Livro Formação Técnica TwinSAFE 2.11 (01_2018)

KAU]G ML EFO]LÔMFU A-

Aotrfmuêåf gf ]waoUGIL mf ]waoEG] 8.77

A-7 A-8 A-8.7 A-8.8 A-8.5 A-8.= A-8.<

― Aotrfmuêåf Aotrfmuêåf î Uljurgoêg-@çquaog ― Marltavgs l ofr`gs ml Uljurgoêg-@çquaog ― Aotrfmuêåf î Marltavg @çquaog ― Marltavg Marltavg @çquaog 8>>9/=8/EL ― ]apf ml ofr`gs lxastlotls ― Goçkasl ml rasef ― Uljurgoêg iuoeafogk

AA -

]lràogas l maspfsatavfs ml sljurgoêg

AA-7 AA-7.7 AA-7.7.7 AA-7.7.8 AA-7.7.5 AA-7.7.= AA-7.7.< AA-7.7.9 AA-7.8 AA-7.8.7 AA-7.8.8 AA-7.8.5 AA-7.8.= AA-7.8.< AA-7.8.9 AA-7.5 AA-7.5.7 AA-7.5.8 AA-7.5.5 AA-8 AA-8.7 AA-8.8 AA-8.5 AA-8.= AA-8.< AA-8.9

― ]lràogas ]lràogas ml sljurgoêg HLECBFII ― Lspleaiaegêüls Lspleaiaegêüls mfs tlràogas ml lotrgmgs sljurgs ― Magjrg`g ml hkfef mf LK71>= ― ]lstl ml a`puksfs ogs lotrgmgs sljurgs ― ]ghlkg ― ]ghlkg mfs pgrè`ltrfs mf LK71>= (‛Ugilty (‛Ugilty ^grg`ltlrs‐) ^grg`ltlrs‐) ― Lxl`pkf ml efoiajurgêåf mfs pgrè`ltrfs mf LK71>= ― Magjofstaef ml lstgmf l lrrfs ― Fhdltfs Fhdltfs ml magjofstaef (EfL fhdlets) ― Lspleaiaegêüls Lspleaiaegêüls mfs tlràogas ml sgàmgs sljurgs ― Magjrg`g ml hkfef mf LK81>= ― ]lstl ml a`puksfs ogs sgàmgs sljurgs ― ]ghlkg (‛Ugilty ^grg`ltlrs‐) ^grg`ltlrs‐) ]ghlkg mfs pgrè`ltrfs mf LK81>= (‛Ugilty ― Magjofstaef ml lstgmf l lrrfs ― Fhdltfs Fhdltfs ml magjoõstaef (EfL fhdlets) ― ^fssàvlas egusgs mgs `losgjlos ml magjofstaef ― Lspleaiaegêüls Lspleaiaegêüls mfs tlràogas ef` efotrfkgmfr kõjaef ]waoUGIL ― ^rfjrg`gêåf mf eõmajf kõjaef ml sljurgoêg ― Magjofstaef ml lstgmf l lrrfs ― Fhdltfs Fhdltfs ml magjoõstaef (EfL fhdlets) ― Maspfsatavfs ml sljurgoêg ― Ef`gomfs Ef`gomfs ml pgrgjl` ml l`lrjäoeag ― Ef`gomfs Ef`gomfs ml ha`gougk ― Hgrrlargs Hgrrlargs õtaegs ml sljurgoêg ― Uegoolrs ― Uegoolrs kgslr ml sljurgoêg ― ]gpltls ]gpltls l hgtlotls ml sljurgoêg ― ^frtgs ^frtgs l traoefs ml sljurgoêg

^fjrg`gêåf efotrfkgmfrls ]waoUGIL AAA - ]waoEG] 8.77 ― ^fjrg`gêåf

AAA-7 AAA-7.7 AAA-7.8 AAA-7.5 AAA-7.= AAA-7.< AAA-8 AAA-8.7 AAA-8.8

― ^rfjrg`gêåf mf ]waoUGIL of ]waoEG] 8.77 ― Grquatlturg Grquatlturg hgsl mf bgrmwgrl mf cat ml ifr`gêåf ― Eragr prfdltf ml sljurgoêg of ]waoEG] 8.77 (]waoUGIL) ― Eragr Eragr prfjrg`g ml gutf`gtas`f of sfit^KE ]waoEG] 8.77 Kaocgjl` mf prfdltf ]waoUGIL ef` f prfjrg`g sfit^KE ]waoEG] 8.77 ― Kaocgjl` ― Mlsegrrljgr prfjrg`g ml sljurgoêg mf ]waoUGIL pgrg f LK91>> ― ]lstl l `foatfrazgêåf mf prfdltf ef`pkltf ― Mlhujjaoj Mlhujjaoj mf prfjrg`g ml sljurgoêg ― @foatfrazgêåf mf prfjrg`g ml sljurgoêg

AY - Lsqul`gs ml sljurgoêg ef` ]waoUGIL

AY-7 AY-7.7 AY-8 AY-8.7 AY-5 AY-5.7 AY-= AY-=.7 AY-=.8 AY-< AY-<.7 AY-<.8 AY-<.5 AY-<.= AY-9 AY-9.7 AY-9.8 AY-9.5

― Eareuatf ― Eareuatf ml ef`gomf g mugs `åfs ef` ]waoUGIL (‛]wf-bgom (‛]wf-bgom efotrfk ‐) ‐) ― HA@GO\GK HA@GO\GK ― Egt. = l ^K0l ― Eareuatf ― Eareuatf ef` tgpltls ef` ]waoUGIL (‛Ugilty (‛Ugilty `gt gom hu`plr‐) hu`plr‐) ― ]G^L]L ]G^L]L ML ULJ\XGOÊG ― Egt. = l ^K0l ― Eareuatf ― Eareuatf ml segoolrs kgslr ef` ]waoUGIL (‛Ugilty (‛Ugilty kgslr segoolr‐) segoolr‐) ― UEGOOLX UEGOOLX KGULX ― Egt. 5 l ^K0l ― Eareuatf ― Eareuatf ml hgrrlargs kuàofsgs ef` ]waoUGIL (‛Ugilty (‛Ugilty kajtb eurtgao‐) eurtgao‐) ― HGXXLAXG HGXXLAXG K\@AOFUG ― Egt. = l ^K0l ― HGXXLAXG HGXXLAXG K\@AOFUG (ef` @utaoj) ― Egt. = l ^K0l ― Eareuatf ^rftletavl mffr `gebaol) Eareuatf ml pfrtgs ml sljurgoêg ef` ]waoUGIL ( ^rftletavl ― ^FX]G ^FX]G ML ULJ\XGOÊG (7ª vgragotl) ― Egt. 5 l ^K0m ― ^FX]G ^FX]G ML ULJ\XGOÊG (8ª vgragotl) ― Egt. = l ^K0l ― ^FX]G ^FX]G ML ULJ\XGOÊG (ef` `foatfrazgêåf) ― Egt. = l ^K0l ― ^FX]G ^FX]G ML ULJ\XGOÊG (ef` loergvg`lotf) ― Egt. = l ^K0l ― Eareuatf Eareuatf ml pgrgjl` ml l`lrjäoeag ef` ]waoUGIL (‛L`lrjloey Utfp‐ ) ― HF]ÅF HF]ÅF ML L@LXJÄOEAG (7ª vgragotl) ― Egt. 5 l ^K0m ― HF]ÅF HF]ÅF ML L@LXJÄOEAG (8ª vgragotl) ― Egt. 5 l ^K0m ― HF]ÅF HF]ÅF ML L@LXJÄOEAG (5ª vgragotl) ― Egt. = l ^K0l

7

< < <

9 2 1 75 7=

7< 7< 79 79 7: 72 8>

8> 8> 87 88 85 8= 89

89 89 8: 81 81 5> 57 58 55 5=

5< 5<

59 =8 =5 =9 =2 =2 =1 << << <9 <9 <: <: <2 <2 <1 9> 9> 97 98 95 9< 9< 99 9:

HLECBFII G\]F@G]AFO ]waoUGIL Y8.77

AY -

Lsqul`gs ml sljurgoêg ef` ]waoUGIL

AY-9.= AY-9.< AY-9.9 AY-9.:

― HF]ÅF HF]ÅF ML L@LXJÄOEAG (=ª vgragotl) ― Egt. = l ^K0l ― HF]ÅF HF]ÅF ML L@LXJÄOEAG (<ª vgragotl) ― Egt. = l ^K0l ― HF]ÅF HF]ÅF ML L@LXJÄOEAG (9ª vgragotl) ― Egt. 5 l ^K0m ― HF]ÅF HF]ÅF ML L@LXJÄOEAG (:ª vgragotl) ― Egt. = l ^K0l

Golxf G - Iuoêüls Hkfef ]waoUGIL pgrg ]waoEG] 8.77

G-7 G-7.7 G-7.8 G-7.5 G-7.= G-7.=.7 G-7.=.8 G-7.=.5 G-8 G-8.7 G-8.7.7 G-8.7.8 G-8.7.5 G-8.8 G-8.8.7 G-8.8.8 G-8.8.5 G-8.5 G-8.5.7 G-8.5.8 G-8.5.5 G-8.= G-8.=.7 G-8.=.8 G-8.=.5 G-8.< G-8.<.7 G-8.<.8 G-8.<.5 G-8.<.= G-8.9 G-8.9.7 G-8.9.8 G-8.9.5 G-8.: G-8.:.7 G-8.:.8 G-8.:.5 G-8.2 G-8.2.7 G-8.2.8 G-8.2.5 G-8.1 G-8.1.7 G-8.1.8 G-8.1.5

