IN THE HO’NBLE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
In the matter of
Union of India (UOI)
(Appellant) v. Mohd. Nazim
(Respondent)
MEMORANDUM FOR THE RESPONDENT
COUNSEL FOR RESPONDENT (RUPALI VINOD RAMTEE)
ROLL NO! " #
%$SECTION & C
SEM" II
HIDAYATULLAH NATIONAL LAW UNIVE!ITY" AI#U
TA$LE O% &ONTENT!
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LI!T O% A$$EVIATION!..................................................................................'
TA$LE O% AUTHOITIE!...................................................................................
o o o
TABLE OF CASES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! BOOS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ACTS' LEISLATIONS AND STATUTES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!TATEMENT O% UI!DI&TION.........................................................................* !YNO#!I! O% %A&T!......................................................................................... I!!UE! AI!ED...................................................................................................+ !UMMAY O% A,UMENT!...............................................................................A,UMENT! ADVAN&ED......./ •
#AYE .............................................................................................................''
List of Abbreviations
AIR!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!All Inda Repo*te*s VPP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Val+e Pa,a-le Post
HC!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!H./ Co+*t
SC!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!S+p*e0e Co+*t
V!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Ve*s+s
111!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1o*ld 1de 1e-
P.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Pa.e N+0-e*
Index of Authorities
Cases Referred
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Del/ 2! Mess*s P!M! Rat/od 3 Co! 4I5%67 # S!C!R! 86# Unon o9 Inda 2! A0a* Sn./
Dictionary Referred • •
a*ne* B*,an' BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY ' :est *o+p P+-l;atons' < t/ Edton! Bla;=’s La1 D;tona*,' :est *o+p P+-ls/e*s' >66> Ed!
Statutes • • •
Indan Cont*a;t A;t' #?<> Indan Post O99;e A;t' #?5? Indan Post O99;e R+les @ R+le #6>
Books Referred •
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A2ata* Sn./' Indian Contract and Specific Relief Acts'(5t/ edton >66)'Easte*n Boo= Co0pan,' L+;=no1! Mot*a’s Law of Contract & Specific Relief '(t/ edton >66)'Un2e*sal La1 P+-ls/n. ;o! M+lla 3 Pollo;=' Indian Contract Act and Specific Relief ! #$t/ edton >66%) Easte*n Boo= Co0pan,' L+;=no1
Websites •• •• ••
/ttp"ndan=anoon!o*.do;#65>#$? /ttp"0an+pat*a9ast!o*. 111!la1d;tona*,!o*.
Statement of Facts
T/e plant99 n t/e t*al ;o+*t ;ase' Mo/d! Na0' /ad sent ;e*tan pa*;els -, VPP to a destnaton n Pa=stan! T/e *espondent /ad nstt+ted a s+t n t/e ;o+*t o9 M+ns9'
Mo*ada-ad' 9o* *e;o2e*, o9 a s+0 o9 Rs! #'%6'%?6 9*o0 t/e Unon o9 Inda (Post and Tele.*ap/ Depa*t0ent)!
It 1as alle.ed t/at d+*n. t/e pe*od 9*o0 A+.+st $#' #585 to Septe0-e* #<' #585 t/e plant99 despat;/ed 9*o0 t/e Mo*ada-ad Ct , Post O99;e t/*t, 2al+e@pa,a-le pa*;els to add*esses n La/o*e and Ra1alpnd n Pa=stan' t/at t/e, *e;e2ed t/e a*t;les and pad t/e ent*e a0o+nt pa,a-le' -+t t/e de9endant Unon o9 Inda 9aled to pa, t/e s+0 to t/e plant99!
T/e Unon o9 Inda n t/e* 1*tten state0ent ad0tted t/at t/e a9o*esad a*t;les 1e*e despat;/ed -, t/e plant99 as ;la0ed and t/at t/e* 2al+e 1as *e;o2e*ed n Pa=stan -+t t/e Unon o9 Inda dd not *e;e2e t/e s+0 9*o0 t/e Pa=stan o2e*n0ent as t/e 0one, o*de* se*2;e -et1een Inda and Pa=stan *e0aned s+spended 9*o0 Septe0-e* #5' #585 and t/s 1as t/e *eason 1/, t/e s+0 ;o+ld not -e pad to t/e plant99!
