlases
I. TiM MH6ro UJ>04x::ccop6s.
_____ CTonos.
_ _ _ _ _ aTnacoB.
2. Y HaC ue-r KapaHJJ,aWeH. _ _ _ _ HOJKCH. _ _ _ _ iUUO'lCH.
_ _ _ melt _ _ _ _ cnoBapeH.
_ _ _ _ TeTpfuJ.Ci'i.
J. 3ACch He-r Kapnrn. _ _ _ KlUtr.
_ _ _ ..apT. _ _ _ _ ll1KOn. _ _ _ _ 6U6.rntoTeK. _ _ _ _ yqHrem.BUu..
_ _ _ 36pHI. 4. TAM He 6hUIO lCOp660x:. _ _ _ _ _ 001101'.
_ _ _ _ _ A0c6I:.
_ _ _ _ _ BKnOK.
_ _ _ _ _ nO:lKeiC. _ _ _ _ _ 'laweK.
We don't have any _______ _______ ______ ________ _______
_ _ _
pencils. knives. keys. schi. dictionaries. notebooks.
There are no pictures here. _ _ _ _ booh _ _ ____ _____ _____ _____ _____
maps _ _ Schools ~ libraries __ teachers __ faetories_.
There weren't any boxes there. _ _ _ _ _ _ shelves _ _ _ _ _ _ _ blackboards _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ forks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ spoons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cups _
LESSON II
231
TaM He 6blno pY
______ CO
There weren't any pens there. _ _ _ _ _ _ windows _ _ _ _ _ _ leiters
They didn't have any lectures. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ auditoriums. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ laboratories. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ classes. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ meetings. _________ dormitories. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ compositions. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ applications.
-- Her, li He a:yrni.n Jt::ocnOMa. 8b1 Kymi.nlt no-aapox'1 - Htr, li He a:ymi.n nOJlapn. 8b1 a:yrni.nH 'faH'1 - Htr, li He lCynHJI 'fb. 8b1 XynKnH cene.a.a:y'1 - Htr, Ii He KynHn ce.ne,llm. 8b1 a:ynKnH dpry'1 - Her, Ii He 1CynH.n xaPThl. 8bi Kynlinlt Te"r'p3.J.u. '1 -- Htr, Ii lie 1CynH.n TeTp:\.AH. 8b1 KynHnH MonoKo'1 - Htr, Ii He Kynlin Monad.
Did No, Did No, Did No, Did No, Did No, Did No, Did No,
you buy a suit? I dido't buy a suit. you buy a present? I didn't buy a present. you buy tea ? I didn't buy tea. yo.u buy herring? I didn't buy herring. you buy a map? I didn't buy a map. you buy a notebook '1 I didn't buy a notebook. you buy milk? I didn't buy milk.
7. 8b1 -aoeTinH wKa41bi? - HeT, Ii lie Jlocn\..n wKa$>B. 8w JlOCn\JlH hnacbl? - Her, Ji lie .aocT3..n aTnaCOB. 8w JlOCTMH KHHrH'1 - HeT, li lie .aOCTM KHHr. Bbl .aOCT{um KapniubI? - HeT, Ii He JlOCTan Kapnf:H. Bbl .aOCTanJI Kop06KH? - Htr, R He JlOCTM Iwp66oK. Dbl LlOCTanli nopT4Jemt'1 - Htr, li lie .nOCTM nopTtPCneH. Dbl -aOCTMH cnOBapU? - Htr, Ii He .nocn\..n cnoBapeH. 8bi .nOCTfUlH TeTp3..aH'1 - Htr, li He .aocn\..n TC"T'p3.neH.
Did No, Did No, Did No. Did No, Did No, Did No, Did No, Did No,
you get I didn't you get I didn't you get I didn't you get I didn't you get I didn't you get I didn't you gct r didn't you get I didn't
8. R He BH:lkY UO:lka.
I don't see any _____ ________ _____ _____
6. 8b1 a:ymi.nlt KocnOM'1
_ _ _ noP"1l>6>K. _ _ _ _ cnosapli:. _ _ _ _ iTnaca. ______ nJfCbMa.
232
U!SSON 11
_ _
the get the get the get the get the get the get the gct the get
cupboards? the cupboards. atlases? the atlases. books '1 the books. pictures? the pictures. boxes? thc boxes. briefcases '1 the brief~ases. dictionaries? the dictionaries. notebooks? the notebooks.
knife. briefcase. dictionary. atlas. Iener.
9. .sf He noKynin xne6a. _ _~ Monod. _ _ _ _ _ pW6bl. _ _ _ _ _ 6YMant. ______ MaTepHana.
I didn't buy any _____ _____ _____ ______
---_
_ _ _ _ _ 100.
....
Jt *n:i npo
10.
Mw XlteM Ow )l[J],eR
I'm waiting for Professor OrlOY. You're waiting focr _ He's waiting for _ We're waiting for _ You're waiting for _ They're waiting for _
_
_
0 .... lKJlYr -
_
.st er6 noJJ,oJlC..llj.
II.
I'll wait for him. You'll wait __. She'll wait _ _. We'll wait _ _. You'll wait __. They'll waiL...-.
To:. __ nOJ],O)KJl.eWb. Olla __ nOJJ,O)f()leT. Mbl __ nOJ],O)KJl.eM.
Do:. __ nOJ],olK,ll,ere. OIlH __ noJJ,oJK,AYr.
Jt npHuecY 06'11)'. Tw npHHecewb Ou npHHeeeT
12.
Mhi npHHeeeM npHHecCTe
J'II bring [in] the mail. I You'll bring [in] __. He'll bring (in] _ _ . We'll bring [in] _ _. You'll bring [in] __. They'll bring (in] __
_ . _
Ow
OIiH npHHecYr
_ _
Jt He ycnbo Ham{(:aTb nHCbMa. Tw He ycneeWb _
13.
14.
OH
He ycn6eT He yCDeeM He ycm~.ere Omt He ycnelOT
_
Mw Ow
_ _
Jt
.neHb.
OncPblBaJo 6lCHa K
TbJ: OncPblOaeWh OHa OTKpbleaeT MbJ OncpblOaeM Dbl oTKpbloaere OUH OnpblB3.lOT
_
_ _
_ _ _
15. KaK oAme m.u..?
- Moe 8:MJI Hm.:oJJaH. _ _ _ _ ram\Ha. _ _ _ _ MaplUr.
16. Kax sAma ¢laMH.nlUl? - Moli tfmMKnHJI neTp6s. _ _ _ _ _ _ neT'p6sa. _ _ _ _ _ _ Opn6B.
I
bread. milk. fish. paper. material.
I won'l ha ye time to write letters. You won't have lime _ He won't have time _ We won'l bave lime _ You won't have time _ They won't have time _ I open the windows every day. Youo~n __ She o~ns _ We open _ You o~n _ They open _
What's your firsl name? My first name is Nikolay.
_ _ _ _ _ Galioa. _ _ _ _ _ Maria. What's your last name? My lasl name is Petrov. _ _ _ _ _ _ Petrova. _ _ _ _ _ _ Orlov.
Notice that IJ600rnl means mail as wdl as posl offiCI'.
LESSON II
233
My last name is Orlova. _ _ _ _ _ _ Kurochkin. _ _ _ _ _ _ Kurochk.ina.
- Mo.li
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BnaJJliMHp H.BaHOBIf'f. _ _ _ _ _ _~_ 3HHaH..a.a neTpOBHa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I1pHna MHXaHnOBHa.
What are your first name and patronymic? My first name and patronymic are Pyotr Nikiticb. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Vladimir Ivanovich. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Zinaida Pctravna. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ irina Mikhailovna.
trPo, 3liHa! Jl,06PhIH Jl,eHh. 3HHa! Jl,06PhlH Be'fep, 3HHa! CnOKOHHOH nO'!H, 3Hlla!
Good Good Good Good
17. KaK BaWe HMJI. H OT'feCTBo? -
Moe HMH H OT'feCTBO nell> Hmnhwl.
18. LI;o6poe
19. 3WMOH MbJ 'faCTO HrpaeM B K3.pThI. BecHOH
_
6ceHbfO MbI pe.r:tKo IfrpaeM JIeToM
B
K
morning, Zina! afternoon, Zioa 1 evening, Zina! night, Zina!
In winter we often play cards. Inspring~ _ In autumn we rarely play cards. _ In summer
Pronunciation practice: double consonants Tn English double consonants are heard only~at a boundary between two words. Written double consonant letters within tbe word (as in Bill. hammer) are pronounced as single consonants. Compare
Will Lee go? Ann names. Kiss Sal.
with
Will 'e go? Ann Ames. Kiss AI.
In Russian, however. double consonants are heard not only across word boundaries, but also within words. Compare
[a-tt
with
[atAlJ.i] OT AnH from Anya [ivan:}]I1Bana of Ivan
Double consonants occur in Russian mainly at tbe point where a prefix or preposition joins the rest of the word. but they may also occur at other places within a word (e.g., [anna]). Note, bowever. that not every written sequence of two identical letters necessarily indicates a double consonant in pronunciation. Russians tend to pronounce many double letter sequences with a single consonant, especially in foreign-derived words. Thus, Ilpo4JecCOP and cy660l"a contain only single consonants in pronunciation. Usage varies in this respect. Many Russians pronounce rp,Yrma with a single [p], tbough orthographic handbooks prescribe [pp]. In rapid speech double consonants often tend to be replaced by single consonants. Sound Drill: Practice the Russian examples illustrating the contrast between double and single consonants, imitating your instructor (or the tape) as accurately as you can. Be sure to pronounce the double consonants as long consonants, without a break in the middle.
234
LESSON II
Intonation practice: review of rising and rising-faUing contours Reread the discussion on rising and rising-falling intonation contours in Lessons 7, 8. and 9. A. Review of questions with rising conlours (questions without a question word).
Oil :mecb" B6m:OB y ce6li., QHa 8 r6po.ne?
BJl:a.a.HMHp D8 pa66n:? flo"'KH B RlJ.(J1Ke?
A.TJl8C .aopor6H? OHl1 H8 co6paHHH?
0mi
CTy)];eIITK8?
ObI ):l;p,Y3bli? ABT66yc y;Ke ".neT? Ta.M 6blllO HHTepeeHO"
Tbl H,ll,eWb .nOMO"? OH nowen B Mara3HH? Rbi 6buIH 60JIbtW?
Rbi paoomere B ropcooe-re? Y Te6Ji TenepI. HCTOPIUI '"1 1?6pUl, )"ICe rOTo8? nOXICH }?KC H8
CTOne"
Db!: Y?KC noOOe}.la.nH"
Tw era 3HacUIb? DbI cnenurre II8 aBro6yc? TOBapHlJ.( A.n.cKceee y ce6li?
011 ceH'IaC B MocKBe? OHif era 30aK>T? 8bi 0 Heli CnI:dWMH" Omi ceH'IaC pa66-rae-r?
Is he here? Is Valkov in?
Is she in town" Is Vladimir at work., Are the spoons in the drawer? Is the atlas expensive? Are they at a meeting? Is she a student? Are you friends? Is the bus coming already? Was it interesting there? Are you going home? Did he go to the store '! Were you sick? Do you work at the gorsovet? Do you have history now'! Is the borsch ready yet? Are the spoons already on the table? Have you already eaten dinner? Do you know him? Are you hurrying to tbe bus '! Is comrade Alexeev in? Is he in Moscow now'! Do they know him? Have you heard about her? Is she working now?
B. Review of questions with rising-falling contours (questions without question words). OHa Kynll:na MaTeplUi.n., HpHHa omiTb 60nhHa? Y Hlix ecn, KOMHaTa ? OHti 6butH "a 3aHlITJUlX? OHa .nocnina CnOBapb? CTy.neHTbl y:manll 06 .:hOM?
Oner ,IIaBHO roneH? Y sac cerollHR 3",J3MCHb.I? Cawa 6bln B wKone?
Did she buy the material? Is Irina sick again? Do they have a room? Did tbey attend classes? Did she get hold of the dictionary? Did the students find out about it '] Has Oleg been ill long? Are your exams today? Was Sasha in school?
LESSON II
235
Omi )'lKe Kymi.na CJI0oaPb? 6nbnl neTpaOHa Omf1-b 6onbHa? MapHR HBaHOOHa 6b1na B rYMe? Y J.1BaHa H'o.:UIOOWla ecTh KaMHan? Bbi o'lepa CJIYwaIIH KOHllePT 1 Reo y.Ke nonY'lHn filICbM61 Oner y*e .naOHa ooneH? CT)'.neHThI }')Ke y:manH 06 nOM? OHa y>i
Has she already bought the dictionary? Is Olga Petrovna sick again? Was Maria Ivano\'na at GUM? Does Ivan Ivanovich have a room? Did you lislen to the concert yesterday? Has Lev already received the letter? Has Oleg been ill a long time now? Did tbe students already find out about it? Has she already submitted an application?
C. Review of emphatic statements with rising-falling contours. Oner .n&BHO 3.!l0p60! MiU:ta omin. 3Jlecb! Y He<: ecn. KaMHan! )KeHa OCerJl.8 .!lOMa! ORH He xo"riT 06c.!laTh!
Oleg has long since recovered! MBa is here again! She does have a room! My wife's always home! They don't want to eat dinner!
OHa )'JKC .!lOCT8J1a MaTepHan! HHHa YJKC nO,lUlJla JaJIBneHHe! Oner )')Ke DOJl)"flin nHCbMO! Bbi a HeH omin. Ja6buJH! Y lIJix yxc ecn. KOMHara! ToaapHllt AneKoCeB omm. He 06C.aaII!' IiH6JlHoreka .naBOO JaIlepri! Mbi 'jI.e cnpallllllUIJIH y Hero! A. YJKc IWDICa.!1 nHCbM6!
She already got the material! Nina already has submitted her application! Oleg's already receilled the letter! You forgot about her again! They already halle a room. Comrade Alexeev didn't have his dinner again! The library has long since been closed! We already asked him! I already wrote the letter!
• TRANSFORMATION DRILLS
Change the following emphatic statements (with rising-falling contours) to questions (with risingfalling contours on a higher pitch level). MflJTa ollliTb 3.!leCb! OHit 6btmt 0 MOCKoe! Y lice eCTb KaMHaTa! Kanl KynIi.na MaTcpllaJl! 311Ha acerJJ.a .nOMa! HHHa}')kC nOD,a.rta Ja$lB.tleUlle! SpaT Y'l'e nOCJ1M nHCbMO! TODapKl.U. B6.tlKOB omiTb OOJJeH! 6KHa y HHX ocer.aa JanepThl! Cecrpa pee nOJJY'lHna nHCbMO! Tbi BOJbMemb 3TH KHJl:rH!
236
LESSON
II
M iUIa omiTb Jtlecb? OIUJ 6b"11l11 D MOCKBC? Y nee CcTI> K6MHaTa?
Karl'! Kymina MareplJa.tl? 3ltlla Bcema .uoMa? HHHa Y'l'e nOtlana JaJlBneHlle? Iipar )')tie nOCJ1an ~"CbMO? TOBapllw B6nKOD omiTb GOneH? 6Kua y H(IX acer.na 3anepTbl? CecTpa )')tie nOJIY'lHna nHcbM6? Tbi B03bMemb 3nl: KHHrH?
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
The present-future of first conjugation verbs patterned like pa60T8Tb and HJlTli FIRST OONJUGATION PRESeNT-FUTURE ENDINGS
EXAMPLES
Mltl'li (ipfv) to
SINGULAR
PLURAL
be going
pa6clTaTb (ipfv) to work
-y or-K) --em.. (-ewb)
Kill'
pa66Ta1O
2
HJJ,ernb
pa66TaCUIb
3
-eT
(-"'J
""",
paOOTaCT
I 2 3
-eM (-eM)
HJ{eM
pa66racM
-en: (-CTe)
UJlCTe
pa66TaeTe pa60TaJOT
1
-YT
or -lOT
u.ajT
Note that the second person singular ending is conventionally spelled with a final-I. even though w is always pronounced hard. MODElS
I. First conjugation verbs which pal/ern like paooTaTb in the present-fulure:
LJTO Bha llenaeTf:?
- J1 HH'icro He JJ.MlUO. Bbi er6 31UieTe? -)la, ]Hi><>. o 'JeM Bbr aiMaeTc?
- .s1 J(jMalO 06 3lOaMcuax. Bbi
-
lIOHHMaeTe, 0 'feM ou
Hch,
rOBopth?
He nOllHMlbo.
Kor.na Bbl 3TQ
c!U~J1aeTe?
- >t :ho cniJJatO 3aaTpa. YTO Bbi ROKynlleTt?
- ..st
OOiCyoiJo MaTepUan ua lCocnOM.
Kor,l{3. 8bl ylWieTe 06 :hOM?
- .st
y3HalO nOCJIe33.Bl"pa.
4TO Db!: "DI'T1ie..-e?
- .st
'fJIT'liJO CTKXH.
rAe 8M cer6.a1Uf 06emurre?
- .sf ooe.aalO 8 CTOn080H:. Obi He ycnieTe lIa allT66yc. - Her, ycm?:IO. Kor6 BM mkWeTe? - .st O;QJl.8Jo APyra H3 MOCKBbl.
What are you doing? I'm not doing anything. Do you know him? Yes, I do. What are you thinking about? I'm thinking about the exams. Do you understand what he's talking about? No, I don't. When will you do this? I'll get it done tomorrow. What are you buying? I'm buying ma.terial for a suit. When will you find out about it? I'll find out the day after tomorrow. What are you reading? I'm reading poetry. Where are you eating dinner today? I'm eating dinner in the dining hall. You won't make the bus on time. Yes, I will.
Whom are you expecting? I'm expecting a friend from Moscow. LESSON I I
137
Bbl KI'paere B -reHHHC? - .Ll.a, Krp3.IO. Bbl He ouol.n;3.ere Ha KOHUepT? - Hb, He OUOl.n;alO. Bbi 'faCTO OU3.lJU>lB3ere Ha paooTy? - Her, HIHlKor.n;a He OmbJn,lBlUO.
Do you play tennis? Yes, I do. Won't you be late for the concert? No, I won't be late. Are you often late to work? No, I'm never late.
2. First conjugation verbs which pattern like HlJ;'rii in the present..j'uture: Will you be going to the theater tomorrow? No, I'll go the day after. Will you drop in at the library? Yes, I'll drop by there after classes. Whom are you waiting for? I'm waiting for Dleg. Are you going to go into the house? No, I'm not. Will you wait for me here? Yes, I will. Will you bring your dictionary? Yes, I will. Will you take these books? Yes, I will. Where do you live? I live across from the park .
Bbi nOM.1leTe 3aBTpa B rea-rp? - Her, H uoiiJ.tY nOCJleJaBTpa. Rbi :laM.1leTe B 6H6111ioTeKy? - )la, H 3a~ Ty.n;a nOCJle 3aBHndi. Kor6 Bbi ,...n;ere? - .sf. ,..Aj OlIcra. Bw BOH.n.C're B .n;OM? - HeT, He BOii,nj. Bbi MellH 3~ecb no.n;OiK.n;eTe? - )la, no.n;oJKJJ:Y. Rbi upHlleceTe CBO" CJlOBapb? - )la, UPHllecy. Bbl BOJbMC're 3HI KUHnl? - ):la, BOlbMy. rAe Bbl iKHBC're? - .R "'HBy npOTHB mipKa. • REPETiTiON
DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting the two types of verb patterns.
• SUBSTITUTION DRILLS I
I. I don', know.
Ji He 3HalO. Bbi He 3HaCTC. (Mbl, Tbl, MHlIa, CTYACHTbl, BbI,
$I,
aaxTCp)
3. Won't you be late to the concert? Tbi He on03.n:aellIb Ha KOHUepT? 8LI ue on03Af!.ere Ha Koun:epT? €Mbl, aHa, OUH, Tbl, l'I, Barn 6paT, BallIli .n;PyJbH)
2. She's rarely late to work. Omi pe,llKO Ona3/lblsaeT Ha pa66Ty. Bhi pe.aKo Ona3;:u.J.OaCre na pa66ry. (Tbl, Mbl, OUH, H. MItJla, BbI, TbI) 4. You won't make it to the bus on time. Bhi ue ycneere lIa aBT66yc. 00 He ycn6eT ua aBT66yc. (H, 01lH, TbI, oua, Mbl, rami, ahl, De'll)
5. In the afternoon we play cards. n6cJJe oGe.na MW HrpaeM B KaPTbI. IToCJle o6eAa oilli HrpalOl' B dpTbl. (H, BbI, ee .n;PY3bH, Thl, CTy.ll:CHTbI, MOH CCCTpa, MbI)
I Henceforth the drills will appear without the labels T (for teacher) and S (for student). In SubslilUtion Drills, the word 10 be replaced will be indicated by boldface type in the models; in all other drills, the student"s response appears in boldface.
238
LESSON 11
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
1. What's Oleg doing? He's reading a letter. l.Iro Oller JJ.e.naCT?
0"
'DmieT
2. When will you go home? I'm already on my way. Kor.na ThI: nOKn.CWb JJ.oMoii?
JI )'>Ke ..,yo
IDICLMO.
l.ITO ThI: ne.naellIb? $I 'Dmito IIHCbMO. (CTy.neHTlJ, )"IIITe.RbHUua,
)"IHTemi,
nponaBWJlua, Tbl, 01111, Bbl, ccKpeTapb,
Korn! 00 nOH.aeT nOM6ii? 6" )')ICe ll,11,h. (OHH. Bbl. aHa, CTyneuTbi. npoJlaBWHua, :rrn .neByuIDI. y60PUUfUa)
CTyneHTKu)
3. Where is your application? rll bring it right away. rt~e TBce 3aJIBJleHHe? $I ceii-tac uptrnecy.
r.ue ee 3
TBoe)
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. I waited a little. rll wait a little. R ueMHoro no.no"'Jl.an. $I HeMJiOro DOJJ.~. Om} ueMuoro nOJlo»C,nan3. OHa aeMBOro OOJlO*JliT. (Ml.l. au. 11>1. OHU, BbI, npoclJeccop, CTy.neHTbl. cecrpa. )"IIITeJUi)
2. What were you buying? What are you buying? liTO ThI nOKymin?
n:.
'fro DOKyIIliewL? 'fTO oua DO"YIIana?
lITo oua DOKy08eT? (Bbl. OU. OHII, MbI. Y'fHTeJlb. npo4)eccopa. Y'fHTe.RbHHua)
3. I'm on my way to a lecture. rll go to a lecture. . R H.LtY Ha neJ(Q.HlO. $I noiiAj ua llel\l.lHlO. 011 lJ,JJ.eT Ha nenuuo. 00 DOHner Ha neKIIHfO. (Mhl. aHa, Thl,
OHJI,
Bbl, H it
Moli
TOBapHllt,
y'UITCJTb)
• SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
L I'll bring coffee right away. Jl ceM..3C nplfHecY le6cpc:. )KeH8 ceii..ac npHHe<:eT Ie• • (6paT. OHU. MbI. HHHa H Kan-)
2. I'll wail/or him on the corner. Jl noJJ.o~ ero ua yrJrj. M.:i nOJJ.OJKACM era Ha yrnY. (MOM 6paT, pe6'1T3. TLI, 51, aHa, BJla,llHMHP, BbI, MbI)
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. I have to buy a couple 0/ things. I'll drop in this store. R nOJDKeH KOe-'fTO KynHTb. Jl :Jaw B :nOT Mara3Ku.
QHa ,lIOmma KOe-'no lCyml:Th. QHa :Jai.lteT B nOT ManuliH. (Mbi nOJDCUhI, OHH JlOJDCHbI, 011
.nOJDKeH,
51 nOJDI:Ha) LESSON II
239
2. J live near Ihe park. Da you /i}'e near Ihe park loo?
.sf lKHBy 6K01JO
o
Tw T6a'e.K6&J.a. OKOJlO oapKa? jf noxynaJO MaTepuan. Tw To-.:e DOK)'D8enu. ManptlliJl? jf .a.e.naJO yp6KU. .sf .QjMaJO 0 :samITWf)C jf )I(,[Ij .lJ.pYra. .sf 'urrfuo .BOHllY H MHp •. .sf lfrp{l.J() B ,.eIlHHC. .sf pa66TalO lIa $a6plfKe.
3. We'/I11link about it. Will you think about it loo? MbJ no.a.jMaeM 06 3TOM. Bw TOOKe ooJJ;YMaen 06 )YOM? MbI DO,QO)l(J],eM Ha yrnY. Bw Thee DOoollr:JliITe Ha ymy? MbI npuuecCM nO.a8pKu. MbI noli.a.eM It KHH6. Mhl B03bMeM TeTpaD.H. MhJ: BOli.a.CM B K6MHaTy. Mhl 3ali.a.cM B 6~16JJJIOTeKY.
DISCUSSION
According to the pattern of their present·future endings, most first conjugation verbs drilled and discussed SO far fall into two groups: I. Those like 1t..Itlli, with the written present·future stem ending in a consonant, to which the stressed endings -y, -eon., -n-, -eM, -he, -tr are added: JICll-y, )lC.lJ.-euu., I.A-er, Q-eM, JIC.D.-e-re, JKll-:fr. The stem consonant is hard before the endings of the first person singular and the third person plural, but is soft before the other endings. Compare [fdij I, [Mutl with [f~6SJ, [tc16tl, [fQom], [fQ6ti]. Other verbs which pattern similarly are nOHTH, BOHTH, no.noHTH, nOAOJlCllaTb, npHuecTH, B3ATb, )lCHTb. Note that in contrast with thc prcsent-future, the infinitive-past tense stem of the verbs in this group may be considerably differcnt. Compare )KHTb, )KHJJ with )KIlBy, JKlfBeUlb; and B3An., B3AJI with B03bMY, B03bMeWb. 2. Those likc pa6OTaTh, with the written present-future stcm ending in a vowel, to which the unstressed endings -JO, -eun., -eT, -eM, -eTe, -JOT are added: 'IHrl-tO, 'UtT3.-eun., 'Iuti-CT, '!uti-eM, '!uT3.-eTe, '!un-toT'! Other verbs which pattern similarly are .aYMan., no.ajMan., 3HaTb, y.JHaTb, .ne.nan., c.nen·aTb, nOlcynaTb, 06e.aan., noo!5enan., nOIIHMaTb, CJIjrnaTb, CDpalllHBan., mr:u..a:aTb.
The genitive plural of nouns The cndings of the gcnitivc plural present more complications than those of any other case. For this reason only the most basic ones will be trcated in this lesson. MODELS
TaM 6h'mo MHoro cry.a.eIlTOB.
_ _ _ _ _ _ npocj>e<:copOB. _ _ _ _ _ _ CTon6B. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ XUQcKOB.
_______ 3.TnaCOB.
___--==:------ nO.a8pKoB.
There were lots of students there. _ _ _ _ _ _ professors _ .
_ _ _ _ _ tables _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ newsstands_. _ _ _ _ _ _ atlases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ presents _ _.
'In struCluralterms. the prescnt-future stern ofsueh verbs aClually ends in the consonant sowuJ lil, which, as we know, is not written wilh an independenl symbol when it occurs between vowels. The soft-series vowel letters of the endings thus oonlain not only the ending, but also the final consonanl of the present-future stem, e.g., (~itflj-. ~it:l.j_u, ~iu'lj-utl. The imperative of verbs of this type is the one form in which the [jJ of the stem is represented by a separate IClIer in Cyrillic (-I), e.g., 'IHTiI! 'IHT{UiTe! cn~wHaaii! cnpAtuHBdTc!
240
LESSON
II
We don't have any _______ ______ _______ ______ _______
Y HaC HeT HOJKeH.
____ ____ ____ ___ ____
KapalutaWeH. 1U1IO'feH. TOBapHlUeH. nopnPen eH . enOBapeH.
knives. pencils. keys. friends. briefcases. dictionaries.
Tbt Mano asepeH. _ _ _ _ O'fepe:.aeH. _ _ _ _ Te'Tp8.a,eH.
There are few doors there. _ _ _ _ lines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ notebooks __.
Tax MHoro .aen! _ _ _ _ enos! _ _ _ _ KUHr! _ _ _ _ KapnfH! _ _ _ _ KOMHaT!
So many ____ ___ ____ ____
TaM MHoro OkOH. _ _ _ _ nHceM.
There are lots of windows there. letters _
Y Meml HeT ____ ____ ____
I don't have any ______ ______ ______ ______
SMOK. nOJIOK. no*eK. py'lelC.
_ _ _ oecrep. Y HaC Be 6bV1o JIelCLl,HH. _ _ _ _ _ _ JIa60paTopHH. _ _ _ _ _ _ aYJJ.HropHii.
_ _ _ _ _ co6pAHJril.
_ _ _ _ _ 06mCJKHTHH. ______ 3aHkrHH.
things to do! words! books! pictures! rooms!
forks. shelves. spoons. pens. sisters.
We didn't have any _______ ________ _______ ________ _______
lectures. laboratories. auditoriums. meetings. donnitories. classes.
TYPICAL ENDINGS FOR NOUNS IN TKB GENITIVE PLURAL (Endings are based on the plural stem) crOJI·nouns
OIQtO-nouns
HARD STEMS -oB
(zero)
SOFT STEMS
-eM
CTOJIOB cry.aeHTOB aTJIaCOB ypOlCOB npoeccopOo lUUO'Iei TosapHIDeii HOJKei npan.namei uopnp6lei enoBapeii
-M
*ett8-nouns
-.
(zero)
or -b
AM
»ee"
cn6.
K"lfT . JJ.cByweK cecrep Kop660K
OiC08 miceM
co6p3.mii CO'fHHeHHi 06meIlITHi 3aJI8JleHHi 3aHJfrHi 3llaHHi
.aaepb·nouns
neKtJ.Hi HCTOpKi na6opaTopHi ay.auTopKi lIe.ae.m.
-eii
ttl'pAAoi
o'fepeJJ.ei .asepei HO'lei
U!SSON II
241
Notes I. Most crOn-nouns ending in a hard consonant take the ending -OB in the genitive plural. Those ending in :.10:. lU, Of a sort consonant other than ii. take the ending -cii. 2. All J:tBkpb-nouns take the ending -eM in the genitive plural. 3. Most 0 ....0- and loKetlli-nouns have a zero ending in the genitive plural. In structural tcnns this usually makes their genitive plural fonn idcntical with their plural stem: loKCH, 1aUiJ', h.-apniH, .lle.'f, 1I.',1CH. The stem may be slightly modified, however, in two ways: a. A vowel may be inserted between the last two consonants of the stem as in OKOH (stem Oh:B-), CT)'.llem-OK (stem CT)'.llttrrK-), .lleBywet>: (stem ne8YWX-), and ~P (stern cecTp-). b. If the stem ends in the sound lJ], orthographic conventions require that it be written i: cOOpAuHii (stem [sabraqij-J), .rteKluDi (stern nekcij-J). If the stem ends in a soft consonant other than OJ, '4, or UI, the symbol L must be written to indicate the basic softness of the stem final consonant: HC.lI.em. (stem [Qic;lel-l). • CUED SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
1. (atlases) And how about the atlases? (hnacbl) A K3.K UaC'ICT 3.TJI3COB? (CfonbI) AKaI' lIaC"le-r CTon6B?
2. (pencils) The students have 110 pencils. (KapaHnawH) Y CTYJleHT08 HeT KapaunawM. (HO)l(H) y CTY.1I.CHTOB NeT IID:lKCii. (KJIlOlfH, CJI08apH, DOpnPenW, TCTpa,ttH, Kapau,llawil, 1I0:lKH)
(poMaHhI, 3K33MeUbI, CTl-IXW, lUll.llKH, ypoKH, lj>IDIbMbl, lUKalj>bl, KOCTJOMbI)
• CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
(teachers)
From whom did she hear it? From the teachers. (Y'lHTeJUi) Or KOro OHa no c.ru:rwana? Or Y'fIITenei. (npoJlaslQ.liIn.l) Or KOro OHa no c.sudwaJIa? Or OPOJlll8untn.
•
:lKCHLl, ero ceCTpLl, y60PUtilUbI, 336'1npolj>eccopa, CTyncuTLI, Y'lHTeJlbHHUbI, Y'lHTeJIJi, CTYJleHTlClI, aMepHKaHJ;H)
(HX
HIIULI,
QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Where are the keys? There are no keys here.
rAe KJlIO'lH? lJticL "h IUlIO'Ieii.
rAe HO)l(~? 3.nea, oCT HO_eN. (KapalIJllUUH, CO'lHUCIIIUI, KHIITH, CJI0napH, TeTpaJlH, IIHCbMa, 8ID1KII, no:acm)
3. Do you have any pencils? Ne, we don't have any pencils. KapaIlJlall.llf y sac ten.? Hh. K8paHJlame:ii Y HaC un. ATnaChi y sac ten.? anaCOB y dc nf:r. (Terpa.LlU, non.kH, poMaHbI, CTHXH,
"h.
BapH, nopTIIx:.rm, lliKalj>b1, KOCTIOMhI)
242
LFS'iON
II
enD-
2. Were there any maps there? No, there weren't any maps there. TaM 6blJUI KapTbl? HCT, TaM ..aPT He 6L1J1o. TaM 6b1JUt TeTp3.J:J;u? MeT. T8M Tlrrpa.a.eN HC 6L1J10. (noJllm, KOp06KH, Jle8yuJnt. KHHrH, KapTHHLI, 8HI1KH, nQ)l(kH, OKHa, IlIlCLMa)
• SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILL
•
Tile teachers were at our house. We were at the teachers'. Y':IlfTeJlJi 6burn Y mlc. My 6WIM Y Y':IHTeJICii. CTy.aeHTbl 6btnlf Y Hac. M";' 6LvtH YCTYACtrroB. (npo4leccopa, ero cicTpbl, y60pll.lHUbl, HX *eHbI, npoJJ.3BlUHULl, cryJJ.eHTl:H,}"UITC1Ib-
We don't ha.'C a dnrmitory. We dnn't have any dnrmitories. Y HaC lIer 06UlexHnu!.
IIHl.lbI, aMepKI8.lUCII, ceXpeTapH)
STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
Y Hac IteT 06w;eDnDi. Y HaC Her co6p8.HIDI. Y Hac tth co6piuHii. (nekUHM, ypoxa, 3.8T06yca, JattJlTHH, CTO· 113., Y'uheJIJI, xapTbl, CO'l.HHeHJUI, J:OMHaTbl, IUUO'la, UIKa~, PY'lxu)
• INTEGRATION DRILL
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
These are dresses. These are sisters. These are the sisters' dresses. 3TO nminH. :no Cecrpbl. :).'0 IUUiTbll cecrep. 3TO nopTeJ>C.nl-f. 3TO opOl. 3TO npOJ1aawHUbI. 3TO IUlIO'l". 3TO y66pUlHUbI. 3TO KapaHA3uui:. 3TO Y':!H.Te.n:bHHUbI.
Here are the bookcases. There are a lot of bookcases here. B6T 06nxl1. lAceb MlIOro DonoK.
B6T MaraJHHhI. 3ACeb Mlloro Mara3HHoB. (1I0)fC11,
OKHa,
xapau.nawlf, pecTopaUhJ, Tene$Ollbl, 3aBOJ1hl,
06ut~HTJUI,
3nalllUl,
llBepH,
XOMHaTbl)
The accusative plural of nouns MODElS
Mbl J10Jnl(Hbi Kynm _______ ______ ________
ATnaCbl. nopnpe.rm. Tel"pAnH. KapaHJJ.auut.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n6)fCKH.
_________ 8HnJm. ~ nepbR.
________ crynbR. ________ onanR:. BbI BHn.enll ltX CTYJI.eHToB? _ _ _ _ _ nfXXl>eccopOB? TOaapHllteH? ______ Y':!HTencii? ______ CTYJ1ellTox? _ _ _ _ _ ceCTep?
_~
We have to buy atlases. _ _ _ _ _ _ briefcases. _ _ _ _ _ _ notebooks. _ _ _ _ _ _ pencils. _ _ _ _ _ _ spoons. _ _ _ _ _ _ forks. _ _ _ _ _ _ pen points. _ _ _ _ _ _ chairs. _ _ _ _ _ _ dresses. Did you see lheir students? _______ professors? _ _ _ _ _ _ friends? _______ teacbers? _ _ _ _ _ _ girl students? _ _ _ _ _ _ sisters?
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that where the direct object is inanimate, the accusative form is like the nominative, but where the direct object is animate, the accusative form is like the genjtive.
LESSON II
243
.QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
1. Where are your keys? We forgot the keys. r.a.e B3.wu KJJIO'ui? MY Ja6butH 1UIIO'Oi. r.a.e 83mH KHJ:irH? MY u6WJIH Jauf",. (Upat:IJ1aIllH, TeTpaJlH. cnoBapH, npThl, aTnacw, nopT¢enH)
2. Where are the students? We saw the students at the club. rne CTynellThl1 MY Bli.ne.rnr cry~ • Knj6e. r.a.e cry.neHTIH1 M" BjJl.eJDI cryJJ.etryoK • tt.rrj''6e. (Y'fKTeJIA. npo4leccopa, ee cecrpbl, .a.eByuIDt, ern TOB8pHIUH, aMepHXaUXH. ceKpeTapH. SIIfTbI)
• RESPONSE DRILLS
J. Here are cucumbers for you. Where did you get such cucumbers? 8M, nmKMyHCTa, orypubl:. r,ll;e Bbi .nocranH TaKile orYPllbi? 8M, nmd..JIyHCTa, nepbSl. r.ne Bbi .nocniJJH T8KJfe nepba? (PY'fKH, K8p8HJl:aIUH, CTynbSl, IfaIllKH, nO:JKKH, BMK", HO)l(")
3. Here are his compositions. I've already reLld his compositions. B6T er6 CO<£HHeHHSl.
a y*e 'lNTan en) CO'OlHemul. B6T ero cnroi. y-.«i 'Of11i.II er6 CTIIXH. (pa60Tbl. rnKrlf, POMaHbI, JaJlBneHHSl, IlHCbMa)
a
2. Look, there go the students! I see students every day. nOCMOrpH, TaM HJtjT CT)',[lCHTb.l, a BH*Y cryJl.etrTOB K8*JU>1H Jl.CHb. nOCMOrpH, TaM HJ.tYT np01J,aBlltHUbl. BM:*Y npoJta8ll.u1Q ..a*Jl.bIH ,lleHb. (Y'l.HTeJISI, ee cecrpbl, HX )I(CUbI, Y'fH"TeJJbllHD;b.l, ,neByrnKH, ceKpeT8pH, CTy.a.eHTKH)
a
4. The shelves are ready. Want to take a look at the sheh'es? n6JlKH rOTOB.bI. XOT'IiTe ~ nOJlKw? 6ma rOT6BbI. XoniTe ~ OKHJl? (.cuIepH, CTOJIhI., CTyJlbSI. j[1J.J;HDt, o6lltCIHTMJl. ,[lOMa, KOMHaThl, K.8apnrpbl)
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
I. Ask the teacher.
Ask the teachers. Cnpockre YlfHTeJ1S1. CnpocHTe YlfHTeJleii. CnpocHTe ceCTpy. CnpocH-re en) cecTep. (npon,aslltHuy, npo4)eccopa, CTy.ueHTKy, }"lHTeJIbHHl.{}', oaxTfpa. aMepuxaHKy)
ero
2. Where did you see the factory? Where did you see the factories? r.ne Bbl BH.u;eJlH rpa6puKy1 r.a.e BbI BHJJ.eJIH iPa6pHKH? r.ne Bbl BH.u;eJlH CTYACHrcl.1 rAe Bbi BHJJ.eJIH cry.a:euTOB? (asTo6yc, olfepeJIb, Kapnmy, CTyAeHTXY, .a.eB}'IllKy, n~pa, ero cecTpy, ero TOBapHIU8, Jla60paTopHlO. P}"fKy, oaxT~pa)
3. I just met my sister. I just met my sisters. ~ cecrpy. TomKO "ITO BC'l'pbwn cec'J'ip_ 11: TomKO 'ITO BC'J"¢nt.n TOaapHW.a. T6Ju."O "ITO IlCTp(h'JlJI ToUpllll.lei. (Y'fItTeJlbHHllY, Y"KTeJISI, npo4leccopa, CTYAeHTXy, ceKpeTapSI)
11: T6J1bKO 'ITO
a a
244
l..ESSON
II
SUMMARY OF NOUN ENDINGS IN THE ACCUSATIVE CASE
I, Singular a. Inanimate C1'OJl-[Iouns and all OICHo- and ,1I;BCpb-nOuns have accusative singular fonns exactly likc the nominative singular: CTon, 'tail, OKItO, nmlTbe, nSepb, Jho66ob, MaTb mother. b. Animate croll-nouns borrow the genitive singular endings (-8, -II) for the accusative singular: TOSapHIl..{8, Bna,uHMI:fp8, CTYneHTa, Hmon3.ll, )"lHTeJUI, napllJl, c. Only )lieHa-nouns have endings in the accusative singular distinct from tbose of the nominative or genitive singular (-y, -to); these are used for both animate and inanimate nouns: )Kelty, ICllliry, ceCTpj, ramo, HC1'6pl:fJO, Komo, neKUI:fJO.
2. Plural a. All inanimate
noun~ have accusative plural fonns exactly like tbe nominative plural: CTOnhI:, cnooapH, KltJim, neKuKH. 6Klta. CO'fHHeHIDl, .nsepl:f. b. All animate nouns have accusative plural fonns exactly like the genitive plural: cryneHTOo, Y'fHTeJleH, *elt, npo
The genitive case with He 6YAeT constructions MOOELS
JaaTpa
He 6yneT ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
yp6Ka,
ypOKOO. neKUHH. nCKUHii. C06paHJUI. C06p3HHH.
There won't be a lesson tomorrow. _ _ _ _ _ _ any lessons _ _ _ _ _ _ a lecture _ _ _ _ _ _ any lectures _ _ _ _ _ _ a meeting _ _ _ _ _ _ any meetings
_ _ _ _ _
• REPETITION DRilL
Repeat the given models, noting that the genitive is requjrcd in future He 6Y,ll;eT constructions. • STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
We had no classes yesterday. We won't have any classes tomorrow. B'fCpa y mic He 6lolll0 yp6KOB. 3aBTpa y lIac lie 6j,l1;eT ypOKOB.
B'tepa Y HaC He 6b1no neKu,HH. 3aB'rp8 y !lac He 6y;:urr JleKWUI. (co6paH.JHI, 3aHJ1THI1, ypoKa, 3K3aMCHa, 3K3aMeH08, co6panIDi)
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
1. Will there be bread in the store? No, there won't be any bread. a MarC13li"c 6Y.aCT XJIe6? He 6Y,ll;eT. a Mara:U1ue 6YAeT MonOKO? HCT, Monod He 6jneT. (cene.aKa, 'fait, pbl6a, HO*H, Te"I"pa.ll;H)
HCT, xJle6a
2. But will Zina be there? No, Zina won't be there. A 3i1Ha riM 6Y.aeT? HeT, 3HHw riM He 6Y,ll;eT. A Oner T3.M 6Y.aCT? HeT, OJler. riM He 6jneT. (HX x:eHbl, ee 6paT, npo4)eccopa, K03JIOO, AnCKceeO, )"£HTeJUI, BaXTep, .aCOywt;:H, ce~TaPb, ero TooapHUlH, CTYneHTnl)
LESSON 11
245
DISCUSSION
Just as neT and ue 6I.J1IO are accompanied by the genitive in the present and past, so, too, He 6Y,ll,eT is accompanied by the genitive in tbe future to indicate a missing thing or person. Compare tbe affirmative and negative sentences below, noting that the nominative subject in the affirmative examples is replaced by the genitive in the corresponding negative examples and that the negative He 6yneT (like He 6w.oo of the past tense) is a fixed form. AFFIRMAnON
Y HaC 338Tpa 6yneT
JleKUIDI_
We'll have 0 leclure lomorrow. Y
Hm: JaeTpa
6YJl.yr ypOKH.
They'll have classes tomorrow.
NEGATIVE
Y HaC l3.BTpa He 6YJl.CY neKUHH.
We won't
ha~'e
a lecture tQmorrow.
Y HHX JaBTpa He 6Y.ueT yp6KOB.
They won', have classes tomorrow.
The genitive case for the direct object of negated verbs MODELS
.s1 He xO'l:y MOnOKa. --_
I don't want any milk. ____ _ _ _ _ _ bo.-sch. _ _ _ _ _ fish. _ _ _ _ _ _ herring.
.....
~_tea.
_ _ _ 60pma . _ _ _ phl6b1. _-,-_ _ ce.n:eJ],IM.
Mbi: TaKlfX xapniH eute _ _ _ _ 4>H1Il>MOB _ _ _ _ nop-r¢leneH _ _ _ _ Jl.OMOS
lie
BKaeJIH.
_ _ _
_ _ _ =lTJ'O"
_
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
_ _ _ _ _
KsapTlip aYJl.HTOpHH 6H6nHoTeK 06Ul,C)KHTHH JJl.aHHH
Mbl: eme He JHaeM BceX CTYJl.eIlTOs. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Jl.e8yweK.
We haven't seen pictures like thai before. _ _ _ _ _ fiIms _ _ briefcases _ houses _ theaters apartments _ _ _ _ _~__ auditoriums _ libraries dormitories _ _ buildings
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cel:peTapeH.
We don't know all the students yet. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ girls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~ custodians _ _ _ _ _~ ~ ~ _ teachers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ coeds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ secretaries _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ enos.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ wo,ds _ _
_ _- - - - - - - BaXTepo8. _ _ _ _ _ _~ _ Y'l:HTeJleii. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CTYJl.eIITOK.
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that after negated verbs the direct object is in the genitive case.
246
LESSON
II
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
I. I like novels. I do,,', like novels. .sf JIIo6mO poMailW. A He 1I106mb poMiHo8. .sf JIIo6mb XHMHIQ. g He 1II061uo XHMKM. (CTHXJt, oceHb, oeCHY, 3HMY, reorpa41lllO, cPH31tKy, lIHTepaTypy)
2. Why is she opening the door? Why doesn't she open the door? nOl(eMY oua OncpblBaeT .lUJCpb? nO'feMy OHII He OTI\PbJ:B8eT ).lBipH? nOl(eMY OHa OTXpblOaeT OKH6? no'leMj oua He 0'TKpbJ8aeT oKHJi? (611:Ha, jlU-lHK, KOp06KH, xlIHry, aTJJaC, .ltBepH, TeTpa.tlb. TeTpa.o.H)
• QUESTlON·ANSWER DRILLS
I. Did he get the books ? No, he didn't get the books. 61t .oocri.n JrHJirH? HiT, OH He /.lOC1"iJJ KHiir. 6H .oocri.n VIIQ'IIf:? HiT, ON He ./I;OC"fiJJ KJDO-reii. (TeTpaJ.:tb, CJlOOapH, XOCTJOM, TeTp3J(lt, OH.n1rn, HOXH, nO:llCXH, XOpo6XH,
2. Did you buy the suit? No, I didn't buy the suit.
Tw K:yrnina lI:ocnOM? HiT,
He ICynHn.S l'ocnOMS. Tbi xynHna MaTepHan? HlIT, j He ICymina MSTep.uina. (aTnac, nopT¢lenb, lUIan.e. P)"lXY. l(ali, j
Kapau.naUJ, KaPT}')
xapaHJlaum)
3. Did you see his dictionary? No, I didn't see his dictionary.
Bw BKnenH era CJJOsaPb? Hh, ,
en) cJJOupii He
BMJJ.eJI.
Bbi BH.neJUt er6 TeTp3.n.h? HiT, j en) Terpi.nH He aMJJ.eJI. (nlHnt, ICoMlIaT)'. poMaa. novr¢le.nb. KBapTHpy, xapTHHy, XapTHHbl)
• RESPONSE DRILL
She probably forgot his name. No, she didn't forge' his name. OHa, HaBeplJO, 3a6bUla er6 "M~. HCT, Olla He 3aOWJJa ero HMetIJI, OHa, t1aOCpHO, 336bUla JCJJIQ·ni. HCT, Ollli lie 3aGbtJJa KJJIO'feii. (nepo, py'IKy, no.oapoK, KJlJOl(, ero .oeHb pO:lKJI,CIlIIII, ero lj)aMHJJHIQ, ero OTl(ecTaO)
DISCUSSION
Although, according to strict grammatical rules, the direct object of negated verbs should be in the genitive case, there are some exceptions. The most common of these are: I. In informal spoken Russian tbe accusative singular of "'ella-nouns is often used instead of the expected genitive:
g
Ne "HTliJt i11' ICHHr)' (or A He........an :hoii KIIHne) I haven't read this book.
2. If (he negated verb is followed by an infinitive, the accusative is often used instead of the expected genitive:
A Ne Morj 0TKpbm. OKHO (or A He Morj OTKpLtn. OKHa) I can't open the window. LESSON II
247
Demonstrative :hOT in the nominative, accusative, genitive, and prepositional cases SINGULAR
PLURAL
Masculilie
Neuter
:lTOT
;TO
;,..
3TO
;Ty
1
:hoii
3THX
3TOM
:hOH
;TUX
NOM
inanimtlte :IToT animate noro
ACC
[e~Y;)l
GIlN
:horo
PREP
(06)
[et~Y;)
Feminine
3TU inanimate 3TH animate
3THX
MODElS 3TOT CJIOaapb fie
MOH.
3TO rlHChMO He Moe.
3m lOlura He Moli. 3-1'3 rerpA,ttb He MOH. 3TH TeTp3,QH He MoH. Ow eJi.D;HTe :horo CTy.nCHTa'1 _ _ _~:iTy CTYJleHTICY?
_ _ _ _ nux CTyJl.eRTOB? _ _ _ _ _ 3THlt CTYJleIiTOK?
B03bMH :hOT poM3.H! :hy ICHHry! _ _ _ :ho nHCbMo!
_~_
___ ny TeTpA,m.! _ _ _ nH CTHxH!
.sf He BH.n:eJI :horo pOMaHa. _____ :hail ImHrH.
This dictionary isn't mine. This letter _ This book
_
This notebook _ These notebooks aren'l mine. Do you see ____ _____ ____ Take __ __ __ __
that student? that coed '1 lhose students '1 those coeds?
this novel! this book ! this Jeller! this notebook! these verses!
_ _ _ _ 3TKx CTHx6e.
I haven't seen _____ _____ _____ _____
.st ue c:.rrhnnan 06 nOM poMaue. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3TOH IGlifre. _ _ _ _ _ _ 3TOM .nene. _ _ _ _ _ _ 3TOH np6cb6e. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3THX CTHXax.
I haven't heard about this novel. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this book. _________ this affair. _ _ _ _ _ _ _~_ this request. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ these verses.
_____ noro
mtCbM8.
_ _ _ :ITo. TeTpI.
this noveL this book. this letter. this notebook. these verses.
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting particularly that genitive endings are used for the animate masculine accusative in the singular and for all animate accusatives in the plural.
248
LESSON
II
• RESPONSE ORILLS
I. Whose key is this? This one here?
2. Here's our room. No, Ihis room isn't
OUTS.
lIeH iTO luno'i?
BOT H:ima KOMHan.
BOT nOT? lIbif no CYHxH? BOT m?
Her, iTa k-6MHaTa He Hawa. 86T Harna .n.oePb. Hk, iTa He Haw•.
_pi>
(OICHO, CJI00apb, .D.Bepb, KHltrH, KOMHaTa,
(K.IUO'i, OKRO, aaT06yc, KapaH.l.tawH, HOllUl,
pa6o-ra, poMaH, nopT4>eJtI>, CO'UlHeHlle,
CJlOBapb)
umK) 3. FIt see you on Friday. This Friday? }l BaC )'BIDtcy B minrnny. o iTy oKntH1O'?
>1
sac )'BIDtcY B 'leTBcpr.
B
nOT 'Ie'TBipr? (0 Cy660Ty, B nOlle,ll,em.HHX, 0
cpeJJ.Y,
0
BOCKpe<:eHbC, 00 OTOpllHK)
• STRUCTURE REPL .... CEMENT DRILLS
2. This is my table. My table is Ihis one here. 3TO rotO" crOn. MOR crOJI BOT nOT.
J. This is my table. This lable is mine. 3T0 MO" cyon. :nOT mil M6H. 3T0 Mali KOM.laTa.
3TO Mali KOMuaTa.
3Ta h.-oMHaTa M(Hi.
Moli KOMHaTa BOT na. (MOH nopTepe.nb, MOH KHlfrlf, MOJI KapTa,
(MOR IIOpT
MOlt KJIIO'ilf, Moe OKHO, MOIl ,UBCpb)
MOJI .D.BePb)
• TR .... NSFORM .... TlON DRILLS
I. These dictionaries are [available) ;n the library. This diclionary is [available] in the library. 3Tu CJI0BapH ten. B 6lt6J1uOTcKe. 3TOT CJlOB8pb kn. B 6H6!1HOTeKe.
ecn. B 6lt6J1HOreKC. ecn. B 6H6JIHOTe..-e.
3TH poMaUbl 3TOT poMall
(KHHrH, KapTbl, aTJlaCbl, nllCI>Ma, CJlOBapU,
2. What did you find out from Ihese students? What did }"Ou find out from this student ? 4T6 ThI: y:man OT 3THX CTY,ll,eHToB?
lho
n:. YlHan OT noro cry.aeHT8?
LITO TbI y:man OT nux nIXXPeccOpOB? L(TO n.i pliU OT noro npo+kcopa? (y'lHTene", y6oPLUHQ, napueH, Y'iIlTeJlhHHll, ncayweK, CTY,ll,eIlTOK)
CO'ilutCUHR, poMaHbI)
3. Have you already seen these pictllres? Have you already seen this piclure? BbI Y"A
Bt:I
)"I'e ali,lleJlH 3Ty l'aPriHy?
Bbi }'JKe OHneJIll 3THX arotepltKllHlI,ea?
Ow y*e BH.aeml iTOro
aMepHlo.-&uua?
(:nlf rnxa$bl, 3TH CO'UtHeHHJI, 3THX ,ll,esyweK, 3TH pa60Tbl, 3THX CTY,ll,eHTOO, 3TUX CTyneHTOK)
• EXP .... NSION DRILL
We were lalking about Ihe lecture. We were talking about this (or Ihal) lecture.
MbI rOBOpHmt 063Tnace. MY rOBOpKnM 06 :JTOM aT!lace.
Mbi rOBop,iJlll 0 JleKQHlf.
(06 ypoKax, 0 KapTC, 0 KlIY6c, 0 c06paHlfH,
Mw
o KOlIl..\epTe, 0 kypcax, 0 lPHJlbMaX, 0 Kap-
rOBopliJJH 06
:hOH
JleKU"H.
Tilnax)
LESSON I J
249
DISCUSSION
It is important to note the difference between the unchanging introductory iTo (see Lesson 5) and the declinable demonstrative iTOT, iTa, iTO, :h.... Note the following, which are complete sentences; the voice drops at the end of each: ~TO KOMUaTa. ~TO nepO.
This is a room. This is a pen.
Compare them with the following, which are not sentences; in speech the voice level is sustained: in KOMHaTa :lTO nepO
this room this pen
Whereas unchanging iTo is independent of the other elements in the sentence, the demonstrative
trOT must agree in number, gender, and case with its noun referent. Note tbe following: ::ITo 6buT He M61i cnoBapb. 3TOT CJlOBapb own tie Mon.
It wasn't my dictionary.
That dictionary wasn't mine.
In the first case:iTO is independent; 6bv1 and M6H are masculine to agree with CJlOBapb. In the second case :iTOT, 6':".11, and M6ii are all masculine to agree with c.'10Bapb. 4TEHl1E 11 nl1CbM6
~.
~U-~HAZ~~.~
~
rz.o.c.d£.
~ ~ ~ ~
~.~~~~~ 250
LfSSON
II
rami Bee BpeM.R CH.llHT .nOMa. B lUly6e Bcer.na TOJlbKO T3RUbi. 3 TaHu.eaaTb oua He JII06HT. B KHHO OHa TO)l(e lie XOJJ,HT. Om\ .naaHO all.nCJl3 aee 3TH 4lKJlbMbl. roaoplh, .,TO CKOPO 6Y.neT Jt)lTH aMcpHKaHCKKH lPHJlbM. 3-r0 .npyr6c .ne.no. Torna raJlH He 6yneT CHJJ,erb .nOMa. OHa noit.rleT nOCMOTpeTb :iTOT lPKJ1bM. OJ1er 'IHTaeT (EareHH}! OHerHHa)), a BJ13lUI~mp (BOHHy H MKp~~. OJler TO)l(e <{HTan ((BoHHy H MllP~). H .a.a)l(c MHoro pi3. 80J10,0)1 H OJ1er -
6" rOBopH-r• .,TO O<{CHb JlJ06HT 3TOT poMaH.
TooapmUH no KOMH3Te. Kan H 3UHa TOiKe )l(HDYr aMecre. 3H:n3
H OJ1er H3 O,lI,nOM KypCC, HO MaJ10 3H3KOMbl: TOJIbKO (3npaaCTByHTe}~ u «.ao CBHnaHH}!». Ho a cy660Ty omi nYMalOT Bee BMeCTe nouni H8 TaHUbl. -
Ky.ua Dbl cnelllHTc, raJ1}!?
-
B 6H6nHoTeKy. }1 Bcerna XO:lKY Ty.na nOCJle JlCKU,HU. nO'lcMy :lKC Ii BaC HHKor.na TaM He BH.a.CJI? He 3HaJO. ..st .,HTaJO 0 3TOH 6H6mtOTCKC d)l(nblH .a.CHb. J.1 Ii TO)l(C. r.a.c Obi JII06HTC cH,QeTb ?
-
-
- ..st -
CIVKY Bcer.a.a y OKHa. Tcnepb 6yny 3HaTh.
KyJJ,a Obi HneTe T3.K n03llllo? cncmY B 06Il.tCJKHTHC. TaM 6ynYT Bee HaWH pe6lha. A 'ITO BbI 6YJlcre TaM nenaTb ? J.1rpaTb B KilpTbi. HO'lblO? !la, TaM MO)l(HO HrpaTb TOJlbKO HO'lbJO.
- ..st -
LESSON II
251
LESSON
PREPARATION FOR O)NVERSATION
nonjnHk (papu~ikJ Mbl nonjPtHICH.
npoBoJUuhc, -3.; -Ii,
-OBI
6""""
My
12
DOnYrtHKH
traveling companion, fellow traveler We're traveling companions. conductor, guide ticket
Barn 61U1er. rpaJKD.aHMH. -a; rp3)k.naue,
Your ticket. citizen
rp8.*JlaH I
8itu 611MT, rpa*.aaHWH. MeerO t -3; MecTa, Mecr
Your ticket, sir. place, seat, berth; position, job, space,
Meno 8O<:eMb 3.necb. Bt1.r6H
Berth eight is here. railroad car
sort
MRncHH MArXH" Baron MarKH" aaron, Meao BOceMb 3JtecL.
soft car, first-class car First-class car, berth eight is here.
• v, CoSCM'60.....
Thank you. Oh. who's that I see?
. tfI. . . '.II ICOTu SlnKY ••
exaTb (unidirectionalt), e.ny, C.nyT 11 Dbl c.ll.eTe? riJlA! " 8b1 ben?
to be going (by vehicle) Are you going, too? Galya! Are you going, too?
,n;a. )JlpaBCTByii're.
Yes. Hello.
HcdTh (I), HmY, ~ BOT HU(j caM! MtcTO. npoBOwoIK!
to look fo'r, seek I'm just looking for my seat. Conductor!
BepXH"H.-~R.-ee
Dime MOCTO eepxuee.
HHJKIIHH.
-~~,
-ee
npocHTb (Il), npowy, np6c.IIT
upper Your berth is the upper. lower to request, ask for
, Nouns wilh shifting stress or other unpredictable features in lbe dedension an: JiYell in foUl" fonns: nomimauYe singular puYe $ingular, nominauYe piunJ, and gcuitiYe pinnal.
253
.st npoc(lJta Hii)Kllee.
I asked for a lower.
Iiacca A tl B "acce IlpocM.'1a luiamee.
tickct window, box office, cash register But I asked for a lower at the ticket window.
HcynooHo HaBepxy HaBepxy cniTL uey.nooHo.
to sleep [it's] uncomfortable, [it's] inconvenient upstairs, on top, in the upper It's uncomfortable sleeping in an upper.
ouni6Ka ~o. HaBcpHo, owH6lia. "yne (indeclinable n) [kupe] Y Me",i Tt)Jke Mec-rO 8 :iTOM kyne. nOllO_.nNTe!:fl-O. Ha8eplIO. OllUf6Ka. Y Metttl TO»le MCcTO 8 nOM t..-yne.
mistake, error It's probably a mistake. compartment, sleeping compartment I also have a berth in this compartment. Wait a minute! It's probably a mistake. I have a berth in this compartment, too.
cmiTL (u), crtJuo, cnsiT
to be surprised Don't be surprised!
Y):{HBmtTbCJI (I)
He YJlKBJItlMTecb!
(multidirectional Il), eJIKY, e3II)IT
C3JlHTb
B OllHOM Kyne
OHii lhAltT
OllnoM
B
",cHuUfHa MYJK
kyne.
ImuWn~]
man
)I(eliulIlHbl " MYJK
Kyne.
y HaC Y
Hlic
;e;:eullUUIbI
to go (by vehicle), ride, travel in one compartment They travel in the same compartment. woman
H M}'*'lltHW
t:UlIlT B OllHOM
"roe·
Women and men travel in the same sleeping compartment. in our country, in our society (/il. by us) In our country women and men travel in the same sleeping compartment. You don't say!
noexan. (pfv I), nDe.ny, noe.nyr Mb.l 8 onHOM "yue nOelleM. C 8cUlII
MbJ:
c
Ba.\.1U
Mbl
c BaM" B OIlHOM
Tali:
3Ha
MhI c
"yne noeneM?
8aMH B
O)I,IIOM Kyne
1I0c.neM?
to go (by vehicle), ride, travel We'll travel in the same compartment. with you you and I Will you and I travel in the same compartment? Then you mean you and I will travel in the same compartment?
,lI,li, A Bbi Kywi e.nne?
Yes. And wherc is it you're going?
B MOCK8r,.a 8b1?
To Moscow. And you? So am I.
Well, so we're traveling companions.
SUPPLEMENT CTOHTb (II), CT()IIT, CTOwr
CKOJlbkO
CTOUT
)KeenUM
6HJ1CT
aaron aarone
B )KecTKOM
254
LESSON 12
B
MockBy?
to cost, be (in price) How much is a ticket to Moscow? hard car, second-class car in (or on) the second-class car
I have a seat in tbe second-class car. in (or on) tbe first-class car I have a seal in tbe first-class car. train on the train, by train Are you going on the train? downstairs, below Where's your room, upstairs or downstairs? to pay Pay at the ticket window! to pay Did you already pay? to pay for How much did you pay for the tickets? station at the station to the station The train is in the station.
Y MCHli Y
MCcTO B *eCTKOM BarOuc. R MsirKOM BarQUe MCllsi Meen, B MsirKOM Barouc.
n6e3J],. -a; noe3J],a. -OB 113 n0e3J],e Dbi e.rteTe lIa n0e3J],e? BHH3y rJ],e saUJa KOMMan. nasepxy
HJIII
B1l1l3Y?
llJIaniTh (U), llJIa
nJlantTe B Kacce! 3annaTirn. (pfv n) Dbi )')Ke 3annaniml? lUIaTHTb (or 3anJlaTHTb) 33 (plus ace) C,,{)JlbKO Bb.! 3afUlaTium 3a 6IlJlCTf.ol? CTaHI.l.HJI
Ila
CTalll.l.Hll
fla CTanl.lIllO
nOe3J],
CTOUT
lIa CTaHl.lIlIt.
MLI:
DOnjPfHKH
rp. - 4>Hminn rpaHT, aMepHKaaeu
r. - roo n. _ npoSO.ltHHK: l
Balli 6HJ1th, rpa:llCllaHHu. 2 MJirxHU BarOH,) MtcTO
n.
6, Kor6
BOceMb
3,llecb.
rp.
2 Cnacli60.
Ji BH:lKy?! rw! M Bhz elleTe?
r.
3 Jl:a. 3llpaBCTByHTe. BOT HmY CBoe MecTO. np080llHHK!
n.
4 Ballle MeCTo Bepmee.
r.
5 A Ji B IGlcce npoclina UH:lKHee. HaBepx:y cn3Tb Hey.o.o6Ho.
fp.
6 nOJ],Q)K.o.I1:Te! 3TO, HaBcpHo. OlllH6Ka! Y Mens T6:lKe MCCTO B .:hOM Kyne.
r.
7 He YllHBJlSHTeCb. Y HaC :lKeHl.UHHbJ
H
M}')K'IHHbl C3J1)1T
B
O,ItH6M KynC.·
rp. 8 4T6 8hz rOBOpHTe! TaK 3Ha'lHT, MI:d C BaM" 8 OJUl0tv! Kyoe noelleM?
r.
9
.[la. A
KYll3. 8hz eAeTe?
rp. 10 B MOCKBy. a B.bJ:? r.
II
NOTES
Jt
T6:l1Ce. B6T MbI H nonjT'IHKH. I The «pQeol(HliK on Russian trains is the man in charge of an individual car. He differs from an American conductor in that the latler is responsible for several cars or the whole train. Thus job is something between that of a conductor and a porter. npoBO,ntlKIi' also means guide.
LESSON 12
255
2 Like all nouns ending in -auKK, ....pncllanH:H loses -HH in the plural, and has the special nominative plural ending -c: . . pS*D,aHc. The stcm thus ends in sort [Q.] in the nominative plural, but in hard [nJ elsewhere in the plural: MHo....o rpa*Jf.aH, 0 rp3.*Jt auax . Although the American student or tourist in the Soviet Union may hear the word rpa*JI.aHHH used by train and streetcar conductors, bus drivers, and policemen, he should not u.se it himself in addressing Soviet citizens. Under no circumstances should he use roCDO.rom or rocnO)K3.. The best way to get the attention of a stranger is by saying K3SHHlITe, upocniTe, or cKa)Klfic, nO)K8J1yikra. Altbough the student probably will not use the terms himself, he may hear himself addressed as MOJloll,oii qeJIOIU~K or, in the case of a girl, lI,eSytDK3. J The so-called soft car MJD-KHii aarOn consists of fIrst-dass compartments with soft seats; each compartment accommodating four persons. Compartments in the hard car ...ecnnrii aaron have hard scats; each compartment seats six persons and sleeps four. In selling tickets, no attempt is made to separate men from women in sleeping cars, and the American tourist may be surprised to find he is sharing a sleeping car on a Russian train with one or more persons of the opposite sex. • The verbs e3l1,HTh and exan. describe going by vehicle or some means other than on foot. t3lnITb is used for the generaJ (multidirectional) activity and exan. for the specific (unidirectional) activity. In this respect tbey parallel XO.lU£TI. and H,!01I exactly. Compare
MhJ 'ul.cro MbI
with
'IaCTO
MbI e,neM B KueB. MhI ImeM B m\.pK.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
molj>ep a)J:MHHHCTj>hop HOCHJIhU,J:HK HOCHJ1hWHK!
Gan'nK nOJIy'lHTh (pfv n), nOJI)"I)\, nOJ1fqaT flOJIy'lHTC M6H 6anbK, noxMyitc'ra. KBHTllnuu.ll 86T KBHT{UU{H.ll.
HOCHJIblUHK! noJl}"Dhe Moii 6ani...,
lIo...aJlyiCTa. BOT
KBMT3J1IlHII.
Ceii·llic. A r,l],c sW 6YACTe *J\3.Th? OXH.!laHJle
Jiul OIKJlltallH.ll
B
3ane O'kH,I],aHHJI.
BeWh (I) (gen pi BeWeR) BOT milllH BemH. KoneRKa (gen pi KoneeK) Tj>H.lI.n:an. [trit~\l TpH.JutaTh KoneeK, nOlKiulyHCTa.
256
LESSON
12
B KHeB. X6AHM B napK.
e3;:J;HM
B
We often go to Kiev. We often go to the park. We're on our way to Kiev. We're on our way to the park.
MOCKBe
driver (of car) clerk, administrator porter Porter! luggage, baggage to receive, get, Get my luggage, please. receipt, claim check Here's the claim check. Porter! Get my luggage, please. Here's the claim check. Right away. Where will you wait? waiting, wait, expectation waiting room In the waiting room. thing Here are your things. kopeck thirty Thirty kopecks, please.
BOT BarnH RCIllH. TpHJJ,uaTb KOueeK.
no...:aJJYHcn. TaKe" (indccl n) TaKC"! 6arbCHHK
.sf
nOnO)f(HTb (PfV.II), nono)f(Y, nonO)f(aT nonoJICY BaWII BeU{ll B 6araJKHHl(.
p;UpeWHTb (pfv II), p;upewy, pa.3pewlh H lIono:«j dID. &eu..l. II 6ani~ pll3pew.....e?
BAM J(y.a.a?
Here arc your things. Thirty kopecks, please. taxi Taxi! baggage compartment, luggage carrier, trunk to put I'll put your things in the baggage compartment. to permit, allow I'll put your things in the baggage compartment, O.K. ?
Ba.o,( Ky,lla?
where do you want to go? Where to?
rocnhtH1l3 B f"OCTJftrllllY • Y KpalIna ••
hotel To the Hotel Ukraine.
nplleXaTb (pfv I), npHe,lly, nplfcJlYT npHexa..nH
csac pj6Jlb, py6mi; --ii. --eM: (m) C BaC pjlirJb.
n~XaJlH.
Mmi
4t..'W.Iin.R rpm. HOMep, -a; HOMepa, - 00
.sf
lIe6onbw6it 3aKa3aTb (prv I), 3aKa:lKY, 3aKIDKYT )3Ka33..n He60Jlbw6it 116Mep. molCc 3aKa3An ne60Jlbw6n H6Mep mOKC.
st
NUl oD,Horo :laKaJar. He60nbUJoii HOMep mbKC NUl
.sf
to arrive (by vehicle) [we've] arrived, here we are from you; you owe ruble Here we are. That'll be one ruble. My name is Grant. hotel room, number, issue small to order, make a reservation I ordered a small room. deluxe class I ordered a small room, deluxe class. a single, for one I ordered a small single room, deluxe class.
O,!l,floro. :naJIC, -a; -"Ii, --en Ita nATOM 31'3.)f(C
Baw UOMep lIa m'TOM 3Ta*e. y.a.66cToo
Bee YJl66CToa. oaHHaS!
y66pllaS! oOJJ,a rOpJl'laSl oo.na
Bee yaOOcrBa: oaHlIa.. y6DPHaA, I"opjlfa. BOJui.
story, floor on the fifth lloor Your room is on the fifth floor. convenience, comfort [It has] all the conveniences. bathroom toilet, lavatory water hot water All the conveniences: bath, lavatory, hot water.
Hanpaoo JlH
on the right, to the right elevator The elevator is to the right.
npeKpaCllo
excellent, tine Fine.
Jl.+T
npeKpaCHO.
LESSON 12
257
SUPPLEMENT
on foot I'll go on foot. on the left, to the left Where's the elevator? To the left. straight, straight ahead, directly Go straight ahead. station, terminal to the station in (or at) the station We sat in the station a long time. drive! go (by vehicle)! Drive to the Hotel Ukraine!
neWKOM .sf nOHAY neun,6M. HaneBO rAe micjlT? - HaneBO. npJiMo
11.whe "piMO. BOo3.n
[vagzal] I
na BOI03.n Ha Bonine Mbllt6mo CHltCnH Ha BOK3A..ne. noe3:lKaH! nOe3:lKaHTe! noe3,dHTe B rocniHHuy (YKpaHHa»! .sf CAY B KHeB. .sf CAY B TaWKeIlT. .sf elJ,Y B XaphKOB. .sf eAY BO BnalJ,HBOCTOK. .sf eAY B JtJITY.
I'm I'm I'm I'm I'm
going to Kiev . going to Tashkent. going to Kharkov. going to Vladivostok . going to Yalta. "I'm going to Odessa. convenient, comfortable They have a comfortable apartment.
.sf CAY B OAeccy. YA66HhlH (adv YA66llo) Y nux y.n66Hall: KBapnipa.
B rp. Hoc. -
ill""'. MM. -
rp.
MOCKBe rpaUT HocHJIhuVUC
illoq,ep MMHIUIC'rpaTop
HOCWtbWMK! nOJIY'uiTe MOM 6ara:lK, no"'l'u1yikra. BOT
KBMT.hll.lH~.
Hoc.
2 CeH'I3.C. A rAe Dbi 6Y.lleTe JK,lJ,3Tb ?
ri>.
3 B 3fUTe o"'H.a.aHH~.
Hoc.
4 BOT D3wn seWH. TpH.nU3Tb KoneeK. nOJIC3JIyHCTa. TaKcn! I
lDo4>.
5 Jt nono:llCY eawH oeWH B 6ara)I(HHK. pa3pewHTe" BaM Ky.u.3"
rp.
6 B rocnt:HHI.1Y «YKpaHH<\».
llJo4l.
7 TIpHCXaJIH.
C MC
m--.
py6nb.
, Compare 1t01Oi., with 8oK:Wl is a railway terminal or station buikfing. whereas ""-_ can refer to any station. Notioe that both require the prelX'Sition u; 011 BCTpCTIUl .eHy Ha a1lT(6)'CHoH crAHUHIl. He mel his wife at the bus sllcion. OH llCTpeTlUl .eHy HI Booille. He met his wife at the railway station.
258
LESSON 12
B rocnumu,e Mo~ epaMUJ1HSI rpaUT. }l 3aKa3an He6oJ1bW6ii H6Mep mOKc JJ,J1S1 o~Hor6.2
rp.
8
MM.
9 .£la, BaW HOMep ua mlTOM :na)Ke. Bce
y~o6cTBa: 83.HHaSl, y66pHllJl, ropJi'laJI
BO.Afl. lluepT Hanpaao.
IO npeKpacHo.
rp.
NOTES
Russians seldom check tbeir luggage or use the help of porters. Tipping is officially forbidden in tbe Soviet Union, but most foreigners are expected to tip hotel servants, waiters, and check-room attendants. I
Only mbKC guarantees hot water. At most hotels one gets only cold water, has no private bath, and has to share toilel facilities with otber guests on tbe same noor. This is typical not only in the Soviel Union, but common in European countries as weD. 2
Basic sentence patterns 1. Kynil Bbl e.a.CTe? - B MocKBy.
- .sf e.a.y B MOCKBy -
B JIeHlmrpaa. Mbl c.a.eM B JIelflmrpan..
-
3Ha'fItT Mbl nony,.'fIlKIt.
- .st -
To::«:e CJl.y B JIeHtturpan,. Mw noe.a.eM B O.nHOM KYOe.
2. Bame MecTO sepxllee Hnlt mi'llmce?
-
BepxHee. HH)Kllee. H H;.I(Hee nY'twe. '{eM sepxlIee. Hey.no6Ho cnarb nasepxy. - .sf s Kacce npocHn mbKHee.
4.
Ha yrnY. 6Kono m6cKa. B rOCTHBHue. Ha CT3.HUlIH. Ha SOK3ane.
.sf nono)Kj BaW" seu.llt "a CTOn:. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ua :hOT Cljn. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ua nonKY. _______ B
Do you have an upper or a lower? An upper. A lower. The lower is better than the upper. It's uncomfortable sleeping in an upper. I asked for a lower at Ihe licket window. Where will you be waiting? In the waiting room. On the corner. Ncar the newsstand. At the hotel. AI Ihe slation. At the station (or railway terminal).
3. r.ne Bbi 6Y.a.eTe *.aaTb? - B Jane O)KHJJ;aHHSI. -
Where are you going? To Moscow. I'm going to Moscow. To Leningrad. We're going to Leningrad. Then we're traveling companions. I'm on my way to Leningrad, too. We'll ride in the same compartment.
KOMHUy.
I'll put your things on the table. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on this chair. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on the bookcase. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the room. LESSON 12
259
.s1
nOJIOiKY l:\awJ.1 BelllJ.1 B Kop66Ky. WKa$. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B nopT
5. HOCHJJbmllK
nonOiKIIT MWU Bell.lll B 6ara?KHHK.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B TaKC!'!.
_____________ BaBT
6. BOT Bflwa KBItTIlHLUUI. _ MW 6u.nb". __ BaWa B3.HHaJI.
_BAw 6am.
__ eawe MecrO. __ Bflwe Kyoe.
_
MWH BCll.lIl.
7. ~TO HaW n6e:m. __ HaWa rOCT'HultU3. __ HaWa cT3.IILtJ.1Ji1.
__ HaW HOMep. __ llama KOMlfaT3. 8.
>1
Hilty ceoe MOcTO. ___ ceOM nOMep.
_ _ ceoC Kyne. _ _ T3XCH.
9. Mbi "WeM KJ.1OCK. _ _ _ _ npoeo.nHJ.1K8.. _ _ _ wO
_ _ _ _ B3xTepa.
10.
r.ae mlqn 1 -
Hanpano. H.tvhe Hanpano. Ha.nceo.
-
H,wlTe nanceo.
~
H;:l,IlTe npAMo.
II. Ky.na eb! e.oere1 - B JIeltHBrpa.o. -
B MOCICBy.
- B Kitee. - B OACccy. - B AMcpHKY. - BCCCP. 12. BaM KY.aa? - B roenl fUlLly • Y "palma:_ ~ -
260
Ha CT311Ll,1tIO.
LESSON 12
I'll put your things _______ _______ _______
in in in in
the the the the
box. dresser. briefcase. drawer.
The porter will put your things in the luggage compartment. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the taxi. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the bus. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the comer. Here's your receipt (or claim check). _ _ your ticket. _ _ your bathroom. _ _ your luggage. _ _ your seat (or ben h). _ _ your compartment. Here are your things. This is our _ _ our ___ our _ _ our ___ our
train. botel. station. [hotel] room. room.
I'm looking for ______ ______ ______
my seat (or ben h). my [hotel) room. my compartment. a taxi.
We're looking for _______ _______ _______
a newsstand. the conductor. a taxi driver. the clerk in charge. _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 porter. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the custodian. Where's tbe elevator? To the right. Go to the right. To the left. Go to the left. Go straight ahead. Where are you going'1 To Leningrad. To Moscow. To Kiev. To Odessa. To America. To the U.S.S.R. Where t01 To the Hotel Ukraine. To the station.
-
Ha
-
B ylllfDepcUTCT. Ha nO'ITY.
-
BOIOan.
B bonbwoii Tea:rp.
-8 rYM. 13. C.,onhKo CTOll",,: 611ne-r 8 MOCK8y1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 JleHHHrpAtt1 _________ 8 KiteD? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80.l1eccy? 14.
Jt el1Y TonbKo 110 MOCK8bJ. _ _ _ _ _ AO JleHHHrp3.u.a. _ _ _ _ _ .110 KHeBa.
_ _ _ _ _ AO XapbXOBa. ______ 110 TaWKeffTa. ______ .110 Bml.l1HBOCToU. _ _ _ _ _ JJ.O RnTbl. _ _ _ _ _ AO OJIeccw. 15. Rbi 'iaCTO C3JI,HTe
B Mocxay1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 JleHHHrpAtt1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B Kueo 1
_____ B
ilJlT}'?
OAb.x;y? _______ BO Bn3,ltHBOCToK? ______ B
16. CKonbKo :ho CTOltT? - OJJ.Hll py6nb. - J),oa py6mi. - TPH py6ml. - 4eThIpe py6J1J:L - nRTb py6nci1. - 1IIecn. py6nMi. - <:eMh py6ncH. - BOceMb py6JJHi. -
.nCD,:jTh py6ncH.
- .nkBTb py6J1Cii. 17. 0,6J1bKO c Memj? - Ollila Konefu:a. -
.nBC KonCHKlf.
- Tplt Koneibm. - '-IeTl:dpe KonCHKH. - nRTh KoneeK.
18. C sac ween. KonecK. _ _ <:eMb xoneeK. _ _ OOceMb xoneeK. _ _ .I1eORTb KonCeK. _ _ AbT!> "onCex.
To To To To To
the railway tenninal. the university. the poSI office. the Bolshoi Theater. GUM.
How much is a ticket to Moscow? Leningrad? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to Kiev1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to Odessa? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10
I'm only going ______ _____ _____ ______ ______ _____ _____
as as as as as as as as
far far far far far far far far
as as as as as as as as
Moscow. Leningrad. Kiev. Kbarkov. Tashkent. Vladivostok. Yalta. Odessa.
Do you orten go to Moscow1 _ _ _ _ _ _ to Leningrad 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 Kiev1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 Yalta 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 Odessa? _______ to Vladivostok? How much does this cost 1 One ruble. Two rubles. Three rubles. Four rubles. Five rubles. Six rubles. Seven rubles. Eight rubles. Nine rubles. Ten rubles. How much do lowe? One kopeck. Two kopecks. Three kopecks. Four kopecks. Five kopecks. You owe six kopecks. ____ seven kopecks. _ _ _ eight kopecks. _ _ _ nine kopecks. _ _ _ ten kopecks.
LESSON 12
261
Pronunciation practice: special consonant clusters A. Hard
[c~]
[Iuc~ij]
(spelled
'IIII,,lUll.
or nu).
[prasecsij] npOWC.LtUJHH gone [zablucsij] 3a611Y,!J;umH gone astray [za yatsij] 3aBJimuHiI wilted [cyecsij] UBCTundi bloomed
JIY'iurnif
better [mlac~ij]
MJI
younger [xuc~ijJ
xYlUlItfil
worse (pac~jj]
mi..LtUJIi~
fallen B. Long soft [et] (spel1ed [papuccik]
1"'1
or ,l:('t).
nOfly-r'lI1K
traveling companion
J
[~6ccik
C'lh'lHK
meter
[zdaccik] lessor [~iccikl
c.allTlfHX C",f'UIK
kind of cotton [ace6t] OT'Ih account, report [6Ccij] OT'iI.fii father's [bu[ecCik I 6yepeT'lHK lunch counter attendant
[ga¢Ctik 1 ra3C'f'utK newsboy [ral}eccik] paKeTtl:HK rocket technician [baleRik I 6aner'lHX ballet dancer [razyeccik] pa.3Be.ll'lHK scout
[zav6CCik]
3aB6.n;'1HK
factory owner {kabaccik] Ka6aT'lHK innkeeper [yiccina] BCT'IHHa ham
C. Hard Cd!]. This combination occurs when a prefix ending in 1I or T combines with a root which begins with tbe voiced consonant *. It also occurs in foreign-derived words. widiaIC] nlW.lKaK jacket [d:his] JllKa3 jazz [dzut] lllKYr jute [dzemJ WKeM
jam [padzecl nOlllKe'lh to set fire to ~zigalilJ nOWKltTaTeJlb inciter
[padzarij] nOlllK3phill thin, haggard [adiili~l OT:lKJUIKw: from the dwellings [Odzil] OTIKHJl his time has passed [adiecJ oTIKe'lh anneal; glass, metal [Odiik] OTIKHr annealing Ia;prbajdianJ A3ep6aHJlidH Azerbaidzhan (S.S.R.)
D. Hard [tel This combination occurs very frequently, especially in the infinitive and third person singular and plural of verbs with the reflexive particle -CR. It is spelled TC, TIlC, Jlc, Tl.l, or .1m. [dvatC;)tl lIBa.u...an. twenty [tritC;)lJ TpHD....an. thirty
262
LESSON 12
[kanatci] KaH3,QUbI Canadians [liJ;letciJ TH6eT"'bl Tibetans
[mitC:JJ to wash [m6jit~]
M6eTClt
he washes [m6jutC:J] they wash
[.,ca)
finar6tciJ J.1Hop6.nUhJ foreigners [liQingr3otciJ neHHHrpa.nUbI people of Leningrad (bratci] 6p:iTubl brothers
MblThCJI
MOK>TCl!
oTUA
of father
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
Two-stem first conjugation verbs Many verbs of the first conjugation show a marked difference between the stem used to form the infinitive and past tense and that used to form the present-future. Verbs such as thcse we caB "two~stem" verbs. STEM
B:llt-
STEM
B03bM-
. INFlNlTIVE
B3m
PAST
B:lJin, B311113o, B3W
FIJTUIU!
B03I.MY, 603bMeWb, e03btoteT
In order to manipulate the various forms of the Russian verb, it is essential to recognize certain broad rules of compatibility vis-a.-vis stcms and endings. I. Infinjtive and past tense endings begin with consonants (T and 11) and, in almost all verbs, are added to a form of the stem ending in a vowel: :lI'iJ-Th, ""-11. 2. Present-future endings begin with vowels and are added to a form of the stem cnding in a consonant: *,",,-y, *ltB-eun., :«HB-jT.1 MODElS
Other
two~s{em
verbs already encountered by the student in some of their forms.
nOCJlan. (pfv) to send sl: )')ICe nocna..n ""CbM6. I already sent the letter. cKuan. (prv) to say, tell q T6 Db. CrU13iuHl? What did you say? :1JlI'83an. (prv) to order OHa 3aKa3a.na 6HJ1en". She ordered the tickets. HeriTh (ipfv) 10 look for Bw MeHJi: HcdJlH? Were you looking for me? Hapban. (prv) slice Oner y*e Hap6an XJle6. Oleg already sliced Ihe bread.
1I0lllJJ.o, DOUlJlCIUb. nOlllJJ.oT
.sf JMTpa uawmO
'0
I
In lil-stem verbs, the prescnt-future stem ends in tbe consonant
nHcbM6.
I'll send the letter tomorrow. cKa*y. cKa*eun.. CK8.»>YT Oil IIH':Ier6 lie CK8.)I(CT. He won', say anything. :laKa*y! 3aKa",eulh, 3aKa*YT Olla 3axa:JKeT 6HJ1eTbI. She'll order the lickets. MIQj. 1iuJeuu., IitqyT Dw "lUere paOOTy 7 Are you looking for work? Ha~Y.Ha~.Ha~YT
Oner HapelKcT xne6. Oleg will slice the bread. S(}Ulld
[jJ.
LESSON 12
263
(ipfv) to write Mbl mlcl.Jm micbMa. We were writing letters. lIallHcaTh (pfv) to write Bbluanllca;H1 110MOn 7 Have you written home? ....liTh (ipfv) (0 Ii"e Bbi l1onro TAM. )l(KJUf? Did you live there long? Jlocran. (pry) to get Bbl11OCT3.Jrn 61lJleTbJ 7 Did you get the tickets? o,",pWn. (pfy) to apen BaXTep on::Pbm .lIlJCPh. The custodian opened the door. JaKpbm. (Pfy) to close Bw }'JKe JaKpbmH OKRa? Did you already close the wintkJws? 6brn. to be r11e Dbi 6brnll '! Where Mwe yau? Ja6brn (pry) to forget OHa 3a6buIa 0 co6paHHlt. She forgot aboUlthe meeting. miTh (ipfv) to drink BM }?K~ mum
IIHmy, lIIimemb. mimYT Mbl mtWeM nHCbMa. We're writing letters. HauMmy, lIalllUlIernb. 11:ln..H:utYT Her, Ii 33,DllJa lIamllilY. No, I'll write tomorrow, ....HBy. ~8elllb. Jt:H8Yr Bbl ,aaBHo lAtcb )l(IlDere? Hal'e you lived here long? ,aocri.uy. AOC'riHetllb. ,aocrlillYT Oil l1OCT311eT 6I1JleTbl. He'll get the tickets. on....pc)Jo. Qn:pOewb, OTKpOlOT Ba.·nep OTKp6eT Deepb. The custodian will open the door.
IlHca:n.
Jaf\pOlO. JUpOewt.., Jaf\pOIOT
Her. Ii ceH't3C 33KpOlO. No, I'll do it now. 6yAY, 6Y.a.etllb, 6yAYT r,ae Dbi 6Y.a.ere nocne o6ella? Where will you be this afternoon? Ja6yAY, u6yLlel.llb, u6Y.ayr Dbi: He 336Y..llere HaC?
You won't forget us, will you? IlbtO. n~1J.II>., UbtOT Obi n..ere K6tI>e? Do you drink coffee? TalllcYlO, TaHQjeun., TaHLlYIOT
Bw TauuYere?
Do you dance? elQ'. bern.., e.ayr
Mw e11eM B TaWKeHT.
Mw eXMH B TawKenT.
We're on Ollr way 10 Tashkent.
We were on our way to Tashkent. IIPMCxan. (pfv) to arrive OIlH y>Ke npHCXaJm. They've already arrived,
npHClQ', npMC~CU]b, npHeArT OUH npw!,ay-r B '1eTBepr.
They'll arrive
Oil
Thursday.
• SUIlSTITUTlQN DRILLS
J. I'm writing a letter
s1 nllwy nllCbMo. OIlH nHwyr nllchMo. (Mbl, BbI, TbI, Oil, olla. R.
01111)
3. The custodian will open the doors. BaXTep OTKp6eT ,I1Bepll.
s1
OncpOlO ,D.BCpll. (npoeolUIIIK, Mbl, ROCHJlhUlIIKII.
264
LESSON
12
01111. TbI, ebl.
wO
2. I'll wrile the leller. s1 "anuwy nJICbMO. OHli HanHweT nHchMo. (Mbl. OI:lH, Tbl. EerellllH. S1, Bbl. 01111) 4. I'm looking for a hOlel.
s1
muj roCTliUIIUY. OHli HweT rOCTHIlIlUY. (Mbl, Tbl, 311Ha. DUll, BbI, <1>1IJ1Hnn)
5. I don', drink coffee. A lie OhiO x6
6. They'll order rhe tickets. Olll' 3aXa>KYT GIlJlCTbl. st 3aKa>Ky 611J1CTbL
rlhCM K6tI~.
(J1pIlHa, Thl, Bbl, K03IlOB, Ollll, JI)
(01111, Bbl, Haruwa, TW, M)'JK, ::KCHa)
•
STRUCTURB REPLACEMENT DRILLS
1. Do you dance much? Did you dance much? B.bl MH6ro TaHujCTe?
Dbi Mlioro TalmeaanH?
Oil
MHoro TaHLtYeT?
OM 1\tIlcko T1Ulueau?
2. He forgot the keys. He'll forget the keys. Oil 336blJl KJlIQ'lH. 011 336YJJ.eT KJIIO'lIl. Tbt 336bl1l JUlIQ'lH. Tbi 3a6Y.iJ.ClUb KIUO'l",
(oHa, 01111, 011, ranK)
3. We lil'ed in Kiev. We lil'e in Kiev. Mhl :lICHnU B KHcee.
Oil
a.
$I,
alia)
4. He was looking for you. He's been looking for you.
MW ...KBiM • KMeae• .sf JKHn: B KHCse. :lICHBj B KMeee. (BbI, 01111, 3HHa,
(II, MbI, BbI,
sac HCX3.n.
011 Bic ......eT. .sf MC Hcxan. Bic HlQj. (01111, MbI, alia,
a.
MloI)
5. Oleg ",if( get the tickets. Oleg got the tickets.
.sf
st
OIler llOCTflllCT 6HJleTbJ.
AnCKCCCB,
,Il,ocr.l.Hy 6H.11hbl. JJ.ocnl.n 6KJ1eTW. (MloI, Oint, Bbl, HaTawa,
H)
'fbi,
BomCOB)
O.fJer .nocri.'l 6u.'leTbi. • QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Have you already sent the letter? No, 1'1/ send it tomorrow. Rbi )'JKC oOCllfuIH OHCbMO?
2. Have they already arrived? No, they'll arrive today. OH" )')Ke npHexanH?
Hb, II 38BTpa 1I000JIIO. OmI )'JKC 1I00003.na nJtCbM6?
HeT, OUR npHe.ayr cerO)lHSI. Baw Jlpyr)'JKc llpHexan?
HCT,
HeT, 611 npHCJleT CCI"Omui.
Olla lJiBTpa nOlWltIT.
(Oner, Tbl,
OUH, MM, 3Hlla, Bbl)
(BaWJ.l Jlpy3MI, TIIOH cccTpa, yKpaIIHUM)
• MIXED STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
Past tense to prcscnt·futurc and vice versa. '1. He didn't say a thing.
He wo,,'t say a thing.
OJ{
Hll'icr6 lie cxa33.n.
OK UH'Iero lie CK8...CT. Bbl HII'lCr6 lie cd.:lICCTe. 8bi IIH'IerO lie cKalJi.'1H. OHa HH'lera IIC CK3.3a..na. MblIIH'lCr6 lie CKtt"'CM. Omi IIH'lcr6 UC Ck3.33n:H. .sf IIH'ICrO HC CXWKy. Tw JlH'lcr6 IIC cJC3.3a..n.
2. I' /I slice the bread. I've sliced the bread.
.sf
Hape:llCy xnc6. lIapthaJJ XJJC6. Tw lIape3a.JJ xne6. Tw Hape*eun. XJlC6. Mbl Hape:lKCM xne6. Oncr Hape3aJ1 xnoo. OHH lIape*YT xnC5. 8blllap6an1l xne6. OJlbfa napbceT xne6. .sf HapClan xnro.
a.