― Uastl`g ]waoUGIL ― Mlseraêåf iuoeafogk ― Efotrfkgmfrls kõjaefs ]waoUGIL (CK91>=/LK91>>/LK915>) ― Jrupfs ]waoUGIL ― Magjofstaef mf sastl`g ]waoUGIL ― Aoifr`gêåf ml lstgmf mf jrupf ]waoUGIL ― Magjofstaef mgs Iuoêüls Hkfef ]waoUGIL ― Magjofstaef mgs efolxüls ]waoUGIL ― Iuoêüls Hkfef ]waoUGIL ― Iuoêåf Hkfef LU]F^ ― Mlseraêåf iuoeafogk LU]F^ ― Mlseraêåf mgs vgraçvlas ml lotrgmg l sgàmg mg IH LU]F^ ― Aoifr`gêåf mf magjofstaef l lstgmf mg IH LU]F^ ― Iuoêåf Hkfef ]ZFBGOM ― Mlseraêåf iuoeafogk ]ZFBGOM ― Mlseraêåf mgs vgraçvlas ml lotrgmg l sgàmg mg IH ]ZFBGOM ― Aoifr`gêåf mf magjofstaef l lstgmf mg IH ]ZFBGOM ― Iuoêåf Hkfef LM@ ― Mlseraêåf iuoeafogk LM@ ― Mlseraêåf mgs vgraçvlas ml lotrgmg l sgàmg mg IH LM@ ― Aoifr`gêåf mf magjofstaef l lstgmf mg IH LM@ ― Iuoêåf Hkfef @FO ― Mlseraêåf iuoeafogk @FO ― Mlseraêåf mgs vgraçvlas ml lotrgmg l sgàmg mg IH @FO ― Aoifr`gêåf mf magjofstaef l lstgmf mg IH @FO ― Iuoêåf Hkfef @\]AOJ ― Mlseraêåf iuoeafogk @\]AOJ ― Mlseraêåf mgs vgraçvlas ml lotrgmg l sgàmg mg IH @\]AOJ ― Aoifr`gêåf mf magjofstaef l lstgmf mg IH @\]AOJ ― Lxl`pkfs prçtaefs ef` slosfrls l` @\]AOJ ― Iuoêüls Hkfef MLEF\^KLX, GOM, FX, UX, XU ― Mlseraêåf iuoeafogk MLEF\^KLX, GOM, FX, UX, XU ― Mlseraêåf mgs vgraçvlas ml lotrgmg l sgàmg MLEF\^KLX,GOM,FX,UX,XU ― Aoifr`gêåf mf magjofstaef l lstgmf mg IH MLEF\^KLX,GOM,FX,UX,XU ― Iuoêüls Hkfef ]FO l ]FII ― Mlseraêåf iuoeafogk ]FO l ]FII ― Mlseraêåf mgs vgraçvlas ml lotrgmg l sgàmg ]FO l ]FII ― Aoifr`gêåf mf magjofstaef l lstgmf mg IH ]FO l ]FII ― Iuoêåf Hkfef F^@FML ― Mlseraêåf iuoeafogk F^@FML ― Mlseraêåf mgs vgraçvlas ml lotrgmg l sgàmg F^@FML ― Aoifr`gêåf mf magjofstaef l lstgmf mg IH F^@FML ― Iuoêåf Hkfef EFOOLE]AFO UB\]MFZO ― Mlseraêåf iuoeafogk EFOOLE]AFO UB\]MFZO ― Mlseraêåf mgs vgraçvlas ml lotrgmg l sgàmg EFOOLE]AFO UB\]MFZO ― Aoifr`gêåf mf magjofstaef l lstgmf mg IH EFOOLE]AFO UB\]MFZO

92 91 :> :7 :5 :5 :5 :5 := := :< :< :: :: :: :: :2 :1 :1 :1 2> 27 27 27 28 25 25 2= 2< 29 29 29 2: 22 1> 1> 17 18 15 15 15 1= 1< 1< 1< 19 1: 1: 1: 12

ax

HXLUA@GX G\]F@GÊÅF

Egpàtukf A OFX@G ALE 98>97 G ofr`g aotlrogeafogk ALE 98>97 efosamlrg egmg iuoêåf ml sljurgoêg l` mltgkbl tlomf qul slr

lkghfrgmfs

sljurgoêg

rlquasatfs

lspleàiaefs.

ml

Olstls

rlquasatfs aoekul`-sl fs sljuaotls pfotfs4

Lspleaiaegêåf iuoeafogk 4 F qul egmg iuoêåf igz l` pfr`lofr.

Lspleaiaegêåf ml aotljramgml ml sljurgoêg 4 Mliaol g prfhghakamgml ml qul f lxajamf î iuoêåf slrç rlgkazgmf sfh efomaêüls lspleaiaegs. G lspleaiaegêåf ml aotljramgml ml sljurgoêg, sljurgoêg, efosamlrg igkbgs ml bgrmwgrl l bgrmwgrl l igkbgs ml sastl`g. Gs igkbgs ml sastl`g såf gqulkgs qul lståf rlkgeafogmgs ef` egusg s lspleaiaegs l gplogs pfml` slr lvatgmgs plkg rl`fêåf mgs rlspltavgs egusgs, jlrgk`lotl gtrgvás ml u`g `fmaiaegêåf mf mlslobf. L` jlrgk lstgs igkbgs rlsuktg` ml lspleaiaegêüls aoefrrltgs of aoaeaf mf prfdltf. Og ofr`g ALE 98>97 á lstghlkleamf u` rlquasatf ml aotljramgml ml sljurgoêg sljurgoêg gtrgvás ml u` vgkfr qul aomaeg g prfhghakamgml ml igkbgs plrajfsgs pfr bfrg pgrg egmg iuoêåf ml sljurgoêg rlkgeafogmg. F vgkfr pgrg f Oavlk ml Aotljramgml ml Uljurgoêg UAK á egkeukgmf gtrgvás mf oà vlk ml sljurgoêg ml egmg ef`pfolotl fu ml egmg suhsastl`g. G mltlràogêåf mf UAK (‛Ugilty Aotljraty Klvlk‐ ) á lxl`pkaiaegmg og tghlkg sljuaotl 4

OFX@G LO AUF 752=1-7 G ofr`g lurfplag LO lurfplag LO AUF 752=1-7 lkghfrgmg plkf ELO ― ELO ― Efàtá Lurfplu ml Ofr`gkazgêåf sfhrl Ofr`gkazgêåf sfhrl ájaml mg AUF mliaol u` oàvlk ml mlsl`plobf ml sljurgoêg mlofàogmf sljurgoêg mlofàogmf ml ^K (‛^lrif`goel (‛^lrif`goel Klvlk ‐) ‐) trgmuzamf plkg gtrahuaêåf mgs kltrgs G, H, E, M fu L. ]gk ef`f g ofr`g LO98>97 tg`há` lstghlklel lstl vgkfr g pgrtar mg prfhghakamgml ml igkbgs tlomf l` efotg 5 vgraçvlas. Lssgs vgraçvlas såf gs sljuaotls4 (‛@lgo ]a`l tf Igakurl‐) Igakurl‐) 4 ]l`pf lsta`gmf gtá fefrrlr u`g igkbg plrajfsg l qul á lstghlkleamf gtrgvás @]]I (‛@lgo mf sljuaotl qugmrf 4

Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

7>


Egpàtukf AA

AA-7.7.5 ― ]ghlkg mfs pgrè`ltrfs mf LK71>= (‛Ugilty ^grg`ltlrs‐) Of`l mf ^grè`ltrf

Uajoaiaegmf

Ygkfr

‛IU Fplrgtaoj @fml‐ ‛Fplrgtaoj @fml‐

Lomlrlêf IU>L gtrahuàmf plkf MA^ swateb @fmf ml Fplrgêåf mgs lotrgmgs majatgas ml sljurgoêg Jlrgr trl` ml a`puksfs g sgar plkf Aoput 7+ l g lotrgr l` Aoput 7Jlrgr trl` ml a`puksfs g sgar plkf Aoput 8+ l g lotrgr l` Aoput 8Jlrgr trl` ml a`puksfs g sgar plkf Aoput 5+ l g lotrgr l` Aoput 5Jlrgr trl` ml a`puksfs g sgar plkf Aoput =+ l g lotrgr l` Aoput =Gtavgr g ef`haogêåf kõjaeg lotrl f egogk 7l8

7 g 9<<5< majatgk stgomstakk `foatfraoj 7‐ fu ‛8‐ / IGKUL ]X\L /

S2>>>4>7P

‛Ulosfr tlst Ebgoolk 7 getavl‐ S2>>74>7P ‛Ulosfr tlst Ebgoolk 8 getavl‐ S2>>74>8P ‛Ulosfr tlst Ebgoolk 5 getavl‐ S2>>74>5P ‛Ulosfr tlst Ebgoolk = getavl‐ S2>>74>=P ‛Kfjae Ebgoolk 7 gom 8‐ S2>>84>7P

‛

‐ ‐

‛

/ IGKUL ]X\L /

]X\L / IGKUL / IGKUL ]X\L / + ‛saojkl kfjae ebgoolk 7/8‐ + ‐gsyoebrfofus gogkysls FUUM , …‐ (f tlstl mf slosfr mlvl lstgr FII) + ‐goy puksl rlpa tatafo tatafo FUUM,…‐ (f tlstl mf slosfr mlvl lstgr FII) + ‐sbfrt eut ebgoolk 7/8, … (oåf mlvlr slr efosamlrgmg igkbg) + ‛saojkl kfjae ebgoolk 5/=‐ + ‐gsyoebrfofus gogkysls FUUM, …‐ (f tlstl mf slosfr mlvl lstgr FII) + ‐goy puksl rlpltatafo FUUM,…‐ (f tlstl mf slosfr mlvl lstgr FII) + ‐sbfrt eut ebgoolk 5/= , … (oåf mlvlr slr efosamlrgmg igkbg) >x>>>> >x>>>> ‐