Re9e*en;e 1as 0ade to Se;ton $8 o9 t/e Indan Post O99;e A*t;le' #?5? and t 1as ;la0ed t/at t/e sad p*o2son a-sol2ed t/e Unon o9 Inda 9*o0 la-lt,!
It 1as 9+*t/e* ;ontended n t/e 1*tten state0ent t/at t/e plant99s ;la0' 0ade 9o* t/e 9*st t0e on O;to-e* >>' #56 1/;/ 1as -e,ond one ,ea* 9*o0 t/e date o9 t/e -oo=n. o9 t/e 2al+e@pa,a-le a*t;les' 1as not ad0ss-le +nde* R+le #6> o9 t/e R+les 9*a0ed +nde* t/e Indan Post O99;e A;t 1/;/ 9ed a t0e@l0t o9 one ,ea* 9*o0 t/e date o9 t/e postn. o9 t/e a*t;les 9o* 0a=n. s+;/ ;la0s!
It also appea*s 9*o0 t/e 1*tten state0ent t/at t/e postal a+t/o*tes /ad ass+*ed t/e plant99 t/at /s ;la0 1o+ld -e settled on *e;ept o9 t/e 0one, 9*o0 Pa=stan a9te* t/e 0one, o*de* se*2;e -et1een t/e t1o ;o+nt*es 1as *es+0ed!
T/e t*al ;o+*t ds0ssed t/e s+t on t/e .*o+nd t/at t/e plant99s ;la0 1as -a**ed +nde* R+le #6> # and 1as also not 0antana-le n 2e1 o9 t/e p*o2son to Se;ton $8 o9 t/e Indan Post O99;e A;t!
T/e 9*st appellate ;o+*t *e2e*sed t/s de;son and de;*eed t/e s+t! A..*e2ed -, t/e sad de;son o9 t/e 9*st appellate ;o+*t' t/e de9endant' Unon o9 Inda 9led a *e2son petton -e9o*e t/e H./ Co+*t o9 Alla/a-ad!
T/e H./ Co+*t on appeal -, t/e Unon o9 Inda a99*0ed t/e de;son o9 t/e lo1e* appellate ;o+*t de;*een. t/e s+t!
1 Indian Post Ofce Rules, 1933
A..*e2ed -, t/e ot/e*s passed on *e2son petton' t/e Unon o9 Inda /as 9led t/s appeal -, spe;al lea2e n t/e /ono*a-le S+p*e0e Co+*t o9 Inda!
ISSUS RAISD
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Does t/e post o99;e 1/en t a;;epts a postal a*t;le 9o* t*ans0sson a;t as an a.ent o9 t/e sende* o9 t/e a*t;leG
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:/e*e t/e postal a*t;le s sent 9*o0 Inda to an add*essee n a 9o*e.n ;o+nt*,' does t/e .o2e*n0ent o9 t/at ;o+nt*, a;t as a s+-@a.ent 9o* t*ans0sson o9 t/e a*t;leG
SU!!AR" #F AR$U!%&S
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Does t"e post office w"en it accepts a postal article for trans#ission act as an a$ent of t"e sender of t"e article% T/e post o99;e esta-ls/ed -, t/e o2e*n0ent o9 Inda 1as an a.ent o9 t/e plant99 9o* t*ans0sson o9 t/e postal a*t;les to add*essees n Pa=stan! In t/e p*esent ;ase' t s ad0tted n t/e 1*tten state0ent as 1ell as -, t/e de9endants 1tness t/at t/e add*essees /ad pad t/e a0o+nt to t/e Pa=stan o2e*n0ent! T/at o2e*n0ent 1as t/e a.ent o9 t/e Unon o9 Inda! I9 t/e a.ent a;tn. on -e/al9 o9 t/e Unon o9 Inda 9als to do /s d+t,' t/e plant99 ;annot -e 0ade to s+99e*! T/e 0atte* s -et1een t/e Unon o9 Inda and ts a.ent and t/e Unon o9 Inda s *espons-le 9o* pa,n. t/e 0one, to t/e plant99! T/e o2e*n0ent' a;tn. as an a.ent to t/e p*n;pal' t/at s' Unon o9 Inda' and a;ts 1t/ t/e dealn.s 1t/ t/*d pe*sons & t/e *espondent!