LESSON 12
265
11
3. They closed the windows. They'lf close the windows. Qmi 3aKPblJIH 6Klla. OHM JaKpOJOT olma. My 3aKpOeM OKHa. MW 38KphmH OKII8.
3aKpMJI OKlla. Kh.ll' 3alCpblJIa OKHa. np060ltHJfKH 3aKpLlJUt OKHa. Bhl 3aKp6eTe OKHa.
Genitive plural noun endings: special problems I. CTOil-Douns with stems ending in the always-hard consonant 1.\ take the ending -06 only if the stress falls on the ending: orypltOB. If the stress falls on the stem, the ending is spelled -eB:
llMepHKallu:eB, yKpaHuu:e6, TaHQeB. Remember that this is merely a spelling convention and thal is always pronowlced hard: [arpipkancif. ukrajincif, agurc6f].
II
2. Particular problems arise in forming the genitive plural of certain CTOn-- and oK1lo-nouns with stems ending in the consonant sound (j].
a. CTOJI-nouns ending in ii in the nominative singular take the genitive plural ending --es (stressed: -CB). NOM SG
NOM PL
GEN PL
rep6" hero
repolt "Iau
repOCB "IaeB
"Ia"
tea
b. Most CTOn- and oKRa-nouns which teoninate in unslressed -bH in the nominative plural take the ending -CB (retaining the preceding -b). Most are nouns with only their plural stems ending in U]. NOM PL
6parMI CryJIh.ll neph.ll' nJIaTh.ll
GEN PL
brothers chairs pen points dresses
6parhea crYJIhea nephea TIJ1aThea
c. Those CTOJl~nOUns whose nominative plural terminates in stressed -bli: have a zero-ending genitive plural with e inserted before the final -ii. Here -ii is not an ending. strictly speaking. but the Cyrillic way of representing the stem consonant (j] after the inserted vowel. NOM PL
M)'JKMi: AP)'3Mi: CblHOBh~
[muzja] husbands [dru~a] friends [sina'da] sons
GEN PL
M)'JKell
[mufej] ,py3eii [dru¢jJ ChlHOBe" [sinayej)
3. A few cron-nouns have zero-ending genitive plural foons which are identical with their nominative singular foons. NOM SG
OltllIl pa3 OltIDI COJl,rUtT OltUH rpYJu"
266
LESSON 12
one time one soldier one Georgian
GEN PL
Muoro p
many times many soldiers many Georgians
4. A few other nouns, such as pe6th3 and rocno,Qa (plural of l'ocnO,lUttl), have a zero ending in the genitive plural. NOM PL
GEN PL
guys, fellows, kids rocno,Q3 gentlemen, ladies and gentlemen
pc6liT
pc6liTa
rocn6,Q
5. (;ToJl-nouns ending in -tlHHH or -AHHII in the nominative singular lose the suffix plural and have a zero ending in the genitive plural.
NOM SO rpaJK,WlHUH aHrJTH'13HHH enmniuHJI
citizen Englishman Egyptian
NOM PL rpaJK,ll,alle aHrJlH'l3He enmTRlle
~KH
in the
GEN PL rp3"""'" aHrJlH'l3H erHnTRH
• RESPONSE DRILL
• CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
I don't see any chaiTS. Where are the chairs? J1 He Blb"y CTjJlbCB. r.me crYJlloA ? J1 He Blbtcy aMepudlll.teB. r.me llMeptlKlimu.J? (yxpaHHUeB, rpy:HlH, pe6srr, nnaTheB, ncpbCB, ee 6paTbeB, HX M}')Keii, ero ,aPYJeii, OrypUOB)
(Georgians) Whom did you ask? The Georgians. (rpYJUHhI) Y Kor6 Bbr cnpaWHBaJIH? y rpptUt, (M}')KhJi) Y Kor6 Bbr cnpaWH.8anH? Y My.eii. (,QPYlbJt, 6panSl, pe6S1Ta, .ae8ywKH, yxpanHUb.I, aMcpHK3HUbl, naplfH, Y'llITCJUi)
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS I. Don't you have any dresses?
We do. The dresses are over there. Hb 1m y BaC lUIaThCB? £en, UJianK BOH TlIM. H\h JlH Y BaC eTYJlbCB? {:e1'l" CrjJlbA BOil TaM, (orypUOB, nepbCB, IIO)l(eii, CJloBapeii, KapaH.uaweii, Cl'yJThCB, aT1IaCOB, CTOJlOB)
.3. Can one get chairs there? No, there are no chairs there. n.M M6)1(lIo ,D,OCTan crYJlhJl? HtIT, T8.1\4 HtIT crym.eB. TaM M6)1(HO ,QOCTaTh nePl.Jl? HtIT, y mix "tIT nepbC8. (nJlaTbJt, orypUbI, CTyJlbJt, nCpbJl)
2. Where are the dresses? I don't see any dresses. r.ae nmiThJt? A He 8111)1(y lIJIanea. r.ue aMepHdHubI? A He 8111)1(y aMepHKlIIlu:eB. (CTyJTbJt, nepbSl, HX M}')I(bSl, ero .uPYJbR, rpY:IHHbI, pe6J1T3, orypUbI, ee 6paThR, yKpaHHUbl) 4. Do they have dictionaries? No, they don't have any dictionaries. Y HID: CcTh CllOBapu? HtITl y uHX uer CJloaapeii. Y nux OCTh ncpMI? UtIT, y HNx Db I.ePbe8. (crynbSl, nnaTb~, 6paTbR, nopT¢enH, 80)1(11, Kapau.aaWH, APYJMI, orypllbl)
LESSON 121ft?
• SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILL
Their brothers were at our place. We were at their brothers' place.
Hx 6p3.TbJl 6wIH y HaC. M":': 6LmH y H:x 6pan.eB. fix M}')lCbli 6b1nH Y HaC. M":': 6bLrni Y Kx My*eii. (HX HP}'3bJl, rpy:mHbI, pe6J1Ta,
aMCpllKaH-
tU>I, YKpalOll.{bI, "X ",ellbl, IIX cicTpbl)
• TRANSLATION DRILL
I. There are no pens here. 2. There are no chairs in the dormitory. 3. There are no Americans in the dormitory. 4. There are no Ukrainians in the dormitory. 5. There are no Georgians in the dormitory. 6. There are no dresses at GUM. 7. He has no brothers. 8. He has no friends. 9. The fellows have lots of time. 10. The husbands have no time. 11. I've read War alld Peace many times. 12. We were at [our] friends'. 13. We were at our brothers' (places).
The use of the genitive after numbers MODELS
C
sac HOll py6mi.
You owe two rubles.
_ _ '1'H _ _.
___ 'h= __
_ _ 'leThlJ'e-.
_ _ _ four _ _
3TO CTOHT
)].BC KoncHIa-I. _ _ _ TpH . _ _ _ _ 'lCTblpe __.
This costs two kopecks. _ _ _ lhrce _ _ _ _ _ four _ _
lillJle-r CTOHT miTb py6J1CH. _ _ _ _ _ WCCTb _ _.
A ticket costs five rubles.
_ _ _ _ ceMo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ u6ceMb _ _. _ _ _ _ _ HCORTb _ _.
_ seven __. _ _ _ _ _ cight __. ______ nine _ _.
_ _ _ _ _ JICCSlTh _ _•
_ _ _ _ _ ten _ _.
>1: 3amJanrn nliTb KoneCK. _ _ _ _ lliCcTh _ _. _ _ _ _ etMb _ _
_ _ SV<
_
~
B6ceMb _ _.
_ _ _ _ HeBRTb _ _ _ _ _ necRTb __•
_ _ _ _ s;x _ _.
I paid five kopecks. •
__seven _ _. _ _ eigbt _ __mne _ _ _ len _
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that tbe genitive singular is required aficr .llB8, .;me, ..-pH, and '1eTh1pe; and the genitive plural for min, on up. Note also that ABe replaces HJUi with all feminine nouns. Compare .;me cecTpL71, ABC TeTpallH with Hoi py6mi, Hoi CJi008. 268
LESSON 12
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
Response with consecutive numbers (one to ten). I. How much does this cost?
2. How much do lowe? One kopeck. CKOJILKO c Memi? O./Ula KOlleiiKa. CKOJlbKO C Memi?
One ruble. CKOJThKO 31'0 CTOHT? OltKu py6J1L. CKonbKo :ho n08T? )(Ba py6J1H.
)(Be KoneiD.'"H.
3. How many notebooks do you have? I have one notebook. CKOJThKO y BaC TeTpaneii? Y MellH O./Uill. TeTp8,D.L. C"onbKo y BaC KHHr? Y MettH JlBe KJlHnt. (6paThea, CJloaapeit, py'leK, KOMllaT, KapaunaUleij, nepbea, aIUlOK, nO:lKeK)
4. How much did you pay for it? One ruble, two kopecks. I CKOJJbKO 8bI 3alUiaTiUTH 3a :ho? OllKn py6Jlb ):tHe KoneKKH. CKOJ1bKO ahl 3annaT"J18 3a 3TO? ,lI,Ba py6J1H TPH KOuCHKH.
5. How many days
6. How many weeks wj//you be in the U.S.S.R.? Two weeks. CKOJ1bIW HeaeJlL 8M 6Y.nc-re a CCCP?
wj//
you be in Moscow?
Only two days. CKOJIbKO .nile" Bb"r 6Y.ne-re a MocKBe? TOJILKO JtB9. ./Um. CKonbKo .uneu ahl 6Y.ne-re a MocKBe? TOJlbKO TpH JUtH.
)(Be HCaeJlH.
CKOJ1bIW Hc.neJlb ahl 6Y.nCTC a CCCP '! TPH lIe,ll;MH.
DISCUSSION
The number one differs from the other numbers in that it is treated as a modifier with separate forms for each gender: O)];HII py6JTb, oAIIl'i Koue.iKa, O./UIO CJroao. The other numbers when used in nominative and accusative constructions are accompanied by thc genitive case: genitive singular for 2, 3, 4; and genitive plural for 5 and up. There is a special fer.ninine form for two: ABe; masculine and neuter nouns require.a.sa. It is important to remember that compounds such as 21, 22, 31, 32, 101, and 102 require the noun form to agree with the last element of the compound only: TpH.llUaTh OnHIl py6.'lb 3/ rubles, TpH.llUaTh ~ KOUeHKII 32 kopecks, TpKJ:J;u:aTb TpH CTyltelITa 33 students.
Unidirectional versus multidirectional verbs of motion MODEL~
UNIDIRECTIONAL
51 H.nY a wlpK. R elty n MOCKBy. R wen a napK. .sf eXaJJ a MocKBy. , Continue up to nine rubles. ten
I'm going to l'm going to I was on my I was on my
the park. Moscow. way to the park . way to Moscow.
(all foot) (by vehicle)
(on foot) (by vehicle)
kopeck~.
LESSON
12
269
MULTIDIREC1'lONAL
A 'iacTO xO)l(Y IJ napK. A 'lac1'O e3)1(y a Moclmy. R 'iaCTO XOD.Hll B napK. R 'iac1'O lb,nllll a MocKaY.
I often I often I often I often
go to the park. go to Moscow. went to the park. went to Moscow.
(on Joot) (by ~e"icle) (on JOOI) (by I'ehicle)
UNIDlRECTIONAL
INFlNInVE
II}.(Tli 10 be going (on foot)
eX8Tb to be going (by vehicle)
PRESENT
ltlIy, ltlIernb. ItlIh, ltlIeM,
e.ny, e.newb. e.neT, e.neM, e.nere, eD,YT
1tlIt=Te,
HJ1YT
we.n, rnmi. rnllO, UIJDf:
PAST
exan, -a,
-0, -ll
MULTIDlRECTJONAL
JNFlNInVE
xoJUi"n, to go (on foot)
eJJlHTlo
PRESENT
xo.y, XO.nHlllb, XOJ]}IT, XOllHM, XO,nHTe, XOJVIT
CJ:lKy, O.nHllJb, On.HT, CJ.nKM, CJllHTe, C::3JV1T
PAST
xo.min, -a,
C::3.n1UJ, -a,
• REPETITION
-0, ~H
to go (by vehicle)
-0, -H
DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that H,D,TIi and exaTb describe motion in process or intended motion. Contrast them with XOtufft, and e:uum., which describe repeated motion, Le., motion in more than one direction. In addition, remember that HlITIi and XO)lHn. ordinarily indicate going on foot, while exan. and e3JU[l'1> indjcate going by means of some vehicle. • SUBSTITUTION DRILLS ~ay
I. She oJten goes to cOl/certs. Qua 'itiCTO X6.lUIT Ha KOHUCpThI. C'Ty.LtCHThI 'iaCTO X6.nRT Ha KOHUepThI. (Mbl, sr, TbJ, Bbl, 01U1, HaTaIUa, CTy.neIlTlm)
2. She's on her
3. I oJten go 10 Kiev.
4. Zina and Philip (Ire on their way 10 Moscow. 3HHa H l1tHJlHlm e,ll,yr B MOCKBy.
s1: 'i8.CTO C3:lKy
B
Kl-iea.
OHN '{aCTO tJ,WIT a KHea.
(aJI.MIUlIlCTpa1'op, MbI, 1'bI, sr, Olfll)
(MY,
.II,
Db! e.ne1'e Bbl,
31'a
)KCHlJUtlla,
to a concert.
OHll HJ1e1' Ifa KOiluepT. Tbr II.ltCWb Ha KOHuepT. Ollll, KllplIJJn, abl)
MocKoy. (sr, M'hl, TW, oua, Haw II BomCOB, Bbl, 01111) B
CTY.l1CIlTKII,
• STRUCTURE REPL.ACEMENT DRIL.L.S
I.
rm on my way to school. I go to school. A ~ a wxony.
s1: xO:«Y • WKOJJY.
Mw ltlIeM 8 wKony. Mw x6AKM • WKOJI)'. (Ha1'awa,
01111, TbI, Jr, Bbl, MOll 6paT, MbI
B<%)
270
LESSON 12
2. I'm on my way to Leningrad. I oJten go to Leningrad.
.s1 en.y B lleIlIlHrpA..n. s1: ..aero b*y a JleulUD'"pti.n. OIlH CJIYT a lleHHHrpa.n. OHli. ..aCTO bJUIT a JIetfH~. (MLl, Thl, TOaapHlll. BoJIKoa, npoBOlUlHK, aLl, Jr, OHK)
3. Were you on your way to the park? Did you go to the park? BbI' W1II1 B napK? Obi
XOARJlM B
Ow
mipK?
Tw WM B napK? Tbi
4. Were you on your way Did you go to Kiell? ObI exam1 B K{lce?
XOARJI B wi~?
(oHa WJTa, OIiH WJm, Thf WJTa, OJTer men)
e3J];HJlH B
10
Kiell?
KHes?
QHa eXaJla B KHcB? OHa bANna 8 Kllcs? (lbi cxan, OHH CXaJlH, DommB exan, crynCuTlm exanH, Tbl exana)
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. We saw you on the bus.
Were you on your way downtown?
Mbi re61i
BH..ue.n1l B
a8T06yce.
Tw exan B ropo,a? Mw sac BH..ue.rnt B aBTo6yce. Ow eXaJDI • ropo,a! (ee, ero, mlil, BaC, HX)
2. I saw you yesterday near the park. Were you on your way to the park! B'Iepa Ii BaC BH.a.CJ1 OKOJTO napKa. Bw UIJIii 8 oipK?
B'IepA Ii ero BK.aeJJ okono napKa. Oil wen 8 wipK! (IIX, ee, Te61i1, Bac, ero)
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Where were you on Saturday morning? I went to the library.
2. Where were you last week? I went to KharkOIl.
fll,e rn 6bm 8 cy666ry YrPoM? A xoJl.lin • 6M6JUKrreK)'. r,ae OHa 6bU1a 8 cy666ry YrPoM? OHa xoroilla • 6M6mIOTeKy. rne Bbl, Kan, 6blJUt B cy666T)' YrPoM? rne Bbl, Oner, 6bl/lH B cy666Ty YrPoM? rne lbl, HpHHa, 6wJTa B cy666Ty YrPoM? file OU" 6bIJUt B cy666Ty YrPoM? fll,e 6H 6bln B cy666Ty :iTpoM? fll,e BbI' 6bulH B cy666Ty YTPOM? 3. Do you walk to work? No, I go by bus. Ow xOJufTe Ita paooTy neWKOM? HeT, Ii h*y 118 8ST66ycc.
fne ru 6bm Ha np6wnoH "enene? st b,1UlJJ 8 XapbK08. file rn6blna Ha np6wJToii Hell,enc? A lh,lUlJla 8 XapblCOB. fne BbI, Oner, 6.bLnH Ha np6WJTOH uenene? fne BbI, 3HHa, 6wnH ua np6WJTOH HCll,ene? fne OHH 6wIH Ha np6WJTOH ue.nene? f.ne Ou 6bLn ua np6wnoH UCll,ene? fAe OHa 6bU1a Ha np6mnoH HeAene? 4. Are you going to the theater by cab? No, we're going on/oat.
Bw elleTC 8 TcaTp 113 TaKCH? HeT, MY lI.l1.eM netuKOM. Thl e,neUJb 8 Tea'rp ua TaKcli? Her, , HJJ;Y netuKOM. (aHa, 011.11, EBremdf, MbI, Tbl, KaTjI)
Omi x6nR"r lIa pa66Ty newKOM? Her, 0118 e:t./I.KT "8 8BT66yce. (Olla, TItI, 8aw 6paT, 8awa ceCTpa, OHH,
....
)
DISCUSSION
Mostnon·prefixed, motion verbs have an added feature not found in other verbs: a double set of imperfectives used to distinguish between unidirectional motion and multidirectional motion. The unidirectional imperfectives describe a single, one-way trip to a specific destination. It may refer to an action that is (or was) in process or to one intended in the near future.
51 ceH'IaC HJtY B napK. 3flBTpa Ii HJti B KHHO. 51 eD.Y B MOCKBy. 3asrpa. Ii eJJ.Y 8 MOCKBy.
I'm I'm I'm rm
on my way to the park now. going to the movies tomorrow. on my way to Moscow. going to Moscow lomorrow. LESSON 12
271
The multidirectional imperfectives describe movement in marc than onc direction or unspecified as to destination. This may include one or more round trips, or movement in several directions.
>1 He JIIo6mo xO,l],liTb. A xO,l],liJl R napK. A C3AIUI R KlieR. A 'faCTO eJ:lKY R KlieR.
I don't likc to walk. I went to the park (and returned). I went to Kiev (and returned). I onen go to Kiev.
In addition to the distinction between unidirectional and multidirectional movement, Russian also distinguishes between movement under one's own power (1IJtfli, xoroino) and movement by means of somc conveyance (ban., bavn.). While the verbs exan. and b,!IHTb are limited 10 the description of a person's travel by conveyance, the movement of the conveyance itself is usually described by means of IUfni or xoJUin,. Compare
86T HJJ.eT aBTo6yc. 3TOT nOeJ,ll "l!eT B KlieB. noe3,lla cerOJllul lie XOJUlT.
Here comes the bus. This lrain goes to Kiev. Trains aren't running today.
wilh
A ClJ.Y B Kliee.
I'm going to Kiev. We went on the tram.
Mw
eJl~IUlI1
lIa nOe311e.
The verb IIJI.TM is also used in many idioms. B KUIIO lIlleT xop6wlIii $HnbM. l1neT ,llOJKAb. (llien ,l],OJlC)lb.) l1neT CHer. (llien CHeLl 3roT KOCnOM saM lI,llh.
There's a good picture showing at the movies. It's raining. (It was raining.) It's snowing. (It was snowing.) That suit becomes you.
The verbs XO.n.Hn. and elJl.HTl> have perfectives which are very rarely used: noxoroin. to do a bit of walking and ooe:JAMTh to do a bit of riding. The most frequently used perfectives are fanned from IUIl"Ii and exaTb: nom and noexan.. These perfectives describe the accomplishment of setting out for one's destination with nothing said about the return.
611
nowen R Mara:ufH. R MocKBy.
6H noexan
He went to the store or He set off for the store. He went to Moscow or He set off for Moscow.
Now note the use of the imperfective past of xOAKn. and elltKTb. which in similar situations, tell us that the person went and returned.
6H xoJJitn B Mara3lill. 6H C3,llHll B MocKay.
He went lo the store (and is already back). He went to Moscow (and is already back).
Long-form adjectives: nominative singular and plural MOOELS
3TO KpacliBbI" KocnOM.
c - - - - - roPO,ll· 3TO KpacliBoe OKH6. 3ro ICpacliBaJI Kapniua. -;ICOMHau.
That's a lovely _____ That's a lovely _____
3,-0 KpacHBLIe sewH. _ _ _ _ _ ,llOMa.
Those are lovely things. _ _ _ _ _ _ houses.
_ _ _ _ _ 0611.1exH-rne.
272
LESSON
That's a lovely suit. _ _ _ _ _ city.
12
window. donnitory. picture. room.
31"OT aTJI3C CTapW~.
____ .,.-3TO
)],oporo~.
This atlas is old. _____ expensive .
XOp6WH~.
_ _ _ _ good.
nJlaTbe CTapoe.
This dress is old. _____ expensivc . _ _ _ good. This book is old. _____ expensive. _ _ _ _ good. These books are old. _ _ _ _ _ _ expensive. _ _ _ _ _ good.
_ _ _ _ )],opor6e. .,.-xopOwee.
3m KHu.ra crl.p:ul. _ _ _ _ )],oporaSi. -,---
XOP6W:UI. KIIHrH cr.ipble. _ _ _ _ )],oporne. _ _ _ _ xop6wHe.
3TH
KaxOH 6onbwoH JlOM! _ _ XOpOWHH
Kaxue 60JIbwHe KapTHHbl! _ _ xop6wHe !
What a large house! ___ RIce ! What a large building! ___ nice ! Wbat a large apartment! ___ nice ! Wbat large pictures! _ _ nice !
rJle 6onbwoH 3An? __ 60nbwaSi aYJlHTopIUl? _ 60nbw6e 06We-'«HTHC? __ 60JlbwHe peCTOp3.Hbl?
Where's the large hall? _ _ the large auditorium? _ _ the large dormitory? Where are the large restaurants?
:no BTOp6H yp6K. __ BTOpaX neKLUUI.
This is the second lesson. ___ the second lecture. ___ the second meeting.
~
KaK6e 6onbw6e 3113HHC! _ _ xop6wee !
Kadll 60Jlbwall KBapnipa! _ _ xop6W:ul !
_ _ BTOp6e
c06paHHe.
Y MeUM CTapwH CJ10eapb.
I have an old dictionary.
_ _ _ CTap:ul TeTp3..nb. _ _ _ CTapoe nnaTbe. Mbl CTaphle llPY3bR.
_ _ an old nOlebook. _ _ an old dress. We're old friends.
6opl.lJ, rOpR'IHi:f. _ _ XOpOWKH.
The borsch is hot. _ _ _ _ good.
Bona rOpR'Ia$l. _ _ xopowa$l. MonoIC6 rOpR'Iee.
_ _ _ _ good.
_ _ _ xop6wee.
_ _ _ _ good.
The water is hol. TIle milk is hot.
lUH ropJi'lllc.
The schi is hot.
_
_ _ _ good.
XOp6WIlC.
HH:lKHUH 3T{l:l1C 3amlT. HIDtcllu KBapTlfpa 3aJU1T3..
HlhKllee MecTO J3W1TO. HWKHlle 3TaJKH JaHJITbi.
The lower floor is occupied. The lower apartment is occupied. The lower berth is occupied. The lower Doors are occupied.
LfSSON
12
273
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting the pattern of adjective endings. Observe that the stress may be consistently on the endings (as in 6
I. Where are the factories? Where are the large factories? rne $3.5pmm? Cae 60JIbwHe ~a6pHKM? r.ne ManmfH? 6oJlbUloii Mar83HH? (reaTp, cnoBap.., JIa60paToplUl, 05me)f{lfflie, OlCHO, O'lepeJl.h, CTaHlJ)Uf, IIOlK, wxa4>, lCHHO, napK, 4>a6pHK8, llJ.J.J;HK, pecTopan, 6H6JUfoTeKa)
n.e
2. Here are the boys. Here are the Russian boys. B6T mipHH. 86T pyCCKHC mipllH.
BOT JteayuIKa. BOT pYCCKav .a.eBymKa. (yqlITCJUi, CJIOBapb, KapTa, 4>illTbM, pOMaH, lCH.HrH, 4>a6pHKa)
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
Is the room large or small? Small. KOMH8Ta 60nbuJast tUm ManeHblClUI? MaJletlhKaJI. Bame MecTO BepxHee ibm Hlf:lfmee?
Baw B-arOH :lKecTKHH H.rrH wirKHii? KBapnipa M8.JJeHbKa~ 601lbWaH?
wm
HlhKuee. OryPuhl xOpOllme HJIH Moxlie? • STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
Here's the small auditorium.
2. The atlases are expensive. The atlas is expensive.
BOT 60JIblllall ayJtHTOpWI. BOT MaJIetlbKaH aY.lI.HTOpuH. BOT cKy'lllbie lCnHfH. BOT HHTepeCHble KHHnI. BOT eepXHee MecTO. BOT nno.u"ie CTYlleUThI. BOT M3.JIeHbKaR CT3.HulUl. BOT X?p6WHH Cl·YJteHT. BOT MgnmH earoH. BOT H"lKHee MecTo. BOT lKCCTlCHii BaroH.
ATJIaCbI Jtoporne. ATnac lloporoii. KHHru HHTCpeCUhIC. Kuiira HHTCpCcH8H. OopT$emt XOpOWHC. 06we)f{HTIDI 60JlbWHe. nnaTbSl KpacHBbIe. CnoeapH lloporHe. nepbSl [lJIoxHe. KOMHaTbl M3.JIenbKHe. CTyJIbR Yllo6l1hle.
l. Here's ihe large auditorium.
3. You're a good friend. You're good friends. Bhi XOp6WHH JtpYr. BLi XOpOUDlC Jl.PY3bH. Bbl CTaPblii APYr. Rbi cnipble llPPbH. 3TO M3.JICHblClUI KOMHaTa. 3TO M3.JIeHbKOe OKHO.
274
LESSON 12
BOT M.lIrKl1ii BaroH. BOT )f{ecnmii Baron. Y Hac 60JlbW3.R aYllHTOplUl. Y Hllc XOpOWlUI ayJtItTOp»S1. Pe3Y1lbTaT HennOXO". KapTa He6oJIbWaSi. .nOM He6oJlbWOH.
DISCUSSION
Russian adjectives follow a fairly simple pattern of endings in the spoken language. Because of the peculiarities of the spelling system, however, they appear complicated in writing. For con· venience we group them according to their last stem consonant as hard stems, sofl stems, and mixed stems. 1. Hard stems are those with stems ending in any hard consonant except ut, ~, ", r, or x: 6oJlbllOii, "pacNBblii, CTapblii. 2. Soft stems are those with stems ending in soft II: IlH~IIKii. BCpXHKii. 3. Mixed stems are those with stems ending in ", r, x, ut, ~, 't, and m: ~ecr"Kii, npyl"OH. 6oJJbwOii. l-opli'IHii.
ADIECIlVE ENDINGS IN THE NOMINATIVE SINGULAR AND PLURAL
SINGULAR
PLURAL
Masculine (-wi) . BTOpOii ICpacHBwi ~ii
HARD STEMS
SOFT
-Hit
HH:lICIlKH
STEMS
I. Stems ending
inK,I',x MIXED
STEMS
~ii
(-HH) JlPyroH MarreflbKHii
------ ----2; Stems ending m ut, iK, 't, III
-oil (-KM) 6011bw6ii ropH'lHii
Neuter
Feminine
-oe
-aa
-"e
BTOpOe ICpaCHBoe
BTopia ICpaCHB8SI
BTO~C
ICpaCHBblC
-ee
-a.
-He
"H)Kllce
HH:lICHaSi
IIIhkllHC
-oe Jlpyr6e ManeHbKoe
-"
Jlpynia Muneubkaa
..
-He
.lJ.pyni:c MalleHhkKC
----- ----- - - - - -He -OC (-ee) 60JlbWOe ropsi'lee
60nblll8H mpsi'l311
60JlbWHe ropH'lHe
Mixed stems ending in ,,) r, and x follow the same basic patlern of endings as hard stems, except that, instead of -Wi (m) and -ble (PI), the endings are -HH and -He respectively; the preceding K, r, or x is automatically softened. Compare KpacHBloIii, KpacHBblc with M8.rJCHbKHii, ManeHbKHc. Hard stems have the masculine ending -Oii if stressed, but -lolii if unstressed. Compare BTopOii, MOJJOJlOH with crapblii, KpacMBblii. Mixed stems ending in lU and )I( have the masculine and neuter endings -oii and -Oe if stressed, but -ttii and -ee if unstressed. Compare 6oJJblllOii, OOnbutOe with xOpOlllHii, xop6wee. Note that some adjectives function as nouns and that some surnames are adjectival in form; CTOJJOeall (for CToJloeasi ..-6MHan), aiuHu (for eaHHasI KO~HaTa), TOJJCToii, j(OCToeBCKHii. The sur· name for Miss or Mrs. Tolstoy is TOJJCTaa and for Miss or Mrs. Dostoevsky, j(OCToeBCKlUiI. In the plural the Tolstoys are To.IICTWe and the Dostoevskys j(OCToeBCJ,."MC.
LESSON 12
Z75
4TEHHE H nHCbMO
, ~/~~2
-~, ~.
-:Jnw kaa
2
-~. ~ ~ I<:a:-~~,
-$h
~~,2_~j/~ec?7U-
~~IU/~"~~ (L.~~ $k=~.2-~,
r=~' fAa-~~~ -~, ~/~--k~~
.M?U-Z_~ ~,-:bw~~~
IU/
~
,2-.0z,..a«- C~ ~
~.-.fZ~~~,
::»no
evJ
~.2 -
£2a,
~
rpaEIT.
Moli lPaMHnHR
-
6cHlI08. jf H3 fleHHl:lrpa.a.a. A DbI OTKY.n:a? }l3 AMepHKH.
A Ka.K 83W3 ¢aMRnHSI?
T6nbKo npHt~xaJl cer6D.IDI.
pall.
aawa KOMHan?
BOT dK! 6'feHb
~
BOT 3Aecb, Hanp{mo. TaK MbI: TooapuU{H no KOMHaTe! BOT yn3.'1a: Ji KaK paJ y'ty aurmiitcKHH Sl3bIK.
-
0, Obi rooopHn no-aHrnHi'icKH?
-
HeMHoro.
-
nou.ne-re cer6.nIDI B 6H6J1HOTeKy?
)lll., n6c.rle 066,aa. LessoN
12
c aaMi1 n03H3KOMl1TbCSl.
Cue
-
~ CK3)1(HTe, Obi
276
Z-c0a,~.
-
- .st
eve kn- U-CH<-~,
-
llo>KaJlyficTa, B03bMIfTe )))HI MeHli «BoHuy H MHpll. Xopow6. Ho Bbl, Kf!.:+::eTC.sI, HeJl
-
HOCHJ1bUlHK. B03bM~fTe. nO:lK3.JTyHcT3,
Moli 6ara)l(,
- CeH'lac. Bbl xonrre noexaTb H3 TaKe"? J1.a, Ji 6'ieHb enemy. -
BOH T.3.M TaKe". TaKe"! nOJlO:)I0ITb BeW" 86ara)KHHK?
-
)l.a, nOlK3nyHCTa. BOT, CnacH60.
B03bMHTe
10 KoneeK.
-
Obi: 'laCTO XOJ1HTe B KHHO?
-
XO:lKY, tlO He '13CTO. HHor.n:a B cy666ry. XOTitTe nOHTH J3BTpa BC'fepoM? A 'ITO H,l.leT?
-
Mlip}). 3TO. IGlJKeTCJl. 3MepHdHclmij lj>HnI.M?
-
D.fl, ".
-
nOH,a,eM. HHTepecHo nOcMoTp«ITb.
-
«DaHill'!
Ii
rOBop~, XOp6WHH.
- >1 -
e.ny 80 Bna.nlIBOCTOK. KalKeTCSI, MhI nOIlYr't.HKH? .[la, 1'10 TOJ1bKO ltO MOCKBb.. >1 eAY B MOCKOy. CKOJlbKO apeMeH" exaTb .no MOCK8bJ?
-
Wec-rb '"IaCoD. A CKOJlbKO OT MOCKBbI lt~ Bn3AHBOCTOKa?
-
CCMb AIltHi,
KCl)KeTCJl.
- TciK 116nro? Kor,Q3.:t
CerO.o.HJI nOHeAenhHHK. 3HaqHT li npueJIY 80 Bna.o.IIBocrOK Ha cncAyK)ll.[eH HeAene,
BO 8TOpHHK »nH 8 CPCAY· -TaKC»! - BAM Ky.o.a? _ B rOCTHHHuy (YKpaltHa»). TOJIbKO li O"leHb cnewy. - ~TO miTb MnHYr, He 60Jlbwe. - Hy aOT, Mbl y)l(C cAeM nll:Tb MHHy-r. Ell.[c ,uaJIeKo? - Hth) cejjqac. BOH, BHll:HTe, Haneeo 60J1hUlOjj .nOM? ~TO ((YKpaHlla»). - npeKpaCIIO. CKOJ1bKO C MeHli? - Aaa.aU3Tb KoneeK. - nO)l(3JIyHCTa. -
-
Ii
eCTb rOCTlhml.l;a
Bbl r08opiITe, 'ITO 33K333nH 3ll:eCb HOMep? A3, Ji 33K33a.n He6oIlbWOH HOMep ,lV1S1 O,l{Boro. K:\K 83W3 ¢3MHnHl'!? rp3HT. Hmfnn rp3HT. Bbi 3MepHK3..fleu? A3. A CTYl{CHT MOCKOBCKoro YllHaepcHTe-r3. A. 3Ha'fHT 8br He .n:OJ1ro y HaC 6YJleTe. He-r, T611bKO llB3 JVlJl:. LESSON 12
1:"17
LESSON
13
PREPARATJON FOR CONVERSATION
Be'lepHHH, -lUI; -ee, -He l{HT,Urre «Be'lepHJOJO MOCkBY'». ra3C'ra nocoBCTosan. (prv I), nOCOBeT}'lO, -eWb, -JOT KaKyJO ralhy BbI MHe nocoseryeTe 'lHTan. ? H3BCcTHe t&boocnul» (pi) «npaB.n.a » HMHa, KaKylO raJiTy Bhr Mae nocoBiTyc-re "lHTan. -
Her,
«fIpu.n.Y», dh~»?
"lHTaiiTe \(Be'fiptllOtO MOCKBy)l.
06bllBJlCHHe TeaTpaJlbHblA TaM TeaTpanbllbiC 06bHsncHHH. npoHClllCCTBHC TaM TeaTpanbllble 06bllSJlCHH}I, npoHcwCCTBH}I. T6T )KC, Ta JKe, T6 JKe, Te JKe Be3J.J.C 11680CTb (f) H6socnl se3.nC TC )Ke. TlliM Te8rpa.'1hIfhlC 061>llBJJeulUl, npoHCUJttTllltK,
a
HOBOCTH
BeJJ.J.e n .e.
'1aCTllblH [~asnij] 'laCTHWe 06bHBJlCHH}I Y sac lib '1aCTHblX 06bHBJleHHH. npo.nasan. (I), npoJ.J.a.o, -eWb, -lin
evening Read the Evening Moscow. newspaper to advise What paper would you advise me to read? news, news report Izvestia (name of newspaper) Pravda (name of newspaper) Nina, which newspaper would you advise me to read, Pravda (orJ Izvestia? No, rcad the Evening Moscow. notice, announcement, declaration theater, theatrical It has theater notices. happening, occurrence, accident, event, incident It has theater notices and [local] events. the same everywhere· news, novelty The news is the same in all of them (iiI. everywhere). It has theater notices and local events, and the news is the same in all of them. private, personal wanl ads, private ads You don't have want ads. to sell
m
mOll«. JlIOJl.eii KaK :t::e .mOll« npo,naK)T CDOH acm«" A CKajKHTe, sOT y aac OCT ttaCTllblX 061>HBJICHHN, KaK :«e moll,M npoAa,Hn CRoff UtitH?
nOllep;KaHHblH
[pac;lerf:mij]
nonepa>aHHble BtIltH?
KOMHCCHOHHble Mara3HUbl B KOMHce«OHHhJX Mara3Hllax. TOJlKYttKa B KOMHCCHOHHblX lum Ha TOJlKy'lKax. 3HaKOMhFe (acc, gen, and prep pi 3l1aKoMhlx) 'Jepe3 (plus ace)1 4epe3 311aKoMLlx. npocToii (adv np6cm) 8 KOMHceItOlfflblX, nil TOJJKy'IKC, HJlH npOcTO "Icpe3 JHllK'OMhlX.
Ax,
BOT
OuO -no!
people Just how do people sell their things? Tell me, since you don't have wanl ads, bow do people sell their things?
secondhand Secondhand things? commission stores (state·managed secondhand stores) In commission stores. flea market, secondhand market In commission stores or at the flea market. acquaintances, friends through, across, by way of, in Through friends. simple, simply In commission stores, at the fica market, 'or simply through friends. Oh, so that's it!
pelUl3Ma Y .mc M3.JJO pelUlaM. JaMenrn. (pfv II), JaMe'ly, :laMeTlfWh, -'IT .st :laMe-run, 'ITO y sac Mana pelUlaM. M6K.ny npO"IHM MC*Jl.Y npO'OL\t, Ii laMent!I, ...ro y aac Ma.TJO peKnaM.
advertisement, advertising You have so few advertisements. to notice I've noticed you have very few advertisements. by the way, while we're on the subject By the way, I've noticed you have very few ads.
;KypHan Y Hac M3.JJo peKnAM, lla>KC B >KypH3.JJax. «OrOReK» (gen sg ,(OrOllbKa,,)
magazine, journal You have very few ads, even in magazines. Dgof/yok (name or Soviet magazine-lit. small light) You have so few ads, even in magazines, for example, in Ogonyok.
Y aac MallO peKJlliM, Jl,aiKe B *ypH8113X, 1I11llpllMep B «OrOllhKe».
O'lepK
'CllIA (jill! form
COCJl.IlHCHllbJe WT3.TbI AMepHK«) [e&Al or [Ha} Bbi '1HT3..Jrn O'lepK 0 CruA" nocnellHHii!-J1.,-ee,-He B nOCJ1eJI.ReM nOMepe 8 nOCne/lllCM. HOMepe 6bL'I OoiepK o cmA. Bbi 'fII"rinH?
sketch, essay, feature story Ihe U.S.A. Did you read the feature story on the U.S.A? last, latest in the last issue In the last issue there was a feature story on the U.S.A. Did you read it?
1 The: preposition 'Iepn is pronounced eitbcr with a ~al: stress on the: firsl syllable or without stlU$ allOgetoor. It has too meaning in only in time upressi.ons: ~ "i<: in an hour.
280
LESSON
13
l(MTllJI. A our 0':'- 113m :.KYPIl3.Jl .Al\.tcplII\a. JII3.eTe?
I did. But do you know our magazine America?
TPYllllO (adj TpYllHbIH)
hard, difficult Yes, but it's hard to get hold of it.
.ali, 110 en) TpY.tl.IIO llOCT8TL. H" o K3KOM KHocKe 1111 cnp6cllwb OTOe,p3cnp6llaH,-a,-o,-~
R t\a,,6~t "MOc"e 11M Cnp6cMlUt., BCer.wi OD.Ku OTBiT: ..PacrtpO.llaHLI ••
not (negative particle), no maHer no matter at which newsstand you ask answer sold out No matter al what newsstand you ask, it's always the same answer: 'They're sold out."
crp3.HIIO (adj crp3.HHblii) CrpaHIIO.
strange That's strange.
nocOnbCTOo llOCTaB3.Tb (I), llOCTafO, --ern\>, -fOT R MOry .aocraB3.Tb HX 8 H3.WCM noconbCTBe. OrYlUaiiTe, Ii MOt-y D.0CT3aan. Kx B
embassy to get, get hold of I can get them at our embassy. Listen, I can get them at our embassy.
HalUeM
nocOJ1bCTBe.
ROT xop0ut6! 6paTb (.), 6epy, -ernb, y sac.
Good! ~Yr
(pfv B311Tb)
s1 Tormi 6ylU' 6pliTb
to take, get, borrow Then I'll get them from you.
SUPPLEMENT
COse-rOB3Tb (I), COBthyt<'>, -eWb, -H>T
'·lTo Bbl Mile COOe,-yCTC? npo'lllTaTl> (pfv) RW)')ICe npo'lIlTaml raJe-ry? nerKII" nox~ijl nen,o [lixk6] He T3.K nerKO JJOCT3.Tb )f(ypml.n
(~epHKa}).
'lenOBCK (pi mOllll)
611
XOp6WHH 'lCnOUeK.
Qlla XOPOWIIH 'ICnOUeK.
pa.nIlO (indccl n) nOCJIYlIJaeM pa.nIlO. HOObl" 4TO HOBoro'1 MonOllO"
Rbi 3HaeTe :iTOro Mono,n6ro 'lenOoeKa'1 ynlfLt8 ~ BOT nO'lTa 'lepe3 YnllLty.
to advise What would you advise me '1 to read (through), to finish reading Have you finished reading the newspaper? easy, light easy, easily It's not so easy to get hold of the magazine America. person, human being, man He's a nice person. She's a nice person. radio Let's listen to the radio. new What's new? young Do you know this young man'1 street There's the post office across the street.
LESSON 13
281
¢J. -
<1>. H.
¢JH1IHnn
H. -
HIlHa
HMHa, KaKylO f83eTY 8b1: MHe nocoBhye-re 'IHTchb -
«npaB,lly», «113Becnub,1 1
2 HeT, '1HTaihc «Be'lepHlOIO MOCKBy>': TaM -rearpanbHble o6hSlsneHHR, npoHcrnOCTBHR, a HOBOCTH Be3JJ.e Te :lKc. 2
<1>.
3 Xopomo. A CKa:lKHTe, BOT Y sac Hh 'IaCTHblX 06'hRBneHHH, KaK :lKe mO,llH npO,ll8KH CBOH BemH 1
H.
4 nOJJ.ep:lKaHHblc? B KOMHCCHOHBblX, Ha TonKy'lKe,
<1>.
5
H.
6 JI,a. TaK BW )'IKe 3HaKOMbJ c «OroHbKoMll 1 KCTchH, B nOCJIettHeM H6Mepe 6hln O'lepK 0 CIlIA, 8';1 LJHTMH?'
<1>.
7 l.J:HTM. A BOT Bbl
H.
8 JI,a, HO cro TpyttHO JJ.oc-rnTb. B KaKoM KH6cKe HH cnp6cHlllb, BcerJJ.a OMH oTBer:
wm
npocTo 'Iepe3 3HaKoMblx. 1
Ax, eOT OHO 'ITO! Me:lKJJ.Y np6'1HM, if 3aMeTJUl, 'ITO y Bac Mano peKnaM. 4 ,[J;
Ualli :lKypHM «AMepHKall 3HaeTe?1
«PacnpOttaHbll'.
<1>.
9 Crp:iHHO. CnyrnaATe, if
H. 10 BOT xoporno!
MOry
ttOCTaB3.Tb HX 8 HallJeM nocOnbCTBe.
.st TOfJJ.a 6ytty 6paTb
y Bac.
«I1pb/.la>1 Prawla (Truth) and «J'(3aecrn» Izvestia (News) are the two largest Soviet newspapers; the first is the official party newspaper and the second is the official government newspaper. Each issue is usually made up of four pages, limited to national and international items of political significance. Note that «J.hlSic'rsm» is plural: >t no 'IJI'Ti;r • d138kTJurx».
NOTES
I
2 llBeotepKIUI MOCKluh used to be the only paper in the Soviet Union that published local news items, including accidents. There is also a comparable newspaper in Leningrad called (.
TOJlJI:Y'lKM are establishments where practically any secondhand item can be bought or sold. They are frowned on by the government and are frequently closed down or moved to the outskirts of town- to discourage people from patronizing them. KOMHCCM6ton.Ie MBnl3NuY are government-supported secondhand stores where people may buy and scU used things. A seller m~t wait to receive his money until the item bas actually been sold. 3
• The Soviet government is now doing a little more advertising of commodities than it did before World War II, using radio, posters. and occasionally even neon signs. Announcements on radio and television tell what goods have come into the slate stores. In addition, bulletin boards have been installed in display windows; on these boards, individuals can post announcements of things for sale. , (0r0HeK» is a popular weekly illustrated magazine whose contents range
from articles on national and international themes to fiction, verse, art reproductions, and crossword puzzles.
282
LESSON
13
6
cwA (Coe.lUfJleHHWe
WTliTw
Al\tt~PHKH) is pronounced [e~ea] by some
people and [~a] by others. Some speakers say 06 cwA [abdka] and others o cwA [a.u3.]. Like CCCP this abbreviation is not declined: B cwA, B CCCP. The basic rule for abbreviations is that they are not declined unless they contain a medial vowel: compare 06 CCCP with 0 cYMe. 1 «AMepKKb is an illustrated magazine with articles on life in the U.S.; it is printed in Russian and distributed in the Soviet Union by the U.S. Department of State. Soviet officials allow only a limited number to be sold, often returning large quantities to the American embassy, supposedly unsold. A very limited number of newsstands in the large cities are allowed to sell «AMepllKs», and, when the word gets around that a new issue has arrived, friends of the clerks who distribute and sell it usually buy up the few available copies. Secondhand copies sell readily in used-book stores.
nOC.,JJjwaeM
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
nnacnlHKa nocnyrnaTb (prv I) (/ike cnyrnaTb) nOCJfyrnaeM nnacnllfJCH.
nJlBcTliHKH
phonograph record to listen [toJ leI's listen to records. girl friend (of a girl) You haven't seen my girl friends yet.
no.npYra BW eme He B..me.'lH MoHX OO.IIPyr.
33.ii'ni (pfv I), :saHnY, -crnb, -y-r (past 33.wCn, 33.w.na, -0, -If) 3aH..iJ.eM B 06meJKUTHe. XOTIn-e, JJtiiJJ.eM B 06ute-....-Mnte, IIOJH8KOMJIJO ?
to drop in, stop by, call on Let's drop in at the donnitory. Want to drop in at the dormitory and I'll introduce you '! With great pleasure or I'd like to very mucb.
nponycK (pI -a, -60) nan (pfv irreg) (past Aan, -3, -6, -H; fut
pass, entry permit to give, let
,ll}lM, ,!J;arnh, nitCT, .ua,ruIM, .na,ll,HTe,
A
Mile
OllJ1YT) .nanjT IlpOoyeK?
But will they give me a pass"
KOHC
Of course.
MY3b1Ka
(special gen) 8bmHTh (pfv I), BbUIbIO, BblfJbeWb, BWnbe.\t 'taJQ, Mj:J.WKy DOCJJjwaCM. '13010
npoHrpWBaTeJlb (m)
Y
HaC
ecn, npoHrpblBaTeJlb.
yronol( (vaT of )irOJl) Kp3.CHhlH KpaCHbI" yrOJJOK
-lOT
music [some] tea to drink, to finisb drinking We'll drink some tea and listen to music. record player We have a record player. comer red
recreation room
LESSON 13
283
Y mic
KpaCIIOM yrOJfKe eCTb
B
Jlpofil'pblBaTCJfb. fipeK'pacuo.
nCeIlS! (gcn pi nCCCH) HapO.!J.1IbJH TaM, llaBepllo, CcrL PYCCK~C
In our recreation room therc's a record player. Fine. song folk, popular There probably are Russian folk songs there?
napO}.I;Hble necaH?
DeBeU (gen and acc sg nCHua; nom pi neBubl, gen and acc pi neaUDa) neallua HCnOJIHCHHe B I1cnOJlHeHrm 1I.a, MHoro, II B IICnO}lIIellllll JlY
R mo6mo BawH
H3po.nHbJe necHH.
'lePHhtH
O'm (poetic for rJl33a) A T3K m06mo alliull llapO,!UIl>Je n«IIK, lIanplIMep
.0'111
'Iepllwe to
pOM{mc
.D.a :ho
CTClPblH pOMaHC. neTb (I), nOlO, nOemb, DOKn
lla
y)l{e lie KOTOpblH iTO cTapbJii poMallc, KOTOPbJii y",e He
nOKn,
singer (m) singer (f) performance performed by Yes, lots, and performed by the best men and women singers, I'm fond of your folk songs. black, dark eyes I'm so fond of your folk songs, for example, "Dark Eyes." love song (semi classical) Why, that's an old love song. to sing no longer which, what, that Why, that's an old love song that's no longer sung.
IleY)l{emi? Hey",eJfH?
really? you don't say? Really?
(pfv II) (like CJThJW3Tb) MeJlO,l{HS! Y Hac B AMepHKe .try MCJJO,il.JtJO "IaCTO
to hear melody, tune In America that tune may often be heard.
YCJTbJW3Th
MO:lKlIO ycJTbImaTb.
1I.a IIY?
No kidding?
ill,,"'
,ll)K,b. J"OOHM Bli.tu .a;",h. T6J1LKO nJlacrHlIKII TPY.a;1I0 JI.OCTaB3TL.
MbJ mo6HM BaW
A
~bi
Jt nplfllecY. y MeHli HX Muoro.
jazz, popular music We love your jazz. By the way, we love your jazz. but it's hard to get records. I'll bring some; I have a lot of them.
SUPPLEMENT
nplfHOClITb (II), npHHorny, nplfHOCffilJb,
to bring
-",
611 'faCTO npl1110CUT nn3CTHHKu.
6eJlhtH cHlUfH 284
LESSON 13
He often brings records. white dark blue
light blue green yellow color what color, of what color
rOJly66J1
3e.nCHbtH )l{eJlTblH
usb, -3 (nom pi uoeTa) KaKoro UBCT3
What color is your suit? Dark blue. tasty, good (tasting), delicious Want a cup of good coffee?
KaKoro uBtha BaW KOCTtOM? -
CHHero (or clfHHH).
BKyCHhlH (adv BKYCHO) XOTIfTe "awxy aKjcuoro x~? rna3, -a; rna3A, rna3 y llee cHHHe rna3a.
eye
She has dark blue eyes.
JIOCnYUJaCM nnaCTHHKH H. -
HlfH3
<1>. -
Cl>HlIftnn
nmmn, Bbi Cute He BK.aeJlH MOHX no.npyr. XOTHTe, 33MeM B 06ute>KHTHc,
H.
n03HaXOMJIJO .,
<1>.
2 C 60JlbUJHM y.nOBon.bCTBHeM. A MHe )la.nYr npbnycx?1
H.
3 KOHe'fHo. BbiDbCM "3fO, M;I3b1XY nOCJljwaeM. Y HaC B KpaCHOM yrOJlxe teTb npoHrpbIBaTCJIb. 2
ecn. pyCCX"C Hap6.nHblC necHH?
<1>.
4 OpeXpaCHO. TaM, HaBepHO,
H.
5 J].a, MHoro, H B HCnOnReRHH
<1>.
6
H.
7 «6"H "CpHblc>.?,l],a .:ho CTapblii
<1>.
8 Hey)KeJll'l? A y HaC
H.
9)],a Hy? A Mhl
<1>. 10 NOTES
J1:
J1:
.nY
T3K mo6mo BawH HapOJJ:HLJC n6cHH, HanpHMep
B AMepHKe
JUOGHM Balli
«6,,"
'fCPHblC>•.
poMaHC, KOTOpWH y)l(e He nOK>T. l
:hy
Men6JJ.HIO
",\eTO
M6)KHO
YCJIhIWaTb.
)l)l(h, TonbKO nnaCTl1HKH -rpY.nHO .nOCTasaTb.•
npuRecy, y MefiR HX Mlioro. lOne's pass or entry permit np6nyCK must be shown to the custodian on entering or moving out of a dormitory. Another pass is needed to enter a university library. Also, foreign students must request a special permit for traveling outside the city; this pennit must be shown when checking into a hotel. 2 Kpacuwii )TOJ.OK little red corner refers to the recreation room in dormitories, factories, schools, universities, and clubs throughout the U.S.S.R. Each recreation room has a portrait of Lenin and sometimes one of Marx, Khrushchev, and others, and the rooms are frequently painted red. KpJictu.rii originally meant beautiful, and in Orthodox tradition the KpacHwM )'ro.'l was the right-hand comer of the room where icons or holy pictures were hung. LESSON I 3
285
J The term poMliHc is derived from French; in Russian it describes a certain type of love lyric, set to music. Such well-known poets and composers as nYrnKHH and lfaHKOSCKHH have helped to create them. POMliHc also refers to popular gypsy songs lIbIJ'UCKHe poMliHcw., but is not used in the English sense of romance. The word for romance is poMliH (which also means novel [book]).
Russians are inclined to call any Western popular music ,roa.:b. Foreign music has a special appeal to Russians, especially to those of the younger generation, and they are willing to pay high black market prices for foreign records. J
Basic sentence patterns I. KaJCoro It8e-ra Mwe IlJlaTbe? - 3e.rtCHoro. - )KCJlToro. - SbIoro. - 4cplloro. - KpacHoro. - rOJly6oro. - CHHero.
What color is your dress? Green. Yellow. White. Black.
2. KaxyfO ra3CTy 8Ll 'lHTaeTe? _ _ _ kHHry ?
What newspaper are you reading? _ _ book ?
Ku6ii Xypll:l.n
? _ _ poM" 7 KuOe rntChMO ? 06'MI8JleHHe _ _ 7 KaKHe CTHxH ? yp6JCII 7
3. 0 'lCM Obi rOOOpHTe? - 0 RaweM KJJj6e. _ _ _ _ $aKYJJbTCTe.
_ _ _ _ _ OttepKe. _ _ _ _ _ IlOCOJJbCToe.
4. 0 IfCM alia y:maJIa? - 0 TBee" _;____ _____ ____
JCoMHaTt. JCBapn1pe. y.a;alfe. owH6JCe. Tp9noe.
5. He 3a6j,lJ;b 0 El3U1HX :1I03MeHax. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ JlexU,Hjfx. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ W1aCnftIXax. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npoHTpblsaremrx.
_ _ _ _ _ _ p3JxHO. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nponyclCax. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Bewax. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ KBHT'3.HU,HJIX. 286
LESSON 13
Red. Light blue. Dark blue.
What magazine _ _ novel
? ?
What letter _ _ notice
7
What verses _ _ lessons
? ?
?
What are you talking about? About our club. _ _ _ _ department. _ _ _ _ essay. _ _ _ _ embassy. What did she find out about? Aboul your room. _____ aparlment. _ _ _ _ success (or good luck). _ _ _ _ mistake.. _ _ _ _ group. Don't forget about our ________ ________ ________ ________ _______ _______ ________
exams. lectures. records. record players. radios. passes. lhings. receipts.
6. B"n paone" Her TCaTpa1lbUbiX 06·MIB1IeUHH. _ _ _ _ _ _ '1acTIlblX
_
B "H3BecTHRX" HCT HHTepeCUhlX 061.S1anelUtH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TaxHX _ 7. Qmi npHellyr BcnellytOw,ytO ru1THHu.y.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cy666ry.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cpeny. .sf npHellY Bcnell)'lOwHii 8TOptuU.:. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 'Ienepr. __________ nOllellCnhHHK. MbI: npHellCM BCJIell)'lOwee BocKpeceHhe.
There aren't any theater ads in Pravda. _ _ _ _ _ _ private _ There aren't any intcresting ads in Izvestia. _ _ _ _ _ such _ They'll arrive next Friday. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Saturday. _ _ _ _ _ _ Wednesday. I'll arrive next Tuesday. _ _ _ _ _ Thursday. _ _ _ _ _ Monday. We'll arrive next Sunday.
8. .sf Tamx KapnfH ewe lie SH,neJI.
I've never seen pictures like that before. _ people . ______ advertisements . _ factorics _ _ _ _ _ _ newsstands _ _ dances _
9. .sf HmY He601lbWOH RW,HK. - - - - - - ",.'. ________ CTOJ1.
I'm looking for a small box. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cupboard. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ table. _ _ _ _ _ _ a small shelf. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ room. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hotel. _____ some small boxes. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ glasses. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ spoons.
_ _ _ moneH _ _ _ pe""'M _ _ _ '6pUK _ _ _ KHOcKOB _ _ _ Tfl.HUcO
_ _ He6oJlhwylO ________ ________ ___ uc60JIhwHe
_ _ _ _ _
nOJlkY. kOMuaTY· rocniHHuy. Kop66KH.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ CTaKiHbI.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ J10jKKH.
10. MbI: 6bvTH B 601lhwoii aYllHropHH. ________ _________ ____ S 601lbwOM _________ _______ ________ _________
11. 3ll6ch lIeT APyroro _______ _ _ _ _ llpyroii _______
KBapTHpe. x6MH3re. r6polle. o6mel'C1ITHH. 3ane. pccTopane. 3naHIHL
nposOlllIHKl'I.? HOCHJlbutHKa? npollaBWHI..l,hI? Y'!HTeJlbU"UbI?
12. BbI: CKOPO eC'J""¢rHTe llPyrHx npo¢leccopOs. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1IlO.I1eii. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ceKpeTapeii. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ WOepoB.
___________ aMCpHK3.HQCS. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ YKpaHHQco. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pyCCKHX.
We were in a large lecture hall. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ apartment. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ room. ____ in a large lown. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dormitory. _ _ _ _ _ _ hall. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ restaurant. _ _ _ _ _ _ building. Isn't there another _ _ _ _ _~ ______ --
conductor here? porter ? saleslady _ _ ? teacher (f)-?
You'll soon meet other professors. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ people. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ secretaries. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ drivers. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Americans. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ukrainians. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Russians. LESSON 13
11r7
13. MO>lnlo 'UnaTb'? - XOpOlllO, '1HTil.lhe! _ _ _ mtc..1Tb? __ IHtWHTC! _ _ _ rODOp"Tb? __ rosopine 1 _ _ _ cnpocHTb? __ cnpocine! -, ? _ _ _ lIr!J«Tb.
~,, _ _ lI'vuHTe.
_ _ _ paooTaTb? _ _ _ CJlYwaTb'1 _ _ _ miTb?
__ pa66TaHTe!
__ cnjrnaHTc! _ _ nem!
• ?_ ___ neTb
•I __ "miTe.
_ _ _ OTKPblTb QKHO? _ _ OTKpOihe! _ _ _ JaKpbiTb Jlaepb? _ _ JaKpOiITe! 14. BMlle BHAe.nH Moero 6pATa? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .ltpYr"a?
_____ lUiwero w<:KPepa? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npoBo.QHHKa?
6pan.ea? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npy.Jiii? _ _ _ _ _ MOH:x
_ _ _ _ _ lIliwH.X npo4leccopOB? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ToB
0n 6bul
y MOeK cecTpbl. _ _ _ _ _ _ nOll,pyTH. Haweli Y'IlITe.nbHHUbl.
_______ aMcpllkCl.HKH. 16. Obi CTOJimt OKano cooero BarOHa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,u,6Ma.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6arIDKa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 06WC)l(ltTlt.ll.
________ CBoeH
,llBepH.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ roCTliHHUbl.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ JJa60pan)pIlH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CBO"X KapT"H.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ KapT.
611 lie COl-I'r. Mbl lie cnHM.
OlUi lIe emiT. Tw He cmiWb. He cmiTe.
18. 611 HU'icr6 lie
3aMeTHT.
OWl _ _
lie
JaMeTHT.
Obi
IIC JaMeTHTc.
Mbl _ _
lie JaMeTHM.
.sf
lie JaMe'ly.
Tbi
He 3aMCTHlUb.
19. .sf Me C Heii n03HaK6MJuo.
288
6H
n03HaJ(OMHT.
OH"
n03HaJCOMJn.
Mbi
n03HaJ(OMHM.
LESSON
I3
You didn't see my brother? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ friend? ______ our driver? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ guide (or conductor)? _ _ _ _ _ my brothers? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ friends? ______ our professors? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ friends (or comrades)? He was at my sister's place. _ _ _ _ _ girJ friend's _ ____ our teacher's _ _ ______ American woman's You were standing near your coach. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ house. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ baggage. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dormitory. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your door. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hotel. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ laboratory. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ your pictures. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ maps. I'm not asleep. He's not asleep. We're not asleep. They're not asleep. You're nol asleep. You're nOI asleep.
17. .s1liC enmb.
8w
Is it all right to read? O.K. go abead! ____ I ______ wrile? _ _ _ _ _ talk? _ _ _ _ _ ask? _ _ _ _ _ play? _ _ _ _ _ work? ______ Iisten" _ _ _ _ _ drink? _ _ _ _ _ sing? _ _ _ _ _ open tbe window? _ _ _ _ _ _ close the door?
He won't notice a Ihing. She won'l notice _ You won'l notice _ We won't notice _ I won't notice _ You won'l notice _ I'll introduce you 10 her. He'll introduce _ They'll introduce _ We'll introduce _
.
Bbl MeHli C Hcii n03HaKOMliTC? Tbi n03HakOMUWb? 20. Bbi YCJIwwlfTe o,lUloro Tbi' YCJIWllIHllIb
6H
Ii)
Will you introduce me to her? ?
Will you introduce
Jly'lumx neouOo. _
ycJIbuuHT
.
Mbi' yCJIbunHM
_
>1 ycm;,wy
.
QHn yc.nhlwaT
_
21. A ceii'lac nonY"Y aiWH sCu.ut.
Oil __
noJl)i"lHT Qlln _ nOJly'laT M.. __ nOJly'lHM B" __ nony'llue nonj'lHllIb
_ _ _
22. OH nOJlO:lKHT saw 6ani:lK .s1 nonoxY Mbl 110nOJKHM Omi nOJlO:lKaT lUo4>ep nOJlO:lKHT 23.
S
They'll hear
B" __ T" __
You'll see They'll see You'll see
_
B" __ noroeopliTe
_ T.:. _ _ noroBopHwb _ _ Oil _ _ norosopHT _ OHn _ _ noroBopJiT _
6paK
[brak]
marnage
[brat]
6paT
brother
npluula
[pr6~]
np6cb6a
[mn]
oPYH
liar
[vrae]
[srok] cpOK date, term
[gran
rpaq,
epa'l physician
[rl
(gnls)
'Pi>
[kraj] x:pAii ooge [bre t ] 6ptll delirium lbpvno] 6peSHO
log
[tp] TJ'H three ("'Iii) TpCTuH third
load
request
.
in second position in the cluster.
count
[pravdo] truth
_
They'll have
Pronunciation practice: initial clusters with [r] or (rl
_ _
We'll have a talk with her about it. I'll have _ You'll have _ You'll have _ _ He'll have
24. Mbi' C lIeit noroBopnM 06 :iTOM.
A. Clusters with [r] or
_
,'II see the picture tomorrow. We'll see _ Zina will see _
DOCMOTpIO :hy KapTIilly. _ 3nHa _ nOCMOTpHT _ nOCM6TpHTe _ QRn __ nOCMOTpJIT _ flOCMOTpHWb _
M" __ nOCMOTpHM
noroBop.o
_
He'll put your baggage in the taxi I'll put _ We'll pul _ They'll put _ The driver wiU put _
Taxcn. _ _ _ _
A J3STpa
A
I'll he.,.
I'll get your things right away. He'll get _ They'll get _ _ We'll get You'll get _ You'll get _
_ _
T" __
You'll hear one of the best singers. You'll hear _ He'll hear _ We'll hear _
[Zi'Qijo]
3ptHHe
sight
[spda)
cpe";
Wednesday [rs[Cdu] .cptllY on Wednesday
[8ftK) sin
rpCK
LESSON 13
2119
[p[iyet] npHBCT greetings [pram.) npRMo straight [V{eql:'J Bpf:MjI time [vral ) sPAA into line [f[igal] penlT frigate [drevQij) ,D,pf:BlUtH ancient [d[imall ,D,peMaTb to doze
[francus] !ppaHl·,Y3 Frenchman ldrukJ JI.pyr friend [dram:.) JI.p3.Ma drnma [trildn
{gral) rpR3b dirt [kr ts].] Kpee.nO armchair [kril6J KPbUIO wmg (xr.im) XpaM temple [k[ik) kPiU: shout [xre n ) xpt" horseradish
8. Clusters with [r) in first position in the cluster.
[rtull
pry-rh quicksilver
[rvanij] lorn
psaHblH
[rva\] poaTb to tear
(rta] pTa of a mouth
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
The formation of the second person imperative MODELS
nO;tC3.JJyHCTa, 3aX0.uH. n O;K3.JJyHCTa,. 3axome. CMOTPH, SOT MeT HHHa. CMOTpHTe, SOT 'tlleT HHua. nO,LlO)K,D,H! nO.llOiK,D,HTe! nO" rp6M'Ie! n6H're rp6M'Ie! HapeiKb orYPUbl! Hape)KbTe orypUbl! HamtWH :ho! HanmWfTe 3TO 1 He nHwlt! He mnUHTe! OncpOH OkHO! OncpOHTe OKHO! He OncpblB<1H OkHa! He oncphlBaHTe OkHa! Ta.H.UyH! TaH~j:jTe!
He neil! He OeHre! H.IDi: .llOMO"! H.aliTe .llOMO"!
290
LfSSON
13
Come in, please. Come in, please. Look, there goes (or here comes) Nina. Look, there goes (or here comes) Nina. Wait a bit! Wait 3 bit! Sing louder! Sing louder! Cut the cucumbers! Cut the cucumbers! Write it! Write it! Don't write! Don't write! Open the window! Open the window! Don't open the window! Don't open the window! Dance! Dance! Don't drink! Don't drink! Go home! Go home!
Second person imperatives are based on the present-future stem, which can best be found by dropping the endings -YT, -toT, -aT, and -fIT from the third person plural. The familiar-singular imperative ends in -II, -i, or -b; the plural-polite imperative is fonned by adding unstressed -Te to the basic familiar-singular fonn. Of the three variants, only -N is a true ending; -ii and -b are properly part of the stem itself: -ii is written to show that the stem ends in the consonant sound .Lil, and -b is written to show that the finaJ stem consonant is soft.
I. Imperatives in -ii. Most verbs with an imperative in -it have a vowel preceding the written ending of the present-future. Their true stems, however, end in (j), spelled i in the imperative.
THIRD PERSON PLURAL
IMPERATIVE
[dumaj-ut] llyMa-JOT [~itaj-ut] 'lHTa-JOT [tancuj-ut] Tanuj-loT [staj-at] Cl'O-slT no-fbT [paj-utl YllHBnJi-fOTCSI (u4i vlaj-utC")l lmperatives based on the stem
2. Imperatives in -b and
.
llyMaii 'U1TaH TaHuj" cT6ii n6ii YllUBnJiiiclt
lW-j drink have an inserted
ttYMaiiTe 'lllTaiiTe TallujiiTe cT6ihe n6ihe YJIHBJuiiiTecb
vowel: nei! Bbmei!
The position of stress in the first person singular prescnt-future plays a key role in determining whether the imperative wil be in -H or -b. -N.
a. If the first person singular ending is slressed, a stressed -H is added to the third plural stem. THIltD PERSON
FIRST PERSON
PLUllAL
SINGuu.R
nfb6-SIT noiill-Y'r cnp6c-S1T nHw-yr
mo6mo noii.A)i cnpowy nHIlIY
IMPERATIVE m06li noii,nli cnpOCN DUIliN
m06liTe nOiillNTe cnpocHTe IlHIlIHTe
b. If the first person singular ending is unstressed, the impera~ve is spelled with - .., which is a sign that the preceding consonant is pronounced soft (if possible). THIRD PERSON PLURAL
ltOCTaH-yf 3a6Y.n-yr OCT3B-ltT ScrpC:T-)IT Hape)l(-yr
FDtST PERSON SINGULAR
ltOCTl'I.IIY 3a6YllY 0=1.",,,, scrpe'ly Hap6Ky
IMPERATIVE
l10cnlUb 3a6yltb OentSb
o="e-rb HapC)l(1o
.nOCTat/bYe 3a6Y.nbTe OcntsloTe BCTpeTbTe Hap6KbTe
LESSON 13
291
However, if the stem ends in a cluster of consonants, an unstressed -. is added: 86MB-lIT, oOMHIO; the imperative is uOMHB, An unstressed -" may also occur in imperatives from perfective verbs which have the stressed prefix BY-: aWrollOpIIT, aWroaoPIO; the imperative is BWroaopil (like rollOpM except for the stress).
NOle on aspect: Although imperatives from both aspects may be used in affirmative commands, oaly imperfective imperatives are ordinarily used in negative commands. CnpocH ero! KynH :iTnac!
HanmnH MOe! OTKpOH"re OICHO!
•
Ask him! Buy the atlas! Write to me! Open the window!
He He He He
cnpalllHe&H ero! nOICynU hnaca! nHlllH MHe!
onpblsaihe OKHa!
Don't Don't Don'l Don't
ask him! buy an atlas! write to me! open the window!
STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
Read verses I l.( HTaH
CTHxH! LfKTaiiTe CTNXH! n6i{ rp6M'Ie! noiiTe I']t6wre! KYOH hnac! liy,ll;b JJ:6Ma!
CnpOCH er6! QcTasb KmO'l!
nOJJ:O)l(JI,H Memi! ~OCTaHb
Kapry! HanHlllH nHCbMo! Y3Hall 06 :hOM!
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. /'/1 do it. Do it! A ClienafO .no. ClI.enai no! Jt CTOK> ua ymY. CrOii U3 yrnj! Jt y:mafO 06 :hOM. Jt Hrp<\fO B reHHHC. Jt oo,nyMafO 06 :nOM, .sf 'iHT:llo CTHxH.
3, I'll bring the tea. 'Bring the lea!
.st DpHHecj 'laM. n ptDIeaI ..aii!
Jt cnpoUIj ~po¢Jeccopa Opn6ea. Cnpoai npo+ecooPa OpllOB8!
.st Jt
.st .st Jt .sf
.st 292
KynmO 3Tnac. nOCMOTpK> B 01m6 • nOll0:a:..nY Ha yrny. HallHlDj CO B vrY6. noH.llj Ha n6uy. LESSON 13
2. /'11 open the door. Open the door!
A OTXp6fO .!tBipb. OTxpOii ,rmepb!
.sf OblO '1au. neM luiii! .sf
Bcer.na nOKyoafO B :hOM Mar8.3Hlle.
.st .nenaJO yp6KH. .sf
TaHuYJO,
.st
ItrpaJO
B
XOKKeH.
• RESPONSE DRILLS
1. I'm drinking tea. You drink too! Jt "btO '1a". 11 n:. 08i! Jt onpOlO OICHO. 11 n:. OTKpC.lii! Jt ·nrT3.1O CTHXH. Jt 1l0~aJO 06 3TOM. Jt He J\YMatO 06 30aMeHe. Jt He nOKyniuo TaXHx BeLUe". Jt CTOtO B O'lepe.nH. Jl CDp3.wKBaJO, KorA! He JHaro.
2. Why don't you lislen? Listen! nO'leMj DbI: He c.rrYwaen:'1
3. You walk so much. Don't walk so much! Tbi Tal' MHoro XOAHWb. He xorot riK MH6ro! Ow TAl: MIIoro xo.wrre. He xoroi'n riK MHCko! Tw n\K MHOro mhueWb. Obi nil, MHOro mhueTe. Tw rl.x MIIoro rOBopHwb. Bbi rl.x MHoro rOBopiiTe.
4. Are you dnncing again? Don't do any more dnncillg! Tw omiTb TaHItyellll> ? He TaHllYi 6Om.we! BbI orniTb nHQjeTe'1 He TlUl1.lYiTe 6OJu.me! TbI oruiTb n..eWb'1 Ow orum. m.CTe'1 Tw orum. cnpAnnmaemb? Dw orum. CDpanmsaeTe'1 Tbi orniTb nDeWb? Obi omiTE. noCTe'1
.. - , ......~ ...8JlTe. nO'leMj TbI He 'IHrlelUb'1 tUrri.! nO'teMj Rbi He JaXOJ1ltTe'1 nO'leMj TbI He mhuelUb'1 nO'leMj Obi He cnpAWHBaeTe'1 nO'IeMy TbI He m.eWb'1 nO'leMj Dbi He rORoplhe'1 nO'leMj TbI ue lUlelDh'1 TlO'teMy Rbi ue ~aeTe '1 nO'leMj TId He noelUb'1 nO'leMj BbI He Doere? r~
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. Are you going to leave the dictionary at home? Leave the dictionary at home! Thl ocn'lBHwb CJIOBapb .a;6Ma '! Ocrbb CJlOaapb .aoMa! Tw Hap6Kewb orypubl'! Ha~ orypttbf! TbI .nOCTaHelIIb a.TJlac'! Tbi ~nntlh MeHJi: Ha ymy? Thi Ja6YAeIDb ee? Tbi 6Y.n:eUIh roTOB?
3. Are you going to meet us on the comer? Meel tIS on the corner! Bbi BC'TpCnrre HaC Ha yrJlY? 8cTpen.Te Hic a8 yrJJji ! Tbi CKa:lKeWb TRoe HMJI'1
2. Are you going to open the window? Open the window! Ohl oTKp6ere altHO '1 OncpOiiTe OImO! Tbi KymUlIb nmlTbe'1 Kymi MiThe! Tw noitnernb ':S Mara:um? Bw HanHmHTe nHCbMo? Tbi n0nYMaewb 06 :hOM'1 Bw npHHedTe bJlac? Tbi no.n:o:x.:.aeun. 6pATa" Bbi noA.n:eTe Ha IOunepT? £"._ • ....':.
_.
I
" ...... TBOe IIMJI.
Ow .llocT8.Hen: VUOouI? TbI nOCMOTplllilb iTOT
13
293
• QUESTlON·ANSWER DRILL
May / bring the lea? Fine, bring it! MOJKHO npHHecTH '1aH? Xop0w6. IJPHHeaiTe! MO:lKHO HartHc3n. 06 :)TOM?
M6:lKHO M6:lKHO M6:lKIIO M6:lKHO
no,ao)f(.l(aTb sac? HapClan. orypubl? DOAYMan. HeMHoro? DOCMOTJ*rb :hOT ¢lIlnbM?
XO~.H~e!
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. Open the window!
2. Buy a dictionary!
Don'l open lhe window!
Don'l buy a diclionary!
Orkp6ihe OIm6! He oTKpws8iiTe oKHa! Kymhe'laM!
Kynll: CJTOBapb! He ooKyniii cnoBapli!
He nOKymiiiTe "till! OOCMOTPH:re B OKHO! C,aena"Te ;ho! CnpocHTe 06 :hOM! OOAyMaihe 06 3TOM!
OOCMOTPH
KHHry! He CMcrrpH B KIlIiry! . Ham-fUll! CO'lHHeHlfe! OTKp6" ,aacph! Cnpocl! era! 110AjMait 03HMC! B
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. We're playing cards.
You play, too! M.hz urpaeM B dpTbl. H aW .....,iiiTe! MbI: He .uYMaeM 06 :hOM. J.1 a... He njMaiTe! Mbi '1HT3.eM poMaubi. Mba: 6y,aeM T3.M. Mba: TaHuyeM K3.:lKJ).b.l" Be'lep. MbI He nheM. Mba: He "oeM.
2. We're reading Tolstoy. You read Tolstoy, too! Mba: 'UttieM TonCTOro. BW To.e 'llltiiTe T OJICTOro ! Mba: nOkynAeM B 3TOM Mara:ufue. BW TO.e IIOK)'IliiTe IS 3ToM MaraJHue! Mba: mt.UleM CO'fHHeHHe. Mbi OoeM. Mbi,a,jMaeM 06 nOM. Mba: 6j,a,eM TAM. Mbi 3a6Y.aeM 063TOM.
SUMMARY OF RULES FOR FORMING THE BASIC"":' IMPERATIVE
1. If the present-future stem ends in the sound UJ, or (in spelling tenus) if the endings of the present·future are immediately preceded by a vowcl letler or b, the imperative is spelled with ii; lIohcynaii! (stem [p:lkupaj-]. first person singular DOKymito). Note that the stress occasionally shifts back to the stem (compare CT6ii! CToiiTe! with CTOW). Verbs like mfn.., with h directly before their present-future endings, have an inserted vowel in their stem; nei, Bhmeti (stem [gj-I, first person singular OhiO).
2. If the present·future stem ends in any otber consonant (but not a cluster), and if the stem is stressed in the first person singular, the imperative is spelled with -h, as in u6y.flh! (first person singular :sa6YAY). The -b must be written, even though the consonant is one that cannot be soft, as in nape-ACh! 3. If the present·future stem ends in a consonant cluster, even though the stress is on the stem in the first person singular present-future, the ending -It is added for the imperative, as in n6Mm1! (first person singular nOMHlo).
294
LESSON 13
4. If the present-future stem ends in a consonant and the first person singular ending is stressed, the imperative ending is -H, as in rOBOpH! (first person singular rOBopiO) and w! (first person singular HlIY). 5. Perfective verbs with tbe stressed prefix aW- form tbeir imperative in the same way as the imperative of tbe vcrb thcy derive from, for example, BWueii! (compare ueti!), BbaTOBOpR! (compare rOBOpli I). Bblpe;llCb! (compare pe:«l>! cut! Hape:»tl.! slicel).
The declension of adjectives: nominative, accusative, genitive, and prepositional cases MOOELS
jf KynH:n: ___ ___ ___
Jt
HWY __ __ ___
H08blH l(ocnQM. HOBOe pA,ruto. H(8)'1O nnacniHKy. Hoeble nnaCTliHKH.
XOp6WHH nopT(j:lenb. xop6wee p3.a.HO. xop6w)'IO xOMHaT)'. xop6wHe nnacniHXH.
I bought ___ ___ ___
a new suit. a new radio. a new record. some neW records.
I'm looking for ______ ______ ______
a good briefcase. a good radio. a good room. some good records.
Rbi 3H3CTe 3Toro MOJlO,llOro 'lCJIoun? _ _ _ _ 311' MOJlO.o;yro .a.CBywXy? _ _ _ _ 3THX MOJlO..a.WX JlIO.a.eH?
Do you know this young man? _ _ _ _ _ this young lady? _ _ _ _ _ these young people?
Rbi moGHTe )].OCToeBCI:Oro? _ _ _ _ TonCl"6ro? _ _ _ _ pyccxHe poMiHY? _____ TaxHe CTHxH? _ _ _ _ cri.pble poM3HCbl?
Are you fond of Dostoevsky? _ _ _ _ _ _ Tolstoy? _ _ _ _ _ _ Russian novels? _ _ _ _ _ _ such verses? _ _ _ _ _ _ old love songs?
Jt ue JIIOGJlIO _____ _____ _____ _____
I don't like ____ ____ ____ ____
)].OCT<>i:ecKoro. TOJiCToro. PYCCkHX poM3Hoe. TaKHX CTHx6e. CTilpblX poM9.ncoe.
Dostoevsky. Tolstoy. Russian novels. such verses. old love songs.
Xonhe '{awKy 8KycHoro K04>e? ______ xop6wero __ 1 ______ ropR'{ero _ _ 1
Want a cup of delicious coffee? _ _ _ _ _ gooo ? _ _ _ _ _ hot ?
Y HI.fx HeT xop6wero KJlyGa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 06We»::KTH}I. _ _ _ _ xop6weA 6H6J1HOTeXH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Jla60paT6pHH. _ _ _ _ XOp6WHX Tea:rpo8. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ napxo8. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pecTopAHoe.
They don't have a good club. _ _ _ _ _--'dormitory. _ _ _ _ _ _ a good library. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Iaboratory. _ _ _ _ _ _ any good theaters. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ parks. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ restaurants.
Mbi r080pKnH 06 nOM HoeoM JAMHH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6oJlbwOM_. _ _ _ _ _ 06 3TOM R080M 06we»::HTJiH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60JlbwoM _
We were talking about that ________ _ _ _ _ _ _ about that _
new building. b;g _ new dormitory. I"'ge _ L.fSSON
13
295
Mhi roBoplum 06 :hOH ________ ______ 06 3THX ________
HOHOH rocnflrnLl,e. 6onbWOH HaBbix Mara3Huax. 6onbwHx' _
We were talking about that new hotel. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ large __ _ _ _ _ _ _ about these new storts. _ _ Iarge _ _ ~
Mhi rOBOpHM 0 nocne.nueM u6Mepe «npas.ltbl». ___________ 31O:lMeHe. ~ c06p3HHH_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ypOKe.
We're speaking of the last __________ _________ _________
Mbl rOBopHM 0 ero nocne,nHeH KHHre. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pa66Te. ______ 0 nOCJIeJIHI1X HOBOCTlix. ___________ HJBeCHHlX.
We're talking about his latest ___________ _ _ _ _ _ about the latest _____________
issue of Pravda. exam. meeting. Iesson. book. work. news. news reports.
SINGULAR PLlIlW.
Masculine
ACC
inanimate Mono,n6H CTapbfH CHIIHH .llpyr6" PYCCKH" 6onbwo" XOpOUlH"
Neuter
animate Mono,naro criporo cHHero ,npyr6ro pyccKoro 6onbworo xop6wero
Mono,n6ro criporo cKHero llPyroro pyccKoro 6onbworo xop6wero
GEN
-
o o o o o o o
PREP
MOJlOJJ.OM cn'ipoM cHHcM JIpyr6M PYccKOM 6onbw6M xop6weM
Feminine
Mono,n6e
MOJlO.llYJO
CTapoc
crap>""
cHHce .n:pyr6e pyCCKOC 6oJlbw6e xop6wee
CHHIOIO .n:PyrYJO PYCCKyJO 60JlbWyJO xop6wyJO
inanimate MonoJJ.bie cripble cHHHe ,npyrue pyccKHe 60nbUlHe xOpOwlle
animate MOJlO.lIblx CTapblx CHHI1X .n:pyntx PYCCKHX 60nbUlHx xop6umx
MOJtOllOH
MOJlOJJ.biX
cripo"
rnpblx
cHHeH
CHHHX
.n:pyro"
JJ.pyrHx
PYCCKOH
pyCCKHX
6onbUloij
60nbWHx
xop6weH
XOp6WHlt
GENERAL OeSER V .... nONS
I. The endings of adjectives modifying masculine and neuter nouns are distinct from each other only in the nominative and accusative singular; in all the otber cases, they sbare tbe same endings. 2. Only adjectives modifying feminine nouns have endings in the accusative singular which are always distinct from those used in the nominative singular: -ytO and -1010 (1I0Byto, JIPyryto, 6o.1lblUYJo. nOCJTeAHIOIO, BepxlUOlO).
296
LESSON 13
3. Adjectives modifying neuter and inanimate masculine nouns have the same endings in the accusative singular as in the nominative singular. Those adjectives modifying animate masculine nouDS in the accusative singuJar have the same endings as in tbe genitive singular. Note that r in the endings -oro and -ern is pronounced [v]. 4. In the plural, adjectives modifying inanimate nouns use nominative plural endings; those modifying animate nouns use genitive plural endings.
• RESPONSE DRILLS
1. This room is a small one. I asked for (l large one. 3TOT H6Mep ManeHbKHD. A opoelin 6oJILlUoii. 3TH HO"'H ManeHbKHc.
" npoain 6om.unie. ~ &70p66xa ManeHhx:u!. 3TOT aTnac ManeobKHH. 3Ta n6IJ.:a ManeHbJ:aJI. 3TOT ul.lc:a¢l ManeHbKHH. ~ n6nxa ManCHbkaJI. 3Ta kapTa ManeHbKax.
2. You didn't happen to see the new record? I'm looking for the new record. Obi He BUneJlH H6aOH lVIaCTUHICJi? g
HIllY UOBytO nnacnflllcy.
Db!: He BH.nenJt rony66ro RJlllTbR?
g HJJ.Q'
roJl}'6Oe onane. (CHHero kOC'nOMa. PYCCI[OH ra3CTbI, aMe· PUXaHCK:oro :lIl:ypHana, Xem-OH Te'TpArot, CTaporo noplltM:mf)
• EXPANSION DRILL
• CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
Do you know that girl? Do you know that lovely girl? Db!: 3HaeTe 3Ty ,D,eaywxy?
(green)
BY :mien :iTy KpacJiBytO ,D,esywKy? Db!: 3uaen: noro DapHJI? By wen troro Kp8cHBoro rniptUI? (ny necHlO, 3Ty :lKeHlLVtHy, noro CT)'.neHTa, 3TO MCCTO. 3TY aMepHxaHKy, ny MeJIO,QHfD, 3TOT ropo.n)
What color is this book? Green. (3eneHblH) Kax6ro uatra :ITa KHHra? 3eJtbtoro. (6em..J:ii) KuMo 3Ta kHHra ? Iienoro. (kpaCm.Uf, xe.nn..ii. cHll.Hii. rony60K,
u.ae-ra
'1epHNif)
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Where's the American singer? The American singer isn't here yet. Cne aMepHX3HCKHH DeBen? AMepNriucKoro oeBna aue lib. rae aMCPHk3HCI[:u! DeBKU,a? AMepRmCKOiii DeBKnw Cllle Ilk. r,Qe H6BblH )"I1ITe.m.? r,D,e H6aaJI )"flfreJIbHHua? r.ne CTApblH wc:xIX=p? r,Qe ae'ieplUlJl. ra3eTa? CO,e nocne.QmlH n6Mcp :lKypHa..na?
2. Are the new students here? I don't see the new students. H6Bble CTy,D,eUTbi 3.necb? Jt ue BrDKy uOBWX cry.r.etrroB. nO,D,ep)f(aHllble aeLUJt 3.a.ecb? 11 He BUy uo.nep:«8JlHbIX semeii. Be'lepHHe ra.Jen.i 3,Q0Cb ? MonoJ:Ibl:e mO,D,H 3,D,ecb? )KenTble 'iamkH 3neCb? H61lhle :lKypHa..n.bl 3,D,CCb? CTapLIC rrnacruHKH 3,ll,Cch? 60nbWUC CTllK{U1.bl 3.l1ech? USSON 13
297
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
There was a lovely picture there. There were many lovely pictures there.
TaM 6b'm0 npocT6e 1IJ13Tbe. TAM 6buJ '{epHhlii KocnOM.
TiM fiWio MIIOrO KpacUwx KapnUt.
TaM 6bu10 8000e 06meJICHTlle. TaM 6bu10 HIITepeenoe 06"bJlBJIeHHe.
TaM 6w HOBblH nOM.
TaM 6bu1a HOB
TaM 6hU1a KpaCHBaJI Kapnina.
TaM
6Woo MDOrO aOBWX IIOMOs.
TaM
6w
ue60IIbrnoH rnd¢l.
• RESPONSE DRI LLS
I. You're a good student.
For a good student it isn't difficult.
2. These things are expensive. Don't buy expensive things.
8bl xOpOrnHH C1)'1l,enT.
3TIl oemlt 1l0porHe.
,lJ,.rui xOpOmcro crYll.ellTa iTO He rpYllHO.
He 1l00':YlIaii Jloponix BeIUeii.
8w ltopOrnHe CTY,lJ,eU'n>l.
3TOT nopT~nb DJlOX6H. He lIoKynaii DJIox6ro nopT~JUIL.
,lJ,Jlli XOpOUIHX Cl'Y,lJ,CHTOB iTo lie TPYJJ;HO. Obi xOpOrnaSl CTy.L{eHTK3.
3T11 IIJlaCnfttKH CTapble.
Dbr xOpOrnHH npoooJJ.lIllK.
3TO p8.1l,HO 1l,opor6e.
8w ltopOrnH" a).1.MIUIHCTp
3_TOT MaTepHan "'CCTK"ii. 3TOT poMaH CKy'llIbU1.
8bi ltopOrn
Db!: ltopOrnHH )"fHTe.1Tb. 8hz ltopOu.lHe }"lJITC1Ili. • QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Did he ask about old magazines? No, about new ones. 6H cnp:UuKBaJ] 0 CTaPblX JlCYPH3JlilX 1
HeT, 0 HOBbIX.
2. Are you talking about the small lecture hall? No, about the large one. Db! rOBopm 0 M3JleUbl:OH aYAHTOpHH? Hh, o6oJn,wOi.
611 cnparnHBaII 0 crlpoH lUIaCTHHJCe 1
8b1: rOBopihe 0 ManenbKOH 6"6J1Hon:Ke 1
HeT, 0 BOBOH.
Hh,
0
6oJI1.w6i.
(0 crapoM poMaHce, 0 CTaphlX necHj/X,
(0 ManeHbKOM wKae, 0 ManeHbl(OM
o crapo" pa60Te, 0 CTapoM CO'{HHeIIHH,
06mC)l(HTHH, 0 ManeHbKOH na60paTOp"H,
o CTapoM 3aJ1Sne1lHH, 0 CTaphlX TaflU3x)
o ManenbKOM llOMe, 0 MaJleHbKOH oWll6xe, 0 ManeHbKQM JaJlC, 0 ManellbKOM Mara3HHe)
• RE,SPONSE DRILLS
I. Here's the recreation room. They're waiting for us in the recreation room. BOT KpaCHhIH.yronOK.
0 .... uac
~ B Kp8CHOM
yrOJl..e.
BOT JlCecncHH sarOH.
Qu.
HaC
"I«JIir B ..recncOM IUlrOue.
(HOBoe 06mexHTHe, crap3JI ay,llHTOplUl, bom.woH TeaTp, aMepHnHcKoe nocoJlb· CTOO, HOB3JI oapTllpa)
2. Have you seen the new building? Everyone's been talking about the new building. 8hz BH,neJUl HOSoe 3.uallHe 1
Bee roaopn 0 aOBOM 3.Q8HMM. 8hz BH,QenH aMepHXaucKHx C1)'1l,euToB?
Bee roBOpn 06 aMepHK8HCIIOIX cry ttCtn'ax. (HOB)'lO rOCTJtH"uY, Be'lepHIOIO ra.JeTy, nocne.uIUtH HOMep «113oecntH», HOBOe 061>J1BneHlte, Hooae noconbCTBO, HOBoro aJl.MHHHCTp3TOpa, aMepHKancKIlH ¢IIUlhM)
298
LESSON 13
LONG-FORM ADJECTIVE ENDINGS IN NOMINATIVE, ACCUSATIVE, GENITIVE, AND PREPOSITIONAL CASES
SINGULAR PLURAL
NOM
. Masculine
Neuter
Feminine
-OM, -bfil, -Hil
-oe, -ee
-
ACC
(inanimate - nom) (animate - gen)
GEN
-oro, -era
-YIO,
-xx
-fOfO
-oil,-eH PREP
-ble. -He
(inanimate - nom) (animate - gen)
-bfX. -HX
-OM, -eM
Note: The letter r in the endings -oro and -era is pronounced [v). REMARKS ON mE DISTRIBUTION OF ENDINGS IN
~
GENmVE AND pREPQSmQNAL CASES
I. Masculine and neuter endings in the genitiye and prepositional singular. a. Hard-stem adjectives and mixed stems ending in __, r, and x lake -oro in the genitive and -OM in the prepositionaL nOBoro, 1I0BOM; JQJyroro, J.l.pyroM. b. Soft-stem adjectives take -el'O in the genitive and -eM in the prepositional: DOeJll~.lI;Hero, lIOCJICJ.I.IleM. c. Mixed siems ending in III and * lake --Oro in the genitive and --OM in the prepositional if the ending is stressed; if il is unstressed they take -ern and ~. Compare OOJIblUOrO. 6om.llIoM with xop6mero, xop6weM.
2. Feminine endings in the genitive-prepositional singular (genitive identical with prepositionaf). a. Hard stems and mixed siems ending in .., r, and x take -oii: HOBOii, ,lQ)yrOii. b. Soft siems take -eN: ~JJ.tIeii. c. Mixed stems ending in III and lit lake --oii if the ending is stressed; if it is unstressed they take ~ii. Compare 6oJJbwoii with xop6weii.
3. Plural endings in the genitiYe-preposilional (genitiYe identical with prepo.fitional). a. Hard stems take the ending -blX in the genitive-prepositional: 1I0BblX, MOJIOttLiX. b. Soft stems and all mixed stems take the ending -HX in the genitive-prepositional: nOCJJe)lHHX, JJ.Pyrilx, 6om.wKx.
The declension of 'leu and the possessive modifiers: nominative, accusative, genitive, and prepositional cases MODELS
4eii poMall 8bl '1HTaeTe? 4be CO'lllHeHHe Bbl .nnaere? 4blO KHl1ry UbI 'lHTaere? 41011 CTI1XH 6bl '1IITaere?
Whose Whose Whose Whose
novel are you reading? composition are you reading? book are you reading? verses are you reading?
LESSON 13
299
Rw 3l1ae-re Mocro 6p
Do you know my brother? _ _ _ _ _ our '!
Rbi: 3H3.e-re MOIO ceCTpy? _ _ _ _ uawy _ _ '
_____ 0"' __'
Rbi 311aeTe MOHX eecrep?
Do you know my sisters?
Do you know my sisler?