‛Kfjae Ebgoolk 5 gom =‐ S2>>84>5P

Gtavgr g ef`haogêåf kõjaeg lotrl f egogk 5l=

‐

‛ Utfrl Utfrl efml‐ efml‐ ‛^rfdlet EXE ‐

Olelssçraf pgrg f ‛Xlstfrl ‛ Xlstfrl @fml‐ @fml‐ Olelssçraf pgrg f ‛Xlstfrl ‛ Xlstfrl @fml‐ @fml‐

AA-7.7.= ― Lxl`pkfs ml efoiajurgêåf mfs pgrè`ltrfs mf LK71>= ^grg egmg tapf ml lquapg`lotf ml sljurgoêg (ha`gougk , hftåf ml l`lrjäoeag, hgrrlargs kuàofsgs, lte) tl`fs ml efoiajurgr fs pgrè`ltrfs, `fstrgmfs og tghlkg gotlrafr, ml `golarg mailrlotl. Ml sljuamg ml`fostrg`fs, ef` mavlrsfs lxl`pkfs, lssgs efoiajurgêüls.

Lxl`pkf 74 Efoiajurgêåf mg LK71>= ef` Hgrrlargs Kuàofsgs (kajtb hgrralrs) Uõ slosfrls (hgrrlargs kuàofsgs fu segoolrs kgslr ml ml sljurgoêg `çquaog) ef` gutftlstl mgs sugs sgàmgs, ef` u` a`puksf `çxa`f ml 5<> ¼s, á qul sl pfml` kajgr î egrtg LK71>= (vldg g iajurg sljuaotl).

Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

79


Egpàtukf AA

7´ KLM4 ‛ Magj 7‐ (efr vlrml) - Aomaeg f lstgmf mg aotlrigel mf ]waoUGIL Efmaiaegêåf mf lrrf ( pasegr mf KLM)

KLM gelsf efotaoug`lotl âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` 7 a`puksf ikgsb âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` 8 a`puksf ikgsb âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` 5 a`puksf ikgsb âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` = a`puksf ikgsb âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` < a`puksf ikgsb âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` 9 a`puksf ikgsb âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` : a`puksf ikgsb âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` 2 a`puksf ikgsb

Uajoaiaegmf L` iuoeafog`lotf ofr`gk 4 Ul` lrrfs l efùoaegêåf mf ]waoUGIL FC Lrrf ofs pgrè`ltrfs U (pgrè`ltrf ]waoU GIL ) Lrrf ofs pgrè`ltrfs A (pgrè`ltrf A omavamugk omavamugk )

Î lsplrg mfs pgrè`ltrfs U l A. ^grè`ltrfs U, A efrrltfs (lsplrg frml` ml efotrfkf) Lrrf ml wgtebmfj. Lrrf ml EXE Lrrf mgmf plkf o´ ml slquloeag Lrrf ml efùoaegêåf of prftfefkf ]waoUGIL ] waoUGIL

KLM4 ‛ Magj 8 ‐ (efr vlr`lkbg) ― Geloml g efr vlr`lkbg qugomf mltltg g aodlêåf, ou`g lotrgmg Aoput, ml u`g ifotl ml gka`lotgêåf ml 8=Y me lxtlrog î egrtg fu lxastl eareuatf eruzgmf. F lrrf gpgjg-sl qugomf sl lkaàog g egusg.

8´

5´ l =´ KLM4 ‛ Magj 5 ‐ l ‛ Magj = ‐ (efr vlr`lkbg) ― Ul f 5´ KLM (‛ Magj 5‐) 5 ‐) lstç gelsf aomaeg u` lrrf aotlrof qul pfml slr kamf of =´ KLM KLM (‛ Magj =‐). ‛ Magj =‐ =‐). F tapf ml lrrf mlvl slr loefotrgmf gtrgvás mf puksgr mf KLM ‛ Magj =‐ (vlr tghlkg

sljuaotl). G táeoaeg ml klaturg á ilatg gtrgvás ml = slquäoeags ml a`puksfs kuàofsfs mf KLM. Egmg slquloeag á slpgrgmg pfr u` lspgêf tl`pfrgk eurtf. Gpõs gs = slquäoeags bç u`g pgrgjl` kfojg. G tghlkg sljuaotl aomaeg f tapf ml lrrfs efoifr`l f ou`lrf ml a`puksfs mlotrf mgs = slquäoeags. KLM ‛Magj 5‐

KLM ‛Magj =‐ (mlvl pasegr sljuaomf = slquäoeags ml ikgsbaoj)

Ulquäoeag FO

Uajoaiaegmf

Ufkuêåf

9-7-7-7

]l`plrgturg `çxa`g aotlrog lxelmamg

Ylraiaqul g rlirajlrgêåf mf qugmrf ml ef`gomf foml sl loefotrg g egrtg LK.

:-7-7-7

]l`plrgturg aotlrog aoilrafr î `àoa`g plràtamg ]losåf gka`lotgêåf `çxa`g mf ¼E7 lxelmamg ]losåf gka`lotgêåf `çxa`g mf ¼E8 lxelmamg ]losåf gka`lotgêåf mf ¼E7 ghgaxf mf kaàtl `àoa`f ]losåf gka`lotgêåf mf ¼E8 ghgaxf mf kaàtl `àoa`f Lxelmamf g tl`plrgturg mailrloeagk lotrl fs pfotfs ml `lmaêåf

8-7-8-7 5-7-8-7 =-7-8-7 <-7-8-7 2-7-7-7

Ylraiaqul g ifotl ml gka`lotgêåf.

Ylraiaqul g aostgkgêåf l g tl`plrgturg g`halotl.

Ul surjarl` futrgs slquäoeags sajoaiaeg qul lxastl` lrrfs aotlrofs of tlràogk. Lssls lrrfs mlvl` ifrêgr g pgrgjl` mf iuoeafog`lotf mg egrtg LK71>=.

AA-7.7.9 ― Fhdltfs ml magjoõstaef (EfL fhdlets) Fs fhdltfs ml magjoõstaef slrvl` pgrg aotlrog`lotl vlraiaegr`fs gs pfssàvlas egusgs ml `gus iuoeafog`lotfs mg egrtg ml sljurgoêg.

Ouoeg mlvlrl`fs gktlrgr lssls fhdltfs EfL of lmatfr ]waoEG]. Wugkqulr gktlrgêåf mlssls fhdltfs klvg mliaoatavg`lotl g egrtg ml sljurgoêg pgrg `fmf igkbg (Igak-Utfp stgtl).

Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

72


Egpàtukf AA

Àomael IG2>blx4 Ygkfrls aotlrofs ml tl`plrgturg F fhdltf EfL IG2>blx aomaeg f vgkfr ml tl`plrgturg aotlrog gtugk`lotl og egrtg LK71>=.

Àomael IG2>4>7 IG2>4>8

Of`l

Uajoaiaegmf

]l`plrgturl 7 ]l`plrgturl 8 Mligukt 0 Ygkfrls vaomfs ml içhraeg ‛

‐

‛

‐

@lmaêåf tl`plrgturg 7 @lmaêåf tl`plrgturg 8

Ikgjs XF XF

Mligukt >hao >hao

Ikgjs XF

Mligukt

Àomael 2>>Lblx4 Aoifr`gêåf ml magjoõstaef F fhdltf EfL 2>>Lblx `fstrg `gas aoifr`gêåf ml magjoõstaef mg egrtg LK71>=.

Àomael 2>>L4>

Of`l

Uajoaiaegmf

Magjoõstaef

2>>L4>G

Lrrf ofs tlstls mfs slosfrls

2>>L4>H

Lrrf of pgr ml egogas

2>>L4>E

Lrrf l` tgpltl ml sljurgoêg @fmf ml fplrgêåf4 ‛aoput pgar masgjrll‐ masgjrll‐

Fs suhàomaels efotl` f magjoõstaef Mltltgmf u`g Ifotl ml Gka`lotgêåf Hat lxtlrog fu eareuatf eruzgmf. > 7hao Lrrf of Aoput 7 7 7hao Lrrf of Aoput 8 8 7hao Lrrf of Aoput 5 5 7hao Lrrf of Aoput = Lrrf qul fefrrl of tlstl g mfas egogas (lx. Hat egogas oåf effrmlogmfs). > 7hao Lrrf og 7ª lotrgmg mf pgr 7 7hao Lrrf og 8ª lotrgmg mf pgr Hat Lrrf of pgr ml lotrgmgs 7,> 7hao Lrrf of 7´ pgr ml egogas 5,8 7hao Lrrf of 8´ pgr ml egogas Lrrf ofs tlstls ml a`puksfs ef` g utakazgêåf ml tgpltls ml sljurgoêg (lx. Hat mltltgmg u`g ifotl ml gka`lotgêåf lxtlrog). > 7hao Lrrf of Aoput 7 7 7hao Lrrf of Aoput 8 8 7hao Lrrf of Aoput 5 5 7hao Lrrf of Aoput =

2>>L4>M

Lrrf l` tgpltl ml sljurgoêg @fmf ml fplrgêåf4 ‛lxtlrogk suppky ‐

Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

XF

XF

XF

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>hao >hao >hao >hao

XF >hao >hao >hao >hao

71


Egpàtukf AA

^grg tlr`fs lstg iuoêåf ml tlstl ml a`puksfs, l` egmg u` mfs egogas mg egrtg LK81>=, tlrl`fs of ]waoUGIL (LtblrEG]) ml efoiajurgr f pgrè`ltrf ‛eurrlot `lgsurl`lot ‐ l f ‛tlstaoj fi futputs getavl‐ g ]X\L . Oåf lxastl rgzåf iuoeafogk tlr`fs f pgrè`ltrf ‛eurrlot `lgsurl`lot ‐ g ]X\L l f ‛tlstaoj fi futputs getavl‐ g IGKUL .