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W"ere t"e postal article is sent fro# India to an addressee in a forei$n contr' does t"e $o(ern#ent of t"at contr' act as a s)*a$ent for trans#ission of t"e article% o2e*n0ent o9 Pa=stan 1as *eall, a;tn. 9o* t/e o2e*n0ent o9 Inda as a s+-@a.ent' and t/at e2en 9 t/e s+-@a.ent 9aled to pa,' t/e la-lt, o9 Unon o9 Inda as a.ent o9 t/e plant99 dd not ;ease! A.en;, s 9o+nded +pon ;ont*a;t' ep*ess o* 0pled! T/e ass+0pton /e*e s t/at ent*+stn. a postal a*t;le to t/e post o99;e 9o* t*ans0sson .2es *se to a ;ont*a;t+al *elatons/p -et1een t/e sende* o9 t/e a*t;le and t/e post o99;e! T/+s' t/e a.ent e0plo,ed a pe*son and a;t +nde* t/e ;ont*ol o9' t/e o*.nal a.ent n t/e -+sness o9 a.en;,!
AR$U!%&S AD'A%CD
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ISSUE # & Does t"e post office w"en it accepts a postal article for trans#ission act as an a$ent of t"e sender of t"e article% Se;ton #?>' A.en;,' n t/e Indan Cont*a;t A;t' #?<>' s de9ned as & An a.ent s a pe*son e0plo,ed to do an, a;t 9o* anot/e*' o* to *ep*esent anot/e*' o* to *ep*esent anot/e* n dealn.s 1t/ t/*d pe*sons! T/e pe*son 9o* 1/o0 s+;/ a;t s done' o* 1/o s so *ep*esented' s ;alled t/e p*n;pal! :/at dstn.+s/es an a.ent 9*o0 a pe*son apponted to do an a;t' s t/e a.ent’s *ep*esentat2e ;apa;t, ;o+pled 1t/ a po1e* to a99e;t t/e le.al *elatons o9 t/e p*n;pal 1t/ t/*d pe*sons! T/e essen;e o9 t/e 0atte* s t/at t/e p*n;pal a+t/o*sed t/e a.ent to *ep*esent o* a;t 9o* /0 n -*n.n. t/e p*n;pal nto ;ont*a;t+al *elaton 1t/ a t/*d pe*son! T/e test o9 dete*0nn. t/e esten;e o9 a.en;, *elatons/p /as -een eplaned -, D/a1an J o9 t/e Alla/a-ad H./ Co+*t n t/e 9ollo1n. 1o*ds" A.en;, depends on t*+e nat+*e o9 *elatons/p! T/e A0e*;an K+*sp*+den;e *e9e*s to a ;ase n 1/;/ t 1as /eld t/at t/e +se o9 t/e 1o*ds a.en;, a.*ee0ent’ and a.ent’ -, t/e pa*tes n a ;ont*a;t does not ne;essa*l, esta-ls/ a *elatons/p o9 a.en;, n t/e le.al sense! T/e la1 n Inda s t/e sa0e! It /as -een /eld n se2e*al de;sons t/at t/e 9a;t t/at t/e pa*tes /a2e to ;all t/e* *elatons/p an a.en;, s not ;on;l+s2e' 9 t/e n;den;e o9 t/s *elatons/p as ds;losed -, e2den;e does not K+st9, a 9ndn. o9 a.en;,' and t/at t/e ;o+*t 0+st ea0ne t/e t*+e nat+*e o9 t/e *elatons/p and t/e 9+n;tons and *espons-ltes o9 t/e alle.ed a.ent! Appl,n. t/e a-o2e stated 9a;ts' t/e plant99' t/at s' t/e Unon o9 Inda /ad e0plo,ed o* ass.ned t/e o2e*n0ent o9 Inda to do t/e a;t 9o* t/e de9endant! A.en;, s 9o+nded +pon ;ont*a;t' ep*ess o* 0pled! T/e ass+0pton /e*e s t/at ent*+stn. a postal a*t;le to t/e post o99;e 9o* t*ans0sson .2es *se to a ;ont*a;t+al *elatons/p -et1een t/e sende* o9 t/e a*t;le and t/e post o99;e! Se;ton $8 o9 t/e Indan Post O99;e A;t states t/at & T/e Cent*al o2e*n0ent 0a,' -, not9;aton n t/e O99;al aette' d*e;t t/at' s+-Ke;t to t/e ot/e* p*o2sons o9 t/s A;t and to t/e pa,0ent o9 9ees at s+;/ *ates as 0a, -e 9ed -, t/e not9;aton' a s+0 o9 0one, spe;9ed n 1*tn. at t/e t0e o9 postn. -, t/e sende* o9 a postal a*t;le s/all -e *e;o2e*a-le on t/e del2e*, t/e*eo9 9*o0 t/e add*essee' and t/at t/e s+0' so *e;o2e*ed' s/all -e pad to t/e sende*!