_ _ _ _ HaWItX _ _ '
_____ 0"' __'
011 OCTaaHJI CBOH CJI0Bapb Jt6Ma. _ _ _ _ _ CROIO KinIry _ _ _ _ _ _ CBOC CO'lltHeHI1C _ _ _ _ _ _ CBOH nHCbMa _
He left __ _ __ _ __
MbI B'lepa 6bUUf y TBoero 6pfrra. _ _ _ _ _ _ y oawero _ _ _ _ _ _ _ y TBoeH cec:rpbi. _ _ _ _ _ _ Y BaWeH _ _ _ _ _ _ _ y TBOH-X Jtpy.reH. _ _ _ _ _ _ Y aawux _
We were _ __ ____ ___ _ ____
RbI eme He BH,o,eJIH ________ ________ ________
You still haven't seen OUf _________ OUf _________ OUf _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ our
Mbi rOBOpHmt 0 ______ _______ ______
uawero r6po.a.a. Halliero 06me-ACH-TUJI. HallieH KBapTHpbl. lIliWHX KaPTHII.
TBoeM JtoMe. BaWeM _ TBoeM 33.J1BJlI:'tHH. BallJeM _
_ _ _ _ _ _ TBoeil np6cb6e. _ _ _ _ _ _ BaweH _ _______ TBOHX KHHrcl.X. _ _ _ _ _ _ BawHx _
his his his his
dictionary home. book _ composition letters _
at at at at at at
your your your your yOUf yOUf
_
brother's place yesterday. brother's place _ sister's place _ sister's place _ ffiend~' place _ friends' place _
We were talk.ing about _ ________ _ _________ _ ________ _
city. dormitofy. apartment. pictures.
your house. yOUf _ your application. yOUf . your request. your _ your books. YOUf _
• REPETITION DRill
Repeat the above models, observing tbe pattern of endings. • RESPONSE DRILLS
1. Here comes my brother.
Do you know my brother? BOT lU{eT MOH 6pAT. Bw lHaeTe Moen> 6piTa? BM H,ll,er MOJi cecTp3.
OW lHaeTe MOJO CetTpy? (MOIl 6paTbM, MOil cCcTpbl, MO" JtPyr, MOR nOJtPyra)
3. Take my notebook. No, lhanks, I'll take my own. BOJbMH MOIO TeTpA.zu,. HeT, cnacii60. Jt BOJbMy caolO. BoJbMH Moe p3..nHO. 300
I.fSSON
I3
2. Here's your briefcase. Youforgol your briefcase again. BOT Balli nopnt,eJlb. Bw: omin. u6Wm ca6ii DOpT~. BOT oawa 1I:HH:ra. BLi ouin. Ja6LvDr cao.o KHIiry. (Bawe 33JlBJlCUHe, Baw" BClltU, Barna ra3eTa, Baw ::acypHaJI. Baw" OJIaCTHHkH. Barna KBHTaIfUUJI, Barn 6HJleT)
HeT, cuacH60. H B03LMY ceoe. (MOH npaH,JJ;aw. MOJO P}"lKY. MOH CJIQBapb, Moe nepa, MO" Terp3.AH, MOIO ..-:apT)', MOlt 6HJleThl)
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Whose mistake was she talking about? About mine.
o '{t.eH oWH6ke Olla rOBOpKna? o Moeii. o '{bC:M nnCbMe aHa o MoeM.
2. Are you reading your own application? No, yours. Bbi 'imeTe
caoe JaJlBJletute?
HeT, Biwe. rOBOpw.a?
(0 '{bID: CTIfxax, 0 lfbeM o'{epKC, 0 'lbcli
kapTIIHe, 0 '{beM CO'{HliellHH, 0 l.JbHX Remax, 0 'lbnx )l(ypllaIlax, 0 '{bC:M 6JtJJcre, o '1beli npocb6e)
Rbi 'lHT3.eTt CRee CO'illlleHHe? HeT, lUilue. (CRee nHCLoMO, CROll CTIIXH, CROlO pa60ry, CBOH O'lepK, CBOW KflHl'y)
• EXPANSION DRILL
You haven't seen the cilY yet. You haven't seen our city yet. BbI eme He RH.aem.f r6po.D:a. Rw eme He BH.D:eJlH Hamen) ropana.
Bbi eWe He BH.neJIH UapTHpbt. Rbi eutc He BH.aeJl?l HaWeii KBapnlpLI. (.a.6Ma, 06we)f(IITIUl, Kapnrn, KOMlIaTbl, ROKJana, yllilBepclITeT3, WKOllbl)
• SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILL
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
Your brother was at my place yesterday. I was at your brother's yeslerday
I was reading your novel.
TooK 6paT Bl.Jepa 6b1n y MeBJi. st B'Iepa 6wJl y TBoero 6p8.Ta. TBOH .a.PYJbR B'Iepa 6b1nH y MeHR:. B: B"Iepa 6blJl y TBOH" .D:PYJeH. (TBOII cccrpbl, TOOK .a.pyr, TBOSI nOLl,pyra, TBon 6paTbSl)
I was talking about your novel. $( tmTM BAw poMbo st roBOplin 0 BJiwCM pame. $( '1ltT3Jl RaWII CTHXfl. Jl rOBOpHJl 0 BlituHx CTHx8.X. (Bawy pa60Ty, Barne COl£llHelllle, Baw O'lepK, Bamy KHHry, Bame JaJlBneHHe, RawH pa60Thl)
SINGUl.AJt. PLURAL
NOM
ACC
GEN
PREP
Masculine
Neuter
'1eli M6H, 1"86", CROit HaW, BaW
"!be MOe, TRaC, ceee name, Rarne
(like nom or gen)
(like nom)
'Iber6 Mocro, TBoer6, cBoero HaWerO, Bawero
(0) '1bC:M (0) MoeM, TBoeM, CBoeM (0) H3rnCM, aameM
Feminine 'IbR MOR, TBOJi, CBoli mlllia, BaWa
'IbH MOH, TBOIf, cROIf Hallill, BaW"
'IbtO MOJO, TBo.tO, CBOtO Hamy, aAwy
(like nom or gen)
'IbeU Moeif, TBoCil, CROe" HaWen, aaweu
'Ib"X MO"X, TBOHX, CBOHX HalllID:, Balll"X
LESSON 13
JOI
DISCUSSION Possessive adjectives all belong to the soft declension, with endings in the oblique cases (genitive. prepositional, dative, and instrumental) like those of the soft-stem adjectives. Note thal, except for Ham and aam, which have their stress consistently on the stem, the possessive modifiers all have ending stress. The reflexive possessive ca6ii, awe, CBO'i, CaoH one's own declines exactly like MON and nOH. Rarely used in the nominative, it may substitute for Moii, TRoii, Ham, or Uw in those situations where subject and possessor are the same.
Ii 83M .aa.n Moii (ceoii)
nopT~b. Mw rooopuM 0 HaweM (caoeM) lIPYre. Bw MHe lIan" Bimy (C80tO) mHry. Bw Mile lIanH MOJO KllHry.
I gave you my briefcase. We're talking about our friend. You gave me your book. You gave me my book. It is only when the subject is in the third person that CRoii plays a distinctive role. It differs in meaning from ero, eti, and MX, the unchanging third person possessives.
Compare WiLh
OR 3a6bln CRoii nopTq,enb.
Compare wilh
3HHa 'lIlTana como KHHry. 3Hlla 'umina ee KHl1ry.
Zina was reading her (own) book. Zina was reading her (someone else's) book.
Compare with
Oml rooopHnIl 0 CBoHx .ll.ppbAA. OllH rOHOpllnll 06 Hx .ll.PY3bllx.
They were talking about their (own) friends. They were talking about their (other's) friends.
011
3a6hlJI
He forgot his (own) briefcase. He forgot his (someone' else's) briefcase.
ero nopnl>enb.
Possessive modifiers are often omitted when it is clear from the context that the possessor and the subject are the same: A 6ban y 6pan (or y MoerO 6pin) I was at my brother's place.
Review of second conjugation verbs
PRESENT-FUTURE
SG
I
ENDINGS
-10
or -y
2
-~b
3
-MY
PC I
2 3
CTOlin, (ipfv) to sland
c.llhlluaTb (ipry) LO hear
"J'OC'ITb
n03801ll0 n03HOHH:u:rb 1l03HOHHT
CTOlo
cm':lluy
CTOHWb CTOHT
CJlblllJllT
npowy np6cHwb np6cIlT
n03HoHHM n03BoniITe n0380luiT
CTOI'iM CTOI-lTe CTOliT
CJlblWIlM CJIblWHTC
npOcHM 'npOcHTe
1103BOHHn. (pry) to phone
-MM
-MTe -lilT or -aT
CJIblllJHlllb
CJIbiWaT
(ipfv) to ask
llpOcJlT
..ymin (pry) 10 buy K}'TUIIO KynHllJb
KymfT KynllM KjlDfTe KfrniT
• SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
1. You never go
10
the movies.
Bw HHXor,na He XO.ltHTe B XHHO. HHlCorAA HC X6,1],J1T H KHtlO. (Mltl. 'I, ona, Thl, ero .aPY3bJl, MOW T08apllUl no kOMllaTe, Obl)
OHM
302
LESSON 13
2. I hear rile bell. A CJIwwy JDOHOK. On CJlbunHT 3BOHOk. (MbI, BbI, Tbl, Ollll, MbI
see)
HaTawa. CTY.lleUTbl,
3. Site alwoys asks 'hat 'he windows be opened. Omi ocer/l3 np6cuT OTlepblOaTh Olena. Ollli: ocer.na np6c$lT OTlCpbJOaTh olena. (H, Bbl, 3ulla, Mbl, TbI, )"fHTenb, eelCpeTapb, )"flhenbHHUbI)
4. I'll phone home tomorrow. 3uoTpa Ii n03001llO 1l0MO». 3aOTpa MbI n0300llHM .I10MOii. (aHa, Bbl, OIlH, OJler, Mbl, $I)
5. Comrade Alexeev. often goes to Kiev. TOBapHlJJ AJleKteeB 'laCTO C:JlUIT 0 Klieo. ~'I1t npo80AHJOOi 'laCTO C3.lU1T 0 Klieo. (MbI, OUH, .If, Bbl, TbI, 3Ta :lKeHlltHHa)
6. I don't remember her name. sl He nOMKIO ee "MeIlH. Tbi He nOMHIUUb ee "MeHH. (OHU, BbI, CTy.neHTbI, MbI, $I)
7. Volodya talks a lot at meetings. Bono.cur Muoro roOOpHT Ha co6pAHH.llX. ~ CT)'.rtetrrw MHoro rooop.1i:T Ha C06p3.HHSIX. (TbI, BbI, .If, Haw oaXTep, Mbt oee) • STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
1. Irina war looking out lhe window. Irina is looking out the window. HpHHa CMOTpCna 8 OICHO. "pHHa CMOTpHT B OuO. 8bi CMO",enH 0 okub. 8bi OU)Tptrre S 0"'"110. (CTy.nCHTbI, .If, MbI, Tbl, Kon.lf)
2. We often used to stand in line. We often stand in line. Mhi 'laCTO CTOMH B O'lepe.rw. Mbi 'IaCTO crOli\t 8 o'lepe1Uf. A 'laCTO craM B 6'lcpe.nH.
.sl:
'IaCTO (BbI,
crow
B 6'lepe1Uf.
JlJ()!lH, MOSl cecrpa,
TbI, MLI, .)
• QUESTlON·ANSWER DRILLS
I. I'm flot asleep yet, how about youfellows?
We're not asleep, either. .sl eute He cumb, a abl, pe6liTa? Mbi To*e He CIlIOf. .$I ell.\e He cnnJO, a 31'01' napeHb? Oil TO*e lie ann. A eute lie cnmo, a Tbl, KomI? .sl eute lie cnmo, a O,,? .sl ClUe He cumo, a Tbl? .sl Cute lie CnJIIO, a Obi, 1'OOapHIl.\H? .sl eute ue CllJ1lb, a 3TH mbAI1? .sl elUe lie cnmo, a :iTOT rp:oKJJ,aHl{H? A ewe lie cnmb, a HaWH nonjT'lHKH? .s'f ewe lie cnJ1JO, a BbI, .ncaywxH?
2. She pays tlery little for her room, how about you? I also pay very little. OHa Malia nnaTHT 3a KOMllaTY. a Obi? H:Ii MallO Ma'ly. aHa Mana nml.THT 3a KOMHaTy, a ee CCCTpa? ... OHa ManO nJiaTHT•
(a ThJ; a :)Ta nCEiI1ua; a :lTIf 3aOt llUlll.hl; a 3TOT rocnOAHII; a :ITa aMepuxallKa; a Bbl, pe6.Ta)
4. Will you permit that? 3. When are you going to see that film? Of course we will. We'll see it tomorrow. 8w pa3peWliTe 3TO? Kor.na Obi IlOCMOTpHTe 3TOT 4JIiJlbM? Mbi nOCMOTpMM en) 3aS"rpa. KOHl:'IHO, MW pa3pewHM. Pe6,)Ta pa3peWaT :iTO? Kor.na neael! l'IOCMOTpHT 31'01' 4JH:.rrbM? KOIle..HO, OHH pa3petUaT. OH IlOCMOTpttT er6 3aBTpa. (TUOII no.npyru, neBHua, TbI, BonO/lH H (eeKpeTapb, HX 6paTbSl, 3Ta aMepHKaHKa, ncTp, TOOH TooapHW no KOMllaTe, TbI, On. H ranjl, Bama )"f1rreJ1bllHua, Moil eelCpeTapb, BbI, 3Ta /leBywlCa) 6paT, ero CCCTpa, Toaapllw U,apanKItH) LfSSON 13
303
• STRUCTURE JUPLACEMENT DRILL
She oughl to receive a leiter SOOIl. She'll receive a leiter soon. ami cK6po nOJDICHa nOJIY"Hrb nochMo. Oua cKapo nOJlYIIHT "HCIoMa.
(6paTbH, aMcpHKallKa, TbI, Y'IllTCJIhllliLlbl, SE, rplDKnaHHH CCMCHOB, lTiI aMCpmCaHI..lbI, MbI,
npo$eccop)
Bbl CKOpO nOJDKHbl nOJIY."HTh nochMo.
BbI CKOPO nOJly"IJITe uHcloMa. • STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
I. I met her al the stalion. I'll meet her at the station.
2. Do you hear me? Dbi Mcmi CJIbIIllHTC?
A ee aCTpCTHJI Ha aOK3iuJe.
Tw MeUM CJIb1I11HUlh?
H ce BCTpC'fY lIa
Dbl MCHJI BCTpe1'H1'C?
BOK)Ue.
npoaollHHK ee aCTpCTHJI Ha BOK3a.ne.
TbI Meus Bc-rp(iTIUllh?
npoBOAHHK ce BcrpCnrr na BOIoaJle. (lllOif>ep, :JTa lKeHUUtHa, aMCpl1KallCKHC
Bbl MCHJI BH.QHTC? Bbl MCHII U3BHllHTe?
neBIJ;hI, Mhl, llPYJMI, 3TOT M)'iK'fHHa)
Dbl MeHII yCJIblllHtTe? Dbl MeHll: nOMI:U1TC? Dhl MCHll: JHo6HTe? Dw MCH~ n03HaK6MHTe?
•
SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILLS
I. I won't (be able 10J hear the custodian. The custodian won't [be able to] hear me.
2. He'll pay for them. They'll pay for him.
Aile yCJlblUly aaXTCpa.
6H
BaxTep MeHli He YCJlblunrr.
OUH 3aUJIlil"HT 3a nero.
A HC yCJlhrllly ceCTCp.
6H 3anJIaTHT 3a MCIlJi.
Cecrphl
MetiS
lie YCJIblW3T.
(ceKpeTapSl, Tc6S1, aac, pc6S1T, neBlll(, nCBlJ;OB, cryllcnToK, $J.lJUlnna, nCBywCK)
3alIJJaTHT
3a
IIHX.
H 3anJla
•
QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
J. Will you study the Russian language? I'm already .~tudying Russian. Dbl 6yncTc y'fHTh pycCKJ.:lii }I)bIX?
H y*e ylly pyceK"" H3MK.
2. Where will you put the records? 1'1/ put them on Ihe table. Kyna abl ItOJIO)KliTe nnaCTHHKlf? H 1I0JlOiKY Hx 113 crOJl.
31'01' CTynellT 6yneT Y'fHTh pycclmH H3bIK?
Kyna Y"ilTCJIh nOJIO)KHT DJJaCTHHKH?
'On y"m::e
Oil
y'fHl" pyCCKHH 93bm. (aMcpuKaHCK:uI nCBHua, Tbl, lTOT napenb,
TaoSE nonpyra, aMcpHKaHCKII" ncaeu, aMcpHKa~CKHC nCBLlhl, :)Ta aMepHKaHKa,
1I0J1allalT
Hx
118
crOJl.
(aHa, c1'ynCnThI\ nCBCU:, IICBHu:a, y60pUlHLlbl, TW, MM, BbJ, .uCBYWKH)
3TH aMcpHxalmbl)
DISCUSSION
I. Comparison between the present-future endings offirst and second conjugation verbs.
Verbs of thc second conjugation have thc vowcls -H- and -9- (or -a-) in their present-future cndings as compared with -0- (or -e-) and -10- (or -y-) for vcrbs of the first conjugation.
304
LESSON
I3
FIRST OONJUGATION
:malO IlltY
JlIliWJb H,UeWb
JHaer H,UeT
JHaeM H,neM
Jllaere MeTe
Jm'uar
(. ,nd 00)
HlIYT
(e and y)
SECOND CONJUG....TION CTOIQ CJIblWy
CTOMWb CJIblWMWb
CTOIiT CJIblllIHT
CToHM CJIblUIHM
CToliTe CJIbUUMTe
CTon CJIb1WaT
(M and R) (H and .)
2. A/Jernation of stems in the present-future of second conjugation verbs. Alternation of the final stem consonant occurs only in the first person singular. There are two types:
TYPf: I (Stems ending in C, 3, T,
.lJ.,
CT)
TYPE 2 (Stems ending in n, 6, B, ., M)
Compare cnpocHTb, cnp6cMT with cnpomy Compare BHJJ.eTh, BWT with IlH:«y .
Compare BCTpCTHTh, IlCl'pCTMT with BCTp4!:'Iy Compare 3aXOllHTb, 33.X6,lV1T with 33.Xo..y
Compare JlJ06HTh, JU0611T with l1tOO.rnb Compare octiBHTb, OCTUn with ocni.1lI0 Compare maTh, mJIT with Q1JIIQ Compare n03Hax6MHTh, n03Hax6MSlT with n03Hax6fl,vllo
3. The present-fwure stem versus the inFmitive-past stem. In second conjugation verbs the endings of the infinitive and past are consistently added to a form of the stem which ends in a vowel. This vowel is automatically dropped before the endings of the prescnt-future. INFINITIVE-PAST CMOTpC~Tb
PRESENT-FUTURE
CMOTp-IQ, -HWb, -SIT
-11, -11a, -11H CJlbllua-n.
cnblm-y, -H/llb, -aT
-11,-11a,-)1H rOBopM-Th -11, -11a, 11H
roBOp-IQ, -HWb, -liT
4. Stress pallerns in the present-future. The same three basic stress patterns that are found in first conjugation verbs are also found in second conjugation verbs: a. Stress consistently falls on the ending: rOBop.o, rOBopHwb, rOBopHT, roBOpHM, rOBOpHTe, rOBopliT. b. Stress consistently falls on the stem: 8C'T]X'Iy, BCTpCrHWb, BCTperHT, BCTpC:nrM, BCTptTHTe, BCTI>eTJIT. c. Stress falls on the ending in the first person singular, but shifts back to the stem in all other forms: npowy, np6cHlUb, np6cHT, np6cHM, np6cHTc. np6cSlT. LESSON 13
305
'lTEHI1E 11 nl1CbMO
rfuul Kyrnina HX Ha TOJ1~e. CerO.ltWi ee nOJI.pYnt nOH..lJYr B KpaCHblH yrOJlOK, r.ne ecn. npOHrphlBaTeJ1b. ORU 6y.nyr AMepHKl1HCKHe nnaCniHxH O"!eHb TpYJI.HO JI.OCTaBaTb.
TclM CJlywaTb My3blKy »TaHUeBaTb. raJHf npHHeCe-r CDOH ROBbie nnacniHKH.
306
LR'iSON
13
-
3HaeWb, Oller, }! BCTpeTHJI eerOJJ.HSl. KaTio. fJIe? B 6H6J1HOTeKe? Her, B KpacHoM yronKe. ItIHTepecHo, OHa HH'JerO He cnpauJH83JIa 060 MHe? HeT, omi, KaK Bcer.na., rOBOpH.n:a TonbKo 0 ce6e. rJpaBJJ.a, OHa nYM3eT H rOBopHT ocerJJ.a TonbKO 0 eeoc.
-
OHa " :lKHOCT TonbKO llJIJi ce6Ji.
-
Ka:lKeTCSl.. BaW" pe6siTa mo6siT Hawy 3MepHK3.HcKyfO My3blKy? ,[{a, J],:lK3.3 MbI O'leHb m06HM. TonbKo nJl3CTltHKH JJ.ociaTb TPY.lJ.HO. A Ji O'leHb mo6mo BaWH HapOJJ.Hble Me.nO.nHH H Y'KC K)'nHlI MHoro nnaCTuHoK. I1HTepecHo, KaKHe. XOTihe nocnywaTb? ,ll,a, KOHe'fHo.
- Xopowo, sf npHHeey "X ceroJJ.HS!: Be'lepOM. ECJut xOTHTe, R npHHeey H COOH 3MepHdHcKHe.
- 0, ,Il,a, nO",anyHCTa! Mbl "X C YJJ.OBOllbcTBHeM nocnyw3eM. - 3JJ.ecb l:IJJ.eT «BoHlla H MHp')' 3TO aMepudHcKHii qnlnbM. - 3H<1IO, HO TbI BHllHllIb, fan}!, KaKaSl. o'lepeJJ.l. y dCCbl? llpyroH Q>HJlbM. - Her, Ji xO'ly TonbKo H3 :hOT! TaK JlI06mo :hOT poMaH! - Hy, xopowo, noHJJ.cM Ha 3TOT.
Mhl Mo",eM nOHTH H3
.st
-
BOT MO" TOBaplfW no KOMHaTe, fanS!:. XO'leWb, Ji Te6si n03H3KoMlIfO?
.st
- 4TO TbI, Oner? 8eJJ.b ero xopowo 3HaJO, 3TO HHIConaii neTp6o. 311paeCTByH. KOJlS!: ! - A, ranS!:, npHBer! 4TO TbI Tyr Y Hac .o.enaeWb? -,ll,a BOT xO'ly nOCMOTpeTb BaW KpaCHblH yroJlOK. Oller rOBopHT, 'ITO y sac XOPOWHH npOHrpblOaTeJlb H HOBble nllaCTHHKH. - OTnH'IHO. CeH'IaC 6YlleM cJlywaTb My3blKy H TaHUeOaTb. HHHa XO'feT 'fHTaTb IKypHaJl I\AMepHKa», HO OHiI He 3l1aeT, rne ero 1l0CTaTb. KorJJ:a aHa CnpaWHBaeT 0 KHeCKe, CH Bcer.ua OTOe'laIOT. 'ITO OH pacnpO.uaH . nOCT3W :hOT )KypllaJl y 3HaKOMoro aMcpHKaHua rpaHTa, HO R He XO'fY eH rOBOpHTh 06 :hOM.
.st
Y 3HHbl eCTb XOpeWH" npoHrpblBaTenb H Muoro IlJTaCTItHoK. OHa mo6HT HapO.l.tHble neemf H cnipble pOMaHcbl. CerOllH}! K He" 33H.l.teT t1)HJlHnn. 611 npHueCCT aMepHKciHCKJ.ie nJiaCTltHKH, H OHH 6YJJ.yT cllywan )];:lK,\3 If TaHlI,eS3Tb. BOJIKOB KynHJI 6HJlCTbi 0 Tearp, HO raJiIi He Mo",eT nOHTu, OHa Be'lepoM pa60raeT. 801lK08 rOBopHT, 'ITO Tor1l3 OH TO:lKe He noHJJ.CT. 6H CnpaWHBaeT r3.nlO, He 3HaeT lIH OHa, no XO'leT noHTH. OHa OTBe'fae-r, 'ITO ee no.o.pYnf XOTenH noiint, HO He JtOCT3.nH 6HJ1er08. 01131 JtyMaeT, 'ITO OIlH C yJtOBOJlbCTBHeM Kynn y BOJlKooa 3TH 6HJlerbl. nerp laWen 8 Kny6 nocJlywan nCKlI,HJO 0 pyCCKHX HapOJlHblX necHu, HO npoeccop 6wJI GoneH H. J1eKUHH He 6blJlO. Toma OH nowen 8 KOMHaTy, cae CTOHT npOHrpblBaTeJlb H MO>KHO CJIywan DJlaCTHHKH. TaM OH ocrpeTltJl 3HHy, H OHU .llOJlro BMt':cTe CJIyWaJlH CTapble pyccKHe poMaHcbl B xopoweM MCnOJlHCHMH. LESSON J 3
307
LESSON
Ha T8Huax
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
.sf
to be tired (or exhausted), to get tired I'm tired or I'm exhausted. ooh!ugh! Ooh, I'm exhausted! hoI Irs so hot! Ooh, I'm exhausted! It's so hot!
YCTaTb (pfv I), yCTally, -elllb, -yr yetina.
. y",. ~,
Yep. y"""" >KapKO (adj )l(apKHH) TaK )l(apKO! yCT'liJt.a! TiA .lipKa!
sr••
OT.aOXHy-n, (pfv I), OTllOXHY, -elllb, OT.aOXHCM! ,nasaTb (I), .aalO, -emb, -101' .nasan! -Te! (imper) .l{asaiiTe OT1l0XHCIU! CB060JUlbIli
BOil dIU cao6OllHbIe crjnbH.
14
-y-r
to rest, have a rest Let's rest! or We'll rest! to give, let give! let's! Let's have a rest! free. unoccupied, vacant Over there are some empty chairs.
anpO'lCM A Bnpo'tcM, r.ae K3.TH H Bom'tll.H?
then again, but then, however But then again, where are Kalya and Volodya?
K (or KO) (plus dat) HM (or H1tM) (dat of oHa) II: HliM nOH.aCM K HHM! MO)KeT (full form Mo",eT 6bm.)
toward, to to them, fot them to them, to see them, to their place Let's go see them! or Let's go join them! maybe, perhaps Maybe we should join them?
MO>KeT noiineM K mtM? npe.anorin. (pfv U), npe.ano,q, npe.anOJKHllIb, -aT 'ITO-TO A XOTen saM .....~TO npeJl,1JO~-Nn..
to suggest, projX)SC, offer something I wanted to suggest something to you.
!la. Jl CJTYWaJO.
Yes, I'm listening.
J09
nepeifTit (pfv I), nepeHny, ---eWb, -YT nepeitTit Ha «nl» )l.asaiiTe nepeimeM 118 <(11;1),
to go over, go across to switch to "Tbl," start using the familiar form of address Let's switch to "Tbl."
MM Benl> YjKe xOpOmHe nppl.ll.
We're already good friends after all.
cornaceH, corm1:cna, -<>. -bl Xoporno, Ii co,·mien8.
agreed, agreeable Fine, I'm willing.
BOT II IlpeKpaCIIO!
ThaI's wonderful.
HhIUJ.fTb (pfv I), BbITlhlO, OhlUbeWI>, BblUbfOT nau.o BblUIlTb ]a :ho lIa.ll.o BbInIlTh! XOTJI XOTJl 6hl JlIlMona.n 3a 31'0 llaJl:O BMIlHTh, XOnl 6b1 JJHMOlla,D,a.
Xonhe?
to drink, have a drink it's necessary to drink, we have to drink We must drink to that! although even if only, at .Jeast lemonade We must drink to that, even if only some lemonade. Wanl to?
3a6bloaTb (I), 3a6blBoo, --eWb, -101' He 3a6hloaii, '{TO MW Ha (rbI».
Not "Obi," "rn." (Lit. Not "xoTlITe," but "xo'{ewb.") to forget Don't forget we're using "·TW."
He «xonrre»). a «XO'tCUIh», He Ja6b1Baii, IfTO MY 118 <<1"W»,
Not "BW," "TW." Don't forget we're using '"TW" now.
He «XOTl1:TC», a «xO'{ewb».
npmn:IKH}'Tb (pfv I), nplfBwKHy, --eWh, -yr (past npHBblK, npHBbrKna, -<>. -Il) 5i erne He npIlBhlK. H1Blllllt, Ii el..Lle lie llpHBbIK.
6y¢h nOiineM B 6ylj)eT.
to get used to, to be used to, to become accustomed to I'm not used to it yet. Excuse mc, I'm not used to it yet.
snack bar, sideboard Let's go to the snack bar.
SUPPLEMENT
.nBOp Ha Jl:BOpe CerO.nIBI Ha .ll.BOpe O'{Cllb )l(apKo. CBC)I(O Ha }].Bope CBC)I(O. norOlla KaKajj CerO/l,Hl'l nor6.ll.a? TeIlJlO (adj TCnJlbIH) CcrO.u.IHI TcmlO. CcrO.nHl'l TenJlal'l noro.na. xono.nHo (adj XOJlO.nHblif) CcrO.nIDl x6J10.ll.1I0. CerO.nHSI XOIIOll,Hasr noro.na. OTJIblXaTh (I), OTJl:hlX{UO, --eWb, -lOT 8M OTJIbIXaeTe?
310
LESSON 14
yard, backyard, courtyard outside, outdoors, out; in the yard It's very hot out today. cool, chilly It's cool outdoors or [t's chilly OuL weather What's the weather today? warm It's wann today. The weather is wann today. cold It's cold today. The weather is cold today. 10 rest, relax, vacation Are you resting?
10 suggest, propose, ofTer What are you suggesting? 10 go across, go ovcr Is it all right to cross the street here? habit That's a strange habit. bad, poor That's a bad habit.
npeJlJlaraTb (I), IlpeJlJlan\.1o, -ellIb, -lOT 4TO Bb! l1pC.ltllaraeTC? ncpeXOJU'lTb (II) (like XO.niITb) 3JlCCb MO:lKHO nepexOJlliTb
ymn-lY?
npHB~I'lKa
3TO CTpallHaH npHBbr'lKa.
nJlOXOH 3TO MOxaR npHBbl'lKa.
HaTllHUax 3URa
I
YlP, ycnlna!
Tak )l(apKo!!
Oner 2 )lae3HTe oT.noXHeM! 3Hua
3 Xopowo! A
BOH TciM CBOOO,llHhlC
Kin" H BOJlo.lUl?
BnpO'IeM, r.ne
Oner 4
nOHJleM.
3HHa
5
)la, x CJlYwaH>.
Oner
6 llaBaHTe nepeii,aeM ua «TbJ». MbI: BelIb
3UR3
7 Xopowo. x cornacHa.
Oner 8 3HII3
NOTES
MO)KeT nOH,neM k HUM?
3Hae-re, 3H:Ha. x XOTM BaM 'ITO-TO IlpeAlJO)J(UTb.
}'IKe xop6wHe .nP)'3bX.
BOT H npeKpaCHO! 3a :ho Ha.no BblUHTb, XOTX 6bJ JlHMOJl3Jla. 2 XOTHTe?
9 He
Oller 10
CljnbSl:.
«XOTHTC», 3 (
He
336blBaH, 'ITO MbJ H3 «Tb.t».
113BJfHH, x Clll.e lie rrpHBbIK.) nOHlleM
B 6yC"r.·
1 Both )KapKHH and ropsioorii mean hOI, but ordinarily they are not interchangeable. In reference to weather, climate, and room temperature, only lfi"apKuii is used, for example, KaKOH )KapKHii .!I.eH.. 1 What a hot day! rOpK'IKH, on the otber hand, must be used in referring to objects or things that are hot, for example, "Opli'l8H BO,lJ,3 hot water.
Note that the genitive form JlHMOIIlI,lJ,8 is used herc. Nouns denoling divisible mailer are used in the genitive case to indicate a portion of the whole amount, i.e., some. For example, compare >1 BblUHJI M01l0K8 I drank some milk with ji BblllltJl MOJlOKO I drank up the milk, i.e., all the milk. The word JfHMOIUlll. is used by some Russians not only for lemonade, but for almost al)Y soft drink. l
) In this conversation we find two more cxamples of past tense vcrbs in Russian, both perfective, where present tense constructions are used in English:
Yep,
YCTina!
.R eute He
npllBbiK.
Ooh. I'm exhausted! rm nol used to it yet.
• As used here, 6y~ is a snack bar or food countcr with very limited fare, mostly cold. Although Khrushchev prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages in snack bars, it is sometimes possible to obtain beer there. The word is also used to describe a cupboard or sideboard where dishes, utensils, table linens, snacks, and beverages arc kept. LESSON 14
311
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
(pI only) Hrpa H rpa B waxMaTbl. 3a CTonOM KaJKCTC~, 31'0 Kal'~ Ii BonoAli WaXMaTbJ
311113,
CMOTJlII: .d.lKe-rCH.
:ho
Ja
KliTH
cTon6M. H BoJloJUI
13 CTOJIOM. 01U1:
HrpatOl'
B
WaxMaTbl
J(a. B UIlIXMaTbi HrpafOT.
H ....p a
B UJaXMaTbI
chess, chessboard, chess set game, play, playing A game of chess. at the table I guess that's Katya and Volodya at the table. Look, Zina, I guess that's Katya and Volodya at the table. they're playing chess Yes, they're playing chess. Let's go join them 1
jf lie 3Uan, 'ITO Thl IIrpaewb. KaTH, Ii H He :man, 'fl'0 HrpaenJh.
1 didn't know you play[ed].
emf: KAK (or KaK eme)! H eute KaK!
and how! And how!
n:.
Katya, I didn't eyen know you play[edJ.
Mile (dat of Ii) QHa Aaml MHe Mh. ,nBa pa3a Omi )lBli pala lt3.na Mile Mar.
checkmate to me, for me She beat me (Iii. gave me checkmate). two times, twice She beat me twice.
J(a Hy! 31'0 if ,nOJllKell nOCMO~Tb.
No kidding! That I've got to see!
MaT
ca.nHTheH (II), caJKYCb, ca.nil:rnbe~, -liTeH
BMeCTO (plus gen) JIy
C MeHM
BMOCTO MeHti.
,noa6J1hHO
y'lKi .ltOBOJJbIlO.
cblrpaTh (pfv I), cblrpatO, -ellIb, -101'
a,UaOeM nO'lcMy 6bl He CblrpaTh nO'-lCMy 6bl BaM B,ltBoCM He Chll'phb? A no
CKy'lHO 60JiTbCH (II) [bajatC<)], 60K>Cb, 60I1WbCH, -Ji:rc~ EOJOCb, 'lTO BaM 6YAeT CKy'lHO. nOJKanyu nOJKil..rIyi-i. T6nbKO 6010Cb, 'ITO mlM 6y,neT BaM 6YlleT
to sit down, take a seat instead of, in place of You'd better sit down in my place, Qleg. I've had enough, I've had it I've already had enough. to play, playa game two together why not playa game Why don't you two playa game together? Well, why don't you two boys playa game together? you'l1 be bored to be afraid I'm afraid you'd be bored. that's an idea, I wouldn't mind, perhaps That's an idea. Bul I'm afraid you'd be bored.
CKy'IHO.
nmkaJlyii. TOJlbKO 6oIOcb, 'ITO BaM, JJ;esyUIKH, 6Y.ltcr CKY'lHO.
312
L~N
14
That's an idea. But I'm afraid you girls would be bored.
air fresh, cool OUI into fresh air to go out, get off (a vehicle), come out
BOJJJ.YX CBe)K"H lIa Cae)KHH BOJAYX BblHTH (pfv I), Bbdl.IlY, Bblit/leUlb, -YT (pasl BblUleJI, Bblluna, -0, -H) Bblit.lleM Ha Cae)KHH B03.llYX. Mw 8WiD.eM HeMnOro fta caellClrii B03J1YX.
Mw
We'lI go out into the fresh air. We'll go out for a bit of fresh air.
XO'felUJ>, 3MHa?
Want to. Zina?
na.auo
all right, O.K.
Jliluto.
O.K.
nplIXOJlHTb (II) (like XOAHTb) HaM (dal pI of Mbl) n PIIXO.llHTe K HaM. K6H'iIlTb (pfv n), K6H'Iy, -1IU1b, -aT
to come, arrive to us, for us Come see us or Come join us. to finish And you come joip us when you've finished.
A BbI
nptlxoDJiTe
K lIliM, KOr1lS I\OIl'itlTe,
SUPPLEMENT
to finish When do you finish working? or When are you through working? from one's house, from home There's a letter for you from home. to go out, come out, get off (a vehicle) He rarely goes out of the house. to come, arrive
KOH'laTb (I), KOH'latO, -eWb, -tOT Kor.llA BbI: KOIl'iaeTe pa66ry? HJ 1l0My BaM nllCbMo HJ .Il0My. BblXO.llHTb (II) (like XO.llHn.) 0" pt.llKO BblXO.llHT HJ .Il0My. npHHrH (pfv I), npw, -CWb, -tr (paSI npHUleJt. npllUina. -6, -H) Kor.lla BW npH1leTe K HaM? Ka»eeTCH, BaW nOe:J.a. npHwen. rymiTb (I), rymitO, -eWb, -toT 8b! 'laCTO ryJllieTc B napKC?
When will you come to see us? II seems your train has arrived. to walk (for pleasure), stroll Do you oftcn stroll in the park? to go for a stroll, go for a walk Let's go for a walk (or stroll).
norymhb (pfv I) (like ryJlliTb) D,aBaihc norymlcM.
Ifrpa B WaXMaTLI 3. - 3HHa
B. - Bml./lliMHp K. - KilTS(
O. -Oner
O.
3HHa, CMOTpH: K3)KeTCH,
:ho Kanl
It
Bono.nS!
3.
2 )la, 8 waxMaTbi HrpalOT. 1 nOH.neM K HHM.
O.
3 KaHl, R "
Ja
CTonoM.
He JHan, 'iTO Tbl HrpacUlh.
LF.SSON 14
313
B.
6
K.
7 A oO'leMy 6bl S3M, pe6lin, BnBDeM He Cblrp3Tb 7
O.
8
J1y'lwe Tbl,
OJler,
ca.luicb BMtkro MeHli.
C
MeHli Y)Ke nOBOJ1bHO.
nO:lKan:yH. TOJJbKO 60tOCb, lfTO BaM, ,QeBywKH, 6y,neT CKylfHO.
3. 10 J1!lnH0. A BW, pe6li:Ta, rrpHXO,QHTe K HaM, Korna KOIf'lHTe. 2 NOTES
I
Chess has traditionally been a very popular game with Russians of all ages.
The Soviet government prides itself on having tbe best chess players in the world.
As a result of winning only second place at an internationaJ chess tournament, the government took measures to insure a crop of future champions by introducing a course in chess playing in Russian secondary schools. l Notice that English often uses the present or even the pasl tense after when, whereas Russian more accurately uses the future:
npltxoJJkre
K
Come join us when you finish (or when you've finished-lit. when you 'shall have finished).
HaM, Kor.wi 8W
KOH"tMTe.
Basic sentence patterns I.
let's playa game of cards. _ _ _ _ _ _ of chess. _ _ _ _ _ _ of soccer. _______ of tennis. _ _ _ _ _ _ of baseball. _ _ _ _ _ _ of hockey.
,uasaHTe cblrpiieM 8 dpTbl. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 waXM3TbJ.
_______ 8
"'YT66n. TellHltc.
______ B
6eHc66Jl.
______ B
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ B XOKKeH.
2. ,uaoaihe
OT!J.OXHCM.
nepeH.n.eM t1a «Tbl». _ _ _ nOH,neM B KHIIl,). _ _ _ BbmbeM 3a 3TO. _ _ _ Bb.lH.neM Ha CBe:»mH B03JlYX. _ _ _ cblrpaeM B waxMaTbI.
____ DoUncM " HUM. _ _ _ noH.neM B 6y.ph.
3.
$I XOTCn saM ___ eH
lfT6-ro
_ _ HM
npe,lUloJkUTh.
_
_
-,---__ eMY _ OH xo-ren MHe lfT6·TO npe.llJ1o)Km. _ _ _ HaM
314
LESSON 14
_
Let's take a break or Let's rest a while. __ switch to "Thl." __ go to the movies. __ drink to tbat or Let's drink a toast to that. __ go get some fresh air. __ have a game of chess. __ go join the otbers or Let's go see them. __ go to tbe snack bar. I had something I wanted to suggest ______________ _ _
to to to to
you. her. them. him.
He had something be wanted to suggest to me.
_
to us.
4. MHe 1I)')Klla K:ipTa EBpOnbl. BaM _ HaM _ Te6e _
I1M EMy
_ ~_
£. - - - - - 5. Mue Hy>Kell
I need a map of Europe. you _ Wc
_
you Thcy He needs Shc
_ _
_ _
1I00blH 3TJ1aC. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CJlOOapb. _ _ _ _ _ _ ccKpeTapb. Mile lI)')Klta HOBaM npoJt3BuU1U3. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ KOMHaTa. _ _ _ _ _ _ pY':lKa.
I need a new _____ _____ I need a new _____
_ _ _ _ _ _ TCrpiutb.
_ _ _ _ _ notebook. I need a new radio.
atlas. dictionary. secretary. salcslady. room.
_ _ _ _ pen.
Moe HjJKHO "OBoe pa;mo. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nepO.
_ _ _ _ pen 1J>oin'J.
MHe HYJlCHbl 1I00bl:e nrrpA,Iul. ________ nOJIXH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CljJlbll.
I need new notebooks. _ _ _ _ shelves. _ _ _ _ _ chairs.
6. Moe XOJlOJtIIO. __ >KapKO. __ CKy'lIlO. BaM lie XOJlO)1HO? ___ )KapKO? ___ CKy':lHO?
I'm cold. _hot. _ bored. Aren't you cold? _ _ _ _ hot? _ _ _ _ bored?
7. KAK Ha )l8ope? - Ha .llBOpe ltopowo. _ _ _ _ _ Tenno. _ _ _ _ _ xono.lloo. _ _ _ _ _ ::dp"o. _ _ _ _ _ CBe>Ko.
What's it like outdoors? It's nice out. _warm_.
8.. Ka" ceroAlIlI renno! _ _ _ _ _ xono)lllo! _ _ _ _ _ >KapKo! _ _ _ _ _ xopowo!
9. KaxaJl cero)lH.l'! norona? -
norona cerO,ll,IUI xop6w3JI.
_ _ _ _ _ _ ""0.... ________
TeIlJ1~.
________ xonoJlHaJI. :lKapKaJI.
_~
10. BAM rIltCbMO tb llOMy. _ _ _ _ _ H3 MOCKB':".
JIemulTp:i)l.a. _ _ _ _ _ 113 EBpOnbl. _ _ _ _ _ 113 K IfTaJi. _ _ _ _ _ 1t3 AMCpIfKIt. _ _ _ _ 113 CIllA. _ _ _ _ _ 113
_cold _
_ho'_. _chilly _
How warm it is today! __ cold ! _ _ hot _ _ _ mcc
_
What's the weather like today? The weather's nicc today. _ _ _ _ bad _ _ _ _ _ _ _ warm_. _ _ _ _ cold _ _.
_ _ _ _ hot _ _
There's a letter for you from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from
borne. Moscow. Leningrad. Europe. China. America. tbe U.S.A.
USSON 14
315
II.
Ji
BaM 3BOHKn B 'lac.
_eH _ eMY 6H
I called you at one.
_ _
__he'
_
_ _ him
MHe 380H.H.n nOCJIe o6ella.
_
He called me after lunch (or in the afternoon).
_Ha.M
__
___ _ u'
__ Te6<
_
_
12. 6H npHWe.n 1\0 MHC. _ _ _ _ _ _ K Te6e.
you
_
__
He came to see me. ________ you.
______ u,_
_ _ _ _ _ _ K HaM.
_ _ _ _ _ KHCH. K HHM.
_______ you. _ _ _ _ _ _ her. _________ thcm.
6H npHwen K ce6c .n:OMO".
He came back home or Hc's come home.
_ _ _ _ _ _ K saM.
-,-
13. Kor,na Bbl KOH
When will you be through working 1 ___ will he be ? ___ will thcy be ? ___ will we be ? ___ will you be ? ___ will I be ?
14. Rbi YJl
Are you just about finished eating dinner? Is he finished ? Are you finished ? Are they finished ? I'm just about finished eating dinncr. We're finished _ She's finished _
IS. OHa. ,naeT ypOKH aHrmrnCKOro jl3hIK3.. Om! llaHlT _ llaeM _
She gives English lessons. They give _ We give _ I give _
Mw
R AlOO
_
Rbi ,naeTe ypOKH pyccKoro J13blKa?
611 .n:aeT
? ?
Tbl ,naeillb 16. OH" eMy lla.n:yT npOnycK. Rbi _ _ ,naJUITe __ Mbl __ lla.rlUM __ Tbl ,n3mb _ aHa __ lIUCT _ R _ _ naM _
17.
R BaM lIaM 3HilTb. 6" _JlliCT _ Mbl _lla.n:HM __
OUU -.n:a.rlY"r
_
Rbi MUe ,na.llHTC 3l1arb? Tbl __ ,naWb ? 316
lEiSON 14
Do you give Russian lessons? Does he give ? Do you give ? They'll give him a pass. You'll give _ We'll give ~ You'll give _ She'll give _ I'll give _ I'll let you know. He'll let _ We'll let _ They'll let _ Will you let mc know? Will you let ?
18. Kor.na kOIl'lHWb, Thl ueMlioro OTJl.OXllewb? ___ KOII... HTe, Obi OT.QoxHere? Kor.Qa KOH"'y, Ii HeMuoro OT.QOXHy. ___ Kon....HT, 01150 _ _ oT.QoxHeT. _ _ KOH"'HM, Mbl _ _ OT.QOXHeM. ___ koH...aT, OHIt _ _ OTllOXHYr.
When __ When __ __ __
19. J1eToM Ii OTJJ.blXOO B AnTe. ___ Mbl OT.Q.blXaeM __ " ___ ru OT.Q.blx8eWb_" ___ OHH OT.Q.blX3JoT_" ___ BbJ OT.Q.blx8en: __" ___ Xp)'lUeB OT.QblxaeT _ _"
During the summer ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
20.
She's already used _ _ _ _ _ _---'_ _ _
OHa K HeMy Y'Kc HaM
npHBbll(JJa. _
__ K
_ _ K HHM __ k
BaM
_ _ 1(0 MliC _ _ I(
Te6C
_
_ _
_
you finish, will you rest a bit? you finish, will you rest __ 1 I finish, I'll rest a bit. she finishes, she'll rest _ we finish, we'll rest _ they finish, they'll rest _ I vacation in Yalta. we vacation _ _" you vacation _ _ they vacation _ _ you vacation _ _" Khrushchev vacations __"
to to to to to to
him. us. them. you. me. you.
Pronunciation practice: fmal c1nsters witb [r] or [r] A. Final clusters with [r] followed by a hard consonant.
(gorpJ ,op6 hump (jtrpJ cep6 Se,b (bMJ 66pT shipboard (mart] MapT March [sgirt] COltPT alcohol, spirits [,pM] cnopT sport (tOrt] TOpT cake
[/!6rtJ '1epT devil (i>Ci'kJ O'lepK sketch, outline (p...kJ napK park [yerx] .epK peak [syerx] CBCPX above [mor~] MOpjK walrus (marlJ Mapw march
[fau) $lpe fan" (touJ TOpe torso [leurs) KyPc com", [to,~ TOP¢! peat [ger~ HCpO nerve [norm] HOpM of nonns (~ornJ ,nCPH turf
B. Final clusters with [r) foUowed by a soft consonant.
Note: Although the writing system does not indicate it, the P preceding a soft consonant is pronounced soft. (skarn] grief
([enJ
cKop6b
<»CP3b queen (in chess)
[yelO sepb shipyard
[SIJlcIlJ CMCpTb death
[skAtinJ CKaTepTb tablecloth [Q!:t yill] "'CTBePTb quarter U3SS0N 14
317
C. Clusters with [r] in final position. [a~6tr1
[akr} hp acre (tinr) ",imp genre Watr] TeaTJ) theater (metr] MeTP meter
oce-rp
[eentr] UellTJ) center (rpiQistr) MHHHCTJ> minister higr] THrp tiger
sturgeon [litr) nl1TJ) liter (smotr] CMOTJ) review
D. Clusters with [r] in final position. r~in\abr]
[najabr] H0116pb November [~ikabr] lIcKa6pb December
celfTIi6Pb September (ak\abr] OIITli6pb October
[vmitrl inside
BH~b
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
The dative of KTO, 'ITO, the personal pronouns, aDd the reflexive personal pronoun coo'; NOM
>ITO
"0
•
ThI
OH,Oll6
OHa
..,;,
...
OAT
"OMy
"IeMj
Mile
Te6e
'MY
eM (HeM)
HAM
aaM
(HeMy)
(no nom)
OIlH
....
ce6t
(HHM)
Notes 1. The altcmate third person fonns, the pronoun: K neMy, K ncil, and K "HM.
IICM)',
nci, and IlIIM, are used when a preposition precedcs
ceoe
2. The dative reflcxive personal pronoun to (or for) oneself has no nominative. It is used when thc subject and indirect object are the same: >1 KynHn ce6C nnacnttt.KY. (I bought a record
for "iyse!f.) MODELS
$i
XOTCn
saM
"ITO-TO Ck:uaTb.
_ _ _ CMY
_
_ _ Te6e
_ _ eii _ 011
~_HM
xo-re.n
l.ESSON 14
_
- - - - him - - _
you
_ _ _ _ _ he< _ them
_
Mile "ITO-TO C"a.J.3,Tb.
_ _ _ 113M
3J8
_
1 wanted to teU you something.
_
_
_ _
He wanted to tell me something. _
us
_
Who is that letter for? Me? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? You? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? Us? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? You? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 Him? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? Her? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? Them?
KOMy :ho nJICbMO? Mile? _ _ _ _ _ _ ? Te6e? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? HaM? _ _ _ _ _ _ ?B3.M7 _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 EMy?
_ _ _ _ _ _ 1 E01 _ _ _ _ _ _ ? HM?
.sf
K BaM
np»'llY
II
I'll come nnd see you on Saturday. _ _ _ _ _ him _
cy666Ty.
_ K HeMy
.
_ K Te6e
.
_K He"
.
_ _ _ _ _ you _ _ _ _ _ hcr
_
•
_ _ _ _ _ _ them
K HH.'I.t
. .
_
OpHXO.zuiTe K HliM B cy666Ty.
Come and see us on Saturday.
_ _ _ _ KO MHe
_
.sf Kynnw
BaM
_
:hy nnaCTIlHKY.
_ _ _ cc6e _ _ _ T06e
_ _
_ _ him
_
__hcr
_
- eO - - - _ _ _ HM _ Qmi KYnHT ce6e _ _ _ To6e
UOBbI"
_ _ lhem
nOPT¢ienb. _
_
She'll buy herself a new briefcase, _ _ _ you _
_ _ _ MHe
_
_ _ _ me
_ _ HaM
_
_ _ _ us
~
_
I'll buy you t!Us record. __mysclr _ __you _
_
_ _ _ OMY
mo
_ _
• CUED QUESTION- .... NSWER DRILL
(you) To whom did 1M teadler say that? To you. (BhI) KOMY Y'lHTeJlb 3TO CJn13an? BaM. (Ji) KoMj Y'lHTeJlb :iTo CKa.3an? MIU~.
(MbI, Thl, OHH, all, alia)
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Oh, you're here already! rll bring you Ihe paper. A.x, Bbl }')Ke 3.o;6<:b! R npHllecy BaM l'ueTY. Ax, aHa }')Ke 3.o;Ccb! A npHHecy eii ra3hy. (Tbl, all, OIlR, raJUl, peKTOp)
2. I don't know his house number. He doesn't want '0 tell me, Ji. He 3HaK> 1I0Mepa ero .o;OMa,
011 Mile lie XO'leT rOBOpHl'b. OHa He 3HaeT HOMepa ero ,ll,OMa.
Oil Hi He XO'leT rOBoptin.. (MhI, npo4>cccop AneKceeo, Tbl, Obl, peKTOp, pe6l1Ta)
LESSON 14
319
3. I wasn't home. Who came 10 see me?
4. She's sick. I'm on my way to see her.
MeHR He 6blJIO llOMa.
OHa 60Jlblla.
KTO 1'0 MHe nptlXo.ruin?
~
H.JtY
~
HAY I' neMj. (OHIl, :lKClla peKTOpa, TbI, ceKpeT3.pb,
6p.a:ra
lie 6bUlO llaMa.
Ie:
..eM.
Mo" TOsapHU.t OOJlell.
Kro I' HeMf npKXo.ruin? (Hac, ero, B~C, llCDywelC, re611, nCOHUbf,
"'l
CTYJlCHTbl, Obi)
5. He hasn't been to your place yet. He'l! come to see you. 011 y Bl'tc Cute 011 IIpHlih
II:
He
011 Y IIHIt eute He 6b1Jl. OK lIptt,!],eT I' 118M, (y Hac, y HcC, Y HHIt, Y Te6ll, y MClIll, Y Hcro, y Bac, y MCH.lI, Y Hac)
fibl1l.
BaM•
• SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILL
I. She bought him a present. He bought her a present.
cM9
Oua l(ynH.ria OR h.'"YJIHJI
iii
2. He'll bring her Sflme lemonade. She'll bring him some lemonade. Oil npHHecer eH J1IlMoHliJIa. Oua nptUfecN e.\1Y J1HMOUW. A npHllecY cit J1HMOlla,na. Oua DpHHeeer Mlle JlHMOUliJJ,II.
OO.aaPOIC.
DOllapolI:.
Mbi KynH.riH cMj uOllapoK.
On
KynHn HaM DOllapolI:.
(51 KynHJI, TbJ KynHJIa, Dbl KynHJHf, OHII
(Mbl npHllecCM, Obi npllileeeTe, OHII UpH-
KynHJlH)
nCCYT, lbl IlpHHCCelllb, all I1pHHeeer)
3. J wrote him (l lefler. He wrote me a letter.
.st
HanHcan CMY OHCbMO.
On
HallHw
MIMi IDICLM6.
Mbi HauHwH eMY UHCbMO. Oil llanHW IIiM UHClo~6. (Obi
HaUHC3JlH,
Tbl
H8nHC3Jl,
aHa
Ha·
nlleana, OHH HanHcaJJH, 011 HaTIHC3Jl, 51 H8nllcaJJ)
The dative case in impersonal constructions MODELS
Mae til: ..lIpKO. HaM _
I'm so-hot.
EMj
He's _ _. Shc's __. They're _.
_
Eii HM
320
LESSON 14
_ _
We're-.
BaM lie :lKapKO? Te6e ?
Aren't you hot? _ _ you_?
BaM HC 6yncT CKy'lHO? Te6e ?
Won't you be bored? ___ you ?
MHe 6y'UCT
I'll be bored. We'll be_. He'll be_. She'll be_. They'll be_.
CKy'H-lO.
HaM
.
EMy
.
E"
.
HM
.
I was cold. Wewere _ Hewa5 _ Shewas _ Thcywere _ _
M He 6bulO X0J10ltHO.
HaM
_
EMy
_
E"
_
HM
_
Were you cold 1
Te6e 6hi.no X0J1oltHo1 BaM 1
_ _ you __ ?
Mile napa H,IlTH. H;M 3a'lCM
What's your hurry? or Why should you hurry? or you _ _ ?
BaM ClleWI1Tb 1
_ _ reM A MIll~ _ HaM
It's time for me to be going.
____ u, _ _- -
_ ?
_ _ _ YOUf _ _ ?
MO)l(II0 nocMoTpCTb 1
1
Mlle T3.M 6bWO xopowo. EMy _ MHe XO"l.eTCJI
H;M
min•. _
May I look 1 or Is it O.K. for me to look 1 .__ we_10r us l' I was happy there or I felt good there. or He _ He I'm thirsty or I feel like having a drink. _ We're __ or We
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeal the above models, noting that the person who is involved in each instance is expressed by the dative case in Russian.
• CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
(f)
Who's thirsty? Jam.
(11) (olla)
KoMY Mile,
XO"l.CTCli nl1Th?
KOMy
XO'fCTCli IlI1Tb 1
Eo, (Bbl, ThI, all, MhI, OHM, SI, Olla, Bbl, Mhl)
• RESPO!'l'SE DRILLS
I. We'll be dancing. We won't be bored.
Mw 6jltCM TaHUCBaTb.
HaM He 6ylteT o..-j'Iuo. Ow 6jltcre Ta.Hl.lesaTb.
BiM
6ylteT Ckj'IHO. (SI, OH, ThI, ona, OH", OH, BbI, SI) He
2. He went home. He was bored. 0H nowen AOMOii. £MY 6wo CI.:ylfHO. aHa nowna .nOMO". I!ii 6bI00 a.y"lllO. (OUIt, ThI, BbI, MhI, SI, 011, Tbl, olla)
LESSON 14
32J
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Where are you going?
Home. Fm bored here. Ky.llil. Thl tmellIb? )l,OMOH. MHe J.necb CKy'lUO. Ky.na Bbl tmeTe? )l,OMOH. HaM 3.necL CKy'lHO. (au, OHIt, Mbl, oHa, Tbl, BbI, OH)
2. Why are you ill such a hurry? It's time for me to go home. nO'ieMy Thl n\K cnewHllIh? MHe nopa .uOMOH. nO'leMy OH nlK cnewlh? EMy nopa .nOMOH. (olla, ami, BbI, TbI, OH, aHa, BM)
• SUBSTITUTION ORJ LL
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
He knows that he'l! he bored.
He wantS to learn the results. He's curious to know the results.
Du
3l1aeT, 'iTO eMY 6yoneT CKy'lHO. QHa 3HaeT, 'ITO eH 6Yll,eT CKy'lHO.
du
XO'lCT
Bioi, ~, OHH, KOJl}!, 1'101, ran}!, Bce)
EMy
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
HaM
(Mh!,
Y311aTb pe3ynbTaTbJ.
HHTepeClIO y3HliTh pe3ynbTaThI.
Mhl xonlM Y3Han, pe3yJIbT<1Tbl.
II's time for us to go. It was lime for w to go.
Y3l.llln.· pe3YJILTllTbl. OHa, BbI, st, Mhl, OH, Thl)
HllTepeCIIO
(OHM, Tbl,
HaM napa HJ1TH. HaM nopa 6blJl0 HlI,TlI. MHC napa II)),TH. Mile nopa 6wno HLn"Ii. (cii, HM, BaM, HaM, MHC, Tc6c. eMy, MM,
MHe) • RESPONSE DRILLS
I. I was at Ihe flea market. I found il interesting there. $I 6hln ua TOJlKf'!Ke. Mile TiM 6wJIO KlITepeclIo. QH 6hW lIa TonKy'lKe.
EMy nlM 6wJIO HlITepeello. (MbI, OHa, BbI, OIlM, OH, }!)
3. You have time. Why should you hurry? Y BaC eCTh BpCM.lI. la'leM BaM CnClllHTb? y Te6l'i: eCTb BpeMII. la'leM Te6e CnClllHTb? (y Hero, y Hac, y HHX, YHee, y MeH$l, y Bac, y Te6S1, Y nux)
2. We danced for a long time. We're hot. Mhl nOJ1ro Tal:lL\enaml.
HaM iKapKO. dH .uoJlro TaHL\eaan. EMy iKapKO. (H, OIlH, TbI, OlIa, BbI, MM, H)
4. We want 10 read. May we read? Mbl XOTHM '1HTaTb. HaM
61:1
MOiKl1O '1HnlTh?
X6'leT '1HTaTb.
£MY
MOiKHO '1~Tb ?
(olla,
H, OHJf, Tbl, Bbl, MLI,
on, SI)
DISCUSSION
In impersonal constructions the dative case is used to identify the person affected or involved in the situation. Such dative constructions are especially common in conjunction with infinitives or shorl-form neuter adjectives ending in -0. in the past and future, the neuter verb forms 6bl.'l0 and 6j.1J.eT are used. They usuaUy precede the infinitive or short-fonn neuter adjective. 322
LFSSON 14
Te6C TaM He 6YlleT IIHTepeCHO. EMy nopa 6bUlO HJJ.Tli. MHe 6blJ10 XOJlOllHO. HaM 6YlleT XOJlOllHO.
You won't find it interesting there. It was time for him to be going. I was cold.
We'll be cold.
Tbe dative personal referent may be omitted for a more general statement. )KapKo. It's hot. nopa ·llllTH. It's time to be going. M6:lKIiO nocMoTpen.? Is it all right to look? KaK H1rrepecHo! How interesting!
Tbe dative case witb uylKelf, IfYJKHa, UYlKHO, and Ifyll
Mile lIy..cen arJlae. MHe Hy..ceH 6bJJI arJlae. Mne lIy..ceH 6YlleT 3TJJae.
I need an atlas. I needed an alias. I'll need an atlas.
Mile lI}':lKn3 K3PTa EBp6nbl. Mile IIY:lKIHl. 6wmi Kitp'ra EBpOnhl. MHe lI}':lKm'1 6YllCT KftpTa EBpOnbl.
I need a map of Europe. I needed a map of Europe. I'll need a map of Europe.
Milt Hy*1I0 p3Jrno. Mile lIY:lKHO 6blJIO paaHo. Mile n:;.«110 6yoneT panna.
I need a radio. I needed a radio. I'll need a radio.
Mile lI)')KJlbI lUUO'tli. ' Mile 1IY"'lIb1 6bulH KJlIO'tH. Mile II}':lKHbl 6yonYT KJlIO'tH .
I need keys.
I needed keys. I'll need keys.
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models. noting the pattern in the present, past. and future . • CUED QUESTlON·ANSWER DRILLS
I, (I)
Who needs an atlas? J need an atlas. (li) KoMj nY-«"CH aTJlae? Mile Ily*etl iTJlac, (Mbl) KOMy H)0Kell :1TJlac? HaM ttY*eu aTJJaC, (oHa, Oil. Mbl. Tbl. OHA, }I, oHa, TbI)
3. (cupboard) What will we need? We'lf need a cupboard. (wd$) 4T6 HaM 6yoneT uY*"no? HaM 6YlleT HY*eu WKa•. (n6JlKa) t.h6 113M 6yoneT HY":lK1I0? HliM 6Y/.teT IIY*Ha 1I0JIKB, (KJllO'HI, npOHrpblBaTeJlb, ,,1138eCTH}I». lIOaoe MecTO, :lKypllan (,OrOHeK", l(Be'lepIIRli MOCKBa», waXMaTbf)
2. (chess set)
What does he need? He needs a chess set. (w3XMaTbl) 4TO eMY HjJKIIO? EMy HY'...H";' WaXM8Tb1. (1I6:lK) 4T6 eMY ny,.cllo?
EMy ny*eH "0*, (JlHMOH311, KBIITaHl.l,IUt, flJ1aCTHIIKH, 6YMara. :«ypHaJI, MonOKO. ra3eTa, npaH.AW1l, PY"Ka)
4. (secretary)
Whom did she need? She needed the (or a) secretary. (ceKpeT3.Pb) KTO eM 6bU1 HjJKeH? Eii 6Lan uy",eu «KpeTapb' (y66pulI1u.a) KT6 eH. 6bln lIy"reH? £ii 6bfJla Hy"'IUii yOOputH118, (peKTOp, npOllaBlttHL(a, TOBapUlli BonKoB, y'lHTeJlbllHu,a, Bax:rep, HaTawa H 3ulIa, npo¢leccop OpJlOB)
, Some speakers stress the first syllable of lbe plural form: Ilf*xw.
!...ESSON 14
323
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. What dictionary does he need? He needs Ihis olle. KaKoii CJIOBflPb eM)i Hy*"ell? EMy "~eH BOT nOT. KaKOH xypuan eMY uyxeH? EMy Hy..-etI BOT nOT. (nona, poMaH, nepo, IOlHra, CTyn,
T""""'")
2. Are Ihere any cups here? I need a cup. Ty,- OCTb '1amKH'1 MHi Hy:tma '1lirnKa. Ty,- ten. CTari.m.l 1 Mue Hy»i:eH CTah.-aH. (nO)l(KH, H01l:H, BHJlKH, KapaH}l3..UjH, nepb$l, llOCKH. Te'1"p
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Here are some pencils. We don't need pencils. 8M KapaHJlamH. HaM KapaH,lI,llUIH He IIY*llbI. 8M nponycd.. HaM npouycd He IIYjt;HhI. (cnOBapb, KBHTanUHSI, KJUO'lll, Jlll$T, TaKcH, TeJIe$oll, HOClUlblUHXH, Kexpe)
2. Oleg doesn'l have an aI/as. Does he rea//y need an atlas? Y Onera HeT 3TlIaca. PaJSe eMY lIy*eu liT.[lac? y OJlt~:ra HeT ATnaCOB.
3. Where can one get pencils? She needs pencils. rlle MO:lKHO ,llocniTb Kap3llJl.auui? £ii Hy»:HW ...-apaHJI.auui. rlle MO::trnO llocniTh H6.1 £ii nj»;eH 00-.«. (nepbR, MaTepHaJJ. xopo6.:y, CTOJl. TeTPa.o.H, nonxy, CJ10Bapb, orypJJ;bl)
4. Where did you get paper? I'll need paper. rlle Rbi llOCT8.rrn 6)'Mary'1 Mile Hy»t.Ha 6YAeT 6YMara. Cue Rbi llOCTIuIH xapTy E8p6nbl? MHe H)"IOIi 6YAeT Kapn Eep6rn..l. (CTOII. xapaHllaI11H, nOJay, nponYCK, 6HJ1eTb1, ropJl'l)'lO 80.ny, MOIlOICO)
5. The children got [hold of] some pencils. They needed pencils. Pe6m llOCTanH ICap3HltamH. HM IIY*uw 6W.n.. Kapa",lI,aIUH. Pe6liTa J1OCT3.Jm crYnbH. 11M UY*HW 6biJlH CTYnMIL. (cTon, nomy, KU"!"", CJlOaapb, TeTpa,llil, HCTOplUO KHTaSl, KapTy AMepKlO:l)
6. He had no key. He needed a key. Y Hero He 6b1J10 VHO'la. EMy uy>KClI 6WlJ KmO'i. Y Hero He 6bUlO np6nycKa. EMf lIy*eH 6L,(jJ IlpOUYCK. (py6I1J1. Konefum. 6HneTa, TCTpa.nCH, paJU-lO. CTaxana)
PbBe eMf H)'jI'uLI liTJlaCbl?
(HeT TeTpa.o.eH, ReT CJIoaapeii, !leT nponyCKa, HeT nepa, HeT KnlolfeH, HeT CTona, lIeT nom:u)
DISCUSSION
Hy*eu, uy-ALB8, Hy*HO, and uy~ are the short forms of the long.fonn adjective HjJKuLIi necessary. Tbey are used in constructions where the dative indicates the person in need and the nominative indicates the thing needed: MRe Hy:IIlJIa K3pTa. (I need a map.-Lit. To me a map is necessary.) In the past tense the appropriate form of 6Wn, 6wJ'lli, 6Lmo, or 6Wmt is used in agreement with the short-form adjective and the nOlln indicating the thing needed. EMy Hy*Ua 6wJla x3pTa. EM)i HylKeH 6W.n wa
324
LESSON
14
He needed a map. He needed a driver. He needed some boxes.
In the future, the appropriate fonn of 6Y.ZleT (for singular) or 6yJJ.YT (for plural) is used with the short·form adjective.
Moe Ily*llli 6YJJ.:eT KapTa. Moe IIY*HY 6yJQ'T KapTbl. Moe HylKllO 6YJJ.:eT nepO.
I'll need a map. I'll need maps. I'll need a pen.
The neuler form HY*1tO is also used in infinitive constructions.
MHe HYmto Cn3Tb.
I need to sleep. We had to hurry. He'll need to work.
HaM Hj*110 6Ll.TJO cneIDJhb. EMy HY'*nO 6YJJ.eT pa66TaTb.
The imperfective verb )laBSTb and its perfective )lSTb ,a,aaan. (imperfective) PAST
nan. (perfective)
,a,asan,,a,asana,JJ.:asano,nasanH
.an
He nan
!Qed,IJ
.ana He JJ.ana
.llano He nano
[QidalllJ
[Qed,I,)
....
He nanK [Qoo'~J
PRPS
na.o, .naewb, AaCT, naeM, naen, na.oT
FliT
6yny naeaTb, 6Y.uewb nasATb
n3.M, naWh, nacr, na.nHM, .lIan.HTe, Ila.n.y-r
IMPER
nasaH! nasaH"re!
naH! naMn!
MODEL')
I. Imperfective verb naBliTb
6H naBin yp6KH pyCCKOro H3blK3.. Qila JJ.aBa.na _ Mbl !tasinH _
He used to give Russian lessons. She used to give _ We used to give _
..s1 .na,o yp6KH aHfmiifcl
I give English lessons. You give _ He gives _ We give __ You give _ They give _
..s1 6yny ·naBaTb ypOKIl pyccKoro H3blK3.. Tbl 6Y.lleWb _
I'll be giving Russian lessons. You'll be giving _ He'll be giving _ We'll be giving _ You'll be giving __ They'll be giving __
6H6~eT-----------------
Mbl 6YlleM 8bi 6yneTe OH" 6yJlYT
He na8Mi J.lM TaK MH6ro 80JJ..bl! He na88iiTe !
_
_
_
Don't give them so much water! Don't give !
I...fSSON 14
325
2. Perfective verb JlllTb
0"
MHe nan KJlIO·ni. Ou Mile fie ,na.J1 KJlIO'teH. Om\ MHe Aa..n:a KJlIO'tH. Olla MHe He na..n:a KJlIO'teif. On" MHe .nann KJlIO'f". Omi MHe He nann KJIIO'IeH.
He ga ve me the keys. He didn't give me the keys. She ga ve me the keys. She didn't give me the keys. They gave me the keys. They didn't give me the keys.
.st eMY na.M min. py6neif. T" __ namb _
I'll give him five rubles. You'll give _ She'll give _ _ We'll give You'll give _ They'll give _
_
Qmi. __ ~aCT
M" __ ~aWiM 8 .. __ """"'" QU" __ ~"'*
__
_ _ ~
llaif MHe ny Kmtry! lll\iITe !
Give me that book! Give !
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the above models, noting that the perfective verb .win has an irregular future. Note also that the imperfective verb .IllIsan. has a present tense based on an alternate form of the stem without -118-.
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. J 'II give [prillote] lessons. J give [privote] lessons.
.st
6y.ny .l1asaTb yp6KU.
Jt J1.aJO ypOKH. OH 6Y.l1eT naBaTh yp6KH. Ott )l8iIT yp6KH. (MOll ToaapHum, MOJl no.npyra, Mbl, 3TOT Y'lHTCJ1b, Th!, $I, 3TH llcaywKH, BbI, MOH ~pyr)
3. J gille singing lessons. J used gille singing lessons.
'0
.st natO yp6KH neHHR. A lI.aBliJl
yp6.... nell..A.
Mbl naCM yp6KH nellHJl.
Mw AasaJlH yp6"H neUHR. (aHa, OUH, OH, BbI, MbI)
5. She'll gille him the tickelS. She gave him the tickets. Olla nacr eMY 6HJleTbi. OHa JJ.aJli eMj 6KJleTW. 326
LESSON 14
2. Don't gi,'e him the key! Give him the key! He n3BaH eMf KJlIO'la! ,lI.aii eM)' IUIIO'l! He )laBaH eH pbl6bl! )laM eii pw6y! He ,naBMi "M 611J1eTOB 1 He n3B{u'i eMY HOMcpa TCnC(!>6Ha! He ,lJ,alH\H "M cnoaapli! He )],aaaH CH nponycKa! He naaMi eMy .O,ynaca!
4. She gave him ten rubles. She'lI give him ten rubles. OHa llaJlll eMy nCcJlTb py6ncH. Olla ,!laCT eMy ,aeCRTb py6mHi. .st eMY .necJl.Th py6neH. B: .naM eM)' lI.CcJm. py6ncii. (Jl. .a.ana, Mbf 011" lI.anU, Bbf nann, Tbl .nana, npo4Jeccop CeMeHoB aMepHXaHUbl nanK)
na..n
nan",
nan,
$i .a3.M eMY 6W1en...
B: lI.M eMf 61tJ1en... (B3XTepwa, Mbf, Mama, neBUbI, Bbf, oua, AneKceea)
6. The teacher let him talk.
The teacher didn"t let him talk. YlilfTenb Aan eMf rooopiITb. YlutTe.m. ue Aall e..... y rOBOpHTL. OHa AaJla CM}' rOBopHlb. Omi He Aalla eMy rooopm" (OpnOB, Mbl, AeBywK3, Y'tHTeJUl, GpaT, ceCTpa, Oner, :lKella)
7. f placed all ad in the paper. I'll place an ad in the paper. .H .nan 06b1IBJ1eIlHC 0 n13eTy.
Jl AiM 061>ABJIeIlHe 8 r8~TY' Mhl Ainu 061>RBJleHHC 8 n13eTy. My A8lJ.HM 061>aWIfMC 8 ."a3thy. (Ohl, y~HTeJlb, 11>1, 3TOT 'le.rTOBCK, Mall:
1l0Apyra, aMCpltlCaHUbI, MhO)
R, 31'3.
:lKeHllUlHa,
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
• RESPONSE DRILL
Does Kozlov hal'e the atlas? No, he gave if to me. ATnae y K03JI6oa? Hh, 0" JI.i;t ero Mtfi. ATnae y HHx? HeT, OHM AM.. er6 MMe" (y KonH, y HeC, Y HpHHbl, Y Hero,
He has a dictionary. He'll give them the dictionary. Y Her6 ecn. CJlOOapb. OM HM rolcr CJt08apb" Y MeHJi ecn. CJlOOapb. jj: liM .rtI:M CJloBlipb. . (y Hac, y Hee, y TeGR, YMeM, y oac, y tutX, Y Hero, y Hac)
y )"IHTeJlbIlHl.U>l, Y Y'lKTe1leH, Y ra.mt)
DISCUSSION
Thc perfective verb .win. has an irregular future whicb must be memorized: .wiM, A8lUL, .rtI:cr, AaJDiM, AaJUfTe, Aa$. Its imperative is .wUi! .wiiin! Its imperfective counterpart AWn. has a present tense based on the stem [daj-J: AaJO, Aaeuu., .Il.1Ie-r, 1I.1ItM, Alle-re. AIIKtT. The other forms of Aaa8n., including the past tense, infinitive, and imperative are based on lhe longer stem [dava-]: lI.ad.rl, lI.wn., .aaw. All verbs with infinitives ending in -ll8an. follow this same pattern, for example, Ilpo.ll.W..... to sell, Y3uaaan. to recognize, C03HaBaTL to realize.
Suggestions that include tbe speaker: part I-perfective verbs MODELS
noli.aeM 0 cy666Ty B KJIy6!
! !
):laaall 1l0H.neM
):laBaihe nOH)leM BhdilJ.CM HeMu6ro AaBlHi BhlH..nCM )],ae3iiTe BbliW,eM
laHJi.eM
K
lIa
CBe:lKHH S63.nyX! !
HHM!
JlaOa"
3aMcM ! }laoaHTe JaiiD.eM _ _ I OTAoxueM!
}lad" OTD.OXHeM! llaoaHTe
Let's go to the club on Salurday! Let's go ! Let's go !
1
_
Let's go out and gel a bit of fresh air! ! Let's go out Lei's go out _ Let's drop in on them! Let's drop in ! Let's drop in _ Let's take a break! or Let's rest a bit! Let's take ! or Let's rest __ I Let's take ! or Let's rest __ ! LESSON 14
327
norOBopHM 06 3TOM Jlene! AaBaH TIOrOBOpHM 1 AaBaihe noroBopHM _ _ !
Let's talk a bit about this matter! Let's talk ! Let's talk _
CbJrpaeM B rnaxMaThll AaBaH CblrpaeM _ _ , AaBaiiTe CbJrpaeM ~,
Let's playa game of chess! Let's play ! Let's play _
• REPr:TlTION DRILL
Repeat the above models, noting that either the first person plural perfective verb alone, or tbe verb combined with Jl8Baii (familiar) or Jl8BaiiTe (plural·poJite) can be used. ,lI,aBaii(Te) makes tbe suggestion more tentative and is somewhat comparable to English How aboul it? or What do you say?
•
STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. We'll go 10 the park.
Let's go 10 the park! Mbl nOHJleM B miplC. nOH.tJ.CM B napK! Mbl nO).lO:lKJlCM OK01l0 KHocKa. nO}.{O*Jl,CM OK01l0 KHocKa! Mbl 3a6y,ueM 06 ::ITOM. Mw 3ai1;:l,cM B 6yepcT. Mhl nocMoTpliM B CJIoaape. Mbl KyflHM 3TOT MaTepHa.rr. Mbl oCTaBuM eMy KJIIO'lH. Mbl 1l0H,UCM B KHHO. 3. Let's buy Ihem a present! Let's buy Ihem a presenl, how ahoul it? • KYlH1M HM nOJlapOK! )laB~H KyUMM 11M DOJlapoK. noroBopHM 06 :hOM! )luaH 1I0rOBOpM.\f 06 jTOM. nOH,neM OTJlOXHeM! KOH'IlfM .iTy pa66Ty! npHHeceM cTon! npO'lHT3.eM 06'bSlBnClIlle! 3ai.fJIcM B KOMHCCllOHHblH MaraJifH! OCTaBHM 3TOT pa3roaop!
2. We bought a dictionary: Let's buy a dictionary! Mbl Kynwm C1I0aapb. KYIIHM C11oBaph! Mbl no,ayMamt 06 nOM. nOJQ'MaeM 06 nOM! Mbl OTKpbum OKHO. Mw chlrpiU'm a waxMaThl. Mw norOaOpHlIIl 06 nOM Jlene. Mbl npeJl1l0:llUUrn: eM)! paooTy. Mbl nOJlO)l(.n;iU'Ul na yr1lY. Mbl OCTaBHJlH KJllOLJH lIa CT01le. Mbl BWTIlUm 1IItMOHaJla. 4. I want 10 go to the theMer. How about (us) going to the theater? R xO'ly nOHTIl: B TeaTp. )laBliiiTe nOHncM B naT)). .H xO'ly OTJlOXHYrh. ,lJ,aBaiiTe 01·JlOXIICM. ..R XOLJy BWHTIt lIa Cae:lKItH B63,lJ,yx. R XO'ly cnpocHTh 06 :hOM. $i xO'ly nOllO:lK,uaTb. 5i. XO'ly noronopHTh. $i XO'ly noHTI't Ha T3.HIl,hI. $i XO'ly 3aHTH Il :ho 3,lJ,aHHe.
• QUESTION-A-NSWER DRILLS
I. Well, how ahoul the movies, shall we go? O.K., let's go! Hy, KilK HaOICT KUHO, nofu!cM'1 J1a,lUlo, DOii,nCM!
Hy, KaK HaCLJCT KRHrlf, KYnHM'1 J1wo, KYIIHM! Hy, dK HaC'ICT 06e,ua, n006eJlaeM? 318
LESSON
14
Hy, Hy, Hy, Hy, Hy, Hy,
K3.K dK KaK KaK KaK Kal(
llaC'ICT O'lepKa, lIaml:WeM? HaC'ICT 'last, BbDIheM? lIaC'lCT pa66ThI, KOH'lItM? HaC'IeT nnac-l'HHOK, nOCJlywaCM? HaC'lC'r 6HJ1eTOa, B03bMCM'1 HaC'IC1' KocnOMOB, 3aK3:lKeM?
2. Wanl 10 go to the club Smurday? O.K., let's go! XOTlhe nOHTli e cy666Ty e K.ny6? Xopow6. ,1X8Baii"re no~eM! XOTilTe HeMIl6ro OT/lOXHYTh? Xopow6. Jl.a.aiiTe OT,1XOXHeM!
XOTI1Te CHell norOBoplfTb? XOTilTe JaHn! K IIlfM? XOTihe cblrpATb 0 waxMaThI? XOTiITe 3aMOnollTb Ja HlfX CJIooe'll(o? XOTilTe nocMoT¢Th ;hOT qlllnbM? XOTiITe OOHTIf 8 Jan?
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Let's take a cab! O.K., let's! ,UaBaiiTe BOJbMeM TaKCH. Xopowo, BOlJoMeM! ,UaeAihe nepeilueM Ita «fbi». Xop0w6. uepei.neM! AaBaHTe nanHweM eMy nltCbMo. ,l:lasaHTe nO,1XOJK1leM aBTooyca. AadHTe OTliomeM B napl(e. ,Ua8aJrre 3aK3XeM 6u.neTbl. ,l:laeAi'iTe nocnywaeM pyocKHe neeHu. ,l:laBairre nofweM noo6e.naeM. llaeaHTe BbinbeM n"MOHana.
3. I'm going (0 go to Ihejfea market. Let's go together!
A noiinY Ita Tomcy'lKy.
2. I have 10 go to Kiev. Me too. Let's go IOgether!
R .nOn:«ell
noexaTh
B
R .aOmKen
HanHc3Th CO'lHHeHue. TOa;e.)].ad.ii RamfweM a.\fkre! R .uOJDICeli nOHTH B 6H6nuoTel(y. .sf .uOn:«eH cnpocrn 06 3XJ3MeHax. A .u6.mlCeH 3aHTH 8 MaraJ"H. R .llOJDICeH BbiKTH Ita cee:.cHH BOJAYX. A AOJDICell nonpocrn ero 06 :hOM. R .llOJDICeH IIOAO:«Jl8Tb TooapHIUa. R llon;llCeH npo'lHT3Th raJb"y.
Jt
R Doo6C/lalO 8 CTonOBoH. R Hx no.uo)lCJ:tj. R nocnywalO lUIaCTHIIXH. R nOCMOTPIO )Kypllan
nObeM BMecre! A JaJCaJKY 61tJ1en... 3aK8*eM BMecre!
KHeB.
A TO.eo JJ;aaai noe.neM BMkre!
«AMepll.Ka».
A norymilO
A JailnY
8 napKe. Ita n6'lTY.
DISCUSSION
. Most suggestions that include the speaker are expressed using the perfective form of the verb. The basic fonn is the subjectless first person pluml verb. In informal spoken Russian, however, AaBaN or .nUBaii:"re oflen precedes the first person plural form: .aUdH for addressing and .naeaiITe for addressing Obi. Use of JJ,uBaH or .nuBaiITe. only adds an informal lone, but makes the suggestion more tentative and open to discussion. It is some· what comparable to English suggestions prefaced by: What [do Y01~J say we ... ? How about (us) ... ? Why d01l'1 we . .. ?
n:.
Compare nOCJlYwaeM IUIacTIhuCH.
Let's ]jsten to records!
with
What do you say we listen to records?
The unstressed suffix -Te may also be added to the first person plural form of a few verbs, mostly verbs of motion. It makes the suggestion more formal and polite.
Bbili.neMTe lIa cBc:«1l1i BOWX.
Let's go to the movies! or Shall we go to the movies '! Let's go OUI for some fresh air! or Shall we go out for some fresh air'!
The subjectless first person plural of a very few imperfective verbs may also be used in making suggestions: HlleM, eJJ,eM let's be on our way! let's go!
I...£SSON 14
329
Adverbs and short-form neuter adjectives ending in
-0
MQIJEL
6H
cnOKoih-lblH 'feJIOBeK.
31'0
pa6oTacT. HCnpaSlfnbHbl\.f OneT.
Bbl
HCnpaBJ.il1bHO OTBeUUlH.
6H CnOKOHHO
3TO HCY1l66HblC C"J"YlIb.ll.
Ha IIUX IIcy,n66no CH,IlCTb. 31'0 npOCThIC CJl0Ba.
I1x np6cTo
nHeaTh.
l-1rpa. B flee TPYAno "fpaTI>. 31'0 CKy'lHbIH poMim. 31'0 TpYilFla}l
Era
CKy'lHO 'HITaTh.
:~ho .D:oponi.ll 8emb. alia 1loporo CTOHT. 31'0 JICrKHj;! .ll3bIK.
Era JIcrKO y'l."1'I>.
Oil XOp6WHH CTY1leuT. 6R xopomo pa66TacT.
He's a quiet person. He works quietly. This is an incorrect answer. You answered incorrectly. These are uncomfortable chairs. It's uncomfortable sitting on them. These are simple words. They're simple to write. This is a difficult game. It's difficult to play it. This is a boring novel. It's boring reading it. This is an expensive thing. It costs a lot (lit. dearly). This is an easy language. It's easy to learn. He's a good student. He works well.
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that short-fonn neuter adjectives and adverbs may be fonned by dropping the long~fonn adjective endings and adding -0. Observe thai sometimes the stress may differ. Compare xOpOUIKii with xopomo, and nnoxoii with DJIOXO•
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRIl.LS
I. He lives quietly. He's a quiet person.
6H On
2. It was a warm day today. Today was warm.
CnOKOHDO :lKHBeT.
CerOllHR 6blJl TelUlhlii ,IIeUb.
cnoKoiiublii otenOBeK.
CerOlUUI 6h.ino TcnnO.
du "pOCTO )K~fBeT.
Ccro,nHSI 6blJJ xopoWHii .a:eHh.
On np
Ccro,nUH 6h.ino xoporno.
otenOBeK.
(CTpaUHo, Cl
(XOJlO,IIUhIH, )KapKHH, OTllH'lHhlll, npeKpaCHblii, TPY,llHhlii, CKj"lHhlii, nnoxoii)
3. Tomorrow will be warm. It'll be a warm day tomorrow.
4. I have a quiet room. I feel peaceful there.
3aBTpa 6Y.o:CT Terwo.
Y MeHii cnOKoiimul KOMHaT3.
38BTpa 6Y.lteT TeDJlhlii Jl.eUl•.
Mue TaM cooKoiino.
3aBTpa 6Y1I.CT )KapKO.
Y MeDii nnoxolSi KOMHaTa.
laBTpa 6YJl.eT *aPKHH Jl.eHh.
MHe
330
TaM nnoxo.
(XOJIO,llHO, HeUJIOXO, XOpOWO, l'CnnO,
(xopowaR, TCllilaJI, XOJIO,IIHaR,
)KapKO)
uey,n06I1aR, HenJIOXaR)
LESSON
14
5. He'.\· an excellem secretary. He does excellent work. (Lit. He works excellently.)
0"
OTJUi'lllbIH CeKpeTapb.
011
OTJUi'lllO
0"
;KOp6WHH
pa60Tatt.
3-'ro TaKO. Hlrrepeeuh.lM O'fepK!
OK xopoUJ6 paOOTaeT. npeKpaCHbJH, XOPOWHH, OTnH'llfblH)
3TO TalC ClCy'lIlO! 3TO TaKO. CKf'lIIh.lH O'fepK! 3TO TaK HHTepCcliO [
ceKpeTapb.
(WIO;KOH,
6. This is so boring! This is such a boring essay!
(TaK XopoWO, TalC CTpaIlHO, HeIlJlOXOH,
TalC CK)"iHO,
Tal(
TalC
rtlIOXO,
IIHTepecHO)
7. That's an interesting business (OT affair). That's interesting. ~o HHTep&:Hoe
aeno.
:)yo KHTepeem. ::'TO rtlIox6e aCno.
::no
11110XO.
(acY'lHoe, npocT6e, nerxoe, TPYJlHoe, CTpaHHoe)
'1T£HI1E 11 nl1CbMQ
LESSON 14
331
~~~/ H.
~ ~
N
~ ~." ~ ~ 'W?'UJ
e.i'
/-U
~
~ /<,'?nO, H-O k" - ~ /
,<:a:&
Bc'!epOM HUlla 11
CCMCU HAy,- B KRHO,
a celt'iac HM IIa.aO
B 6H6JlHOTeKe KHHfW Ii :a.:ypHaJIbI, CH):VIT ~ 'lHT310T. A cTYAeHTKa Hrpa.!OT B LU1.
EA,
HaBepHo, CTYAeHT cK6po ,lJ,3.CT tHi
MaT.
K3.:lKeTCH, CKy'lHO,
00"<:-
~.
OTltoXHYn.
BOT all"
B3.1iJIlI
33 CTOJlOM Y oKml CTyAellT It
«
om\ 'l
HHKonaH rOJ1o.Qcu. eMy .n3BHO nopa HATH 06eA3Tb, HO Hana KOH'UITb paoory. EM)'
TPYJlHO
KOH'IHTb
re. B'Icpa rami 6b1JI3 3Aecb, 11 oUH
BMecre
pa60TaJIH. a
ceroaH$(
Ou c.aena.n owH6KY. a rAe - He 3HaeT. Tenepb 6u CHllHT H HllleT .:hy owH6Jt:y. •
OJ](~r
CnpOCHJI Mcml 0 XHTpoBe, Ii KOf1l3 eMY. K Tene$6Hy nOJlOWJI3 X
Oner XO'lCT 8C'iepoM 3aunf K HeM)'
$I
Ii
ee HeT.
BOT noca.aa!
CK333.n. 'fTO XHTpOO 66ncu. OH D03BOKHJI CKa.3a.na, 'ITO 0" Y:lKe BDOJlHe 3110POO H
If
norOBopHTb 0
pa60TC.
HHlla lie O)l{Ull:ana J.lCTpCTUTh K03n6Ba B Kny6e. OHa He 3u3na, <{TO OR 'laCTO XOll:HT Ty.na. EH HIHepecHo,
-
332
He X6
-
XOlfCWb.
-
A 'lTO Te6e nlM
-
POMaH (Har.ul1 3ua"d>Mble)).
-
-
Y Me.lli ecTb 3TOT pOM3H. XOlfeWb, ll: Te6e .aaM? A TeGe 6" He H)0KCH? HCT, it era y>Ke 'I"Tan.
-
Bbl y>Ke CK33amt peKTOpy 060 MHe?
-
He-..,
-
BaM K3)1(eTCSl, 'ITO TaK 6yneT Jly..we? .R Hy 'ITO Obi! Ou 6'1CHb npOCToH Ii MHJIb.lH
flOH/.J;eM BMCCTe Hy)f(1I0
cme He rOBOpHn.
B 6H6mwTcKy?
B3ll:Tb ?
51
-
BaM lie CKy'lHO CHJJ,erb Bee BpeMS! nOMa?
-
Ha, Sl cnyw3JO
-
CTpaHHO, 'ITO Dbi
A T:l1.K
He
noATH K "eMf HeMRoro 60K>Cb era.
XOTen npe,ltJ1OJIUfTb BaM
'1CnOaeK.
BMecre.
nOH,QCMTe!
My3b1Ky.
mb6HTe
CHACTb
BOT
T3.K, c.nYW3Tb
MY-IblKY '" "H'lerO He .nenan..
MOry.
.
-
3H3,L{llT, Bbi He JU06HTe My3blKY. 3a'lCM BaM Torna sarn npoHrpblS3TeJlb?
-
npaella. 0" MHe He Hy:«CH. XOntTe, Ji
BaM
ere .aaM?
-CnacH60. -
TonbKo 6" o'teHb CTapblH. 3-ro HIf'ler6.
-
-
n;. JIYMaClllb 0 neTpOac? HI1KOnae MIl" Onere? fi er6 ItMeIHt He 3HllJO. BHlIcna TonbKO JlBa pba. Y Hero CHHHe rna3a.
-
3Ha'iIlT, :ho Oner.
-
~ x.oTena CHUM n03HaKOMHTbCR.
-
~ Mory Te6~ n03HaKoMHTb. TOJIbKO 60tOCb, 'ITO Te6e 6Y.neT C miM CKy'lHO. 6H
-
nlIlSl, 'ITO
.R
ero BI-hIeY K3lK.nblH .neHb Ha neKUIIRx..
Bee BPCMR 'lTO·TO 'lHTaeT II .nalKe, KalKeTCSI, miweT cntxu. -
3TO HHTepecHO. n03HaKOMb ",ie, nO)KanyHcTa.
-
Xopom6.
-
I1HTepeCHO CMOTpCTb, KaK OHH HrpalOT, npas.na?
-
Bbl 3HaeTe :hy Hrpy, OOT aaM H IIHTepCCHO, a R UII'lero IIC nOHHMlho, II MHC CKy'lHO. Tormi nO'leMy 61,1 DaM He B35fTb )I{ypHaJ1? BOT nOCJlC,lJ,JrJ.JH HOMep ((OrOHbKa,),
xOTHTe? - CnacH60, ~ C y.uOBOJlbCTBIICM nocMOTpK), -
TaM, KCTthH, eCTb O'lepK 06 AMcpHKe.