AA-7.8.5 ― ]ghlkg mfs pgrè`ltrfs mf LK81>= (‛Ugilty ^grg`ltlrs‐) Of`l mf ^grè`ltrf

Uajoaiaegmf

Ygkfr

‛Utgomgrm futputs getavl‐

^fml`fs efkfegr u`g sgàmg mg egrtg LK81>= g slr efùtgmg pfr u`g efomaêåf rlsamlotl of ^KE stgomgrm. G sgàmg á kaocgmg ef` u` saogk kõ jaef ‛GOM‐. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl ml efosu`f mf rlkl fu efotgtfr lstç gtavg (igz g `lmaêåf). F tlstl ml a`puksfs mf rlspltavf egogk á gtavgmf.

]X\L /IGKUL

Ef` f vgkfr ]X\L4 Lrrfs og egrtg LK klvg` g u` XLUL] ogs kajgêüls mf ]waoUGIL (lrrf 7= S>x>LP). Lstl eõmajf ml lrrf á `fstrgmf ofs mgmfs ml magjoõstaef l `gotl`-sl gtá rlefoblelr`fs f lrrf, gtrgvás mg ikgj ‛LrrGec ‐, ‐, of jrupf mf ]waoUGIL. Ef` f vgkfr IGKUL (vgkfr ml içhraeg)4 Lrrfs og egrtg LK sõ sl pfml igzlr f XLUL] gtrgvás mf efrtl ml lolrjag î egrtg l rlaoaeag-kg ml ofvf. Olelssçraf pgrg f ‛Xlstfrl ‛ Xlstfrl @fml‐ @fml‐ Olelssçraf pgrg f ‛Xlstfrl ‛ Xlstfrl @fml‐ @fml‐

]X\L /IGKUL

S2>>>4>7P

‛Eurrlot `lgsurl`lot getavl‐ S2>>>4>8P

‛]lstaoj fi futputs getavl‐

]X\L /IGKUL ]X\L /IGKUL

S2>>>4>5P

‛Lrrfr gecofwklmjl getavl‐ S2>>>4>=P

‛ Utfrl Utfrl efml‐ efml‐ ‛^rfdlet EXE ‐

>x>>>> >x>>>>

OF]G 4 Ul tavlr`fs fs pgrè`ltrfs ‛ eurrlot `lgsurl`lot getavl‐ fu f ‛ tlstaoj fi futputs getavl‐ gtavf (]X\L) egmg u` mfs egogas Futput 7 g = jlrg` a`puksfs ml tlstl. Ul bç aomaegêåf ml lrrf og egrtg LK, pfr aoef`pgtahakamgml iuoeafogk mfs lquapg`lotfs ml efrtl (rlkás fu efotgtfrls) qul utakazg`fs og gpkaegêåf, mlvl`fs pfr fs mfas pgrè`ltrfs gotlrafrls g IGKUL . Oåf lxastl l oåf igz qugkqulr slotamf tlr`fs fs pgrè`ltrfs ‛tlstaoj fi futputs getavl‐ g IGKUL ef` g prfpralmgml ‛ eurrlot `lgsurl`lot getavl‐ g ]X\L .

Gf mlskajgr`fs lstls mfas pgrè`ltrfs rlmuza`fs g ekgssaiaegêåf mf oàvlk ml sljurgoêg mg `çquaog aomustragk l` qul lstç aostgkgmf f sastl`g Hlecbfii ]waoUGIL.

Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

87


Egpàtukf AA

Dgolkg mfs pgrè`ltrfs mg egrtg LK81>=.

AA-7.8.= ― Magjoõstaef ml lstgmf l lrrfs ]fmgs gs egrtgs pfssul` of slu irfotgk u` efoduotf ml 2 KLM½s ml efr vlrml fu vlr`lkbg. Lstls KLM½s trgosàtl` gfs fplrgmfrls ml `goutloêåf fu ml prfdltf f lstgmf fu lrrfs ml iuoeafog`lotf mg egrtg. Fs KLM½s Magj 7 , 8 , 5 , l = slrvl` pgrg magjofstaegr lrrfs iuoeafogas mg egrtg LK81>=.

7´ KLM4 ‛ Magj 7‐ (efr vlrml) vlrml) - Aomaeg f lstgmf mg aotlrigel mf ]waoUGIL Efmaiaegêåf mf lrrf ( pasegr mf KLM)

KLM gelsf efotaoug`lotl

Uajoaiaegmf L` iuoeafog`lotf sl` lrrfs.

8´ KLM4 ‛ Magj 8‐ (efr vlr`lkbg) vlr`lkbg) - Aomaeg f lstgmf mgs sgàmgs majatgas ml sljurgoêg mg egrtg LK Efmaiaegêåf mf lrrf ( pasegr mf KLM)

Uajoaiaegmf Eareuatf mg egrjg l` eareuatf Lrrf og sgàmg 7 (Futput ( Futput 7) âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` 7 a`puksf ikgsb 7) ghlrtf fu efrrlotl ml egrjg Lrrf og sgàmg 8 (Futput ( Futput 8) 8) âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` 8 a`puksf ikgsb aoilrafr g 8>`G fu suplrafr g Lrrf og sgàmg 5 (Futput ( Futput 5) 5) âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` 5 a`puksf ikgsb <>>`G. Lrrf og sgàmg = (Futput ( Futput =) âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` = a`puksf ikgsb =) âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` < a`puksf ikgsb Oàvlk ml tlosåf hgaxf âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` 9 a`puksf ikgsb Oàvlk ml tlosåf gktf âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` : a`puksf ikgsb ]l`plrgturg aotlrog of tlràogk ùatf hgaxg âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` 2 a`puksf ikgsb ]l`plrgturg aotlrog of tlràogk ùatf gktg âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` 1 a`puksf ikgsb Lrrf of mailrloeagk ml tl`plrgturg Lrrf of eareuatf sgàmg (Eareuatf mg egrjg l` ghlrtf, âsegr rçpamf, gktlrogomf ef` 7> a`puksf ikgsb eurtf-eareuatf fu ifotl gka`lotgêåf lxtlrog) Lstls lrrfs sõ pfml` slr ‛gpgjgmfs‐ gpõs g lkaàogêåf mf lrrf, ef` f efrtl mg lolrjag lkátraeg î egrtg. 5´ l =´ KLM4 ‛ Magj 5‐ l ‛ Magj =‐ (efr vlr`lkbg) ― Ul f 5´ KLM (‛ Magj 5‐) ‐) sl sl loefotrg gelsf aomaeg u` lrrf aotlrof. Lstl lrrf ifrêg f mlskajgr mlstl tlràogk. F tapf ml lrrf mlvl slr loefotrgmf gtrgvás mf puksgr mf KLM ‛ Magj = ‐. G táeoaeg ml klaturg á ilatg gtrgvás ml = slquäoeags ml a`puksfs kuàofsfs mf KLM. Egmg slquloeag á slpgrgmg pfr u` lspgêf tl`pfrgk eurtf. Gpõs gs = slquäoeags bç u`g pgrgjl` kfojg. F tapf ml lrrfs á efoifr`l f ou`lrf ml a`puksfs mlotrf mgs = slquäoeags (ajugk î tghlkg mg LK71>=). Lstg efotgjl` mlvl mlvl slr lovagmg pgrg g Hlecbfii Hlecbfii qugomf mg rlpgrgêåf mf tlràogk L81>=.

Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

88


Egpàtukf AY

AY ― Lsqul`gs ml sljurgoêg ef` ]waoUGIL Yasåf jlrgk mgs efoiajurgêüls mfs pgrè`ltrfs mgs egrtgs ml lotrgmg l sgàmg ml sljurgoêg Wugomf lxleutg`fs u` prfdltf ml sljurgoêg of ]waoUGIL mf ]waoEG] 8.77 lxastl u`g pgrtl qul såf efoiajurgêüls ml pgrè`ltrfs, ef` f tapf ml saogas lkátraefs qul arl`fs usgr ogs egrtgs ml lotrgmgs l sgàmgs ml sljurgoêg. Lstls pgrè`ltrfs rlilrl`-sl pfr lxl`pkf îs egrtgs LK71>= (ml lotrgmgs) l LK81>= (ml sgàmg). G futrg pgrtl, tg`há` ùatf a`pfrtgotl, á f mlslovfkva`lotf mf prfjrg`g ml sljurgoêg usgomf gs iuoêüls hkfef ml sljurgoêg qul f ]waoUGIL maspfoahakazg pgrg fs mavlrsfs maspfsatavfs ml sljurgoêg maspfoàvlas of `lregmf. Olstl egpàtukf arl`fs `fstrgr gkjuos lxl`pkfs ml efoiajurgêåf mfs pgrè`ltrfs mg egrtg LK71>= (ef` = lotrgmgs sljurgs) l LK81>= (ef` = sgàmgs sljurgs). Lstgs efoiajurgêüls såf gprlslotgmgs, ofs egpàtukfs sljuaotls ef` lxl`pkfs, og tghlkg ef` f tatukf ‛ ^GXÈ@L]XFU MGU LO]XGMGU L UGÀMGU ULJ\XGU ‐