Se;ton $8 o9 t/e A;t 0e*el, -a*s a s+t n a ;ase 1/e*e t/e a0o+nt /as not -een *e;e2ed 9*o0 t/e add*essee! In t/e p*esent ;ase' t s ad0tted n t/e 1*tten state0ent as 1ell as -, t/e de9endants 1tness t/at t/e add*essees /ad pad t/e a0o+nt to t/e Pa=stan o2e*n0ent! T/at o2e*n0ent 1as t/e a.ent o9 t/e Unon o9 Inda and 9 t/e a.ent a;tn. on -e/al9 o9 t/e Unon o9 Inda 9als to do /s d+t,' t/e plant99 ;annot -e 0ade to s+99e*! T/e 0atte* s -et1een t/e Unon o9 Inda and ts a.ent and t/e Unon o9 Inda s *espons-le 9o* pa,n. t/e 0one, to t/e plant99! It 1as 9+*t/e* ;ontended n t/e 1*tten state0ent t/at t/e de9endants ;la0' 0ade 9o* t/e 9*st t0e on O;to-e* >>' #56 1/;/ 1as -e,ond one ,ea* 9*o0 t/e date o9 t/e -oo=n. o9 t/e 2al+e@pa,a-le a*t;les' 1as not ad0ss-le +nde* R+le #6> o9 t/e R+les 9*a0ed +nde* t/e Indan Post O99;e A;t 1/;/ 9ed a t0e@l0t o9 one ,ea* 9*o0 t/e date o9 t/e postn. o9 t/e a*t;les 9o* 0a=n. s+;/ ;la0s! It 1as also /eld t/at t/e 9a;t t/at Unon o9 Inda /ad not -een a-le to *elease t/e s+0 9*o0 t/e Pa=stan o2e*n0ent 1as a 0atte* 1/;/ ;on;e*ned t/e t1o .o2e*n0ents and not t/e plant99 1/ose ;la0 ;o+ld not -e de9eated -e;a+se o9 non@pa,0ent -, t/e Pa=stan o2e*n0ent! Unde* R+le #6> o9 t/e R+les 9*a0ed +nde* t/e Indan Post O99;e A;t 1/;/ 9ed a t0e@l0t o9 one ,ea* 9*o0 t/e date o9 t/e postn. o9 t/e a*t;les 9o* 0a=n. s+;/ ;la0s! R+le #6> n so 9a* as t 9ed a l0t o9 one ,ea* 9o* 0a=n. t/e ;la0 1as ltra (ires (-e,ond one’s le.al po1e* o* a+t/o*t,) t/e A;t! Sn;e' t/e 0one, o*de* se*2;e -et1een Inda and Pa=stan *e0aned s+spended 9*o0 Septe0-e* #5' #585 and t/s 1as t/e *eason 1/, t/e s+0 ;o+ld not -e pad to t/e de9endant' and t/e*e9o*e' t/e a;tons o9 de9endant a*e totall, K+st9ed -, t/e 9a;t t/at 1t/ t/e 1atn.' loss pled o2e* and 9ln. t/e s+t 1as t/e *eso*t /e /ad to ta=e d+e to t/e 9al+*e o9 o2e*n0ent as t/e* a.ent! Re9e**n. to t/e de;son o9 Co##issioner of Inco#e*Ta+ Del"i (, -essrs .,-, Rat"od & Co /, 1/e*e t 1as /eld t/at t/e post o99;e 1as an a.ent o9 t/e selle* 9o* t/e *e;o2e*, o9 p*;e a.anst del2e*, o9 .oods! ap+*' J! spea=n. 9o* t/e Co+*t sad" In t/e ;ase o9 del2e*, o9 .oods -, V!P!P!' t s 00ate*al 1/et/e* t/e -+,e* d*e;ts t/e .oods to -e sent -, V!P!P! o* t/e selle* does so on /s o1n a;;o*d -e;a+se t/e .oods /anded o2e* to t/e Post O99;e -, t/e selle* ;an onl, -e del2e*ed to t/e -+,e* a.anst 2 #55 AIR #$58