-
CMOTp.tTe. BOT npOBO.l\HHK. CKalKHTe eMY·
-
CeH'lac. n pOBO.uHHK! .$I npOCHJla 0 Kacce ,lJ,3.Tb Mfle HH)Kllee MOCTO. HaBepx.Y MHe
HeylI,06HO CnaTb. -
Ho BaM ,lJ,aJIH sepx.Hee, H Ji trnllero He MOri c.nCJIaTb. MO)KeT 6b1Tb, :hOT rpaJKlI,aHHH
MO)f(eT cmiTb naBepxY. - KOnC"IHO, MOri. MHHyTKy, ~ CeH"IaC B03bMY caolt DemH. BOT, nO)f(anyHCTa. -
CnacH60.
LESSON 14
333
LESSON
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION KaHHKyJIbI, KamtK}'JI
(pi
K
HaM lIa KaHHKyJlbl.
nnaH KaKite y Bae
noe./J.eM K HaM H8 K811HKYJlbl
vacation on (or for) a vacation, to spend a vacation Let's go to our place on our vacation. plan; map (of city) What plans do you have for vacation?
only)
Htl K311HKynbl
noeJleM
15
IImillbi 113 1\3UMli:YJJhI?
nOli:a "Hli:SKHx.
for the time being, meanwhile, while not ... any, none at alJ None at all for the time being.
A Y Bae
And what plans do you have?
nOKa IIHKaKOH
li:ali:MC MaULl?
POJUtTeJJH. --eii MbI: bJIHM K POJUfTCll.flM. KOJlx63
Mw bJUlM K POJlIITe.nJlM B KOJlX03. Mbf C 6paTOM
MbJ c 6paTOM eJDJIM K powrremlM 8 KonX03. 06bl'IHblJ'l (ad v 06bl'lHO) Mbi C 6p:iTOM 06W'IIIO lb,D,IIM K powhe.11HM 8 KO.""C)).
from here, hence kilometer.. three·fifths of a mile fifty It's fifty kilometers from here.
OTCK)Jla KHlIOMeTp [gi\l\li~t]
mITb,D,et:JiT
:)ro mrTb,D,eriT
li:NJI0MfipoB
OTCtO,1ta.
to invite
npHrnacHn. (pfv II), npHrJlawy, npHrnacHwb. -lIT
Mt:.:
Jl.YMa.'1H BaC
We thought of inviting you.
npHrnacHn..
JlaJIeKIIH (adv JlaJICKO) n"Tb,D,ecJiT KHlIOMCTpoB -::ho Jl3.JIeK6.
CnscM60. Ho ntn'bD,ecKT naneKo.
KHJlOMapoB
parents We go to see our parents. kolkhoz, collective farm, village We go to the kolkhoz to see our parents. my brother and I My brother and I go to the kolkhoz to see our parents. usual, usually My brother and I usually go to the kolkhoz to see our parents.
-.iTo
far, far away. distant Fifty kilometers is a long way off, Thanks, but fifty kilometers is a long way off. 335
pa3peWCHI1C MIIl~
pennissiom, authorization, permit They won't give me a pennit.
He HaJIYr pnpeUleHHR.
Henb3H HHOCTpaHell, -Hna HH0CTp3truaM HeJlb3li c8066HIIO cbHKTh. no (plus dat) CTpaH3, -&I:; CTpaHbI, CTpAH HIIOCTpiHnaM HeJlb3JTcB066,llHO
tJHKTh no CTpaHe. A H Ja6bw2, 'ITO HUocrpaHuaM HeJTLU CBOOOHHO brorn. no C'Tpaue,
"'.,,. )l,li,
O"tCHL
too bad, pity, sorry Yes, it's really too bad ~r I'm very sorry.
.anI>.
>1 HaWUX KOJlX030B eme He BH,n:eJl. A BeltL B8wHX KOJlXOlOB elllc He BM;J,eJT. CHHMOK, ~MKa
Y
MeHli
ecrb MUoro CHHMkOB
Hawero kOJlX033.
noc.'JywaiTe, y MetUi
ecn. MHOro
CIIHMKOB tnimero KOm:Ol8. DOKa.J3.Tb (pfv XoniTe, DOKDt:y?
I haven't seen your kolkhozes yet. After all, I haven't seen your kolkhozes yet.
snapshot, picture
MeH.H eeTb MH6ro CHHMkOB.
Y
(it's) impossible, one can't, one must not foreigner (It's] impossible for foreigners to travel freely. about, to (different places), in, via, along, around, through, up and down country Foreigners can't travel about the country freely. I forgot that foreigners can't travel about the country freely.
I)
(like
CKa33.Tb)
I have a lot of snapshots. I have a lot of snapshots of our
kolkhoz. Listen, I have a lot of snapshots of our kolkhoz. to show I'll show (them to you if] you like (/it. You want, I'll show). Yes, please do.
0,
UBeTHoii HeKoTopblH ueKoropwe n:«e ltBeTIwe! CIUfMaTb (I), CHHM~ho, -eWh, -lOT CaM, -a,
Bhi
-6,
CaM"
C8MH CUIIManH?
.annapaT y MeHM HOBblH annaph. 36pKHH .lI.i, y MetUI HOIWii annapliT ..:J6p1\HH.,
Ali,
colored, in color some, certain Oh, some are even in color! to take off, take (a picture) oneself Did you take them yourself? apparatus, camera Yes, I have a new camera. Zorky (name of camera) Yes, I have a new Zorky camera .
Bblwen, Bbluma, -0, -H (past tense of Bbl:iiTH) CHHmo::K O HCfIJlOXO BWlIIJJK.
The pictures came out very well.
nopliaoK, -,lI.Ka no nopwy D.aaaiin: 0I0Tptn. no oopliHKY.
order, arrangement, sequence in succession, in sequence, one by one Let's take them one by one.
336
LffiSON
15
SUPPLEMENT
in order, all right, O.K. Is everything all right? near, close close to, near You live quite close to us.
B nOpMKe Bce B nopwe? 6mbKHH (adv 6mbKo) 6mhKo OT BbI :lKHBhe COBCCM 6mbKo OT uac. Hc.aaneK6 Mi:d )KHSeM He.na..neK6 OT r6po.na. npHrnawaTb (I) OHii 06b1\(HO nPHrJlaWaK>T Memi K ce6e Ha kaHHK)'JIhI. MIiJui, -Ii; -H, MHJ1b C1c6nbKo MHnb OTCtOJ13. .nO BOK3a.na? OTT)'Aa Ck6nbKO kHnOMCTpoB OTT)'Aa .ao M OCKBbl?
close, near, not far We live close to (or not far from) town. to invite They usually invite me to their place for vacation. mile How many miles is it from here to the station? from there How many kilometers is it from there to Moscow?
nOel\eM K HaM H3 KauHKyJJLI
r.-r"""
r.
l1>. -
l1>Hminn
Hminn, KaKHe y Bac nn3.Hbl Ha KaHKKyJlbl?
<1>.
2 nod
r·.
3 Mbl c 6phoM 06W'fHO e3!1HM K p0!lHTeJUIM B KOJlX03. 3TO OJITb.aed.T KHJ10MlhpOB
HHKaKHx. A y sac?
oTciO.aa. I .!lYMlUUf BaC npKrnaCHTb.
<1>.
4 Cnacu60, HO mITb.aeCSl:T KHJIOMeTpOB -
r.
5
<1>.
6 )],3., O'lefib )f(anb.
r. 7
5i.
:ho JlaneKo. MHe He .aa.ayT pa3peweHIDI. 2
H 3a6blJIa, 'ITO HHOCTpaHuaM HeJlb3H CBo60,ll,HO e3'uHTb no CTpaHC.
5i.
BC,Il,b Baunu KonX030B ewe He BH,Il,eJ1.
nOCJlywatiTe, y MeHH ecrb MHoro CHHMKOB Hawero ~0J1X03a. XOTuTe, nOKa)f(y?
6,
<1>.
8 )],a, nO)f(anyMCTa.
HCKoTopble .aa)f(e uaeTHbJe! Bbi caMH CHUManu?
r.
9 )],3., Y MeHsi HOBbiM annapaT «(30PKHID', 1
<1>. 10 CHUMKH O'feHh Hennoxo BWWJllL )],aBaUTe CMoT¢Tb no nopsiltKy. NOTES
1 KOJIX03 is derived from KOMeKTJUU'oe x03SiicTBo collective farm. The word KOJIX03 has almost entirely rcplaced the old word .a.epeBKJI, in the sense of vi/Jage. Russian villages usually consist of one long street lined with wooden huts on both sides. Behind each hut is a small garden patch and, as a rule. a smaJl, log balhhouse.
LESSON 15
337
Exchange students in the U.S.S.R. can travel within a thirty-kilometer radius from the city where they live; to travel farther, they must apply for a special permit. It is unlikely that such a pennit would be granted to visit a collective fann. 1
The Zorky is a Gennan·made camera and is very popular in the U.S.S.R. In Russian 36p..." " means sharp-sighted or vigilant. J
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
n0K33bJ8aTb (I)
ra.rul n0K33bJBaeT tPlulIlnny CHHMKH. 66UlHH,-a~,-ee,-He
.KA 8M 661.1tHH BH.n. none, -H; DOnj,-eH 8M 06W;HH BM,!:{: TjT nonl1. KOnx03RblH
86T 66uurif BH,u: TjT kMXOJHbiC nMI1. oJepo, -a; 03epa, o3i:p nee, -a; neea, -OB B.a.amt Ty-r nomi, a BJJ;aJ1" nee H 63epo. Bu.neH, BHJl,H3., Bu.nHO, BH)])IbI
B.nami BH.D.Hbl
JIee H
6Jepo.
BOT MILlHM BHit: TyT uoml:, a 8,lI,ami Btl):I.Ilbr nee H oJepo.
r3JISI nOK3JblOSeT HnHn~y CIIHMKH
to show Galya shows Philip snapshots. general, over-all, common view, aspect Here's an over-all view. field Here's an over-all view: over here are the fields. kolkhoz, collective fann (adj) Here's an over-all view: over here are the kolkhoz fields. lake forest, wood{s) in the distance Over here are tbe fields, and in the distance the woods and the lake. visible, can be seen I n the distance the woods and the lake can be seen. Here's an over-all view: over here are fields and in the distance you can see the woods and the lake.
H363., -bl; H36h1, Ib6 A BOT mima H:wa.
village bouse, hut, cottage, farmhouse And here is our house.
.nepeBHHHhlH ...... llcpes1lHBalll . ." v, .,
wooden, made of wood Ob, made of wood 1
A iTO 'f1'O ua ymme ?
And what's that in the street 1
:ho
konOlleu, ICO",OAeQ.
-Jlll.3
BO,llOnpoBO.a. Y
HaC Her BOJlonpoBOJla.
338
LESSON I5
well That's the well. running water, plumbing We don't have running water.
oenp6, -a; oenpa, ne.nep oe.npaMI-I IIOCHTb (n), IIOWy, U6cI-lWb, -SIT Haao BOay HocHTl. Oe,/l,pHMH.
npeACTao.nJITb eWe (I) "Halle (or Hualle)
.sf HHalle npe.nCT3SJ1liJl ce6e KOJlX03.
A Ii. :mien. tota..e npellCTaBJl'liJr
ce6e
KOJlxch,
K3.MCHHblH Obi: ltYMaJlH. HaaepHo, ,llOMa K8MeHHble. A3? :meICTpHllecT80
Bw AYMaJDI. HWpRO: ,/I,OMi. KAMetlHble, :J.'1elCTpll'lec1lJO,
Ai.?
crpOHn. (II), CTpCUO, -HWb, -SIT Tenepb CTpOKT AOMa. Tenepb CTpOSlT AOMa J])UI
pail, bucket by (or in) pails, in (or by) buckets to carry We have to carry water in buckets or Water has to be carried in buckets. to imagine, envisage, picture otherwise, differently I imagined the kolkhoz would be different. You know, I imagined the kolkhoz would be different. stone, brick You probably thought the houses would be brick, didn't you? electricity, lights You probably thought the houses would be brick and {that] there'd be electricity, didn't you? to build, construct They're building houses now. They're building houses now for farmers.
KOJlX03HIIKOB.
«OroubK60, KaKHc Tenepb crpOKT .nOMa ll,ltSi
.$I '1HTan B
I read in Ogonyok the kind of houses
tbey're building now for farmers.
KOJlx63"HKOO.
J],a,
a o6MuJo 'lMTU • (Kf:»,
KalOie Tenepb C'Jl)6.... Jloi'tui JlJliI k"OJlXOJHHICOB,
A,3HaJO. TypHCT "aKHe nod3blBa'OT TypHCTaM. A. 311I1.0, TaKHe n0K83b1BaIOT rypHCTaM.
*
ceMbR, -H; cCMbU, ceMe~ BOT BCH u:iwa ceMbJl:. BM TYT BCli nawa ccMbli 3a CTOJl6M.
cP6To (indecl n) A "a :hOM ep6TO oeli lIliwa CeMLK 3a CTOJJOM. OHcCn. (II), OUCHY, oHcn ",,:oHa
Y de, li RH*)'. ""O"bI BHCfl,
Gor, -a
Yes, I remember reading in Ogonyok [about] the kind of houses tbey're building now for fanners. Oh yes, I know. tourist That's the kind they show to tourists. Oh yes, lknow. That's the kind they show to tourists. family Here is our whole family. Here is our whole family at the table. photograph, picture And in this picture our whole family is at the table. . to be hanging, to hang icon, holy picture I see you have icons hanging.
aepHn. (II) (plus dat) sepHTb B (plus ace) P8Jae ow aepMTe R 1i6ra?
God to believe, trust to believe in. have faith in Do you really believe in God?
MW C6paTOM
My brother and I don't believe.
He
aepllM.
L.E.SSON 15
339
OTl:U, OTU3
MllTb, MilTepH; MhepH, -eH BepylowHH Ore... H MaTI. y lIac aepytOlQJIe. W~PKOBb,
uepKBH; -~, -eil
father mother one who believes, believer Father and mother are the believen; in our family.
O"ell K MaTI. XOJUIT B ...epKOBh.
church Father and mother go to church.
Y BaC H uepKoBb nlM ecrb? TaK y BaC H QepKOBb T8.M ecrb?
Do you have a church there? Then you do have a church there?
-a; cerra, cCJI
coce~HHil,-~~, -ee,-He Ecrb B coce~HeM ce.ne. &rb, TOJJbKO lie y HaC, a B CoceJUlCM CeJTe.
village neighboring, next There is one in the next village. Therc is one, only [it is] not in ours, but in the neighboring village.
n6cJTe BOHnhl OncpWJIH.
It was opened after the war.
ceJlO,
SUPPLEMENT ~opora
.uopora He O'lCHb xopowaH. Haw ~OM o"eHb 6mhKo OT ~oporH. BbI 3HaeTe ~opory K03epy? [fO ~op6re no ~opore llICn KaK6il-To '1CJlOBeK. no Aop6re AOMOil li KynHJI ra3ery. HaM [fO Aopore Kb
road, way, route Thc road isn't very good. Our house is very close to the road. Do you know the way to the lake? along the road, on the way A man was walking along the road. On my way home I bought a paper. we're going the same way Looks like we're going the same way. to build They'll soon build new houses here. to believe Believe me, he's a good man. neighbor They're our neighbors. neighbor (f) Our neighbor brought us this. faith, confidence faith in, confidence in He has no faith (or confidence) in himself. collective-farm worker (0 My mother is a collective-farm worker.
I Note that the final stem consonant of coce}l neighbor, which is hard throughout the singular, becomes soft in the plural. Compare the singular: cocb, eeeeil,ll lsa~t, SlI~6Cl!Aeii, 0 coceJlllx, coce}lll.'ol [saij&,li, sa~ij, asa~eq'Jx. saijCq'Jm].
340
LFSSON 15
raJlH nOKalbmaeT tbHJlItnny CHHMKH r.-r3JUI
r.
BOT 06UlH" BfuJ.: TjT KOnX03HhJe 1I0mi, a BLl,amf BHLl,Hb! nee H oJepo. A BOT Helwa "36a.
$.
20, .nepeBll:HHa}l?! A :ho 'ITO TaKOe Ha yJIHue?
f.
3 3TO KOJI6.1.l.eu. Y mi.c neT BOJl,OnpOB6.o.a, Haao BOAY HOCHTb BCJl.paMI1. 1
(1).
4 A .R, 3HaeTe, I1Ha'le npe.ncTaBJI.RJI ce6e KOJIX03.
r.
5 Bbl Ll,yManH, HaBepHO: .nOMa KaMeHHble, :)J1eKTpHlfecTBo,.na?2
<1>.
6 .lla. ~ nOMHJO tntT3..n B (OrOHbke», KaKHe Tenepb CTp6SIT .nOMa
r.
7
(1).
8 Y B3-C, .R BH)Ky, HKOHbJ BHch. P33Be 8b1 8epH"Te B Dora?
r.
9
JI)I}I
KOJlX03HHKOB. l
A,
3HaK>. TakHe nOd3b1BaIOT TYPHCTaM. A Ha 3TOM 4>6TO acH HaWa ceMb.R 3a cTonoM.·
Her, Mbl c
6phoM He BepHM, HO OTeu H MaTh Y HaC BepyK>Ullle, XO.nHT B uepKOBb. S
(1).
10 T6.K y BaC
r.
11 ECTb: TOJlbKO He y Hac, a B cocellHCM cene. nOCJJe BOi:lHbl OTKpblJIH. 6
NOTES
It
uepKOBb TaM eCTb?
I In Russian cities there was running water (at least cold) even before the Revolution; however, it is still nonexistent in rural areas.
l Electric lights are usually not found in rural Russia. Note that the term ....aMetIHWii.literally stone, refers to all nonwooden buildings, Le., brick, stone, stucco, and so forth.
In some villages, two-family and multi-family houses have been erected under Khrushchev's program to modernize the villages. l
• Russians usually use lhe word lfM)ro (short for CluiMOK, in reference to snapshots of people.
4toro~a4lH.),
rather than
, The noun uCpKOBL (I) church has a sort final ~tem consonant except in certain plural cases where a hard [v) occurs. Compare the nominative plural ItCpKBH [cerkyi] with the prepositional 0 ItqlKBix [acirkvax] and with the dative ttep08.\4 [cirh.im]. , Ce.'l6 is a large village. Characteristically it had a church in pre-Revolution times, but this is not necessarily true today.
LESSON 15
341
Basic sentence patterns Say hello to your wife. _______ sister. _ _ _ _ _ _ husband. _ _ _ _ _ _ father. _______ brother. _______ mother. _ _ _ _ _ _ parents. _ _ _ _ _ _ friends. _ _ _ _ _ _ brothers. _______ sisters.
I. npHBeT :lKeHC!
---=",e! - - MY>
_ _ _ POLUiTenJlM! ___ .aPY3blfM _ _ _ 6paThJlM!
_ _ _ c&:TpaM!
Show Philip the snapshots. _ _ Nikolay _ _ _ Father _ _ _ Sister _ _ _ Mother _ _ _ your parents _ _ _ your friends _ _ _ the tourists _
2. nOICa:lKHTe 4lwuinny emf MICH. _ _ _~ HKKOJlaK> _ _
___ OT""
_
_ _ _ cecrpC
_
_ _ _ _ M3.TepH
_
_ _ _ _ po,a,l-fTenJlM _ _, _ _ _ _ .D:P)'3bHM
_
_ _ _ _ TypuCTaM
_
3. Ha KaHHKYJlhl Ji 06b1'lHO C3:lKy IC po,!JJhenm4. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ K .aPY3bliM. _________ K _________ K
A
li
And I go ___ ___ ___
b:l'y B KOJlX03.
___ B
ce.n:6.
_ _ _ BKHeB. ___ B
O.lleccy.
4. JlaH-re 3TH cP6TO rpAHT)'. _~
npo
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Y'lHTeJ110.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ TypHCTaM.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 3Hlle. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ¥'lIb'eJlbIll1ue .
5. MHe He .n
_
K6~c
ranc
_
HHKomuo
_
SpATy OT"" HaM
_
4>H.Jlltnny
_ _ _
6. M He Hano oonbwe cnan.. 3HHe _ Onery _ CrylleHTaM _ My,.y _
342
LESSON 15
6""".
=TpC,
On my vacation I usually go to see my parents. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ friends. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ brother. ________________ sister. to to to to
tbe kolkhoz. the viUage. Kiev. Odessa.
Give these pictures _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
to to to to to to
Grant. the professor. the teacher. the tourists. Zina. the teacher.
They won't give _____ _ _ _ _
me a pass. Kolya _ Galya _ Nikolay _ _ Brother _ _ Father _
_
u,
_ _ _ _ PlUlip I need more sleep. _ Oleg needs _ The students need _ My husband needs _ _, ~naneeds
_ _
CeC'"T]X H3.nO 60Jlbllle CObb. OTuj _ Iipan.RM
My sister needs more sleep. My father needs _ My brothers need _
_
7. WHOCTp3.HU8-M HeJJb3li CBo66.1lHO
C3JUITb
00 CCCP. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 00
CTpaHe.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 KKTiJo.
8. My XO.llHnH 00 napxy. _ _ _ _ _ no DonlO.' _ _ _ _ nonecy.
We walked all around _______ _______ _______ __________ __________ __________
_ _ _ _ no Konx63Y.
_ _ _ _ no r6poJlY. _ _ _ _ no
oeJJY.
_ _ _ _ no BOJOany. 9. MHe era
*a..nb. _
__ HX _ _ __ Te6li
_
»em
MHe 3Huy. _ _ _ Kamo _
_ _ _ _ ct>wllfnoa. _ _ _~ KOnx03HIUCOB. 10. Y mix utT sePbl 8 ce6li. ______ B
They have no faith ______ ______ ______
;ho .Ileno.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 8 JlIOJleii. _ _ _ _ _ _ B 'teJlO&eICa.
II. KuHe y sac Wl3.HhI ua lI:3HlU:yJlhl? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ua 33..BT'p3? ___________ HaBOCk~H~? _________ Ha 3T)' cy666Ty? ______________________ Ha 3TY He.a.emo?
____________________ Ha 3TOT
Be'tep?
12. Po.rUtTeJlU *HB:fT .a.aneK6 OT MOCKBbJ. _________________ He.a.aneK6 OT MOCKBbJ. _________________ 6mt3kO OT MOCKBbJ. ___________ nllTb.a.ecliT XIUIOMCTpoB oTClO.a.a. ___________________ ,UaneK6 oTclOJla. ______----- He,ll3nekO oTclO.lla.
13. MY npawnH MHmo. ___________ OXOJlO MKnH. .nse MKnH. ___________ TpH MKnH. _ _ _ _ _ ruin. MKnb.
the park. the field. the woods. the kolkhoz. the city. the village. the station.
I feel sorry for him.. _ _ _ _ _ her. _ you_ _______ them. _ you_ _______ Zina. _ _ _ _ _ KolyB. _ _ _ _ Philip_ _______ the coUective farmers.
_ee __ _ _ B8C
Foreigners can't travel about freely in the U.S.S.R. _____________ in the country. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in China.
in in in in
What are your plans ______________________ _______ _______ _________ ______________________ My parents live ________ ______ ______
themselves. this thing. people. man.
for for for for for for
the vacation? tomorrow? Sunday? this Saturday? this week? this evening?
a long way from Moscow. Dot far from Moscow. close to Moscow. fifty kilometers from here.
_ _ _ _ _ _ a long way from here. _ _ _ _ _ _ not far away from here. We've covered (or walked) a mile. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about a mile. ______________ two miles. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ three miles. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ five miles.
'Nate that. occasionally takes the stress (rom the noun: It6
IIOJPO
[p6p;lul, a6 iRCJ (p6lisu).
l.ESSON IS
343
MbJ npOWnH KIU10MCTp. _ _ _ _ _ OKono
We've covered (or walked) __________ __________ __________ __________
KI.fJJOMeTpa.
_ _ _ _ _ 1103 KI.fJJOMe-rpa.
_ _ _ _ _ ':Ien';'pe ICHnOMbpa. _ _ _ _ _ OliTb KHnOMtrpoB.
y.lt"e Dpown" Olin, ypOKOB. _ _ _ _ _ _ B6ceMb _~ _ _ _ _ _ _ nCorrb _~
They've already covered five lessons. _ _ _ _ _ _~_eight ~
14. Ouii:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ten
.
ABTo6yc It.llh B Konxo3.
_ _ men
The bus is going to the kolkhoz. _ _ _ was gomg _ _ _ _ arrived at _
_
_ _ _ UpHWCn. _ _.
Let's play cards. ____ chess. ____ soccer. _ _ _ baseball. ~ tennis. _ _ _ hockey.
16. ,llaB1l.iITe HrpaTb 8 dpTbt.
_______ 8 waxMaTbJ. _ _ _ _ _ B YT66n. _ _ _ _ _ _ B 6eiic6on. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 -reUHHC. _ _ _ _ _ _ B XOKXeM.
17. J1y':lwe He 6YlleM
__________ B
TeBHHC.
We'd better DOt play cards. _ _ _ _ _ _ chess. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ socce•. _ _ _ _ _ _ baseball. ________ tennis.
__________ B
xOKKeA.
_ _ _ _ _ _ hockey.
HrpATb B KiJ.PThJ.
waXMaTbi. B YT66n. B 6eAcOOn.
__________ B
_______ _________
_
The road goes to the lake. _ _ _ went _
15. ,llop6ra It.lleT K oJePY.
_ _ mna
about a kilometer. about a kilometer. two kilometers. four kilometers. five kilometers.
IS. H.K He CUluIT. ___ rOBopliT.
People don't sit like tbal _ _ _ _ talk _____ dance __ _ _ _ _ walk _ _ _ _ _ _ play _ _
_--,--_ TaH!.tYK>T.
_ _ xaASIT. ___ HrpaK>T.
or That's no way to sit. or to talk. or to dance. or to walk. or to play.
19. llBepH YJKe OTKPblB3K>T. _____ 3aKpbI8UK>T. Y:lKe BhIXO.D)fT H3 uepKBH. n ponycxoB 60nbwe lie llatOT. TaKHx pOMaHOB 60nbwe fie mlw)'T. Ero CTHXOB 66mwe He 'lHTaIOT.
They're opening tbe doors already. They're closing _ People arc coming out of church already. Passes are no longer being given. They don't write such novels anymore. People don't read his poetry anymore.
20. TypHCTbI 0610'':1110 ClllfM3.JoT
Tourists usuaUy take pictures or our farms. _ _ _ _ of our lakes. _____ of our stone houses. _____ or our buts. _ _ _~_of our woodeD churches. _____ of our woodeD cburch. _____ of our Russian villages. _____ of our collective farmers. _____ of our collective-farm womeo.
H3mB _ _ _ _ D3mB _ _ _ _ _ HawH
KOma3b1.
oJCpa. ICllMeHHble llOMa.
_ _ _ _ HarnK i06bl.
_____ HaWK llepe8liHHble ltepkBH. _____ Barny .aepeBmH)'lO
UepKOBb.
_____ HaWK pYecICHe ce.n:a. _____ HliwHX Kom03HHKoB. _ _ _ _ _ 1IawItX. KOJlJf.03Hlli.{.
344
LESSON
15
My My My My
family is in this picture. father is _ parents are _ mother is _ My ncigbbo, (I) ;,_ _~ My neighbor is _ My neighbors are _ _~ Our collective farmers are
21. Ha :hOM $lTO MOJ:! ceMbR. _ _ _ _ _ MOM OTell,. _ _ _ _ _ MOlt POJlHTenH. _ _ _ _ _ MaR MaTI.. _ _ _ _ _ MaR _ _ _ _ _ MOM coceJl. _ _ _ _ _ MOH coceJlH. _ _ _ _ _ HaUJH Konx03HHXH.
cocem:a.
Pronunciation practice: consonant clusters with [I] or
_
m
A. Clusters with [I] or [l] in second position. [blank]
6m'iIiK
[vlaH] enaCTh powe'
[mletnij] milky
6mbKo
[vlellJ .nC3Tb
(pIAnJ
to crawl into
plan
blank
£blisb] close £blud~]
[kla~U
6mO.no platter, dish [vhl.znij] BJla:lKHblH humid B. Clusters with [1] or [1M]
KllRcn.
MJlaauntH
younger
UJ
nna.
[plox~
J nnoxo
it's bad
to curse {mlat~ij]
MnelfHblH
(pHIJ
nm:m,
to be swimming
in initial position.
n6a
[1i6t] n:lKCT he's lying , [lfi] n:lKU
of the forehead [Ibi] n6w foreheads
of the lie
(lgat] nrATb to lie [Igiln] nryH
IIvAJ llbBa of Lev
I1b,nHHa
ice Ooe
Una]
I1bHa
ofOax 1I~1i1J
nbCTlin.
to Oaner
IIda] nbilA
liar
n~n:;l]
O~uJ
JlbutY
I Oanee
of ice
C. Clusters witu (lJ or min final position. (nerl) nepn pearl [smisl] CMblCJl
[ansambU aHcaM6nb ensemble [zuravl] )kypaellb crane
sense [rubl] pY6Jl1.. ruble
[karai>ll
[suiktaklJ CneKTakIlb
show [l}in6kU 6HHOKJlb binoculars
Kopa6I1b
ship D. Clusters with (lJ or
[stolpr CTon6 post [dolkJ .nOnf duty [pOls] non3 he crawled [volk] e6nK wolf
01 immediately
[0<=11 OTpacm. branch [zaF.lslJ 3apOCJ1b brushwood [rnisll MblCJlb thought
eonm,
[v6pll outcry
before the final consonant.
I'6lk] WenK [pOlkJ
(pulsJ nYIIbC pulse
silk
nOIlK
regiment
[allJ
AnbT
alto
[;oleJ )KeJ1lfb
[ku[l] KynbT
bile
cull [fall] cPanblllb falsehood
[vals] waltz
ml.lIbC
LESSON 15
34S
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
The dative of nouns: singular and plural MODELS
Mawc
_
HpHHe Maplhf
_ _
npHHecH OTl.~ CTaJl:3.u _ _ 6paTY
BOttbi.
_ _ _ _ aMCpHK:3I1Lt)'
~_"
Philip needs a pass. Vladimir _ Evgeny _ Nikolay _ Kolya _ Masha _ lrina _ Maria _ Bring __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
_
_ _ _ Y'IIITemo " _ _ _ cekpeTapfb _ _
____ ____ ___ ___
Y'lHTeJ1 bHH Ue - - aMepKKaH"e _ HHHe " MapHJI "
Come (or go) to the telephone. _ _ _ _ _ to the lable. Come (or go) over to the cupboard. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the window. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the blackboard. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the door. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the map.
nO.nOH..nlITC" re.ne4x)IIY. cTony. _ _ _ _ KlUlca/fly. _ _ _ _ " OKIlY· _ _ _ _ K.nOCKe. _ _ _ _ K ,llBepH. _____ K
_ _ _ _ " IdpTe.
0"
on on on on on on on
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 reOIlJaquIH.
He lectures ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
nOJ801lHTC cTYJleHTaM B nOlle.ne.nbHmc. _ _ _ _ CTYJlelfTKaM _
__coeds
'lHTaeT neKlum no MY3blxe. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no MaTeM:lTH.Ke.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ f10 JIHTeparype. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ f10 cI)lbJ.lxe. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 xHMlfIl. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 HCTOpHII.
_ _ _ _ lleSu3.M _ _ _ _ _ ncBlluaM _ _ _ _ _ Y'lHTeJ1 bHH llaM - - - _ _ _ _ OTu3.M
346
Father a glass of water. Brother _ the American (m) _ _ tbe teacher _ the secrelary _ the teacher _ the American (f) _ _" Nina _ Maria _
_
_ _ _ _ MarepJiM
_
_ _ _ _ po.QJiTeru
_
_ _ _ _ Y'IIHemiM _ _ _ _ cekpeTapliM
_ _
LESSON 15
music. mathematics. literature. physics. chemistry. history. geography.
Call the students on Monday. _ __ singers _ _ _ singers (0 _ _ _ teachers _ _ _ fathers _ _ _ mothers _ _ _ parents _ _ _ teachers _ _ _ secretaries
_ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
On Mondays I'm always home. On Tuesdays _ On Wednesdays _ On Thursdays _ On Fridays _ On Saturdays _ On Sundays _
nOHe.uenbHHkaM R ocer.ua )lOMa. OTopUHkaM _ cpe.naM _ lfeToepraM _ nRTHHLtaM _ noq~nM _ no BOCkpe<:eHbJlM _
no no no no no
NOUN eNDINGS IN THe DATIVE
-e
-"
:lIIl:tlui-nouns (except ~tI nouns)
..waepb-nouns, lICtluii-nouns ending in-KII, lOtti-nouns
-y, -to
SINGULAR
aM- and maul-nouns Hard stems and stems ending in 'I and ll.l
Soft stems
-y
-H>
-e
-"
CTony 6p,hy KOJ1Jouy re.ne¢lOHY OTuj To8ApHlJJ.Y
llHtO HHK01JalO y'uhcJlIO napHto KnT:ho nnaThto co6"aHlUO
llUep" MATepll O'lCpe)l1l HCTOpHIl 1JekUU" Map"'" liMeHH opeMeHII
KJlJO'Iji
ce.""e HaTarne Kone
rane .neoytUke npollaorn.HUe
MOcry
oKKj
-aM
PLURAL
Hard stems and stems ending in
-AM
'I
and ll.l
Soft stems
-aM
-AM
YJllaM ropollI.M rocnimw.llM .llf:oymnM pe6RTaM
6paTbRM .D.BepliM napuKM nC1mHILV
co6paHH."" Y·UlTe.nr.. O'lCPeJti."" llecHRM
.upYJbaM crY1JblliM Jla6opaTOpHHM
LESSON 15
347
• REPETITION DRILLS
Repeat the given models, noting thc pattern of endings for nouns in the dative case. • CUED QUESTION·ANSWER DRILL.S
I. (Vladimir)
Who needs tickets? Vladimir:. (B1IanHMup) KoM}' Hy;Knbl 6HJ1eThl? BJlSrolMHpy. (.ueayuJKu) KOMy H)')KHhI 6HJ1eTbI?
)l.CByntKaM. (aMCpl1.KaHKa, CTy,ueHTM, CCKpeTapb, AnCKCCCB, HaTawa, ee no,/\pyru, TOBapl1lU 801lKoa)
3. ifriends)
Who did you call on? Friends. (,uPY3bll) K KOMy Dbl 3aXOJIHlIlI? K ~PY3LliM. (pO,uHTCJIH) K KOMy Dbl 3axo,uHJUl? K porolTeJllIM. (npoct>eccop Opnoa, aMepmcaHKa, y'lIfTCJlb, 311Ha, CTy.nCHThI, amI, aMepllXaHIJ;W, rpaHT)
2. (Zina) (3I1Ha)
Who are you selling your camera to? To Zina. KOMy abl npo.naeTC Bam arrnapaT?
3HIIC. (EareHUH) KOMy BbI npo.nae-rc Bam annaph? EarClIHIO. (nJXXPeccop Opnoa, ralllJ, aMepl1KaHen, y'lHTCJlh, .upy3b.1l., Toaaprnu, HmcOJlaH, Mapllil)
4. (conveniences) What's he accustomed to? Conveniences. (y.a06CTaa) K 'lcM)i OH npwsblK? (.a)l(,i3)
K y.u.OOcTBaM. K 'lCMy OH nplfBwK?
K IDKlhy. (AMepI1Ka, y.a3.'l.lf, Espona, npocb6bt, pa6ol:a, KlfTaH)
• RESPONSE DRIL.L.S
1. Mosko's thirsty or Masha wants a drink.
Bring Masha a glass of water. Mawa X6'1CT m1Tb. npHliecH Marne CTadu ao.a.W:. OTtU XO'lCT ruITb. npHuecH omy CTad" Bo.nLi. '(cccrpa, Oller, CCKpeTapb, UCBI1Ua, Toaapl1lU CeMeHoB, nCBen, rocno.nHH rpaHT) 3. Doesn't Philip have a permit? Give Philip a permit. y '1>llllHnna HCT pa3pernenllil? )l.aiin c])HJDirrny pa3perncllHe! • QUESTION-ANSWER DRIL.L.S
1. Isn't Oleg going to come?
No, Oleg would be bored there. Oner He npH1leT? Hb, OJICry 6y,D,eT TaM CKylfIIO. 3Hila He npl1.neT? HCT, 3ii:ue 6y,D,C'f TaM CKylfHO. (CTYIlCHTbI, ce no.npyra, I1X .npy3bll, cro 6paT, K0J111, npoq,eccop, aMCpI1KaHCU, ncaUl.l,a) 348
LFSSON
15
2. Oleg is asking where the lake is. Tell Oleg where the lake is. OJler CnparnHBaeT, rne 03CpO. ClmiKHTe OJlery, r.ae
2. Does your frielld have your camera? Yes, I ga~'e it to my friend. Tao" annapAT y TOSapHma? )la, Ji er6 !lin TOB8pltIUY· Tso" annapaT y ceCTpW? )la. li en~ win ceape, (APj"3eH, npo4>eccopa, ee nOJI.pyrH, TosapUma no KOMilaTe, aMepUXaHlJ,a, 3UHbI, 6para) 4. Is he a professor of music? Yes, he lectures on music. Oil npo¢leccop MYJblKH? Aa. 6tI 'lIITlieT JlCKUHIt no Mj3w..-e. 0" Ilpo
3. Did Nikolay buy WI alias? No, Nikolay 110 longer needs an atlas. HHKOJui" KynHn hnac? Her. HHKOJI.9.tO IiTnac y",e He Ry"'CU. 3HHa KynHna aTnac? HeT, 3Hue aTnac )')l'"e lie Hy.CU. (pe6J1Ta, npo4>eccop KYPO'tJrnH, orell" cecTpa, ¢lHJIHnn, Y'fUTeJlbHUu.a)
(npo4>eccop 4lH3HKll, npo¢Jeccop XllMHR, npo4>eccop reorpa41UH, npocf>eccop .JIHTepaT)'pbl, npocf>eccop HCTOpHH)
Aa. 6ft 'lIITlieT ne..UH" no MaTeM3TMKe• • STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
He'll come on Scturday. He usually comes Scturdays. Oil npu..aer 8 cy666ry.
(B 'leTBepr, B BOCXpecenbC, B W1~, BO BTOpHHJ:, B nOlleJI,enbtfHK, 8 Cy660Ty, B CpeAY)
OR 06bMto npHx6.rurr no cyfi66TllM.
OH npu..aer a cpCJI,y. 08 06bruto Dptlx6JI.MT
flO
Cpe.!l,liM.
DlSCUSSION: NOUN ENDINGS IN THE DATIVE
Singular I. Those CT6JJ- and Ot'·HO-nouns taking ~a in the genitive singular take -y in the dative singular; those taking -11 in the genitive singular take -10 in the dative singular.
2. )Kcua- and ,/lBept.-nouns have identical fonns in the dative singular and the prepositional singular; so, too, do the nouns HMH and BpeM1l. Plural Nouns taking -ax in the prepositional plural take -aM in the dative plural; tbose taking -HX in the prepositional plural take -HM in the dative plural. Stress I. Stress in the dative singular is the same as that in the genitive and prepositional singular.
r---------'IL __________ NOMSG
GEN SG
I
CTO.a
I
I I I I I I I I
I
CT6. OTen OX"O )!CeRa
PREP
so
DAT
sa
on.\
OKHa
CTone OTu.e OKHl:
CTony OTI.l.Y OKay
*eHbl
)lCeHe
)KCUe
ranH
ran.
ran.
,.,ePh
ABepH
o'tepe.ltb
6"1epe,llH BpeMeHH
JI.Bepu O'tepenH BpCMeHH
,.,ePH o'lepe.!UI BptMeHH
MarepH
Ma-repu
MaTepU
ran.
BoW'
MaTb IL __________
LESSON 15
349
2. Stress in the dative plural is the same as that in the prepositional plural.
1-------------------I
NOM PL
,I
CJlODa CTO.JD:d OTu,b1 OKHa ,ll,OCKH )KeHbl
GI::"N PL
PREP PL
DAT
CJlODaX cromix OTUax OKHRX ,ll,OCKax )KeHaX cecrpax napRJix llBepiix O
CJlODaM crOJIaM OmaM OKHaM ,ll,OCKaM )KeHaM cecrpaM napIDiM llBepliM O
PL
~--------------------
I
ceCTpbl
napa" JlBepu 6
CJlOD crOJIOD OTUOD OKOH or OKOH ,ll,ocOK )Ken cecrep DapKeH ,ll,Ilepeu O
PYx rOJIOD
pyK!lM
rOnOBaM
~--------------------'---------------'
Dative constructions with BailO MODELS
1 need to go to the post office. He needs _ She needs _ _ They need You need _ , We need You need ,
MHe mlllO noiini Ha nO
Eu - - - - -
I1M
_
BaM HaM Te6e
_ _ _
MHe HU.nO 6hlnO nOHTH B 6lf6J1HOTeKy. EMy _
I had to go to lhe library.
Eu
She They
_
I1M
_
BaM HaM
_ _
_
I'll have to go to He'll have She'll have They'll have _ _ You'll have _ _ We'll have You'll have _ _
Eu
_ _
BaM·- - - - - - -
HaM Te6e
_
_
_
_
MHe Ha.nO 6Y.a.eT exaTb K po.ru'ITeJHIM.
_
_
We
you
EMy
_
you
Te6e - - - - - - - -
I1M
•
He
_ my parents. his _ her _ their _ _, your _ _, our _ your _ _,
REPETITION DRILL
Repeal the given models, noting that Hll.110 is typically used in infinitive constructions together with the dative.
350
LESSON
15
• QUF.STION-ANSWER DRIL.L.S
I. Is Zina going to (he collectil'e farm? Yes, she has to go there.
31lHa eJleT 0 KOJlXOJ? as, eii Hbo TYAA eXaTb. Oner e,neT
B KOJI.XOJ?
2. Did the secretary often go to the village? Yes, he had to go there often. CeKpeTft.pf. 'laCTO eJ,JlIUl B celiO? as, eMf ..aCTO nbo wno TYJ],a ,hll,KTb. ne-rp 'laCTO eJlUlJI B ce.no?
as, e.-.tY HaJlO TY.£lS exan.. (pe6HTa,
)"lHTeJlb, ee
ponHTeJIH,
.lla, e....y 'lacro HaAo 6wJlo TYAa hlUfTb. (CTYAeUTbl, Y'lHTeJlbUHua, TOBapltlU UapanKHH, Marna, OTeQ, ee .nP)'3bll, oecrpa)
nOJlpyra, OTe/.(, ero
ranH,6paT)
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. Is it possible Orlov doesn't know Galyo yet?
Orlov has got to meet her. P
BonoJl:c Hli)J,o
C
HeK
2. Galyo heard there was on interesting movie playing. She'll have to see it. rami cnblrnana, 'ITO lfJteT lIuTepecHblH (~IIJlbM.
til ua.uo 6YAeT ero nOCMOTpCTb.
nOJIISK6MHTf.CH.
(Cawa, ero 6paT, ero ccC1'pa, lleByuJKH, 3Hlla, pc6l'lTa, TbI, OTCU.)
E)paT CJJwwan, 'ITO lfJteT ""TepeCUblii 4lHlIbM. EMy
lIli.no 6YAeT
ero UOCMOTpeTb.
(TbI, cecrpbl, MOl, :lKeH3, npo¢leccop, l'I,
npo.llaB11tHu.a, w<>$ep, CTY.llellThl)
3. Masha didn't manage (or how! time) to order tickets. She has to go and order tickets. MalUa He ycnena 33JCaJ3Tb 61U1eTbl.
£M Ha.aO noini 3aKal8n. 6H114ITbi. npocl)Cccop ue ycneJl 33KaJaTh 6H1len...
£My
Hbo nom 3BKaJJin 6Mbbl.
(OTCU, BbI, 6paThl'l, MaTh, MbI, nonpynt,
4.
Oleg wallted 10 speak English. He had to study English. Oner XOTCn rOBOpHTh no-aHrJlHHCKH. Uty Hbo 6bLrto y'Ofn. aHrllliic"-Kii ilJW..-. neeeu xott.n: rOBOpHTb no-aHTJlHKCKH. EMj "aAO WJlO y'llin. aurJUiiiclo.':Hii ilJIJiK. (.aeByuJKH, ee 1I0npyra, era TOBapltut, MX AP)'3bl'l, oecrpa, OTeI.t, 6paT, CTY.lleUTXa)
l'I, CeMeH, Tbl)
5. Kolya's parents are ill. He must go to see his parellfs. PO,llHTeJ1" Komi 60nbllbl.
EMy HllAo exaTb K po.wheJIl'lM. PO,llliTeJ1H MalllH 60JlbUW. f:ii H3.JJ.O eXaTb K poJ],MTeJUIM. (Ko3noBa, Oml, BaxTepa, HMKOJl:ul,
6. I was 01 the staliOrJ. I had (0 buy tickels.
.R 6blJl Ha CT3.HlUiH. Mile ml.!to 6wJIO KymCrb 6ltJleTbi. Dlla 6blJllI Ila CTaUltHH.
£.ii 1ll1,/.l,O 6wJIO KyllMn.
6HJIeTbi.
(all, OHU, Thl, OHa, BbI, Mol, l'I)
MapuM, Bononll, wocpepa)
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRIL.L
Why is Kolya in such a hurry? He has to make it to the post office in time. nO'IeMy KoJl.l'I rl.ro:: cneuJlh? EMy H8JJ.O ycuen. ua oO'I1"y. nO'IeMy OHH rl.J: cnewfI.T? "1'01 HSAO yene... Ha DO..-ry.
(Obl,
TBOM TOBapHlUH, ee
cecrpa,
,/.I,eaywKJI, HOT napeHf., TBOH
3TH
Ap)'3bH,
npoAaButHLta, TbI, BonoJlJl)
I...mON 15
351
DISCUSSION
Ha.no is an unchanging form used chiefly with infinitives to ex.press an urgent need to perform some activity. The dative which usually accompanies lla.nO focuses on the person for whom the action is necessary. In the past tense Ha.aO is followed by 6';1110; in the future by 6Y,ll,eT. EMy lI:i.'1o 6blJlO nolin!: B roPOJI. EMy lIiJlO 6Y.lleT noliTlf B rOpo.'1.
He had (0 go downtown. He'U have to go downtown.
In colloquial Russian the infinitive is sometimes omilted. This is especially common with verbs of motion where (he destination is mentioned.
Mile HMO Ha nOliT)'. MHe lui.no 6buio Ha yp6K.
need (0 go to the post office. I had to go to class.
I
The combination He HiJIo is often used as a plea that the addressee no' do something. Infinitives used with He Hi.ao are always imperfective.
He HliJlO 06 nOM rOBopm. MOJKIIO OTKpbrTh oKHa? - HCT, He aillo (OTKpbloaTh (ncoH).
Note that constructions.
H8JJ.O
Don', talk about that. Is it all right to open the windows? No, don', (open the windows).
and the short-form neuter adjective Hy*HO are often interchangeable in infinitive
EMy ny*1IO 6buio cnewHTb. EMf mino 6buio _ Mile UY.HO nOMTH Ha nOliT)'. Mile Hilto _
He had to hurry. Hehad _ I've got to go to the post office. I've got _
The past tense of the imperfective verb HIITH and its prefixed perfective derivatives MODELS th6 WilO B KHtlO ']
-
-
llIen aMcpHKllHCKHU !pHnbM. liml aMepHK3.IICKaJl Kapnflla. IlInH aMepHK3.IlClme IPHnhMbl.
nOCJJe neKL1,I1H Oil nOWCIJ .nOMO».
______ oml nOUUla _ _. ______ OHH nownH _ _.
K.h: npowen yp6K 1 __ npown6 c06pAHue 1
What was playing at the movies? An American film was playing. An American picture was playing. American films were playing. After the lecture he went home. _ _ _ _ _ _ she went __. _ _ _ _ _ _ they went _ .
__ npowna neKIJ.HJI? __ npoUUlH 3KJaMeHbl1
How did _ _ did _ _ did _ _ did
6H BOWen B lCoMHaTy. OHa BOUUla _ OHH BOUUlH _
He entered the room. She entered _ They entered _
352
l.£SSON I 5
the lesson go? the meeting go 1 the lecture go 1 the exams go?
611
lIa MllIlyn:y 3awen B 6H6J1110TCJ.,y.
Omi Mw
3awna
3awJlli
_
.
6u npllwCJJ nocne o6e.a.a. Omi npIIWJl3 _ Omi npllwJllt
_
Oner TonbKO «TO BWWeJI. 3"Ha Bwwna. JJ.e8yutKH BblUlnH. •
He dropped by the library for a minute. _ She dropped by We dropped by _ He came after lunch (or in the afternoon). _ She came They came _
Oleg just stepped oul. Zina _ stepped out. The girls __ stepped out.
REPETITION PRACTICE
Repeat the above models, noting particularly tbat aU perfective verbs derived from Mll'TIi are pattemed alike in the past tense. • SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. How did your lesson go? K3K y sac npowen ypOK? KaK y sac npowno co6piHHe? (3Dar.tellbl, o6e,ll, neKUHJI, yrpo, apeMJI, He,llen~,cy660Ta,TaHUbI)
2. Volodya entered the dining hall. lkmolUl DOrneJI S CTOlIOSYW. OHH sowmi 0 CTon6s)'IO. (olla, CT)',lleHTbI, 3Hlla II Oner, }"lHTC1lb CeMeHOS, Hanwa, KaTR It HHua)
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. I'm on my way to the station. J Wlls on my way to the station. .s1 UJJ.Y ua criHUIlIO.
A lUen
H8 C11lJtlUno.
611 It,lleT H8 CTalllJ)ilO. OH weJl H8 CT8J1ltHJ(). (OHII, Obi, Olla, ero TooapllW, Mbl, napeHh, 6paTb~)
3. He'll stop by the library. He stopped by the library.
611 Jali,lleT B 6H6J1110reKy. Oil
3ameJI B 6H6.rIHoTeKy.
011"
Jal1,lJ,y-r D 6H6J1HOTCKy. OMli :J8U1J11i B 6H6JIHOTeKy. (ThJ, Olla, Dbl, CTy.a.eHTbl, npo¢eccop, y'lHTemi, y«HTenbHHU3, TBOH T08apHUlH)
2. The lesson will go wel/. The lesson went well. Yp6K npoitue-r xoporn6. Yp6K upoweJl xopow6. Co6paJlHe npoitueT xopowo. C06paHlle DpotWIO xopowo. (:na J~IMa. 3Ta He.a.eJUI, 3KJaMellbl, DpeM$l, JleKltHJI, se'lep, cy660Ta. 06eJJ,)
4. They'll enter the coach. They eflfered the coach. OMit DOI1.a.y-r S Bar61l. OIlM aOlWIH 0 8arOIl. Marna BOH,neT u naron. MaUla oowmi B 8al-(1II. ()"IHTeJlbHHl.(a, ce cecrPI>I. ee 6paT, TOOH TODapIlUlIl, Mbl, 011, Dbl, Tbl, Oner)
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. J had to stop by the house. I stopped by the house. M He IIbo 6bmO JaHnt JJ,oMo~L A J&1Uen ,llOMoi. HaM IIbo 6bmO 3aAni ,lloMoA. Mw JaJ.IJJIIi ,llOMON. (npo4Jeccopy, nOJJ,pyraM, Te6e, xeHe, oaM, w
2. Katya had to go out of the house. Karya went out of the house. KaTe Ha,110 6bmo DblllTH H3 ,llOMy. Kin 8buunl Ih ,llOMy. OTl~ Ha,110 6bmo SWHTH "J ,llOMy. On~q
obu.uen HJ ,llOMy.
COnery, c:CcTpaM, MaTepH, saM, Y'I.IlTeJ1IO, HaM, JJ,esytUKaM, eA)
LESSON 15
353
3. I didn'l want to go Ol'er (0 him. I didn'l go over 10 him. A He xoTtn K HeM)' nOJ1oiiTu. Jl K HeM} He UOAOUJe.n.
Mbl He XOTClIH JC HeM)' n0J10iiTH. Mbi K He.",} He IJOJ1OlDJtli. (MaTh. OTell, cecT»3.. 6paThJl• .upyr, POJlHTeJtH, KOllJl, J1PY3bJl)
• QUESTION-ANSWER ORILLS
I. Where were you hurrying to lllSl nighl?
I was 011 my way (0 the movies. Ky.ua Tbl cncUJ!.tll 8'1epa ae'lepoM? Jl well B KUIIO, KYJ1a oarna CCCTp8. cnernIDIa 8'1Cpa BC'fCPOM '/ Qua lWIa 8 KMHO, (Bbl, OH, OHM, THOJI )"IMTeJlbHHu,a, THOii TOBapHlQ neTpOB, CTYJ1eHThl, 3TOT napenb)
2. Will Ko/ya go 10 the post office? He has already gone. KonJl noii.ueT IIU n6'1Ty? On }"i'e nowen. Era :lKeHa noii.ner !fa n6'fTY? DlIli y».-i IJOUL'I8.. (on, HX y60pWuua, TBOH 6paTbJl, Jho60Bb ne"Jl>OBI.la, THOU TOBapHm)
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
She's walking along lhe street. She was walkillg a/ollg the streel. Olia HJleT no yJHfll,e. QHa wmi no YJtHlIe.
nOll.pYrH HJ1YT no Ynuuc. nOllp)'I'" nun'i 110 YJlHl.le. (MW, npo.uaBUlHl.la, Bbl, BonollJl, cCcTPW. OTen, MaTh, Qner)
DISCUSSION
The past tense of IIJ{TIi
I
10
em)
be going is based on an alternate root and has the following fornu:
wen
I
(0 mni
I
(n)
","6/ (PI) mnH
I
All the prefixed perfective derivatives of HJtni have pasts built on these same forms. With the exception of BblWen:, BblUIJI8, BbnunO, and BbuwuI (from Bbliint to go out), whcre the stress is consistently drawn to the prefix BW-, the stress is always on the last syllable of the past tense fonn.
.
PAST
354
nowen BOllleJI 3alllen npuwen npowe.n
nOUUla OOWll3 3awJla nPHIllna nPOlllna
noUUlO BOlllJlO 3aw.nO npHIllno npown6
nOlllJllt: BOWmt: Jaw"" nplflUm'i: npolllllH
no.uoUIen nepeUIcn
no.nowJH\ nepelllJl3
nOllOWJlO nepelllno
no.nowmt: nepewllH
LESSON 15
nom BOrn
lNANTTIVE
to to to to to
go enter uiiTJi drop in npllkni come upoiini pass, go, go by, go through nOlloiin'i to go up to, approach nepcifni to go across, cross
Suggestions that include the speaker: part II-imperfective verbs MODELS
AaaaitTe C~OTpen.
Let's look at snapshots! __ play cards! __ listen to records! __ eat dinner in the dining hall! __ drink tea! __ work together! __ sing some songs!
ClUiMKH.
_ _ _ Hrpan. 8 dpTbf. _ _ _ CJlYm3Tb nn3cmHlm.
____ 06eJl:an. B CT01l680". _ _ _ min. 'fai1. _ _ _ paooTaTb lIMCcTe.
____ nen. nec"u. .QaBaitTe 6YlleM CMOTpCTb CHJiM.m. _ _ _ _ _ _ "'l)llTh B kapTbl. _ _ _ _ _ _ CJIYrn3Tb nnaCTIttUClf.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 0&;'O'31'b B CTonoBoH.
_ _ _ _ _ _ min. 'laM, _ _ _ _ _ _ pa66TaTb uMcCTe.
_ _ _ _ _ _ nen. neelUl. J],auaH're He 6Y.ueM 06 )TOM rOBOpI-fTb. ua era JleKUlfll.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ XODirrb
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ o6e.ll.aTb B CTonOooH.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ pa60Tan. no cy666TaM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ OTXpbfa3Tb
_ _ _ _ _ _ ry.n3.
OKon.
CJIDITb.
RY'fwe He 6yneM cerOlllLM paOOTaTb. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cerOJlWl' TaHuesaTb. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cero,UWI cnan. H3 ,llBope. _ _ _ _ _~ OOJlbWe
rynA
bAHTb.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ OOJlbWe C "liM" Hrp3.Tb. _______ 6611bUJe 06 nOM nyMaTh.
•
Let's look at snapshots! __ play cards! __ listen to records! __ eat dinner in .the dining hall! __ drink lea! __ work together! __ sing some songs!
Let's not ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
talk about it! go 10 his lecture! eat dinner in the dining hall! work on Saturdays! open the windows! go there!
We'd better nol ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
work today. dance today. sleep outdoors today. go there anymore. play with them anymore. think about it anymore .
R.EPETITION PRACTICE
Repeat the given models, noting the alternate ways in which suggestions that include the speaker and employ imperfective verbs may be expressed .
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Want to look at snapshots?
Fine, let's look at snapshots. Xonhe CMOTJ*n. CHHMICH?
2. Shall we talk about il? No, let's not talk aboul it Mbi 6Y.ueM rOBoprn 06 hOM?
Xopomo, AAsaiiTe c ~ auOtKH.
HiT, .uauiiTe He 6Y.ueM rOBOpKn. 06 iTO!tf.
Xonhe
Mbi 6Y.ueM nHcaTb 06 :hOM?
miTh 'l3.M?
Xopow6, D.llUHTe min. 'laM. (cnymaTh WlaCTHHKH, 'fHTaTh cntXH, 1I3b1K:, pa60TaTh Oe'fepoM. KapThI, 06e.uaTb B cTonoBoM.
HeT,
6YJJ.e.\f OHcaTh 06 iT()M. 06 3TOM, ero :«.!laTh,
.uaJUi.iiTe He
(cnpawHBaTb
Y'fHTh PYCCKHM
CJJywaTb pa,zuto, arpaTh B WaXMaTb.l,
HrpaTh B
eMy 3BOHHTb,
nen. nCCHIt)
CT05lTb B
O'fepeJJ.H. eMy
OTBe'laTb)
LESSON 15
355
3. Do you want to work today? No, let's not work today. Bbl xonhe cer6.1UUl pa66T3Tl.? Her. nY'IlUe He 6yJJ,eM ceroAIUI pa60TaTL. By XOnfTe cero,O,H,. Hrp3.Th B dpTbf? Her, .'Ij-uue He 6y,O,eM cerO.loul 1U"p3.n. B
ripTW?
4. Shall we read today? No, let's read IOmorrow instead. Mbl 6Y.nCM cer6AHjI 'l1tT3.Th? HeT, Jly'llUe 6Y,/l,eM 'UlTan. 3a8Tpa. Mbi: 6Y.nCM cer61lu" cn9w3Th .lVku? Her, Jlruue 6YAeM cnjwan. 388Tpa. ()"tun. cnoaa, nHean. nHCbMO, HrpaTb B
(mtcaTh 3
WaXMaThl,
o6e.naTh B CTonOBOH, T3.Hu.eOaTh, coaTh
HCKaTh pa60TY)
1Ia llBOpe, OeTb
CMOTpeTb CHHMXH, T3.Hu.eBaTh,
poM3HCbI)
• RESPONSE DRILL
They're playing tennis. Let's play too! am! HrpaJOT 0 TeHHHc. J],aoaii To*e HrphL!
all"
'lHT3.IoT
:lICypHan.
J],aaaii To»::e 'lHThL! (CM01'p"T CIIHMKH, TalU.(ylOT, o6enalOT, CWlT, IU..l.wr «"ltry)
DISCUSSION
In affirmative suggestions that include the speaker and use imperfective verbs, ,a,aDaR (or .llwifre) may be followed either by the infinitive alone or by 6YAe.\I plus tbe infinitive: )].aoaH 'lHrln. (or JJ.aoaii 6y,neM 'lHT3.Tb) Let's read! In negative suggestions employing imperfective verbs, 6YAeM cannot be omilled. JIy
not read!
Impersonal constructions using the subjectless third person plural verb MODELS
rODopliT, B'lepa 6btno co6p3HHe. MHe roOOPHJlH, 'ITO Il'lepa 6bIJ1O c06paHHe. Y)Ke oTKpLloaJOT .llBepll. 3.neCb npoJJ,aWT pbl6y. Cx6po OTKpOJOT .llBePli. MHe. He JJ,a.njT paJpewemt,.. TaKHC ./lOMa nori3L101U
They say there was a meeting yestcrday. I was told there was a meeting yesterday. They're already opening the doors. Fish is sold here or They sell fish here. They'll soon open the doors. They won't give me a pass. That's the kind of houses they show tourists. Houses are now being built for the farmers .
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. They sell fish.
They sell fish here or Fish is sold here.
Oui! rOBopJiT no-aHrmiiiCKH. OH" nOHHMOOT no-pyccKH.
Owl: OPOD,3KlT pw6y. l.lJkl,. DPO.D:aKrr pY6y.
0"" ,/laKlT nponycd.
am!
OH" npo.naKlT nOllep-MaHHble semo.
n0K33bl8aK>T 4>HnbMbl.
3JJ,ecL
356
noK3.3L1B81()T
LESSON
I5
eJlKnbMLI.
ami OT.Il.blUJoT mhOM.
2. Who told him? Why was he toid? KTo cMj cK33an?
3. We'll close the doors. They'll soon close the doors or The doors will soon close. Mbi 3aKpOeM Jt.BCpu.
nO"teMY eM}' CK333J1K? KTo cMj pa.3peWUJI? nO"leMj eMj pa:JpernM.IIK? (noc.naJI, )l.3.II, nQtcaJaJI, npo,/.{aJI, HanHC3JI,
Ckopo
Mbi 3BOlUUI,
OTtcp~n,3arrnaTKn,
npe,llJlol!KH./I)
CK6po OTICpOH>T .I:lUpK. Mw lIam11l1eM 06 nOM 8 ra.3tTe. Mbi paJpeWHM C3,/.{HTb 80 BJlallHBOCTOIt". Mw nOtcaJKeM ny npTHHy. Mw OTXpOeM co6phHe.
Mb.t 4. The administrator will gh'e us a room. They'll give us a room or We'll be gj~'en a room. AzlMHUHCTpaTOp HaM ,/.{~kr 1I0Mep.
HaM ,1J,a$ HOMCp. A,1J,MHIIHCTphop HaM O'I"Kp6eT ,/.{Bepb.
HaM OTICpOJOT ,/.{BepL. AzlMUHHCTp{tTOp "'1M n03BOHItT B 'lac.
ltBipH. MepU.
UKpOH>T
OTKpOeM
npuHeeeM oGe,1J,.
AzlMHlIHCTp:iTOp HaM
nod.xeT Tearp.
A.nMHHHCTplnop HaM 06 3TOM Hamiwer. A,llMHIIHCTp8.TOP HaM Pa3peWHT Ty,1J,a
noexaTh. A,1J,MHtlHCTphop lIaM nocoBlhyeT Ky.na
noHTH. A,llMmmCTpaTOP naM 06 :hOM CKa*eT.
• RESPONSE DRILL
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
Who sits like that? That's no way to sit! or People don't sit like that! KTo til( cHJUh? T aK He cHJJ.JiT!
Willlhey gh'e you a pass '! They already did. Te6e na.aYr np6nycK? MHe y;ke AinK. Te6e HanHwyt" 06 nOM? Mae y;ke HllIIHCliJIH. Te6e p33pelllaT H3MemiTh HAUl?
KTO TaK
TSK He
paooTaer?
paOOTaJOT!
(nHweT, 'lHTaCT, urpaeT, CTOIlT, TaHuycT, rOBOpI1T)
Te6e OTaenlT H3 Il0c0JlbCTBa? Te6e n0380HJiT C paOOThl? Te6e nOKfuKyr CHHMKH? Te6e KynRT I'I0PT
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
). I can'l sleep. They don't let me sleep. A lie MOrj cnaTL. MHe He ,/.{aJOT CUSTL, A He MOrj paOOTaTL. MHe He ,/.{atOT paOOnTL. (nHeaTh, 'lHTaTL, CJlywan., ,l.{}'MaTL,
HrpaTL)
2. He couldll't speak. They wouldn't let him speak. 611 lie MOl" rOBOpHTh. EM$' He Aa:BimI rOBOpH-n., 6H He Mor cnpocHTb. EMy He aaaiJul copo<::Hn., 6H He Mor O1~e'laTh. 6H He MOr OTXPblTh co6pAHHe. 6H He Mor CJlYwaTb p:1,nH0. 6u lie MOl" OTJ10XIrj'n.. 611 lie Mor XOJ1HTh B KHIIO.
LESSON 15
357
DISCUSSION
The third person plural verb without a subject is used when the aClion is attributed to an indefinite group. The speaker either does not know the source of the action or finds it convenient not to mention the source, for example, if it is attributed to officials in power. Such constructions may be rendered variously in English, for example, rOBOpH-r flley say, people say, if'S said. Such constructions are often used where English would use the passive voice. MHt~ rOBOpH.n:lf, 'ITO 3aBTpa 6YAeT 3K3aMeH.
Y)l(e OTKpblB
4TEHI1E H nHCbM6
358
LESSON 15
I was told there'd be an exam tomorrow. The doors are being opened already. Russian is spoken here.
-
liOpHC M HxaijJlOBH't, y BaC HeT .a.epeaJlIIHOrO Aw,Hxa?
-
-
0« BaM? MHe Hy»::HO nOCJTaTb p0Jl.HTeJUIM npourpblsaTellb. A p3..38C Y HHX B KOIlxo3e CcTh )JlelITpH'ieCTBo?
-
.lla, OCTb.
-
ECTb,
:ho 6YlleT
a
33'leM
.st
XOp6W~H
Kynihb liM npolirpblBaTenb H BOT []oJJ.apoK )VUI HHx.
.a.30HO
XOTM
KynHll.
AYMalO,
'ITO
- CKaJlGhe, HHKomHi, y BaC 8 KOJIX03e XOpOWHe H36bl? - ,ll,a, O'leHb xopOulHe. - Itt BO,lJ,Onpo8011 ecn, ? - Her, Bononpooo.na Her. Ho y HaC MHoro KOnO,llues H xop6wee o3epo. .l{a " mOA" H<\WH npH8buurn HOCHn. BO,lty, J.U.1 He TJlY.u.HO. -
MHe CTpaHHO JTO
c.nhlwaTb. Y mic
-
lfTO :ho TaM CTposn?
-
KaJKeTCjl ,ll,OMa lVBI KOJlx63HHKOB.
- 6,
B
AMepHKe
)].a. B «OroHbKe» Hen.aoHo 6blJl 06 :hOM O'lepK.
-
Ax
-
COOceM Hua.'fe.
KClMeHHhle!
-
-
Bee
n3.,
li 'lHTM, 110 He 3Uan, 'ITO :ho 06 .:hOM KOJlx63e. Aa, B 3nfX H68blX nOM3x, rOBop.li-r, 6Y.a.eT 3J1eKTpHP.JeCTBO H JJ.3.:lKe Jla uy? J.1 Bee y.a66cTBa? BaHHbl.e, y6opHble? 3Toro Ji He 3H,ho. A TeJle
BO.ltOnpoaon.
- 3HaeUJl., Oner. Ji Y'Ke npHBwK 3lJ,OCl.. B ropone, K 3neKTpii'lecTBy H panHo, a BOT npnexan HelJ,3.BHO B HAw lConx63 H - HH'IerO TaM He,-. CTpaHHO lJ,aJKe, KaK mo.aH MOfyr :lKHTl. 6e3 3THX yno6cTB! - A Be.o,l. Hd caM Tb >Kun, KOnIa .nOMa 6bl:n. - )la Ji )')Ke H He nOMHfO 06 :hOM - Tax naBUO :ho 6bJnO. - A BOT KOH'mwl. yHiIBepcHTer, MO)l(eT 6b!Tl. 6Y.aewl. B CB<>eM KonX03e pa66TaTl.. OmiT(, npHBblKHewh. - Her! $i B Konx63e pa60TaTh He 6Y.ay, He xO'ly. BnpO'leM, KOfAa ,j KOU'Iy, MO:lKeT 6blTh TaM y)l(e 6Y.aer :meKTpH'IeCTBO. - rami, nOMHHTe, Ji BaM noKA3hIBaJl CHlfMKH cj>a6pHKH. rAe pa60TaeT MO» OTeU? - )la . ..s1 ce6e HHa'ie npe.llCTaBJlJina aMepHK8.IICKHe cj>a6pHKH. - Bb! lJ,3JKe, K3.:lKeTC}(, He nOBepHJlH MHe, nph.aa" - HeT. c1lHlumn. Ji BaM noeepKJIa, TOJlhKO Ji y)l(e npHBbIlma HHa'le .aYMaTh 06 AMepKKe. - A 3HaeTe, KOrll,3. Ji CfO/.la eX3Jl, Ji TOJKe Bee ce6e HHa'le npell,CT3BnJ:in. -
BaWH cryneHTbl y'IaT aHfmHicKKii: }(3bl:K? )l.a, H HeKOTopble }')ICe Rennoxo roBOpJiT. Bbi C HH:M:H p
-..st
LESSON 15
359
LESSON
16
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
CJly"laH
(s!utij)
neC"IaCTIIl..IH
[Qi~asnjj)
Hec"laCTHbIH CJly'laH
IOPKii HHKOJlllCSK'I,
lTO
de He 8H):{CJI!
[!t6eI~)
'ITO 3TO
A 'fT6
il,aBHO
8W
TaK
NJIeTe?
Obi pa3Be He CJlWUJaJIH?
case, occasion, incident, event, chance unbappy, unfortunate accident, unfortunate incident Yury Nikolaevich, I haven't seen you for a long time! why, why is it, how come But why are you walking like tbat? You mean you haven't heard?
Jt
(ace sg Hory) CJlOMaTb (pfv I), cnoMalO, -eWb, -lOT CJ]OMM eWe HOI)'. ynacn. (pfv I) (ful ynaJ,tj, --eWb, -iT; past yoan. -a, -0, -H)
leg, fool to break I broke my leg. to fall, fall down
Jt
yuan H CJI0Man ce6e HOry.
Jt
'IYrb He '1Yrb He cnOMin ce6e Hory.
I fell and broke my leg.. almost, all but, nearly I almost broke my leg. I fell and almost broke my leg.
HOra
J1: ymiJi
Ax
H ..
y-n,
He CJJOMU ce6e u6l-y.
good heavens! my goodness! my God! Oh for heaven's sake!
&6:lKC Moii! TW. f)6;«e Moil!
(pry II) KliK :a;e iTo cnyoui'lOCb? cnY'nrrbCR
npe.ll.CT3.BIlTb
(pfv II), npenCT:lBJJIO,
to happen How in the world did it happen? to present, introduce
-BHWb, -8RT upe:nctiBHTb
ce6e
npellCTasbTe ce6e! JJCcTHHUa nesQic;)] npeJ],CTaSbTe
ce6e!
3TO CJlY'HrnOCb Ha
to imagine Imagine! or Just imagine! stairway, stairs, ladder Imagine! It happened on the stairway.
JJCcTIUlue.
361
BHH3 BHH3 no JlCcTHHue .s1 WeJl Bmb no JlCCTHHue. BJlPyr H BJlpyr ynan .s1 wen Bmb no nccTlmue H BJlPyr ynan. npettCTWU,Te ewe, DIM POlD nO Hlimeit Jlk:Ttnme H BttPYr you,
HeC'laCTbe
[\li~casti~]
BOT lIeC'IaCThe! aeHCTBHTeJJbHO BOT, D:eHCTBHTCJlbHo, oec"laCTI.e! r.rrjnOCTb (f) npOCTO r.rrjnOCTb! IlleCTHaa.uaTb ~isnat<:;)n nt':T (gen pi of ro,ll, year) weCTHaa.uaTb mh lliecTHanuaTb nCr XOlKY no .:lTOH nCCTHHue. OCTOp(nKHblii., OCTOPOlKHO
down, downstairs down the stairs I was going down the stairs. suddenly, all of a sudden and suddenly fell I was going down the stairs and suddenly fell. Imagine! I was going down our stairs and suddenly fell. bad luck, misfortune, unhappiness What an unlucky break! really, indeed That was really an unlucky break! foolishness, stupidity, nonsense It was plain stupidity! sixteen years sixteen years I've been walking up and down those stairs for sixteen years. careful, carefully
(short form OCTopO)I(eH, -)I(Ha, -1.1) WecTtUI1J.U8TI> Jlh xmKy DO :hoit JlecTlDDlC, BcertUi tik OCTOp6*eu, a TjT BnpYr yoaJl! -0,
Bdnlii co BCl1KHM
3ro co
BCtiKHM MO"'eT
CJlyaufn.CiI.
06panfTbcSl (pfv II) [abratitc:)] 06P8:WYCb, 06panl:WbCR, -l1TCR Bw k KOMy 06paTlLrrHcb?
K OeHIlOBY,
6H
HeCHMnaTlI'lHblH
XOpOUlHH Bpa"l, HO HecHMD8"I'H"lHw:H.
00
"IeJlOBeK
KaKOH-TO 6e3JJ.YIIJHWH KaKOii-TO,
• yrna .ll.a
]8"1eM BaM JtYlUa?
CneUHaJlHCT BaM CDl'l.lH8J1HCT oY»:eu.
362
LESSON 16
anyone, anybody, any' to anybody (lit. with anybody) It can happen to anybody. to consult, tum to, address Whom did you consult., or What doctor did you see'? Osipov.
BpAtl, -a; -H,-eH XOPOWHH Bpa'l.
00
I've been walking up and down tbose stairs for sixteen years, always [being) so careful, and all of a sudden I fall!
physician, doctor He's a good physician. not likable, not nice, not personable He's a good physician, but not a likable person.
unfeeling, cold, impersonal (lil. without soul, heartless) a, an; kind of, some kind of He's kind of cold and unfeeling. soul, heart, feeling What's feeling got to do with it? specialist You need a specialist.
"ph,
-a, -0, --hi
BY upUlol,
J1
right You're right, of course.
KOfIe-nlO,
a6KTOp,-a;nOKTOpa,-oB He J]Io6mO XOAHTb K nOKTopfLM.
doctor I don't like going to doctors or I hate going to doctors. How I hate going to doctors!
Kale Ii He mOOJUO XOnM1::b K
nOlCTOpaM!
SUPPLEMENT
in any case, anyway, in any event In any case, I won't go to Moscow.
BO Bd:KOM CJIi'!ae Bo BCHKOM CJIY'fae, " B MocKBy He noeA)'. HaBCpx noll.D.eM 1(0 MHC HaBCpX. rnYnJ:.lH KaKb OHa rnynaJI! yMHWH QHa TaKlUI yMHaJI! CHMnanf'fHblH
On 6'ieHh CHMnaTlI'iHbIH
up, upstairs Let's go upsta.irs to my room. foolish, silly, dumb, stupid How foolish she is! wise, intelligent, smart. clever She's so clever (or wise)! nice, likable He's a very nice person. year this year Once a year I go to Yalta. This year I won't go there. month; moon this month Twice a month we went to the city.
'ienOBCK.
ron, -a Ph
B
3TOM rom'
B
r6.o. Ii ~x:y
8
>urry.
B 3TOM rom' Ii T)'M He noeA)'. MecHU B jTOM MecHue ABa pll.3a B MecHU Mb! C3AlWH B
r6pan.
B jTOM MecHue Mb! Tyna He noenCM.
C.n. -
CeprCH nhnOBH'i
c.n.
lOp""
IO.H.
2 Bbi p!l3ee
c.n.
3
IO.H.
4 npe,ltCTllBbTe ce6C, Well
c.n.
5 BOT,
IO.H.
6 np6cTo rnYnOCTb!
Ax Tbl,
HHKOmieBH'l:,
n3BHo
He cnbtW3Jut
BAc HC
IO.H. -lOpUH HHIWnaeOlf'i BHAM!
A 'iTO :ho
1 .s1. yoan H 'fYrb He CJlOMan
Bbi TaK H,lleTe1 1
ee6e HOry.
Iio:IKe MCK!2 Kh :IKe :ho cnYlfHllocb 7 BHH3
no HaWen necTIIHue " BAPyr ym'uJ.
,neHCTBHTeJ1bHO, HeclfaCTbC!
OCTopO:lKeH, 3
en.
This month we won't go there.
*
llIeCTR
ne-r xoX
TaK
B,npyr ynan!]
7 3TO co BCslKHM MO:IKeT cnYlfHThCJI. Sbl K KOMy 06p3T1fnHCb?
LESSON 16
363
IO.H.
8 K 6cHnooy. 6H XOpOUJHH opa'l, HO 'ICll00CK HccHMnaTH'IHbIH. 6C3.llYWHbrH KaKoH-To.
c.n.
9,[{a 3a'leM BaM JJ.ywa 1· BiLM cllcUHa.mlCT Hy>KCH.
IO.H. 10 Bbl llpaobJ, KOHe'lHo. KaK si: HC m06mo XOLlHTb K JJ.OKTOpaM! I "Iro :ITO, 'fT6 and even 'lef"O in a more colloquial style are often substituted for ltO"leMj why in spoken Russian. Stylistically this is something akin to the colloquial English how come: "Iro no aW ... Hi.... He 3ax01lKTe? How come you don't
NOTES
drop in to see us?
66r God is one of the few Russian nouns with a vocative form: ooa;e! The expression liO",e MOii! is a stock phrase with its own special word order. It is not as strong as the English My God! but is rather like Good heavens! or My goodness! In Soviet publications. the word for God is written with a small initial letter. 2
The form neT, which functions as the genitive plural ofrolt"year with numbers and adverbs of quantity, is actually the genitive plural of nero summer. Compare oroffi rOA with Mllom ncr, wecmllAnaTb JleT. (Consider the poetic use of English summers as, for example, in "She was sixteen summers old.") The regular genitive plural form rOlloR is very rarely used. roJt also has alternate forms in the nominative plural: roJXbl and rOlla. J
• Although .lIYm3. literally means soul, it is often best translated as hearl, in the sense of empathy or sympathetic character. Note that the adjective oo~ is formed from 6e3 without and ,IQ'lUa.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
'1YRCTBOBaTb
ce6J;J
(1)1
to feel
'1yRCTIJyH), '1YuCTsyewb, -.aT
KaK RW: ce6JI "lYscmye..-e?
How do you feel?
rophno rOp8.:tllO .rrY'IllIe, lI6KTop.
by far, much, considerably Much better, doctor.
st nom C8000llHO xo",y.
I have almost no trouble walking. (Lit. I
walk almost freely.)
.lli*e CMOr IlellJKtlM
K 88M
DptliiTIi.
COKni (pfv I) (/ike noATH)
yM, -a coiini: c yM8.
I was even able to come to your office on fool.
to go off, get off, come (or go) down mind. sense to go (or be) out of one's mind. to go (or be) crazy
Are you out of YOOT mind? , Forms of ..yIlCUOllan. are Simplified in speech. 11K: first a should never be pronounoed. 11It sccond a may abo be dropped so Ihal in rapid speech 'Iy.n.yae is usually pronounced ltultuj\il. (Compare Ihis with lAP'K'noyiTe, which is usually pronounced julnlsluj\ij or, in very rapid speech. [u1rl1M\iU
364
LESSON
16
.st
I told you to walk only about the room.
DaM CK833..n XO,lJ,UTb T6J1bKO
no K6MH8Te. half an hour per day, a day You can walk only half an hour a day.
nOJl'taca B lU:Hb BaM MO)ICHO XO.nHTb TOJlbKO nOJ1'taca B Aellb.
T6
then
.st *e BliM oca3an xoroin roJJ.....'O no K6MHaTe ..e~t
H
lIOJI'taca
But I told you to walk only about the room and then not more than half aD hour a day.
TO He 66nwue. B
JJ.eHb.
CTaH08ltTbC1I (II) [st;)nayitQ] CTaH08JUOCb. CTaH6BHWbC1I. MHe CTaH68IfTC1I J1y..we. 'teM ... TeM ... 'teM oonbwe, TeM nY'twe
to become, get, grow, step -JITCSI
4eM oonLwe li xox.:y, TeM nY'lwe Mile CT:rnOBIITCJI. Ka33.ThCJI (I) (past KaJa..nOCb. pres Kb.::eTCJI) MHe KaJ3..nOCb, liTO ,.tHe CTaHOBHTC1I nyllwe. "JBKmlTe. J1.0","TOp, KO MIle ...'"8.3i.rI0Cb, "ITO 'tiM 66JJbl1Ie li xo»o.i. TiM Jly"llUe M»e craH08HTC$t. oGpaW3.TbC1I (I)
[abrUtatc}]
06pamalOCb, 06pamaelllLCJI, -K>TCJI 3alleM Dbi KO MHe 06pama..nHcb? BooGme 3a'teM Bb! Boo6me KO Mile 06paminHCb? "pa8IfTbC1I (n) [nrayit(;:;)} HpaamOCb. Hpa8HUlbCSI, -JlTC1I TaK, Kl1K 8aM HpaBIITC1I eCJJH ECJIH Bbi ,uenaeTe d.-. KSK aiM upaBH1'CH, TO 38'tCM Rbi Tor.n:a aoo6lQc KO Mile 06panuiJlHcb? ceP,lJ,(lTbCSI (II)
[~irQitc;)]
I'm getting better or I'm improving. the ... the ... the more the better The more I walk, the better I get. to seem It seemed to me I was improving. Excuse me. doctor. but it seemed to me the more J walked. the more I improved.
to consult. tum to. address, go (or come) to Wby did you consult me? in general, at all Why did you [bother toJ consult me at all? to like, please, appeal to just as you please, exactly as you like ;f If you do just as you please, then why do you bother to consult me at all? to be angry, to be mad
cep)l(yCb, cePAlllllbCSI, -SlTCll
He Cep,lJ,UTCCb, .n:6KTop. T6'H1bIH; TO'tHO .sf 6YAY ,ae..naTb Bee TOIIHO TaK, K3.K 8b! CK3.JKe're. He Cep.wf"recb, ,lJ,OKTOp, tl 6yJJ.Y .llellan. BCe TO"fHO nK• .-liK Rbi
Don't be angry, doctor. exacl, precise; exaclly, precisely I'U do everything ex.actly as you say. Don't be angry. doctor; I'll do everything exactly as you say.
c.-a»i:eTe.
LeSSON 16
365
Hy,
xopornO. nOKa:lKMTe
H6ry.
~U1e
Lla. HtIlJlOXO.
60neTh (II) Y MeHli 60nifT Hora. OHa y MeKli: nom CO&eeM He
Well. all right. Show me your leg. Yes, not bad. to ache, hurt, pain My leg (or foot) hurts. It's almost stopped hurting altogether.
6omiT. Macca:lK ne.naTb Macca:lK no yrpa."f Hano )lenaTh no yrpaM Macca:lK. npo)lomK3Th (I) npoll.OJDKaiiTe JJ.e.IJBn no yrpaM MBCca:lK.
massage to massage in the mornings, mornings You have to massage it in the mornings. to continue, keep on Continue massaging it in the mornings.
Ma3L CO peuenT A B8M llaM HClBWii pCllcrrr HB M8Jl>.
ointment, salve prescriplion, recipe rll give you a new prescription for ointment.
nOMOntTL (I) (plus dat) CnBcM60. ~ Mallo MHe 004CHb
to help Thanks. The ointment really helps me.
nOMorI.eT.
Kor.na MHe npHHnt:? KOf".a.a MIle npKm omiT... iii
cpe.QY!
KOHeU, KOHua; -hi, -68 yel:«an. (I) HtT, II yeJ}KafO 8 KOHut :iToii HeJJ.e.nH. 'Iepe] min. nHeH nHeH tlepeJ nliTb Jt yeJ:lK3fO nHe" 'Iepe) miTb. 8epHYrbCJI (pfv I) ['t'irnute;,] sepHyCb, BCpHCUlbCR, -y..CR Jt BepHYCb nHe" lItpel nliTh. p3nbwe Jt Bcpnycb .aHe" 'Iepe3 ruiTb, lie prou,we. A ye3:lKalO B KOHUe :hoii HC,tlenM H IIiCPHYCb JUlCM 'tepe3 min., He pl1.HblUe.
Jt
HaJH3,(HTb_(pfv II) HaJHa'lHTb neHL BiM HaJH3'ly .IleHb.
nOJBOHKTe M
When am I to come? or When should I come? When should I come again, on Wednesday?
ii aiM
MAe 'tepel
Ha3H8.-ry
U!SSONI6
MeJlVlIO,
n;nn•.
end to go away, leave (by vehicle) No, I'm going away the end of this week. in five days in about five days I'm going away in about five days. to come back, return I'll return in about five days. earlier, before I'll return in about five days, not before. I'm going away the end of this week and will return in about five days, not before. to set, designate, appoint. assign to give an appointment, set a date I'll give you an appointment. Phone me in a week and I'll give you an appointment.
SUPPLEMENT
xy)j(C j'j "IyBCTBylO ce6li ropi13,rto x)0i
worse I feel much worse, doctor. to become angry, get mad Why did he become so angry with me? to help He'll probably help you. to go away, [eave (by vehicle) When did he leave Moscow? I'll soon leave for Leningrad. beginning, start He went away at· the beginning of the week. to return, come (or go) back Father returns home at six. later, later on They'll come later. finally, in the end, in the long run, after all He finally got a permit.
o. -OCHOOB IO.H. -lOpH" HJ.lKOnaCBH"I
O.
I 3npaBCTByHTC! KaK Bbl ce6A '1YnCTByeTe?
IO.H.
2 rOphAO ny'Hue, Aonop .
.H
nO'iTH cB06oLlHO xo~y. ,l];a:lKc CMor neWKOM K BaM
npHHnf.
o.
3 Bbl C yMa cowmi? .H :lKC BaM CKa3an XOAHTb TOJlhKO no KOMHaTC
Ii
TO He 60JIbWe,
'H:M nOJI'laca B ,LJ;eHb.
IO.H.
4 J.13BmufTe, Aonop, HO MHe Ka3aJlOCb, 'leM 60Jlbllle $I XO)KY, TeM Jly'lWC MHe cTanoBHTcSI.
O.
5 ECJlH Bbl AeJIaCTC TaK, K3K B3M HpaBHTC~, TO 3a'leM Bbl Torw'i. Bo06me KO MHe 06pamarUiCb ?! LESSON 16
J(,7
FO.H.
6 Hc ccp.n.tlTCCb, .o:OKTOp, H 6Y.o:y .o:enaTb BCe TO'lHO TaK, KaK Bbl CK3.JI(CTe.1
O.
7 Hy, xopowo. nOKa)foiTe MHe Hory. )la, Hennoxo.
IO.H.
8 OHa y McnH nO'ITH COBceM HC 6omiT.
O.
9 Xopowo, HO npOllOn)i(lHhc llenaTb no yTpaM Macca)i(. ..st BaM .n.aM HOBblH pel.{enT tIa Ma3b.
IO.H. 10 CnacH60. 3Ta M
O.
BepHycb .o:HeH ...epe3 nliTb, He paHbwe. 2 li BaM Ha3H3.'ly ,lIeHb.
II HeT, H YC3)i(alO B KOHl.{e :hOH HC,I],Cnli n03Bomhe MHe 'lepe3 Hellemo,
Ii
Ii
I Although spa.. and ltOKTOp can sometimes be used interchangeably, only ,1J,OKTOp is used-as a form of address or with names: Y ltOKTOpa OCHDosa, "CKa*liTe, ,1J,OKTOP ..." Bpa.. and .lI.OKTOp apply to both men and women.
NOTES
0" (OHa)
XOpOWHH Bpa'l. 3TO .o:OKTOP neTpOBa.
He's (she's) a good doctor. This is Dr. Pelrov (t).
General practitioners are mostly women. as are the majority of dentists and oculists in the Soviet Union.
1 Note
the word order in the expression Me" otepe3 min. The placement of a numeral after the noun which it modifies serves to express approximation. Com· pare .o:IU) .. ad two hours with ..aca ,D,Ba about two hours; ceii..ac BOcCMb ..acOB it's eight o'clock now with ceii'fac 'laCOB BOcCMb iI's aboul eight o'clock now; and B .o:eBATb ..acOB at nine with ..acoB B lteBATb around nine.
Basic sentence patterns I. KAK BaM ____ ____ ____
nOHpaaHJIC.II. :hOT nOllpaBHnaCb 3ra 1l0npaBIUIOCb era nOHpaBWlHCb era
Bpa'!? Ma3b? DellHe? PO.o:HTCJJH?
How did you _____ ______ _____
like like like Iike
thai doctor? that ointment? his singing? his parents?
2. Ka:lKeTCSI, Ji eH IIpaBJllOcb. ____ Mbl _ HpaBItMcSl. ____ 0" __ HpaBI1TC.II.. ____ Th. __ HpaBlillIbC.II.. ____ OHM _ HpaaSiTC.II.. _ _~_ Bbl _ HpaaHTecb.
I guess she ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
3. OHa '!aCTO 3aXO.nHJla K COoeH coceltKe.
She often called on _ _ _ _ _ _ on _ _ _ _ _ _ on _______ on
CBOHM COceltSiM. K COOCMy y'!lheJ1Jo. K COoeH cccrpe. K CBOMM 3HaKoMblM. K CBOCMy 6paTy. K camiM nOJJ.pYraM. K
_________ _________ _________ ________ _________
368
LESSON
16
likes me. likes us. likes him. lik-es you. likes them. likes you.
her neighbor. her neighbors. her teacher. her sister. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 her acquaintances. _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 her brother. _ _ _ _ _ _ 00 her girl friends.
4.
Oli 06paTl1J1CH KXOpOl11CMy BpalfY.
Hc consultcd _____ _____ _____
______ KpyCCKOMy CnCu,llaJIHCTY. _ _ _ _ _ _ Ie UOBOMy JIOKTOPY' ______ KaMepllteaHCKoMy npo
_____ 3
5. Mbl W)]H no KpacHBoH .aopOre. _ _ _ _ crapoii _
_ _ _ _ H6BOH
a good physician. the Russian specialist. the new doctor. the American professor. private physician.
We wcre walking along a lovely road. _ an old _ _ a new _
_
_ _ _ _ xOpOweii _ _
_
• good _ _
_____ npHMoii _ _ _ _ _ kak6H-To _ _
_ _
a straight _ _ some kind of_<
6. nOklUKJfre :hOT 4>H.nbM
eawKM CTy.v;eHTaM. CBOHM MOU:M~
< <
1I0BhlM
<
craPWM
<
aMeplU:aacrHM _. xop6WHM _ 7. n03BOHHTe :hoii ",eHUlHHe.
_ _ _ _ .3TOMy
<
Show the film to your students. _ _ _ _ _ _ >:our
_
_ _ _ _ _ wy
_
______ ______ ______ _
the the the lhe
new _ old _ American _ _ good
Give this woman a call. __ this man __ these people __ this doctor __ this girl _-,-__ these young-people
_
_ _ < < <
8. He CTaJJOBHTeCb Ty.v;a.! He C3JI.HTeCb TY.v;a! He ooHTecbl Hc cePJIHTecb! He 06palllaihe<:b KUtiM! He B03BpalllMiTecb It HKM!
Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't
9. Jj YJUlBJIlhOCb, 'ITO Bbl KHeMy06panUUlCb. OHa ylmBJIlicTCJI _ Mbl yJtHBJlliCMCJI _ _ OJlcr yJtHBJIIIe-rCJl 01111 yJIHBnliIOTcJl' _ lIeM)<
I'm surprised that you consulted him. She's surprisecl<1 _ We're surprised< _ _ Oleg is surprised'They're surprisoo _ You're not surprised that I consulLed him?
06paTll.nCll ? ?
You're not surprised'-
Tw IIC Y.ll.HBJllteWbCJI, 'ITO li
Rbi He YJIIIBJlliereCb 10. Kor.aa OHa BCp'iCTCJI? __---'Tbl eepuewbcll? .,-_--"Bbl eepHeTe<:b? R BePHYCb
Ie
stand (or step) there! sit (down) there! be afraid! be angry! consult them! go back to them!
?
When will she be back? will you be back '1 _ _ will you be back '1 I'll be back in a week. He'll be back,-_ _ They'll be back'----_
_~
LESSON 16
369
II. OlUf acermi a03aparm'uOTCR a 'lac. Bw a03BpawaeTeCb_ _. J1 a03Dpaw
They always return at one. YOII retum _ 'return'-_ _ yo,au retum'-_ _ W, return _ _. The doctor returns
12. BbI MHe nOMOJKeTe'1 - LIa, li B
Will you help me? Yes, I'U help you. Will he help you? Yes, he'll help me. Will they help us? Yes, they'll help us. Did he help you? Yes, he did. Did she help you? Yes, she did. Did they help you? Yes, lhey did.
13. KOfJI.j MHe nY'!llJc npl1Hni?
When's the best time for me ___________ ___________ __________ __________ ___________ ___________
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
npHexaTb? ycxaTb? 3aHTlI? nOHTlf? Bowni? aeplIYt"bCJl'?
14. KYLla Mlle ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
nOIITH? 3BOHlfTb? ::ho nonOJKHTb? noex3Th'1 CMO",e,.b? nHcaTb? ~ nOCTynaTb'1 _ _ _ _ eXaTb?
15. Mile cTaHOOHTC,SI nY'Iwe. _ _ _ _ _ _ xY:lKe.
I'm getting better. _ _ _ _ worse.
CTaH6oHTC,S[ _____ _____ ____ ____ _ _ _~
It's getting cold. _ _ _ _ hot.