Efoiajurgêåf lxl`pkf mg egrtg ef` lotrgmgs majatgas sljurgs LK71>=4 Gf ekaegr og pgstg ‛Ugil ^grg`ltlr ‐ mf LK71>= of ]waoUGIL mlvlrç gpgrlelr og dgolkg elotrgk mf slu lmatfr gs prfpralmgmls mlstg egrtg, ef`f `fstrg g iajurg sljuaotl4

F lomlrlêf IUfL mg mg egrtg ml lotrgmgs ml sljurgoêg loefotrg-sl og pgrtl suplrafr. Lstl lomlrlêf mlvl efrrlspfomlr gf lomlrlêf mf MA^- swateb qul sl loefotrg og egrtg. Ul f MA^-swateb tavlssl f lomlrlêf 8 tlràg `fs ml efkfegr 8 olssg dgolkg. Ylraiaqul`fs gs prfpralmgmls 2>>7 (IU Ulosfr ]lst ) l 2>>8 (IU Kfjae fi Aoput pgars )4 Jlrgk`lotl gs lotrgmgs såf kajgmgs g mavlrsfs lquapg`lotfs ml sljurgoêg qul trghgkbg` sl`prl l` pgrls. Lstls egogas tlråf ml prfvamloeagr prftlêåf efotrg eurtf-eareuatfs ifrêgmfs ogs lotrgmgs l kajgêüls eruzgmgs vaomgs ml futrgs kajgêüls lxtlrafrls fu ml futrfs egogas. F tlstl gfs eurtf-eareuatfs l kajgêüls eruzgmgs á ilatg gtrgvás ml jlrgêåf ml a`puksfs l` egmg egogk. G egrtg LK71>= pfml jlrgr fs slus prõprafs a`puksfs ml tlstl ef`f pfml rlelhlr a`puksfs lxtlrofs ml tlstl (FUUM) tgk ef`f fs jlrgmfs plkgs hgrrlargs kuàofsgs ml sljurgoêg fu segoolrs ml sljurgoêg. Gs prfpralmgmls 2>>7 l 2>>8 plràtl` slkleafogr gs prfpralmgmls pgrg egmg tapf ml lquapg`lotf ml sljurgoêg. Lxastl` mavlrsgs efoiajurgêüls qul lxpkaeg`fs og pgjaog sljuaotl.

Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

<7


Egpàtukf AY

7ª - G pra`larg á g efoiajurgêåf stgomgrm l ml mlilatf ef`f `fstrg g iajurg gotlrafr. G prfpralmgml 2>>74>7 l 2>>74>8 lstç g ]X\L. Astf sajoaiaeg qul á ilatf f tlstl ml eurtf-eareuatf l ml kajgêüls eruzgmgs gtrgvás mg jlrgêåf ml a`puksfs l` egmg egogk. G prfpralmgml 2>>84>7 lstç ef` ‛saojkl kfjae ebgoolk °‐. Astf sajoaiaeg qul lstls mfas egogas trghgkbg` l` efoduotf l l` ef`haogêåf kõjaeg. Arç slr ilatf f tlstl pgrg mltltgr g lxastäoeag ml maserlpèoeag tl`pfrgk lotrl lkls. Lstg efoiajurgêåf á g gprfpragmg pgrg tfmfs fs lquapg`lotfs ml sljurgoêg ef` efotgtfs slefs tgas ef`f hftüls ml pgrgjl` ml l`lrjäoeag , pfrtgs ml sljurgoêg l efotgetfs OI ml rltfrof mf rlká fu efotgtfr ml sljurgoêg. G egrtg pgrg egmg efotgetf slef ifrolel 8=Yme of pfkf + l jlrg u` trl` ml a`puksfs qul lsplrg rlelhlr of pfkf efotrgraf - mf egogk. ^grg bgvlr mailrloeagêåf lotrl egmg egogk mg egrtg egmg u` mlkls jlrg a`puksfs mlsigsgmfs tl`pfrgk`lotl. Astf plràtl mltltgr sl bç trfeg ml eghfs lotrl fs egogas l sl lxastl eurtf-eareuatf mfs 8=Y fu >Y vaomf ml futrf egogk.

8ª ― G sljuomg efoiajurgêåf á qugomf tl`fs lquapg`lotfs ml sljurgoêg qul làtl` a`puksfs ml tlstl lxtlrofs FUUM ogs sugs sgàmgs. Olstl egsf f tlstl ml a`puksfs á ilatf plkf lquapg`lotf ml sljurgoêg lxtlrof, kfjf g egrtg LK71>= oåf prleasg mlstl tlstl gtavf. Olstl egsf tl`fs ml mlskajgr f tlstl ml a`puksfs mfs egogas usgmfs l tl`fs ml efoiajurgr ef` g prfpralmgml ml gelatgr a`puksfs lxtlrofs FUUM. Of lxl`pkf mg iajurg gotlrafr tl`fs f egogk 7 l 8 ef` g prfpralmgml ‛gsyoebrfofus gogkysas FUUM, slosfr tlst mlgetavgtlm ‐. G ‐. G aomaegêåf ml saogas gssàoerfofs aomaeg qul lssls lquapg`lotfs ml sljurgoêg lxtlrog làtl` saogas mlsigsgmfs tl`pfrgk`lotl qul ouoeg sl sfhrlpül`. Ul f iazlrl` á efosamlrgmf u`g igkbg.

5ª ― G tlrelarg efoiajurgêåf slrvl pgrg gkjuos maspfsatavfs ml sljurgoêg qul oåf tl` a`puksfs gssàoerfofs. Olstl egsf mlvl` lvatgr usgr lstls maspfsatavfs ml sljurgoêg. ]fmgvag sl quaslrl`, `ls`f gssa`, utakazg-kfs ef` g egrtg LK mlvlråf efoiajurgr g prfpralmgml 2>>8 mf egogk ° fu ¿ ef`f ‛ goy puksl rlpltatafo FUUM, slosfr tlst mlgetavgtlm ‐. ‐. Olstl egsf plràtl trghgkbgr ef` g egrtg LK maspfsatavf ml sljurgoêg lxtlrof ef` saogas FUUM saùktèolfs, oåf mgomf gssa` lrrf.

=ª ― G qugrtg efoiajurgêåf á ebg`gmg ml ‛sbfrt eut ebgoolk ° of `fmukl igukt ‐. ‐. Lstg efoiajurgêåf efoiajurgêå f á gmlqugmg g maspfsatavfs ml sljurgoêg lxtlrofs ef`f fs tgpltls ml sljurgoêg (‛ sgilty `gts‐).

Efoiajurgêåf lxl`pkf mg egrtg ef` sgàmgs majatgas sljurgs LK81>= 4 Gf ekaegr og pgstg ‛Ugil ^grg`ltlr ‐ mf LK81>= of ]waoUGIL mlvlrç gpgrlelr og dgolkg elotrgk mf slu lmatfr gs prfpralmgmls mlstg egrtg, ef`f `fstrg g iajurg sljuaotl4

Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

<8


Egpàtukf AY

F lomlrlêf IUfL mg mg egrtg ml sgàmgs ml sljurgoêg loefotrg-sl og pgrtl suplrafr. Lstl lomlrlêf mlvl efrrlspfomlr gf lomlrlêf mf MA^-swateb qul sl loefotrg og egrtg. Ul f MA^-swateb tavlssl f lomlrlêf 5 tlràg`fs ml efkfegr 5 olssg dgolkg. Lstg egrtg ml = sgàmgs sljurgs tl` = pgrè`ltrfs ml efoiajurgêåf l qul såf fs sljuaotls 4 2>>>4 >7 ― ‛Utgomgrm futputs getavl‐ plràtl qul kajul`fs u`g sgàmg mf ^KE g u`g sgàmg sljurg l g egrtg gutf`gtaeg`lotl igz u` ‛GOM‐ mf vgkfr kfjaef mg sgàmg mf ^KE ef` f vgkfr ml sgàmg sljurg. Assf plràtl qul f ^KE goukl u`g sgàmg, mlskajgomf-g. Olstl egsf g kõjaeg ml sljurgoêg á rlspfosçvlk plkg plràssåf ml kajgr g sgàmg, `gs f ^KE efotrfkg g gkturg mf slu geafog`lotf.