pa,0ent and t/s pa,0ent s *e;e2ed 9o* and on -e/al9 o9 t/e selle*! T/e -+,e* does not pa, tll t/e .oods a*e *e;e2ed -, /0 and on;e /e /as pad t/e p*;e t s t/e Post O99;e t/at s *espons-le 9o* pa,0ent o9 t/e 0one, *e;e2ed -, t to t/e selle*! T/e -+,e* /as no lon.e* an, *espons-lt, n *e.a*d to t! T/e*e9o*e a pa,0ent to t/e Post O99;e s pa,0ent to t/e selle* and at t/e pla;e 1/e*e t/e .oods a*e del2e*ed and pa,0ent s 0ade!!!!! T/s s/o1s t/at 1/ate2e* -e t/e K+*al *elatons/p -et1een t/e selle* and t/e Post O99;e n *espe;t o9 ;a**a.e o9 .oods sent -, t/e selle* +nde* t/e V!P!P! s,ste0 t -e;o0es an a.ent o9 t/e selle* 9o* t/e *e;o2e*, o9 t/e p*;e and 9 t 9als to *e;o2e* t/e p*;e and del2e*s t/e .oods t s la-le 9o* an, da0a.e to t/e selle*! 0nion of India (, A#ar Sin$" 1! In t/s ;ase t/e *espondent -oo=ed ;e*tan .oods n Septe0-e*' #58< 1t/ t/e N! :! Ral1a, at +etta n Pa=stan to Ne1 Del/! T/e 1a.on ;ontann. t/e .oods 1as *e;e2ed at t/e Indan -o*de* staton o9 /e0 a*an on No2e0-e* #' #58< 9*o0 1/e*e t/e E!P! Ral1a, too= o2e*! T/e 1a.on *ea;/ed Ne1 Del/ on Fe-*+a*, #$' #58?! T/e *espondent .on. to ta=e del2e*, o9 t/e .oods 9o+nd a 0aKo* po*ton o9 t/e .oods not t*a;ea-le! In a s+t 9o* ;o0pensaton 9o* non@ del2e*, o9 .oods a.anst t/e Do0non o9 Inda' t 1as /eld on t/e 9a;ts o9 t/e ;ase t/at t/e N!:! Ral1a, /ad 0pled a+t/o*t, to appont t/e E!P! Ral1a, to a;t 9o* t/e ;ons.no* d+*n. t/e Ko+*ne, o9 .oods -, t/e E!P! Ral1a, and -, 9o*;e o9 se;ton #58 o9 t/e Indan Cont*a;t A;t' t/e E!P! Ral1a, -e;a0e an a.ent o9 t/e ;ons.no*! It 1as also /eld t/at e2en 9 an a.en;, ;o+ld not -e 0pled 9*o0 t/e 9a;ts' a ;ont*a;t o9 -al0ent ;o+ld -e n9e**ed -et1een t/e E!P! Ral1a, and t/e *espondent! T/+s' t/e Unon o9 Inda s *espons-le 9o* pa,n. t/e 0one, to t/e plant99! T/e o2e*n0ent' a;tn. as an a.ent to t/e p*n;pal' t/at s' Unon o9 Inda' and a;ts 1t/ t/e dealn.s 1t/ t/*d pe*sons & t/e *espondent!