16. KaK Dbi ce6li 'iyBCTByeTe? - J1 ce6Ji 'iY8CT8YJO nnoxo.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ xopowo.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nYlfwe. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fopa3Llo nY'!we. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x~e. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ropa3,n0 xj:lKe. 370
LESSON
16
come? arrive? leave? stop by? go? go in? return?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ g01
I was getting better. _ _ _ _ worse.
x6noJI.llo.
to to to to to to to
Where am I to (or should J) go? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ call? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ put this? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ drive to? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ look? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ write? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ enroll?
M HC cTaHoB!iJJocb JIy'Iwe. _ _ _ _ _ _ xYilCe. )KapKO. Tenno. caeJKO CKj'iHO. HHTepCcHO.
_
_ _ _ _ wann.
_ _ _ dully. _ _ _ boring. _ _ _ _ interesting.
How do you feel? I don't feel well. I feel fine. _ _ beuer. _ _ much better.
_ _ worse. _ _ much worse.
What do you think, are the results good? Yes, in my opinion, the results are very good.
17. Killc nO-TBocMy, PC3YJlbTllThi xopowl1e? - Lla, nO-M6eMy, pe3yJlbT
What do you think, are the results good? Yes, in my opinion, the results are very good.
18. n03BOHHTe MHe 'Iepe3 HeAe.rno. _ _ _ _ _ _~__ !tBe Hc.aeJlIf. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TP" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 'IeTblpe _0
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ miTL Ile,lle.rlb. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ llIecTb lle,lleJIL.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ MecSiu. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ llBa MeCJ'H~a. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ WCcTb
a week.
Call me up in _____ _____ _ ____
two weeks. three _ _ four _ five _
-----
'" - - -
_ _ _ _ _ a month. _ _ _ _ _ two months. _ _ _ _ _ six months.
MecHl~eB.
Pronunciation practice: the voicing of ordinarily unvoiced consonants Contrast the following sets in which
A. The letter
K,
c, and
T
pronounced [k] [kparu) K mipy to the steam [ktomu) K TOMy to the volume
The letter
K
B. Thc letter c pronounced [s)
pronounced [g] [gbaru] K 6apy to the bar [gdomu] K .u6My La the house K
The letter c pronounced [z] [zQit] C6HT knocked down [zOOr] c66p harvesting
[sgit] cmIT sleeps [spar] coop argument
C. The letter
qre first pronounced voiceless and then are voiced.
pronounced [t] [atsaraJ OT llIapa from the spherc [atkatiit] oTKaTaTb to roll off
The letter
T
pronounced [d] [adz3.ra] aT )Kapa from the heat [adgadaU oTra.n.aTb to guess T
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
Prepositions reqniring the dative:
K
and no
MODELS
oR H.ttY K,116KTOpy. _ _ K 6p
_ _ KMhepH. _ _ K po.uHTeJlHM.
I'm on my way ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
to to to Lo to to
the my my my my my
doctor's. brother's place. sister's place. father's place. mother's place. parents' place. I..ESSON
16
371
nOJlOHAI1 K Tene$Oliy. _ _ _ _ KCTOJly. _ _ _ _ K OKIlY. _ _ _ _ KAOCKC. _ _ _ _ KdpTe. nOJloiUlIi KO Mlle. _ _ _ _ I( HaM.
Go (Qr come) to the phone. to the table. ______ to the window. _ _ _ _ _ to the blackboard. _ _ _ _ _ up to the map. Come over here to me. _ _ _ _ _ _ to us.
3TO H3J:tO CJl.enaTb
This has to be done ________ _______ ______ _______ _______ _______
o6C:JlY. BC'Iepy. 1(0 BT6pJrnl(y. K cpeJl.C. 1: ntnUfue. 1( IWHllY MCcJl:n.a. 1( Ha'lany HeJlCJm. I(
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ I(
_______ ______
_______
_______ _______
Rbi: rOTOBbI K 3K3AMeHy? _ _ _ _ " ypOKy? _ _ _ _ _ I: JleKUHH? _ _ _ _ " pa66Te? _ _ _ _ _ k 3K3
Be'lepaM Mbl I'YJlHeM YTpaM BOCl:peceHbJlM cy666TaM cpeJlaM
B
by by by by by by by
noon. evening. Tuesday. Wednesday. Friday. the end of the month. the beginning of the week.
Are you prepared (or ready) __________ ___________ ___________ __________ ___________ ___________ ___________ napKe. _ _ _ _
for for for for for for for for
the the the the the the the the
In the evenings we stroll in the park. In the mornings On Sundays On Saturdays On Wednesdays
_ _ _ ~
He XOJlI1 no napKy! ____ n6 Jlecy! ____ no ymll..laM! nOJllo! ____ no nomiM! _ _ _ _ ItO ceny! _ _ _ no r6poJl.Y! ~_ _ no Aop6re! ____ no ymme!
Don't walk (or wander) around in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in
6H '1IITaer JICKWIH no pyccKoii My3bll(e. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no MaTeManuce. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 HCT6pHH CCCP. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no reorpil4lHH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no PYCCKOH mrrepaljpe. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no PYCCKOMy Jl3b1Kj.
He gives lectures on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on _ _ _ _ _ _ on _ _ _ _ _ _ on _______ on _______ on
____ no
372
LESSON 16
e'lam? lesson? lecture? work'? enms? classes? lectures? dinner?
the park! the woods! the streets! the field! the fields! the village! the city! the road! the street!
Russian music. mathematics. the history of the U.S.S.R. geography. Russian literature. the Russian language.
Y HaC 6w.n JK3aMCH no pyCCKOMy S13hIKY. _________ no qnbHKc, _________ no niM,m, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no HCTOP"U. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no reorpa
We had an exam ______ _______ _______ ______
on the Russian language. in physics. in chemistry, in history. in geography.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ in literature. They're classmates. _ _ _ roommates. _ _ _ schoolmates.
_______ ItO WKOJJC. _ _ _ _ _ no )'HH8CPCHTe'ry. _ _ _ _ _ _ [10 pa66Te. _ _ _ _ _ no cnY»c6e.
~_ _
O"a JIIQ6HT XO,a,Hn. no TOJDCrucaM.
She loves to make the rounds of tbe
_________ no Mara3HHaM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no pecTOp3HaM.
markets. _ _ _ _ _ _~---- of tbe stores. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the restau
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no 6H6nHo-reKaM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ no nOKTopAM.1
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the libraries. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the doctors.
_ _ _ fellow university studcnts. _ _ _ co-workers. co-workers.
flea
4
cants.
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting tbe various usages of K and 00, both of which require the dative case.
•
STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. On the right was the door. He weill over (or up) to the door. HanpaBo 6blna llBepb,
Oil
no.aOIUCJI K .aBe pH.
Hanpaao 6bfJl TeJle¢>6l1.
Telle~IlY. (OKHO, CTOJI. JJCC1'Hltua. nOJlKa, Kacca,
Oil
1I0.aOWiirl K
6yeT) 3, I was at my brother's (place). I'm going 10 see my brolher. $I 6buJ y 6paTa.
2. On Wednesday we wenl to the movies, On Wednesdays we used 10 go to Ihe movies. 8 cpeny Mbl XOll,MH 0 KHHO. no cpe.aaM Mbi XO.a.HnH B KHIIO. B tlcTBepr Mbt xOJ],wm a KHH6.
no
XOJufJIH a
K,mO.
(0 ml'rHHu,y. B aocKpecellbC. 0 nOHeJ],eJlbIlHK. B cy660Ty, BO OTOpIlHK)
4. 11'/1 be ready before noon. 11'/1 be ready by noon.
st tIllY Ie 6paT)'.
::ho 6Yll,eT 1'01'600 )],0 o6e.ua. :no 6yJJ,eT 1"01'080 Ie 06by.
$I 6bm y.aoKTopa.
3TO 6Yll,eT r01'oao ll,O
st lillY K noKTOpy. (y Opatla, y Y'l'ltTeJljl, Y 3HHbl. Y npyra. y aMepHKaHU3, y ceCTpbl, y rarut, y TooapHlUa, y nponaoUlHUhl. y HaTalllIl)
I Note that there is a slight dilfereooc bct~ xo!lli'n .. ,OOIITopbl and XOIUfn, 00 NHITopa..... The first is oeutral. 1010 /0 doctors; the second means to 10 from 0IIe' doctor 10 lUJOth.-r. /0 nDI to dijf«m/ doclors.
LESSON 16
373
S. We have a Ru.ssian language lessQn. We hUi'e a lesson on the Russia" langULlge. Y HaC ypOK pyccKoro JlJblKa. Y Hac ypOK no pyCCkOMy 1'13b1Kj. Y HaC ypOK HCTOpHH. Y Hac ypOK 00 HC'TOpHH.
CCCP,
OU" HOWn" B Jan. OHN XO,rulnH no :uiJJy.
OKH BOWmt B Tea:rp. ONli
XOJUlJIM DO
Te8Tpy.
(na60paTopHlO, napk, kOMllaTY, AOM,
(rcorpa$HH, XHMHH, lj)H3ltKH, MaTcMaTKICH, HCTOpHl1
6. They entered the hall. They walked (or wandered) about Ihe hall.
M}'3h1KH,
pyccKOH JIHTepaTypbl)
6116nHOTeEy, BOIC33..Jl, Mar3.3HH, Vly6, ropcoBeT)
7. She loves flea markets. She loves to make the rounds of tire flea markets. OHa mo6HT TOllKj'lKH. OHa mOOKT xOAwn. no TOJlKy.."aM.
OHa mb6HT MaraJHHbI. OHa .m06MT xo.wm. no Mara3HuaM. (6u6mfoTCKlt, lUly6bl, pecTopaubl, Tearph.l, KOIw:ePThJ)
• CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
(room)
Are they acquainted? Yes, they're roommates.
(KoMHua) Omi 3HaxOMbI?
(KYPC)
Olill JHaKOMh.l?
.ai. OliN ToBlipHUlH no KyPcy.
(yHHBepcHTeT,
,ltJi. omi TOlUiplU1tH DO KOMHaTe.
mKona, pa60Ta,
KOMHa11l,
Kypc)
DISCUSSION
1. K (1<0)
The preposition K always requires the dative. With motion verbs K must be used if the destination is a person. In this use it is the destinational opposite of the locationaJ preposition y. rlle Bb! 6burH? - Y 6p:iTa. KYlia Bbf Hlle-re? - K fip.hy.
Where were you? At my brother's. Where are you going? To my brother's.
When the destination is a place or object, B or H:l plus the accusative is used if complete attainment of the goal is implied. However, K plus the dative may be used to describe movement toward the goal, i.e., Ijmited attainment of the goal.
HllY
>1 U)Iy I' napKY.
I'm going to the park. I'm walking toward the park.
I-U"Te B )lOM. H)lH-re K 116My.
Go into the house. Go up toward the bouse.
oR
B napK.
K is also used with time nouns in the sense of by or toward.
>1 npHl:llY IC kOHttY MecJlua. K
YTPY C11lH6BHTOl xOnoliHo.
>1 :ho Clle.rraJO II: cy666re. >1 :iTo Clle.rratO ICO BTOPHHK:Y.
I'll come toward (or by) the end of the montb. Toward morning it gets cold. rll get it done by Saturday. I'll get it done by Tuesday.
In conjunction with nouns describing activities, K is used in the sense of for. M bf ew:e He roTOBbl: K 3KJ3.MeHy. 4TO Tb! kynHn K ellY? 374
LESSON 16
We're not prepared for the exam yet. What did you buy for dinner?
2. no no is a preposll..lQn used mostly with the dative; it has many meanings, for example, over, a/mIg (the surface of), 10 (various goals), on, in. via, by, according 10, apiece, per person. Some of these are illuslrated below. DO Be'lepaM,
no yrpar.t
no CpeJJ,3M no plutltO, no TCJtt$OHY JBOnUTb no Tent$OHy no HCTOPHH, no mnepaTjpe no npHBbI'lKe, no nnaHY, no omu6"e no necy, no noma, no ropoJJ;y no nOKTOpaM no MaraJUHaM no CTaKaHy, no 'IaWKe
[in the] evenings, [in tbe) mornings on Wednesdays by (or over) the radio, by phone to call on the phone on (the subject of) history, literature by habit, by plan, by mistake about tbe woods, field, city to one doctor after another to one store after another a glass apiece, a cup apiece
A number of adverbial expressions are formed by prefixing no.
nO-MoeMy nO-BawcMy no-pyccKH no-aHrmh1cKII
in in in in
my opinion your opinion Russian English
The dative endings of 3TOT, 'lei, and the possessive pronoun modifiers THE ENDINGS SINGULAR PLURAL
Masculine and Neuter
Feminine
-OMY, -eMy
-OM, -eii
-k"
MODELS
KTO nOMOJKCT 3TOMY CTynellTy? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ naplllo? ______ 3TO" cTYJleHTKc? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ )I(eIlWHHe? ______ :)TKM CTynCHTaM? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ JlIODJlM?
Who will help this student? _ _ _ _ _ _ lad? ______ this girl student? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ woman? ______ these students? _ _ _ _ _ _ people?
nOJ80Hihe 3TOMy Bpa'iY. _ _ _ _ _ _ nolCTopy. _ _ _ _ _ _ 'ie.nO&eKY·
Give this (or that) physician a call. _ _ _ _ _ _ doctor
_ _ _ _ _ _ )"IHTeJIIO.
_ _ _ _ _ _ teacher
_____ :hOM )I(eHWHHe.
_ _ this (or that) woman
_ _ _ _ _ _ neBywKe. _ _ _ _ 3TNM CTYAeHTIi:aM. _ _ _ _ _ _ neBywKaM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ napmiM.
_ _ _ _ gi
<
_ _ _ _ _ _ man
<
_ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ gids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Iads _ _ LESSON 16
375
nOH.D.eM K MoeMy J.l.pYry.
_ _ _ _ _ _ TOaapl-lI.LlY· _ _ _ _ _ Gp.hy_ ___ KMoe. c:e<:TpC. _ _ _ _ _ _ Ma:repH. _ _ _ _ _ _ nOJ.l.pYre.
_ _ _ K MOllM: po,lJ,ltTeJUlM. _ _ _ _ _ _ Jlp)'3bJIM. _ _ _ _ _ _ TOeapuutaM.
npHBC:T eaweMY My,.cy. _ _ _ TBoeMj _ _ _ _ _ eawet :lKC:He.
___ noti
_
_ _ _ B3,WHM pomh'eJUlM. _ _ _ Teoli" _ Mbi: npKBbI:uIH J: HaWeAI)' npocpeeeopy. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ )"IKTe.nIO. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a><:Cny_ _ _ _ _ _ _ J: u!wei )"IHTeJn.HHue.
_________ coce.nxe.
______ IC HaWHM cryJ.l.eHTllM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npo
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a><:Clll'M_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ }"Ufi
LeI's go to my friend's place. _ _ _ _ _ friend's _ _ brother's __ _ _ _ to my sister's _ _ _ _ _ _ mother's __ _ _ _ _ _ girl friend's _ _ _ to my parents' _ _ _ _ _ _ friends' _ _ _ _ _ _ friends' _ Give my regards to _ _______ _ _______ _
_
your husband. your _ your wife. your_~
your parents. you' _ _
We're used to our professor. _ _ _ _ _ _ teacher. _ _ _ _ _ _ neighbor. _ to our teacher (I). _ _ _ _ _ _ neighbor (f). _ _ _ _ 10 our students. _ _ _ _ _ _ professors. _ neighbors. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ teachers.
EXPANSION DRILLS
1. Come over to the window!
Come over to this window!
n O.UOH,rUf K OICHy! Do.ll.oiJ:ui K ::1rOMy oKBj! nO.aOH.lJ;H IC n6JlKe! DOIJ.OHltH K iroii n6JtKe! (nH
He xotui
DO nOMy DapKy!
He XO.u.H no ymm,e! He XO.rol no YJlHQe! (no nomlM, no .uop6re, no ropo,lQ', no ynHuaM, 06 noJUO, no necy)
mi
2. Give the tourislS a pass! Give these tourists a pass! J],aifre TypHCTaM np6nycK! .aaiTt :hHM TYlNkraM up6nyc.d )l,ajiTe neBHue np6nycK! ){8iiTe noii neBHue np6nyCK! (HHOCTpauU,y, TypHCTy, aMepHKaHKe, CTy.aeHTy, Y'lHTemIM, npoJ.l.aBlUHuC) 4. I'm used to the teacher. I'm used to our teacher. R. npHBwK K)"IHTeJUo. Jl DpNBWx K HaWeMY y'Iirre.rno. R. npHBwK K)"fHTCJ1bHHlJ,e. Jl npHBLni: K' Haweii ylflheJlbHHUe. (K coce,/JJCaM, Kcoce.ay, Kooce.aSIM, Knpeccopy, KCTy,a,eHTaM, J: aMCPHKaIlLtY)
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. We came up (or went over) to her window. To whose window? Mbi no.uow.sut J: ee OICHY. K "tw:MY OKJIY? 376
LESSON
16
Mbi no.uOWJIH Kee llBCpRM. K 'lbll\f .uaepli:M? (.aeepH, CT)'ny, CTony, nOMe, WlCa
2. She's gone 10 V;S;1 Iheir brother. Whose brolher ?
(ponHTeJUIM. lI.pyry, Iloll.pyre. TooapHutaM, OTUy, lI.pyJbJlM, Y'lHTeJl.hHHUC)
Om't noexaJla K HX 6paTy.
K 'ft>eMy 6pary? Olla noexaJla
HX ceCl"pC.
K
K 'ft>eii cecrpi? • EXPANSION ORILLS
I. He bought his falher a present. He boughl a present for his (own) father.
2_ I went oller to the desk. I went oller to my desk.
0" Kynlin nOll.apoK OTuY_ 0" ..ymiJI IIOJuipo.. CB06ty onoi. 0" kynlin nOll.apoK c:ecrpe. Ott ..ymiIr IlOna po.. cBOei
~.
Jt
no,!towe.n K croJlY.
Jt
oonowe.n
Jt
nonowe.n " OKUj.
Jt DOnowen
(po.llHT~J1M, npyry. nonpyre, 6pary, TOBapltWY. :lICeile, )"IuTe.mo,
It:
It:
MoeMY CTOJIY. MoeMy olt:llj.
(.noepjlM, wkalj)y, nomCaM, na60paTOpHH, Barony, WkOJJC, o6uteJKltTJuo, 1l0My)
)"IHttJlbHHue) • STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
. 2. Are you going to see your neighbor?
1. I returned lO my work.
We returned to our work.
Jt
sepHynCJl
II;
Tbi: noii.D.eun. IC TBoeH coce.lJ.k'c? RbI ooiiD.eTC It: BJiwci cocelIKe! Tbi: nOHllewb K TBoeMY coce.a,y? Bw lIOM.ll;eTC It: aaweMy cocell.Y!
Moe" pa66Te. It: liiweii pa66Te.
MW BepHyJlHCb
Jt
sepllynCJl K MOCMy o'lepKy.
Mw
BepHyJlMCb
H8.weMy o'lep"y.
(MOUM JalUlTHJlM, MOCMy poMaHy, Modi
(TBoeMy Y'tHTe.1IIO. TBoeH nOll.pyre, TBoeH Y'lHTeJJbHlIue, TSOUM npyJbJlM, TBoeMy
KlIllre, MoeMy CO'lHlleHJUO, MoeH npocb6e,
omy, TBoeH
It:
ceC'rpe, TOOUM TOBapHlltaM)
MOCMy nnallY) • STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT I)RILL
Tbis student wallls to go away. This student has lO go away.
(:noT npO
~TOT CTyncHT XO'lCT yexan.. ~MY CTynelrry mino yexaTl.. 3Ta aMepHK{I.IUCa XO'lCT yexan..
3Toii aMCpHK811lt:e mlno yexaTb.
NOM
(m) (0)
OAT NOM
(f)
OAT NOM
OAT
(pi)
.:hOT
'Iell
Moil
TBOil
csoil
m\w
oaw
TOee TBoeMj
CBoe
lIaWC
BaWe
CSoeMy
HaweMy
oameM)' BaWa saweii
;TO
'Ilk
Moe
3TOMy
....Mj
MOCMj
;Ta
'1M]
CBO.li
HaWa
'1MiH
Moli Moei
TOoli
:hOM
TooeH
csoeii
lIawei
ym
,.....
MOU
TOOIt
COOIt
ttawH
TB"""
.aW"
MOIL\(
CBOMM
HaWKM
saWHM
311tM
'IbH
LESSON
16
m
[)ISCUSSION
The dative endings for ..eii, :hOT, and the possessive pronoun modifiers arc distributed as follows: 1. The masculine and neuter dative singular ending is -eM)' for all except :hOT and :i"ro, which take -OM)'. Compare MoeMj, BlitueMy, 'lLeMy with noM)'. 2. The feminine dative singular ending is --eli: for aU except iTa, which takes -oii. Compare MoeH, Bameii, ..!>iii with :iToii. 3. The dative plural ending for all these modifiers is -tBt: MoiiM, aaW"M, 'ILJiM, iTIlM. 1
The dative endings of adjectives: singular and plural THE ENDINGS SINGULAR PLURAL
Masculine and Neuter --oMy,
--eM)'
Feminine --oi, -eii
-blM,
-H.\t
MODELS
0" lie npHBbll' x 'lepHOM)' XJle6y. _ _ _ _ _ _ 6CnoM)' XJle6y. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ aMepUXaHCXOMY WK3Jy. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ XOJlOllHOMY 'l:Uo. _ _ _ _ _ _ 60JlbwoM}' r6pollY· _ _ _ _ _ _ rOpR'leMy Monory. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Be'leplleMy 'laI<). _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CBC)KeMY B6JllYxy.
He's not used to black bread. _ _ _ _ _ _ whitc bread. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ American jazz. _ _ _ _ _ _ cold tea. _ _ _ _ _ _ tbe big city. _ _ _ _ _ hot milk. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ evening tea. _ _ _ _ _ _ fresh air.
QlIa npHBblXJla x Taxoii paoo-re. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pyccKoii milue. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Hoaoii K6MnaTe. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60JlbllJoii xBapTl-ipe. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ropJi'leH mime. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Be'lcpneii pa66Te.
She's used to such work. _ _ _ _ _ Russian food. _ _ _ _ _ thc new room. _ _ _ _ _ a big apartment. _ _ _ _ hot food. _ _ _ _ _ evening work.
Mht np"BblXn" x xpacHBblM BeutliM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TenJIbIM 3HMaM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TaXHM Ja$lBJleHI1JIM. _ _ _~ TaxliM 01UH6xaM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60JlbllJiiM Yllo6cTBaM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ManeHbXH.\t xOMHaTaM.
We're used to beautiful things. ______ warm winters. ______ such applications. ______ such mistakes. ______ great conveniences. ______ small rooms. ______ fresh cucumbers. _ _ _ _ _ evening classes. _ _ _ _ _ difficult exams.
_ _ _ _ _ _ csc»:HM OrypuaM.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Be'lCpHH.\t JaHknuIM.
__---.:===----
TPYllIlWM ~oflMeHaM.
, NOIe thaI in all cues inn shows a regular alternation of hard-stcm III in the singul3l" (iToT, nOl'o, nOJoly, iTa, iToI) with sort-slem III in lhe plural (m., iTn, n-).
J78
LfSSON 16
The new student needs a room. The young man _
HaBoMy CTy.ueHTy HYJ"Ha KOMHaTa. Mono,nOMY '1eJlose"y _ AMepllK3.HCkOM)' TYPHCTy _ Mono.aOM .aeeywxe _ HaBoH CT)'.aeHTXe _
Cclpoii :lKeHWKHe _ HaehlM CT)'.aeHTaM HYJlCllbI KOMUaThL Mono.uW..\oI J1I0JJ)IM _ AMepHKiiHCKN.\I TypHCTaM _
The American tourist The young lady
_ _
The new student The old woman
_ _
The new students need rooms. The young peoplc _ The American tourists' _
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting the pattern of adjective endings in the dative case.
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. This is a new student. Let's help this new student. :ho HOShlM CT)'.uelIT. nOMO*eM noM}' HOBOMy cry.aetrry. 3TO onoxa" CTy.ueHT. nOMO)KeM iTOMy Wlox6My cry.aetrry. (cHMnaTIt'lHhlii, )(opouHfii, rnynblii, aMepm:aIlCKItM, Hennoxoii, Mono,noil, YMHblH, pyCCKHH)
2. A new professor has arrived. The new professor needs a room. npHexan H6BWH np<$Cccop. HOBOM)' upo+ecoopy H)"KH3 ..6MBan. npHcxana H6BaJI Y'lltTellbKHl..la.
HORON
ruReJlhHHQe H)'*H3 dMHaT8.
(HOBbIC CTy.o:ellTbl, HaUllt CTapblc .upy:Jb~, Mono,uoH 'lcnOseK, Ham 06WIIH ,npyr, aMepHKaHCKItH TypiICT, pyCCKHC cncu,lta· JlHCThI., aHrJJHHCKHH np<>
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
He wrote to these beautiful girls. He wrote to this beautiful girl. OH HallHcan :YrHM KpaCHBbIM .aeByrnUM. On HanMci.!1 nOM "p3aiBoii: Ai.ywxe. OH HanHcan 3THM MKnblM .ueB}'lUKaM. On HaIlHcSn iToM MH.rIOH AeBytUKe. (cIIMnaTH'IlIblM, pyCCKHM, IUlTCpeCHblM, MonOAblM, XOpOUlllM, KpacHBblM)
• CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
(cold water)
What's she gotten used to? To cold water.
(xonoAHaJI_ BOM) K '1cMj OHa npHBbl:Vla? K XOJlOJUIOH BO.ae. (cse'»tHe orypubi) K '1eMj OHa npHBbl:KJla?
K
CBe:.HM
orypuiM.
(ropSl'lee MonoIo, 6ecflllaTHhle o6e,llbl, BKycHble BCUlH, nerKaJI y.ua'la, TaKaJI pa6oTa, Tpy.o:Hbrc JlOaMCHbl, KpaCIIBbrc Bemll, CBC)KaJ1 pbl6a, CBC*HC OrypUbl, CBC>KHH B03.nyX) LESSON
16
379
SINGULAR PLURAL
Masculine and Neuter
Feminine
-oMy
-eMy
-oii
-eO
MonollOMy 6oJIbwoMY
eMHeM}' Be'lCPHeMY
MonollOii 6onbwoii
UOBOMY
ce6K_
HOBON
crapoMY' K:paCHBoMy PYCCKOM)' llpyrOMy
xOpOweMy
CTapoi KpacHBOi pjccKoii llPyroii
cHlleii 8e'lcPHeii cB6Keii xop6weii
.....
-""
MonollbiM
6oJIb~
-
HOBbiM
crlpWM KpacH8WM
-
Be'lepHH.... C8C»:1IM xOpOWHM pyccDIM JlPynIM
DISTRIBUTION OF ENDINGS
In the dative singular masculine-neuter, the ending is spellcd -OM)' after hard stems and -eMy after soft stems. Compare KpaCHsoMy, MOJIOllOMY with se-repneMy. Mjxed stems take -oMy, except where the ending is unstressed and preceded by w, lit, "t. or Ill, in which case it is spelled -eM)'. Compare llPyrOMy, pyCCKOMy, 6oJlL1lloMY with xopOUJeMy, ese*eMf. In the dative singular feminine, the coding is spelled -oii after hard stems and -eii after son stems. Compare MOJJO].l6ii, OOBOH with Beotepueli. Mixed stems take -oK except where the coding is unstressed and preceded by 10, :«. "t, or In, in which case it is spelled -eli. Compare .a.pyr6ii, pjic:c:KoH, 6oJu,wOii with xOpOmeii, caix"eii. Note that these are the same endings as in the genitive and pre· positional singular. In the dative plural, the endings are spelled -t.af for hard stems and -HM for soft stems and 0/1 mixed stems. Compare KpaaiBw...., MOJIO.m=tM with PYCCKIlM, 6oJlhlllliM, xOpOmHM, aeotCptDIM.
Reflexive verbs: part I MODELS
~ BCpHyCb '1Cpe3 HellC.ruo. Tbl aepHCWbC'II _
6H BepHi:TCH Mbi uepHeMCII
_ _
Obi aepHereCb DUli uePHYrCJI
_ _
I'll return io a week. You'll return _ _. Hc'll return _ We'll return _ _ You'll return _ _. They'lJ return _ _.
Man. BepHynacl> 1t3 ropo.a.a. Po.rohe.rrn aepuynHCb B KOJlX03.
Father has returned from Moscow. Mother has returned from tbe city. Our parents have returned to the kolkhoz.
R cepxYa. ua 3HDy. Tw cep1lHD1b~. 611 ttpJUITDlI _ _. Mbi: cePJJ;KMDlI __. 8b1 cePJIHTecb ~_. OHH ceprom:,. ~_.
I'm mad at Zina. You're _ He's _ We're _ You're _ They're _
OTeu BepuynDll
380
LESSON 16
H3 MOClCBbI.
OH lIa MeH.li paccepLl,HJI CA. Oua paccepLl,WlaCb. OUK
paccepLl,KJ1IICl>.
He became angry with me. She became angry witL-. They became angry with _.
Note that the verbs cep.z:tHn.cA, pacceprofn.C'lI are accompanied by U3 plus the accusative to in· dicate the object of one's anger. • REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, observing that reflexive verbs are exactly like nonreflexives structurally except for the addition of the particle -CH (after consonants including Ii) or -Cb (after vowels).
• SUBSTITUTION DRILL
I USULJlly return at one. Jl 06b1:
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILl.S
I. It was gelling warm.
It's gelting warm. CTallODHnOCb TeDJIo. CT3110BwrCil TellJlo.
CraHODHnOCb cBelKo. CTau0811TCA CBe1Ik"O.
(zapKo, JleRo)
HHTepecHO,CK~HO,TpYn.aO,
3. She was angry with him. She's angry with him. Olla Ha Hero cepn.H.naCb. ORa aa HerO cep,llHTCH. Oreu Ha Hero cePLl,HnCJI. Oreu Ha Hero cepLl,HTCH. (Bbl, Oller, MaTh, Tbl, SI, TOOI:t pOlUfTeJIH, ceCTpa, 6paT) 5. Sergey returned on Wednesday. Sergey will return on Wednesday. CepreH sepHyJlCSI B cpeLl,Y. Cepreii BepHih"C1l B cpe.lO'.
2. I'm getting cold. I was getting cold. Mne cTan6sHTCJI ,,6J10Ll,HO. Mile CT3UOBIi.rIOCb XOJIO,lUfO. MHe CTaHOBHTCJI Cky..HO. Mue CT3HOBUOCb CKjIfHO. ("feDJIO, :JKapKO, XOJlOLl,UO, Jl)"lwe, xYJKe, RHTepecHO, HeyLl,06HO) 4. He became angry with her. He'll become angry with her. Ou Ha Hee paccepLl,HnCR. OH Ha nee paccepLl,HTCH. MaTb ua Hee paccep.aHnaclt. MaTh na nee paccep,rvrrcR. (MOR nOJIpyrH, cQCeLl,Ka, OTeU, MaTb, 8M, MM, JI, cocell, npo!Peccop) IipaThJl sepHyJllfClt a cpeLl,Y. 6pan.A aepayral • cpelQ'. (11', aee, y60puUIU,a, ceKpeTapb, Mbl, TypllC'I'bl, JOpa II OJler, 8b1)
• RESPONSE DRILL
I'm always well. I never go to the doctor. R BcerLl,3 3Ll,0p08. Jl UHKOrLJ,8 He 06pauuilOClt K Bpa'iY.
Tb"r acerlla 3JIop6aa. ru HHKOrLl,a lie 06palluieuJhCH K apa'fj. (y'tHTemi, B1>I, cecTpa, HHKOJlaH, HaTawa. MM, .ueS}'lllKH)
LESSON 16
381
DISTRIBUTION OF THE REFLEXIVE PARTICLE
-eM OR -eh
SINGULAR
PRES~fUT
first person -c. second person -CH third person -CH
PAST
(m) -CII
IMPER
-c. -Cb
(n) -Ch
PLURAL
first person -c. second person -Cb third person -c.
(f)
-c.
(pi) -Ch
(after consonants [including it}) (after vowels)
DISCUSSION
ReOexive verbs are those ending in the particlc -01 or -Ch, with -CR occurring after conso'nants (including ii) and -Ch occurring after vowels. Many Russian verbs have both reflexive and nonreflexive forms. Some, like IlpaSHThcH, affl never used without the reflexive partjcle. Reflexive verbs cannot have an accusative direct object; from the historical standpoint, the direct object is the attached particle -CM or -Ch, which is derived from the reOexivc pronoun CM. However, the accusative may be used if preceded by a preposition: Oil pacccpluiJlCH na HHIlY He got mad at Nina. Most of the other cases may accompany rcOexive verbs, both with and without prepositions, for example:
611 611
O'N OAT OAT INSTR
60HTCH HHIll"-. YlummieTcH HMlle. 06paTucb K OCMDOOY! XOTUTe II03l1aKOMliTbC" c "eli?
He's afraid of Nina. He's amazed at Nina. Consult Osipov! Want to meet her?
Note on pronunciation: Many Russian speakers do not pronounce the C of --eft or -Cb soft, despite its spelling. It should never be pronounced soft in the infinitive and third person forms where -l"b and -1' precede it. In this position it combines in a long, hard, unreleased [cl, which we indicate in the transcription by ftc]. Thus, for example, both the infinitive oepujThcH and the third person plural SCPHYTCH are pronounced exactly alike: [yirn(lt~]. Reflexive verbs encountered and drilled in this lesson are given below in all their forms. I. First conjugation 06panuh,;>CH (ipfv) (K + dat) to turn to, consult, go 10 PAST o6pauul.rJcSI, 06pamanacb, o6paruaJIOCb, o6paruaJIliCb PRES 06parualocb, o6pamaeUJbcSl, -eTcSl, -CMCSl, -CTCCb, -IOTCH lMPER 06pam,H-icSl! 06pall.l.aihech! B030P31l.l.hbCH (ipfv) (K + dat) to return, come back PAST B03BpamancH, B03Bpauulnacb, -OCh, -WCb PRES B03Bpam:alOCb, B03BparuaellJbC", -eTCSI, -eMC}I, -eTeCb, -IOTCSI rMPER B03spalUaiicH! B03Bpam:aitTecb! 382
LFSSON 16
BcpnYrbCR (pfv) (imperfective BOJBpaUlllThcx) 10 relum, come back PAST BepHyJlCll, BcpllyJlaCb, -OCb, -Heb FUT aep"ycb, aepHCWbC1l, ~CTCll, -eMCll, -CTCCb, -y,.Cll IMPER Beplllicb! OCpHHTecb! "aJan.CA (ipfv) (mostly used impersonally with the dative) to seem, appear PAST KaJ3JJCX, KaJinac1., -OC1., -UCh PRES KaJKyc1., KaJKeWbCSl, -CTCJI, -eMCSl, -eTeCb, -¥TCSl IMPER (not used) 2. Second conjugation 06panin.C1I (pfv) (imperfective 06pauuiTl>C1l) to turn to, consult, go 10 PAST 06paTHJlCll, o6paTHnaCb, -OCb, -HCh FUT 06pamych, 06panfwbCJl, -HTCll, ~HMCjl, -,iTeCh, -liTCli IMPER 06paTHCh! o6paniTeCb!
+ ace) to become angry, to get mod PAST cep.nHJlCSI, cepllllllacLo. -OCb, -IlCb FUT cep)KyCb. cep,11IlWI.>CSI, -IiTCR, ~liMCJ'I, -UTeCh, -SITCS! IM.PBR [lie] ceplUicb! rue 1ccp.nilTeCb!
ceplUiTbc'll (lpfv) (ua
paccepJtHTbC'll (pfv) (conjugated like the imperfective ceprotTbC'll) to become angry. to get mad
CTallOBrnCH (ipfv) to stalld, get, becO[ne PAST craHOBKnell, CTalloBlinach, --OCb, -IiCh PRES craHOBJUOch, CTaHOOKWbCll, -JITell, -HMCll, -HTeCh, -llTCJJ IMPER CTaHOBlfCb! CTaIlOBHTecb! CJJYoofn.CR (pfv) (used only in the third person) to happen PAST CJJy':lKnOl, CJJ)"tKnaeh, -0Cb. -UC1. PRES CJJy':lHTCll, CJIY'fhCII
IIpaBHTbCH, nOHpaBHTbCH Moom.s LITo BaM nOtipaBIlJlOCb? - Mile nmlpllallJlCli ((E8n~IIHH OHl~rHH». - Mile nOllpalHfJlaCb (,BOHlla H Mlip»). - MHe nOnpaBHJlOCb lIa':lano .:horo KnbMa. - Mtle nOHp3.BIUlliCb pyccKHe neeHH. KT~
-
re6e nOHpaaHncSl? MHe noupaBHJlCSl BJla.a,~tHp. MHe nOHpaBHJlaC1. Han'twa. MHe nOHp3.BItJIIICb TBOIi cCcTphL
Ka.: saM nOHp3.BItJICII 4>Kn1.M? - HaM 4JKn1.M O':lell1. nOllpaBHJlC". KaK saM nOHpaBllnac1. KapTHHa? - HaM .:apnflla O':leUh nOllpauHllaCb.
What did you like? I liked Eugene Onegin. I liked War and Peace. I liked the beginning of the movie: I liked the Russian songs. Whom did you like? I liked Vladimir. I liked Natasha. I liked your sisters. How did you like the movie? We really enjoyed the movie. How did you like the picture? We really enjoyed the picture. LESSON 16
383
How did you like her singing? We really enjoyed her singing. How did you like the records? We really enjoyed the records.
Kax BIIM nOllpaBlfJlOCb ee nCHlte? - H;iM ee nellHe 6'feHh nOHpaBRlIOCh. KaK 83M 11011paB111ll1Ch l1JIaCTHuKH? - HaM nJlaCTlillKIl 6'lellh nOllpaBllJlHCh.
Do you like history? No, I don't care for history. Do you like physics? No, I dOD't care for physics. Do you like his poetry? No, I don't like his poetry. Do you like these pictures? No, I don't like these pictures.
Te6e HpaBIITCJI HCTOP"$!? - Ha, Mile lie llpaBItTCSl IICTOpHR. Te6e HpaoHTCJI $H311Ka? -
HeT, Mm: He HpUHTCJI q,H3HKa.
Te6e "paBSfTCSl ero CTHllH? - Ha, MHe He HpaBSl1'CSl era CTHXH. Te6e np3.BSlTC$l :hll KapTHHbl? -
Ha, Mne He HpaOSlTCR 3TH Kap1'HHhl.
Eli nOHpaBHTcR 31'01' JCocnOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ 31'01' nO,U
She'll like ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
_______ :ha nJlaCTHHKa. _ _ _ _ _ _ 3Ta KOMHaTa.
______ 3-ra YJlI1ua. _______ 31'0 IlJl,ht.e.
Eii nOHpaBllTCll inl necliH. _______ iTH KliHrH.
suit. present. record. room. street. dress.
She'll like these songs. ____ these books. _ _ _ these cups.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 3n 'laWKlI.
Rbi MHe Hp3.BllTeCb.
I like you. I like him. I like you. I like her. I like them . Do you like me? Do you like us?
6H MHe HpaBH1'CJI. Tbi Mile HpaSlIWhC1l. OHa Mile HpaBHTCll. OHH MHe lIpasRTCll.
.sf saM
this this this thig lhis this
HpaBl1fOCb?
My BaM IlpaBHMCll? • REPETITION DRILL
Repeal the given models illustrating HpUHThCII, rtOllpaSHTLCJI. Note- that the one who performs the liking is in the dative case and that the object of the liking is in the nominative case in Russian. • QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
W!Jm don'l you like? I do,,'t like this camera.
He loves to sing loudly. He likes 10 sing loudly.
41'0 BaM He IIp<1.BHTCll?
6H mb6ltT rp6MKO nerb.
\"lIte He HpliBHTCR iTOT IIl1napaT,
EMy HpaBHTCfI rpOMKO neTh.
41'0 eMy ne HpaBHTcll? EMy He HpaBItTCR :hOT annapliT,
1i
(eM,
re6e,
HM,
eMy, BaM)
JII06mo rpOMKO nerb. Mile IIpaBHTCR rpOMKO neTh. (Mbl, oHa, ThI, onH, JI, OH, MbI)
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. We really like lhat girl. We really liked that girl. HaM O'leHb HpaBHTCH 31'8 lleBytllKa. HiM O'IeUb HpaaAAacb iTa JleB)'UIKa.
no"
HaM O'leHb HpaBIITCSl 6p3.T. Hi.\I O'letu. KpaBKJlCSI n6ii 6piT.
384
l..fS')()N
16
(B3lUa CCC"q)a, Baw annapaT, JTa nnaCTHIIKa, 3TOT O'lepx:, B3lU cocell, eawa
cocellKa )
2. He'/I like lhis /love/. He liked Ihis nOllel. EMy nOllpUSIfTCIl :hOT poM3.H.
(It X KlJapTllpa, ec nCllIle, 3TJ.f neBUbl, ee I1CnOJlllCIHfC,
ee KapTHHbl, Onccea, BJIa.n.II~
BOCTOK, JlJrra)
EMj 1I0llpaBH.llCft :hOT poMaH.
EMf noupaBHTCII HaWe oJepo. EMj UOllpllBH:IOCb
IIllme 63epo,
• RESPONse DRIl.l.S
I. She's reading Doctor Zhivago. She likes Doctor Zhivago. Olla 'IIITaer «)].OKTopa )KHBaro».
2. They brought him kasha. He didn't like (or care for) kusha. EMf npHHec.nH dwy. KalUa e.\ff He nOllpUK.'18Cl.. EMf npHIlec.nst 66put.
£.ii IIpaeHTCR «A6...op )KKuro». OHa
CTHXst nywKHua. Eli Hp3BATCR CTMxii nylUKHHa. 'IlIrieT
60put
(poMaH TonCToro, 3TO CO«HHeHHe, o«epK o ClllA, pa60Tl>l CT}'neHTOB, 3T)' KHHry, poMaUbl,
«BOHIlY
H
MHp),
eMy He noupUM.'lcti.
(<(aU, aTnaCbl, KapTy, nopT
«£BreHHII
Ouenflfa»} •
SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILL
I don'llike IhOl doctor. That doctor doesn'l like me.
3m y66pwHua MHe lie UpaBHTCR.
st iTON yt)Opuume He HpaBJIIOCb.
3TOT nOKTOp Mile He upasHT~. s1: iTOMy Jl,ol>.,opy He UpWllOCL.
cecrpa, 3T3 Y"HTeJlbIDlua:'.:)TOT npo
(OHa, ero
DISCUSSION
The verb IIpaBHn~ (perfective 1I0IlPUHTLCSI) is best translated into English as to like, enjoy, care for. but is structurally closer to the English 10 appeal 10. Like lIy»>eu, it is used in nominativedative constructions which appear backward to the English-speaking studcnt: Rbi Mill?: UpaBKTCCl. I like you. (Lit. You appeal to me).
As compared with JUo6Kn. to /ike, 101le, be fond oj, HpaBIlTl.CM expresses a milder attitude on thc part of the speaker. HpaBHThC1l is more typical of situations describing one's immediate emotional reaction, whereas m06HTl. describes a more permanent emotional attitude on one's part. BAM
HpaSHTCM :hOT poM3.H?
- D.a. .st
ero O'lCHh paJ era 'I!iTan.
J1Io6J1Jo.
MHaro
Do you like this novel? Yes, I'm very fond of it. I've read it many times.
'1TEHHE H nHCbMQ
~~/uJL~~~ ~ ~ K~ ~~. fa U(Y
~~
C
IU(.,I(U
~~,~ l..ESSON J6
38S
~
~. Jto-
t 3nUr ~ ~e ~ ;uukntUnAY. .Y!to2~ J!l~~
Q-!t-U
r
/Ul-
~ CI1f"~ ~ ~~. ~ ~a
C&Uac.H-Cl-, U.
IHU{..
1?UUt:-
U.
.?(l~
()~ 1nV~ "WnQ- ~ e-IUz~nu. (}'~ ~ jf~'
H-O-
uo- ~ ~
~ ~ t.A..CU~ (J~ 'to-tOjUW?V
ed/
U?Ur
H-e
U.
(H(.
/?-~aerz..
f:lH.a..
/t;y~ e-ek n-t~. He
~ ~ ~
fi-~/~~ ~~;.u~.Ck 11f1'~ ~
Co/'-~/ He>-
H.e
1Hta.
'td~/
~o+{..~uu~.
(J~ ~
cedi- Wf'-t2j'j'tr
e.ay rc-e
rk-deH-, Ittr ~ CH< ~Mn ~.~ ?~o/z ~,~
.fi.~
"UWn-tXnU-/ It<>- H.e
~ ,1 ;i-/U<.,j-. {A. .Ja~
J
c47-d-uue. / ~
~d£,
U-
~ad
~ ?:.i y~ $~ ~/J'?~
teuj'Cl- ~
~
-
,ft!d.a.BnZ.
tfd~
'W7U>-
j-
I1HTepecHo, KTO CTPOUJI :hy UepKOBb? He 3H{1I0, OHa OQCHb CTapa~.
- Tenepb
386
U- /7Z.O-'t:.H.tr
TaKHX
He
CTpOSlT.
-
Tenepb, nO~M6eMYt uepKBeH Boo6w.e He CTpOSIT. Hrh, CTpOSlT, HO MallO H He TaKHC, KOHeqHO, KaK iTa.
-
A KaKHe )l(c?
-
He
3HfnO.
LESSON
16
TYT
B coceAHCM
ccm':,
KaJKCTCSl, CTpOH.
noc3iK,Hi
H nocMoTpli.
tlfi2<>--
-
-
3HaCTe, B HaW ropOD npuexaJl aMcpl1lniHc".tlt Opal{ . ..s1 D'ICpa C HKM nOJlla,,6MHlIC~. BOT '.IHTCpCcHO! 6H npHexall elona )l(HTb ? Her, ou npMexa.st nocMoTpeTb, "iuc pa66TafOT spallH.
HaW"
J.1 '{TO )1(, CMy nOUp3SHJlOCb? He 3Hfuo, MbJ 66J1bWC rOBOpHmt: 06 AMepHKc, 'IeM 0 opa'lax.
-
(J>HnHnn, nOKalKHTC MHe saw annapciT, nO:lKfUIyHCTa.
-
Bbi eme He BKJ:tenH aMcpHdHCKHX annapaTOB?
- Her. 68 xopow6
CHHMaeT?
-
Aa, H ,nosoncu. n6MJUnc, ,i
-
A, nOMHJO: BH:,ru,1 Jleca, 63cpa, none".
BaM n0K33bJSan LtSCTHWC CUHM"H?
- HennoxHc, npae.na? -
):la,
-
A "aKO" y BaC annap.h? «36pKHHl>.
-
Bbl '1aCTO XOJl.HTC nCUJKoM?
-
H6T, 6'1CHb peAKO. BOT cpf13y BHllHO,
6'1CIIb KopOWHe.
Y MCH.si TaXHC He BblXO,lVIT.
xo,Un.
- HY. ryPHCTbl - no JJ.pyr6e JJ.eno.
Xoni Bb!: np3Bbl: MbI: .m06HM e3JJ.HTb.
Oner OlfeRb xOpOwIDi CTYJJ.euT. HTOB3pm.lUl o6palU3wTcSI K HeMj, KorJJ.3 He nOHHM3loT neKwd:f. 6H HM ocerna nOMoraeT. Ho cero,lJ.fU1 OH He n6MHltT. 0 iteM roBOpHn npo$&:cop. OH Bee SpeMSI c.\.1:or¢;I Ha 3HHy H HWlero He cnb!:wan. 3TO O'leHb crp3HHO. BnpO'leM, :ho co BcRKHM MOJKeT cny'lIITbCSI. BonOASI ny-MaeT, 'ITO nopa "nTH ,I10MOH. CeAlfac yJKe n63JlHO, OU YCTan, a 3c1STpa eMy HanO MHOro pa6oTaTb. Ho ranSl He XO'leT H.a.n{ .a.oMoA, ei1 XO'leTCSI elUe norymiTb. EA HpaoHTCSI :hOT nec H 03epo, S03,11YX TaKoA CBeJKUH. Ho 'ITO .o.e.naTb? EcnH Ha.a.O HJJ.TH, TO, KOHC'lHO, oml nOi1JleT. - Hy BClT, annaph rOT6s. CaJlHCb, Kan:, 3.o.ecb. $I XOlfY OHlleTb Te6.1i, :ho o3epo H HaW .a.OM. - Bee cpoUJO, li 6yJ1Y .nYMaTb 06 JlO3MeHaX, H y MeHli 6yneT CKYlfHblii: BH.n. - He rOBopH rnynOCTH. ,lJjM3H, HanpHMep 0 T3.HuaX B'lepa B KJ1y6e. - H KaK li TaM ynana? Hy, He cepnUCb. .sf GYAY .nYMaTb 0 Te6e. XOlfeUJb? - BOT :ho Apyr6e Aeno. 3TO MHe HpaoHTCSI.
LESSON 16
387
LESSON
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
,'pM, -a 33 (pius inslr) nOe,lJ,eM B Jlec Ja rpH6aMH. HaHnt (pfv I) (like nORTH) CMOTJUt, Kante .Ii HallleJ1 rpu6w! TOlfKa c (pius instr) CMcrrpti, .. atate Ii Haute.'1 rpH6W:
33 rpu6allolH mushroom for, after (to get); behind, beyond, across Let's go to the woods after mushrooms. to find Look what mushrooms I found! dot, point, period with, together witb, and Look what mushrooms I found: red ones with white dots!
KPac......e c 6enI>L\oIH TO"U'8.\oIM. 8w6pocHTh (pfv II) Bw6pollIy, 8w6poc"llIh, -SIT 1lJ10XMe, Bhl6pocb!
~
:no
17
BOT Jl()Cli.Qa! paCTH (I) (pres pacry, paCTelllb. -)iT; past p6c,pocna,-6,-u) Ax ry-r MHoro paCTeT! MKa A HX TjT ItO,/], wKaMH MHOro paCTCT. pyKa, -" (ace sg PYxy); pyKIl, pyK BWTepeTb (pfv I) (ful BblTPY, BWTJ>elllL, -YT;past BWTep, B~pna,-o.-H) Bbn-PH PYKH_ nRaTOIC, ~n:a 8M nRaTOK, abrrpJt pyKJt. nOAMan (pfv I) (fib .uenaTb)
lfTO-1tI16YlIb (gen '1er6-uH6YAb) A TW, TlUtR, HalWTa ..-riHtH6YAb?
to throw out (or away), discard Those are bad; throw them away! Darn it! to grow There are lots of tbem growing here! fir tree, spruce tree; Christmas tree There are lois of them growing here under the fir trees. hand, arm to wipe, wipe off, wipe dry Wipe your hands·off. handkerchief, kerchief Here's a handkerchief; wipe your hands off. to do it can't be helped! wbat can you do! It can't be helped! Here's a handkerchief; wipe your hands off, anything And how about you, Tanya, have you found anything? 389
118,
6eJlble.
Orntll
'len:'pe
6oJlbwoif II
Manetlbl"IIX.
A BOH TOT rpli6, xOpOwllii?
nepeRO, -a;
llepCBbJl,
How about that mushroom over there; is it a good one? Uee
beB
How about that mushroom over there behind the tree; is it a good one?
A sOH TOT r]MI6, :13 nepeaOM. xopOonlii? HecKOJIbKO (plus gen) eme HeeKOJlbKO )la. A BOH TaM eme HecKonbKO. miCT, -3.; miCTbJl, JlHCTbea
several, some, a few a few more, several more, some more Yes, and over yonder are a few more. leaf under, underneath, beneath; near (a city) And over yonder under the leaves are a few more.
nOA (plus instr) A Ron
ewe
TliM:
nOll miCTMIMII
necteOJIbKO.
R lIoii~
I'll go take a look.
nOCMOTpW.
TPaBa Ail, 'ITO 3TO rjT a Tpaae? nOJl3TH (I) (pres nomy, -eWb,
Ai.
-y-r;
past non3, nOJ13J13., -0, -Ii) 'ITO iTO TjT B TpsBe 1l0JI:le-r? 3Mesi:, -Ii; 3Melt, 3Meii
r ne? :)yo :lM:eK! JVUDuwj;
Yx, KaKa51 wuimtu! nanKa 61ITb (I), 6btO, 6btlllb, 6MOT
lie"
ec nanKoii!
CKOpee (or cKopeii)
CIWpCe! Deii ce n3..nKoM! K8.MeHb, KaMwl; -11, --eM (m) A li K3.MHeM. CICOpee 6eii ee ullJIlCoii, a li - KiMHeM. y6lfB
atm, .neTCif OcTaubTe ce,. Jim, Ja'leM y6HB3n.?
nyCTb
ee, .nen.. la'le,\f y6Kdn.?
n yen. lICIIBiT.
ynOJlJnI (pfv I) (/ike nOJlJTH)
Hy sOT. JMeti YOOJlJJJa. 390
grass Hey, what's this in the grass here? to be crawling (or creeping) Hey, what's this crawling in the grass here? snake? Where? It's a snake! long Ooh, how long it is! stick to beat, rut, strike Hit it with a stick! quick, hurry up (iii. sooner, faster, more quickly) Quick! Hit it with a stick! stone, rock And I'll use a rock. (Lif. And I with a rOJ(k.) Quick, hit it with a stick and I'll use a rock. to kill Lea ve it alone; why kill it? children Leave it alone, children; why kill it? let
OYCTb oua JKJIlIh. {krinTe
Yes, white ones. One big one and four little ones.
LESSON
17
Let it live! Leave it alone, children; why kill it? Let it live! to crawl away, creep off See now, tbe snake got away.
MewaTb (I)
disturb. hinder. interfere, butt in; mix, stir You're always butting in, mamma. 10
Tbi, "tlbIB, BCCI',zui MeUJaClIlh.
impossible with you It's impossible going to the woods with you. It's jusl impossible going to the woods with you.
HeB03MO)KIlO
c T06o" C To60" HeB03MO)kHO XOllHTb C T066ii upOcTo Hea03.~O*"o XOroiTh B
nee.
B
.nee.
SUPPLEMENT ChlH,
-a;
CbIIlOBbH, CblHOoeii
ClCOJlblW Ysac CbUJO&eH? AO~h,Ao~epH;-H,-eH
CKonblCO y sac AO'fepeii? .lUiJ:uI, -H; -It,-eii CxOJlbKO y BAc we"? ren, -It; -It, --eM CkOJlbKO y B3C TeTeM? ne.qyrnKa (gen pi n~clC) rne )kHoe-r BaW neAYWlCa? 6fl6YWICa (gcn pi 63.6ywCK) Cae )l{HBeT 83wa 636YWka? HaxO.aHTb (n) (like XOAHTh) 51 scer.aa HaxoJ!Cj 3.lJ.ecb rpH6h1. HaXOLlHThCR (II), HaxO.aJlTCR, HaxolUlTcR
rAe HaXOJJ.HTCH saw KOJlX03? 38 ropo.a [zA~rntl noeAcM 38 ropoA. 33. ropoAOM [z.Ag~r:xJ~mJ Mw lKHseM 38 ropoAoM. 1C0pOn:H"
51
HanHwy
eMf ICOpOTI(oe IlliCbMO.
S03MO)l(HWii B03MO)l(HO, 'ITO
(adv
611
S03MO)l(HO)
y)l(e oepHyJICJl.
son How many sons do you have? daughter How many daughters do you have? uncle How many uncles do you have? aunt How many aunts do you have? grandfather Where does your grandfather live? grandmother Where does your grandmother live? to find I always find mushrooms here. to be located, to be situated Where is your collective farm located? 10 the country, out of town, to the suburbs Let's drive to the country! out of town, in the country, in the suburbs We live out of (own or We live in Ihe country. short I'll write him a shorlletter. possible It's possible he's already returned.
CMOTpH, lCaKHe Ii HaWell rpH6bJ: KpaCHble c 6ellblMH T6'lKaMJI.
ChlH
M8n
2
31'0
Chill
3 BOT )],oca)],a! A HX
MaTh
4 41'0
nllOXHe, Bbl6pocb! I
)K
liT no)], eMaMH
Muoro paCTeT!
no)],enaellJb! B03bMH nJlaTOK, BWl"pH PYICH. 2.}
A
TW, TaUH, HallJml.
'lTO-UH6YAb?
)lO'lb
5
):{a. 6eJIble. o4
OAHH
601lbWOU
H qeTbipe ManeHbKHX.
LESSON 17
391
Chm
6 MaMa, a SOH n>T rpH6, 33 nepeSOM, xopoUHlA?
Man.
7 .ll.a. A 6011 TaM non JUfCTbSlMJ.! ClUe HCCKOJlbKO.
,AO'lb
8 >1 noAny nocMoTpIb. Aii, 'ITO :ho
ChJH
9 r.ne? 3TO 3Mesil Yx,
KaKilSI
*
a Tpaae nOJ13eT?
,l])IHHHa$l! CKOpee 6CM ee nanKOH, 3 si -
K3.MHeM!
MaTb 10 OCTaobTe ee, .nm, 3a'leM y6uo3.Tb 1s nYCTb )KUaeT! Chili
11 Hy aOT, ynon3Jla. Tbl, MaMa, ocer.na MewaCWb. C TOGO" npOCTO He003MO)I(HO XO.D.HTb B
nee. ' Russians are great mushroom lovers and usually know how to tell a good
NOTES
mushroom from a bad one. The red ones with the white spots picked by tbe son are the poisonous MyxOMOpw toadstools (lit. flykillers). J After touching poisonous mushrooms one must wash, or at least wipe, one's hands clean. J pY""lI means botb hands aDd arms; likewise Hont means both feet and legs. • IieJlblii rpti6 edible Boletus is considered a delicacy by Russians. It has a brown cap whicb is spongy underneath. The mushroom is called white because of the color it acquires when dried; most other species tum dark. s The noun ~eTM children has an archaic singular form .romi baby, child. to modem Russian tbe word used for baby or child is pe6eHOK; its grammatical plural pe6liTa is used in the special sense of kids, gill'S, or fellQws.
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
"Hpar C rpH6aMH
nllp6r, -it "Hp6r c rpl16aMH Rbi m06HTe flllp6r c rpll6aMIl? CTY'HiTb (II), CTy'ly, -11mb, -aT TaM, KibKeTCR, CTy'laT. AJlelllll! TaM, K8)KeTCH, Cl·y'laT.
pirog (kind of pie) pirog filled with mushrooms Do you like pirog with mushrooms? to knock, bang, rap, pound Someone seems to be knocking. Alyosha, someone seems to be knocking.
noilAli, nO)KaJIYHCTa, OTKpOii.
Please go open the door.
A He Ol,eu.
dressed l'm not dressed .
.4., :ho Tbr. Jh06a! 3axoAli.
Ah, it's you Lyuba. Come in!
onCT, -a,
-0, -bl
8u. C11IpaeT.
to wash, launder Valya's doing tbe laundry.
Oua cmac npM,AlT,
She'll be right in.
MJlllyTKa (var. of MIIHj"ra) Ha MIIHYnY A Ha MKH:YrKy.
a minute for a minute (or moment) I can only stay a moment.
CTllpan (I)
CHAM" 392
LESSON 17
•
with us, together with us
A :Jauma c
"aMlt
npHrJJ3C......b alic uoo6e.!J.3Tb.
I dropped in to invite you to have dinner with us.
3,tqullJCTIJyi, MliJIatI..
Hello, dear.
Kor.zt;i Thl aepnYJJaa.?
When did you get back? with the children, and the children When did you and the children get back'!
c .aeTbMH KorJUi. TW e .QeTbMH Bepuynacb?
Ha3a.A
l.fac Hub. AByx'facoaoii qae Hau)];, ABYXllacoBWM nOe3Jl.OM.
ago, back An hour ago. two-o'c1ock (adj), two-hour (adj) An hour ago, on the tWQ-O'c1ock train.
wam;a nOTepsiTb (pfv I). nOTepliJo, -eWb, -JOT neTSI nOTepli.n warney. 6b1 (unstressed particle) Mbl 61.1 paHbwe aepHymfcb, HO netSl nOreplfJl WaUKy. npltf11'11Ch (pfv 1) (used with dat) HaM npHJ.tcTC$I HCl1 PUbUlC BepHym.eL, HO ntr. DOTCpin winKy, H HiM npHlIL'16ct. ciS Het..-an..
cap to lose Petya lost h.is cap. would, would have We'd have relumed earlier, but Petya lost his cap. to have to, to be forced to We'll have to look for the cap. We had to look for the cap. We'd have returned earlier, but Petya lost his cap and we had to hunt for it.
Hy KllK? MHoro "'pHooB lIauulli?
Well, how about it; did you find many mushrooms?
MaCCa Mllcey.
mass, lots, plc'my, a great many Loads.
"Cne'll> (pfv I) (fut IlcneKy, IICne'lCWb, HcneKYT; past HcnCK, HcnelUla, -C, -H) -st}')Ke HCneKJIa llHp6r. CBapHTb (pfv II), cBap.o, cBilpHWb, -HT
to bake
H y*e MCnc,wa uupOr H CBapHJJa eYn.
I've already baked a pirog. to cook (by boiling) soup I've already baked a pirog and made soup.
npHXO.nHTe K HaM ua ooe.!J..
Come to our place for dinner.
Eonbw6e cnacH60.
Thanks very much. as soon as We'll come just as soon as I finish washing.
ern
Kal< T6JlbKO nptl,ne."I.
tcatl:
TOnbKO Ii KOH'f)'
CTHpan.. OCTIiTbCM
A Te6e
(pfv I),
OCTIiUyCb, -eWbCfl, -)'TCfl
cme MH6ro ocni.JJOCL ?
pyGawKa
to be left, to remain And do you have much left to do? shirt, slip
,Illil
.o61
No, one skirt and two shirts.
Hy. KOHlI," eKOpeii, H nptlXo)UiTe.
Well, hurry and finish and come on over!
6Y.aeM alie :«JIan..
We'll be expecting you. U'SSON 17
393
SUPPLEMENT clxap Bw ot.eTe 'fail c clxapoM? mlMOH J1: m,tO 'faM CJlHM6HOM.
yd Mbi 6'fCRb Jlt06HM yxy_ Jlaowa (sg only) cYn c mUIlUOH K!K Ba.", HpaBlITCI cyn c JlanW6H? 6YJlbOn npHuecHTe MlIe, no*anYHCTa, 6ym.6H. 6yJlKa KYIItlTe J1Be 6yJlKH. 6YJlo'fl(a KymfTe, nOJKanyMCTa, 6y1l0'leK. )KeHa J.tcneKmi 3TH 6y1l0·IK". ne'lCHbe J1: UaM KyrtJllO ne'feHb~. TOpT KaKOH BKjCHblH TOpT! ne'lb (I) (like HCne'fb) Barna *eRa 'faCTO ne'feT? Baprn (n) (/ike CBapkn.)
BbI:
y»:e aapHTe ooen?
TepJiTb (I) (like nOTepJiTb) He TepJiHTe Ra 3TO BpeMenH. TOMy H33An. ~TO CJl}"IIinOCb ron TOMy Ha38,a. aBTOpy'fKa nHWHTe aBTOpylfKOH.
...M nHw,he MenoM. HenOB01lCn,-1IbHa,-o,-bJ 611 UeJlOBOJTCH pe3Y1lbTaTaMH.
sugar Do you drink your tea with sugar? lemoo I drink my tea with lemon. fish soup, fish chowder We like fish chowder very much. noodles noodle soup How do you like the noodle soup? consomme, bouillon soup, broth Bring me consomme. please. large roll, small loaf of French bread Buy two loaves of French bread. roll Please buy some rolls. My wife baked these rolls. cookies I'll buy you some cookies. cake What a delicious cake! to bake Docs your wife bake often? to cook (by boiling) Are you already cooking dinner? to lose, waste Don't waste time 00 that. ago
It happened a year ago.
fountain pen Write with a fountain pen. chalk Write with chalk. dissatisfied, displeased He's dissatisfied with the results.
1IHp6r c rpHoaMH Ba..n.Jt (BaJIelmiJla)
Merna (AnekcCH, ee MYJtc) Jlt06a (JlK>668b, HX coceJlKa)
BanJt
Anerua 394
ArIcwa! TliM, kWKeTcJt", C'ryIHiT. nOH,lJ,H, nO)KanyHCTa, OTKp6H. jj He O,lJ,eTa. 2 A, ;ho Tbl, flfb6a. 3axo.lJ)i, BaJUI CTHpacT, OHa ceii'l3C npH,lJ,CT. l.ESSON
17
11106a
3 jf
BanJi
4 3JtpaoCTByH, MJtJ13.J1. Koma Tbt C JteTbMH oepnyJlacb?
5
Ila MIiHyTKy. 3awmi npHrJlaCHTb Bac C HaMH noo6cJJ.aTb.
4ac lIaJ
Mw
ee
6b! pallbWe BepnyJlIiCb, HO
neTJI
HCKaTb.
AJIewa
6 H oj dx? Mu6ro rpH60B HawnH?
11Ib6a
7 Macey. jf )')KC HcneKna IlHp6r H cBapHna cYn. 2 npH1WJtHTe K HaM ua 06CJJ..
BaJlJl
8 C
Anewa
9 A Te6e ewe MH6ro OCTaJlOcb?
60nbllntM yJtOBOJlbCTBHeM. npli,O,CM, KaK TOJ1bKO
R KOH'iy
BanJl
10 HeT, oJUla Ib6Ka Ii ,O,ot': py6awKIi.
11106a
II Hy, KOH'faH cKopeii, Ii npHxoJtJtTe. IiYJJ.eM BaC )K,O,aTb.
cTlipaTb.
I It is not uncommon for Russians to take a train to the country, and then go to the forest to pick berries or mushrooms, or just to hike.
NOTES
2 nHpOr is a kind of pie, usually rectangular in shape, which contains any of various fillings, for example, meat, cabbage, mushrooms, rice, eggs, carrots, or any combination of these ingredients. The sweet variety with a fruit filling is called CJIlI,1l,KKH DHpOr sweet pie and usually does not have a crust on top. Small individual ones encased in dough are called nHpo*KH (singular IIHpo-oK) or, if slightly larger,
DMporii.
Basic sentence patterns I. KCM -
a» JloaOJlell?
To66j·i.
- Mlloii. -BaMH. - BJlanHMHpoM.
-11M. - Talleii. - Eii (bo). - CTYJlCllT3MH. -"MH. 2. 4CM MHC nl1c{lTb?
-3THM xapa»ltaWoM. -3TOii aOTopy'lKOH.
With With With With With With With With With With
whom is he pleased? you me. you. Vladimir. him. Tanya. her. the students. them. ,.
What should I write with? Use this pencil. Use this fountain pen, LESSON I7
395
lh~M
l\1He Hap6a1'b xJle6? - 3nlM nO:lKOM. 4eM MHe BbI1'epe1'b pyKH? - 3niM lUla1'KOM.
4eM MHe MCWaTh
-
cYn?
31'Oil nOJKKoiL
3. C KeM OCTaHyrCJl naH'1 -Co MHoiL -C M
.st
Iloeny BMecTe C OneroM. _ _ _ _ _ _ c p0Il.HTemIMM. _ _ _ _ _ _ c .ne1·bMH. _ _ _ _ _ _ C 3THMH JllOll1>M".
_ _ _ _ _ _ C CbUlOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ C llo·lepblo. _ _ _ _ _ _ c 6a6yrnKoii. S. nmmrre ___ ___ ___
KapaullawoM. MenoM. PY'lKOH. aBTOpY'lKoK.
_ _ _ DepOM.
He CT)"Ili HOJKOM! ____ nO:«KoH! ____ BHnKOH! He CTy"IHTe uoraMH! HapetKb xmS6 3THM 1I0)KOM! _ _ _ orypLtbI ! MewailTe cyn :lToilllepeBliulIoii nO:lKKoH!
What should I cut the bread with? Use this knife. What should I wipe my hands with? Use this handkerchief. What am I to stir the soup with? Use this spoon. With With With With With With With With With
whom are the children going to stay? me. their mother. their parents. their father. their grandmother. their uncle. their grandfather. their aunt.
I'll go along (or together) with Oleg. __________ __________ _________ __________ __________ __________
with with with with with with
my parents. the children. these people. my son. my daughter. grandmother.
Write with (or in) pencil. _ _ _ _ _ _ chalk. _ _ _ _ _ pen. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fountain pen. _ _ _ _ _ pen. Don't rap with your knife! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ spoon! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fork! Don't tap with your feet! Slice the bread with this knife! __ the cucumbers ! Stir the soup with this wooden spoon!
6. Bbl n"ere ',,'Iii. c n11MOllOM? - HeT, 6e3 nHMolla. Bbl nheTe '1:Hi c clxapoM? - Her, 6e3 clxapa. 8bI Dt>eTe '1aii c MonoKoM? - HeT, 6e3 Monod. 8bI n..eTe '1aH c nHMoHoM H clX~poM? - Her, 6e:J HH'Icr6.
Do you drink your tea No, without lemon. Do you drink your lea No, without sugar. Do you drink your tea No, without milk. Do you drink your lea
7. lia6ywKa IlcnclUla nHp6r c rpH6aMH. _ _ _ _ _ _ nHp6r c pbI60K. nHpora. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HecKonbKo nHporCB.
Grandmother baked a mushroom pirog. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a fish pirog. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ two pirogs. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ several pirogs.
______ llea
396
LESSON
17
wilh lemon? with sugar? with milk? with lemon and sugar?
No, withoul anything.
1i
Grandmother baked rolls. ______________ a loaf of white bread. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Iarge rolls.
8. )Kena csaplllla cYn. ___________ BKyCH~HC~. _________ cYn c JIanwoil:. _____ cYn c rpH63MH. _ _ _ _ _ 6ynboH. _ _ _ _ 66pm. ___________ nauwy.
My wife cooked soup. ___________ a delicious soup. _______ noodle soup. ___________ soup with mushrooms. __________ consomme. _ _ _ _ _ borsch. _ _ _ _ _ noodles.
9. 3HHa XO'lCT c ToOOii n03HateOMIITbCJJ. -Co Muoii?! n03HaKoMbTecb, :ho Cl>uJlltnn rpfurr, :ho JIeB HHli:onaeBH'I. Cl>KnHnn, n0311aXOMbC$I co JIbBOM HHICOJIaeSII'leM. - Mbi y;«e 3HaICoMbl. lleB HIlKona.eBH'l, n03HateOMbTeCb c Cl>lUulnnOM rpauTOM. - Mbi y.«e B'lepa n03I1aICOMHllHCb.
Zina wants to meet you. Me? rd like you to meet each other; Philip Grant. Lev Nikolaevich. Philip, meet Lev Nikolaevich.
10. n0311aKOMb MelUl c Map"eii. _______ c CepreeM. ____________ c TaO"MH CblH06bJiMH. ____________________ .D.O'lephMJt. ..,.ueTbMH.
We're already acquainted. Lev Nikolaevich, meet Philip Grant. We already met yesterday.
O'leHb nplUiTllo c ea.MH n03113KOMlfTbCJl.
Introduce me to Maria. _ _ _ _ _ Sergey. _______ your sons. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ daughters. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ children . I'm very glad to rT\cct you.
Dbi 311aKOMbl c MOOi! KHHroii? ________ c MmtM poMa.UOM? _______ c MOHMH paOOTaMH?
Are you familiar with my book? ____________ with my novel? ____________ with my works?
II. OH Mile MewaeT. OHH MHe MCWa.IOT. .s1 RaM He McwalO? Dbl MIIC lie MewaeTC. Tw MIlC IlC MewaCWh.
He bothers me. They bother me. I'm not disturbing you, am I? You're not dislurbing (or bothering) me. You're not disturbing (or bothering) me.
12. Dbl 1l0TeplieTC Muoro apeMeHH. 6" nOTeplicT ~ .s1 nOTCplilo _ aHH nOTCpJiloT _
You'll lose (or waste) a lot of time. He'll lose (or wastc)' _ I'll lose (or waste)I _ They'll lose (or wasle) _
611
nOTCplin wanKy. alia 110TepJiJIa I1JIaTOK. QII" nOTCpRnH miTb py6nci!.
13. HaM npHlleTCSl noATH
B Mard3liu. _ _ _ _ _ pa66TaTb B cy6oory. ______ HcdTb pa66ry. ______ obi6pocHTh 3TH JJHMOHbI.
He lost his cap. She lost her (hand]kerchief. They lost five rubles. We"1I have _____ ____ ______
to to to to
go to the store. work on Saturday. look for work. throw these lemons out.
lESSON I7
397
HaM npHJJ.CTCR CTHpaTh JTH py6aWKH. ______ ocTaTbcR 1'fT eutc HenCJUo. ______ llonro )J(naTh. ______ Ih npllrJJ3CHTb. 3a nepeBoM. _ _ _ _ _ nOMoM. _ _ _ _~H366H. _ _ _ _ _ KHOcXOM. _ _ _ _ CTon6M. _ _ _ _ .asephfO. _ _ _ _ _ .D.BephMH.
We'll have ____ ____ ____
to to to to
wash these shirts. stay here another week. wait a long time. invite them.
14. 011 CTOJlJJ
He stood behind ______ ______ _______ ______ ______ ______
15. KJJfO'iH noJl. Jl.sephfO.
The keys are under _______ ______ _______ _______ ______
_ _ _ _ nopT~eM. , _ _ _ _ Kop66xoiL _____ )J(ypHanoM. _____ ClUfMX3MH. _____ xlUfr3MH.
16. rlJ,e UaXOlJ,HTCSI Bam .nOM? - 33. ropo,nOM. - 3a JJecoM. - 3a napKoM. - 3a 63epoM.
the tree. lhe house. lhe hut. the newsstand. the table. the door. the doors. the the the the the the
door. briefcase. box.
magazine. snapshots. books.
Where's your house located? Oul of town. Beyond the forest. Across the park. Across the lake.
17. AO'lb BepHynach HelJ,e.nfO TOMy 1Ia3~. _______ min HeJ1e.nb TOMY Ha.J3JI. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ MecJlLl. TOMy Ha.J3JI. _______ ro,n TOMy 1Ia.J3JI. _______ ,noa rolla TOll.fj 1Ia3a.n.
The daughter returned _________ ________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-'--_________
18. Mbi: Jl.OrOBOpKnHCb lIa cpe.ay.
We made a date for Wednesday. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tomorrow.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33BTpa.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cne.a)'lOutHH nOHelle.nbHRX. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Cnell)'lOUI}'lO miTIIHu,y. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 'I3.C. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ).I,eBHTb '1ac6B.
a week ago. five weeks ago. a month ago. a year ago. two years ago.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ next Monday. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ next Friday. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ one. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nine o'clock.
Pronunciation practice: the unvoicing of ordinarily voiced consonants The unvoicing of ordinarily voiced consonants in word final position. The letter 6 pronounced [p1 A. The letter 6 pronounced £b] or ~J The letters 61. pronounced [uJ [xleb;) xnWa [~epJ xne6 of the bread bread [rabi]
pa6bi:
slaves [golu'ili) r6ny6H pigeons 398
LESSON 17
[mpl pa6 slave [golugl rony6h pigeon
B. The letter
B
pronounced [v] or IY]
[slevOl] cneoa on the left (slivOl) cnHoa plum [ytlyi) .eTBH branches
C. The lelter r pronounced [g) or (gJ ISdpagi] canonl high boots [vra~i] aparn enemies (KQi~)
KHliTa
book D. The letter II pronounced [d] or (4]
(game!;) J ropona of lhe city [g6di] ronhl years [rpe
E. The letter :oK pronounced Iz) [nazI) 110:«" knives [ko!iJ KO*» hides
The letter B pronounced (f] The letters Bh pronounced 10 nef] )Jeo Uon (slif] cmis of plums [yetf] BOTB. branch The letter r pronounced [k] [sap6k] canor high bool [vnik) opar enemy [kvikJ KIIHr of books The letter 11 pronounced [t] The letters LU> pronounced (t] [gor.nJ ropon city (got] ro,n year
['1'elJ
MeO.
copper The letter
pronounced [no~] 116:« knife (ko~] ICO:« of hides »I::
[~]
The unvoicing of ordinarily voiced consonants in a non-final position. A. The letter 6 pronounced [b] [ab4ira\] 0611~lpaTh to peel off [abzi\] 06:ltolTb to make livable
The letter 6 pronounced [P] [ap\in't\] 06THpaTb to wipe off [ap~i\] 06WH1"b to saw
.B. The letter
The letter B pronounced (f] (fpari) snape in a pair [fsOr] 0 c6p into rubbish
pronounced [v] [vbari] B 6ape in a bar [vz6r) 030P glance B
C. The letter 11 pronounced (d J [podgar6j] non TOpO" at the foot of a mountain (pad!i\] nOll}KHTb to heal up
The letter 11 pronounced [t] [pdtkar6j] nOll KOpO" under bark [paUl\] nommiTh to line
!..ESSON
I7
399
Nouns in the instrumental case The instrumental case without a preposition designates the means by which some action is accomplished. It may specify the tool, instrument, conveyance, agency, or means used to effect the act; or it may indicate the manner in which the act was accomplished. Hape)f(h xne6 )TMM 1I0*OM. Cut the bread with lhis knife. 4CM Dbl nJ1:WCTC, Kapall.D:aIDOM? What are you writing with, a pencil? K,aK 6bl npllcxa.rlll, U0e3,1J,OM? How did you come? By train? Several prepositions require the instrumental case, the most common of which is c (co) in the meaning with, in accompaniment With.
51
I was talking with father. He'll go along with Kalya.
rOBopwl C OTUOM. 6H nOHl1eT c KoncH.
Note: The preposition c must not be used to translate the English with in the sense of by meanso!; the instrumental case form alone expresses the English with in such situations: "HlllliTe py'iKoii! Write with a pen! NOUN ENDINGS IN THE INSTRUMENTAL CASE SINGULAR PLURAL
Feminine
Masculine and Neuter
-OM, -eM,
~
...
-ON,
-cit, -cit,
~bOO
-aMH,
-JlMH,
-bMii
MODELS
noroBopiITe c
coce~OM.
6phOM. _ _ _ _ _ C OTU.OM. _ _ _ _ _ C ceKpeTapeM. _ _,---_ _ c yqkre.nCM. _ _ _ _ _ c IUIOCTpaHUCM. _ _ _ _ _ c aMeprnc{lHI~eM . _____ C
.sl
IlaWeJl
61UIeThI 110~
CrOJlOM.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ llO~ llHCbMOM.
_______ ______ _______ _______ _______
CIl0BapeM. no~ wKa$OM. no~ nopT$e.neM. no~ 3ll$1BJleHHeM. no~ CQ
Om! BeplIYJlac~ c ra3/hoii. _ _ _ _ _ _ c pw60ii.
_______ c ICBHrOK. ______ c
Bo~oii.
_______ c ceMbea. _______ c KBHTaHl.Uleii.
400
LESSON
17
Have a talk with your neighbor. _______ your brother. _ _ _ _ _ _ your father. _______ your secretary. _______ your teacher. _______ the stranger. _______ the American. I found the tickets _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ________
under under under under under under under
She came back with _ _ _ _ _ with _ _ _ _ _ with _ _ _ _ _ _ with _ _ _ _ _ _ with _ _ _ _ _ _ with
the the the the her the
the the the the the the the
table. letter. dictionary. '" cupboard.• briefcase. application. composition.
paper. fish. book. water. family. receipt.
Oml }')Ke rOBop,ina c nOAPYroi.
________ c ne8Hlleii.
She has already talked _________ _________ ________ ________ _________
Omlllonro rOBOpliJia c' MaTepblO. _ _ _ _ _ _ _~ C A64epblO.
She talked for a long time with her mother. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with her daughter.
nJl8T6K 6blJl DOA llBepblO.
The handkerchief was under the door. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ under the notebook. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ under the box with
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ c cocelJ,Koii.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ c 6ft6yw"oi. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ c Y'UfTenbHHllei. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ c npoAa8wHlleii.
_ _ _ _ _ DOA TeTPa.aLJO. _ _ _ _ _ DOA Kop66KOH C M;O!dO.
with with with with with with
her friend. her neighbor. her grandmother. her teacher. the saleslady. the singer.
ointment.
.,
He CTy41i KapaHoamOM! _ _ _ _ HO:llCOM. _~_Me.nOM!
____ Jl6:;KKoii!
_ _ _ _ 8MKOii! ____ Hor6i!
_ _ _ nAnxoii!
>t
DOii!l:y 33 ra.3CTaMH. _ _ _ _ 33 Oryplla.WI. _ _ _ 3a
6yno'lKaM•.
_ _ _ _ 3a
JlHM6HaMH.
_ _ _ _ 3a KnHraMH. _ _ _ _ 3a :lICypH
CJlOBapliMH.
_ _ _ _ 3a CljJIbtLWI.
jf JtTPan B KftJYTbl __- - - - _______ _______ ______
C TOBftPH.LUaMII.
co CT)'lleHTa.WI. c ,ll,eBywKa.WI. co CTYlleHTXaMH. c cecrpaMH.
_ _ _ _ _ _ c ,nP)'3hliMH.
_______ C POlIIITeJlHMH.
_ _ _ _ _ _ C6pAThIlMH. ;c CblHOBbllMH. _ _ _ _ _ _ c Y'lHTeJI:iMa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ c llO'feph..wi.
_ _ _ _ _ _ c JleTbMli. Obi ,no86nbHbl ______ _____ ______
cry,neHTaMN?
CTy,neHTKllMH? npo¢leccopiMH? y4HTenliMH?
_ _ _ _ _ coce,nMMH?
______ ceKperapliMH?
Don't rap with your pencil! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ knife! _ _~ chalk! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ spoon! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fork! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ foot! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ stick (or cane)! I'll go get the papers. ____ the cucumbers. ____ the rolls. ____ the lemons. ____ the books. ____ the magazines. ____ the chess set. ____ the dictionaries. ____ the chairs. I was playing cards with ________ with _ _ _ _ _ _ with ________ with ________ with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with ________ with ________ with ________ with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with
friends. tbe students. the girls. the students. my sisters. my friends. my parents. my brothers. my sons. the teachers. my daugbters. the children.
Are you pleased with the (or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the (or _______ the (or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the (or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ thc (or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the (or
your) students? your) students? your) professors? your) teachers? your) neighbors? your) secretaries?
Lffi'iON
17
40 I
• RESPONSE DRILL
Here's chalk. Write wilh chalk.
BOT aBTopy..Ka. nHtwiTe ;JBTOpy'lKOii.
B6T Men. nHrnHTe MeJlOM.
(KapaUllam, nepo, pY'lKa, MeJl, anop)"lKa)
• CUED SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. (bookshelf) He found his cap behind the bookshelf.
2. (sideboard) Did you look under the sideboard? (6y4>h)
BLI HCXan.H no.n 6y+uOM? BLI HCK3...rtH nOll JIIfCTbllMH?
(n6mca)
Ou uawen wanKy 3a oo.'1Koii.
(JUtCTbll)
(wKAep)
6u Rallien warnr.:y 3a llOOi+oM.
(OKIIO, llIKaep, llepeBo, TeTp3llH, Kop06Ka,
(llBepb, 836a, .nOM, 6ycjleT, uepKOBb, llepeBO,
c:rym,R, C'ron)
Kopo6Ka, SIIUltK)
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. Go with your brother. Go with your brothers.
2. I'm acquainted with her wlcles. I'm acquainted with her uncle.
nC>e):lKaH c 6p.hOM!
R 3HaKoM
C ee llWMH.
n0e3:.dii c 6pliTbRMH!
A JHa..oM
c ee
n0e3lJl:iifi c nOllpyroH!
$i
noe3,oi c no.npYraMH! (c aMepHKaHueM, C TOaapHllteM, C ne·
A 3HaKOM C ee 6p3TOM.
iliei.
3HaKOM C ee 6paTbSlMIi. (TeTJl:MH, no.npyraMH, J],py:3bSlMH,
cecrpa-
BHu.eH, C aMepHll:aHKOH, C neBUOM, CTYPH-
MH, coceJlllMH, )"lHTe1IbIlHUaMH, coceIl·
CTOM, C ceKpeTapeM, C )"fHTeneM, C npo. BOllKHJ(OM)
ll:aMH, JllIlV1MH)
3. He returned wilh the newspapers. He returned wilh the newspaper.
4. I'll stop by for my neighbors. fll stop by for my neighbor.
OH BepHyncSi c ra3t:TaMH.
$i
On
A
aepuYJlCSl C ra3hoii.
08 aep"yncJI co CJI0aapHMH. On BepHjJlCK co cnoaapeM. (KapTaMH, *ypHaJlaMH, JaSlaJlemUIMJl,
3aiiD.Y Ja cocellKaMlt. JaiiJ:tj J;J coceJI.Koii.
$i JalillY Ja TOaaplfiUaMlt.
A JaiiJ],y
J;J TOBapHllleM.
ClIHMKaMH, naJIKaMM, 6WleTaMJ.l,
(CTYJ.l.eUTaMI1, aMepl1KalllJ,aMH, CoceJLlfMI1, nOJ.l.pyraMI1, y'lMTeJlbIIl1UaMH, J.l.py:3bSlMU,
6yJlKaMJ.l, KaMTaUIllUIMM)
nCBlIuaMH, J],oKTopaMu)
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. We hove no milk. I'll go get the milk. Y HaC neT Monod.
A noW 3a
MOJ~.
Y mic HCr 6ynollell:. A noii./Q' 18 6YOO"lKa\la. (lUle6a, orypUOB, caxapa, BOllbl, ll
2. Grandfather knows the way. Follow Grandfather. L{e.nYWKa JUaeT Ilop6ry.
J.fluf Ja .a.eA)'UIKoii. IOpHH JHaeT J],op6ry. J.fluf
J;J IOpHe.\I.
(ero OTeu, ero D;enf, ero 6a6ywKa, EareuHH, ero J],RJ],R, ero poJ],K"reJIH, ero Ten,
402
~N
17
coce.u,
8..\.1epHKaltCu)
• QUESTION·ANSWER DRILLS
1. Is herring sold here? Yes, thi~· is the line/or herring.
2. Don't you have a fountain pen? I don't like /0 write with a fountain pen. y Te6R HCT aBTOpy\f"H? R He JlJ06J1JO mlC:aTb llBTOpy'IKoii. y Te6Ji HeT KapaHJl,awa? R He JD06JoO ""can. K8ptumawOM.
TYT npo,lJ,aKn cene,lJ,KY?
)la, :ho o'lepe,ll,b :Ja ceneAKoii. TYT npo,lJ,aHn lIHMOllbl?
)].li. iTo o
JlKMOuaMH.
(HeT PY'!"H, HeT nepa, HeT Mena, HeT aSTopY\fKH, lIeT KapallJJ.awa)
(X1Ie6, caxap, 6lU1eTbI, py6a.utK", M01l0KO, 1II.IMOlfaa, ManH, nnaC-f"UX.H, ne
3. Is Alyosha going too? Yes, Alyosha and I are going together. Anewa TO"'C ell,CT?
.a,.
MW c AJJeweii
illeM'
)lit MbI C 6piTOM elieM' BMme. (.a.ent, 1I106a, TBOH .aAllJI, TaWl, TBOH
a.\tkre.
OTClt, TBOH po.aKTeJIH, spa
Ts6H 6ph T6",e e.aeT?
•
PROGRESSIVE SUBSTITUTION DRILLS
I. He has met Zina.
611
.SI
n0311aK6MHJJCJl C 3ulion.
OH nO:JHaKOMNJlCJI
_
2. I saw my uncle.
(npHr1l3CKn)
_ (rynlin c) ji ryJWi c Weii.
3HHy.
OH npHrJlacKn
}'BH.nCJl .ali.aIO.
R )'BMe.tJ lliIuo.
C 3HHOK. _
.
_ _ _ _ _ (ee lIellYWkY).
- (""'l'CT"") - - - .
_
(311U6M c)
_
_
("",ful)
_
_ _ _ {Apy,cH). _ (noex3JI c) _
_ _ _ _ {ACT.H).
_ (npumacKn)
_ (ll'l'ful c) _ ("CKful) _ _ _ _ (rpll6,;,). _
(csupw-. eyn e)
. .
_
_ _ _ (ee OT"a), _ (nOJHaKOMHlICJl c) _ ~(Y3llful)
_ _ _ (Cepr••). _ (paMT"" c)
_
_
_
DISCUSSION INSTRUMENTAL SINGULAR OF NOUNS iKclui-nouns
ABCpb~nOuns
-OM. -eM
-OK• ..eM
unstressed -OM, -eM
-oii. -eii
only -blO (never stressed)
CTOJI- and oKllo-nouns stressed
CT01l0M
CJI0BapeM
)l(eHoii
ceMl.oeii
,llBepblO
yrlloM
)"IlITeJJeM
JHMOii
:JMeeii
flf06oSbIO
aST66ycoM
HHKomleM
ceCTp6ii
lIeKUHeH
6\fcpe.lt.b1O
Me1l0M HO)l(OM
M}hKeM
n.ywoii nor6n.oii
HCT6pHeii HaTaweii
reTpanblO eeUlblO
n6\fTOi
B01l6.aeii
MaTCpblO
Hc.ae.neii
.l16
KapaHJlaWOM
aMepHKcUtlle.\t napHeM
KJlIO'IOM
co6paHHeM
nepOM
unaTheM
KIUiroii wallKoii
.l1e1l0M
BpeMeHeM
3""oii
Map"eH Y.l1 a 'leii
USSON
17
403
I. Hard-stem CTon- and OfI':Ho-nouns have the instrumental singular cnding -OM; soft-stem CTon- and oKllo-nouns have the cnding -eM if stressed. --eM if unstressed. Stems ending in "I, lll, w, :lK, and u: spell their ending -OM' if suessed and -eM if unstressed. Compare 6oPlllOM with TOsapKll(CM. 2. Hard-stem :lKellli-nouns have the instrumental singular ending -oii; soft-stern :lKCHa-nOUns have the cnding -eii if stressed, -eli if unstressed. Stems cnding in "I, lll, m, "', and It spell their ending --OM if stressed and -eM if unstressed. Compare nym6ii with KBweii. There are also alternate endings -010, -itlO, and -eto whic::b are mostly encountered in literary works: :lKellOIO, CeMLelO, and HaTamCto. 3. All ):tBepb-nOuns have the instrumental singular ending -blO, always unstressed. 4. BpeMa- and liMa-nouns take the unstressed instrumental singular ending -eM: BpeMCIleM and "MelleM. INSTRUMENTAL PLURAL OF NOUNS
Hard stems and stems ending in
"I
and w
Soft stems
-liMB
-aMH
cTomiMH )l(emtMH OKHlIMH ropoJl.aMH JI.OKTOpaMH c&:rpaMH 1I0)l(aMH KJlJO'laMH TOBapHlU aMH
}"tHTemlMH HeD.C.rmMH po.nHTeJUlMH CO'lHHeHHHMH 6paTbaMH crYnbHMB 3,UaHI:lHMH
I. Nouns which take -ax in the prepositional plural and -aM in the dative plural take -aMit in the instrumental pluraL Their stress is identical in all three cases: CTonBx, CTOJIllM, CTOJlaMH; :lKeHax, :lKellaM, :/KellaMH. 2. Nouns which take -ax in the prepositional plural and -JIM in the dative plural take -IIMH in tbe instrumental plural. Their stress is also identical in all three cases: y"lHTemi", y"lIUeJUIM, ylfHl'cnHMH; 6paTbHX, 6paTMilM, 6p3T1.l1MH. -3. The nouns tulePb and .all'll> have an alternate instrumental plural ending -bMK: JlBCPbMM (or tulepHMH), 1l0
The instrumental of lITO, 'ITO, the personal prononns, and the rellexive personal prononn cro.. NOM
KTO-
'ITO
INSTR
KeM
'IeM
;
Tht
(no nom)
OH,ono
MIIOR
To6o"
co66i:i
MM,(HnM) elO,(neH)
OHa
..,;,
Bbl
ami
HaMil
aaM"
H:MII, (mfMH)
Notes I. Third person alternate forms OHM, HeM, and 1111MB occur only with prepositions, for example, "MM, C ncii, la Heii, C IIHMH, 3a lUiMH.
C HlIM, Ja
404
LESSON 17
2. In addition to o\moii, T066ii, co6Oii, and HeM, there are also the alternate instrumental forms M1I61O, YoOOlO, c066lO, and 1100. These are encountered primarily in literature, especially poetry. MOI)E'-"
R XO'f)' C HHM
__ c ___ c
nei
I want to bave a talk: ________ _ _ _
nor080pHTb.
_
88MN _ _~ _
_ _ C UJi!tlH
_
_ _ c YoOOi
_
PekTOp XO'feT C RiMN nor080pHTb. _ _ _ _ CO ...OM
_
with with with with witb
bim. her. you. them. you.