Lstl iuoeafog`lotf tl` vgotgjlos l mlsvgotgjlos mlvamf gfs sljuaotls pfotfs4 L` 7´ kujgr - Lstg pgrg`ltrazgêåf tfrog `gas efoiusg g kõjaeg mf slu iuoeafog`lotf. ^fml`fs fhtlr f `ls`f iuoeafog`lotf l f `ls`f lilatf ef` u` hkfef ‛GOM‐ mlotr f mg Iuoêåf Hkfef ml sljurgoêg. L` 8´ kujgr - Ul quaslr`fs `foatfrazgr g sgàmg, og kõjaeg ml sljurgoêg, pgrg ofs elrtaiaegr`fs ml qul kajg l mlskajg qugomf f ifrêg`fs (gtrgvás ml u` eareuatf ml illmhgec ) oåf efosljua`fs igzl-kf sl g kõjaeg ml sljurgoêg oåf tl` gelssf gf saogk mf ^KE. Og àobg fpaoaåf mlvl mlaxgr lstl efoduotf l` IGKUL l oåf usgr lstl rleursf. Igzlr`fs g kõjaeg kõ jaeg ‛GOM‐ tfmg mlotrf mg Iuoêåf Hkfef ml sljurgoêg l oåf usg usg`fs `fs ‛sgàmgs stgomgrm ‐. ‐. 2>>>4 >8 ― ‛Eurrlot `lgsurl`lot getavl ‐ plràtl mltltgr mltltgr igkbg of eareuatf ml kajgêåf gf rlká fu efotgtfr ml sljurgoêg. Ef` lstl rleursf gtavf, qugomf g sgàmg lstç kajgmg g egrtg lsplrg rlelhlr u`g efrrlotl ml rltfrof lotrl 8>`G g <>>`G. Egsf oåf rlelhg lstg efrrlotl g egrtg LK lotrg l` igkbg. Fhvag`lotl sl f maspfsatavf qul lstç g kajgr (rlkl ml sljurgoêg) oåf tl` lssl ‛efosu`f‐ ml efrrlotl tlrç ml mlsgtavgr lstg iuoeafogkamgml. Og àobg lxplraloeag lstl rleursf á sudlatf g gkju`gs igkbgs l pfml mgr igksfs gkg r`ls. Astf mlvl-sl gf efosu`f prõxa`f mfs kaàtls l qul mlvamf gfs paefs ml efosu`f klvg g uktrgpgssç-kfs.

plràtl mltltgr eareuatfs eruzgmfs l trfegmfs pfr egogk (sgàmg). F t lstl á ilatf 2>>>4 >5 ― ‛]lstaoj fi futputs getavl plràtl gtrgvás ml u` trl` ml a`puksfs jlrgmf l` egmg egogk ml sgàmg ml u`g `golarg gssàoerfog. Gf slr gssàoerfof jgrgotl qul fs a`puksfs oåf sl sfhrlpül`. Fs a`puksfs såf tfmfs ml ef`pra`lotfs mailrlotls vgragomf ml 5>> g 2>> ¼s ¼s.. Lstls a`puksfs såf suiaealotl`lotl eurtfs pgrg oåf aotlrilrarl` of iuoeafog`lotf mf rlká lkltrf`leèoaef. Of jlrgk lstg prfpralmgml mlvl lstgr gtavg, lxeltf ofs egsfs ml utakazgr`fs maspfsatavfs ml efrtl lkltrõoaefs qul oåf tfklrg` lstls a`puksfs ml tlstl. ‐

2>>>4 >= ― ‛Lrrfr gecofwklmjl getavl‐ efotrfkg ef`f g egrtg rleuplrg ml u` lrrf mltltgmf og sgàmg. ^fr mlilatf tl`fs ml mlskajgr g gka`lotgêåf î egrtg l rlaoaeagr f sastl`g, pgrg rleuplrgr. Ul puslr`fs lstg prfpralmgml l` ]X\L pfml`fs igzlr f XLUL], gf lrrf, gtrgvás mf rlefoblea`lotf mlssl lrrf of jrupf kfjaef ]waoUGIL.

Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

<5


Egpàtukf AY

Efoiajurgêåf mgs Iuoêüls Hkfef ml sljurgoêg ofs efotrfkgmfrls sgil CK91>>, LK91>> l LK915> 4 Gf ekaegr og og pgstg ‛]waoUGIL Jrfup 7 ‐/ ‛ ]waoUGIL Iuoetafo Hkfec Kast ‐, ef` g tlekg marlatg, pfml`fs aotrfmuzar gs

Iuoêüls Hkfef Ugil ef` qul prltloml`fs efostruar f prfjrg`g ml sljurgoêg bf`l` - `gquaog.

^grg gmaeafogr lssgs IH Ugil ekaqul , ef` g tlekg marlatg, l` ea`g mg pgstg ‛]waoUGIL Iuoetafo Hkfec Kast ‐ l slkleafol f ef`gomf ‛ Gpplom Iuoetafo Hkfec ‐. ‐. G sljuar G sljuar mlvlrç gpgrlelr u`g kastg ef` gs Iuoêüls Hkfef Ugil maspfoàvlas pgrg f efotrfkgmfr qul lstg`fs g usgr. Og iajurg sljuaotl `fstrg`fs g kastg ml Iuoêüls Hkfef maspfoàvlas pgrg fs efotrfkgmfrls sgil CK91>> (kastg mg lsqulrmg) l LK91>>/LK915> (kastg mg marlatg).

Og tghlkg sljuaotl aomaeg`fs gs Iuoêüls Hkfef Ugil, qul olelssatg`fs gpkaegr og efostruêåf mf prfjrg`g ]waoUGIL, pgrg egmg u` mfs lquapg`lotfs ml sljurgoêg ma spfoàvlas ogs `gquaogs aomustragas.

Iuoêåf Hkfef Ugil

CK

LK

L`lrjloey Utfp @gebaol @foatfraoj

Ua` Ua`

Ua` Ua`

(@FO)

Maspfsatavfs ml sljurgoêg Ef`gomf ^grgjl` ml L`lrjäoeag (‛LU]F^-L`lrjloey Utfp‐) ]gpltls l hgtlotls ml sljurgoêg ( (‛‛Ugilty swateb `gt gom hu`plr ‐) ‐) Hgrrlargs õtaegs ml sljurgoêg (‛Ugilty kajtb eurtgao‐) ^frtgs ml prftlêåf ml `gquaog (‛^rftletavl mffr `gebaol‐) Uegoolrs kgslr ml sljurgoêg (‛Ugilty kgslr segoolr ‐) ‐)

Ua` Ua` Hkfefs kõjaefs GOM l FX pgrg f gutf`gtas`f sgil GOM 3 FX Mlefupklr Ua` Ua` Mlsgefpkg`lotf ml saogas majatgas sgil l stgomgrm Ua` Ua` @fmf slklêåf ml fplrgêåf Fplrgtafo @fml Oåf Ua` Ef`gomf ml Ha`gougk (‛]wf-bgom efotrfk ‐) ‐) ]wf bgom LM@ Oåf Ua` Illmhgec mf mf lstgmf mfs efotgetfs mg sgàmg (‛Lxtlrogk Mlvael @foatfraoj‐) Oåf Ua` Hgrrlargs õtaegs ml sljurgoêg ef` zfogs `frtgs (‛@utaoj‐) @utaoj Oåf Ua` Hkfef ml `l`frags halstçvlas XU l UX pgrg f gutf`gtas`f sgil XU 3 UX ]FI 3 ]FO Oåf Ua` Hkfefs tl`pfrazgmfs gf rlpfusf l î fplrgêåf pgrg f gutf`gtas`f sgil Efooletafo Ubutmfwo Oåf Ua` Hkfef pgrg mlsegtavgr kajgêåf sgil IUfL OF]G 4 Of GOLRF G, mlstl Kavrf ]áeoaef ml Ifr`gêåf, pfmlrç loefotrgr g mlseraêåf pfr`lofrazgmg mgs IH Ugil `gas a`pfrtgotls (aomaegmgs g g`grlkf og tghlkg gotlrafr), lotrl futrgs.

Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

<=

HXLUA@GX G\]F@GÊÅF ✕

Egpàtukf AY

AY-7 ― Eareuatf ef` ef`gomf g mugs `åfs ef` ]waoUGIL (‛]wf-bgom efotrfk ‐) ‐) AY-7.7 ― HA@GO\GK SIuoetafo Hkfec ]ZFBGOMP ]ZFBGOMP - Egtljfrag = l ^Kl F ef`gomf g mugs `åfs `åfs efosastl ou`g ef`haogêåf ml efotgetfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs (OI) l ofr`gk`lotl ghlrtfs (OG) kajgmgs g lotrgmgs sljurgs og egrtg LK71>=. G prfpralmgml ml ‛tlstl ‛ tlstl ml lotrgmgs‐ lotrgmgs‐ lstç gtavg l fs saogas såf efotrfkgmfs pgrg u`g maserlpèoeag `çxa`g ml 8>>`s. Gkl` massf f geafog`lotf sàoerfof mfs mfas hftüls á gtavgmf ef` u` tl`pf ml <>>`s. F kffp ml rlgka`lotgêåf mf lstgmf mfs efotgtfrls á ilatg gtrgvás ml u`g kffp ml lotrgmg sljurg l` u` 8´ LK71>=. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs lkltraeg`lotl l` pgrgklkf gtrgvás ml u`g ôoaeg sgàmg sljurg. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl mg sgàmg pfr a`puksf lståf gtavfs olstl e areuatf.