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ISSUE > & W"ere t"e postal article is sent fro# India to an addressee in a forei$n contr' does t"e $o(ern#ent of t"at contr' act as a s)*a$ent for trans#ission of t"e article%
3 #5%6 AIR >$$
Se;ton #5#' S+-@a.ent s de9ned as & A s+-@a.ent s a pe*son e0plo,ed -,' and a;tn. +nde* t/e ;ont*ol o9' t/e o*.nal a.ent n t/e -+sness o9 t/e a.en;,! An a.ent s *espons-le to t/e p*n;pal 9o* t/e a;ts o9 t/e s+-@a.ent! In t/s *elaton' Pa=stan *e;e2ed t/e a*t;les and pad t/e ent*e a0o+nt pa,a-le' -+t t/e de9endant Unon o9 Inda 9aled to pa, t/e s+0 to t/e plant99! T/e Unon o9 Inda n t/e* 1*tten state0ent ad0tted t/at t/e a9o*esad a*t;les 1e*e despat;/ed -, t/e plant99 as ;la0ed and t/at t/e* 2al+e 1as *e;o2e*ed n Pa=stan -+t t/e Unon o9 Inda dd not *e;e2e t/e s+0 9*o0 t/e Pa=stan o2e*n0ent as t/e 0one, o*de* se*2;e -et1een Inda and Pa=stan *e0aned s+spended 9*o0 Septe0-e* #5' #585 and t/s 1as t/e *eason 1/, t/e s+0 ;o+ld not -e pad to t/e plant99! o2e*n0ent o9 Pa=stan 1as *eall, a;tn. 9o* t/e o2e*n0ent o9 Inda as a s+-@a.ent! A-o2e stated se;ton 9*o0 t/e A;t stated t/e de9nton o9 a s+-@a.ent' and ep*essl, o* 0pledl,' o2e*n0ent o9 Pa=stan /eld a *espons-lt, a9te* *e;e2n. VPP 9*o0 t/e o2e*n0ent o9 Inda' 1/le .2n. /0 t/e d+t, 1t/o+t an, p*ope* dele.aton! T/e o2e*n0ent o9 Pa=stan 1as 0pl,n.l, o-l.ed' as 1o*=n. +nde* t/e .o2e*n0ent o9 Inda to pa, -a;= t/e s+0 a9te* *e;e2n. t/e 2al+e pa,a-le post! In t/e p*esent ;ase' t s ad0tted n t/e 1*tten state0ent as 1ell as -, t/e de9endants 1tness t/at t/e add*essees /ad pad t/e a0o+nt to t/e Pa=stan o2e*n0ent! T/at o2e*n0ent 1as t/e a.ent o9 t/e Unon o9 Inda' and t e0plo,ed o2e*n0ent o9 Pa=stan as an s+-@a.ent 9o* t/e pa,0ent o9 0one, n *et+*n o9 t/e post! I9 t/e a.ent a;tn. on -e/al9 o9 t/e Unon o9 Inda 9als to do /s d+t,' t/e plant99 ;annot -e 0ade to s+99e*! T/e 0atte* s -et1een t/e Unon o9 Inda and ts a.ent and t/e Unon o9 Inda s *espons-le 9o* pa,n. t/e 0one, to t/e plant99' t/+s t/e s+-@a.ent s not d*e;tl, la-le to t/e p*n;pal' apa*t 9*o0 9*a+d and 1l9+l 1*on.! Unon o9 Inda /ad not -een a-le to *ealse t/e s+0 9*o0 t/e Pa=stan o2e*n0ent 1as a 0atte* 1/;/ ;on;e*ned t/e t1o .o2e*n0ents and not t/e de9endant 1/ose ;la0 ;o+ld not -e de9eated -e;a+se o9 non@pa,0ent -, t/e Pa=stan o2e*n0ent! Loss n;+**ed -, t/e de9endant 1as not K+st9ed! T/+s' t/e a.ent e0plo,ed a pe*son and a;t +nde* t/e ;ont*ol o9' t/e o*.nal a.ent n t/e -+sness o9 a.en;,!
#ra0er for e1ief In t"e li$"ts of t"e facts stated ar$#ents ad(anced at"orities cited t"e Consel s"all re2est t"e 3on’)le Spre#e Cort of India to declare and ad4d$e5
a. T/e appeal s/o+ld -e ds0ssed! 2. T/e post o99;e pla,ed a *ole o9 an a.ent and t/+s 1as +ns+;;ess9+l n /s d+t,! 3. T/e*e 1as an esten;e o9 s+-@a.en;, -et1een t/e o2e*n0ent o9 Pa=stan and
o2e*ne0ent o9 Inda!
d.
Also s/all pass an, ot/e* K+d.0ent n t/e l./t o9 K+st;e' e+t, and .ood ;ons;en;e! All o9 1/;/ s 0ost *espe;t9+ll, s+-0tted!
COUNSEL OF RESPONDENT R UPALI VINOD R AMTEE ROLL NO! #$% 6#