The chancellor wants to have a talk: witb us. _ with me. Take a pencil and a notebook along (/il. witb yourself).
- C
C
What do you take in your tea? or With what do you drink tea''] Milk.
MonoKoM.
-C BaMH.
With whom do you want to speak? With you.
L(eM Db! nHmeTe, Kapa.l.nawoM? KeM obl.no06nhltbl? - BliMH.
What are you writing with, a pencil? With whom are you pleased? You.
R co66i IIMooonell.
I'm dissatisfied wiLb myself.
Kbt Db!: ue.nOOOJlbHhl, MU6ii? - Her, HM.
With whom are you dissatisfied, me? No, him. No, her. No, myself.
teeM
Obi XOTIiTC rOOOplfTh?
- Her, elO. - Her, co6Oii. • CUED QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
With .....hom .....ill she go? Wilh him. (Oil) C Kc!M OHa nOHneT? C lulM. (Ii) C KeM aHa nOH.uCT? Co o\moii. (Oflll, aHa, Mbl,
fl,
OB, 8hl, aHa, Thl, fl)
• QUESTlON4ANSWER DRIl.l.S
I. Do you know Oleg? No, I don't know him. Thi 3l1a"oM C One rOM ? Her, Ii c m&r He 3HlIKOM. Tbi 3UMM e BaneH? Her, Ii c oeM He 3HUOM. (C K)pHeM, C ee coceARMH, c aMepHJ:aH' u.eM rpaHTOM, cera ce<;rpaMH, c era 6a6yuJIl:oii, c era .aeAYWKOH, cera JJJUIeii, cera TmH)
2. Is he pleased with Ihe exams? Yes, he is.
Ou llOBOJfCU :IlO3MeHaMH?
na, 0" liMN noaOnen. Oil noaoneH roOOii?
ll.i. 6H MH6ii nOBOnen. (y-IHTeI1bU"ueii, mexpepoM, neTbMH, !\.tHaN, paOOTOit, BaM", yotHTCJIeM, co60il:, HaM", crynellTIlMU)
LESSON 17
405
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILL
• SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILL
She's displeased with her son. She's displeased with him.
I was sitting behind you. You were sitting behind me.
QHa ChlHOM lIe,noa0J1bH3. Qmi H.\t IIClI,OBOJlhHa, QHa ceCTPO" lIe.uoBOJIbHa.
.H
Ollli
CHJlen 3a BaMII. BbI CHlI,CJlH 33 MHoil,
Mw CllnCHH 33
eto IIClI,OBOJlbH3,
Reil:.
Ollli CMlI,CJI3 ]3 lIliMM.
(.nen.. MH. y6opuumei1. BaXTepoM,
Bw
CTy1l,eHTaMH, )"lHTeJleM. nO'lCphlO)
011 CH,.qeJI 3a HeiL
ClUleJIH 3a
He".
Tbl Ci11I,en 3a Heit.
Oim ClUlenH 3a HeiL R cH.UeJl 3a neit. Mbl
CH./IeJlH 33 HeiL
The instrumental of :hOT, '1eii, and the possessive modifiers SINGULAR PLURAL
Masculine and Neuter -HM
Feminine .
-oil, -eM:
-IIMII
MODELS He rOBopHTe C :hHM 3Mepl£K3.Uu.eM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CTyneHTOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TypHCTOM. ______ C
:hoil aMepHKfmxoH.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CTyneHTImii. ______ C 3THMH CTyneHT3.M.lI. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ aMepHldlHL\aMH. _ _ _~
TypHCTaMH.
Don't talk to that American. _ _ _ _ _ _ student. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tourist.· _ _ _ _ _ _ _ American woman. _ _ _ _ _ _ student. _ _ _ _ _ those students. ________ Americans. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tourists.
C 'lbHM npyroM aLI 'l'aHueawm? _ _ _ 6phoM ? C 'l.,eM: nO'lephlO ? ___ cec-rp6ii ? C l(bHMH .uP)'3hJlMH ? _ _ _ _ nOl(epbMH ?
Whose friend did you dance with? ___ brother ? ___ daughter ? ___ sister ? ___ friends ? ___ daughters ?
)];61'11 OCTllHyrCl'l co caOHM OTUOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ co CaOeM: MtnepblO. _______ co CBOHMH POJ.I,IITCJUlMH.
The children will stay with their father. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. with their mother. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with their parents.
Omi nOJlro rOBOpHnH C MOHM 6paTOM.
They talked with _ _ _ _ with _____ with _ _ _ _ with
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C MOHM OTU;OM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C MOHM
======-
.ulin.eit. 1
C MOHM .ueJIYlIIKOH.1
, Note that although in terms of agreement.
mil and /l,••\.IQ'lI1Ka are .eua-class nouns and M6i111l:I1YIUl'a Jl(I1JT II MocKue.
my my my my
brother for a long time. father _ uncle _ grandfather _
decline as such, they are still treated as masculine
My grandfather lived in Moscow. Did you talk with my uncle? This is lrue of all such ....eua-class nouns referring 10 males. for example, MYl"'fIi1a, Komi, and 8o.rIoAIi. Bbi rOBOpHnll C MOIiM !tyneR?
406
LESSON
17
OHii .noJlro r080pHJlIl C Moeii cec-rpML _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ c Moeii M3rephlO.
They talked with my sister for a long time. _ _ _ _ _ with my mother _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C MoH.\tH po.nHTeJUIM.H.
_ _ _ _ with my parcnts
Y
The teacher isn't very happy with your essay. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ wilh your
CO'lHHeHHeM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TBof:ii pa66ToH. ____________ TBOHMH OTOCTaMH.
composition. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with your work. ____________ with your answers.
3a HawHM Jl6MOM paCTCT MIl6ro .uepeobeB. 3a HawHM o6mclKWrHeM _
There are lots of trccs growing behind OUf house. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ behind our
3a Haweii H300H
dormitory. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ behind our hut.
_
3a HliwHMN .nOMaMH
_
_
_
behind OUf houses.
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting the pallem of endings in the instrumental
case.
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. I'm acquaimed with your uncle.
R 3HaK6M Jl
3uaK6M
c 8arnUM J.ViJleH. C
TBOMM
weH.
R 3HaK6M C DaWe" mcH. Jl 3HaKoM C TBoeii TeTeii. (po.nWTe.rUIMH, coce.aKOH, .ne.nywKou, no.npyroH, .npyJbHMH. MaMoH, ceMbeH)
3. Did you talk with your father? Bbi rODOpHnH C 03.WHM OTUOM? Rbi rORopM:IH co c&OliM OTttOM? Bbl rooopHnl1 C oarnuMH JlP}'3bllMH? By roROpK.rIH co CROftMH n;PY1bliMH? (npoBOIlIlI1KOM, COce.nOM, COCC.nHMH, peKTOpoM, ccKpeTapeM, cry.ncIITaMH)
2. Alyo.fha is satisfied with my work. Afyosha is satisfied with your work. Ancwa .nooOnen Moe~ paooToit. AJlerna 1I0BOJlCJI BaUleii pa60roii. Anerna llOoOJleH MOUM CO'lltHeHlleM. AneUIa nOBo.fJetl eaUlttM CO"fJIHeHHeM. (Hfl>OH, O
4. We'" go with her uncie. We'" go with our uncie. Mbl noe.neM c ee nli.neil:. My ooeneM C UaUlHM weN. Mbl noelleM c ee TooapHwaMIt. My lloeJleM C uaUlHMH l'OBliplllllaMH. (y'lIITeJIeM, .neThMH, JlPY3bSL\rn, pe6HTaMlt, ChlHQM, Theil:)
• EXPANSION DRILLS
I. The newsstand stood behind the school. The newsstand stood behind this school. KHOcK CTOJi.n 33. IllKOJloii. K ..6cK crOAn 3a iTOM lIndmaii. KRocK crOM 3a pecTOpaUOM. KH6cK crOliJl 3a 3TIlM pecropallOM. (.a.epeObSlMH, JlOMOM, 3JlaHHCM, rOCTHHHl~eit, TcaTpoM, KJly6oM)
2. The feller is under the newspaper. The feller is under this newspaper. nHCbMO nOll r:ue-roil:. nllCl>Mo DOli iToii ra3hoii. n HCbMO nOJl lKYPllaJlOM. nHCLMO (lOll 3THM iKypUiJIOM. (KapTOH, KapTaMH, Kopo6KOit, KHlUO", CJTOoapeM, 3aSlBJletIHcM, KOHTaHJ.(K.ll:MH, 6}'Maroit)
LESSON 17
407
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. ThaI fellow bOlhers me. Whal am I to do with Ihal fellow? 3TOT mipeHb MHe McrmiCT. "ITo MHe Ae;IaTb c :hHM mipueM? 3m CTYlleHTKa MHe MernaeT. lITo MHC )],C;laTb C :hoii' CTYlleHTIwii? (llenl, coce.n, .ncBylpKa, mOllH, rocnOA"", rpa)t(JlaHC, nCBuu.a, '1eJlOncK)
2.
Thi.~
soup doesn't tasle good. What should be done with this soup? 31"OT cYrJ lIeaKYcHbII1. 4TO lle.TJaTb c :J1"HM CYOOM? 3Ta phl5a lIeaKYclla}l. tho Aenan. c hoii pw60ii? (oryPLU>I, Kawa, 6YJlbOH, ne
3. An accident happened to her son. Whose son? C ee CbfHOM CJIY'lHnOCb HCC'IaCTbe. C '1bHM chI110M? C ee TeTeH CJIY"H.nOCb HCC'l3.CTbC. C lIbeii yet'cii? (POllHTCJHIMU, ceCTpOH, .nCJlyWKOH, llH,Ueil, 6a6Y"IKoH, 6paTbJlMU, OTlIOM) DISCUSSION :iTOT, 'Ieii, AND THE POSSESSIVE MODIFIERS (m) (n)
NOM
INSTR
INSTR (PI)
NOM
hoii
'1bR '1beii
3TI1 3T11MH
'!Lit '1hHMH
3TO
3THM
(0
NOM
:hOT
INSTR
,Ta
MOil"
TBoil
cao"
Halli
BaW
MOC
TBoe
caoe
miwe
BaWe
MOIi.",
TBOHM
caOHM
HawHM
.iuu...
MOR MOeii
nOR TBOeii
caosi caoeii
Hawa Harneii
Barna aaweii
MOlt MOHMH
TaOIt TBOHMH
CBOW CBOHMH
miwH HalliUMH
Ballm BarnU.'"U
DISTRIBUTION Of ENDINGS I. The masculine and neuter instrumental singular ending is exactly like that of the dative plural of these forms: -HM. 2. The feminine instrumental singular cnding is like that of the genitive, dative, and prepositional cases: -oii in 3TON and -eii in alllhe rest. . Alternate endings -oro and -eta may also be encountered in older works of literature and in poetry. 3. The instrumental plural ending is -lIMit.
Reflexive verbs--part II MODELS
51 eMY YJlHBJUiIOCb. Omi __ YJlHBJIRCTC}l. Mhl __ Y.lll-lBmieMCJI. 408
LESSON 17
I'm surprised at him. She's surprised _ We're surprised
>
4eMy Tbl Ylll1UJIJleWl>c~? 4eMy omi ywmJIJlIOTCiI? 4eMy Bbi Y1I.H8JIJleTeCb? Oil lie YJ.UmJlliJICR nallIHM ycneXaM. QHa He Y1I.HDnJiJIacb ~ Qmi lie YllHDmiJIHCb _
What arc you surpriscd at? What arc they surprised at? What are you surprised at? He wasn'L surprised at our success. _ Shc wasn'L surprised They weren't surprised _
Note that YAHDJllin.ca is accompanied by the dative case without a preposition, to express the source of surprise or astonishment.
.sf 6oi-Ocb )K38.MelloB.
I'm afraid of the exams, You're afraid . She's afraid _ We're afraid _ You're afraid _ They're afraid _
_ _ _ _ _
Tbi 6oKmbC~ QHa 6o!ITcJI
Mw 60HMciI 'Ow 60HTCCb QHli 60hcil
On 60lincil Ma:repH, Qua 60linacb OTltA. QUit 60linliCb poluiTeneH.
He was afraid of his mother. She was afraid of her father. They were afraid of their parents.
Note that 6oAn.C1I is accompanied by the genitive case without a preposition, to express the source of fear, Mw caD.HMCiI o6ellaTh,
Jl =
Ow cazlIiTccb Qua C3llHTcil Tw caJ:lIlWbCiI OHiI ca,ltliTCiI
We're sitting down to eat dinner. I'm sitting down _ You're sitting down . _ She's sitting down You're sitting down . They're sitting down _
_ _ _ _
_
Oil Y'f(e n03IlaKOMIlJIC~ C IIci" Thl __ n03HaKOMIIJlaCb __. Mhl _ n03liaKOMIIJIIICh __.
He's already been introduced to her. You've __ been introduced _ _, We've _ _ been introduced _ _,
.s1 n0311aKOMJIIOCI> C HlIMH,
I'll make their acquaintance.
Mhl n03HaKoMHMc~ Oil n03tlaKOMIITcli OHI'I 1l031IaKOM~TC~
_ _ _
We'll make He'll make They'll make
acquaintance. acquaintance. acquaintance.
Korna Tbl n03HaKoMHwbCli C lll'IM"? Kor.ua Obi n0311aKoMIITCCL CUHMiI?
When are you going to meet them? When are you going to meet them?
n03HaKOMbC~
C Moeii cecrp6ii, n0311aKOMI.oTCCb C MOHM 6pfITOM.
Meet my sister. Meet my. brother.
He 66iicH! He 66HTecb! He YllHBJlJliiclI! He yJlIfDJJll iiTech ! He cePJJ.HCb! He oePllHTCCh!
Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't
be afraid! be afraid! be surprised! be surprised! get mad! or Don't be angry! get mad! or Don't be angry!
u::.ssoN J7
409
• QUESTION-ANSWER ORll.L
What are you afraid of? We're afraid of the exams.
4ero 311113 6mtTCR? 3HHa 6o1iT0i 3K38MeHoB.
4ero 8M 6oiITecb?
(Tbl, CTy.aeHTLl, 3TH JIeoyrnICII, Bbl, 3TOT
MW
nape"b,
601i.'''CH ltOaMeHOe.
cecTpa,
TeOJl.
6paTbJl)
TBOIf
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. We reached an agreement on this.
We'll reach an agreement on this. Mhi JlorOoOp"JZHCb 06 :hOM. Mt.i .a;oroaoptiMat 06 iToM. Omi .nOroOOpHnHCb 06 :hOM. Ottii JJ:oroaopllTCliI 06 iroM.
2. We don'l feel like going to the lake. We didn', feel like going to lhe lake. HaM He XO
HiM
R OCTlUIClI
enn.
B
Jtee.
(a KonX03, B ceJlO, B MocKBy, lIa BOKJall)
(TW, OH", Obl, II, MM, 011, 011")
3. I slayed home. I'll slay home.
He XOTiJIocI.
nee.
4. There'll still be a piece ofpirog left.
There's still a piece ofpirog left.
JlOMa.
R OCT8HyCb mbta,
Ewe
OC-ralleTCJI KyeoK rmpon'i.
OH OCTanCJI .llaMa.
F..ule 0CTI.nCi! IC}'cOK IIHpora. Ewe oCTflHyrCR mtporH.
OH
Ewe ocrinHo. ott.poni.
ocraHeTCH nOMa.
(Mbl, Jlellf, Thl., Cblll, Obl, JlO'fb, coce,!llt,
(HcMHoro KaWH, cyn, rplt6w, yxa, MOJIOICO,
MaTh)
6ynbolt, HeMlloro 6opma, Mlloro rpH60o)
5. / was gelting acquainted wilh the 10wn. I'm gelting acquoinled with Ihe town.
A JllaKOMJtJ1Cl1
Oil
3HaKoMIUI0I C ropo.noM.
OH
3HaI'OMHTC1I
(MhI, Chili, 6paT,Sbl)
C rOpoJlOM.
A :JHa"OMJnOCb c: rOpo.aOM.
C
ropo.noM.
ee JlO'lepH,
• kESI'ONSE DRILLS
I. You've gOI to meel him. I will. Te6e Ha.110 C H"M nOJIl3KOM"TbClL
2. Don', be afraid! fm not afraid. He 66ikJl!
R lIo:JllaKOMJIIOCb.
R lie 6oJOcb.
3"lJe
He CCP.ll,lteL!
H
IlItM nOJllaKOMllTbClL
Olla n03HaKOMwrCJI. (TBO"M po.llllTenHM, DaM, ee CbIRY, HaM,
ee llO'lepRM, pe611T3M, MHe)
Jt
lie cep*ycb.
He yltHsn.1iHcJI! He canHCb! He 06pall.l3.HC:lI He CTaHOOUCb
3. Don'l be mad! We're nolo He cep.aHTecb! MLit
He
cePllKMCliI.
He canHTecb!
410
LESSON
17
Ii:
B
HeM;'!
O'iepeJlb!
Mw He C
He CTaHOBltTecb ry.n3.! He y,!lltOniHTecb 3TOMy!
Thl.,
ee
polurrClIlI,
• STRUCTIIRE REI'LACEMIlNT DRILLS
I. We'll be eating dinner.
We're sitting down to eat dinner. Mbl 6Y.ueM o6e.naTb. Mbi ca.cft ooeJl,aTb, CecTpa 6YJJ.eT ooe.uaTb.
2. It's time for you to sit down and eat dinner. Sit down and eat dinner. Te6e napa CaJun-bC)) o6eJJ.aTb.
CIiJUtCh OOC,ll,IITh. Te6e nopa c IIHMIt nOJHaKOMIIThCSI.
Oua CIl.wfyC1l ooeJJ.a11.. (OTeLt
H
n03HaKo.\lI>C1l C HHMft.
MaTh, 6paT, T)'pHCTI.I, .II,
y60pWHWl, Sbl, IIMepHKaHl.lbI, Tbl)
3. You mustn't be afraid of it. Don't be afraid of it! BbI: He AOJJ:lICHW 3Tom 6osin.ol. He 66iTta. :noro!
Te6e nopa SepHYTbCSI JJ.oMoii. Te6e nopa AOrOSOpJITbCR 06 3TOM. TeM nopa 06paTlfTbCSI K 8pa'iY. Te6e nopa C3.llHTbCSI 3a CTon.
Te6e
BbI: He AOJnKJIW K HeMy 06P,U1UlTbCR. He 06pawiiTea. K HeMj! ue AOn)KHbl 3TOMY Y.lI.lt8JIliTbC.Il.
Bw Bw He .lI.OJnKHbJ Ha Hero cepArncSi.
nopa nOJHaKOMltTbCSI C MOHMH
poJJ.HTen.llMH.
Bw lie .lI.On:JKHbJ C H"MH JHaKOMHTbC.Il. BY: lie AOJnKHW TYAa 80J8pa1ltliTbOI. Bbi He HOJnKllbJ ero 6olin.al.
Reflexive verbs reviewed and drilled in this lesson are given below in all their forms: I. First conjugation oaiTl>C1l (pvf) to remain, stay, be left PAST OCTinCSI, ocranacb, -OCb, -HCb FUT
ocnlHYCb, OCT3HewbC1I, --eTCR, -eMC.II, -eTCCb, -yrCSI
IMPER
OCrillbCSI! OCT3.HbTeCb!
PAST
(ipfv) (+ dat) to be surprised (or amazed) y.nH8nJinC.II, y.n1t8nJinacb, -OClo, -ItCb
PRES
Y.lll18nlilOCh, YJJ.ItHnliewbCS!, -eTOI, -eMCSI, -eTeCb, -.oTCS!
IMPER
[lie] Y.ll.H8JlliiicSI! [lie] YAItHJuiiiTecb!
Y,llJIBJIlITbCfl
xOTrnC1l (ipfv) (used impersonally with the dative and the infinitive) PAST
to feel like
XOTMOClo
PRES
XO'fe-rcSl
IMPER
(not used)
2. Second conjugation 6otin,cR (ipfv) (+ gen)
to fear, to be afraid
PAST
6ollnCR, 6olinaeb, -oeb, -Heb
PRES
6olOch, 60J1WbCSI, -HTC~, -HMC~, -HTeCb, -H-rC~
IMPER
[ne] 66HC~! [He] 66HTeCb!
JUa..oMMTbCSl
(ipfv) (c
+ instr) to meet, become acquail/ted with
PAST
JUaKOMllncSI, JHaKOMJ.UlaCb, -OCb, -HCb
PRES
JllaKOMJl.oCb, 3HaKOMlDUbCH, -HTCSI, -UMC~, -"TeCh, -IITCli
IMPER
JlJaKOMbC~! JIIaKOMhTeCb!
1I0Jlla..oMMTltCSl (prv)
(conjugated like imperfective
JHaK01tfMTltCSl)
to meet, become acquainted with
ca.win.cA (ipfv) to sit down, take a seat PAST
caAHnc~,CaHHnaCh, -OCb, -HCb
PRES
ca:«yCb, ca.a.HrnbCSI, -IITCR, -HMCX, -HTecb, -JlTCSI
IMPER
ca.nHCb! ca..akrecb!
LESSON 17
411
+
ltOrOBOPKThC1t (pfv) (c instr) to come to an agreemellf, make (J dale (or appoinfmem) PAST LlOrOaOpJ1JtC$l, LlorOBopw-.aCb, -OCb, -IICh FlJT IWrOBOptOCb, Jl.OI-0BOpJ1WbCSl, ~J1-rC$l, -"MCSl, -liTCCb, -.!i·reSl nAPER llorOBopHCb! .uorOBopihecb!
Nouns with declension irregularities: MaTh, .nOIfb, cbm, .nepeBO, JIHcr MODElS
Y Hee ICpacKBu nO'lb. _ _ ICpaCHBblH CblH. Y l:lee "pacKBble .nO'lepH_ _ _ "pacK8ble CblI:IOBbli.
She has a beautiful daughter. _ _ _ a handsome son. She bas beautiful daughters. _ __ handsome sons.
Kaa:Oe ICpacliBoe D.CpeBO! KUOH "paCHBblH nKCT! KaKlie "pacKBble Jl.epeBb$l! KaxHe KpacliBble miCTbSl!
What What What What
n.M 6wno MHoro n.HCTbe8. _ _ _ _ _ _ AepeBbe8.
There were lots of leaves there. _______ Uees _ _.
Jt BH.a.en B ropo.ne BaWy .nO%. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ M3.Th. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B
J saw your daughter in town. _ _ _ _ mother _ _ _ your son _ _ _ _ _ friend . _ _ their daughters _ _ _ _ _ mothers . _ _ _ _ sons . _ _ _ _ friends _
R rOBopl'w C BaweH .nO'lepblO. ________ MflTcpblO.
I was talking to your daughter. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mother. _ _ _ _ _ to your son. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ friend. _ _ _ _ _ to their daughters. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mothers. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sons. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ friends.
_ _ _ _ C BalliUM CbIHOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .upyrOM. _____ C "X. ______ ______ ______
AO'lepbMH. Ma-repliMH. CbIHOBbJiMH. .uppbJiMH.
0H" :.«IIByT y llO'lepH. _ _ _ _ y MaTepll. _ _ _ _ ycwHa.
_ _ _ ynpjra. ____ ____ ____ ____
412
LESSON 17
y AO'lepeH. y MaTepeH. y ChiHOseH. yAppeH.
a beautiful tree! a beautiful leaf! beautiful (rees! beautiful leaves!
They live with their ________ _______ _______ _______ _______ ________ _______
daughter. mother. son. friend. daughters. mothers. sons. friends.
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS I. Is this your pen? Are these your pens? 3'1'0 SalliC ncpO? :ho Bam.. nepbR? 31'0 Balli CT)rn? ~l'O B8mH CTYJILH? (Bawa llO'lb, Baw GpaT, BalUa MaTh, Baw M)')K, saw CbIII, Baw ,upyr)
2. Don', forget about their mother. Don't forget about their mothers. He 3a6YllbTe 06 ItX MaTep". He 3a6Y.aLTe 06 HX MaTepil:x. He 3aGy,ubTe 0 nameM llpYre. He Ja6YJtbTe 0 a3lUHX .apYJblix. (0 ee CbIHe, 06 HX Jl:O'iepH, 0 BaweM GpaTe, 06 3TOM Jl:epeae)
3. She's IJoing to visit her son. They're going to visit their sons. OHa e,ueT K cb"my. ONli cAYI' K CLIHOBLAM.
OHa e,ueT K 6phy. OIlM CflYT K 6p8TbHM. (x MaTepn, K n;pyry, cLmy, K Gpary)
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILL
• RESPONSE DRILL"
Where are their brothers? I didn't see their brothers. rlle IIx GpaTb)]? Ji: lie sli):{en Hx 6paTLeB. r,ue IIX CbHlOBbli? Ji: He BH,uen Hx cwlloaeii. (,D:O'iepll, MpKbSl, GpaThSl, MaTepli, llP}'3MI)
There's only one leaf here. There are lots of leaves there. Ty-r TOJIbKO o;:ulli miCT. A riM MJlllfO .'lliCTLeB. Ty-r TOJIbKO OllHO ,lIepeao. A riM Mllora ttepCBbeB. (OJ(JIII CTyJI, OllllO nepo, O.n:HH mlCT, O.n:FlO ,uepeao)
K
,lI0'lepH,
K
MYJKY,
K
• SUBJECT REVERSAL DRILLS
1. Their friends invited us to dinner. We invited their friends to dinner. Hx ,uPY3bR npHfnacwm Hac lIa 06e,D:. Mw npurnacH./IH u" .apylCH H& 06e,ll,. lix. CblHOBbR npnrnacUJIH HaC Ha o6e.u. My Ilpur.IlaCH.rut HX cblHoaeii ua 06e.a. (ux MaTepn, HX .upy3bH, HX ,uO'lb, HX GpaTMI, HX MaTh, HX ,D;O'lepH, HX MyJKMI)
2. Her sons aren't acquainted with him. He's not acquainted with her sons. &: CbIHOBbJi C HIiM He JHaKOMhJ. Ou He JHaKOM c ee CblHOBbAMH. Be MaTh C HJfM He 3HaKOMa. OH He JllaKOM C ee MaTepLIO. (ee ;::J;O'lb, ee .n:PY3MI, ee MYJK, ee .n:O'lepn, ee CblH, ee GpaTbH)
@ISCUSSION 1. The nouns Man. mother and .n:o.... daughter are J(BepL-nOuns with an alternate stem for the Dominative and accusative singular, as opposed to that of all the other cases singular and plural.
.
SINGULAR NOM-ACC MaTb GEN·PREP-DAT M:iTepn INSTR MhepblO
PLURAL ,D;O'lb ,uO'lepH .n:O'lepblO
M:iTepH MaTepCH ACC--GEN o MaTepJix PREP MaTepRM OAT MaTepJlMH IN'TR NOM
Jl:O'lepll Jl:O'lepCH o .n:O'lepRX llO'lepJlM llO'lepltMH
LESSON 17
413
Nole that the instrumental plural of ltO'fb is lto'fepl>.\tH: (like JleTbMil and JUOJlbr.tH:). An alternate fonn llO..epti\fH also exists in conversational Russian. 2. The noun cWH son bas an expanded stem in the plural. It declines as a hard stem in the singular and as a son stem in the plural. PLURAL
SINGULAR
Chili
NOM
cbllla
ACC-GEN
CbIHoaeH
ACC-GEN
o cbllle
PREP
cblHoabH
NOM
PREP
o CbIHOab.MX
OAT
CblHY
OAT
CblHOabJlM
INSTR
CblHoM
INSTR
Cl>lilOabJiM"
Note especially the genitive and accusative plural cwHo.Ci with inserted vowel e and with the of the plural stem written i.
m
3. The nouns JIIicr leaf and Jlepeso tree have expanded stems in the plural, following the declension pattern of 6ph, criIl, and nepO; all such nouns decline as hard stems in the singular and as soft stems in the plural.
PLURAL
SINGULAR
nHCT nHCTII o n"CTe
NOM·ACC OEN PREP OAT
llHeTY
INSTIl
mlCTOM
nepeao nepesa o llepeae llepesy llCpcBOM
NOM·ACC OEN PREP OAT
INSTR
llHCTbR llHCTbes o miCTbRX llHCTbSlM JHfCTbRMIi
llepeSbR llepeSbeB o ,nepeSbRX Jl.epeSbRM llepeObSiMIi
JUtt also means sheet. In this meaning it has a regular plural, for example, o JIM:Tix: )l
MHe HecxOJlbKO
~, JIMcrOB,
1IJIC'T6e 6)'Maru. (Give me a few sheets of paper.)
'1TEHHE H nHCbM6
~~ ~
<>m.-
tuz;
~ . !bwr ~um..
~.~~ ~ m;~
ur Sa- ":J~
fUcn:~
JJ
~ ~ f~ ,f"",~/ ~
J?-a~
U-
~ tJy.tur.
C
9nu7...«.-
OJ~
~ ~ ,f
/Ur...<&,
~
U
~~UUJe
.-.:a=a. /U"~. ~ u ucmiza
v<.£e
U-
H.a.
~ ~ ,(UU-~
~ ~ ~ u-/UK-k, u ~
~ 414
Haoc LESSON 17
4=a
~ u. ~ ~&za e. ~.
..fJ .L-e-e,y
~ ~/ /?Z<7~
/-U
~
ua;
H.~, 24uJZjlCl- u-x ~ ~ ~ ~
ke
~ . Ukar~/*'~ ~ ~ / a Ic:~
lZdo-Xu.e.,.J'~ ~ /'-a;j ~ur.H.e
raem.,
O~ ~ ~-nw- 'o/'-~ ~ " ~ ~
-I ~
U.
tHU<..
~ ~ ~ , a.o ~ u.x
~a'd ,fl~, ~ e.t;a;;-a.<-P-/ 'WYW- ~ ~ u u-x ~ ~ $ ~ j';~ ~~1Ua. -I ~aA Jl~,ffHT'~ ~M4: ~ xo-rn.e.<- ~kn.. J.A~ h:~ ~ U
~~, ~
.-«.tU'JU-
;'Z.QC~a.a2.~
-'U!
fl'ckd~ u~ J~ yna~. ~ /'-tUc¥~ Cd.. H-a ,fl~ u- ~t7~ IU A:4~ J ~ J ~.-:... HHKon:Hi H
-6h1JIH paAbl BH.nCTb CBOHX ,£teTeii: BeLlb oUlI e3JV'1T ./.lOMa" peAKO, TOJlbKO 1:13 KaHHKyJlbL 3a 06enOM OTell roBOpJ.in 0 KOJlX03HblX ,o,cn3X, cnpaWRBaJI CbJHa " .nO'lh, Kax ouii )KIIBYT B MocKBe. nOCJIC o6CJla ram.: c HHKonaCM DOWn" K 6a6ywKc 11 Lle.nytm.::e B coce./.lHee ceno. raID!
-.st
npllCXaJU1 .nOMO" K
p0,IJ.HTeJUlM. POllHTelH1
-
CJIbIwana, liTO Obi C CQCe,[(KOH J],a. c neH If c ee .o:CtqepbfO.
-
Bbl H3 TO )fCC M&:TO e3):{HJUf, rAe Mbl C BaMH 6b1JIH?
BlJCpa fb,lJ.HJlH B Jlee 33 rpH6aMH.
-Aa,
- Hy KaK, MHoro HawlHl rpH66B? - 6. lla! Jt CBapH.n:3 cyn H .a.,a::t::c ucnCKJIa -
BOT K3ld
-
T OJlbKO He HIJ..lIfTe OKono 63CP3: riM rpH60B Hlh. JI,li, Ji 383.lo . TAM HCcKonbKO plb HCKan3 H HH'IerO He H3XO.nHn3.
-
TOftt3.
MhI TO"'C noencM
60JIhllJOH nlfpOr.
B
noc
B
cJle.a.YfOllIee
BOCKpeceUbC.
.st
-
}l,t:TH, nOKa:llCHTe BalliH rpH6bi. ~TOT rp"6 Ii Hallien BOH TaM, no)), .o.epeBOM. ~TO KaK pa3 fIJlOXOU. Bbl6pocb ere H BblTPH pyKIl. A dx TBOH .nella, TaH5I? K3.:lICeTC5I, Hallilla 6e.nble rpH6b"I - TPH 60JIhWHX H JJ:aa ManellbKHx. Ben, CMOTpH. HeT, :ho He 6en:bie, HO mill TOJKe xopeWHe. B03bMeM Jix. BOT JJ:oca.a.a, 'ITO Ji TaKHX He Hawen!
-
HH'Iero, nen, Mhi BeJJ:b TonbKO 'ITO npHllinH B nee. Thi ewe UaH.aellIh.
- .st.
LESSON 17
415
- 31'0 GeJIbl" rpH6, MaMa? - Afl., TaHSI, :ho 6e.rr.blH. nOCMOTpH, Denl. nOMHIUlJb, Mara:nl:He? - ,l),il., nOMHJO. GHH 6bmH O'leHb .JJ;opofue. - I1x Be.a:b TpYJl:HO uaxo.u;HTb. - A r.n:e mill pacry-r?
Mbl BH.a:eJIH TaKHe rpuGhl B
-
non .uepeBb}fMH. HO Ull.uO JUan Mecn\. BOT 6Y.a:eM XO;:U1Tb, H TbT yOHJJ:HWb.
-
MaMa,
-
Y:lKe oJepa BH.n:HO. BH:lKY.
CMOTpH,
- rne? .sf
He
BOH T3M Hanpaoo, 33 nepeBMfMH.
- TIoiiaeM Ty.ua, xopow6? -.sf corm\eHa, H )'iKe YCTana XO.ltUTb n6 ]leey. A KiK rbi, TanS!.? -.A TO)Ke. noit.neM oTlloxueM H3 TpaBc. -
TOJlhKO B03bMeM C caG6" naJu_y, TaM 863J1e 03epa MHoro 3MeH.
-
KaKHX 3Meif? lITo Tbl, TICnl, rOBopHwb fny-nocTH? 31'0 He fnynoeT", npao.a:a, MaMa?
-
-.s1. -
He 3H{UO. TbT ax
.
BH,1.l,en?
-
Hth, HO MHe M)];Sl. AIlerna CXa33..n:. A. t celIO lvi,z:r;l AJIewa CK33a.rr, TO 31'0 npao;:J,a.
-
BaJul, '11'6 y mlc cerOJ1HSI H3 o66n? eyn c nanwoii: II drua. OmiTb? Hey:lKw Thl He MOma coapHTb lfTO-Ull6YAb .Il.pyr6e, HanpHMep yxy?
-
A oTKYAa 11 B03bM)' pbr6y?
..sI
ABa qaCa CTOl1na B Mara3HHe, a KOr)la nPHlDna MOll
oqepe.a:b, PLI6bt Y:lKe He 6btnO. - BM nOCa)l,a! Tb XOqeTCji pbI6bl!
..sI
Ha :hy dwy Y:lKe CMOTpeTb He MOrY -
Bqepa
Kama, CerO.D.Hji Kliwa . ..sI nY'lIne COBceM He 6yJJ.Y 06e.a:aTb. - Hy He ceP.D.HCb, Anewa. nO)l,O:lK)lH, 11 nounY K COCe)lKe, MO:lKeT 6hlTb OHa MHe )laCT pbl6bl. R 3Ua10, Oua )lOCTana. -
MHe Hy:lKHO 3auTH K Ancwe BOJiKOBY. nen, nOH,lJ;Clllb co MHOH?
..sf Te6Ji C HHM
n03HaXOMJIlo. - Arne OH :lKHBCT? - Ha YJlHue T01lCToro. - 3TO JJ:aJleKO oTcIO,Qa? - HeT, MHHyT neC$lTb Hy:lKHO H)lTH. - Hy, 1IanHO, nOH)l,CM. 3TOT B01lKOB, K3.)I{eTCH, HOOblH napeHb, In cena? - J],a., OH MecRU TOMy Ha3an npHexan B ropo.u. 6H MHe HpasHTCH: npocToR TaKO" H BHnHO, qT~ C xopoweu JJ.YlDOH. TaKOMY MO:lKHO BepHTb. - Hy, TbI nyqIIle 6y)lh OCTOp0:lKeH, Thl Be)lh ero ewe MarrO 3HaeWb. - )l.a, 80 Ji 'fyOCTBylO, 'fTO OH xopouurn qenOBeK. 11, 3Haell1b, BCe OpeMji rOBopHTb ce66 «OCTOP0:lKHO,) - :lTO CKy'fHO. Tax :lKHTb Uenb311. 3TO paHbIDe Hallin OTUbI 60li:JHiCb rOBopHTb OTKpbITO, 60li:lIHCb moneil, JJ:aIKe 6J1J1:3nlx 3HaKOMhlX. A Tenepb HH3.'fe, Tenepb Bee CBo60,lJ;HO rODopllT TO, 'fTO nyMalOT. - Hy, :lTO eute He COBeeM TaK, HO, nO:lKa.nyH, Tbl npaD. Ham" OTubl 60HnHCb 60Jlbllie, 'feM Mhl.
416
LESSON 17
-
CJ(3)fCl1Te nO::.KanyHCTa, r,ne KBapnlpa GapHea Ml1xaHllOBH<13 KYPO'iKI1H3? - Ha miTOM ;na>Ke. .sf To",e TiM :lKHBy. HaM rH3.nO I1D.Tlf no JlecTHHue. JUicl>T He pa60TaeT. - A, 3H3KOMaK I1CTOpHJI:. Y HaC B .nOMe Y)J(e qeTWpe MecRua mi
Ji
K3.)J(JlhIH ):leHh
nOcne pa60Tbi .n.OJl)Keu nomTlI
H3Bepx fl3
nAThl"
:n3Jfc. Y:lKe npl1BhlK. -
A Bbl C DOpHCOM MHXaHJlOBHlfeM BMec-re pa66T3eTe? Hh, si TOJ1bKO 'ITO npHexa..n H3 MOCKBbl. Mbl C IiOpHCOM CTapbl.e .nPY3bJl. >1: npuexan ClOna H3 He.nbuo H BOT XOlfY ere )'BH.u.eTb.
-
KbceTcJI 60pHca MHX!lHnOBH'l3 ue-r lleMa. Cry'lY YJKe Olin MHHYr Ax, n3, ou rOBoplin, 'iTO y HHx cero,lllUl K3.K0e-TO co6paaHe.
-
HH'ter6 He nOJJ:e.naeUIb. npUJleTeJl nop;OJKJJ.an.
-
JaxO,llHTe KO
-
60J1bW6e cnacH60. A Ji
-
Ha, 'IT6 Bbi!
-
Obi He 3HaeTe. nO'leMy neTpOB B'Iepa 11 cer6lUU1 He 6bU1 Ha paOOTe? OH O'ieUb oo11eH. Ern JKeHa 3BoHlina 'lac HaJ3.0.. CU3ana, 'ITO 01:1 H 33.BTpa He
-
MHe,
>t
H Hch OTBm.
6cnu xOTiITe. noroBopKM, n03H3.KOMHMCH.
B
MCmaTh '!
npHJJ:eT. - liTO CHUM? Bbi: y Her6 6WH? - Her. Xo'ly 3afrrH nOc.ne pa66Tbl. - A '1T6 er6 :JKeHa cKa3ana? - liTO Y nero Bee 6omh. - Kb Bee? He MOJKeT 6b1:Tb! HaBepHo, 6H np6cTo x6'1eT OT,llOXHYn. -
lIT6 C BaMH? Y BaC '1TO-HH6YAb 6omrr? -.st T011bKO 'ITO yoan H, KbceTCH, CJIOMan ce6e pyKy. -lIT6 Db! rOBOpHTe! J.1,llMTe CKOpCe K Dpa'ly. XOTHTe $I BAM JlOMOry? - Aa, JlO:JKanyHCTa. TI03BoHIhe ,ll6KTOpy 6cHllOBy Ha KBapnipy. Ero HOMep Te11efj>oHa .IlBa-'1eTblpe-nJin.-Wecrb. - A Bbl ,llyMaeTe, OH CeH'IaC ,llOMa? - Aa. Y Hero cerO,llIDI CB066,llHblH )leHh. - >t CeH'I8C n03BoHIO. H.OHM -
-
-
B'Iepa Mbl 6W11H Y COCe,lleH H3 06c,lle. Y lix .n611epH Taint 6blJ1 ,lleUb pOlKlleHHH, HaC K ce6e npHrJJ3cHmf. XOp6WHH 6bl11 o6e,ll? npeKpacHblH! 6blJta yd, DRpor c rpH6aMH, BKYcHI..le 6yJtOllKH, T6pT ... 3TO ,lleHCTBHTenbHo o6e.n! A KaKHe no.napKH 3Ta T aHH OT CDOKX p0.QHTeJleH nonY'ufna! Bbl JJ.aJKe He nOBepHTe! KalClie? H6Bbl.H npOHrpblBarenb, annapar «36plClIH» H aBTOpy..lCy! Bce cpby? HY. 3HaeTe. :ho JIaxe rnyno. }1: C BaMH cornaCCH. >t cBoeii .n6'1epH HHKOrJIa He nOlCynafO Tax MH6ro no.napKOB.
LESSON 17
417
LESSON
PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
npomaH! opomaHTe ! OpomaH, WXOJla! OXOII':leH,-a,--o,-bl BOT M OKOII':leHa lUKOJIa.
cBo66.ua [custV:J]
':IyBCTBO
KaKOe "tYBCT1IO CBOOO/.I.LI!
nOCTyTlHTh (pfv u) nocrynmo, nOC'TjnHwlo, -_T
BY, Tbi CMO*eWlo Cpa3Y B sj3 nocrynHTh. oTmi"tHIUC
Tbl s
OTml"tHHX,
SY3
cM6*eWb CpA3y
nOCTynHTb.
(pfv /ike xOTm) 3m nJia Te61i CBo6O.aa: n.:. 3aXOTeTb
OTmi'fHMK.
ec.m. 38x6"telUlo -
CMO.etm. cpiJy
B By3
1JOCl)'DIin..
npoH3B0J1CTSO paooTaTb ua npoH3B0J1CTBe A Ii .aOJl*eH paOOTaTb lIa
18
npowaii, UJK'ona! farewell! good-bye! Farewell, school! finished, over, done with Well, so school is finished. freedom, liberty . feeling What a feeling of freedom! to enler, enroll, join (an institution); to behave, act college You can enter college immediately. "A" student You're an "A" student; you can go straight on to college. to want, feel like It's freedom for you: You're an "A" student; if you want., you can go straight on to college. production, manufacture to work in a factory But I have to work in a factory.
npmf3BOJlCTBe. uenblH A Ii:
...em..e JIBS rona .nOmlCeH
pa66TaTh Ha 0POH1BOJ:l,CT1Ie. TellHHka
entire, whole But I have to work two whole years in a factory. engineering, technology, technical things, equipment
419
HHTCpeCOBllTbCSI (I) (plus instr) mrrepecylOcb, HHTepecyewbCSI, -IOTCSI Tbi 8cern3. mrrepecoSMcSl
TCXHlucoii. Ho BeJU>. T'br 8cerJ.ti HHTepe(OWCII TexHMKoi. MJiCO M"CO~OM6HH3.T
A MSicOXOMGHH3.T'1
nono:&:JUi, TOmi. _ M'IICOKOM6Mn8T? JJ.ltpelITOP nOMolllHHk nOMOWH.lnC
JJ.ltpCkTopa
Y TeG.li n\M ecTb 3Hax6MblH, nOMOLUl:Htk
llHpCkTOpa.
cAM nOMowHHIC J,l,HpeICTOpa
Y Te6ti TalM
ecn.
3HaKoMhlii, calM IIOMOlQllHK ~KTOpa.
y:«e Hth (y:lIce He)
Er6 )"ICe Tfw nth. rAe-TO Eri pre TiM aa, rne-TO II .npyrOM Mecre
pa60nurr.
Ha)"UfTbCSI (pfv II) (plus dat) Ha}"lYCh, Hay.,HWbCSI, -aTCSI 4eMy Ji TflM Ha),,!YCb'1 BeC paDHO
H. ace punG. n_)"Iyeh?
"teMY
li
TiM
pa66'{HH, --ero npaCTOH paM',"H Be,ll:b Metui fIJJOC'fhtM pa600fKM lIOUlJIH)T.
BeeenblH (adv DOCeJIO) Deceno )].a, 3TO He Bereno. .:lTO
oc66eHHblH
)la. iTO He oc06eHHo aecem,. 6WCTpblH
Hy, mrteI"o. )lai rO.a.a opoiJ:tYy 6hlcrpo. (I) ycrp6HTb (pfv II)
:«lbHb
"OTOM
nOTo.\I T'br YcrpOlll1II> caotO 83m., KaK 3li1XO"teuu..
420
LESSON 18
to be interested in You've always been interested in technical things. But you've aJways been interested in technical things. meat meat-packing plant What about the meat-packing plant? Wait a minute, Tolya; what about the meatpacking plant '1 director assistant, aide assistant director You do have a friend there, the assistant director. the assistant director himself You do have a friend there, the assistant director himself no longer, not any longer (or more) He's not there anymore. somewhere He's not there anymore; he works somewhere else. to learn What will I learn there '1 anyway, it doesn't matter And anyway, what will I leam there? worker unskilled worker, ordinary worker Arter all, they'll send me as an ordinary worker. merry, lively, gay, jolly it's fun Yes, that's no fun. special, particular Yes, that's no particular fun. quick, fast, rapid Well, never mind. Two years will go by quick.ly. life to arrange, establish, organize, tu up afterward, later on, then Later on you'll arrange your life the way you want to.
What good is "later on" to me? y'l HTbC.Il (Il) Y'lHTbC.Il B By3e
Mile y*e
Tellepb XO'lC'rC1l y
Lo learn, study to go to college I want to go to college noW.
B Byle. npo
"aICfIo Thr XO'fCllJb noJIyqHn.
profession, calling, skill, lrade to enter a profession, learn a Irade, acquire a skill What profession do you want to enter?
opo~CMIO?
HmKellCp CT8.n. (pfv I), CT3H)', CTauelllb, -yr Tw XO'leWb criTb HmKCuepoM? Bee eme xO'ternb crin. ""lI'ettepoM?
Me'min. (J) Hfi, Ii 06
:hOM
60JlbWC DC MeomUo.
'tT66b1 [~t6bil or ~t~biJ t.fn)6y crin. MlnlteHCpoM, HYmro Olin. . }"IMn.c:t:.
..e-r
c.miWKOM
to dream No, I don't dream of that anymore. in order to, to In order to be an engineer you've got to study for five years.
too
CJ1HlllKOM :)1'0
engineer to become, get, grow; stop Do you want to become an engineer? Do you still want to become an engineer?
Aonro.
npaKTHKa Ike-TaKM noJlj
That's too long. practical experience, practice Anyway, you'll gain practical experience.
B~f1
for nothing, grads, with no return, in vain, to no avail to be lost, missing, wasted; to perish The time won't be totally wasted.
" la'leM Te6e npo~MH?
And what do you need a profession for?
MeCTC'lKO (var of MecTO) Tennoe MeCTC'lKO yCTp6HTbC.Il (pfv II), yCTp6IOCb, yCTp6HWbC.Il, -JiTC.Il R. XO'lY yCTp6HTbC.Il Ha TemlOe MeCTC'lKO. rllllBHblH rnaaHoe rmiBHoe - yCTp6HTbC.Il Ha Tennoe MecTC'IKO. 3HaK6McTBO no 3HaK6MCTBY
spot, place, job; small town a sort spot, a nice cushy job to get a job, to get settled, to get fixed up (or established) I want to get myself a nice cushy job.
JIapoM nponaCTb (pfv 1) (like ynacTb) lie nponllJl,eT lllipoM
rnaBUQe - YCTp61lTbC.Il no 311aK6MCTsy Ha Tennoe MecTe'lKo. Haot8.Tb (pfv I) (past Hhan, -0, -H, [f] Ha'lana; fut HalfHY, Ha'lHeUIb, -jT) 3apaMTblsaTb (I)
main, chief the main thing The main thing is to get yourself set up in a nice cushy job. acquaintance, familiarity by knowing the right people, through friends The main thing is to get yourself set up in a nice cushy job by knowing the right people. to start, begin to earn (or make) [money)
LESSON 18
421
MHt~ XO'ieTeli Hal.faTb 3upaGaTblaaTb. rmiBHoe TClUIoe
•
I want to start earning [money]. The main thing is to gct yourself set up in a nice cushy job by knowing the right people and start earning good [money).
yCl])OHThCSI 110 JllaKOMCTBY H8
Mecre
Japa6an.lB8Tb.
senus
cePbeJHblH Han,ClITbC" (I) (Ha plus acc) Han.eJOCb, n:, iTO He cepLbHO rOBOpHuu..
to hope, count on, rely on I hope you'rc not serious in saying that.
Hk, cepLbuo.
Yes, I am.
.st ca.\'!
I myself want to do just that. Yes, I am serious. That's what I want to do.
Tb cne.rtaTh. Hfh, CepWHO• .st CliM XO
CAenan., ,nCHbrH, JJ;CHCr (pi only) 60JlbWHe JJ;CHbrH .st GYIlY 3apa6ciTb16aTb 60Jlbwlie lleHbr". MawHHa CJ)lIlTb Ha MaluHHc ..s1 XO'lY e3llHTb Ha CaOeH MlllllHHC. IiYJl.Y Japa6aiT1>1BaTL 60JlbUJKC .o.CHbrH, f:J,!l,HTb Ha CRotK MaUlKIIC,
money good money, lols of money I'll be gaking good money. car, machine to drive a car, go by car , want to drive my own car. I"I! be earning good money [and] driving my own car. success, luck to wish to wish someone luck Well, I wish you luck.
ycncx ;«eJTaTb (I) )KeJT3Tb XOMY-HH6y.nb ycnexa
HY, :«emuo Tooe )·cuexa. SUPPLEMENT
.nenaTb 60Jlbrnlie ycncxH
to do very well, to make excellent progress He's doing very well in Russian.
0" !tenaeT 60Jlbwlie ycnexli B
pyCCKOM 1I3blXC. MHC Bee paBHO
Tbl onOJ.naewb Hll JleXlI,Hlo. - Mile BCe paBlI6. MeJJ.,JlCHHblH:
wno nlK MeJJ.,JlCIIllO. JallHMaTbC" (I) (pIllS instr), 3aHHMalOCb, --eWbC", ~IOTC5I
BpCM5I
Oil
, don't care, it's all the same to me, it makes no difference to me You'll be late to the lecture. I don't care. slow The time went very slowly. to busy oneself, to occupy oneself, to study He's studying Russian.
JallHMaCTC5I PYCCKIIM R3b1XOM.
llpOlUaii, lIIKOJla B. -
B. A.
422
BHKTOp
A. -
AHaroJlHH: (TOJlR)
H.- J1ropb
BOT H OKOU'IeHa wKona. KaKOe '1yBCTBO c806onhl! 2 3-ro lUISI Te6li cBo6ona: TbJ OTJ1II'fHHK, OCnH JaXO'leWb - CMO)KeWb cp,by B ByJ nocTym"tTb. 1 A li ltenble ltsa ro.na llomKeH paHbwe pa60T8Tb H8 npoHJBOltCTBe. 2 LESSON 18
B.
3 Ho oelll.. TbJ DCer.lla HHTepeCOO:lllCSI TCXU!-lKOH.
11.
4 nOLl,O)K.llH, TOM, a MSfCOKOM6IfHilT? Y Te6si TaM ecn, 3HaKOMbIH, CaM nOMOWHIfK Ll,upeKTopa.
A.
5
Ero Y:iKe TetM
mIT,
fn.e·To 0 npyroM MecTe pa60T3.eT. 11, Bee paOIlO, oteMy si TaM
HayotyCb? Ben.b MeHH npocTWM pa600tHM nowmOT. B.
6 Jl.a, :ho He OC06eHHO aecellO. Hy, HHoterO, n.B3 ron.a npoHn.jT 6bJCTpO, a nOTOM yCTpOHWb COOIO :iKH3I1b. Kfuc 3aXO'leWb.
A.
7 4TO MHe (mOTOM»? Mlte}':iKe Tenepb XOoteTC$! yotHTbCSI B Bj3eP
11.
8 A KaKYro Tbl XOoteWb nOllY'lHlb npo
A.
9 Hlh, si 06 :hOM 60llbwe He Me'lTalO. 4T06bl CT3Tb HH:iKeHCpOM, Hy:iKHO nJiTb lleT Y'IHTbC}I. 3TO CllHWKOM nOllfO.
B. 10 Bce-TaKH nOllY'IIIWb npaKTIIKY -
BPCM$! He npOnaJ.l.eT napOM.
11. II 11 3aQCM Te6e npo¢eccIISI? rmlBHoe -
YCTPO~lTbCSI no 3HaKOMCTOY Ha TenJlOe
MeCTCQKO, l'Ia'lan.. xopOWO 3apa6aTblBaTb.~
A. 12 HanetoCb, Tbl :ho He cepbe3HO rOBOpIIWb.
H. 13 HCT, cepbe3Ho.
11
CaM XOoty T3K CnenaTb. 6yItY 3apa6aTbIOaTb 60llbwJ.ie ACHbfll,
C3.IIHTb Ha COOCH MaWltHe.
B. 14 Hy, :iKellalO Te6e ycnexa!j
NOTES
I BYl is comparable to an American college or university; the word itself is another example of one fonned from initial letters, in this case, Bwcwee yote6Hoe lueAcHHe higher educational institution.
2 All high school graduates with the exception of OTmI'fH"KH "A" students are
required to do two years of manual work, usually at a factory or kolkhoz, to which they are assigned by the government. J
Compare the three Russian verbs meaning to sllldy: y'tKTbI y'tKTbCSI, and
laHHMaThcR.
51 y'fY pyCCKHH JlJbIK. 51 y'lyCb pyCCKOMy S13blKY.
.st 3aHHM31OCb PYCCKHM JlJblKOM.
I'm studying Russian. I'm studying Russian . I'm studying Russian.
The verb y'llin. usually implies assiduous study and memorization, Le., real effort: st y'fj i11l pycclOle CJlosa Fm studying these Russian words. The verb)"llin.a is broader in its meaning: st )"fjCl. ttrpan. B WliXMUW Fm learning how to play chess; CWH y'OfTCfI 'Orrin. My son is learning to read. The verb J&IDI.\oIan.csil indicates study on a higher level, usually in connection with a specific field or discipline: OM laHH....aeTCfI 4tHJMt..-oii He's studying physics; OM JaHll\olaeTCfI WCTOptfeii KMTa. (or OM cnettMa.micr no McrOpHH KKniiR) He's doing research on the history of China (or He's a specialist in the history of China). Note that while xoJI]in. a WK6Jry may be used in the sense to attend school, one cannot use the verb xo.a.m in reference to a college or university. Compare OH LESSON
18
423
y'fttTCH (or JaHKMaeTCH) B ByJe He goes 10 college; OK y"tKTCH (or J3I1KMaeTCJI) B yKHBepcKme He attends the university; with Oil xoJJ,tfr B UlKony He goes to school. The notion of TCDJloe MecTli"tKO means not only a sinecure or easy job, but often one in which the person can make a little extra money on the side through bribery or illegal dealings. 4
5 The verb "'emil... is used with the dative for the person (to whom it is wished) and with the genitive for the thing wished. Such expressions as cnoK'6iiHoH 1l0"tH, Bcero xOpOwero, and C"t8CTmiBoro uyni are all in the genitive case and have been shortened from the longer phrase containing the verb ",enaTh: )KenalO aiM (Tdie) cnoKoiinoii 1l0'fH I wish you a restful night. PREPARATION FOR CONVERSATION
BC'lCpHHKa npoma.rlhHblH npoW8nbHa.Sl BC'lepHHKa Y Hac 6Y.lJ.eT npoUlanbHa~ Be'lep~lHKa. c66p B c66pe KlbKcTCA, Bee y",e Broope.
He-r,
Ona
ClI.le He npHWJla,
npollU1JlbH3S Be'lepHHK3 party (informal evcning gathering) farewell (adj) farewell party We're going to have a farewell party. gathering, assembly together, present, here I guess everybody's here now. No, Olya hasn't come yel.
Dllli 3BOmiJl3, npHJl.CT IIeM"HOrO n03",e.
She phoned. She'll come a little later.
)KeHltX, -a; -H, -OB 11 ]llaeTe C KeM? Co CBoHM "'CKHXOM,
fiance, bridegroom-to-be And you know with whom? With her fiance.
BhlXO.lJ.HTh 3aMy'" Pa3Be OHa BbIXO.lJ.HT JaMy)K? C "'et:tHXOM? Pa3Be oua BblXO.lJ.HT Ja,\1YiK?
to get married (said of women only) You mean she's getting married? With her fiance? You mean she's getting married?
3-ro
That's news even to me.
H .lI.JI.H Memi lIOBOCTb.
c'ulcTbe [~a~ui 1 .ll.aBam·e Bblnl.eM ]8 ee c"t9crl.e.
happiness, luck Let's drink 3 toast to her happiness! Let's do that!
6yJ:tYUlce, -era A TeDep~ - Ja uame 6YJJ.Ywee,
future And now, to our future.
HanHTb (pfv I), HaJlblO, HanhCWl., -lOT HllJIeii MHe end'; 8Hua, Baml.
wine to pour, fill (by pouring) Pour me some more wine, Vanya!
epH3HK C06HpaTbC.II (I), c06HpalOCb, -eWbC.ll, -IOTCIf Mbl co6HpaeMc.ll 6bITb epH3HKaMH. Mbi C HS.lJ.eii c06HpaeMcH 6thl. 4I1iJHK3MH,
physicist to plan, intend, prepare, get ready; to gather, assemble We're planning to be physicists. Nadya and I are planning to be physicislS.
BtlHO, -8; BHHa, BHH
A Thl,
6op~,
KCM XO'leWb 6blTb? Y'lellhl~, -oro
424
LESSON 18
How about you, Borya, what do you want to be? scientist. scholar, learned man
How about you, Borya, what do you wanl to be, a scientist? astronaut, cosmonaut I want to be a cosmonaut. would like I'd like to be a cosmonaut.
KOCMOH3.BT
.R xo"y
6blTh KOCMOIl3.BTOM.
6b1 [xatelbiJ 6bI 6hrn. I\:OCMOtUIBTo.\f.
XOTe.n
A
XOTen
M3.CJI0
nepe,miTb (pfv like llATh) (past nepeaa.Jl, -
nOJleTeTb BOKpyr
3eMJUt
"JIM IIpliMO
Mape? HC CT6HT
Ha Mapc He CTOKT. TaM TcY...e *IOH" HeT.
buncr to pass, hand, give, pass on Pass me the buner. sausage Pass me the sausage. Pass me the butler and sausagc. to ny Mars You want to fly to Mars? earth, land around You want 10 fly around the Earth? You want to fly around the Earth, or straight to Mars? it's not worthwhile, why bother, it's DO use No use going to Mars; therc's no life there either.
lUYrKa
joke That joke's already an old one.
canen
napkin Vitya. hand me the napkins.
:no y-...e crapu mjTKa. BHT5I, nepe.naii
MHe C81l~".
nCiKan, (II), JleiKY, nC)IOIWb, -aT
ncpen (or nepe.o:o) (plus inslr) 011" ncpe.o: ToOOii nc»:aT. "pacHYThC$( (pfv I), npocIlYct.,
to be lying in front of, before They're lying in front of you. to wake up
npoCHeWhC$(, -yTCH
BHnl1!! npocfUicb 1 J3nyM3TbC" (pfv I)
Vitya, wake up! to become lost in thought, fall into reverie, daydream Vitya, wake up! What were you daydreaming about?
pelUllTb (pfv II), peluy, pelUHlUb, -AT )l3 lie MOry pelIIlITb, KY.nA tt.fHe 11J1n1. HIlK3.K (He) .aa HHtnb. He MorY peunITt., KYll.a M..e HJITJi.
10 decide, make a decision Why, I can't decidc where I ought to go. by no means, in no way (lit. nohow) J can't for the life of me decide where I ought to go.
IIIITepecOe3Tb (I), HllTCpecjJo,
to interest
IfHTepecyewb, -lOT
Mcml Bee HHTepecYer.
Everyt.hing interests me. LESSON
18
425
~tIlCntTYT
MblCJlb (I) XOpOUJali MWcnb.
institute teachers college Enroll in a teachers college. department of Iitcrature to study literature maybe, perhaps, possibly Where should I enroll? Perhaps in a teachers college, to study literature? idea, thought That's a gopd idea.
H TO*C TYlla aYMaJQ.
I'm thinking of going there, too.
npeno.n303Tenb (m) n~M6e.\1)" 6brn. npeoollalUhelleM o"tetu.
teacher, instructor In my opinion, being a teacher is very interesting.
ne,(J.Jo1HCTHTYr (gcdins\itut] nOCTynaH D neJ.tHllcTHTy-r.
mrrcf>ax H3 mlT
KtfTepmw. SUPPLEMENT
XHMHK A XO'fy CTaTb XHMHKOM. HCT6pHK A XO'fy C'T3Tb HCTOpHKOM. TexHHK 6H cr3.HCT TCXHHKOM. HaYxa MeHI1 IlHTepecy.oT TO'lHble HaYKH, BM Te6e HayKa! Hay'fHblii 6H nHUleT llaY'lIl)'lO pa6oT)'. npenO.!laB8Tb (I) (like llaohb) 6H npenollaeT PYCCKMH S!3.bIK. OK6H'IIlTb (pfv u) 611 OKOH'IIlJl By3.!tBa r6lla TOMy Ha3M. npocblOhbCR (I) A 06';1'1110 npocblOalOcb B WCcTb. np6WJlbli'i 01111 npMexaJtH 113 npownOH Hellene. np6wnoe, -oro 3a6Y.!tb 0 np6wnoM! nHTepaTypllbli'i 8w 'lHTaeTe «11MTepaTyPHylO n13thy»?
Bepa
HaM
Ka)l{eTCH, BCe
Bepa
2 OHa
426
I..fSSON
3BOHJtna.
18
)')iCe
B
chemist I want to become a chemist. historian I want to become a historian. technician He'll be a technician. science, knowledge. study. lesson The exact sciences interest me. Let thai be a lesson to you! scientific, scholarly He's writing a scientific (or scholarly) work. to teach, instruct He teaches Russian. to finish, graduate from He graduated from college two years ago. to wake up I usually wake up at six. past, last They arrived last week. lhe past Forget about the past! literary Do you read the Literary Gazette?
HBaH (BaHM)
BliKTop (BHTfl)
c60pe. Herr, Oml eute
He
SOpHC (SoPS!)
npllwm'i.
npHJleT HeMHoro 1l03lKe. H 3HaeTe
C
KeM? Co
CBOHM
)KeHHXOM. 2
Binul
3 C )l(CH'tXOM? P33SC OHa BblXOJJ.JtT 33My)l(?
BHTH
4 31'0
SOPS!
5 BblnbeM. A Tenepb -
BaliS!
6 BOT Mbl C HaJJ.cH c06HpaeMCS! 6bITb cPH3HKaMH.4 A Tbl, Sopsr, KeM x.o'lewb
H AJUI
6brrb? SOPS!
MCHH HOSOCTb. ):laslHin SblnbCM 3a 3a
ee C
Harne 6Yaymee. Haneu ~iHe eLUe BHHll, Bam.. J
Y'IeHbIM?~
7 Her, oR xOTen 6bl 6bITb KocMoHasToM. nepeJIaH Mfle MaCnO
H
Kon6acy.
CnacH60.
Ha.w.
8 KOCMOHasTOM? BOKpyr 3eMmi XOqClUb noncTCn fum npoRMo na Mapc?
BaliS!
9 Ha Mapc He CTOHT, TaM TO)l(C )KH3HH He,. ...
HaAS! 10 3TO y)l(e CTapaS! wYn~a.6 BHT.sl, nepeA3.H MHe CaJ1cPeTKH, omi ncpe.a T060» nC)l(3T. BHTH!!! npoCHHCb! Tbl 0 IteM 3aJIYM3JlC.sl? BHTH 1I ):la IUfKciK He MOry pelUHTb, Ky.na MHe Jt.nTH: MCH.R BcC HHTCpecyCT. B neJJ.HHCTJ'Iljr "ITO RH, Ha RHT!pb?7 Bepa 12 XOpOWa5I MbICJlb! o'lellb J.1HTCpeeUO. 8 NOTES
R
TO)KC TYJJ.3 JJ.YMalO. nO-MOeMy, 6wTb npenoJJ.ashcncM
I Russians use the word ae.. .e p to mean both evening and parly. In the latter sense. abrep refers to a formal or institutional evening gathering. For a private party, however, Be
.sl n03HaKOMHJlCSl c HliM B KJIy6e
I met him at a 'party at the club.
BC'tepe. np"xollihe K
Come to a pony at our place.
118
Hiw
Ha Be
The word ...etnix fiance, bridegroom-lo-be and neaecra fiancee, bride-lo-be have come back into official usage, following the return of the tradition of engagements in the U.S.S.R. In an effort to discourage church weddings, the Soviet government has been trying to make civil wedding ceremonies more attractive and has even established special ,lI,BOpubt C
l The Russian language is rich in variants of names which reflect the attitude or relationship of the speaker to the pe~n named. Thus BIO."TOp may be called BKnI informally, BKn.K8 to show superiority or contempt, or BKTetlbK8 to show af· rectionale regard. Similarly, HBU is called BUR, BUbK'a, or Balle-tKa; HH..Wlaa becomes KoJUl, K6.rJbK8. and K6.rJe"tKa (or KOneHbKa). Om.ra is informally called OJiH and affectionately OJte'tKa; Bepa is affectionately Bepo'lKa, but pejoratively BepKa; 60ptk is infonnally GOpR, pejoratively oopbKa, and affectionately 6Ope
• Many CTOn-nouns designating professions may apply to women as well as to men: QHa ¢lItJU.K. QHa XOpOWH" opa't.
She's a physicist. She's a good physician.
LESSON 18
427
TOBapiuu Opn6Ba - np0
to
Comrade Orlov (f) is a professor of mathematics. She's a chemist. She's a great specialist.
Note that Russian uses the pronoun KYO while English uses what in referring or professions:
w~rk
KTO OM, XHMJlK?
KCM Tht X6'lellib 6blTb? KCM TM CTaHCWh, ItH:lKeHepoM?
What is he, a chcmist? What do you want to be? What arc you going to be, an engineer?
(; "Ha Mapa: ro)Ke )KH3HH Hth" is the punch line from a recent space-age anti-Soviet joke. A cosmonaut, on returning from Mars, is asked if there is any life there and replies, "No, there's no life on Mars either." 7 ne)].HIICTHTYT (short for nClJ,arOrH'IecKHH H1ICTlfTjT) serves the same function as an American teachers college. Students in the ne~HIICTHTYT specialize in one field only. For example, Vera hopes to major in literature, i.e., enroll in the department of literature nOCT)'IDfTb lIa JIHTclJaK (full form JIHTcpaTYpUIJIH c1JaKYJIbTtIT). 8 The term npeuoJ.1aBa:rem. is applied to instructors at the secondary or university level. The rank of IIPCIIO~aB:iTem. is used at the university level for an instructor without an advanced degree who teaches basic or introductory courses. The term y'lHTeJIb, on the other hand, is limited to the elcmentary and secondaryschool levels, or refers to a teacher who gives private lessons, for example, in music or dancing.
Basic sentence patterns I. Moj.i ,1vi,lt)J GbEn _______ ______ ______ ______
HH)KeHepoM. XHMJlKOM.
neJUlHCTH"ljTa. _ _ _ _ _ _ npen01J,aOaTCJleM ItCTOpltJl.
2. 611 6LIJI nOMOllllIHKOM J'l:JlpeKTopa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npoepeccopa. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ opa'la. 3. Tbl HIlTepecYeUlbcSl ________ ________ ________ ____________ _________ ________ _________
iKH3HhfO 0 Konxo3C? JlCTOpItCH? xHMHeif? rcorpaeplfeii?
428
LESSON 18
My uncle was an engineer.
______ a chemist. ______ a physicist. _______ a historian ______ the director of a teacher's college. _-,a history teacher. He was the dircctor's assistant. _ _ _ the professor's assistant. _ _ _ the doctor's assistant. Are you interested in life on the kolkhoz? ____________ history? _________ chemistry? ______________ geography? ______________ physics? _________ Iiterature? _________ this work? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a job in the meatpacking plant?
4. 51
C0611palOCb criTb Bpa'iOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HH:lKeHep<>M. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TeXIIHKOM.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ KOCMOliaBTOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npenO.QaBaTCJICM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Y'leUblM. 5. KeM Oil pa66TaCT?
- Oil
paOOTaeT saxTipoM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ IIOCH.nbWIIXOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ U1o$epoM.
_______ aAMHHlIcTpaTopoM. _ _ _ _ _ _ ceKpeTapeM.
6. 51
Haxo:lKy:ho HHTepemlolM.
_ _ _ _ _ TpY.llH blM . _ _ _ _ _ _ nerKHM. _ _ _ _ _ _ B03MO)l(UbIM. _ _ _ _ _ _ IICB03MO>KHblM.
7.
Oil
KaJanCH CTIipblM. _ _ _ _ _ MOJlOm:tM. _ _ _ _ _ cHMllanf'llfblM.
_ _ _ _ crpaHHblM. _ _ _ _ _ cnOKOihlblM.
8.
3TOT 'lCJIOBeK MHe KfuKeTCH rJlyublM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ YMHblM.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6eJn.YUlK.blM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CHMnaTlf'lH.blM.
____________ Hec'fa.CTHMM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3HaICOMhlM.
9.
Bon CTana XOJlOAHOii:. _ _ _ _ _ ropJi'leii:.
I find this interesting. _ _ _ difficult. _ _ _ easy_ _ _ _ _ possible. _ _ _ _ impossible.
He seemed old. _ _ _ _ young. _ _ _ _ Dice. _ _ _ _ strange. _ _ _ _ quiet. That man seems ______ _____ _____ _____ ______
stupid to mc. intelligent_. heartless _ likable _ unhappy __ familiar _
_ _ _ _ _ renJloii:. _ _ _ _ ICpacuoii:.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,ed_
_ _ _ _ _ c,iuciL
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ blue. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ black.
Duu
'l~PIIOli.
6WlH MOJIO.llhtMH epa'faMH.
_ _ _ _ _ XOpOWHMH
cnelUl3miCTaMH.
_____ CTapblMH 3HaKOM.bfMH. _ _ _ _ _ npelCpaCHl>IMU
neBll3.MlI.
_ _ _ _ _ CTapWMlI JlJOJl.bMH. II.
What kind of work does be do? He works as a custodian. _ _ _ _ _ portcr. ______ chauffeur. ______ administrator. _ _ _ _ _ secretary.
The water became (or turned) cold. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hot. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ wann.
_____ 10.
I plan to become a doctor. engineer. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a technician. _______ a cosmonaut. _ _ _ _ _ _ a teacher. _______ a scientist. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ an
08
6blJl 3HaKOM C TOJlcThiM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C 4aHK08CKHM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C ManOeCICHM. _ _ _ _ _ _ C J],OCToeecICHM. ______ C
rOpbKHM.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ c TOJlCTbtMlI. _ _ _ _ _ _ C J],OCToCBCKHMH.
Thcy were young doctors. _ _ _ _ good specialists. _ _ _ _ old acquaintances. _ _ _ _ excellent singers. _ _ _ old people. He was acquainted _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
with with with with with with wilh
Tolstoy. Tscbaikovsky. Mayakovsky. Dostoevsky. Gorky. the Toistoys. the Dostoevskys. LESSON 18
429
What color is your car'? Black and white. _ _ _ green. _ _ _ blue. _ _ _ _ yellow.
12. KaK6ro IJ,llha BaWa MawHlla'?
-
4epHaSl c 6C.nhIM. _____ c JCJIeHhlM. _____ c CJ.lHUM. _____ C JKeJITblM.
13. KaKoro uBtha BaW
KOC~M '?
What color is your costume? White and (or with) red. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ blue. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dark blue.
- 6e.nhlH C KpaCHhlM. _ _ _ _ C rOJIy6~IM. ____ c cnHHM. 14. 3aHnJ.lTe KO MHe nepeJl 06enOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ncpen 3K3<1MCHOM. _______ uepen ypOKOM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nepeJl JICKl..I,Heil:. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nepeJl KOIIl.\epToM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nepen pa6oToH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nepeJl c06paHHeM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ nepeJl lIa'lanOM Kami.xyJI.
15. nepe.n. Mara3HlIOM M<1cca JII{),lI,eH. ___ J.n.<1HHCM'-
_
_ _ JlBephMH'_ _ ,l10MOM _ _ dcco»
_ _ _
_ _ ropcoacToM
_
___ rocniHHucil
_
16. KaK
T~l :lTO yCTpOHJI? _ _ _ _ _ Japa6onlJl?
peWH.n '? _ _ _ _ _ HaIllen?
_ ~_ _
Drop in to see me _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
before before before before before before before before
dinner. the exam. the lesson. the lecture. the concert. work. the meeting. the beginning of vacation.
Thcre are lots of people in fronl of the store. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the building. the doors. _ _ the house. _ the box office. _ the city hall. _ the hotel. How did you arrange it? ______ earn it?
_ _ _ _ _ nOTepsin ?
_ _ _ _ _ decide (or solve) it? _ _ _ _ find it? _ _ _ _ _ Iose it?
T~t HI1KOl')la He Hay'lI1IllbcSr. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ yCTpOHWbCll. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npOCHeWbCll. ________ c HeH He
You'll never learn anything that way. _ _ _ _ _ _ meet her _
17. TaK
_ _ _ _ gct a job _ _ _ _ _ wake up
nOJlIaKOMHWbCJl.
18. MHe lie XO'lel'CSI npocbIITaThCSI. _ _ _ _ _ _ C06Hp
_______ inlM JaHHMaTbCJl. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Y'lHThCll. _ _ _ _ _ _ BOJBpamaThCSI . _ _ _ _ _ _ Ca;:ufThCSI.
_______ c Heli 3HaKOMHThCSl. 19.
Ji neMlioro
nocItmo.
611
nocnHT. nocmiT.
QHJ.l
QHa HeMHoro nocnamL
6H 430
nocn
LESSON I 8
l don't feel like ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
waking up. getting ready. doing (or studying) that. studying. going back. sitting down. meeting her.
['II take a little nap. . He'll take They'll take . She look a little nap. He took'.
20. Kormi BY 06bl'lHO npocblmleTecb'1 -c-- TbJ npocblnaewbcSl? .sf 06Y'IlIO npocb.lnfuocb B ceMb. MbI _ _ npocblnaeMC5l _ OHii _ _ npocblnaIOTcSl
_
He'll wake up soon, They'll wake up I just woke up. She woxe up. Thcy _ _ woke up.
21. 611 CKOPO npocHeTOI .. 011" _ _ npocnjTcJI. .sf TOnbKO 'ITO npocHyncSI, aHa ami
npoCHynacb, npocHyJ1lICb.
22. Dopa6oTaif HCMlIoro! Docn" HeMHoro t
_
Do a little bit of work! Take a little nap! Dance a bit! Live there for a while! Slay with me! Sit awhile! or Slay awhile! SlaY in bed awhile! or Lie down for awhile! Go for a little stroll! Walk a bit!
nOTalluYH HeMHOro! OOIllaR T3M ueMHoro! Oo6YJlb co MHO"! OOCH,ll;R lleMHoro! nonC)KR neMHoro! Oorymiif HeMHoro! nOXO./11i IICMHoro!
23. By y'lHTecb pyCCKOMy S1JblKj? ?
Tbl Y"lHWbCSl
.sf
}"IyCb allrnRi1cKoMy S1JbIKY. 6" y'lHTCSlL _ OIlR y'laTcSlL _
24,
When do you usually wake up? _ _ do you wake up? I usually wake up at seven. W e - wake up _ They _ wake up _
.sf
MHoroe y:man. Ty MHoroMy Ray.rnwbC5l. My 0 MlloroM rOBopli:mt. .sf 1(0 MlloroMY npHBbnc_ ORa Mllororo 601fTot. Ona co Mllon!..\f lie COrn8.CHa.
25 . .sf :ho nepe)laM BaweMy JHaJCOMOMy. _ _ _ _ _ _ oaWHM 31l3KOMblM. _ _ _ _ _ _ DaWeit JllaKoMoH. _ _ _ _ _ _ l:IalllHM pa60'lHM.
Are you studying (or learning) Russian? Are you studying (or learning) ? I'm studying (or learning) English. He's studying (or learning) _ They're studying (or leamingl-. J found out a lot or I learned a lot. You'llleam a lot. We talked about a lot of things. I'm used to a lot of things_ She's afraid of a lot of things. There's a lot she doesn't agree with.
I'll pass this on to _______ _______ _______
your friend. your friends. your friend. our workers.
Pronunciation practice: clusters beginning with the letters c and 3 Ousters begiDn.ing with the letter c. A. c
+ c: =
long c
(ssoQij] C COlleH with Sonya [~¢v:)m] C CtBOM with the sowing [ssaI3m] C canoM with fat
(nh;aij] C clilleH with blue [ssup3m] C cynoM with soup
LESSON 18
431
B.c+J=longJ
[Hirn6j] C 3ltMOH with winter (wQi] C38.Jm from behind
[m yi~tiu J C 3aSItCTbK> with envy [zz6I:lt:lm] C 36noToM with gold
[zzoni] C 36Hbl from the zone {zziV3tl C3blS3.Tb to call together
~i1;)m]
[~irin6j} C
C.c+w=longw [ra~~i~it~J pacurn6HTbC~
to break to pieces ~~it]
CWHTb
to sew [~Mr:lml
C wapoM with a ball ["utk:ljj C WYncOH with a joke
D. c +
'* =
'1=
(s~r~uu]
C WCpcTblO
with wool
[p:lffimaU nQC)KHMaTb to squeeze together [fiapbj] C ",a6KoH with a small toad [W~tiu]
C )l(WrblO
with a tin plate [zzin6j) C :lKeuM with wife
UJ'I(uU
~~Ui]
c'Iacn.e happiness [SCitAU C'IItTItTb to count [nasc6t) ltaC'IeT concerning [i~ci~lal1 Ilc'IllcmiTb to calculate
J
[~imadan;}ml C
[rn~is:iU
paC'IeclTb to comb apart ~sbj] C '13WKOH with a cup [~uZim] C'I)')KltM with a foreign [~ciSlim] C '1IICTblM with clean
Chasten beginoing with tbe letter A.· 3 +
llIHpHHOii with the width [ra~sitij] pacwHTblii embroidered
long '*
[Hit] C)l(HTb worry to death [illrnm] C )l(apoM animatedly [fiutbj] C )l(y,'Koii with horrible [zzir:lm] C )I(HPOM with fal E. c+
C llJltnOM with an awl lfXl~~iblitl nOCWlt6aTb 10 knock down [~sapbj] C wanKoH with a cap
'1eMoJIiHOM
with a suitcase [scilavebm] C '1enOBtKOM with a man (Qi~mJ OM C'lCM with nothing
J.
= long J
"3 33BHCTH from envy [izzo 00I 1t3 366a from the craw
[izza yi~ti]
[iz.z.a(1Y.l) 1t3 :sapeBa from the glow [izz6ni) "3 36ubl from the zone
(iHima] 1t3 Jepua from grain IraHivat~]
pa3JeaaTbCJI
to yawn
B.3+c=longc [issad:l] H3 ci.a.a from the orchard [i~~rpiQ.i] 113 cCMeH" from the seed 432
LESSON 18
{issuIY-J] 113 cyna from soup [issarat:lva] 113 CapaTOSa from Saratov
[issipucij] 113 cblny'leH from the quicksand [j~~611 113 ce.n from villages
C.3+*=long* [iH:iI~~\il
[ifiari\l to fry
113 :>KanOCTI1
from pity "3:lK6ra heartburn
(iH6g~]
D.
3
+w
= long
[i~rnil
113
[iHilutk~J
:>Ke.nYllKa from the stomach
[iS~af'J )
mapa from a sphere [iMot~iJ H3 wynol from a joke
wepcT"
"3 WHPMbl
from a screen E. ],
+
"t
=
IlJ"I
(i~\il
113
[i~~olk~J
"3 UJcmca
from silk [iUilia) H3 mHThR from sewing
(IQ)
'IaCT" from the part
(~u!6~]
113
[iUirla 1 "], )Kepmi from the muzzle [raHival] pa3:lKeBaTb to chew apart
IU
from wool (i~~inniJ
113:lKapHTb
113
113
'f)'JIC6ro
from foreign [i~isla J 113 'II1CJIa from the number
[iSCimad..;in:;)] H3 'leMo.uaHa from the suitcase [i~"iJ H3 'Jawlrn from a cup [iSCivo] H3 'Jero from what
STRUCTURE AND DRILLS
Use of the instrumental in tbe predicate witb verbs of being and becoming MODELS
6" 6bm .ullpeICTOPOM 3aaO,ll3. _ _ _ ,Il01CT0POM. _ _ _ npeno.u aa tlTeJ1eM. _ _ _ nelH.tOM.
-===
y'llheJleM.
_ npo(IJCcCOpOM J.lCTOpUH. _ _ _ MOHM coce.uOM.
Om! 6btJla
_ _ _ _ y66pUl,HLl,eH. _ _ _ _ npo,aaBwHLl,eH. _ _ _ _ cneuHamfCToM B 3TOM ,Ilene.
>1 6j.uy Bpa'lOM. _ _ _ HH:lKenepoM.
___ TCXHlIKOM. ___ IICTOP"KOM.
_ _ _ KOCMOIl3:8TOM.
He was plant direclOr. _ _ _ a doctor. _ _ _ an instructor. _ _ _ 3 singer. ___ a teacher. ___ a history professor. ___ my neighbor.
She was a physicist _ _ _ a chemist. _ _ _ my neighbor. _ _ _ a music teacher. _ _ _ a cleaning woman. _ _ _ a saleslady. _ _ _ a specialist in lhis field.
I'm going to be a doctor. _ _ _ _ _ _ an engineer. _ _ _ _ _ _ a technician. ______ a historian. _ _ _ _ _ _ an astronaut. LESSON 18
433
OHa
cnllleT IlHJKeHCpOM.
_ _ _ _ .aOKTOpoM. _~
neaRueH.
_ _ _ _ _ )"'uheJlbHHueH.
Mbi c cecTp6H 6Y.aCM $HJltkaMll. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ xHMHkaMH. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ npeno.aasaTeJl"MI1. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Y"tHTeJlAMIt. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HmKeHcpaMIf. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ llOKTOplIMH.
She'll become an engineer.
_ _ _ _ _ a doctor. _ _ _ _ _ a singer. _ _ _ _ _ a teacher. My sister and I are going to be ____________ _____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
physicists. cbemists. instructors. teachers. engineers. doctors.
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that the instromental case is used in tbe predicate after verbs such as 6bcn. and criTh to describe what one was in the past or expects to be in the future.
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. She's a high-school teacher.
She was a high·schoolreacher. Om'l y'ut-reJIbHHua. Omi 6b1J18 y'tiiTCJlbHHu.eH. 6u nOM6111lIHK J],ltpeKTopa. 0" 6w ItOMOEUHJtKOM llHpe....,.opa. (ou XJIMHK, OHa spa'!, Oil y'UfTeJlb, 011
2. I'm a chemist. I'm going iO be a chemist. }1
XHMHK.
A 6YM
XHMHKOM.
.st .Qonop. A 6ylIY .lJ.OKTOpoM. (neseu" HCTOpltK, ,nltperrpp $a6pHKH,
J],HpeKTOp 3aBona, olla neSHWl, OHa MOR coce,llKa, OHM neaUbl, OH OTJlH'!HHX, OHa
opo4leccop XHMHH, npenO.QaBaTeJlb M)'3b1kH, )"IHTeJlb, CTY.QeHT 8)'38)
CTy.ac1ITKa)
• RESPONSE DRILLS
I. My friend is a physicist.
Hisfather also was a physicist. MOM l~pyr
3. rm ;nter~sted in rhe work of a doctor. It's interesting to be a doctor.
2. rm not a professor. But 1 hope to become one.
.st
fie npo
Ho j HUtlCIOCb cran. npo4leccopoM, jf He HH)KeUep. Ho Ii Ha.nelOCb crtin. KIc«e"epoM. (.nOKTOp, $ltJlt.k, KOCMouaaT, OTJIH'UIHK, lI.Hpenop)
4. A doctor's profession is very interesting. I wani to become a doctor.
A HHTepecjtOCb paOOTOH .aoKTopa.
npo
Ktrrepiato 6bcn. .aOh."TOpoM•
A xO'f'j crin.
.s1
HIiTepeCYlOCb paooToH H",kellepa.
MHTepecllo 6brn. HlDKCHCpo.'Vl,
Bpa'ta 6'teHb IfHTe¢cua.
BpUlfOM. npoeccWl )"Il-fTelUl 6'teUb IfHTCpeCIlU.
A XO'ly
CTtiTb Y'lwreJIeM.
(TexIlIIKa, IICTopHKa, JUtMHKa, npenO.QaBa-
(np
TellSl, Bpatfa, Y'fHTeJISI)
pa, npo
434
LESSON 18
qHf-
• CUEO
QUESTlON~ANSWER
DRILL
Whal do they plan to become? Cosmonauts. (KocMouaBTbl) KCM OHii co6HpafOTcSI 6blTb? (cosmonauts)
KOCMOIl3BTaMlI.
KCM 6n C06lipaeTCSI 6blTb?
(HH)Kenep)
MmKcHePoM. (npeno.n;aBaTeJUl, y'HtTeJlbHlfUa, HH)KeHepbI, npo.n;aal.l.J;liua, neaeu, y'lHTeJlh, Bpa'lI1, neBHua)
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
I. Is she a physician? Yes, alld her SO/lS will also be physicians. OHa spaq? ){i, H ee CLlHOBbH n>*e 6yAYT Bpa'faMH.
2. Was your son interested in technology? Yes, and he became a technician. Baw cMH HHTepecoBMcR TeXHl1KoH? )l;a, II
Oil
QHa xill.Ut.K?
Baw CbIH
){a,
)1;8.,
H
ee
CblHOBLli
TO>Ke 6Y.llyr "IiMHK3MH.
C'TliJi TexIIHKoM.
HHTCpecoBaJ1~
neHHcM?
H OH cyaJl ueBlIoM.
(H1DKeHep,
(
.ll"peKTOp
ceKpeTapR, MCCTOM nOMOl.I.J;llUKa .D,H· peKTopa)
3. Is her daughter a college studefll ? Yes, she recently became one. Ee .a.6lJb - CTy.ucnTKa sy3a? ){a, olla lIe.llUHO craJlil cry.a;CIlTKOii:. Ee .u6% - HIOKeHcp? ,l{a, olla lIe;:utBuo cniJlil HH>KetlcpoM. (y6opmHua, spa'l, 3aO'lUHua, npo.a.aBUlHua, npoq,eccop XHMHlI, yql1TeJlbHlIua)
• DISCUSSION
Whereas the nominative case is used in simple, definition statements in the presenl tense, the instrumental case is generally required in past or future definitions.
Compare
On HH:lKeUcp.
He's an engineer.
with
6u 6blJl !1lVKeHepoM. OH cTaHeT Hl-OKeHcpoM. 6H X6'1eT 6biTh HIDKencpoM.
He was an engineer. He'll become an engineer. He wants to be an engineer.
In such instances, the instrumental usually describes a situation which is impermanent-one that was or is to become. Note that one uses tbe nominative, however, if he views the situation described as pcnnanent. 6H 6bill aMepHK3Heu.
He was an American.
3Ta )l(eHUll1Ua 6blJla MOR MaTb. That woman was my mother.
LESSON 18
435
The instrumental of adjectives
THE ENDINGS SINGULAR
PLURAL
Masculine and Neuter
Feminine
-WM. -tIM
-oii,-ri:
-1oIMHo
-HMH
MODElS KaK rn M6:lKCWb
6bm.
TaKHM
cnoK6HHl.lM?
____________ MlirKHM? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CKy'fHbIM?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ XOJlOJ1.HbIM?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~ _ 6e3.uYrnHbIM?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ r.rrJnbIM? OJePO
ka3anOCb
cnOl,OHHWM.
_ _ _ _ _ _ 6oJIbwH,\I. _ _ _ _ _ _ CRUMM:. _ _ _ _ _ _ JeJleHbI.'l'l.
Bowi cnl.na xon6.aHoi. _ _ _ _ ropliqei.
QHa H3M dxeTC~ fJlYnoi. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ YMHoi.
_______ Hec'Jacrnoii. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CHMllanf'fHoii. KaK6ro u,aen saw KOCTK>M?
-4epHhlH c 6C;lbIM. _ _ _ _ _ C KpaClfblM.
_ _ _ _ c rony6biM. _ _ _ _ C )f(eJ1ThlM.
DenblH C 'JepHWMH TO'lKaMH.
_ _ _ C KpaCHbIMII
_
_ _ _ C rOJly6biMK
_
_ _ _ _ C JeJleHWMN
The lake seemed caJm. _ _ _ _ _ _ Iarge. _ _ _ _ _ _ dark blue. _ _ _ _ _ _ green.
She seems silly to us. _ _ _ _ intelligent _ _ _ unbappy _ _ _ likeable
_ _ _
What color is your costume? Black and white. _ _ _ red. _ _ _ light blue. _ _ _ _ yellow. _ _ _ blue.
_ _ _ _ _ C C"Hk\l.
_ _ _ C CHHIIMJI
_ _ _ _ _ _ cold? ________ heartless? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ silly?
The water's gotten cold. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ warm. _ _ _ _ _ _ hot.
_ _ _ _ -rennoi.
-
How can you be so calm?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ soft? _ _ _ _ _ _ dull?
_ _
White with black polka dots. _ _ _ red . _ light blue _ _. _ _ _ blue _ _ _ _ green _
• REPETITION DRILL
Repeat the given models, noting that the instrumental form of the adjective is orten used to focus on a temporary condition. 436
LESSON 18
• STRUCTURE REPLAC1,MENT ()RILLS
1. He's nice. He seems nice to me.
2. The lake is calm. The lake seems calm.
Ou CHMnanf'fHbfH. Ou ~OIC K8_erCR CKMnani'tHbIM. Dua MHna.q.
OJCpo cnOkOHHoe. )l.op6ra JlJIHHHaR.
Qua MUe Kti",eTCR MHJloii.
.llop6ra K8»:CTC1l JJ.JDiltHoii,
03ePO Ka",ercR CIiOKOihtLlM.
(OlUi yMH.bIC, OH rJlym>lH, OH }'MHhtii,
JIee 6oJlbw6ii.
OHU CIIMnaTH'fHble, olla XOJlOAHaJI. ona ay'lHaR, 01111 6e3.a,YUJHble. 011
YJlHI..tll cnOk6HHlUI.
cnOKOHHbl.H)
CeJJo 6onbw6e. tlop6ra KOpOTKlUI. 3eMJlJ1 'lepHlUI. Xne6 BKyCHb[H.
3. The meeting was an interesting one. The meeting seemed interesting to me. Co6paHHC 6bmO IIHTepeeHoe.
JIea::l.l.HJ1 6b1mi .n.mi:HHaR.
C06pamre MIlC
30aMeHbl 6blnH Tpy,D.Hble.
l'a3aJlOCb- HHT~.
310AMeH 6br.n TpYAH.blH. 3to:DMCIl MIle l'a3iJlC1l TPYWfLIM.
Yp6" 6bm kOp6TKItH. PeJyJlbT3.Tbl 6bmH HHTepCalble.
• QUESTION·ANSWER ()RILL
• EXPANSION DRILL
How do you find the soup? I find it ~'ery delicious.
Are you acquainted with her girl friend? Are you acquainted with her nice girl friend?
Kb SM 113x6llHTe crn?
Tbi JHakOM C ee
st ero H:lXO"'Y O'leHh Bto:yCHhIM.
Tw JHaKOM C ee CH.\t:llanf'lHOH 1I0JlPjroii? Tw 3HakOM C 3THM napHcM? Tw JUaKOM C 7ntM CHMllanf'lfILlM uapHeM?
Kh sbi Hax6AIlTe ""poni?
st HX HaXOJkY O'lCHh Bl'yCIlblMH.
nonpy~oH?
(6opw, yxy, TOpT, pbl6y, nC'leHbe,
(:HIIMI-l CTyneuTaMI-l, HaWI-lM
rpll6w, 6yJlbOIl, JlanlllY, 6yJlO'UCH, mrpor)
I-ltl:lKellcpoM, 3TOH )"IHTeJlbHI-lUeH, YIltMIl pe6S1T3MI-l, :JTOH nponaSUlHlteH,
ee
*ClII-lXOM, noH *eHllJ.UHoii)
• RESPONSE DRILLS
1. The chairs are old. . They have to be replaced with new Olles. CryJlbR CTapble.
2. But these things are secondhand. They seem too expensive to me. Ben!> :hll sewl-l nO.ltCp)((aHHble.
fix HllLlo JaMCIIHTl. HOBl.IMH.