^GXÈ@L]XFU MGU LO]XGMGU L UGÀMGU ULJ\XGU Egrtg ml Lotrgmgs LK71>= (7´ l 8´) Egogk 7 ― 7 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk 8 ― 8 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk 5 ― 5 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk = ― = ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 7 l 8 Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 5 l = Egrtg ml Ugàmgs LK81>= Gtavgr `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl ogs sgàmgs Gtavgr tlstl ml a`puksfs ogs sgàmgs O\ 0 Oåf usgmf

Efoiajurgêåf Ua` Ua` (7ª LK71>=) 3 O\/Ua` (8ª LK71>=) Ua` (7ª LK71>=) 3 O\/Ua` (8ª LK71>=) Ua` (7ª LK71>=) 3 O\/Ua` (8ª LK71>=) Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 7/8 Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 5/=

Efoiajurgêåf Ua` of 7´ egogk Ua` of 7´ egogk

HKFEF I\OEAFOGK MFU @FM\KFU ML ULJ\XGOÊG

Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

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Egpàtukf AY

AY.8 ― Eareuatf ef` tgpltls ml sljurgoêg ef` ef` ]waoUGIL (‛Ugilty `gt gom hu`plr ‐ ‐ ) AY-8.7 ― ]G^L]L ML ULJ\XGOÊG S Iuoetafo Hkfec @FOP @FOP - Egtljfrag = l ^Kl Fs tgpltls (`gt fs pçrg-ebfquls ( (hu`plr tgpltls ( `gt ) fu fs pçrg-ebfquls hu`plr ) ml sljurgoêg iuoeafog` ml gefrmf ef` f praoeapaf f praoeapaf mf eareuatf eruzgmf fu pgrgeruzgmf.. Fs efotgtfs ml suplriàeal mfs tgpltls tgpltls fu pgrgî s lotrgmgs sljurgs mf LK71>=.G prfpralmgml ml ‛ tlstl ml ebfquls såf kajgmfs îs ebfquls gtavg l fs saogas såf efotrfkgmfs pgrg u`g maserlpèoeag `çxa`g ml lotrgmgs‐‐ lstç gtavg l lotrgmgs 8>>`s. Ul`prl qul á mltltgmf u` eareuatf eruzgmf eruzgmf lotrl saogas (f tgpltl ml sljurgoêg á pasgmf) u` saogk kfjaef ‛>‐ á saogkazgmf og lotrgmg mf LK71>=. Ul f eruzg`lotf lotrl saogas oåf á mltltgmf f saogk kfjaef ‛7‐ á saogkazgmf og lotrgmg. F kffp ml rlgka`lotgêåf mf lstgmf mfs efotgtfrls á ilatg gtrgvás ml u`g lotrgmg kffp ml sljurg l f tlstl ml lotrgmg lstç gtavf olstg lotrgmg. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs lkltraeg`lotl l` pgrgklkf gtrgvás ml u`g ôoaeg sgàmg sljurg. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl mg sgàmg pfr a`puksf lståf gtavfs olstl eareuatf.

^GXÈ@L]XFU MGU LO]XGMGU L UGÀMGU ULJ\XGU Egrtg ml Lotrgmgs LK71>= Egogk 7 ― 7 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk 8 ― 8 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk 5 ― 5 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk = ― = ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 7 l 8 Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 5 l = Egrtg ml Ugàmgs LK81>= Gtavgr `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl ogs sgàmgs Gtavgr tlstl ml a`puksfs ogs sgàmgs O\ 0 Oåf usgmf

Efoiajurgêåf Ua` Ua` Ua` O\/Ua` Ubfrt eut as of `fmukl igukt Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 5/=


HKFEF I\OEAFOGK MFU @FM\KFU ML ULJ\XGOÊG

Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

<9


Egpàtukf AY

AY.5 ― Eareuatf ml segoolrs kgslr ml sljurgoêg ef` ef` ]waoUGIL (‛Ugilty kgslr Ugilty kgslr segoolr ‐ ‐ ) AY-5.7 ― UEGOOLX KGULX S Iuoetafo Hkfec @FOP @FOP - Egtljfrag 5 l ^Kl Fs segoolrs kgslr usgmfs og sljurgoêg `çquaog pfssul` mfas saogas ml efotrfkf mlsajogmfs pfr FUUM (Futput ( Futput Uajogk Uwatebaoj Mlvael). Mlvael). Lstls mfas saogas lspleagas efùtgmfs, pfr `ftavf ml sljurgoêg, lståf kajgmfs g mugs lotrgmgs mf LK71>=. Olstg oåf pfml`fs gtavgr f tlstl mgs lotrgmgs pfas gs sgàmgs FUUM rlgkazg` fs slus egrtg oåf egrtg prõprafs tlstls gtrgvás mg m g efùtgêåf mf saogk. ]fmgvag lstls saogas såf tlstgmfs, og egrtg LK71>=, egrtg LK71>=, sl lxastl u`g maserlpèoeag suplrafr g 8>>`s (aomaegêåf ml igkbg). F kffp ml rlgka`lotgêåf mf lstgmf mfs efotgtfrls á ilatg gtrgvás ml u`g lotrgmg sljurg kffp ml l f tlstl ml lotrgmg lstç gtavf olstg lotrgmg. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs lkltraeg`lotl l` pgrgklkf gtrgvás ml u`g ôoaeg sgàmg sljurg. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl f tlstl mg sgàmg pfr a`puksf lståf a`puksf lståf gtavfs olstl eareuatf.


Efoiajurgêåf Oåf gtavgr Oåf gtavgr Ua` O\/Ua` FUUM grhatrgry typls fi puksl Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 5/=


HKFEF I\OEAFOGK ML ULJ\XGOÊG

Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

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Egpàtukf AY

AY.= ― Eareuatf ml hgrrlargs kuàofsgs ml sljurgoêg ]waoUGIL (‛Ugilty kajtb Ugilty kajtb eurtgao‐ ) AY-=.7 ― HGXXLAXG K\@AOFUG S Iuoetafo Hkfec @FOP @FOP - Egtljfrag = l ^Kl Gs hgrrlargs kuàofsgs usgmgs kuàofsgs usgmgs og sljurgoêg `çquaog pfssul` mfas saogas ml efotrfkf mlsajogmfs pfr FUUM (Futput ( Futput Uajogk Uwatebaoj Mlvael). Mlvael). Lstls mfas saogas lspleagas efùtgmfs, pfr `ftavf ml sljurgoêg, lståf kajgmfs g mugs lotrgmgs mf LK71>=. Olstg egrtg oåf pfml`fs gtavgr f tlstl mgs lotrgmgs pfas egrtg oåf gs sgàmgs FUUM rlgkazg` fs slus prõprafs tlstls gtrgvás mg efùtgêåf mf saogk. ]fmgvag lstls saogas såf tlstgmfs, og egrtg egrtg LK71>=, LK71>=, sl lxastl u`g maserlpèoeag suplrafr g 8>>`s (aomaegêåf ml igkbg). F kffp ml rlgka`lotgêåf mf lstgmf mfs efotgtfrls á ilatg gtrgvás ml u`g lotrgmg kffp ml sljurg l f tlstl ml lotrgmg lstç gtavg olstg lotrgmg. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs lkltraeg`lotl l` pgrgklkf gtrgvás ml u`g ôoaeg sgàmg sljurg. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl mg sgàmg pfr a`puksf lståf gtavfs olstl eareuatf.


Efoiajurgêåf Oåf gtavgr Oåf gtavgr Ua` O\/Ua` Gsyoebrfofus lvgkugtafo FUUM FUUM Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 5/=



Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

<2


Egpàtukf AY

AY-=.8 ― HGXXLAXG K\@AOFUG ( @utaoj) SIuoetafo Hkfec @\]AOJP @\]AOJP - Egtljfrag = l ^Kl Gs hgrrlargs kuàofsgs pfssul` kuàofsgs pfssul` mfas saogas ml efotrfkf, mlsajogmfs pfr FUUM, qul lståf kajgmfs g mugs lotrgmgs mf LK71>=. Olstg egrtg egrtg oåf oåf pfml`fs gtavgr f tlstl mgs lotrgmgs pfas gs sgàmgs FUUM rlgkazg` fs slus prõprafs tlstls. ]fmgvag lstls saogas såf tlstgmfs, og egrtg LK71>=, sl lxastl u`g maserlpèoeag suplrafr g 8>>`s (aomaegêåf ml igkbg). egrtg LK71>=, Fs saogas mf ùtaoj l ml loghkl lståf tg`há` kajgmfs g lotrgmgs sljurgs ou`g sljuomg egrtg LK 71>=.F kffp ml ùtaoj l loghkl lståf egrtg LK kffp ml rlgka`lotgêåf mf lstgmf mfs efotgtfrls á ilatg gtrgvás ml u`g lotrgmg sljurg l f tlstl ml lotrgmg lstç gtavf, olstg lotrgmg. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs lkltraeg`lotl l` pgrgklkf gtrgvás ml u`g ôoaeg sgàmg sljurg. F saogkazgmfr kuàofsf ml ùtaoj tg`há` lstç kajgmf g u`g sgàmg sljurg. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl mg sgàmg pfr a`puksf ùtaoj tg`há` lståf gtavfs olstl eareuatf.

^GXÈ@L]XFU MGU LO]XGMGU L UGÀMGU ULJ\XGU Egrtg ml Lotrgmgs LK71>= (7ª) Egogk 7 l 8 ― 8 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk 5 l = ― = ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 7 l 8 Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 5 l = Egrtg ml Lotrgmgs LK71>= (8ª) Egogk 7 l 8 ― 8 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk 5 l = ― = ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 7 l 8 / 5 l = Egrtg ml Ugàmgs LK81>= Gtavgr `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl ogs sgàmgs Gtavgr tlstl ml a`puksfs ogs sgàmgs O\ 0 Oåf usgmf

Efoiajurgêåf Oåf gtavgr Ua` (5´ egogk) 3 Ua` (=´ egogk) Gsyoebrfofus lvgkugtafo FUUM FUUM Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 5/=

Efoiajurgêåf Ua` Ua` Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk x/x



Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

<1


Egpàtukf AY

AY.< ― Eareuatf ml pfrtgs ml sljurgoêg ef` ef` ]waoUGIL (‛^rftletavl mffr `gebaol‐ ) AY-<.7 ― ^FX]G ML ULJ\XGOÊG (7ª) S Iuoetafo Hkfec @FOP @FOP - Egtljfrag 5 l ^Km Gs pfrtgs ml sljurgoêg sljurgoêg mgs `çquaogs usg` u`g ef`haogêåf ml efotgetfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs (OI) l ofr`gk`lotl ghlrtfs (OG) kajgmgs g lotrgmgs sljurgs og egrtg LK71>=. G prfpralmgml ml ‛tlstl ‛ tlstl ml lotrgmgs‐‐ lstç gtavg l fs saogas såf efotrfkgmfs pgrg u`g maserlpèoeag lotrgmgs `çxa`g ml 8>>`s. F kffp ml rlgka`lotgêåf mf lstgmf mfs efotgtfrls á kffp ml ilatg gtrgvás ml u`g lotrgmg oåf sljurg l` u`g 8´ LK7xxx l trgosilramg pgrg f ]waoUGIL vag prfjrg`g of ^KE. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs l` pgrgklkf gtrgvás ml u`g ôoaeg sgàmg sljurg. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl mg sgàmg pfr a`puksf lståf gtavfs olstl eareuatf.