OHM MHe
JIHlPT CTapblH.
Benb 3TOT KocnOM nOIleP*3HHbl.H.
Er6 Jt8JJ.o
JaMeKJin. 1I0Bl.IM.
(JlecTHHl.l.a, BHJlKll, C1Iosapb, nOJfJca, K3pTbl,aTJlaC, nJlaCTHKKa,Ten~HM, llBepb)
3. He answered me ill a direct way. I'm pleased with his direct answer. Ou Mile npliMO OTBt:-THJI. JJ.OBOnetl er6 opa.-.u:..... ~TOM.
st
K8:«yTC1l
CJlMlUKOM
JJ.oponiMH.
OH MIle KallreTCA CJllfuJKOM AoponiM. (31"3. &eWb, nOT CTOJl, 3T3. py6awn, :lTlI RJlaThR, 3Ta wanKa, 3TH Cl)'JlbR)
OH
Mite
npekp8.ClIO OTBt:-TIUJ.
st JlOBMeti CI"O JrPet'paCUbiM onCroM. (npaSIUlbHO, cnOlCOHIlO, 6blCTpO, XOpoWO, npocTO, TellJlO, OCTOpo:':HO, kOpoTKO)
LESSON 18
437
•
STRUCTURE REPLACBMENT DRILL
Hx Hx Ax Hx Hx HX
The)' ",ere young men then. He was a young mall the". OHH Torna 6wTH MOll0AblMII mOJJ.bMH. 08 TQI'lli 6Wi MOOOll.bL", 'feJlOBeKOM.
Ax .win.H 6wIH c-rp3HlIWMII. Ax JUiIUI 6La.!1 CTpiJuu.L.\I.
6a6yurKH 6bi:ll.1t O'leHb CTapb.lMH. 6p3TMI 6LullJ cnOKOHHblMH mOllbMH. JlO'lepH 6bUIH eme ManeHbKHMU. CblllOBbR 6bum erne ManetlbKHMH. llellyur~H 6Lum c~nant'lHWMH JII011bMH. MaTepH 6wIII npocn;,Mfl JKCHlUHnaMJI.
SINGULAR PLURAL
Masculine and Neuter -WM
-HM
MO/lO.ahIM 116BblM
CHHHM Be'lCpHIIM pyCCKIIM llPyniM CBC:lKHM xop6WllM 6onbwH.\f
cTiI.pbIM
Feminine
-0. Monolloii H6aoii CTl'l.poii pyccKoii llpyroii 6oJIbwoii
-
-eft
cHHeii aC'IcpHcii CBC:lKeii xOpOweii
.....
MOnOllYMH CTaPLIMH H6BblMH
-HMO
CHHHMH nC'ICpIIHMH PYCCKIIMH llPyrHMH 60/lbWIiMH cae:lKHMJI XOpOllIHMH
D1STRlBtJTION OF ENDINGS
I. In Lbe masculine-neuler inslrumental singular, lhe ending is spelled -w."" for hard Slems and -11M for son and mixed stems. Compare MO/lO.nbiM, CTap...."'· wilh CHHIlM, .apynl.\I, pyCCICI6f, xOpOWIIM, 6onbwliM:. 2. In the feminine instrumenlal singular, the ending is spelled --oM for hard stems and -eli for son Slems. Compare MOll0116i, 116BoH with CHHeN, Be'lepHei. Mixed slems take lhe ending --oM, excepl wbere lhe ending is unstressed and preceded by w, 'I, or ut, in whicb case it is spelled -ei. Compare pycclCoii, llPynHi, 6011bwoii wilb xOpOWeM, cBc:lKeii. 1
*,
3. In the instrumental plural, I.he ending is spelled -WMH for hard stems and -IIMH for son and mixed stems. Compare MOJlO.nbl:MH, H6BblMH with CHIIKMH, 60JlbWMMH, XOpOWHMH, pyCCKHMH, ltPyrHMH.
Adjectives and pronouns (in adjectival form) which function as nouns MODELS
Cele CTOJIO"'" ? __ B8HHaR? __ yfiOPUall ? __
. -,
KO~CCHOIlHl>lIl.
Y:lKe on:pbrra. 8 CTOJ10B0ii omin. uui II kliwa. noiiaeM B C'TOJI6II)'IO.
CrOJlOBaR
Whcre's the dining room (or dining ha/I)? _ _ _ the bathroom? ________ the toilet? _ _ _ the commission store? The dining hall is already open. Again, it's shchi and kasba at the dining hall. let's go to the dining hall.
, In addition 10 tbe regular feminine endings --oi and -So there are also longer endings older literary works and in poetry.
438
LESSON 18
-lItO
and
-aG.
found mostly in
.s1 BH.nen 3TH BernH B KOMIICCItOIllIOM. .s1 Jl.ocnW 3TH Deutlt 'lepe) 311aKO,\tblx. 611 M6ii xOpOwHii 3UaKOML.Iii. OHa Moli xOpOWaJI 3HllKOMaR. BbmbeM J3 HaWe 6j.QyUtee.
np6uaooe, JIyMaA T6nbKO 0 6Y.QYUtC.'M! KeM ThI XO'lewl. 6h1Tb, y..etft.lM?
3a6YJIb
y Hero xO:pOwee MOCTO.
r.'1aBIfOe -
HeKOTopwe m06J1T 'laR C MonOKOM. DH.uHTe B mOllJlx Tonuo xop6wee.
Obi:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ DJIOX6e.
o 'lCM )ICe TbJ XO'lewl. rOBop,hl.?
What tben do you want to talk about? About a lot of things. About the past. About the future. About something else. That can happen to anyone. Not everyone can do that.
_0 MIIOroM. - 0 Op6twJOM. -
0 6YJl.YlUeM.
- 0 JlPyrOM. 3TO co BcliKHM MO)KeT CJly'umcJI. He Kli.*.LI.... ii MO)KeT :ho cllenaTb.
.s1
6'leHb mo6mO TOJICTOrO.
_______
I'm extremely fond of Tolstoy. _________ Dostoevsky. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Tschaikol'sky. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Stravinsky. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Gorky. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Mayakovsky.
.n.~BCKOI·O.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4aiiK08CKGrO.
_______ CrpaulICkOro.
_______ rOphKoro. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ M3JlK08Ck"(ll'·O.
My grandmother knew Mrs. Tolstoy. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ DOSloe..sky. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Stra..insky. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the TO/SIOYS. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Dostoevskys. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Stra..inskys.
Moli 6a6ywKa 3Hana TOJlCTjKl.
_ _ _ _ _ _ !locroeBCKy>O.
-----0]>"""""",.... ____ TOJIcThIx. ~
________
I saw these things in the commission .~tore . I got these things through friends. He's a close acquainlance of mine. She's a close acquaintance of mine. Let's drink to our future. Forget the past; think only of thefuture! What do you want to be, a scientist? The main thing is he has a good job. Some (people) like tea with milk. You see only the good in people. _ _ _ _ _ bad _
.n~BCKHX.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CTpaBKrICk"MX.
• CUED SURSTITUTION DRILLS
1. (our friends)
We had dinner at our friends' place.
(n<'twlt :maKoMhle) Mbl 06e.ua.r1ll y HaWIiX 3uaKoMblx. (3nl PyccKlle) Mhi 06CWLTIH Y 3THX pyCCKHX. (Haw 3H3KOMhlii, 3TOT y'lellblH, nOT pa60'l.llH. 3TH pYCCKlle, llama 3113XOMaJI)
2. (di"ing haJJ)
He came out of the dining hall (or room).
(cTOJl6saJI)
611 Bblwen
(BllllllaJl)
Oil
113 CTOJlOSOH.
BbnueJl K3 Banlloii.
(y60pllaJl, KOM"CCHOIUlblH, CTOJlOBaJl, BaHHaJl)
3. (the past) (npOWJloe) (6YJl.ymee)
It's not worlh la/king about the past. He CT6HT rOBopm 0 npOWJlOM.
He crowr roBOpKn.
0
6YAYUte.\f.
(.npyroe, MHoroe, ee 311aKoMblH, 3TH pa60'llle, ero 3I1aKoM ...e. 3TOT )"Iell"'H)
4. (Mayako ..sky)
Do you know this work of Mayakovsky's?
(MaMKOBCKIIH) Obi 311aae 'hy seutl. MaJIICOBcKoro? Ow :uuieTt: iTy BIDth j),OCToeIlCKOI"O? (AocroeBCKHH) (YaRKoBcKHH, rOpI.KIIH, TOJlCTOH, CTpaBHIICK"H)
LFSSON 18
439
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
J. They became scientists. He became a scientist. OHii CT8JtH )"feHblMII. OK cr8.JI reeHLlM. EipaTbll cTIi.nH paOOL[HMH.
SpiT crin paOO
3m aMepHXaHKH
cri..nH HawHMH
3HUOMblMH.
KOSCKKM,
~ cryneHTbl cTIi.nH
Ee
2. She met Mrs. Tolstoy. She met the Tolstoys. Olla n03113KOMHJI3Cb C TOJTCT6H. Olla OOJHaKOMHJl8o. c TOJlcn:..'\otH. OHa n03HaxoMH.JIaCb co CTP3SHHCKHM. OHa lJOJUaKOMH.l1aCb co CTpuIIHCKHMH. (MauoscKHM, llOCToescKoH, lIaiiCrpaBHHCKOii, TOJTCTblM)
HaWHM.H JUaxOMhlMH.
6paTbll CT3JHf )"feHblMH.
DISCUSSION
Many Russian adjectives function as nouns. This includes such names as TOJICToii.llocroeacm. 'LfaiilcoacKHii, MamcoscKHii, CTpasHHcKHii. All such names have 3 feminine fonn ending in -all and a plural fonn ending in -ble (oc -He): TOJlerall Miss or Mrs. Tolstoy, TO!lecbie the Tolstoys; )J.ocmeBcKall Miss or Mrs. Dostoevsky, ):(ocmeBCKHe the Dostoevskys. Those referring to pecsons may, but do not always, have feminine counterparts: pyccKHii Russian (man), pyCCKU RllSsinn (woman), 6onl>Hoiii sick man, patient, 60JtbHlilI sick woman, patient (0· The word pa60'IHii working man, laborer is used only in the masculine fonn and refers only to a man. Compare it with }"'CHblii, which in its masculine fonn may also refer to a woman: OHa OOn.LmOi y..eublii. Besides the adjectives which function as nouns, there are a number of pronouns, adjectival in fonn, which also function as nouns, for example, Ka;«JD.lii everyone, BCliKHii anyone, He.coTopwe some (people), MHoroe much, MHOf'He many (people). The gender of such words is usually detennined by the noun omitted or understood, for example, CTOJIOIl8.t1 (cro.rt6eu KOMuan), KOMHCQIcHuu.li (ICOMHCMoHllLlii MaraJHH), OpOUlIloe (up6rn.;Joe BpU.UI). Kiii~ii (ICUmwii 'feJIOeeK).
Some words referring to abstract concepts, however, are neuter and are not associated with any specific noun, for example, 1I0B0e that which is new, rJlaalloe the main thing, Hlrrepecuoe that which is interesting. Compare the neuter singular ~fIIoroe many things, a lot of things with the plural MIlne many people.
Reflexive verbs--part ill MODELS
A KHTepecjJocb MPblkOH. OH HHTepecye-rat _ _ Mbi lurrepecyeMCSI _ _• BLi HHTepecyeTCCb _ Oml HHTepecy.oTCJI _ _ TLi HHTepecyeUlbClI _
Oil HHTepecoBinCll
xHMHeH.
Oua mrrepecoBanacb _ OKH KHTepecoBinHcb _ _• 440
LESSON
18
I'm interested in music. He's interested in _ _ We're interested in __ You're interested in __ They're interested in_. You're interested in_. He was interested in chemistry. She was interested in _ They were interested in _
Thl BbI
Are you studying (or learning) English? ? Are you studying (or learning) I'm studying (or learning) Russian. She's studying (or learning) _ _' We're studying (or leaning) _ _' They're studying (or learning) _ '
Y'tHlUbCSI allrmHicKOMY Jl:3blKy?
?
Y'iIlTeCb
R
ylfyCb PYCCKOMy Sl3bU'Y. OHa YlfHTC1l ,
Mbi:
YlfUMC1l
,
OHM YlfaTCSI
,
Ou ua)"UinC1l b.a.Hn. H3 MawKHe. OHa ua)"Uinacb _
OHM
Ha}"lHmtCb
He learned to drive a car. She learned _ _ They learned
_
Are you getting ready (or planning) to go away? Are you getting ready (or planning) ? I'm getting ready (or planning) to go away. He's getting ready (or planning) _ _ We're gelling ready (or planning) The students are getting ready (or planning)_
TbI co6KpaernbCl ye:J:lK3Tb? Bbi: C06UpaeTeCb ? R C06HpAwcb ye3:lK3Tb. OH co6HpaeTCSI ~_
MbI:
co6upAeMCI _ _ ,
C06UpID<>TCSI.
CryAeHTh.I
Cer6,ll,l-UI 611 npocllyncSI palla. ____ aHa npocuynacb _ _ _ _ _ MM
KOrlIa ubi:
npocflymfcb
He woke up early today. She woke up _ We woke up _
_
When will you wake up tomorrow? _ _ will you wake up ? Tomorrow 1"11 wake up early. _ _ _ _ she'll wake up _ _ we'll wake up _ _ _ _ _ they'll wake up _ _,
3aol"pa npocueTeCb?
___ ThI:
npocHeWhCSI?
JaBl"pa Ji npocHjcb paHO. _ _ _ oua npocHCTCSI
_ _ MbI:
_
DpOCHeMCll:
,
_ _ OKK npocHjTcSI
,
R o6b1'IHo DpoCblIl3.K>Cb B c:eMh. Tbi
DpoCblnaeWbCR
Ou
M" __
npocblO3.eTCJI
BbI
DpocblnaeTeCb
_
OUR _ _
npocblmiJOTCSI
_
Thl BM
I usually You _ He _ _ We __ You _ They _
_ _
nPOCblnaeMCSI
_
3aUHMaeWhCSI pjCCKHM J13bIK6M? 3aHHMaeTecb
R JaHHMalOCb pjCCKIIM 0" JaHIIMa-eTCS!
? Jl:JbIK6M. _
Mbl JaHHMaCMClI OIlK JaHHMalOTCli
_ _
wake up at wake up wakes up wake up, wake up wake up,
~ven.
_ _ _ _ _
Are you studying the Russian language? Are you studying ? I'm sludying the Russian language. He·s studying _ We're studying , They're studying ,
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
J. I'm interested in geography. J ",as imerested in geography.
R HHTepecjJocb reorpafjmcH. A tlirrepecoB1i.'IC1I reorpa4naeii.
>1 lIHTepecy.oeh reorpafjlHeH. A HHTepeCOBL'I3a. reoa"P'+HeN. (Olt, Bbl, OHH, olta, MbI, TbI, 011)
2. Fm planning to enter college. J was planning to enter col/ege. .>1 co6llpaK>Ch nocryIIlITb 8 sjJ. A co6HpaJJCII DOCT}'IlIin. BBp. .>1 co6HpaiOCb nacrynKTh B BjJ. A co6M))wa. IlOCT}'llIfn. B BYJ. (01111, Mbl, r3..JUI, BIlT", BbI, Oll,
OH3,
LESSON 18
ru) 441
3. fm slUdyi/lg physics. I was studying physics. }1 3aHIlMa}{)Cb 4>U3HKOH. H JllHHMaJiCR 4niJHKoH.
$i 3aHHMa}{)Cb 4>H31tKOH. A 3aHttMUaCb clUOHKOH.
4. I was learning how to play chess. I learned how to play chess. $i Y'lWJCJl HrpaTh B ruaxMaTbI. A HaywClf Hrpan. B lUaXMaTW. $i Y'lKnaCb Hrphb B WaJtMaTbl. A H3Y'uirl3cl> ttrpAn. a waXMan.r.
(Bbl, HaJlII, Mbl, OHH, BaIUI, oua, 51, TY)
5. I wake up at seven. rtl ....a ke up at seven.
(CblH, 1l0'lepH, HaTawa, Mbl, Bbl, OH, TY, oHn)
6. He gOt himself a nice soft job. He'// get himself a nice soft job.
6n
yCTpOItJtCJI ua Terutoe MecTe'lI:O.
A UpocuyCb B ce.\Il'.
OK
ycrp6KTClI
Om\ npocblnaeTCJl B ceMb. OHa npocne-rCR B cerou,. (MbI, Tbf, BbI, OHI'I, fl, ofla)
BbI:
ycTpOWlHCb na Terutoe Mec-re'lKO.
Dbi yC'T'p6HTecL Ha Ttrutoe MecTe'fKO. (MbI, Thl, ona. JI, OHII, OH. BM)
Jt
nPOCblnalOCb B ceMb.
R3 Te.moe
Mette'fKO.
• QUESTION-ANSWER DRILLS
1. Would thaI seem interesling 10 you? Yes, I'm interested in lhal. Te6e iTO 6Y.neT HIITepCcHO? ~i,
iii )TKM HHTepecylOCb.
2. Are you students? Yes, we go to college. Db! CTYlIeHTbl?
.l{a, MY Y'fHMC9
B
EMy :ho 6Y.neT HHTepeeH01
OHa CTYJleHTKa?
.l{a. Oil :ITH.\4
~a, OK.
KHTepecYeT~.
(BaM, HM, eM, Te6e, eMY)
3. Are you leaving already? Yes, rm gelling ready to leave. Tb.! YJKe ye:JJKaerub? ~a, Ii cOOKpalOCh ye3JK8T1>. Bbi: yxe yeJ)lc3.eTe? .l{a, Mb.! co6MpaeMC1iI YeJ)l(8:n•• (ona, Tbf, Olm, Oil, BbI, ona, OHH)
BYle.
y..H"Tt1l B Byle.
(OHII CTy.neHTbl? Olla CTY.neHTJ::a" Dbl CTY,lleIlTbl? all CTy,llelIT? Tbl CTylleHT? 01111 CTy.nellThf?)
4. Do you drive a car already? NOI yet, but rlliearn.
Tw )')ICe e31IHlUh lIa MawKHe? Her ewe,. 110 li Ha}"lycb. 6H YJKe e3JlHT ua MawHHe?
HeT
ewe, 110 Oil lIay'tHTCR.
(8h.1,
OHa, Th.I, OUII, OH, BhJ, OHa)
• MIXED STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
Plural to singular and vice versa. I. Ife'// wake up early.
1'// wake up ear/yo Mb.! npocHeMCJl paHO. A npocuyCb paRO. 6R npocHerOi paRO.
ORM. npocuYrCfl paRO. (TY, Mbl, ORa, Bbl, 51, on, Mbl, TY)
3. I'm sludying Russian. We're sludying Russian. }1 3aHHMalOCb pyCCKHM X3blKOM. Mw :saUHMieM~ py«KHM H3w.:OM.
2. What were you thinking about?
°o ..
'115M ThI 3aJtYMaJlCJI"
°o
eM Rbi :UlL(YM3JlHCh?
'1CM J(eByullCH 3a.nYMaJlHCb?
..eM .z:teayUIKa JaJ:tYManaCb?
(napUII, oua, 011, Bbl,OIl,Tbl)
~Ta aMepllxauxa 33.IIJfMaeTOl pyca::HM Jl3blK6M. 3TH a.\4epHKbKR 3aHK.\4aIOTCfI PYCCKKM RlW.-(bt. (Bbl,
442
LESSON
18
Mbl, Tbl, X, OHa, CTy.aeHTbl)
4. Wake lip! n pochI nfdiC1l: ! npocwniiiTeo. !
Y'IJ.lTeCb pyCCKOMy .lIJblXY! 3aHHMaijc.lI pyCCKHM .lIJblK6M! HaY':lHTeCb C::JllHTb Ha MatllJ.lJle!
l1u-repecyiiCjE oonbwe
npOClUteb!
JaHltTHJlMH!
npocluiTea. ! • RESPONSE DRIl.L
Tbl ewe He co611paeWbC.lI ':' Tbl c HltM He n03HaKOMHnC.ll? Tb! ue Y'lllWbC.lI? Tb! He JaHHMaewbCJI?
You're not awake yet? Wake up} Tw eute He npocHync.ll? npoanlCh! Till eu.te He HaY'lHnC.ll? Hayouia.! DISCUSSION
The verb HHTepecoUThCll is accompanied by the instrumental case witbout a preposition to indicate tbe thing one becomes interested in: On KHTepecjerctl PYCCJ(oH JIHTepaTjpoii He's interested in RU.fSian literature. The verb :lU1IM'ThCll is accompanied by the instrumental without a preposition to indicate the thing with which one is occupied or the thing one is studying: Oa ]JlHJ(MaeTCII PYCCKNM IDhIKtlM He's studying Russian; A 3RHHMiJoa. 'fTtHaeM miceM fm busy reading letters. Y'Ilin.cII and Raf'lJin.ca are accompanied by the infinitive or the dative witho.ut a preposition to indicate the thing studied or learned: ()y jotHTCSI PyCCKOM)' II3I>IKY He's studying Russian; ORa aarniJtaCb rOBOpKn. DO-lIJ(f"JIIiiiat1I She learned to speak English. The verb ycrpOHTbCSl is followed byaa plus the accusative in tbe sense of getting established in a position or job: Ou yCl'p6tuJC1I ua xop6wyro pa66Ty He got himself a good job. In describing the place where one works or settles, however, 8 or na plus the prepositional is used.
.sf
yC'TpOIOCb Ha JaBo.ll.e. Ona Y.ll.66HO ycrpOu.nacb napnipe.
R
Hosoii
He settled in Moscow or He got himself a job in Moscow. I'll get a job at a factory. She's comfortably settled in her new apartment.
Perfectivization by prefix Dl>to' indicate a limited amount of tbe activity MODELS
OH
pa66TaJl uem..ii .ll.eHl>. OH nopa66TaJI non·.aca.
He worked the whole day. He did half an hour's work.
Mbi MH6ro TaHueBiJlH. Mbi nOTaHuesanll HeMlI6ro.
We danced a lot. We danced for awhile.
OHa .ll.Onro cnana.
She slept for a long time. She got about an hour's sleep.
Oua nocnami oKono '1aca.
LESSON I 8
443
Obi .uOnfO CHJ.te.n:H B napICe? - HC'r, Mbi nOCHJ.te.n:H okono 'iAca, a nOTOM yexanH.
Did you sit in the park long? No, we sat about an bour and then drove away.
Tbi: .nonfO CTOMa B 6'lepeJlH? - )l,a, MHe npHlllJlOCb nOCTOlITb MHIIYr lIBlU1ltaTb.
Did you stand in line long? Yes, I had to stand for about twenty minutes.
Obi: 1I0nro HCJC3.J:rn rnanky? - He-.., MY nOHCK3.JUf MHHYT .uecJln. H uawmi.
Did you spend a long time looking for the cap? No, we hunted about ten minutes and found it.
611
He was at our place last winter. He spent two days with us and left.
6n
6bln y HaC np6W..11oH 3HMOH. no6b1.J1 y HaC nsa lDui Hyexan.
Mbl ..aM J'(ItnH lIBA rona. Mbl TaM Hellonro n6)1(It1IH, a nOT6M Hatll1ui nOBYJO k6MHaTy.
We lived there for two years. We lived there for awhile, then found a new room.
Obi 6YlleTe HrpAn. Bee YrPo? - He-.., Mbi T6nbko HeMHOrO nOHrp3eM.
Will you be playing all morning? No. we'll just playa little.
• QUESTlON·ANSWER DRILLS
I. How much longer willi have to stand? Stand a little longer.
Kax nO.JlfO MHe ewe H}0KnO CTO.lin. ? nOCTOM
ewe HeMHOro.
Kax nonfo MHe ewe
nYxn"o xo.£Uin, ? noxoAJi eme HeMOOro. (pa60Tan., CHJIeTb, CTY'faTb, Meman. cyn, 3aHHMan.CH, ryIDITb, Jle)l(aTb)
2. Were you able to get a good nap? No, I only slept for half an hour. Dbi CMOfllH xOPOl1l0 nOCnaTb? Hh, nocml.11 T6.Jn,KO OOJNaca.
»
Obi: cMorruf xopow6 n0t311KTh? Hh, 1lOb,llllJl TOmKO DOlt'laca. (norymln., nQTaHlleBan., nopa6oTaTb, nocnaTb. noe311HTb).
»
3. A re you off to look for work? Yes, I'll go do a bit of looking. Tbi: HJIeWb UCk3Th pa6ory?
.ali. DOW ooHlQj. Tbi: HJlewb crnpaTb?
.ali. ooii.nj IIOCTKp~ho .
(pa60TaTb, HrpaTb B q»"r6011, ryllSin., cnaTb, CMOTpeTb Ha H.X Hrpy, cnywan. HOBOCTH)
• STRUCTURE REPLACEMENT DRILLS
I. We were strolling.
We strolled a bit. Mbi: rynMH. MY IIWIIOro OOryJUiiltH. Mbl pa6oTa.JUf. Mbi: lIeMlioro nOpa66TaJlK. (CTY'la.JlIt, cnMH, CH.lle.Jllt, ne)l(a..n.u. e311KJIH Ha HOBOH Mawone, CTOJlJlH B o'iepeJlH, cnywanH p3llHo)
2. I'll dance with her. I'll dance with her awhile.
R 6r.ny c HeM TaHUe~n.. jj C HeR DOTaiutYlO. R 6y,uy c He" rOBOpHTb.
A C lie" DoroBopiO. 5i 6YllY 311ea. C"JlCTb. R 6YllY 3JleCI> cro.liTb.
R 6YllY c BAM" paOOTan.. R 6YllY c BaM" .sf .sf
444
l.E')S()N
18
I)'llJin.. 6YllY C BaM" cn}huaTb nnacniHx:H. 6YllY HCKim. BaM MCcTo.
DlSCUSSION
Although no- sometimes provides what may be considered the basic perfective for an imperfective verb (CMO..-pen., 1JOCMO"Jpin.), very often it is not the primary perfective, but rather a secondary perfective focusing on the limited duration of the activity. Compare onmin. (ipfv) to read, to be reading opoOfHrin. (pfv) to finish reading, read (through to the end) with
oo'UtTin. (pfv) to do a bit a/reading, read/or a while Have you finished reading this paper? Yes, I've already read it. No, I baven't read it all yet. No, I'm still reading it Yes, I read awhile and got tired.
Obi KOIt'HfJlH '!HTaTb 31)' ra36Ty1 - ,ll,a, R ce )')ke npo'!HTlLn.. - He-r, R ewe lie octO npo'l.lil'M. - He-r, li ewe '!HTalQ. - ,ll,a, R DO'fKT.... HeMHoro H YCTM.
Among the verbs already encountered which may take perfectives with the prefix no- are the following: CToliTb, CHllen., JleJlC3.Tb, rOBOpm, nYMan., c.njmaTb, pa66T3.Tb, 6.btTh, XHTb, TaHueaaTh, HCXaTh, ~aTh, 6.aUTb, xoJJ.JhD, rymin., CnaTh, min., Hrp3.Th, CTHp3.Tb, 3aHHMaTbC5l.
4TEIDIE 11 nl1CbM6
'I.Ik ~~?
F
f{.l.-
~
01V
XOflt.l.{..
~ ad ~:
~ ~'"'; '1W"~
:7Wur
~.M-
rM<7
<.<-
~
LESSON
18
445
y fWur ~ ~ ~ . ~ 1«<- ~ ~. ~ ?(k ~. ~
r
81w.r- "'"
~?~~:Nr~.~,,!~<-V+U-~'ofiUr~
uri~. Ok
t/UT
--
-
~
~ ~ «. ~ , 'I>fllu 'U.J-H.
~~(j,,~~,"""~k
1«-
~
~ ~. :J& ~ U-ffl.tucu.- ~ '""'1 ~. Ha npomanbHOH Be
6brrb
a SOP$(
¢H3HKaMH,
BnTS!
6brn.. BalUl
CK33a.n, 'ITO XOTe.n
c
HaneR CK3JMH.
'ITO co6HpalOTCli
KOCMOHaeTOM.
60 He 3HaeT. KeM eraTb. Bepa XO'leT nOCTym1Tb B neD,HHCTH,yr H3 nHT¢3Jc » co8CTyeT BHle TOiKe TY1l3 K.nTH. OHa .nyMaer. 'ITO npenO.ll.aB8.Tb O'feHb HHTepeCHO. 3TO OHa Tent~pb rail: .ayMaeT, Kor.na WK0J13 y>Ke OKOH'IeHa. Tenepb Bee Y'lHTemi K.b,yrclt TaKHMH XOpOWHMH, MudK He
a HX pa66Ta -
MOJKeT peWHTb, KYAa
fib! CT3Tb
eM)'
H,lffH: eMy
d)keTCR Bee HHTepecHblM.
TaKO" HHTepecHoH.
Kor.aa Ji:
6b'1n
ManeHbKHM,
$I O'leHb JH06HJI
.st
npO'lHT3..n Bce
pOMallbl .u*eKa flOHIJ.OHa H et>eHHMopa KYnepa. -
H, naBcpllo, Me'lTVm yexaTb B AMepHKy?
-
KOHe'lHo.
R pewHll
noexaTb np,lMO B HbtO-Yt:OpK. HO'lbIO Dblwell ~b llOMy,
nowen 113 BOK3an, KynHn 6WIIIT llO KHCBa H noexaJI. -
nO'fCMy )f(C J.{O KHCBa? HaJ.{o 6blno J.{o BJlaJ.{HBocToKa, OelJ.b Bbl )f(Hmf B TaWKeHTe?
-
.ua. KaK BHllHTe, 51 nJloxo 311M reorpa
cepAHJlCSI H YIJ.IfBJIllnCSl, 'ITO 51 TaK M
Hy, H .n:aneKO Bbl yc:x3nH?
- HCT, TOJlbKO llSITbIJ.ec5iT KHnoMCTpOB OT TawKcnTa. Mew! 3aMenm npoBollHHK H cnpocH1I, KyJ.{ll ~ eJ.{y. R CKa3aJ1: ,(8 HbtO-JIIOPK, B AMepHKy». 611, KOUe'lHO. n0380H1I1I Moeli Mheplf, ona npHCXaJIa
If
B3S1J13 Men5i llOMOi1.
-
3HaCWb. Anew a, y HaC Tencpb HOBbie COCCIJ.H OpnOBbl: OTeu, MaTb H MMCHbKaSi
ltO'lb. -
Jl.a, ,j c nHM y)f(C n03HaKOMHJlCSI. 6H pa60Tae-r ua MSiCOKOM6HHflTe nOMomHHKoM
ltHpeKTopa. - BOT did A MHe ero )f(eHa. cKa:Hina, 'fTO on J.{HpeKTOp. -
HaBepHo oHa Me'fTaCT, 'fTO 6H CTaHeT JUtptKTOpoM. BOT eM H K3XeTCSI, 'ITO OR
)'XC: llIfpeKTOp. 446
LESSON
18
-
.lla, HaBcpHo. A 3Haewb, KeM OHa pa60neT? npOAaBw,HueH 8 KHOCKe. npoAaeT
JJHMOHaA. -
t.fTO?
)KeHa
nOMOw,HHKa
JJ.HpeKTOpa
"
pa60raeT
nponaBwuueH?
TpynHo
nOBepHTb. -
.lla, npaaAa, 3TO HeMHoro CTpaHHO. My)K ee XopoWO 3apa6,hblBaeT, y HUX CBOJ1
MaWHHa, WO(I~p. -
nOAO:lKAH. 3 no Te6e HaC'ICT 3Toro JJHMOHa.o.a CK33a.n? Hx Ma.n:eHbK3S1 .a.O'lb TaWi.
-
Hy, J1 .a.yMalO, 'ITO HaWeH MMeHbKOH coce.nKe He CmtWKOM MO)KHO BepHTb. tla, nO:lKMyH. n031f3KOMHMCSI C HHMH K3K CJJe.a.yeT, JJy'lwe UX y3HaeM. MOJKeT
6b!Tb OHU H HenJIOXHe monH. -
.lla, HanelOCb. '!TO Mbr 6y,aeM XOpOWHMH cocenSlMH.
-
KaK npOWeJJ Be'lep y TBOHX 3HaKOMb.lX?
-
Hlll.fero, TOJJbKO BbmHTb KaK CJIenyeT HeJIb3J1 6blJlO; .a.aJJH He Blmo, a KaKYlO-TO
KpaCUylO BO.ny. A 0 BOAKe H He cnpaWHBaH -
He 6blJIO COBCCM.
-
A KTO 6bIJI. HHTepecHo?
-
Bce UaW" pe6J1T3 Heme onUH aMepHKthleu.
-
KaKou aMepHKllHeu?
-
UJIHnn rpaHT. OH co MHOH H3 O.aHOM Kypce.
-
A, fpaHT! $I 0 HeM CJlb!WaJI. K
-
Tenepb BnOJIHe XopOWO. Bci: nOKHMaeT H rOBopHT COBCeM CBOOO.aHO.
-
CKaJIOrre, .aonop, 'ITO li .a.OmKeH .ae.naTb?
-
JIeJICaTb, HeMRoro XO.aHTb, H no yrpllM .ae.naTb M3ccfDK.
-
Ox, dIC He JU06mo MaccaJICa!
-
Se) MaccaJKa Bb! HHICor.aa He CMO:lKere xopowo XOJ.1HTb.
-
A CKOJJbKO BpeMeH" MHe eLUe Hj:lKHO CH.ahb AOMa?
-
Ewe HeJ],l,~JJIO, eCJIH TO'lHO 6YAeTe neJJaTb BCe, 'ITO J1 CKaJaJl. A
ecJIlf
He 6YAere,
Tor.aa, nO)Kanyii, eLUe ABe HeAMH He CMO)KeTe XOAliTb Ha paOO1j'.
- A He .uYMaJI,
'!TO :ho cepbe)Ho.
-
HH'!ero, :ho BaM 6Y.aeT naYKa.
-
.lla, B CJleAYIOLUHH pa) 6Y.ay OCTopO)KeH.
-
CTp3.HUO, J1 TOJlbKO 'ITO AOMa noo6eAaJI H )')ICe rOJJOlleH.
-
He)')ICeJJH? Xonhe. J1 BaM npHHecy He Mil oro 6opUI.a?
-
nO)KaJIyHcra. $I 60pwa .aaBHO He BHneJJ!
-
TalC ca):uiTecb. A KllIC H3C'!eT pbi:6b1?
-
HCT, cnacH60, He XO'!eTCSI.
-
Xopowo. BOT oopm, 3 BOT mfporu.
-
nHpOfH Ii o'!eHb JII06JJJo.
- R pa.na. -
0,
OlJeHb BKyclfble!
'ITO OHM saM HpaBJlTCJI. 6epHTe ewe.
Her, cnacH60. )')ICe nOeOJIbHo.
Le'iSON 18
447
APPENDIX
Reference guide to the pronunciation of Cyrillic letters The alphabet is given below in its conventional order, together
with
examples illustrating the
various possible pronuocia.t.ions of each letter and explanatory notes. Notes
A
•
ill
Me
"" "",.6 AA
bow )'C'
TiM ..ro6yc
[tArnl
the," bu,
"m.
[pi",1
"6""
[p6t.. j
6.60 6'"
1M"')
,.n6b"'J [mam~l
IMk)
6bmo
[bll"J
6'"'
[bill
pa66n
[rab6~J
co6paHKe
[sabrlu}.ij::.]
aST66yc 6""
[afl6bus] (bumagOl] £l1i1 J
000.
[a~t]
6yti(Ara 6b>~ 8
mY6e
. . cuj><6c
6001'6 yTe6i uj6
448
''''1
'"you for long
......
B
'''''I ''''kJ
and, but
[davn6} (kudA)
'Y""
Ii
"1 ,tAk)
~laj:lJ
[fkhi~i) (nashif~iJ
l1>unlJ 'uliQAJ
where (to)
"''''
mamma
post office
old woman tank
w", w", work meeting
bu, po""
hit white dinner at the dub 00 the job
...... o6
[t:hip]
,.pltililiioI
.0p66n
[t:ar6pka]
bu.
(vas)
you you
Me
....
I';)
Before hard-series vowel lellers Ca, " w, y) the letter fi is pronouncod hard, somewhat like the b in English book. Before soft-series vowel letters (a, e, H, e, Kl) it is pronounced son, somewhat like the b in beauty. 0,
In the final position and before certain consonants 6 is pronounced like the p in stop, but without the puff of breath that acoompanies the English sound.
b"",u you have club mushroom dormitory
'8{lp)
Russian • is pronounced with its full value fa) not only when it is stressed, but also in the syllable immediatcly before the stressed syllable and in the initial position. Otherwise it is reduced to r~J. tbe fmal sound in English sofa.
Before hard-series vowel Jetters the Russian .. is pronounced hard, somewhat
(zavot] [zdar6\?) [vat I (ivan]
Ja80n 3J1op6oa
.......cr oOT
np•
[Po yet)
J08HHHTe
(izyiQi\i] [
110 CBIl.IliHKJI
3BT66yc
[l&i) ['1Mb",)
• ."y6<
(fkhJ~i)
n,."'"
[f,o)
8'lepa
[f~ti
8CJb 3i1My
r
bu,
Le,
3Jl0p68
[zdarof]
healthy, well
"'PO" rm
[..[,J
[gOr.lt]
,-.
6)'Mam
[bumag;1 [goqeb]
.."',
rYM
JIiinro
[gilm] [d6Ip]
mu:or,na
["'agd')
JiUno.'Pjo)
~=
~.,~
Eo"'... One..
[jivgelJ-ij]
secondary school Evgeny
[at'kJ
Ole,
AI''' .~",
(druk) (f~iv6)
xop6wero TonCT6ro
[talst6\?)
friend (of) aU (of] good [of] Tolstoy
".
[dA) [kudal [idti]
(xar6~~J
HHi
......
.!to CBIUl~IIHJI
l1onro
...... ~
(r~d.i]
.
[d6Ip) [i4 6t J
"""
","0
""".
[d:lSyid~Qij:)J
(D~v64iJ
[4el;J [zav6t] (g6r.ltJ [v6tk;}
r6po,ll
";1."
op_
[privet] [Qet) [geQij;] [fCira] [fkltil7iJ [n:>zav6l;lil
.'"
neHKJ'I 8'lep~
8 lC1Jy6e H3 Ja8o.!te
"",,6
[f~iv6l
""'"
U"li] U"I]
'= ,.m
[znajit] [rab6bjit)
..66neT
ea.,. "'" '" "'" '"
.
city, town Galya
newspaper GUM (dept. store)
10.,
y~
where (to) l'm going good.bye glad long is going at the plant thing. matter plant, factory city vodka greetings, regards 00
[of) singing yesterday at the club at the plant (of] all if to eat
keo,",
Russian r is pronounced like the g in goal before 0, a, and y and like the g in argue before e and K. (It is not written before e, s, 10, 101, or 3.) Before certain consonants and al Ihe end of a word r is pronounced like the k in skiD. NOle: In the genitive: case endings -01"0 and -ern. .. is pronounced like the v in \'Ote.
Before hard-series vowel letters the letler n is pronounced hard, somewhat like the d in English wood but witb the tongue touching the teeth. Before softseries vowel letters it is pronounced soft, somewhat like the d in duty (pronounced in the British way with a y-Iike glide). At the end of a word and before certain consonants the letter Jl is pronounced like the t in stool.
After a consonant Russian e is pronounced like the e in mel or they only when it is stressed. Unstressed, it is pronounced more like the e in emote or the i in industrious. The consonant preceding e is typically pronounced soft. When e occurs in tbe initial position or immediately after a vowel it has the same vocalic value as elsewhere, but is preocded by the consonant {jJ (as in yes).
works all SernYO' is going yet, still
Mter a consonant the letter e is pronounced like 0 in sport. The consonant preceding e is typicaUy pronounced soft. In the initial position or after another vowel e is pronounced like the yo in
U;;6J
be,
York. l
[maj6) [j61bJ
my fi' hedgehog
[f,o) (Ma6n] [i
U"'")
M'" ,,,'" ell:
like the v in vote, Before soft-series vowels it is pronounced soft. somewhat like the v in view. Before certain consonants and 31 the end of a word. is pronounced like the f info!k.
at the club all all winter
lli'1
ICYJl~
E
pmu)
plant, factory bealthy, well bere, there 1= greetings, regards eltcuse (me) good-bye: yesterday
UM]
, The leller l! alw8)'li indicates 8 stressed syllable. When the stress shifts to another syllabic i is replaced bye. Compare BCl'
If:¢] with BCI1f'6
[f~iv6].
APPENDIX
449
JK
CKlDKKTe
"",
:»>eHa )l(CJm.li{ H8 CIljI6e MO:llCHO
y>< My><
[zavat]
JAop6Ba
(zdaro~J
"""=0
[""')
loot
ph
["']
mirror time, once
CJC33Ka
[skask~)
tal'
(r~u
pmuJ
(:¢rk~I:!)
•
[i]
npHBer
"d
Hillia
[PrY'l) [(liD:!)
MOM
[idu] (maji]
greetings, regards Nina I'm going
,",,'"'0
(st6jil~J
[vrafi(J)iJ
in Russia
[damoj] [moj]
my
POOCIiK
nOMoi{ M6' IIOCTYnfue
[p;lstupaj~il
RoATH MaMp
[vaW) [major)
<1>0"
[foj
Kyna
(kuda] (ur6k] (J:iI]
K6m< liB nOJIJ:e BKnKH
[1<6[,)
IlPr l )
(Dap6lJi:i] [yil~i)
my
home enter, join 10 come in major royer where (to)
""".
how Kolya Kirill on the shelr rorks
,lte,lIa
[~i1AJ
CIlbmJan
[s1B31)
6bu'1o 6bu'1H
[blli]
w" wom
[ll:)Stale) (6),) [6[u]
DIy> DIy>
[6~J
to Olya
[b61~i)
mom
[portf'll [balni )
briercase sick
Ha CTone O~
Omo 0"
66m.we nopT
6oJlbHbl.
fbil~)
IIIfCbMO
fRi~m6]
Moli TOM 3HMy
[mojJ [tam) [pmu)
CeMeu
[mil (tiqJ.on)
....
• rYM,
450
plant, ractOl')' healthy, well tomorrow you know winter all winter
8JM
KHPW
M
[znajiti]
m,.
cut!
"'M' aaO Jibty
yp6< D<
JJ
["fir>]
say! tell fmc)! already, by now wire yellow on the job it's possible already husband
[,;m')
B
K
["']
3a86J.l,
..., A
[final [t6ltij) {DasIUiQi} (ma!rr;))
lIap6Kb
"'.",. ,..=
11
I""J
(mlH) (mtclCin3] (DarB)
M)'JIC'Ui:ua
3
[skaiitil
APPENDIX
(vgfupi)
things heard
on the table
letter
my th,m winter
w,
Scmyon in GUM
*'
The letter is pronounced somewhat like tbe s in leisure or pleasure, but is articulated rarther back in the mOUlh than the English sound. In the final position and berore certain consonants it is pronounced somewhat like the sit in shore. It is always pronounced hard, even when rollowed by c, e, K, or b, which nonnally indicate that a sort. consonant precedes. The Russian 1 is pronounced hard (as in roo) berore hard-series vowel letters and soft (somewhat like the s in the British pronunciation or resume) berore soft-series vowel letters. In the final position and berore ocnain consonants 3 is pronounced like the s in -'Wim.
K
Initially and after a consonant the letter is pronounced like the i in machine or
the e in emole. Arter a vowel it has the same vocalic value, but is preceded by the COOSOllallt (as in yeast). In rapid speech, however, the liJ sound teDds to disappear, especially in the combination 1IIf.
m
The letter ii sounds like Ihe y in )'CS and boy. It occurs almost ellclusivcly after a vowel letter when no vowel rollows. It occurs between vowel leiters only in words pr roreign Origill.
The Russian K is pronounced like the k in skilJ berore the letters 0, a, and y, and like the k in askew berore t and K. (It does not usually occur berore c, .. 10, w, or 3).
The letter 11 is pronounced somewhat like the f in beh or middle berore hardseries vowel letters alld like I in milieu (or II in million) berore both sort-series vowel lellers and ...
The Russian M is pronounced like the m in moose berore hard-series vowel leiters and like the m in amuse berore both sort-series vowel letters and ...
MKna Mewi
."",.
dMh
H
H3
yp6"
.0
..y
cry'XeHb!
H.....
."'
co6paHKe
.tIO CBH,llaIlHJI
H1fHe He 61>1JlO
lOBHKHTe 6'lem. .,~
o
O~
yp6, "" 0","" M6' nOM6ii
In~ur6kJ
Ino] (nu] (s tu 4ent ) (Moi} [Qin~ I
(Qet] (sabraF;li.Pl (d;)SyidAQij::l] (9lQi] [Qebila] [izyi¢ti ]
[oc;,,1 [~,.I
[61'J
[ur6k] (nap6tf.u) (m6jJ [dam6j) (a~itipJ
(sabr;i.qij;]
.tIO CBH,llaHHA
[dOlSyidAF;lij~1 [bil~J
u6'11'a ITa"", ojoy cnacK60 BOOJllle
Mila
= tim,
.",n to class but ~II
student
.,;= Nina no meeting good-bye for Nina there wasn't excuse (me] "'l' d.y
Olya !=on to the post offio: my ho= donnitory meeting good-bye thanks
(p6tt~]
(fpaIQt]
post office Pavel some soup thanks completely [=
(pAyil] [supu] (spa~ioo]
6«nn.nro
lllisplatn~J
(priv
trulh
"""" nemte
[~pil
'YI'"
(ReQip)
""",.
1t;"',J
OnXTb nell:
[''''11
""" pA;1
yp6,
B'Iepa co6p3uHe
(SRi§u]
[g6kJ
mili ) (SleR)
[rat] (ur6k) lairal {sabraF;lip]
.opow6
(x~rd6)
II:OtUlepT
(kancen) (uqiyiJ1i¢t]
0","
['f611 [p"l
l"OO"J'CHm p;" op......
KKpMnn rOBopJiT -renepb
......
cryneHT crYJlellna
co6p.l.ime .k
The Russian 0 is pronounced with its full value (like the 0 in pon) only when it is stressed. In the initial position and just before the stressed syllable it is pronounced la]; otherwise it is reduced to [~L the final sound in sofa.
Before hard-series. vowel letters n is pronounced somewhat like the p in poor: before both soft-series vowel letters and b il is pronounced more like the p in pure.
singing oow I'm hurrying again be baked drank steppe
g1.d lesson yesterday meeting good. well
..noon university
Before hard·series vowel letters the Russian p is pronounced with a tongue trill somewhat like the Scotch r. Before both soft·series vowel lellen: and b it is pronounced trilled but soft, and il has somewhat the effect of a y-Iike glide following.
~g1o
~IJ
[pvapt] [liRtrJ
cow greetings, regards Klrill they say now
Id"',1
doo'
(stu",ent] (stu",tntb) [sabnl.Qij::l] [vas]
student rood meeting yoo
[Po",tl
Before hard-series vowel teuers the Russian II is pronounced somewhat like the n in noon btU with the tongue toucbing the teeth. Before soft-series vowel letters it is pronouoced somewhat like the ny in canyon or the n in menu.
w",
[spapoo)
npA"",
nWrn
C
[""'I
co6paHHe
"""'" P
(vrerp~J
06wexme 6.bl.no cnacH60
n
['PiI~J
[....·1
Before hard-series vowel letters tbe Russian e is pronounced like the s in soon. Before both sort-series vowels and .. it is pronounced somewhat like lhe ss in APPENDlX
45)
mrrepeeHo
';n
aBTC/6ycbJ cnacK60 CeMCII
aclO 3HMy
Bee Yrpo a6cb aellep IlllCbMO
T
[in\iresn ::)] [suPI [aft6busi] [spa§ib:l] [§irp6n) If§u .pmu) [f§o utr:l] [ye§ yecir] [Ri§m6)
aaTo6yc
[ppyet] {tam] {nap6Ctu] [ti) (aft6bus]
Men::
[i~6\iJ
Tem5pb xOTl£re
iIi"'rl
Ti:T~
[\6\0]
opHaeT
TOM IIa UO'lTy 1'bl
interesting
"'". buses
assume (pronounced in the British way with a y-like glide).
thanks Semyon all winter all morning all evening lettcr greetings, regards there to the post office
yO" ba< you're going oow
Before hard-series vowel letters the Russian T is pronounced somewhat like the I in stool but with the tongue touching the teeth. Before both soft-series vowel letters and b, it sounds somewhat like I with a y-like glide (as in the British costume and tune).
['''''II
you want aunt to hear to send again where (to) already, by now lesson I'm going 10 the post office ba<
The Russian y is pronounced everywhere somewhat like the u in Schubert. (It is never pronounced like the u In university, i.e. with a LiI preceding it.)
aBTo6yc
(kuda] [uU] [ur6k] lidu] [napOttu] [aftobus)
«I>
q,hT q,opMa q,aMJUUIH )j(lfpaq, nopnpenb ¢IIJ11inn
[fakt) [form::)] [farpi[ij:l] [:finif) [part[eIJ [fi[lp]
facl form, uniform last name giraffe briefcase Filipp
The Russian 4J is found mostly in words of foreign origin. It is pronounced hard (like the/in/arm) before hard-series vowel letters and soft (somewhat like the / in few) before both soft-series vowel letters and h.
X
xopowo 3aXOIIKTe
[X
"
[ax] [xuzi] {xati\i] fllitrof) [branJlit] [sllem
good, well drop in! come in! oh! worse you want Khitrov bronchitis schemc, plan
The Russian x has no counterpart in English. Before a, 0, and y it is pronounced hard, somewhat likc the in German aeh and Bacn; before e or H it is pronounced soft, somewhat like the eh in German kh.
[kancert] (canipltin] [agurci] (l'k
concert Tsarapkin cucumbers in an office tsar father
The Russian u is always pronounced hard (somewhat like tbe IS in caIS), even when it is followed by e or H, which normally indicate that a soft consonant precedes.
[nap~tu)
to the post office yestcrday to, "Dark Eyes" very in line shoulder wonderful
The Russian 't is always pronounced soft (somewhat like the ell in cheese), even when it is followed by a, 0, or y, which normally indicate that a hard consonant precedes.
heard good, well (of) good I'm hurrying
The Russian IU is always pronounced hard (somewhat like the sh in ship but articulated farther back in the moulh), even wben it is followed by ... e, or .,
y
CJlblWa1'b
[sli~t)
nocml.Tb oruiTb
[P""11
KYII3. Y-Al:e
yp6,
I1IlY IIa no'lTY
xYJice XOTHTe XHTp6B 6POHXHT cxeMa
U
KOHl\epT ~aparrKIiH
orypubl a KallwuuipHH l\apb OTelJ, q
m
452
(xapti]
lIa rrO'lTY B'lepa 'l'I.J'f ,,6'111 'lepHble» O'leHb BO'lepeJlH nJle'lO 'lYHno
[7-"1xa~litil
[fCid] [caj] [66 Mmij::)] [o~~,l
[v6Ci riQi]
[P['M] [cudn
c.rlliIWaJI
[sli~]
xopow6 xOpOUJero
IX
cnewy
!sijgu]
APPENDlX
{xarMi~]
en
enewine K1i.wa
~p
six
wpm
[b6r§f) [ji§Mj [§fi] [vjMfiJi:i] [bar§C3.! [§cukaJ
borsch yet, still schi in the drawer some borsch pike
The Russian 111 is a long, soft consonant pronounced somewhat like the shch in fresh cheese, spoken wilhout a break. It is always pronounced soft, even when it is fol1owed by a or y, wh.ich nonnally indicate that a hard consonant precedes.
Isjell (atjeslj
'"departure
The symbol 10 (hard sign) has no sound value of its own. It is used between prefixes that end in a consonant and word roots beginning with e, g, 10, or e 10 indicate that these vowel leiters are pronounced with a preceding [j] (as in yes).
[ti J [vi] [bilJ I Ibil) [bill
yO" yO"
The letter bl varies in pronunciation ranging from somelhing Like the vowel in bit to the i of machine. After lip consonants 6, 8; II, 41, and M, many speakers pronounce a w-like glide before bl so that it sounds somewhat Like the English we, except shorter. . The letter bl never appears in tbe initial position in a word.
uui 60pllla
utYKa
...
Thl
6Wio
6,", 6WTb
[sli~II
[mil
w,
nOCJJaTb nopTq16lb
[pashi\I [parlfell [l1i~m6 I
to send briefcase leiter more, bigger
heard
The symbol b (soft sign) has no sound value of its own. It serves to indicate the softness of a preceding consonant at the end of a word or immediately before another consonant letter. It also serves (like 1» to indicate that the soft-series vowel leiter wh.ieh follows IS pronounCed wilh a preceding [jj (as in yes).
60nbwe
[b6l~iI
O'leHb
[6Ci\II
ceMb}j
[~iJTIjaI
family ""
iro
[et:lI [et;)t I (eli) (igzAJTlinI [iliJTIcnt)
this this these exam element
The letter 3 occurs mostly in words of foreign origin, usually in the initial position. When stressed it is pronounced like the e in Eric; when not stressed it is apt to be pronounced like the e in emote or the i in l1legal, although many speakers pronounce it as [e] wherever it occurs.
8CIO He1l611Q
[f~u ~liQcluJ
!'OliOPIO
[g:lvapl.j [staju) [rab6t;}juj
all week I speak J stand I work I drink in the fall
The leiter 10, both when stressed and unstressed, is pronounced like the u in tunc after a consonant letter (wh.ieh is pronounced soft); it is pronounced like the u in union after a vowel letter, 10, or ... or when it is in the initial position .
they say again in an office [of the] briefcaSl: stood good-bye [of] singing language hard
After a consonant the stressed letter II is pronounced somewhat like the a in far. in unstressed syllables JI is usually pronounced like H, except in certain grammatical endings where it sounds like thc a in English sofa. The consonant preceding a is always pronounced soft. When JI occurs in the initial position or foUowing a vowel, 10, or b, it has the same vocalic value as elsewhere, but is preceded by the oonsonant sound [j] (as in yes).
]K3aMe" :meMeHT
CTolO
pa66T31O m,iO OceHblO
.H
w"
to '"
Mbl
jTOT jHI
10
w"
CJIbIWaJ!
nHcbMo
:)
which nonnatly indicate that a soft consonant precedes.
[~apk:lI
B lilUlUro
h
you're hurrying kasha
[§CH]
ClUe
hi
[kash~I
wecr,
wallKa
Ill;
ISl1 i§i\ij
roBOp}jT on}jTb B KallUeJI}jpHH nOpTlpe.lIl1 CTOAAIl
no
clIllJJ,aHHlI n6tH$!
lI3blK
TlI)J(MO
IRiO'
~6~iQjuj
[g:>Va(.it)
[·"al] [fbncilariji) [partfel:>] [stajaliJ [d;}syidaQj;)] [ge~lijJ ] [jizik} [\ifiI6]
APPENDIX
453
Noun declension 1. CTOn-nouns SlNGULAR N
A G
table
cily
knife
",6n ",6n
ropon
"6~
, ,
"'''''. "''''', crony
N
CTOllbl
A
CTOJlhi
, ,
D
r6po.n rbpollB
repone
studenl
lro
"~
Ho;«a 1I0,..t
teocMr Y"KTe.r1h
,ao ,ao
CTYtK HT CT)')leflTa
,b
Y"MTeruo
cryn{1fTa CTynell'Te
)"Ui"=. Y">hene
,.~
CTy.nCHTY
'1aeM
CTyneHToM
)"lHTe.n1O )"lHTe.rrCM
,""
D
2.
llWb
"'" D.'He
r6po.rt)' ropoJlOM
HOJKj
1I0JKH
'1ali
CTynCHTbI
)"fHTeJlli
"OlK" HOJKeii
'litH
crynclIToo CTylletfTOB
cr01l3X
ropo.nb
HO:':U
'1aCH '1ajx
)"lHTcncll )"IKTeJlCH
,ami
""",6"
ropon3 ropona ropo.nbB
CTonaM
ropo.naM ropoJIiMH
1l0r.lM
'1aRM
y" Hl"eJui It )"fHTCmiM
JUuix luuiM
KariM"
'!aiMH
CTon6M
IlOJK6M
I'LUkAL
G
doy
n""
CTOJJaMH
cry.nbrrax cry.nCHTaM CTYntHTaMH
)"IHTeJIiMH
llHeM
.lIIm lmeii
.........
Ol..-ao-DOWIS
SINGULAR
....,ord
teller
muting
d,,~
oICII6
cnooo
IIHCLMO
C06piHitC
field none nOJle
A
01(H6
CJJOBO
IIHCbMO
co6piiHilC
IInaTbe [1!I3.n.e
, ,
ol(mi
cnoaa
llHcbMa
Olme
cnOllc
nlfCbMc
co6pfillHll C06piHlfll
llJlaTbe
nOJlll 1I0lle
N
G D
N
A
, ,
G
D
3.
window
l1JIihbll
Ol(lly
cnoay
nJlCbMy
co6pflllKlO
nmiTbJO
n6ma
0l(ll6M
cnOBOM
lIHCbMOM
006paHHCM
IlJlan.eM
n6nCM
OKRa OKRa OICOR
CJloaa
co6piaHJ:
nnan,J: nnan,J:
nomi
..
~o ..
~
ann
CII0saX
OlCllaM oKllaMH
~o
....
CJlOsAMH
PLURAL
IlHCbMa mfcbMa "H<:eM ITIfo,Max nHCbMaM n"o,MaMll
006""'"
co6p3HHK co6p3H!UlX co6pi111HJiM co6pa""JlMK
""."""~.
nnATMIM nnaTbJ:Mll
OM'
noneK p,"",
noniM
non""'H
*eua~noWlS SINGULAR
wife
,
:«CII8: :«eHy lKeRb. )!Celie )Kent :lKeilOM
N
z,"w
N
, ,
G D
girl .o.eByutKa ntByutKy neBYWICK .o.eByulKC .o.cBYWICe .o.c!BywICoii
sister
street
earth, land
It;clUre
""""
yllllua ynHllY YnlllJ.bl ynllue yJlRue ynHucii
3eMmi
,,"'"
neKwul neKll,K1O nell:IlllH neKIl,KH nelUlllH
""""
XMneA
ne.:IllleH
willeii
,,~"
nUuuH neKll,HH neKUMM nCUlllJIX neKWtJlM neKUHllMlf
""'"
<=pC <=pC =
,,~~
leMn" ,,~,
uncle wino
""'" mine mine
nUIAL A
, , G
D
454
~'" )Kell lKellax )KellaM )l(l!lf3MII
APPENDlX
.l1eBytuICH ,/IeBywelC nCByuleK .l1eByutnx nes)'lllKaM ncoYWKaMlf
"",,"w
-,"""p ,"""p
cecrpaM oecrpaMH
ynHUbI ynHUbI yllllU ynHuax ynHuaM ynHnaMH
:liMnH
"Mm
"'"'"
3C"-U1J1M 3CMJIllMH
.o.lineii
ilieii wino, winoM winoM'
4. .llscpb-noWis SINGULAR N
A
doo'
notebook
line, tum
thing
mother
daughter
J(IICPb ,llBCPh
TCTp;l,o,b
Bel1\b Bellib
MaTb
AO'lb
reTIXtAb TeTIXtAH l'CTpaAH l'CTIXtAII TeTpaJIblQ
O'lCpe):(b O'lCpeHh O'fcpeJlH O'lCpeJ,lH 6'1cpeJlH 6'fCpeJlblO
.,"'"
M'Th
):(0%
BelliH BelliH IIClliblQ
MarepH MareplI MlnCpH MarepblO
HO'lCPH JtO'lCPlt AO'lCpli HO'fCphlO
"''l'M" l'CTpa,QH
PL.URAL O'fCpenll 6'1cpeJlH
fleW"
TeTpMCl1 TCTpMSJX TCTp;l,o,SJM
o'lcpeJIcii O'lcpe):(Jix O'fCpeAAM
BCllill IIcl1\cii ~wax ucwaM
MaTepll MaTepCH M3TCpeii M3n::pJix MarepliM
):(O'lCpll JIo'fcpeii JIO'lCpeH HO'lCpJix HO'lCPliM
TeTp;l,o,llMIl
O'lCpe,1\lIMIf
BCll\aMIl
MarepliMIl
• ,
llB~PH 1l1l~PII J,lBePIl JIBepblO
N
HBepH
A
llBCPIi Ltscpeii .uaepJix JUlCPJlM
G 0
G
•
0
,
{ JUlCPliMIl ):(8CPhMJl.
{
AO'lCP~"{jj 1l0'fCPllMH
5. HMB-nouns (neuter) PL.URAL.
SINGULAR
N A
G
• ,o
name
time
llMSJ
UpCMll IlpeMll Bpe.\lCHIl 8peMCHIl BpCMcnll BpeMeHcM
KM, RMelfl! llMeHH llMeHII RMelieM
N A
G
• , 0
names
times
IfMel:l3 HMella liMen HMCllax IIMeH
8peMeHa IIpcMcna IlpeMeH 8pcMeHax BpeMCHaM BpcMCllaMIl
6. NoWls with declension irregularities
. SINGULAR
church N
A
G
• , 0
N A
G
• , 0
U:CPIW8b UepKOBh UepKBIl I.\CpKBH u:ePKIlH UCpKOBhlO
uepKll1f l.\epKBIi UCpKIlCii UCPKllh ucpKBaM ucpKaaMIf
neighbor
00""
coce,1\a coceJl,a
brother
choir
leaf
6paT 6paTa 6paTa
crYJl cryJl cryJla cryJle cT'jJlY CT'jJlOM
JIJl.CT JlRCT JlIICnl JlIlCTC JlIICT'j
oomy
6pa", 6pa,."
COceHOM
6paTOM
coceAc
oo
oo
PL.URAl 6paTbSJ 6paTbCB 6paTbCB 6paTbSJx
6pan>lIM 6paTbSlMH
CryJlbll CT'jJlbll cryJlhea JlbliX CTyJlbliM crYJlbSJMH
crY
JIIlCT6M
JlHCTbSJ Jll1cn'll JlUCTbCB JJ1teTbllX JlJl.CTbSJM JlllCTbllMH
pm ncpO
"pO HCpa
",'"
nepy nep6M
nepbll nephll nepbcB IH~PbllX ncpbSJM nepl>lIMH
(com.)
APPENDIX
455
(com.) SINGULAR
"u
hwlxmd
G
,",p,,,,
,
lIepese nepeBY lICpeBOM
MY><'
nepeBO ,nepeBO
N A
, 0
"'" W.
My>< My..-a
cblHa CblHa
MY>
W~
Mj"lKy Mj»;eM
CblHY CblHOM
friend
cili:en
npYr lIpjra
rpa:.:,n:ulliH JllIDKna IlitHa rpa:.:.naHKHa rpa:teJ:taHKlte
llPira ,npyre npyry lIPyroM
rpa~aHllHY
rpa:lKlIall.llllOM
l'l.URAl.
.uCpCBb}! .uepeDb}! nepeDbCS nepeBblllt JlepeBbJlM nepeBbJlMH
N A
, , G 0
CblHODbH CblllOBCif cl.llloneif CblHOBb.MX CblHOBbiM CblIlOBbRMH
MYJKbH MYJKcif M)'lKei'i M)'JKblix Mpa.Ji\l M)'lDoliMH
APy3b.M .upyJiif np~H
I1p)'3bU .a;p)'3bliM IIp)'3b.MMH
rpa)((,Uallc rpa»utaH rp;l.JKJ(aH rpiqaH3X rpa1U3HaM
~aHaMK
SlN
M,.
Georgian
,
rocnO.nHH rocnOmflla rocno.nHlla rocllo.uIlHC rocnO.nHHy rocnO.nHIIOM
JllPKII rppHll3 I'py:lIhm rpY:lIilte Jll)'3HIlY Jll)'3HIIOM
N
roctlo.na,
A
rocnOIl
,
rocnoll rocnonix rocno.rolM rOCnon.3Mlt
JllPHHbI JllPHII rp)'3HH rp)'3HIl3X rpPHHaM rp)'3lillUMH
N A
,
G 0
"""' 'leJTOeeK 'leJlOBCKa 'leJlOl!¢Ka 'lCnOBCKe 'leJTOBCKy 'lMOSeKOM
PLURAL
G
, 0
baby, child pe6eIIOIl: pe6elln pe6ellK3 pe6eIlKC pc6eIlKy pe6eHKOM
--
mO.llH moneii nlOlIcH mOlIllx mO,ll)lM nlOnbMH
lItTK
lICTJlM JteTbMH
schi
Ami
ncr"
7. Nouns used in the plural
N A
, ,
G 0
456
APPENDIX
<10=
kids. guys
money
wallMaThi WaXMaThi wAxMaT WaXMaTaX WaXMaT3.\l IUaXMaTaMH
pe6RTa pe6RT
.a;eHbl"'H
","'"
.aCHer JteHbrax nellbr3.M JIC'lIbraM"
pe6liTaJ: pe6.MTaM pe6lirdMIl
nCHbrH
m.
"'we." m"
will>! WaMJol
Adjective declension Singular
UASC\lUNE AND N!!lITER
(m) Hos",ii N (n) HOBOe
MonoJloii
citllHii
llpyr6ii
pYocl"HK
MOJIoll6c
CHHee
HPyr6e
pYCCJ:oe
6onbw6ii 6onbW6e
pYcaoro
6oJlbw6ro
xop6wero
pyCCKOM
XOpOWCM XOpOWCMy
(animate _ genitive; inanimate _ nominative) G "oaoro MOJIOllOrO cHHCro npyr6ro p 11680101 MOJlOliOM CHHCM llpyr6-"l
xop6wHM xop6wee
A
o
lloaoMy
MOJlO.rrOMY
CIIIlCMY
npyr6My
pyCCKOMy
6oJlbw6M 6oJibwoMy
I
11681>1101
MOJlOLIhIM
CIIHIlM
lIPyniM
pyCCKHM
60JlbWIIM
XOp6UlItM
PYccK3.11 pyCCJ()'IO
60Jlbwall
xOpOwax
6onbwjto
XOp6U1)'lO
.npyroii
PYcatOH
6oJlbwoii
XOpOWCK
Plural CHime JlpyrHC (animate = genitive; inanimate _ nominative)
PYCCkllC
60JlbllJlle
XOpOWIIC
6oJlbUlHJI:
XOp6WHX
FEMININE N
1I0BaJI
Monona"
CHHJUI
A
HOB)'IO
MOJlO.njlo
CMHlOjQ
G,'.}
HOBON
MOJIOHaii
N A
;j ,•
1l0Bbie
MOnOltWC
1I0BblX
MOnO.ubrlt
cMllHX
npynix
PYCCIOIX
npyniM llPyrHMH
pYCCKHM
60JlbWHM
XOpOWHM
pyCC':HMH
6o.nbWKMH
XOpOWHMH
H08b1M
MOJIOllblM
CHRIlM
HOal>lMH
MOJlOm:.MIt
CHFmMH
Pronoun declension 1. Personal pronouns and interrogatives KTO and 'ITO
, • ,
;
N
MCHli
G
0
MCtvi
MHe MHe { MHOil MHOIO
,,"
n:6.1i l'e6.1i Tc6C
-
I
T066'
T066~
OH,OH6 er6,lIcrO crO,Itcr6 HeM cMj, HeMY HM,HKM
Ollil ee, HeC ee, Hce
seii
eM, lIeH { tHo HeH elO. "CIO
'"
M" HaC lIac
,k
,', ,iw
....""""
HaMH
",M.
om; !ix,HKx !ix, lIIix
liM, miM
n6 .:or6 .:or6 1t0M 1t0Mj
,,6 'T6 'Icr6 "M 'IC..\lY
UMH. IIII.\lH
,tM
'16.1
'Kx
Note: The rcncxive personal pronoun ce6li has no nominauve form; it declines like...w: c:e6Ii, ce6e, co66ii.
2. Possessive pronoun modifiers and interrogative 'iCii
who.~e
Singular
MASCULINE AND NEtJI'ER
-
,,.
M6' ",6' N(m) (nl MO< A (animate - geniuw:; inanimale _ nominauw:) G 'IbCr6 Moero noere 'IbCM MoOM TBlXM 'IbCMj MoeMy TBOCMY 'lbHM MOHM TBOHM
,,"
• ,•
"". ~O<
,'m
"'''''
Clioer6 CBoCM caoeMj CBOHM
"''''''0 HaWCM
CIIO~
113weMy lIawHM
",m
urn, aawero B.3WCM aawcMy BaWHM
fEMININE
, N
n
'lb~
MO; 1101010
TOoli TROK>
cBolO
HaWa mlmy
aam3
'lblO
,....
Moe'
TBOCii
~oe'
lIaweA
BAWCK
Barny
APPENDIX
457
Plural N A
MOH 1110H '11." (animate _ genitive; inanimate = nominative)
~I
D
,
CBOIl
HaUJlt
llaWIt
'IbHX
MOHX
TBollx
CBOllX
Hawllx
OalIJHX
'lhIlM 'lbHMH
MOllM MOIlMH
TUOHM
CllOHM CllOllMH
U{WHIM
l'80J1MIf
BaUH/M lJaWltMlt
HaWltMH
Note: The third person possessivcs el"6, ee, and Hx do not decline.
3. Declension of OAHU one, :hOT 'his, TOT 'hat, and sec.. all Singular
MASCULINE AND NEUTER
OIllill :hOT OltHO :ho (animate = genitive; inanimate _ nominative) O,ilHOro :horo OltHOM :hONl O/l:nOM)' 3TOMy OltHIlM :hllM
(m) (,j
N A
,
G
, D
,6, ,6 Toro TOM TOM)' TC!vI
BeCI. BCe acero DeeM nceM)' aeeM
FEMININE
N A
n
olIn:i O,llHY
jHI
1'3-
j,y
ry
ad BCIO
OlIlIOil
JTOii
Toil
IIceil
"
,,'
Plural N A
~) , D
jTll omlli (animate = genitive; inanimate _ nominative)
OllllllX
jnlX
TeX
acex
OJtlniM
:hltM jnJMI1
"M
aeeM BCCMH
OltHllMII
TeMI1
Verb conjugation I. First conjugation verbs IMPERFECTIVE ASPECf INFINmVE
PAST
PIUiSENT
'1l1TaTb
mJC3Th
1I0Jl3T11
ne'lb
OOBeTOBaTb
npOCbmltTbCll
read
write
crawl
bake
advise
w(lke up
'lIiTan
n6m
lle"
COI\(hODaJI
'H1Tana
nllcan llHc3.na
1I0JlJJl3.
nCKJl3.
COlleTOBana
npoCblmlnClI llpocbl minUCb
'lIIT3JIO
ImcaJlO
IJOJlJJlO
nCKJlO
COfleTOBaJlO
npOCblllMOCb
'tHTanll
nltcaJIII
1l0JlJJlH
nCKJlH
COOeTOBaJIH
npocblmUU1Cb
'Hmho
[mm)'
nom)'
liCK)'
COlleTYIO
npocbJIJalOCb
'l1tT.3.Clllb
nJIWCWb
1I0JlJeWb
nC'Ielllb
cooeryewb
npocblnaCW1>Cll
'H1TaCT
nOJ13CT
IIC'leT
coBeTyeT
npoChinaeTOI
nOIlJCM
ne'leM
coaeTycM
nOJlJeTe
nC'leTC
coBeTyere
npochlnaeMcll npocblnacTCCb
'1I1TaIOT
miwcT llliweM mirneTc mlluyr
nOJJ3yT
nCKYT
COBCTyKlT
np<>cblm'tIOTcll
'lHTaH
llIlUUI
IIOJl3If
nCJ<;J!
'lIlTalm:
IJHIlIIITC
nOJlJHTe
neKIiTe
COIle-l'yH cooerymc
npocbJ rrillcll npocblmlihecb
'llfTaeM
'llnacre
IMPERATlVE
Note: The imperfective fUlUre is formed by combining the future forms of 6bm. with the imperfective infmitive: 6yIIY ,,"TIlTh, 6Y.n;CUlh "MTan., and so forth.
458
APPENDIX
PERfECTIVE ASPECT
INfiNITIVE
npo'lHTan. ,
nanHcan. wriu
ynoJl3T11 craM" away
bek.
llocoeeroean. advise
npoeHYrbOl ....ake up
npo'lKTin Ilpo'lHTina npo'lHTanO npo'lHTaJHt
HDIlHcan Hallllc3.na 113mlca.no llanllCann
ynM3 ynon3JJ3 ynOJl3JJO )'lIOJl3JJH
llcneK Hcnexm'J HCnCJ:JIO HcncKJIIl
Il~TOIl3Jl
nocoBtTosana llocose-rosano nOCOOeTOOaJlII
llpOCHynar npoeHyJlaa. npoellyJlOCb IlpoeHynHcb
fUTURE
IIPO'lIlTlllo llpO'lHTIlCWb npo'lIlT3.CT Ilpo'lHrieM npo'lHn'teTC npo'lKTIUoT
HallHmy 1t3nHWCWb HafTIlWeT HaIlHWe.\1 llanHwere HaJlHWYT
ynOJl3Y ynOJl:)CWb ynOJI3CT ynonJeM yno.nlCTe ynOJl3Yr
HcncKy llCne'lCWb IlCnC'lCT HCne'lCM HCJ1e'leTe Kcncr;yr
II0c0oCTyIO nOCOBthyewb nocoIICTyeT nocoBtT}'eM nocose-ryere nOCOBCT)'tOT
npoeHycb npocnCUJbClI npoeHCTCJ/ npocnCMClI IlpocHCTeCb IlpocHyYClI
IMP£RATIVE
npo'lHTIlit npo'lHnHrre
1l311IlUnl H3I1HWH.Te
yno.n3H )'llo.n3HTe
Hcnet:K HCllCJiJi"re
nocoBttyil: nocoBCryitTe
npocHKCb npoeHKrea.
'AST
HcnCon.
Note: Perreclive verbs are nol used in the present tense.
2. Second conjugation "erbs lMPERF£Cl1VE ASPOCT 1l'-'FINmVE
'AST
PRESIlNT
....n. believe
Y'lH-n.c1l Jtudy
SePM oepiUla BepllnO BCpHJIII
)"IHnCl )"lHnaCb Y'lKnOCb Y'lHnHCb
DeplO sepHWb acpKM
)"lyCb )"lllUJbCli )"lHTC1I )"lHMClI
IICPHTe sePlfT
:f'i3TClf
"p>IT
IMPERATIVE
..
".. DCPbTe
j'l.HTeCJo
)"'IKCb
,..""""
CMO"l'pCn.
CToin.
mOOKn.
look
"wuf
lo~
CMoT¢na CMOrpC,nO CMOTpMll
~o"""
CTOlin CTolina CTOlinO CTOsVm
CMOTpIO CMOTpHWb CMOTpHT CMOTpKM CMOrpHTe CMOrp1lT CMOrpH CMOTpkre
npoeKn.
cep.a.Kll.C" be tmgry
mo6""
npoeli:n npoelina npocKno npoeHnH
cepmlnClI oePlllinacb oePJlKnOCb cePilHnllCb
CTom CTOMWb croKT CTOH.\{ CTOKn CTOil-
mo6mo mOOllUJb m06KT 1II06KM Jli06KTe nOOlfT
npowy np6cHwb npOcKT "p6a
"pocn
ceP»:YCb tePilMWbClI cePllHTCli cePllHMClf cePJlKTeCb cipll.llTal
CToii CTOiiTe
mOOH mookre
npoeH npoeKTe
cePIlKCl. cepJ.Uhea,
moolina mooli:no m06KnH
Note: The imperfective ruture is ronncd by combining the ruture ronns Or &:01. with the infinitive: 6jJ1.Y BCptrTb, 6j~eun. "tlPlITb, and so rorth. (cont.)
APPENDIX
459
(rO!lf,) PERFECT1VE ASPECT
belie~'e
tlaY'lIiThC}! learn
look
nOCTOJfTb sland
OCTaBIlTb leave
mk
paccePllHTbCl! become (II1gry
em
nOBepl1J1 nOBCpllJIa nODepllJIO 1l0BepUJlIl
HaY'uwclI lIaY'uinacb Hay'llinocb Hay'lKrilfcb
nocMoTpen nocMoTpena nocMoTpe.no nocMoTpCJlIl
nocToin nocToina nOCTOsiJTo nOCTOJfJTIf
ocni.BllJl OCTaBIlJTa ocniBllJIO OCTaBllJllt
norrpocHJI flonpDCliJTa nOnpOCllJIO nonpocuJIIl
paccePllllilcl! paccePlliU:J3Cb paccepmtrrOCb paccepnMJTIICb
FUTURE
nODcplO nOBeplllllb nODepUT nOBcpllM nODcpllTe 1I0DePllT
Hay'lycb llaY'IIlUlbCll" Hay'llITclI lIaY'IllI>lClI HaY'IHTeCb lIay'laTclI
nOCMOTplO nocM6TpIlI!Jb nOCMOTpIiT nOCMOTpIlM 1I0CMO'ipiiTe IIOCM6TPllT
nOCTOIO OCTaBJllO nocrOMWb OCTaBmIlb nOCTOHT oc-rADItT nOCTOHM OCral'lllM nOCTOHTe OCTaBItTe nocTokr OCTaDlIT
nonpowy nonpOcMWb nonp6cll'r nonpOcHM nonpOcHTC 1l011p6ClIT
paccep:t:ych paCCePlUilllbCli paCCepJlIiTClI paccep)I,HMClI paccep11HTeCh paccCPJJ.lITClI
IMPERATIVE
IIODCp!. lloaepbTC
uay'llicb HaY"HTCCb
nOCMOTpH nOCMOTpliTe
"OCToJ1 nocToiiTc
nonpocH nonpocliTe
pacccp,!:\»Ch paccePAliTeCb
INI'INlnvE
nODcp"Th
nOCMOTpCTh
OCTa(lb OCTl18I>TC
nonpocliTl>
Nole: Perfective verbs are not used in the presenl lense,
3. Irregular verbs XOTeTb (ipfv)
.naT!. (prv)
\l'a!lf
gil'e
PAST
xOTlin xoTi:JTa XOTCJTO XOTeJTll
A'"' Aan' A,",O A'"'"
PRESENT
xO'ly x6'1cUJI> XO'leT xoniM xOTlire XOTJfT
IMPERATIVE
(none)
INFINITIVIl
FUTURE
A'M n3llJb nkT nimiM .ua.I1H,e na.atr
aMi naJ1Te
Other verbs conjugated sImilarly arc: 38XOTeTh (pfv), llpO,/.uiTh (p[v), perfcctive verbs formed by adding prefixes to the above basic verbs.
460
APPENDIX
llo~aTb
(P[v), lICpeA8Tb (p[v), and all other
Reference list of verbs' I)
6lin.1(pfVOO-)
17
hit ache fear take
fio.rJen. II (prv 110-)
16 60mclln (prv 110-) 14
6pin.l (prv Blliin.) 6bm. (prv 00-) 4
8
13
""
uptffi.u(pfve-) 17 Mprn. II (prv 00-) 15 ~ I (ipfv soJ,8plUllana) 16 BUn. I (ipfv fipan.) 6 BIi./(en. II (prv y.) 2,6 8MdTb 1I (prv 110") 15 B03llpJ.tU.ITJ.Cllll (prv BePH:fn.cR) 16
rook believe
return take S
be hanging return
IlOini I (ipfv BXOrom.) 4 II (ipfv BCTpe'dn) 11 ~ II (ipfv BW6pic:wun..) 17 aWroeoptrn. II (ipfv awroUJl'IUTlo) 11
enler
KTJIC'.'"
""""
discard. throw out pronounce, utter go (or come) out drink
aWiTlIl (ipfv ....xoLJlin,) 14 Bbourn. I (ipfv min.) 13 Bhr'repeTb I (ipfv BLlTKpA.....) 17 BWXOrofn, II (prv eWiiTK) 14 BWXOn,Mn. (eWiiTN) :l8..\f)'* 18
r .ll
w;p< go (or come) out get married
roeopWn. II (prv 00- or CKWn.) J7Jrin. I (prv 00-) 14 ll,Ullin. T (prv Ain.)
speak, say stroll gi~
14
ltaT!, (ipfv romhb) 13 .ninan. 1 (prv c- or 00-) 3 ,!Iocoaoplin.cJf II (ipfv ltoroBipHBaTI.CII)
give do. make II
LlocTuirn,1 (prv,llOC'rin.) 13 ,oonjn. I (ipfv Aocruirno) 4 ~n.1 (prv 00-) 6
agree. come to terms get hold of get hold of think
E
bJum. II (prv 00-) 12 exaTh r (prv 00-) 12
go (by vehicle) be going (by ychicle)
jI(
"""10 I (110,'10-)
9 zenan.l (110-) 18 On. I (00-) 9
wail wisb
n6waan. I (prv u6Wn.) 14 386Wn. I (ipfv 3fI6wain.) 7 38JUiMaTbOll (ipfv 3a.a:YMhlB1TIoCliI) 18 :Wint I (ipfv 3aXO.u;Kn.) 13 38KWTlo I (ipfv 3aK1.3blUT") 12 :wcpWn. I (ipfv laxpwd:n.) 3 DMeain. II (ipfv a",erin,) 4 a'fbwn. II (ipfv :p.\leorin.) J 3 u..\flirm.-n. cOOeo (or cnoIIi<&.."1l) II (prv) 9 :JaIlIl.dna I (pry DO- or :Jlltfirn,n) 18 3lU111anrn. n (ipry DJlanin.) 12 3apaMTWBaTi. I (pfy 3llpat'i6Tan.) 18 3llxoJl,lin. II (Pfv:llli'ni) 4 3aXOTen. II (ipfv XOTen.) 18 :JUn. I (pry 00-) II ~n(pfyDO-) 7 :wan. I (ipfy) 3
forget forget sink into reyerie drop in. go behind order do",
3
ti~
,""b~
notice put in a good word study, busy oneself pay earn drop in. go behind
want
know
• Roman numerals 1 and II rcrer 10 the: first and second conjugations. Arabic numerals rcrer to the lesson in which the verb was initially presented (usually in the Preparation ror Conversation). ~ other me:mber or the: aspect pair is indicated parenthetically; ror tnc sake or completeness some: ve:rbs nOl rormally presented or drilled in the telll arc included here. The translations gi\'Cn are tnc most basic ones. APPENDIX
461
11
K
K1lllin. I (cwrplin. or l~) II KllTH I (pfv 110m) I K38Mlum. II (ipfv 1l18KHin.) I ll3MeHWr.. II (iprv ll3MettWTb) 4 .......epecoean. I (prv 3a-) 18 KK'repecouTloCll r (prv u-) 18 1ICdn. r (prv l~) 12 Mcue-... l (iprv DC'!..) 17 ....-nir I (see "J[Tli) I KIDii~I(prV_)
6
I (prv ..-6tI...,....,) 14 t4'6N'lwn. II (ipfv KOH'Jiin.) 14 Kymin. 1I (iprv OOkynjn.) 4 ~n.
Jl
nedn. II (pfv 00-) 18 JlI06Iin. II (prv 00-) 10
M
",eonin. I (prv no-) 18 ",ewin.1 (prv 00-) 17 MOon. I (prv e-) 7
H
o
n
~1(pfV_) 18 Ka3dn. I (ipfv ..:lilian.) 10 Ka3Hi'lJf1'1o II (iprv IIlD1U1odin.) 16 ttai'ni I (iprv ..xorom.) 17 tIlLIIIin. l (iprv ttaIllIa8n.) 18 taI~n. I (iprv ..an.) 4,7 KlpbI!n. I (iprv Bapnin.) 5 KI}"lIin.c:IIII (iprv~) 18 HaXOwin. II (prv HaiTii) 17 HUo,lllin.an(prvRaiTia.) 17 ..Un. I (iprv 1I......n.) 18 IfOCIirn, II (prv 00-) 15 KpUMTbC:lIII (prv 00-) 11,16
06i~an. l (prv 00-) 5 06pa'l"'llTI.alll (iprv ofiPlllllliTbCtl) 16 06pautli'l1oall (prv 06paTlin.al) 16 o*ilJU,n. I (iprv) 8 OK6u'l1f11o II (iprv OKliH'lKJIJITb) 18 ouli]JlWBan. l (prv OIIO]~jn.) II OlJ03~liTb I (iprv OlllllllbUUITb) 11 ocriBIfTb II (iprv OCTa.a.Un.) 7 ocriTbCfl I (iprv OCTaBliTLCllI) 17 0l1le,'KTIo II (iprv oTBe..an.) 3 oTBe'lan. I (prv one-11IT1.) 3 OT~OXHjn. I (iprv OT~wXllin.) 14 OT/.lbIxan I (prv OT,1tOXHj'n.) 14 O1'J{pt:.lBlin. I (prv OTKphrn.) II 01'J{phrn. I (prv OTKJlWBllT") 3,7 uepeJtlin (lprv lIepeJl:aa.tin) 18 (iprv nepexomm.) 14 nepexomm. II (prv uepeihli) 14 nen. (prv eo) 13 JJ6otJ. qprv 11(:- or e-) 17 OIICin.l (prv u-) 4,7 min. I (prv aWo) 5 on.Tlin. II (prv J.ao) 12 no6Wn. 1 (iprv fiWn.) 18 no.eptrnou(iprvaipwn.) 15 noaTopj'n. II (ipfv OOBTOpjTL) I aoroHplin.ll (iprv ro-oplin.) II DOt7mn. I (ipfv ry.nrn.) 14 IJOMn. (ipfv ao.!Ia.e.6n.) 9 Ilepeiini I
462
APPENDIX
play be going cxcuse change interest be interested
."k
"'k, be going
""" finish fmish boy
Iio
'0'" d~
disturb, stir be able, can bop'
name set, designate find
PO"'
write
slice leam find be situated
begin
"'''' like:
eat dinner
consult consult
"P'ct
finish be late be late
..
, '"
remain, be left answer answer rest
"'''
0"'" 0P'" hand over, pass cross, switch, go over cross, switch, go over sing
"'k, write
drink p'y
be (ror a while) believe
",p"''' talk stroll give, submil
1l0Aenlni (ipfv Ablln) 17 IIOAo~n I (ipfv -mln) 8 ooAoini I (ipfv oo»oJJ,JiT..) 7 ooJJ.YMln I (ipfv JJ.YMln) 7 ooellUlTlo II (ipfv c:wm.) 18 noenn. I (ipfv inn) 12 DOlrin. I (ipfv min.) 18 oo)l.lltl....iT1oCl I (ipfv JaHlI.....IT...c.) 18 ooDOHin. " (ipfv~) 1 OOJalk6!lom. II (ipfv lUKO....lIT1o) 10 003llUt.-6MJrn..al1l (ipfv ] ~ ) 6 IIOtrrpIin I (ipfv IfI1)i.n) 18 UOfKXin I (ipfv lICl>."iin) 18 ooiri I (ipfv lIJl'ni, lITri) 3 llOKI]jn I (ipfv no,di3W.ln) 15 nod:lWUTb I (pfv oon3in.) 15 1lOK)'Idn.1 (pfv lCyroi'rJ.) 4 00JIed.n. n (ipfv nnriin) 18 00JImn. II (ipfv ne...en) 18 00JI3T1i1(pfv.-) 17 OOJIOUTt.1I (ipfv ICnacr..) 12 1.lOJJy·"CTlo II (ipfv IIOnY'uiT") 9 n6",mllTlo II (pfv Be-) I I IIOMoran. I (pfv ooMO....) 16 1101'010 I (ipfv uOMoran) 16 OO..lI. iiT.. I (pfv oo.. tin.) 6 IlOHpJiBIfl"IoaI II (ipfv Hp8BII'TIoI::I:) II ooo6EJJ,1Tl> I (ipfv 06i~n.) 5 oonpoain. II (ipfv opoalTt.) 7 oopa6On.TIo I (ipfv pa66TaTlo) 18 IJOCIlJ.tin. II (ipfv~) 18 DOCJliIn I (ipfv ooc:w.rdn) I DOCJIj"WITlo I (ipfv cnjwan.) 13 000Kl,.,m. II (tpfv CMOTpin.) 4 llOCOIliroun I (tpfv roae-roun) 13 oocutn. II (ip(v cniin) 18 lIOCT1IPi..... I (ipfv Cllr)dn) 18 ~ 11 (ipfv (Torno) 18 IJOC'l")MStm. II (ipfv np6wn.) 15 lIOC'T)'Uin I (pfv lJOCJ)'IBin.) 3 lIOCT)'IIIin. II (ipfv IIOn'}'fdn) 18 DOCT)'.... n II (ipfv crY'lIin) 18 ~nl(ipfvTllHlletJiTh)
18
OOTtplin I (ipfv Teprn.) 11 ooxo,wm. II (ipfv xoJJ,JiT..) 18 upewuu-an I (pfv npeJJ,JKr,Em) 14 uptLlJlOUTt. II (ipfv ll))CJ1Jlaran) 9 npt./ICTaallTh II (ipfv upeACTllBJJin) 16 IIptACTl8JlliT.. I (pfv npe:ACTaaHTlo) 15 npt./ICTllBJIlln. (or npt./IcriBIITlo) cdie 15 uptllOJlllBan. J (ipfv) 18 ~1(ipfvnpHBWJCin) 14 1lpKJ"JU.am. II (ipfv DpHrnawan) 15 npwnawan I (pfv IIJl'II"llaam.) 15 lIpIIb.lTIo I (ipfv IIp1leldn) 12 IlpIIiiTIII (ipfv opuomin.) 14 opdTiIcJ. I (ipfv fIJlOo~) 17 IYpiMKcri I (ipfv DJHIIIOCIin.) 8 II'pIIlIOCD1. II (pfv nplQttCri) 13 JIINlXomm. II (pfv 1IpIIini) 14
opoA........ [(prv o:poIlin) 13 O:PO!lo.md.n. I (prv opD)l6mlam.) 16 opoiiri I (ipfv opDxoNffi,) 6 opooicn. (ipfv npona.ttin) 18 opoain. II (pfv.-) 12 IIpOCHjn.cv I (ipfv opocwnaThC'll) 18
do wait approach think drive (a bill go (by vehicle) live (for a while) study, be busy (for a while) pbo~
introduce: 0>«1
play (for a while) look for go show show boy lie (for a while) fly be crawling pUI, lay get
remember help help understand Iik' eal dinner ask, request work (for a while) Sil (for a while)
""'"
listen
take a look advise sleep (for a while), take a nap do the wash stand (for a while) buikl. join, enroll: act, behave join, enroll; act. behave knock. rap daoce (for a while)
1= walk a bit suggest suggest present present imagine instruct get used to invite invite arrive (by vehicle) come, arrive have to bring bring come, arrive
"'1
continue pass, go through vanish, be lost request, ask wake up APPENDIX
463
npocwml.n.OI r (prv llPOCKjTI.cll)
P
npoxoJ.Uin, II (pfv npom)
9
IIJlO'IKTftn. I (ipfv 'IlITlin)
13
18
paooran I (pfv 110-) 2 PaJpetmITb II (ipfv paJpetllan.)
12 paccep~ II (ipfv CCprofn,cSl) 16 pacni I (pfv BbI-) 17 pewKn. II (ipfv pelUan..) 18
C
awm.cllll (pfv Cecrb)
14
CBapHn.1l (ipfv aaplfTb) 17 c,l:tbJaTlo I (iprv ~b1an) 9 ceProfn,cll Il (pfv pac-) 16 CllJte-rb II (pfv 110-) 10 cKaJan. I (ipfv rOBOpHTb) I CJloMaTbI(ipfvJlo~an) 16 cny'fliTbCM n (ipfv CJly'IaTbClI) 16 cnYwBn I (pfv 110-) 7 c.rn:nuan Il (prv y-) 2 CMO.."en. Il (pfv uo-) 5 CM6'{b I (ipfv MO'lh) 7 CIOIMaTloI (prv ClIII.Tlo) 15 COOllJlaTbCM I (pfv c06paTbClI) 18 couhoBan. I (pfv 00-) 13 coifI'M J (ipfv CXOJl.Wrb) 16 cwl.n n (pfv no-) 12 meunITb Il (pfv no-) 2 cupaWHBBTb I (prv Cllpoa(rb) 8 CUpoaITb II (iprv CUp8uutBaTb) 8 CTaHOBHn.c1l 1I (pfv cnin) 16 rnTb I (ipfv eraUOBMThC'Il) 18 CTIlpan. I (prv 00- or BbI-) 17 er61lTb II (ipfv) 12 CTOIITb II (pfv 00-) 4 erp6lfTb II (prvno-) 15 CT)"Ian. II (prv 110-) 17 C'lmn. r (pfv co-) to cwrpaTb I (ipfv Hrp:lTh) 14
T Y
1'8HItcB.lhb I (prv 00-) 10 TepMn. I (pfv lI(I-) 17
wakc up pass read work
pennit become angry ",ow decide, solve sit down
rook do
be angry sit say, tell break
happen listen hear look be able take ofT, lake a picture gather, get ready, plan advise go ofT, get ofT (or down) sleep borry ask. inquire ask, inquire become, gct, step, sland become, get, step. stalld wash, launder
'""
stand build knock count, consider play dance
10",
yliHBan I (prv y6m.) 17 YBH.!ICTL 1I (iprv BH.!ICTL) 10 YJl.HBJJJI'TbClI I (prv YJl.JIlllfrbCII) 12 ye:slKan. I (pfv ye)(an) 16 yexanl(ipfvycJ:dn) 16 y:man I (iprv Ylllasan.) 7 ynkfb I (iprv ml.llBn) 16 yIIOJI]"Ilf: I (ipfv YIIOJlJan.) 17 yCJIblwanII (ipfvem:nnan) 13 ymen.. I (ipfv ycnesan) II yrnn.. I (ipfv ycraun) 11 ycrpOHTh II (ipfv ycrp3HBan) 18 YCTp6I1ThCB II (ipfv ycrp8HBaTbC'll) 18 )"Qin. II (pfv ua-) 6 y'fIiTI.ca" (pfv UB-) 18
crawl away hear succeed, manage, have time get (or be) tired arrange, set up be arranged, get settled learn, teach leam, study
X
XOJtHn, II (pfv 00-) II XoriTb (prv 3a-) 3 XOTenCIl (pfv )3.-) 5
go, walk. attend want feel like
q
'Iman.. I (pfv npo- or no-) 1 'ljBcrBOBBTb I (pfv 110-) 16
read
464
APPENDIX
kill
""be surprised go away (by vehicle) go away (by vehicle) find out, recognize
fall
f~1
Russian-English Vocabulary Arabic numerals refer to the lesson in which the word was introduced or discussed. Nouns are given in their nominative singular form, or, ifuscd only in the plural, in their nominative plural fonn. Where an inserted vowel occurs in the nominative singular, the genitive singular is also indicated. Verbs are given in their infinitive form, with tbe third person plural present-future sometimes also provided. Perfective verbs are marked prv; imperfective verbs are not marked. Roman numerals I and II refer to the first and second conjugations. Long·form adjectives are given only in the nominative singular masculine fonn except for soft stems, where feminine and neuter forms are also provided. Prepositions are accompanied by a parenthetical indication of the case they require. A. • and, but. by the way, how about a ah,oh 2 aaT06yc bus I IBTopjottel fountain pcn 17 I ..a [aha 1 aha! ahhh! 7 I).tMKHMcrpaTop clerk, administrator 12 Allewa (var. of AneKcCH) Alyosha (Alex) 17 aMo hello (telephone only) 7 AMepH"a America 6 IMCpKK8HeU,-UUa American (m) 6 IMepKte8HKI American (f) 6 lMepMK8HCkd American (adj) 6 AHaTOlld Anatoly (Anatole) 18 loulpiT apparatus, camera 15 blllc atlas 8 .yJ.lJO"6...a lectun: room, auditorium, classroom 6 b oh! 4
••
6a6YUlKI grandmother 17 hoi. luggage, baggage 12 6........1lk baggage oompanment, trunk 12 tic, 6e:Jo (plus gen) without 9 6e3.l1;jWHWi unfeeling, heanless 16 6ric601l baseball I I 6illwii white 13 6epj,kpeuu.(presof6p3.n.) 13 6eautliTHO free 3
fiJt6JntoTtKi library 6 . fillnh ticket 12 6.n., 6f.tQT (I) to beat, hit. strike 17 fimi:J"d close, near 15 Ii6r God 15 liO.e M6i! good heavens! my God! 16 66lleH, 601lLUa, 60JlLUW sick, ill 2, 3 6oJlen., 60mrr (II) to ache. hurt 16 60JlLHW (see 66J1eH) 2, 3 60JlLWe more, bigger 5 66JJbllle HeT there isn't any more 5 6oJlbwoii large, big 6 6om,wOe cJlacM60 thanks very much 9 GoPMC Boris 7 li6pUl borsch (beet soup) 5 IiOpw (var. of bOpHC) Borya 18 608n.ca, 6o*Tca (II) to be afraid 14 6pb brother 6 fipan., 6epjT (I) to take, get 13 fipan.a (pi of 6pb) 7 6jAY. fijJlCUU,. (fut of 6wn.) 10 6jnyutee the future 18 fij.'IKi large roll, small loaf of French bread 17 fijJlo'lKi roll, bun 17 fiyJlL6H ooosollllJli, bouillon soup 17 6yt" snack bar, sideboard 14 6w. fi (conditional particle) would 17 6WJi, fiw.n.i, 6Wro, 6w.:11 (past tense of 6wn) 6wapwl fast, quick, rapid 18 6brn. to be 4
465
8 • II, 80 (plus prep or ace) in, into, ai, to llar6" railroad car 12 BaJul (vaT. of BaJlCHTHHa) Valya J7 BaM, BaMM (dat, instr of 1U.~) 9, 12 Bl,IlHIII bathroom 12 BaHIl (var. of "hall) Vanya (Johnny) 18 BapNTb (II) to cook (by boiling) 17 ali" (ace, gen of 8&1) 2 aanep custodian (m) 7 BaXTepULI custodian (f) 7 dIU, .awll, ....we, .aoul your, yours 6 ulLJlli in the dislance 15 BJlBoC.\l two together 14 IlJJPj.. suddenly 16 lIe,(lJ)6 pail. bucket IS .elUo ancr all, but, you know 9
ae3Ht
.epa
eve~here
13
faith, confidence 15
Hip. Vera 18 Ilep..-n. (II) to believe. trust 15 Bepllj'n.ct (prY,) to come back. return 16 HpytOUtU believer 15 ~PXIUti. _-. -ee. upper 12 KCenwi merry, gay, jolly 18 aCceJIO it's fun 18 ae<:tla spring II aeaeOi in spring II .eo., d , sci, ad all, whole 2,7 H"lCP evening, party (formal) 10 PO Ileotepht in the evenings 16 ae:-tepliHKa party (informal) 18 ~pnMii,
-n, -ft, evening Cadj) 13
.Be..epttAR MOCK.... Evening Moscow (newspaper) 13 se..ePOM in the evening 10 CCfO)lHR lIi'lepoM this evening 10 aiWIo (I) thing 12 alan., aOlb.\ljT (pfy I) to take, get 6 ali;l view, aspect 15 ali.neJl, aw,nena, -(I, -fl (past of 9JiJtCTb) 2 BMetl, B"WlS., -(I, -bI visible, can be seen 15 BMen. (II) to see 6 BIi*y (firsl person sg of l.IImen) 5 8KICTOP Victor 18 Blin"a fork 5 911,,6 wine 18 BIICen (II) to be hanging 15 BMYli (var. of BJfKTop) Vilya 18 BKyCllblii lasty, good, delicious 13 Bna,llllBOCTOK Vladivostok 12 BnawiMMp Vladimir 8 BMec-re togelher 10 BCe BMCcre all logether I BMCcrO (plus gen) instead of, in place of 14 BKlb down, downslairs 16 BKM3Y downslairs, below 12 BOlli waler 12 BOllOUpoaOll running water, plumbing 15 B03BPllllliTIoC':R (I) to return, come (or go) back 16 BOlD.yX air 14 .OJ.\lo. .blii possible 17 DOl",y, IIOlloMeUllo (ful of Blan.) 6 aoiiRi war 10 BOrn, BOi.QjT (pfv I) 10 enter, come (or go) in 4 lIo.nu station, terminal 12 466
VOCABULARY
BO"PYf (plus gen) around 18 Ron"oB Volkov (last name) 9 BOJIO;IlI (var. of BJlaJlllMHp) Volodya 10 BOil there, yonder 6 BOH dM over there, over yonder 6 BOK TOT that person over there 6 BOO6utt\ in general, al all 16 aOceMlo eight 10 IlOCKpeciKIoC Sunday 10 BOT herc('s), there('s) I II6T did i5 that so! 7 IIIOT 'fTo! 50 that's it! 9 aowen, BOttJJail, -0, -ii (past tense of BoiiTH) 15 BOOm completely, fully 2 IUlpO'It:.\l however, but then again 14 Bph physician, doctor 16 BpiMetIR, BpbletleM, etc, (sa BpCMJI) to 1lpe.'olR time 10 IICC, IICi, Bri, actO, etc. (see BCcb) 2, 7 aci et1li still, yet 2 aci pHIlO anyway, it doesn't matter 18 BCft'"tti always 5 BCft'"O xOpOwero good-bye 2 .d-TaKM nevertheless, still, just the same 8 BCT(Wnm. (pfv II) to encounter, meet II actO, Bcii, etc, (sa BCcb) 2 &elKMi any, anyone, anybody 16 110 Bcii,,-o.\l CIIyttU in any case 16 IITOJlHNK Tuesday 10 lip college 18 nepa yesterday I • .hI you I IIW6pocllTIo (pfv II) to throw oul, discard 17 BWrOBOPIlTIo (pfv II) to pronounce, say II • .hIm. BWi.!lYT (prv I) to go out, get off 14 "wu""'"'"' BWDIoIOT (pfv I) to drink, have a drink 13 .W'repe...., BWTpyr (prv I) to wipe, wipe olf 17 "b1xorufrlo (ll) to go out, get off 14 BblXOllMTIo (BWii"rM) :liMy. to get married 18 IIwwen,lIwUlna, etc. (pasl of IIbtiiTlI) 15
fliJeTli newspaper 13 rliItR (var, of familia) Galya 6 fJ!C where (al whal place) 2 1"1le-uu6y,nt. anywhere 18 fIle-TO somewhere 18 reorpi.u" geography 8 fnil:lllblM main, chief 18 fninDe the main thing 18 fJla3 eye 13 rnynocn (f) foolishness, stupidity 16 rnynblM foolish, stupid 16 J'Olloplin (n) to speak, lalk 1,6 1'011 year 16 II iTOM ,"oAj this year 16 fM01leH. fOJIoJtHa, rOnOlU!bI hungry 5 fon}"60ii light blue 13 fopal,no by far, much, considerably 16 fOPOJ! city, town 4 B ropo,(l (or B f6po1lC) downlown 4 fopcoetT gorsovet (city soviet or council) 2 "opli"lKi hot 12 rOCOO1la ladies and gentlemen, e'tICrybody 3 foaJOroiH
Me. 3
rOCIIOlKH Miss, Mrs. 3 l'oenillHlla hotel 12 "oToa ready 6 '''Pa-.naMe (pi of rpa)l(llallllH) citizens 12 r»1i6 mushroom 17 rpOi'tt'te louder I I"PY1M Georgian 7 rpjutla group, section 7 ryJljn. (I) to sti'"OlI 14 rYM GUM (depl. store in Moscow) 4
and 5 lla yes 2 ,[18 Hj! no k.idding! 13 ,[Iaun., !latOT (I) to give, let 14 IlUHO for a long time, a long time ago 2 .rwuti'tt, naJUi'Tc, llaItiT (see naTb) 13 ttii.:e even 5 !tiii, rollin (imper of naTb) 13 llaJIe~"ii far, far away, distant 15 Jt8Jlbllle further; continuc! go on! 4 !lAM, Illillll" llMcr (Jee nan) J 3 llapo," gratis, for nothing 18 )IaTb (pfv with irreg fut: naM, namb, ll{tCT, tUUU1M, llallHTc, nanYT) to give I) IlIIa, llIIe Iwo 6, 10 IlIICPh (f) door 4 naOp courtyard, yard 14 Ha JlIIOpe outdoors, outside, in the yard 14 .twyx'Iacoaoi two-o'clock (adj) 11 IleaYlllKa young lady, girl 9 .nea~ nine 6 IttAYw~a grandfather 17 IIriicTlllinJl_o really, indeed 16 ttinan. (I) to do, make 3 .ae.no thing, mauer, business 2 • 'fi." llMO! what's the matter? 7 IttH", l1Hi (m) day 4 ~H" poJoAAf:lUUI birthday 4 .niHbJ'H money 18 .ne-peao tree 17 .nepe.... (pI of nepcBo) 17 IlcpeslillHwii wooden 15 .nkslTL ten 10 ItCTH children 17 ll)l(h jazz, American-style popular music 13 I\HpCKTOP director 18 J!JlIllIliLlii long 17 linK (pIllS gen) for 9 ItHK (pI of .neHb) 7 , ,'10 (plus gen) before, until, up 10 9 .no ealUlllHHIl good. bye, I'll be seeing you ,[Ioop...ii kind, good II ,[I66pwii .e'lep good evening II JloaOJlctI, -Jl_a, etc. pleased 7 .noaOm.HO rather, quite, enough 14 .noroaopkn.ctl (pfv II) 10 come 10 terms II JlOt:TOP doctor 16 .nwo long. a long time 4 .nOmKeR, no.1.aa, etc. must, have to 8 ,[10M house, building 9 AOMa (pi of nOM) 9 Ao.""a al home 10 nOMoi home, homt:ward I ,[IopOra road, way, route 15 .'la
IlOpor6ii
expensive, dear 8 annoyance 5 ROT JlocjJla! how annoying! what a nuisance! 5 noc,,;, board, blackboard 4 llOCT".n.., llOC'l"alOr (I) to get (hold of) J3 ,[Iocrin., !loailt)'T (pfv I) to get (hold of) 4 JtOoteptl, JlO'tePLIO, etc. (see nO'!b) 17 ll6'lL daughter 17 lIPjr friend 9 ZlP)TOi other, different 5 lIP)")Lj (pI of npyr) 9 tJiMano (I) 10 Ihink 6 ,[Iywj soul, heart 16 ....1lJI uncle 17 ~oc'~a
E, [aniHKi Evgeny (Eugene) him, it, his 6, 10 ee her, ii, hers 6, 10 eJJl.MTb (II) 10 go (by vehicle) 12 CM (dat of aHa) 14 eMy (dat of 611) 17 eCJIIt ir 16 eeTb there is, there are 5 haTh, e.tl,)'T (I) to be going (by vehicle) 12 ewc still, yet, more 5 lice elUe still, yel 2 Cllte ~"'! and how! 14 Clue pa] once again, once more ilO (inslr of Olla) 17 en)
en"a
lir tree, Christmas tree 17 )1(*
.:anh 100 bad, pity, sorry 15 .apt"di hal 14 .lipKO (it's) hot 14 'lk!lan., )kJtjT (I) to wait 9 .e (unstressed emphalic particle) but 5 .eJI'Tb (I) 10 wish 18 .e.1lTblM yellow 13 lKeHli wife 2 *e"'x fiance, bridegroom 18 lKeHUIKKa woman 12 lKcC'r"HA hard 12 lI'eC'TKMii Bar6u second-class coach 12 )l(tbHh (f) life 18 :«Bn., ....iT (I) to live 9 lI'ypHiiJl magazine, journal 13
,, (ace, inslr) for, at, behind, after 9 :Jii ropo.n (Qr J:i 1"OpO.!t();'\ol) out of town 17 38 MeR' for me, in my behalf 9 la cro.10M at the table 14 ]a6w•• n. (I) to forgel 14 3a6.:m., 386jlJYT (pfv I) to forgel 7 uaO,[I plant. factory I DaTpa tomorrow 4 ]8JlYMaTloCfI (pfv I) to daydream 18 uiin, JaiItiT (pfv 1) to drop in, Slap by 13 18Ka3aTb, 310':)'T (prv I) to order 12 'la
VOCABUI.AR Y
467
:aalCpwn.. llU.:p6lOT (pfv I) to close, shut 3 ll.Jr hall, room 6 J.lI./I1eHlin (pfv II) to substitute 4 n/l1enrra. (pfv II) to nolice 13 3llMOJlllHTlo CJlolle'IKo to put in a good word 9 3a!tMJ>laThC8 (I) to occupy oneself, to study 18 3UltT, laHltTa, 'liHltTW busy, occupied 3 la.HiTu studies, classes 8 laO'lllJllla (ful/form CT)'JleHn:a.nO'fUHu) correspondence-school student (f) 9 U,D~T, ~a, etc. locked 4 Jail/Tarin. (pfv n) to pay 12 lapa6iTWllan. (I) to earn, make (money) 18 3axOrom. (II) 10 drop in. stop by 4 nxoTen., uxoriT (irreg) to want, feel like 18 laXO'ly, JaXO'feuu., laXOtteT, 3aXOnLo.l, la):ome, etc. (irreg fut of lUOTha.) 18 Ja'leM why, what for 6 la'leM Tooe why do you need 6 38J;1aJleHHe application 9 3B8Ta., loayT (I) to call II td... Te6ii (or BaC) JOBjT? what's your name? II lliOHIiTL (II) to ring, phone 7 380HO", -HKa bell 7 l,tlaHHe building 7 3./ttta. herc 7 3./tOpOB, -a, -101 healthy, well 2 3./tpbCTByH, l./tpaBCTByiiTe hello 3 Je,I1euwii green 13 It!MJlti earth. land 18 lll.'lta winter 2 lll.\tOM in winter II 3ItHa (var. of 3HHaw) Zina 10 :JMetl snake 17 lHa..oM. _a, _101 acquainted, familiar 10 J.HaICOMCDO acquaintance. familiarity 18 no lHnO!\lCTBY by knowing the right person, through friends 18 lHIlKOM.... (m), 3HaJ.:0!\la. (f) (an) acquaintance, [a] friend 13 lHiTa. (I) to know 3 3Ma'l""'" (II) to mean 10 3Ha'fHT it means, so, then 10
11 • u and, also, too I JiBall Ivan (John) 7 HB8UOBH'f (patronymic, son of Hdll) 9 "BauOBMa (patronymic, daughter of I'ball) 7 Hrlla gamc, play 14 Mrpan. (I) 10 play II Mrpin II KapTIoI to play cards II ".nCJ>I let's go 5 MJtni, II)tjT (I) to be going I ":a, 100 (gen) from, out of 9 .368 hut, village house IS .3.ecna1l news, news report 13 ..HJIlec:nul" lzvestw (News) (newspaper) 13 ullJOtiTr: excuse [me I I M:a,'ltetnfn. (pfl' 1I) to change 4 llICo.a holy picture, icon 15 JiJa. or 10 1iJT•••• iJUI ... either ... or 10 liM (dat of orm, instr of Oil) 1. 14. 17 "MeI'M, '.'ltetleM, JlMetla, etc. (see HMII) II
468
VOCABULARY
"Mil name. fitst name II KKa'le (or MHne) otherwise. differently 15 HH*ellcp engineer 18 HHOf"j1a sometimes 3 IIHOCTpaHClI, -HllK foreigner 15 HHcnrrjT institute 18 IIHTepkuo (that's) interesting, [I) wonder] llHTepecodin, ~CYIOT (I) to interest 18 lUlTeptCOllauca (I) to be interested in 18 HpMHa Irina (Irene) 9 MOl:h.., 1IutyT (I) to look for, seek 12 Ncuiota., McoeKjT (pfv I) to bake 17 HOlOJlHeHtte performance 13 • ItCOMttillMH performed by 13 McrOplD: historian 18 McrOpN'II history 8 trrni (var. of Hnni) I MX their, them 6, 10
K. K, KO (dat) toward, to, to see 4, 7 Kbuu>lii each, every II Ka*CTclI [it] seems 6 Ka38Ta.clI, ICbcYTclI (I) to seem 16 ..a.. how, as, like 2 lCaK ./twa? how is eve()1.hing? 2 ..... pal just, it just happens, the very thing 5, 9 ..aK TOIlLKO as soon as 17 "11"01 whal, which 9 OJ«S.TO some sort of, a. an, kind of 8. 16 ..'J>le.lHwii: [made of] stone, (made of) brick 15 lCi)ltlllo, dMBIl stone, rock 11 KmKyllhl (pi only) vacation 15 Kapamw pencil 6 KipTII map. card 8 KapniHa picture' II dcca licket window. box office. cash register 12 Kha (var. of EKaTepKHa) Katya (Kathy) 10 lCli,wa kasha (mush, cooked cereal) 5 Kllapnipa apartment 9 lCamllllJfll receipt, claim check 12 Kliell Kiev 12 KMIlOMtrp kilomcter (three-fifths of a mile) IS KHHO movies, cinema 10 ICHOcK stand. newsstand 8 KHpMJIJI Kirill (Cyril) 2 KHT.iii China g ICJly6 club I KJI.o~ key 7 KIIHI"I book 3 lCor.na when, while 10 1C0rO (gen, acc of n6) 8 ~orrO a thing or two 8 KOlIlOIl Koziol' (last name) 7 ..oOOad sausage 18 KOnOIlell, -lUll well 15 Konxol kolkboz, collective farm 15 1C000xOJIIlD: collective-farm worker (m) 15 troJlxOJIUIlIa collective-farm worker (f) IS ..onxo3Rwi collective farm (adJ) 15 Ko.IUI (var. of H..J;onaii) Kolya (Nick) 6 troMMttHOt!HWi (Marll.]lIiu) secondhand store 13 "oMHaTa room 9 ICOHeu,-HU' end 16 a lCotIqi !.:OHUOIl finally, in the end 16
IWIIC,,"0 of course, sure, certainly 4 KOlluepT concert 3 "OIl"aTL (ll to finish, end 14 "011'111"" (pfv Il) to finish, end 14 "oucihca kopeck 12 Kop06"a box (cardboard) 4 KOpOTKllii short 17 KOCMollallT cosmonaut, astronaut 18 KOCTJOM suit, COSlUme 4 KOTOpwii which, what, that 13 KOte (indecl) coffee 5 KpaclUlwii lovely, pretty, handsome 4 KpacHwii red 13 Kpaaewi yrono..: recreation room (/it. red comer) 13 Kcdnl incidentally, apropos, by the way 3 ICTO who 4 Ky.ni where (to) I K)'M (indecl) compartment 12 Kymi.tl, _., etc. (past of lCymiTL) 4 KyO...... (pfv n) to buy 4 Kypo'lKHH Kurochkin (last name) 7 Kypc class (year), course 10 qeOK, qoo piece, slice 8
JJ n Jla60paToplIII laboratory 3 nalUio O.K., fine, all right 14 JlalUll' noodles 17 Jlell, JI..., Lev (Leo) 3 !l&-"MM easy, light 13 nerKo [it's] easy. easily 13 na:in. (II) to be lying, to lie in bed 18 lIeK'1M1i lecture, class 6 JlCIlMIfl1dn, Leningrad 12 lIee forest, woods 15 IIee-Tnlllla stairway. stairs, ladder 16 nh (gen pI of r6A) 16 Jlho summer II neTOM in summer I I nM whether, if (question particle) 7 JlMMOH lemon 17 !IMMon811 lemonade, son drink 14 JliiCT leaf; sheel 17 JlMCTbr sheets 17 JlJicn.ll leaves 17 JlMTCpaTypa literature 8 nlffepaTyplll>lH literary, literature (adj) 18 JIIIT4!alC department of literature 18 JlJi4!T elevator 12 Jlo»:lCa spoon 5 JIY'nue better, rather 1 ny..IUM" besl, better 7 JlKKia (var. of Jh066Ijb) Lyuba 17 m06krL (II) to love, like, to be fond of 10 mo66s... .Ilt06eii (f) love 17 Jllo66I1" Lyubov (Amy) 17 m01lH people 13 mo"c deluxe class 12
MAJIO tittle, few, 100 lillie 10 MaMa mamma, mom 17 Mapiill Maria (Mary) 7 Mapc Mars 18 Micno butter, oil 18 MaCCa lots. mass, plenly 17 MacchI: massage 16 MiT checkmate 14 .....aTcMiTH"a mathematics 8 MiTCPH. ManpCii, etc. (see MaTh) 15 MaTcpHin material 4 ".nepHall Ha KocnOM suit material 4 MaTepHin lIa IlJIliTLe dress material 4 Min., MaTepH, etc. mother 15 Mama (var. of MapKa) Masha 7 MlllllJi.H. car, machine 18 MelInCtlHbli slow 18 MClltlly (p/w instr) between, among MClKJIY "pit"H..... by the way 13 Men chalk 17 Me.rtOJUla melody, tune 13 Metni (gen, ace of Ji) 8 Mecr"KO spot, place, job. small 10wn 18 Tennoe Mecriol,,-o a soft spot, a nice cushy job 18 Meao plaa:. seat, berth, job 12 Mee-all month; moon 16 MeorriiTL (I) to dream 18 MetJJaTL (I) to disturb. hinder. mix 17 MIi.!l. (val'. of JhO.ll.MMa) Mila 3 Mtinwii nia:. kind, dear, darling 9 Miina mile 15 MMHYr". minute, moment 7 {OMY] MHHjTKY just a minute 7 MMP peaa:, world 10 ..BoMHa II MMP» War and Peau 10 MHXiinQ8I1'1 (patronymic, son of MilUM) 7 Mile (prep, dat of Ii) 3 MHoro a lot, lots, much 7 l'ollloroe many things, 1015 of things II MOlj, MO»eClIU., MO»eCT, etc. (pres of M6'1b) 7 M6»eCT 6wTL maybe, perhaps 6 MO)l(HO it's possible, one may 4 MOM, 1'010', Moe, MOM my, mine 1.6 MOJlO,llCU, -JIlla one who does an outstanding job 7 MOIl0110M young 13 MOJlOKO milk 5 Moc"Ba Moscow 9 1'010%, Moryr (I) 10 be able, can 7 My»: husband 2 MY.'IMlla man 12 MY'KL. (pI of My.) 7 MyJI>I"a music 13 MW we I MWCJlb (f) idea, thought 18 "'tlln;;Mii son 12 MIln;;M" lIarOO first-class coach 12 ""IlCO meat 18 MIlCO"OM6HMllT meat-packing plant 18 H •
M. M....3ii. store 8 Min. (f) ointment, salve 16 MinettLKQ small, little 9
113 (p/w aee or prep) on, onto, 10, at, in, for MUepllO probably, likely 8 .alllep:< up, upstairs 16 Haaepxy upstairs, on top, in the upper 12 VOCABULARY
469
1Il1/IC*!11 hope 18 Ha11bK1111 Nudezhda (Hope) 18 HlllleATbCM, IlalielOTcll (I) 10 hope, count on 18 HallO {it'sl necessary, one has to 9 He lIa110! don't! 15 IH1lII (var. of HUJIC;«IlU) Nudya 18 Ha3811 lxlCk. ago 17 TO.\lY Hni11 ago 17 Hll)B8Tb, Ha:JOBjT (pfv I) to name 10 Ha3",~HTb (pfv II) to set, designate, appoinl 16 Ham, HaiillYT (pfv I) to find 17 Hlneao on Ihe len, to the left 12 HI..,"n., Hanb.oT (pfv I) to pour, fill 18 HiM (dat of MW) 14 ",.\lM (instr of MW) 17 HDHc.an, HlrniWyT (pfv I) to wrile 4.7, 12 HIIIHwliTe (imper of HanHcaTb) 4 Harrpaao on (or to) the right 12 Hanpk'l"ep for example II Hapblo., Hape;«IoTe (imper of Hape33Tb) 5 Hapban., Hape»:YT (pfv t) to cut, slice 12 HapOll people 7 HapO.!Utloli folk, popular. people's 13 dc (gen, ace, prep of MW) 5 y Hac [kTIo) we have 5 HIC'IlT (plus gen) about 5 Hadwa (var, of HaT3.nbll) Natasha II Illy.... science, knowledge 18 eOT Tc6i Hly"a! let that be a lesson to you! 18 HlY'lrnCll (pfv 11) to learn 18 HIy_wi scientific, scholarly 18 Haxo!Ufn. (II) to find 17 HIJI:OJUiTIoC1I (II) to be located 17 Haoca.'10 beginning. start 16 HI..an.. HI~KjT (pfv t) to Slart, begin 18 Hiw, HaWI, H'WC, HaWK our, ours 5, 7 He not (negative particle) I He60JiMUoii small, not large 12 HeaolMo"'HO impossible 17 HCI'O (gen, ace of 611 and 0116) y HCI"6 he has, at his place 8 IIcmiBllo recently, nOI long ago 5 IICllllJiCKO not far, close, near 15 HCllellll week 8 HCIlOBOJlCtl, -Jlbllfl, etc. dissatisfied, displeased 17 Hee (gen, acc of Oil:\.) 4,8, 10 y lite rCello] she has 4.7 Heli (prep, dut, instr of om\.) 7, 14, 17 HeKoTopblli some, certain 15 lleJlblli [it's] impossible, one can't 15 II~M (prep of 611 and 0116) 7 HeMHOrO a little, somewhat 10 HeMY (dat of 611 and 0116) 14, 16 Heunoxo not badly 6 HennoxOii nOI half bad, pretty good 7 Henp","HJibHO [it's] wrong, [it's] incorrect 3 H«MMllaTM'IHbdi not nice, nol likable 16 HCtKOnbKO several, some, a few 17 HK'taCTHblM unhappy, unfortunate 16 1Iec'tl.c:n.e bad luck. misfortune, unhappiness 16 He... no; there·s no, there isn't any 1,7 HeYIl66f1lo1i uncomfortable, inconvenient 12 Hey*e..,M! really! you don't say! 13 "M not (negative particle) 13 HII , . , HH .. , neither ... nor 13 "MI'".ae nowhere, nOI " " " anywhere 7
470
VOCABULARY
UHlI\IlHii, -'1M, -ee, lower 12 HMKlit.: in no way. by no means 9 RMKaKoii not." any, none at all 15 HHKHTM~ (patronymic, son of HUKHn) 9 HH"Ol'"lI1. never 3 HH"'onaeBM'I (patronymic. son of HIiKomi.ii) 7 HRKOJia" Nikolay (Nicholas) 6 RH.\I (dat of OIlH, instr of 611 and 0116) 10, 14 c KJi... with him (or it) 10 K HHM 10 them 14 Hlf)'!" (instr of OHH) 10 C Hli:....H with them IO H"RI Nina I rix (gen, ace. prep of OHH) 7.8.10 Y m [knol they have 8 HH'Iet'"6 nothing: all righl 4,6 ItO but I MOIIOCTb (f) news, novelty 13 HOllloli new 13 'ITO NO-oro? what's new'? 13 Horii leg, foot 16 MO»: k.nife 5 ~ep hotel room, issue, number 12 HOl.'MblQKK porter 12 Hoaln. to carry, wear 15 uO'Ilo (f) night II 00 fIO"'M nights 16 cnOK6iittoii "0'111 good night II HO..I.MI at night, during the night II IIPUurn.ca (II) to like, please, appeal to 11,16 Hi well. why I Hy, ....... ? well, how about it? II Hy, 'ITO aw! why, what do you mean! 6 HY, 'ITO TiM! whatever for! not at all! 9 Hy*eH, Ky"'H', -0, -w necessary 8 Mite HY*"a KipTa EBpOlIIoI I need a map of Europe 8
00 0,06, 060 (plus prep) about, concerning 7 6! oh! 12 ooell dinner, noon 5 110 06e/t8 before noon 9 IIOcJle ooeJlli after noon, in the afternoon 9 o6ellliTb (I) to dine. cat dinner 5 ofipaTJiTbclI (pfv u) to consult, turn to 16 06paWanCH (I) to consult, turn LO 16 06we*tITHe dormitory 4 66WH" ,general, over-all, common 15 06loMBJICHHC notice, announcement 13 06";'1110 usually 15 06w'tMblii usual 15 orone..., -HbKa small light 13 "OrOHeK» Ogonyok (magazine) 13 orypuw (pi of orype.l) cucumbers 5 OllecCli Odessa 12 o,tth, -I, _hi dressed 17 oilliH, OllHa, OllHO one. a. one and the same, alone 6 O:l1lUIUHe waiting, wait, expectation 12 lb O"'W"HII waiting room 12 0*HlIa11. (I) to expect, wait 8 03Cpo lake 15 0,,"116 window 5 0KOJ10 (plus gen) near. by, about 9 OKOtt_, -a, -0, -101 finished, over, done with 18
OKOIl'fNTIo (pfv Il) to finish, graduate from 18 O,u;,' Oleg 5 O!lll (vaL of Onbra) Olya 4 Oil he, it I ONa she, it olui they I OHO it I onj3lIb1ean. (I) to come (or be) late II OD03;1in. (pfv I) to be late II orin. again 5 Op.11o. Orlov (IaSI name) 7 Opnoea Miss Orlov, Mrs. Orlov 7 6ceHb (f) fall, autumn 2 Ocettbto in fall, in autumn 11 OeKDOIJ Osipov (last name) 16 oc06eHKO especially, particularly 18 OC66cHllblii special, particular 18 OCTilJlITb (pfv II) to leave 7 OCTaTl>CM, OCTiHYTCM (pfv 1) to remain, to be left 17 oaopOJKetI, -lima, etc. careful 16 oaopOJK.Hblii careful 16 OT, OTO (plus gen) from, away from 9 OTOe-r answer 13 Ol·Oe'l'HTI> (pfv 11) to answer, reply 3 OTBe......b (I) to answer. reply 3 OTJlOXIlyn. (pfv I) to rest 14 OTlIbIxlITb {I) to rest 14 oTiu, OTl.(i father 15 oncpbllJiTl> (I) to open II OTKpWT, -a, -0, ~b1 open, opened 5 on:pWTb, On:p6toT (pfv I) to open 3, 7 on:jaa from where 9 OTJUi'fHHK "A" Sludent 18 OT!lIi'fIIO excellent. excellently 7 oTclOaa from here, hence 15 onY.lIa from there 15 OT'fK'I'IJO patronymic II ..ax .. we ..... 11 III] OT'tCCnlo? what are your first name and patronymic? II heRb very, very much. really 4 O..epeIlb (f) line. lurn 4 o'iep.. sketch, essay, fealure story 13 0..11 (poetic/or rJla3a) eyes 13 "()..II 'iCPHblC» "Dark Eyes" (song) 13 01l1lt6Ka mistake, error 12
n " "a81l0aH.. (patronymic, son of n:\Ben) 2 stick 17 lllipeHb, niipNII fellow, lad, boy 10 napK park 9 neBell, n",lIli singer (m) 13 nUlUta singer (0 13 IICIDlII(:lIljT leachers college 18 lteli, neiTc (imper of IIMTb) 13 ..eNlle singing I ypOK uCH1I1I singing lesson I lliplJblii first 6 nepell, nepe,!lo (p/w instr) in front of, before 18 ncpeaan.., neptn;1JIit" (pfv irreg lih .nan) to pass, hand 18 'ICpeiTtii, nepeiJ:ti'r (pfY I) to go across, go over, to Swilch 14 ncpell:O.tufn. (II) to go across. go oyer 14 ncpO pen point. pen 6 llanK8
IteCIlA song 13 neTp Pyotr (Peter) 9 Oc'rp6lJ Petrov (last name) II neTp6eB Miss Petrov, Mrs. Pctroy 7 neTpOtlll'i (patronymic, son of neTp) II neTp6BNa (patronymic, daughter of nETp) 9 otn.. ootbT (I) 10 sing 13 neTS (var. of ne-rp) Petya (Pete) 17 1H':..naW cookies 17 ~ ... ne..-:Yr (I) 10 bake 17 oet1JKOM on foot 12 DlipOr pirog 17 nlldn., miwyr (J) 10 write 4, 7, 12 lUIC.MO leiter, writing I uIn., IlblOT (I) 10 drink 5, 12 DIIWliTc (imper of nHcan) 4 IIMuta fare, food, diet 5 nn.liN plan, map (of city) 15 nnaCTIfIl"a record (phonograph) 13 nnaniTb (It) to pay 12 n!lITOK, -TKa handkerchief, kerchief 17 nniTbc dress 4 MlITcpHiin liB n.rIlITbe dress material 4 Il.rlOXO poorly I nnoxoi poor, bad 14 Ito (plus dal) by, on, about, in, via, along, around, through 15 no-allrnliiicKII [in} English 6 n06wn, no6jD,yT (pfv 1) to be. spend some time 18 Doftp...... (pfvlI) to believe 15 OOBTOPin. (Pfy It) to repeat 1 DOroaopj"n. (pfv Il) to have a lalk, talk II 1I()I"0aa weather 14 oor)'.rtrn (pry I) to go for a walk, stroll 14 DOll, OO,!lO (p/w instr or ace) under, underneath. benealh 17 DOAapoK, -pita present, gift 4 DOAlin.., DOa~ (pfv irreg lih .nan) 10 give, serve, submit 9 DOj1e!lan. (pfv I) to do 17 'tTO lIIi oo.oeJlanm.! it can't be helped! what can you do! 17 noaepliliBllllwi secondhand 13 notlO.aan., nOl\o*$ (pfy I) to wail (for a while) 8 1l01l0iiTK, nOJlointr (pfv I) to go up to, come ovcr to, approach 7 lIoItoiVUfTe K TC!le~(IIlY! answer the phone! 7 1I0Apjl"B girl friend 13 lloAjMAn (pfv I) to think 7 IlDeJIl train 12 nM3AIIl"b, nobllllT (pfv n) to do some riding 18 nOCJJK.'i! DOJJK.aiiTe! drive! go (by vehiclc)! 12 l.oexaTb, noeD,yT (pfY I) to go (by vehicle) 12 OOliliinyi perhaps, that's an idea 14 oo.....yikTa please, don't men lion it, you firsl I noJK.ti:n., no.up (pfv I) 10 live (for a while) 18 DOJ8.HIl....n.ca (pfv I) 10 study 18 DOJIIOtOin. (pfv n) to call, 10 telephone 7 nOJJ]IM) late 3 pcb.t later, later on 16 DOJH..-OMllT1o (pfv It) 10 introduce 10 OOlHaKOMIffI.CIII (pfv Il) to meel, to be introduced 6 nollrp8Tb (pfv I) 10 play (for a while) 18 noJH:rin.. DOIiIllYT (prv I) to look for 18 n6ii, ullin (imper of nen) 15 OOineM let's go 10
VOCABULARY
471
IKlii'ni, IKliilltr (pfy I) to go (on foot) 3, 6 nOKli so long; while, meanwhile 6 nOK.II38Th, noKi*YT (pfy I) to show 15 Do"bwBaTh (I) to show 15 nOKyuaTh (I) to buy 4 nOJle field 15 OOJIelM;an. (pfv II) to lie down (for a while) 18 OOJU!Te-rh (pfy II) to fly 18 OOJI:mI, 00JI3Yr (I) to be crawling, to be creeping 17 oOJIKa shelf. bookcase 6 DOJlO*IiTh (pfy II) to put, lay 12 DOJIy'fin (pfy II) to receive, get 9 DOJN.ld half an hour 16 no!'uurr.. (II) to remember II ooMOrh", (I) to help 16 no-~6eMy in my opinion, I think 7 oo~6 ..... DOMOr-YT (pfy t) to help 16 OOMOUDlB assistant, aide 18 IJOfte,.'li.m.HHK Monday 10 DOHII~UlHtte understanding, grasp I I OOIULOdin. (I) to understand 3 JIOHpblll1'loC:a: (pfY II) to like 11,16 IfOO6iMn. (pfv I) to eat dinner 5 ~ (pfY II) to ask. request 7 nonjT'IHK traYeling companion, fellow traveler 12 oopa time, it's time 6 oopa60un (pfY I) to work (a bit) 18 OOpT+e.ru. (m) briefcase 4 oo-pjC:O;H [in) Russian 6 DOpa.r.cm, -.llK. order. arrangement 6,15 1ICi.I oopwe everything's O.K. 6 OOC~Th (pfy II) to sit (for a while) 18 nocnin., OOIU11~T (pfY I) to send I, 12 06cne (P/w gen) after 8 IJOC.lteNlMi, -RII, -eC! last, latest 13 nOCJle388Tpa day after tomorrow 10 'tIOCJIjwan. (pfv I) to listen (to) 13 oOCMOTplSn. (pfv tI) to take a look 4 IKICO.eTOUn., -YKIT (pfY I) to advise 13 ItoeOJlJ.CT1lO embassy 13 OOClUlTlt., nocnir (pfv II) to sleep (for a while) 18 OOCTMpaTh (pfv J) to do the wash 18 nOCTotiTb (pfY n) to stand (for a while) 18 n0crp6MTh (pfY tI) to build 15 nOCT)'luin. (I) to enroll, enter; behave 3 ItO(TynKn. (pfY Il) to enroll, enter; behave 18 nocry'laTtt (pfY II) to knock 18 DOTalllledTh, -ytOT (pry I) to dance (for a while) 18 nonprn (pfy I) to lose 17 nOToM aftcrward, later on, then 18 noxoJttn, (pfy II) to walk (a bit) 18 nO'leMy? why? 10 nO'ITa post office. mail I nom almost 6 nowen. nowJla, etc. (past of nOHTlI) 8, 15 1IOlWIH! let's go! 6 00.0, ItOi!Wl>, etc. (pres of lien) 15 npia, -i. -0, -101 right 16 upiaJla truth; that's true, isn't it, isn't that so 4,6 JlpUna» Pravda (Truth) (newspaper) 13 npa..uu.uo right. that's right 3 npb:TIoca practice, practical experience 18 upe""'IIlriin (I) to suggest, propose, offer 14 upeJl./10Dn. (pfy II) to suggest, propose. offer 9 npeJlCTb....h (pfy II) to present, introduce 16 upeJlm.I"n «6e to imagine 16 472
VOCA6ULARY
npeHCTIIBJlWn. (I) to present, introduce 15 npeJJ,CTa•.lIliTtt cCOl! to imagine 15 npe"pac"o fine, cll:cel1ent, splendid 12 npeDoHIlBanJlh (m) instructor. tcacher [8 npeuOJlaBaTtt, IlpenoIlalOT (I) to instruct, (each 18 npMBtT greetings! regards! hi! I npMBwK, -Jla (past of npIIBbiKHYTh) 14 IIpHBWKMYTIt (pfY I) to get used to 14 OpMIIW'IlCa habit 14 npHrJl.lcatn. (prv 11) to invite 15 nplIl'Jlawan (I) to invilc 15 Dp..exan., up..eJIYT (pfy I) to arrive (by vehicle) 12 nprini:, IIprmjT (pfv t) to come, arrive (Oil foot) 14 npKiTlila. (pfv I) to have to, to be forcui to 17 IIp....ecni. lIpKJte<:jT (pfv I) to bring (on foot) 8 npllllOClin. (II) to bring (on foot) 13 IIpfIXOJUin,. (II) to come, arrive (on foot) 14 lIpfIUJi!JI, opll1DJ1a, etc. (past of npHiiTH) 15 IIpKWJIOa. (past of npHiiTHch) 17 npdnto pleased, [it's] nice 6 upollOJluliK conductor, guide 12 npoaaBiin.., Dpo.lla.oT (I) to sell 13 Dpo;laautiua saleslady 8 npo;lOJl.a,... (I) to continue, keep on 16 OpoKflHoIUnJJl, (m) record player 13 UPOIl3B6JleT80 production, manufacture 18 pa60nn. Ha npouBO.llCTWe to work in a factory 18 DpoMcweenHe happening. occurrence, accident, event, incident 13 upoiiri, npoi!ti'T (pfY I) to pass, go by 6 opouien., "poU.lAjT (pfv I) to be lost, to perish 18 opOnya.: pass, entry permit 13 npoctin (It) to request, ask for 12 lIpOCHjT5>ClI (pfY I) to wake up 18 np6cTo just. simply 13 np0cT6ii simple 13 npocTOM pa60'IMii unskilled worker, ordinary worker 18 npocwniTltCll (I) to wake up 18 IlpOclt6a requeSt, favor 9 npOTMB (plus gcn) opposite, across from, against 6 IlpoljlCCCIIA profession, calling 18 npocfleccop profcssor 7 npoxoJtHn. (11) to pass, go by 9 IlPO'lMT8l'h (pfY r) to read (through), finish reading 13 IlpoweJl, "poIllJla, etc. (past of npoHni) 6 IlpOwJloe the past 18 npOllIJlhlii past, last 18 1111 npOlUJloii netlllJle last weck 18 npomllJlhHhlii farewell (ndj) [8 lipowaii, npowliiin good·bye, farewell 18 npliMo straight, straight ahead, directly, just 12 DyeTl> let 17 oRTHIIU.l Friday 10 uiTwii fifth 12 ntiTh five 10 osrn.;lCCliT fifty 15
P P pa60n work, written paper 7 p.a66un to work 2 paOO'lM worker 18 n))OCToii pa66'1l1ii unskilled worker 18
pi.a, -a, -.... glad 2, 3 piMo (indccl) radio J3 piJ occasion. lime; once 5 KaK p.3 just, it just happens 5 lIa trOT ph this time 10 pi3U really; is it possible! 8 pa3lSe '0"0 unless maybe 11 pUr-OBOP conversation 4 pupcwellKe permission, permit IS paJpculHTb (pfv II) to permit. allow 12 pallo early 3 piKbllle earlier, before 16 paenp611aK. _a, -0, _.... sold out 13 paa:epmiTLClI (prv II) to become angry, 16 pam, paCTjT (t) to grow 17 ~,-II",a baby, child 17 pe6jTa kids, fellows, guys 5 ptJtKO rarely, seldom 3 Jle3YJl..TiT result 7 pelmi~a advertisement, publicity 13 peKTOP chancellor, president 6 pecropaK restaurant 9 petleOT prescription, recipe 16 peWHU (pfv tI) to decide, solve 18 polliiTeJlK parents 15 po-.tteKlte birth 4 ,ttelUo po*JteHIUI birthday 4 JIO!I4u novel 10 po~ulJtC love song 13 pOe, pocIli, etc. (irreg past of pam) 17 p)'6:i.WKa shirt, slip 17 py6J1b (m) ruble 12 py"a hand, arm 17 pycc"lt" Russian 6 py'lKa penholder, pen 6 pbl6a fish 5
c, c, co (gen) slnce, from 2,9 C, co (instr) with, together with 10, 17 ca.,nj'n.n (n) to sit down 14 an+Uxa napkin 18 ca."" -ii, -0, dMH oneself (myself, yourself, etc.) 15 cb,ap sugar 17 Cawa (var. of Ane.r.:caIlJtP, -Hpa) Sasha (Sandy) 4 c66p gathering, assembly 18 II c66pe together, present 18 caapMTl. (pfv 11) to cook (by boiling) 17 clIbuii fresh 14 cac.o cool, chilly, fresh 14 CB060na freedom, liberty 18 CII06O!lKO freely, nuenlly 16 caoOOJUlwii free, unoccupied 14 cs6i one's own (my own, your own, etc.) 7 C'./1VuITb (pfv t) to do, get done 9, II ce6ii oneself (rellexive personal pronoun) 9 yee6ii in one's room (or office) 9 cerOJUIIII today 5 ceH'Iac now, right away 6 ceKpeTapb (m) secretary 9 ceneAKa herring 5 «JIO village 15 CeMett Semyon (Simon) 2 C_eHoa Semyonov (last name) 8 cbt:.. seven 10 <:'bIb. family 15
Cepreii Sergey 16 cepD.kn.Cll (II) to be angry, to be mad 16 <:epb4'3Hwi serious 18 cecrpa sister 6 eJllIen. (n) to sit, to be sitting 10 c...\tuaT'Ii"fK....i nice, likable 16 cHlIMi, ~a •• -ee dark blue 13 c"uciiTe (imper of cKa3an) I e"&381'1o, c"'*)7 (pfv t) to say, tell 12 C"OJTl.KO how much, how many 10 110 eKOJlbKO at what time 10 c"opee, lXopeii quick, hurry up; sooner, faster 17 1X6po
soon 11
CKY'lHO dull, boring 3 cM,ttyIOUtKi next 8 Ha cMllYKHud IIWJle next week 8 c..rnQm;:OM too, too much 18 c.ooaaPb (m) dictionary, vocabulary 8 CJlOlIbn.o (var. of c.nOBO) 9 3llMO.'1BIITC ]a Mtllli: CJlO.e'lKO! put in a good word for me! 9 CJlOBO word 9 eJlOMaTh (pfv I) to break 16 eJly",6a job, service, work 4 CJly'laii case, occasion, incident, event, chance 16 11(I .cilOO.\t enY'lae in any case, in any event 16 C1I)"IIi'n.ClI (pfv It) to happen 16 CIl)'wau (t) to listen 7 C.'ljwalO hello (on telephone) 7 l:.IlW.wa1'1o (n) to hear 2 c.\fOI'j, CMOllCClOb, etc. (fut of <:Mo·n.) 7 CMO-rpen. (1I) to look, see 5 CMO'l'b, ClHoryr (pfv I) to be able, can 7 CHM~8.Tb (I) to take off, take a picture 15 c",;iMoK, -M"a snapshot, picture 15 cOOKpaTbClII (I) to gather; to plan 18 co6paKMe meeting, gathering, collection coBiroBan., COBCTytoT (I) to advise 13 C'OfICi.\t completely, quite, altogether 7 c:orJliCftL, -aat etc. agreed, agreeable 14 roini, coiiltjT (pfv I) to go off. get off, come down, go down 16 corn e YMI. to be out of one's mind, to go crazy 16 IIbI C YMa eowmi! you're out or your mind! 16 eoce.tJ neighbor (m) 15 coecill\:a neighbor (f) 15 coceftKHii t _Mil., -ee neighboring, next 15 co~e composition 7 cn.llcH60 thanks, thank you 2 6o.'1bwlle cnacM60 thanks very much 9 cnan, emIT (II) to sleep, to be asleep 12. 13 CIJ~ltarntCT specialist 16 coetUMn. (n) to hurry 2 CUJlJO, cmilllb, emiT, etc. (pres of cnaTh) 12, 13 ctto,,6iiHwi calm, quiet II CItOkoiiHoi KO'l" good night II cnpiwMBaT" (I) to ask (a question), inquire 8 cpa3Y immediately, right 8 cpciJa Wednesday 10 CCCP (COJ03 COseTCKltX COllltaJTHCnl'leckllx Pecny6JTHK) U.S.S.R. 7 CTAK:i.H glass 8 craBOBii"n.ClI (tI) to stand, become, grow, get, step 16
VOCABULARY
473
CT3l1UHll station 12 c'flipblii old 9 CTin.. CTaH)'T (pfv I) 10 stand, become, grow, get, step 18 c'rHpan. (I) to launder. wash 17 nllxM verses. poelry 10 nOlln. (II) to COSI 12 e"o.'1""o iTO non? how much is this'! 12 He CTOMT it's no use. it isn'l worthwhile 18 CTO.'I table. desk 5 CTOJIOBUI dining hall. dining room, cafe 5 CTOIfn. (II) to be standing, 10 stand 4 CTp.aMi country IS CTpaHHblii strange 13 CTpOKT" (Il) to build 15 CT)'.'li1fT sludent (m) I CT)'lleHTJ.:.a student (I), coed CTyJl chair 7 CTyJll>Jt (pi of CTyJl) 7 nY'Ian (II) to knock, rap. pound 17 c)'66on Saturday 10 cYIi soup 17 c'lacne happiness, luck 18 C'lHTan. (I) to count, consider 10 CWA (COCtlHuellllwc WTaTh! AMCpIIKH) U,S,A, 13 ewrpan (pfv t) to playa game 14 CWH son 17 e"'Hoe..' (pI of CWII) 17 elO,:ta here, over here 10
TT TI... (unstressed) then. in Ihat case 3 Ti... so, as, that way, thus 3 ri..., Jdi... just as 16 TI,,6ii such. so I I TD:cM (indecl) taxi 12 d,\! Ihere I Theil (sg of T3HlUoI) 10 TlHueean, T.lHItiIOT (I) to dance 10 mill>! dance. dances, dancing 10 TaHa (var. of TaT..Jiua) Tanya 17 Talll"ellT Tashkent 12 180ii, THOll, Tlwe, THOM your(s) 6 Te (pi of TOT) 13 l'e:«e the same 13 -rehp thealer 9 TCal'pail..ltblil theatrical, theater (adj) 13 1'e6C (prep, dat OfTbl) 6, 14 Te6li (gen, ace OflW) 6,9, 10 nJle¢loll telephone, phone 7 3110llllT nJle¢lful the phone's ringing 7 31Kl1lli:T.. no TeJle¢lilllY to phone 16 1I0tlOiillM(Te)" TCJle4H)Hy! answer the phone! 7 Tt:HHHC tennis II Tenep.. now 2 TinJl..,ii warm 14 numl [it's) wann 14 Ttft.rwe Mecre-t"O a nice cushy job 18 Tepiin. (I) to lose 17 TtTpa.lU, (I) notebook 6 Th. aunt 17 TexHll... lechnician 18 TeXllHt.'1II technology, engineering 18 To6Oii (instr of TW) 17 ToaapHllt comrade, friend, colleague 9 TOBapMtU no "oMII.aTe roommate 10 474
VOCABULARY
1'01'1111 then, in thai case 6 To:«e 100, also, either 2. 8 TOJI"y'l"1I flea market. secondhand market 13 TOJJCToii, Jlea Tolstoy, leo (writer) II Ton.. "o only. just 5 1'0.1.....0 'ITO just. just now 8 Ton. (var. of AHaTomlii) Tolya 18 TO:t>ly IInall ago 17 TOpT eake J7 n)r, ri, TO thai, that one, lhe one 6 TOT .Il', ri .e, TO »:e the same 13 TO"... I dot. point, period 17 TO"H",ii exact. precise 16 TplBa grass I 7 TPM thrtt 10 TpliJlllln thirty 12 TPY.llllWii hard, difficult 13 TYIllI there, to Ihat place 5 TYPMCT lourist 15 TjT here 4 Tbi you I Y Y Y (pIllS gen) at, by, on, from, al the place of 4 Y IUIC [een] we have 5 y Hero [een.] he has 8 y lice [eeTl>] she has 4 y HMX [kn.J they have 8 yfiHaaTb (I) to kill 17 )'OOPHaII toilet. lavatory 12 )'60pWHUIL cleaning woman 7 yBMneu (pfv II) to see, catch sight of 10 Yro.'!, }T.'lJI comer, angle 8 yro.'t6t:, -.'II"a little comer 13 "paCKwii }TOJlO.. recreation room (iii. red corner) 13 Y1l"'11 luck, good luck II YllH8.'1tlTI.CA (t) 10 be surprised 12 y.ll66ttwii convenient. comfonabJc 12 Yll66cTBO convenience, comfort 12 Yllo86J1bCUMIl' pleasure 3 c y,aOBO,1"CT8MIl'.," with pleasure, gladly 3 yCl;l\an (tJ to go away (by vehicle) 16 yexln, yeJIJ'T (pfv I) to go away (by vehicle) 16 y:«e already, by now 2 y*e lie no longer, not, , , anymore 18 Y311al'l. (pfv I) to find out, [cam, recognize 7 "YXpIlMHII» The Ukraine (hotel) 12 y",paHllcu, -HUll Ukrainian 7 ynMull street 13 yM mind, sense 16 BI:t c yM.8 COW.1M! you're out of your mind! 16 yMlIblii wise, smart, intelligent 16 yllllsepcwrer university 3 yuaCT", yo.aJ]jT (pfv I) to fall, fall down 16 ynoJOTii, ytJOJ1ljT (pfv I) to crawl away, creep off 17 YpOK lesson, class I yeJ1wu..:n, (pfv II) 10 hear 13 ywen. (pfv I) to manage in time, succ:ecd II )'cuex success, luck 18 ll~JI.n. 6oJll>llllie ycnexlI to do very well, make excellent progress 18 yaan, )'criM)'T (pfv I) to be lired, to gel tired 14 yCTpOlln. (pfv II) to arrange, fix up, organize 18 YCTpOMTIoCII (pfv II) to gel fixed up, get established. gel scllled 18
jTpo
morning 4 yrpaJ\1 in the mornings 16 y+l ugh! ooh! 14 )'Xa fish soup, fish chowder 17 y..euwii scholar. learned man, scientist 18 r"'TeJUo (m) teacher 7 y,",'TC.'1bHHila teacher (f) 7 y-niTL (n) to teach; to study 6 y'liiTl..ca (II) to learn, study 18 00
+a6pHKa factory 9 +RKy.'1LnlT department 7 4IRJ\1MnHJI last name, family name II +M1HK physicist 18 ¢lM3HKa physics 8 lIJIlJIIinIIOIlIl'l (patronymic, son of d>illlMnn) 2 "Jib.", film, movic 10 +Oro photograph, picture 15 .yrOO.'1 soccer II llr1Jin. II +yY66.rI to play soccer II
x
'1eM (instr of 'ITO) 17 ..epe3 (plus ace) through, across, in 13 '1~ '1il in an hour 13 '1eptlwii black 13 Thursday 10 'tt'Tbi:pe four 10 '1tmin. (I) 10 read I, 10 'ITO thai, who, which 6 'ITO what 3 onc) II';'! you're not serious! 3 'ITO J1H perhaps, possibly, maybe 18 'ITO HOllOro'!' what's Dew? 13 'ITO :rro why is it, how come 16 '1T66w in order to, to 18 '1TG-IIH6yJtb anything, something or other 9 'ITO-TO something 14 ")'BCTaO feeling 18 '1yBCTIIOBaTI>, '1YIICTllYKlT (I) to feci 16 ..yBCTBOIIBTL ce61i to be feeling 16 "yn, ue all but, darned near, almost 16 'I...e (n of '1eii) 6 'I1>1ii (pi of'lcii) 6 " ..Ii (f of '1tM) 6
·.u.epl"
X
XiPbKOII Kharkov 12 XII."'"" chemist 18 xIIMHa chemistry 8 Xlt1"p6a Khitrov (last name) 2 xlIe6 bread 5 ltOJtrn (II) to go, attend, walk II ltOKKeM hockey II ltonoJl.llwii cold 14 XO.'10ltIKl lit's] cold 14 xOpOUlHi good 9 ltopomO good, fine. well, nice I xOTm (irreg pres: xo..y, XO'lClUb, x6'1eT, XOTHM, XOTlin, xOTn) to want 3-5 xuri: although 14 XOT. 61.1 even if only 14 XO"ICTC'a [one) feels like 5 xo'fj', XO'letUb, XO'teT, etc. (see xOTtn) 3-5 xy*c worse 16
u" Uapa"K"11 Tsarapkin (last name) 2 uae-r color 13 uBeTlIoi in color, colored 15 ufflwii entire, whole 18 Qip"OBh, uePKIIM (f) church 15
4. 'Iii tea 5 'Iic hour 10 '1at"l'tlWi private, personal 13 'IaCTU often, frequently 3 '1aWKa cup 8 '1ci, '1ba, '1l>e, '11>11 whose 6 'IMOBe.. person, human being, man 13 '1eM than 3 lIj'llIte U03J,UtO,
Ww waut.:3 cap 17 W8.xJ\1aTW chess, chess board 14 Nrpan a wbMaTw to play chess 14 wen. lumi, WllO, IIIJ11i (past of II/tTH) 12, 15 mecll1a/tUllTI> sixteen 16 U1kTL six 10 luKi.41 cupboard, dresser 5 wKOlIa school 6 lOOtep driver (of ear) 12 lIIjTn. joke 18
IUw Ult!
schi (cabbage or sauerbaut soup) 5
3 , 3KJ8MCU examination, exam 7 JnCKTpM'ICCTBO lights, electricity 15 )Till:: floor, story 12 hH these, those 6 :ITo it, this, that 2 3TOT, iTa, iTO this, Ihal 7
lOOn. skiT! 17 tOpui Yury (George) 16
•• Ii I I 1I1':'K language, tongue 6 Il~YT Yakut 7 >1J1Tll Yalta 12 drawer, box (wooden) 5
'W""
VOCABULARY
475
INDEX
Russian words arc in boldface and English translations in italics. The numbers refer to pages on which the items arc discussed and drilled. The following abbreviations are used:
.ff
accusative adjective. adjcetival adverb, adverbial affirmative
00"
a:lII$Onant
,~
Idj
,d.
mod
-
N
... ..
conj conSlr
""'. oom obj pon
conjugation construction dative d" declension. declensional demoR$U demonstrative direct object dir obj r feminine footnote future genitive imperative impcr impcrs impersonal indeclinable indecl inf infinitive instr instrumenlal inlerrog interrogative imperfective iprv irregular irreg masculine m
p'. ""' pi
<1«,
"'"'""
""
,.,,"
pres-fut pro"
...
m' m.
'.
s ubj
.-<1
'Vir'
" ",wi
abbreviations: Byl (BLkUJl:e y..e6Hoe u.e1JltIUte) colfege
. 423 N; decl of abbreviations J IS N, 283 N; rYM
1'1"'''''")
(Toc:ynapcrum
..-ro,
476
INDEX
multidirectional nOle neuter negative, negation, negated nominative object person. personal perfective plural possessi\'C
p«diam preposition. prepositional
,,=,
present-future pronoun relkxive regular singular subject unidirectional variant
",' versus vowel
adjectivC$: dal sg and pi 378-80; fonnation of short-form adjs ending in --0 from long-form adjs 330-31; hard stems, soft stems, aDd mixed stems defined 275; inSlE sa and pi 4J6...38; m. f. and pi short forms of :Win. fdi.... u0p6_, liOJHII4S-47; n short forms eOOing in-o u.scd in impcrs collStT 322-23; nom. ace. gen, and prep: II and pi 295-99: nom sg and pi 272-75; that function as nouns 63 fn; 275; 438-40 adverbs: formation of from adjs 330-31: rJti ..:h~r~ 20 fn; 218-21; placement of before vb 38 N adverbial: expressions formed by prefixing ao- 375 alphabet: fonnation of letters 29-32; handwritten 23: Russian (Cyrillic) and lhe writing system 5-7 alternation: in pns-fut of 2nd conj vbs J04-{)5; of stems in 1$1. pet"S Sf: of vb aUen. /D sa 104-<15; of voiced and voiceless consonanlS 39-43 animate (su Q/$tJ inanimate): usc of gen case endings fDr
"'y» ys
ace of aU animate nouns in pI 245: use of gen case endmgs for ace of animate cr6JJ- nouns in sg 212 anldc; absence of definite and Indefinite in RUS$ian 10 fn aspeclS Of verbal aspects (_ also imperfective aspect, perfe<:tive aspect): system of 38 N, 70-71 bt liWT.. ; fut forlTl$ of 215-18: omission of in pres tense 22N; past forms of 55-57; use of fut forms in building ipfv fut 215-18 capital leiters: limited usc: of in Russian 31 fn; not used for nationalities 88 fn, 211 N cardinal numerab: 1-10 200; II!IC of gcn case with numbers
26U9 cue system (_ oao accusative, dative. genitive. instrumental, nominative, prepositional cases): introduclory remarks on 53-54 commands (see also imperative): formation of 2nd pen imper 290-95: Ulie ofipfv aspect in neg commands 292: use of He HiAO in neg commands 352: use of unstressed suffix ~Te for pi-polite form of 2nd person imper 105 conjugation Of verb conjugation (s/!/! also first conjugation, pll:SCnt-future, second conjugation. verb): 1st conj vbs with infs ending in -adin. 327; of 1st conj vbs: 1ClT_ 10 bt goill;g 14-17, 237, MOoI.. and CMOotJ. 10 N abJ/! 188-90: of irrcg ybs: ~n. to girt! 325-27, xonn. to "'(lilt 75; of 2nd conj Yb5: ~n1o 10 _ I04-OS, 215, roeopWn. 10 spulk 4S, 97-98, 105, cmi.mt.-n. to h/!ar 45, 302, roeuuin. /0 hurry 43-45, lOS, crosrn. 10 Sland 45, 302; of 2nd conj ybs with stem cons changc in Ist pen sg 213-15: of two-stem 1st eonj ybs 263-66; pres-fut of 1st eonj ybs patterned like pa6Qnll. and 237-40: review of 2nd conj ybs 302-oS; usc: of symbols I and U 109 fn conjunctions: • Y5 a I3N consonants (s« also alphabet, pronunciation. Yowels): con sounds VI con IelteB S-9, hard VI soft 3: nC'lltral in tenns of yoicc 40; omission of A and T between cons in pronunciation 35fn; pronuociation of double 234; sounds 3-5; yoiced ys yoiceless 39-43, 371. 398-99 Cyrillic Qr Russian alphabet (see also Russian handwriting system): and the writing system 5-7
lUI'"
dalive case: in impc:rs COltJltrs )2Q.. 23: of adjs. sg and pI 378..83: of laO, ...m. and the peB prons 318-20; of nouns, sg and pi 346-50; of intT. 'tii. and the pass modifiers 375-78: primary function of 54; with lt8!to it's f1llUswry 350--52; with _j_a ~USJllry 323-2S; with preps tit and 110 371-75 days of week: 197: Monday considered as fiBt 197 fn de<:lension (Sl't' also adjectives, nouns, pronouns): four noun de<:ls 94: introductory remarks on Russian case system 53-54: nouns with de<:l irregularities 412-14; of abbreviations II S N, 283 N; of titles of books, movies, plays 201 demonstrative or demonstrative pronoun: dat of iTOT 375-78: demoostr iTOT VI introductory iTo 250; instr of trOT 406-08; nom. ace, gen, and prep of trOT thu 240-SO direct object (sn aUo accusative case): occasional use of acc for gen afier neg ybs 247; refl ybs never used with ucc dir obj 382; use of ace to indicate S4, 213: use of gen for dir obj of neg vbs 246-41 dire<:tional or destinational: KYIt' "'here (Io) YS rAA .... hert {all 20 fn: VI locational concepts 218-21 endinp (Sl't' also ca.se system, declension. stems): concept of "zero~ endins 54-5S; m, f, and pi endings of shortform adjs 4S-47: rcmarb 011 stems and 54-S5 familiae (ue also plural-polite): familiar sg TW YS pi-polite ... II fn. 55 fn; 2nd peB sg familiar imper as basic form 29G-9S
feminine (s« also gender): JUtip"'- nouns 94; 1«rtIa nouns 94; grammalJCal gender of noun1 69--70; tdentificallOn off nouns 10 firsl conjugation (s« also conjugation, verbs): fUI of 6Wn. 10 N 215-18; pfy fut of POiTi to go and alliin. to /Db 102-.(13; pfy fut of 000'U. 10 tw obi/! 188-90; pres-fut of 1st conj ybs patterned like pa60uTIo and IIIJ.lTli 237-40: pres tense of IIJtni 10 hi! going 14-17,237, MO'II. 10 be ablr 1811-90, pa66TltTl. to work 2S-27, 231: two-stem 1st conj ybs 263-66: ybs with infs ending in -nan. 327 first names (s« also names): nicknames and vars of fiBt nallle1 S2 N. 427 N (utun: (s« aao impcrfoctive futun:. pcrfe<:tivc futun:. present-future): of _ 6jMT constrs 245--46: ofliWn. /0 M and formation of ipfy fut 215-18; of iereg pfy yb,ltoin. 10 gi~ 325-27; use of in Russian where English uses pres or past 314 N
rM
fly'" ",her/!; 20 fn; in directional (destinational) vs locational concepts 218-21 gender or grammatical gender (see also feminine. masculine. neuter): of nouns 10, 69--70; use of m nouns for both men and women in professions 427-28 N genitiYl: case: after preS- 151. 179-82. 182--85, 185-87; for dir obj of neg ybs 246-47: in fut Me 6YAn constrs 245-46: in parting wisl'tes 226 fn, 424 N; in past He 6wJJO constrs 160-63: in pres Hh constrs 158-60: of adjs 295-99: of 1CT6, 'ITO. and pers prons 156-S8; of nouns in pi 240-43, 266--68: of nouns in sg 154-56; of 'lei and poss modifiers 299-302; primary function of S4, 156: used with numbers 268-69 go (st!'/! also verbs of motion): ybl; indicating mOllon on foot: uri, IJOi'ni, xo.un. 14-17, 38, 102-03. 2:n N. 237, 269-n: yb5 indicating motion by vehicle: ban_, JtOb:an., hl1llTlo 256 N. 269-n VI
handwriting: formation of capital lellers 31-32: formation of small letters 29-31; Russian handwriting system 28-33: summary remarks on 32-33 hard consonants (s« also pronuneiation): always pronounced hard 5: and soft sign 10; usc of "hard-series" yowelletters to indicate hardness of prcoediog con 8..9; VI soR COIlS 3-4 ltard sip TWipJlwi WI(: 7 fn; functions of 9-10 hDu: alfycoostrs: in fUI 246. in past 152-53, in pru 150-52; neg y constB: in fUI 245-46, in past 160-63, in pres )58-{j()
HATtt 10 b/! going (Sf'/! also go, yerb5 of motion): past tense 269-72. 352-54: pres tense 14-17 imperative (S«' also commands): familillT vs pI-polite 2nd peB imper 105-{l6: formation of 2nd pers imper 290-95; suggestions that include the spcalt/!T )27..29. 355-356: usc: of!taUi aDd AWiu in suggestions that include the speaker 329, 356 imperfectiYl: aspect: formation of ipfy fut 215-18: ipfy fut VI pfy fut 218: suggestions that include the speaker using ipfy ybs 355-56; use of in neg commands 292: use of past ipfv yb in neg answer 10 question using pfy past yb 190: 'is pfv aspect 38 N, 70---71 imperfe<:tiye future (Sl't' also fUlure, perfective future): formation of215-18: Y5 pfy fUI 218 impc:r.;onal constructions: l1SIC of 2nd pees pfv fut vb without pron 230-31 N: Ide of subjectless 3rd pers pi yb lS6-58; with dat ease 320-23, with short-form n adj or inf 322-23 inanimate (Sl't' also animate): acc form of inanimate m and n nouns 57-58: summary of noun ending:o; in acc case 245; ys animate forms of aOJl- nouns in acc sg 212
INDEX
477
indedinable nouns; KO+C 62 fn indirect object: usc of dal ease to indicate 54 infinitive: in impers constrs 322; in Ha,[lO constrs 350-52: in Hy1KHO <.:onslrs 325: vbs with infs ending in ~'1b: .... 0% and eMO'lb 188~90 inserted vowels (Sl't' Illso altemalion. stems): and allernalion of stems 124-25; in gen pi of )j(ella~ and OKIIOnouns 241-42; in nom sg of "0Jl- nouns 121; inscrled vwl e in 11£'8 Lev replaced by b in all Oilier forms to preserve softness of JI 130 fn . instrumental case: of adjs 436-38: of K'To. 'ITO, pcrs prons, and rell pcrs pron ce6li 404-06; of nouns, sg and pi 400-04: of :hOT, oteii, and poss modifiers 406-08; primary funetion of 54.400; used in pred with vbs of being and becoming 433-35; with prep c:: 400 interrogative pronouns K'TO and 'ITO: in ace 208-10: in dat 318-20: in gen 156-58; in instr 404-06; in nom 73--74; in prep 133-35 intonation: falling in questions with question word 93-94; falling in statements 92-93: introduclory rcmarks on 92; review of falling 206--08; review of rising and rising-falling 235-36; rising-falling in emphatic slatemcnts 177-78: rising-falling in quesliollS 149; transcription symbols marking end-of-phmse innection 12 introductory unchanging :ho: 74; vs demonstr :hUT 250 irregular nouns (see aI,\'/) nouns): n nouns MMII nllm'! and BpeMII lim/' 230 N; nouns with decl irregularities 121, 125, 256 N, 340 fn, 341 N, 364 N, 392 N, 412-14; nouns with expanded SlCms in pi 121. 125 irregular verbs (see also verbs): paSI tensc of vbs based on IlJlTIi 10 be going 352-54; pres tense of.oTin. 10 wanl 75: pfv fut of ain. 10 gi"e 325-27 "j-stem" verbs: pa60TlI.n. 10 work as typical 27; vbs with pres-fut stem ending in con sound [jJ 240 fn Kymi vs rae wh/'re: directional (destinational) vs locational concepts 20 fn, 218-21 last namcs (see also names): ambiguity of f last names as to marital status 115 N; limllation of in usc of titles rocno/llw and rOCII01K3 115 N: usc of without title in referring 10 persons 115 N: with adj form 275. 440 lei lIS or leI's: in suggeslions that include the speaker 327-29. 355~56 .1Iu: spec;ial gen pi of ro,'t year used with numbers. advs of quantity 364 N like (be fond ofJ KJliIllll'bCll VS mo6liTb: 230 N. 385 localional: rJte vs ItYlla ",here 20 fn; vs directional (destinational) concepts 218-21 long-form adjeclives (see al.w adjectives, short-form adjectives): d\1.! sg and pi 378-80; hard stems. soft stems. and milled stems defined 275; inslr sg and pi 436-38 major segment (see also intonation): introductory remarks on intonation 92: remarks on stress 7-8 masculine (see also gender): grammatical gender of nouns 69-70: identification of III nouns 10; m nouns ending in -ll or -II referring to male persons 70; CTOJl- nouns 94; usc of III nouns for both men and women in professions 427-28 N Illotion verbs: uod \IS mod vbs of mOlion 269-72; with two ipfvs: hrorn. vs e"aT.. 256 N, lfoali..... vs 1I!l'rli 227 N multidirectional "erbs of motion (see motion verbs) IIIlirKllii lmiK sofl sign: 4 fn; convention of writing b after hard con w in 2nd pers sg vb 17 fn: functions of9-10 KaaO iI's lIecessary: dal constr wilh 350-52: use of ue ..li.Jio as neg command 352 namcs (see also last names): last names with adj form 275, 440; nicknames and vaTS of first namcs 52 N. 427 N: patronymics (middle names based on father's firsl name) 21-22 N
478
INDEX
ncccssily or need; dat constrs with "aiIO 350---52: dat constrs with Hy••um 323-25: use of Uy)l(HO in impcrs inf conslrs
325 negation or negative constructions (see also genitive case): double neg constrs in Russian 112 N: with snbjs in gen \:ilSC: fut 245-46. past 160--63, pres 158--«1: usc of gen for dir obj of neg vbs 246-47 negative commands (see 01.10 imperative. commands): use of ipfv aspec;t in neg commands 292; usc of HC "allO in neg commands 352 neuter (see also gender): grammatical gender of nouns 69-70; identification of n nouns 10; n nouns ending in -!\Ill: 1411111 ,wme and Bpl1l11ll lime 230 N: OKIIOnouns 94 nicknames or variants of first name: 52 N, 427 N nominative case; nom of K'TO and 'ITO 73-74; nom pi of nouns 120-25: nom pi of 'leii and the poss modifiers 125-27; nom sg and pi of adjs 272-75: nom sg of nouns 10, 69-70, 94; nom sg of ..eii and the pass modifiers 98-101: of pers pmns II, 72-73; of :yr and CillO'lL 10 be abl/' 188-90; stress in past lense 78: stress in past tense of 2nd conj vbs 215 palronymics (middle name based on father's first name): 21-22 N pen py'lKII and lIep6: 85 N perfective aspect: ipfv fut vs pfv fut 218; perfectivi1.ation by prefix 110- 443-45: pfv fut of 1st conj vb>' nolini /Q go lind B3m 10 Jake I02....{)3: suggcstions that include the speaker using pfv vbs 327-29; vs ipfv and the system of aspects 38 N, 70-71 pcrfcetive future (see also future, imperfective future): of 1st conj vbs: roin. 10 gi>'e 325-27. noiiTIi (() go and Bllln. 10 take 102-·03. elll6'lb /() be able 188-90; of lsI conj vbs pauemoo like 1lJlTIi: BOiiTIi (() emer, nOJloiini /() approach, HO,[lOll[JJ.l\Tb 10 wail. IIpMKecni to bring 240; of 1st conj vbs patterned like pa6clTan.; IJOJtjMaTb /() lhink. lIo6l\JtlITb (() Cal dinaa, CJle.1lllTb to do, PllliTb 10 jind ou' 240: of 2ncl conj vbs: BCTpl1THTb to meet
305. K}'min. 10 buy 215, ocr'aHn. IV (rove 215, nouom'n. 10 ph~ 302, DOlHIK6.1.lIrn. 10 inlroJuct' 215. enporin. 10 ask 215; of two-stem 1st conj vbs: nonin. IV g~t. u6Yn. fO fOrg~/, UKnan. to {)fda-, :saKJIIh~ to d()$~• ..I-an. lo ....rite. upi3an. 10 slict'. u..xpWn. to opm, ooe.rJjn. fO send. npoof:Xln. fO QTri~ 263-66; ys ipfv fUI 218 personal pronouns: dat of rdI pers pron 318-20: dccknsian: in aee 208-10. in dat 318~20. In gen 156--58. in instr 404-06, in nom 11.72-73. in prep 133-3S; instr of reO pers pron 4()4..()6; reI! pen pron ce6C 228 N p1ural·polite or formal-plural (sa o(w familiar): .,;, vs familiar sg TW II fn. 55 fn; imper with unstressed suffix -Tt 105. 291 possessive modifiers: declension: in dat S8 and pi 375-78, in instr s8 and pi 4Q6.-{)8; in nom, ace, gen, prep. s8 and pI 299-302, in nom pi 125~27. in nom sg 98~101; use of Y plus gen as substitute for 182 predicate: use of instr case wilh vb! of being and b«oming 433-35 prefix or prelb:ation: past t~ of prefixed pfv derivatives of Jl.'{ri to be going 352-54; perftctivization by prefiJ: 110- 443-.4S; use of to distinguish be!lIt"eCn vb ilSpec!S J8N prepositional case: of adjs. sg and pi 29S-99; of nouns. 58 and pi 127-30; of pen and interrog prons 133-35: of 'IN and pass modifien 299-302; special prep sg ending in -1 144 N: primary function of 54: with preps I and ID 131-33 prepositions: Ha V$ a in meaning al 13 N. 131-33: Ha in meaning /IJ 58: with aee ease:: , and Ha 57~58, 213. 220--21; with dat case: to; and 110 371 75: with gen elise: Hl, e, and OT 182~85. Y 151. 179-82, others requiring gen case 185 87; with inst! case: e 400; with prep case: B, Ha, and 0 (06) 128~33 present tense (sn /IISQ aspects, conjugation, verbs): of 1st conj verbs: aillan. 10 do 240. AY"an. 10 Ihink 240, WTb to wail 240........ 10 /i,'fI 240. 3Han. 10 knoll' 240. IIJlTli 10 ~ going 14-17. 237, ",6001, 10 be. obit' Ig8-9O. 00blan. 10 diM 240. o.......n. 10 expecl 240. lIOK}"ni:n. 10 INy 240, DOllIUoIin. 10 undersland 240. pa6OTlln. to M'ork 25-27, 237, cJlju~n. 10 lislen 240. cnpiuJ.-an. 10 ask 240• .-T'n. 10 read 240; of ilTt'g vbs: J1u.An. 10 speak 32S-27. xOTm 10 Il'anl 75; of 2nd conj vbs: IlIi..'Ien. 10",," 104-05, .._opin 10 speak 45. 97~98 • .III06in. to love 215, llporin. 10 'afUt>SI 302. 305. em.:.wan. 10 hear 45. 302. OtOTJI'in, to look 305. I:III:I1IIhl. 10 hurry 43-45. 105, crOliin. 10 sland 45, 302; of lwo·stem 1st conj vb!: IIcdn. 10 look lor 263. ban. 10 be going (by vehicle), IIItC'n to wrile. rulTb 10 drink. Tamlfllin. /0 dance 264; usc of gen case,in pres Hk conStrs 158-60; usc of in Russian whcre Eng- lish uses past tense or pres perfecl 227 N present-future (s~ also oonjugation, perfL"Clivc future, present tense:. vetbs): comparison betwccn endings of 1st and 2nd conj vbs 45. 304--305; definilion of 103; of 2nd conj vbs with stem con change in 1st pen sg 21 J--15; of lSI conj vbs patterned like pa66T11n. 10 aDd IIJ'ITi to be going 237--40; stress patterns in the pres-fut 215, 305 pr-ofessions: use of nouns for both men and women in professions 427-28 N; use of pronoun n6 when Eng· lish uses Il'hol an refemnl to one's work 428 N proDauns: demonstr pron inn: in dal 37S-78. in instr 406-08, in Dam. aee. gen. ilIKi prep 248-SO; function of rdI pass pron modifier c:a6I 112 N. 302: interrog prons KT6 and 'ITO: in ace 208-10. in dat 318-20, in sen 156-Sg. in instr 404-06. in nom 73~74, in prep 1J3~35; pen prons: in ace 208-10, in dat 318-20, in gen 156-58. in inslt 404--06, in nom 11.72-73. in prep 133~35: placement of obj pron before vb 38 N; refl pers pron ce6j 228 N, 318-20. 404-06; 'lei and pass modifiers: in dat sg and pI 375-78, in instr s8 and pi
vs.
,,_k
406--0S. in nom, aee. gen, and prep. sg and pI 299-302. in nom pi 125~27. in nom sg 98-101 pronunciation (sn afsc Russian sound system. consonants. vowels): of clusters beginning with lellen c and :I 431~33: of clusten with [II or- III 34S; of double cons 234; of final dusters wilh [r) or Ir] 317-18; of hard Irl, [g~ Ixl and son couDlerparts 1\].1&]. h]176~n: of hard [l] in 51 and soft in pi of past tense: 76: of illltial dusters With [r] or IrJ 289-90; of letter .. as Iv] 22 N, 61 fn; of painxl hard and soft cons 3-4: of rellexh-e particle -CII (-co.) 382; of special cluslers Itil. [ftj, [dt~ [lC}262-63; of CUlA 283 N; of unpaired hard cons !§], 11]. leland unpaired soft cons Itl, I~~ lil 204-06: of voiced and voiceless cons 39~43. 37l. 398~99; of (b) vs [~]118:of[d] vs [4]68-69: of[f] vs [0 148: of [I) vs [II 148: of [m] vs (rp] 119: of [n] vs i1;l] 69; of [PJ vs In] 118; of [r] vs If] 92; of [sJ vs [~J 91; of [t] vs [\) 68; of [v] VI [yJ 147: of [z] vs ['f] 91; simplification of ccnain con dusters in pronunciation 35 fn. 364 fn
m
pa66nln. /0 Ilwk: as typical "j-5tem" vb 27: pres-ful of IS! conj vbs pallemed like 237--40; pres tense of2S-27 refle~ive pronouns: rdI poss proo modifieT e.6i 112 N. 299~302; reB pen pron cm 228 N, 318-20. 4(); 06 reBc:xlW: verbs: aptuT..a.. notrp"~ 10 like 228 fn. 230 N. 38J-f15: other ref! vbs 380-83. 408~12. 440--43 Russian handwriti"8 system: 28-33 Russian or Cyrillic alphabet: and the woting system S-7 Russian sound system: cons 3-5: COlTCSpondancc bclween vowel leiters and vowel sounds 23 25; discrepancies belween sound systcm and writillg system g 10; vowels 3 second conjugation (sec olso conjugation, presem-fulure, verbs): pfv fut of.efpC·I'''n. 10 meel 305. Il'YIIIITI> 10 buy 215. OCT"'H'I1. 10 Ica.V! 215. 1I0lROHMTI, /0 pirone 302. IlOlllaJ«i.W1n. 10 introdltce 215, mpoc>fn. 10 osk 215: pres tense of: ,liJItT~ 10 see 104-05. 21S. rOlopwn. 10 speok 45. 97 98, lOS....106Iin. 10 fovt' 215•• poaiTb 10 rlf/'HSI 302. 305. e:m:awan. /0 ht!UT 45. 302. OloTpin. 10 look 305. meuuin. 10 hurry43--45. ""no 10 sland45. 302: review of 302-05: vbs with stem con change in 1st pers sg prcs-ful 213 15 segment (Sl'l' aw intonatIOn): major segment 7-8. 92 short-fonn adjectives (sn aw adjectives., long·fonn adjectives): m. r. and pi forms of UHlIT. uop6a, lind 66.ACH 45-47 soft consonants (sn also pronunciation): cons always pronounced soft 5: usc of "soft-seric:s" vowel Ictlers to indicate softness of preceding con 8 9: usc: of sofi sign to indicate softness of prcceding con 9~IO: vs hard cOnS 3-5 sgft sign 1\fj,'KHi luiK: 4 fn: convention of using aftcr hard con w in 2nd pen 51 vb 17 fn; functions of 9-10 "soli-series" vowel !cllen: functions of 8 9: use: of in conjugation with hard sign 10 C>K'IlIIfl1, 10 hurry: as 2nd conj verb model 43-.45 stems (~ aw endings. "j-stem" verbs): ahemation of stems in pres-fut of 2nd conj vbs 305; inserted vwIs and ahernation of stems 124-25: noun stems ending in [jJ in pi 125. 241--42: nouns ..ith expanded stems In pi 125: nouns WIth pl stem dlITcrina from sa Slem 121. 124-25.256 N. 266~, 340 fn, 341 N; pres-fut stem contrasted with inf·past stem in 1st con; vbs riT.. 10 fr'vt and 'li~ 10 lake 240; pres-fut Slem vs inf-pasl stem 305: pres tense of vb aadn. 10 gil'('. based on stem [daj-] 327; remarks on endings and 54 55: stem cons change in lst pen sg of 2nd conj vbs 213-15: two-stem 1st conj vbs 263....{)(j stress (see also intonation): in past tense 78; in pasllense of 2nd eonj vbs 215: in short-fonn n adjs and advs ending in ~ compared with that of long-ronn adjs
"4.
INDEX
479
3JO...-31: ncoun stress in dllt sg and pl compared wIth otlla cases 349-50: paltems in pres-fut ofvbs 215. 305: remarks on 7- 8: SiCWndary 7-8: stressed rit; Jt) V5 unstressed Til< lhen 38 N: use of acute a=t to mark
",
belween 'Ills )"IIin., y...rn.c., and latltlMiTl>Cll 423-24 N suffixes: pasl tense suffix -J1 76-78: pi-polite suffix -Tt in 2nd pers pi imper 105, 291: usc of -Te with 1st pers pi vbs in suggdtions that include the speaker 329 suggestions that include the speaker (sa glso imperntlve. commands): function of lUIai. and lIadin 329. 356: with iprv vtls 355--56; with prv vbs 327-29 surnames (Sft' laSl names) syllabification of words in Russian: 33 sludy: comparison
UK {Uk] so V5 Tal( [bk)lhm: diffcreocc in pronunciation and meaning 38 N telephone greetings: ways of answering telephone 111 N tenses (see also aspects, future. p~st. present): usc of fut in RUSl;ian where English uses pres or past 314 N: usc of pres in Russian where English uses past or pres pcrf«t 227 N time: days 0( week 197; telling on tbe hour 200: usc of ace case in lime c:xp~ons 213 TVp.'tWii:JllB hard sigll: 7 fn; functions 0(9 10 two-stem verbs: pres-fut stem contrasted with inf-pasl stem in 1st conj vbs lklin. 10 lilY and ullin. 10 lab 240: two-stem 1st conj vbs 263-66; 1 constructions with genitive used to express concept 10 haw!: llff constrs: in fut 246. in past 152-53, in pres ISO-52; neg constrs: in fut 245-46, in past 160--63, in pres 158-60 unidirectional verbs 0( motion: vbs with two ipfvs: UaTlo V5 blllrn. 256 N.1lIlri V5 xowino 227 N; vs m-d vbs of motion 269-n unvoiced lH voicekss consonants: alternation of voiced and voiceless cons 39-43; unvoicing og ordinarily voiced cons 398-99; voicing of ordinarily unvoiced cons 371 verbal aspects (see ulso imperfective aspect. perfective aspect): system of38 N, 70-71 verbs (see also aspects. conjugation. tenses): formation of pasttensc 76-78; fut of 6lfi1o 10 ~ and formation of ipfv fut 215--18; motion vbs with u-d and m-d ipfvs 227 N. 256 N, l69-n; past ten.sc of 6Wn. 10 IH 5~57; pasl tense 0( lIJJ:ni 10 bt' KOUlf and its prefixed prv deri....tiYCS 352-54; pfv fut of: Mliri 10 mIn 240. anphwn. /0 mal 305, .aocrin. 10 tI'l 264. ur..;,TIo to jorget 264, :lllKWn. 10 ordu 263. ,....-pWn. 10 dosl' 264, to:ymin. to blly 215, H'IIHein. /0 ....rile 264, Ilapelulo to sliet 263, OCTiRlfrlo 10 leare 215, Ol'KpbtTlo 10 opel! 264, lIoltollt()uillo to waif 240. 1I0ll.oih:" 10 opf'r()(lch 240, onttiMan. to Ihink 240. llOlllllKOMHllo to in/rOO/ieI' 215, /IOl-m to ph()nl! 302, IIOiiTli to go and a:sin. 10 lokI' 102-03. II006ban. fa 1'111 dm-r 240. /IOe.,iin. 10 N1ld 263. ""'xan. 10 arri"tP 264, DJIIIII~ni 10 bring 240, t •..tJgn. 10 do 240. CIrII:liin. 10 soy 263. Cotk 10 bt' obiI' 188-90. mpooln. 10 ask 215. J'lIItn. 10 Ftnd out 240. irrq vb.dn. 10 gi"tP 32$-27: p.-e:s tense of lst conj vbs: !It.'In. 10 do 240. ~M'n. /0 Ihink 240. -niin. 10 ...'Oit 240• ..m. fO live 240, 264, )1I'n. to know 240. IlJlni
480
INDEX
10 IN goi"8 14-17, 237, to IN obiI' 188--90, _}1s8.n. to buy 240, _ iin. 10 wrdnSland 240. 06ban. 10 dull' 240, olllllJdjn. 10 I'X/,«' 237. pa66l11Tl> 10"'-* 25-27. 237, eJIi-wan. 10 lisl,." 240, eupiilllwun 10 ask 240, wrin. 10 rNd 240; pres tC'llSl: of irrcg vlll: Aadn. 10 gllV' 32$-27, xon;l1, to ...'Onl 75; pres tense of 2nd conj vbs: limen. 10 set: 1()4.-()5, 215. fOROpM"" 10 speak 45, 97-98, m06liTb to love 215, npoctin. /0 r/'qlll's/ 302, 305, em.iwan. 10 hear 45. 302, OloTpin 10 10lJk 305, eneuuiTlo 10 hllrry 43-45. 105. CTl)j-n, to
Sland 45. 302; pres tense of two-stem lst conj vb/;: ban. 10 be toing (by rdtiell') 264. ulfCiin. 10 ....rile 264. mm. 10 drink 264, Heldin. 10 look jor 263. TUQeaiiTlo to dmrce 264; rdI vb/; apUtrn.C:Il and ~u.n.n 10 like J83-.85; rdI vbs (aU forms): lirill.l:a 10 be afraid 411. aep.-jT...e- (pfv) to retllm 383. ao. . . . . .TIoCII 10 rl'lIIrn 382. JKH'O~ (pfv) 10 ~ 10 (l/I Qgrumml 412, l/lHHMiil'bCll to sllldy, OCCIIPY oneself 441. lIlIIKOMwn.cw, nOlK.Ko..........c. 10 mt!el 411. "'KTep«ollaTl,e. 10 be intf!rl!s/ct/ in 440, KnhloCi to seem 383, lIaY'INn,ell (pfv) to leum 441, 06pani'.'bCli (pfv) 10 COIISUIt 383. 06pa.uaT...e- 10 ronsull 382, ocTin.n (pfv) to rnnl/;n 411, opocHyl'w:a (pfv) 10 ...w.e lip 441, apocwniin.cll /0 ...·ok~ up 441, oep.a:in.at, p.ettpillhl.ca 10 become OIlKry 3&3. tJ'l)"'Bin.a (pfv) 10 lUJpptll 383. ~n.n to get rrody 441, eTaJlllB/hloCll 10 sl(l/Id. K~I up 383, YAIIA.'rin.n to be surprisM 411. yVn.ao to sludy 441. "oTin.clt to jeel like 411: with infs ending in --"110 188-90 verbs of motion: u-d vs m-d 269-72; with two ipfvs: elJlllTlo vs i"lITl> 256 N, "oroin. vs IIJllli 227 voiced lind voior::lcs.s consonants: alternation of 39-43: unvoiciog of ordinarily voiced cons 398-99; voicing of ordinarily unvoiced OODS 371 vowels (.see oJso insetted vowels): ··hard-series" vwllctlCrs 8-9; insened vwls and alternatioo of stems 124-25: inscrted vwls in gen pl of .aoi- and 0I0IO- nou.n5 241-42; inserted vwIs in nom 5g of CTOJt- nouns 121: reduction ofvwls in unstressed syllables 23-25; ··sortseries" vwl letters 8~9; sounds 3; vwl letters vs vwl sounds 23-25
where rAe vs KYAA: 20 fn; in directional (destinational)
VI
localional concepts 218~21 whoSl'..a, on.i, ..e: in dal sg and pi 375--78; in inslr sg and pi 4CI6-08; in nom, aa:. gen. and prep. sg and pi 299-lO2; in nom pi 125--27; in nom 5g 98-101 ...·;Ih: cxprc:sscd by inslr easoe fonn alone in scnse by mNIIIoj 400; exprc:sscd by prep e plus inSIr in sense in a«QIflpaniment ...·"h 400 word order: placement of adv and obj pron before vb 38 N; placement of numeral aner noun to express approximation 368 N; placement of subj pron before vb in I·~ questions 77 fn; use of gen case aner noun indicating thing possessed 156 , wriling system: Russian lH Cyrillic alphabet 57; ways of exJX'dSing tbe sound til in writing 9. 10, 206 fn year r6A: IWO gcn pi fOrm5-------l"O.1M and special form anused with numbers and advs of quantity 364 N
··1.o:ro" ending: concept of 54-55; in gen pi 242