Efoiajurgêåf Ua` O\/Ua` Ua` O\/Ua` Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 7/8 Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 5/=



Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

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Egpàtukf AY

AY-<.8 ― ^FX]G ML ULJ\XGOÊG (8ª) S Iuoetafo Hkfec @FOP @FOP - Egtljfrag = l ^Kl Gs pfrtgs ml sljurgoêg Gs pfrtgs mgs `çquaogs usg` u`g ef`haogêåf ml efotgetfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs (OI) l ofr`gk`lotl sljurgoêg mgs ghlrtfs (OG) kajgmgs g lotrgmgs sljurgs og egrtg egrtg LK71>=. LK71>=. G prfpralmgml G prfpralmgml ml ‛tlstl ‛ tlstl ml lotrgmgs‐ lotrgmgs‐ lstç gtavg l fs saogas såf efotrfkgmfs pgrg u`g maserlpèoeag `çxa`g ml 8>>`s. F kffp ml rlgka`lotgêåf mf lstgmf mfs efotgtfrls á ilatg kffp ml gtrgvás ml u`g lotrgmg sljurg l` u`g 8´ LK71>=. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs l` pgrgklkf gtrgvás ml u`g ôoaeg sgàmg sljurg. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl mg sgàmg pfr a`puksf lståf gtavfs olstl eareuatf.

^GXÈ@L]XFU MGU LO]XGMGU L UGÀMGU ULJ\XGU Egrtg ml Lotrgmgs LK71>= (7´ l 8´) Egogk 7 ― 7 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk 8 ― 8 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk 5 ― 5 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk = ― = ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 7 l 8 Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 5 l = Egrtg ml Ugàmgs LK81>= Gtavgr `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl ogs sgàmgs Gtavgr tlstl ml a`puksfs ogs sgàmgs O\ 0 Oåf usgmf

Efoiajurgêåf Ua` 3 O\/Ua` (8´ LK71>=) O\/Ua` (7´ l 8´ LK71>=) Ua` O\/Ua` (7´ l 8´ LK71>=) Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 7/8 Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 5/=

Efoiajurgêåf Ua` Ua`


Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

97


Egpàtukf AY

AY-<.5 ― ^FX]G ML ULJ\XGOÊG (ef` `foatfrazgêåf) - Egtljfrag = l ^Kl Gs pfrtgs ml sljurgoêg sljurgoêg mgs `çquaogs usg` u`g ef`haogêåf ml efotgetfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs (OI) l ghlrtfs (OG) kajgmgs g lotrgmgs sljurgs. G prfpralmgml ml ‛tlstl ml lotrgmgs‐ lotrgmgs‐ lstç gtavg l fs saogas såf efotrfkgmfs pgrg u`g maserlpèoeag `çxa`g ml 8>>`s. Fs iaos ml eursf ml aomaegêåf ml zfog U5 l U= lståf kajgmfs g lotrgmgs sljurgs. Lstls mfas iaos ml eursf aomaeg` qugomf u`g pgrtl plrajfsg, ml u`g `çquaog, lstç l ` u`g pfsaêåf sljurg l gssa ` pfmlrç slr ghlrtg g pfrtg ml sljurgoêg sljurgoêg `ls`f ef` g `çquaog l` iuoeafog`lotf. G prfpralmgml ml ‛ tlstl ml lotrgmgs‐ lotrgmgs‐ olstgs lotrgmgs lstç mlsgtavgmg mlvamf gfs slosfrls U5 l U= slrl` gka`lotgmfs g 8=Yme lxtlrof. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs l` pgrgklkf gtrgvás ml u`g ôoaeg sgàmg sljurg. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl mg sgàmg pfr a`puksf lståf gtavfs olstl eareuatf.

^GXÈ@L]XFU MGU LO]XGMGU L UGÀMGU ULJ\XGU Egrtg ml Lotrgmgs LK71>= (7ª) Egogk 7, 8, 5, = ― = ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 7, 8, 5 l = Egrtg ml Lotrgmgs LK71>= (8ª) Egogk 7 l 8 ― 8 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk 5 l = ― = ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 7, 8, 5, l = Egrtg ml Ugàmgs LK81>= Gtavgr `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl ogs sgàmgs Gtavgr tlstl ml a`puksfs ogs sgàmgs O\ 0 Oåf usgmf

Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

Efoiajurgêåf Ua` (7´ l 5´ egogk) 3 O\/Ua` (8´ l =ª egogk) Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk x/x

Efoiajurgêåf Oåf gtavgr Ua` (5´ egogk) 3 O\/Ua` (=´ egogk) Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk x/x


98


Egpàtukf AY


AY-<.= ― ^FX]G ML ULJ\XGOÊG (ef` loergvg`lotf) - Egtljfrag = l ^Kl G pfrtg ml sljurgoêg ef` loergvg`lotf lkltrf`gjoátaef tl` mfas slosfrls, sljurgoêg ef` U7 ml ‛pfrtg ilebgmg‐ l U8 ‛pfrtg ilebgmg l loergvgmg‐ , kajgmgs g lotrgmgs sljurgs og 7´ egrtg egrtg LK71>=. F tlstl ml maserlpèoeag oåf pfml lstgr gtavf pfrqul oåf bç u`g u`g rlkgêåf iuoeafogk iuoeafogk mfs slosfrls U7 l U8. F saogk ml rlstgrt lstç kajgmf g u`g lotrgmg sljurg mf 7´ LK71>=. F kffp ml rlgka`lotgêåf mf kffp ml lstgmf mfs efotgtfrls á ilatf gtrgvás ml u`g lotrgmg sljurg l` u`g 8´ LK71>=. Gs prfpralmgmls ml ‛tlstl ml lotrgmgs‐ ml tfmgs gs lotrgmg s sljurgs lståf gtavgs. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs l` pgrgklkf gtrgvás ml u`g ôoaeg sgàmg sljurg. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl mg sgàmg pfr a`puksf lståf gtavfs olstl eareuatf. F traoef mf sastl`g ml loergvg`lotf á efùtgmf, vag mugs lotrgmgs sljurgs, l` qul f tlstl lstç gtavf. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl mg sgàmg pfr a`puksf lståf gtavfs olstl eareuatf mf 8´ LK81>=.

Sgsg]lc / D.GomrakP

95


Egpàtukf AY

^GXÈ@L]XFU MGU LO]XGMGU L UGÀMGU ULJ\XGU Egrtg ml Lotrgmgs LK71>= (7ª) Egogk 7 ― 7 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk 8 ― 8 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk 5 ― 5 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk = ― = ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 7 l 8 Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 5 l =

Ua` O\/Ua` Ua` Ua` Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 7/8 Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 5/=

Egrtg ml Lotrgmgs LK71>= (8ª) Egogk 7 ― 7 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk 8 ― 8 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk 5 ― 5 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk = ― = ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 7 l 8 Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 5 l =

Ua` Ua` O\/Ua` Ua` Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 7/8 Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 5/=

Egrtg ml Ugàmgs LK81>= (7ª) ― pgrg C7 l C8 Gtavgr `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl ogs sgàmgs Gtavgr tlstl ml a`puksfs ogs sgàmgs Egrtg ml Ugàmgs LK81>= (8ª) ― ]raoef Gtavgr `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl ogs sgàmgs Gtavgr tlstl ml a`puksfs ogs sgàmgs

Efoiajurgêåf

Efoiajurgêåf



O\ 0 Oåf usgmf


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Egpàtukf AY

AY.9 ― Eareuatf ml pgrgjl` ml l`lrjäoeag l`lrjäoeag ef` ]waoUGIL (‛LU]F^ ― L`lrjloey L`lrjloey stfp‐ ) AY-9.7 ― HF]ÅF ML L@LXJLOEAG (7ª) S Iuoetafo Hkfec LU]F^P LU]F^P - Egtljfrag 5 l ^Km Fs hftüls ml l`lrjäoeag såf (OI), g mugs l`lrjäoeag såf kajgmfs, vag mfas efotgetfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs (OI), lotrgmgs sljurgs og LK71>=. G maserlpèoeag suplrafr g 8>>`s, mlstls mfas saogas OI og LK71>=, á `foatfrazgmg of slu iuoeafog`lotf. F kffp kffp ml rlgka`lotgêåf mf lstgmf mfs efotgtfrls l f hftåf ml rlstgrt á ilatf gtrgvás ml 8 lotrgmgs stgomgrm oåf oåf sljurgs. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs lkltraeg`lotl l` pgrgklkf gtrgvás ml u`g ôoaeg sgàmg sljurg. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl mg s gàmg pfr a`puksf lståf gtavfs olstl eareuatf.


Efoiajurgêåf O\/Ua` O\/Ua` Ua` Ua` Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 7/8 Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 5/=



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Egpàtukf AY

AY-9.8 ― HF]ÅF ML L@LXJLOEAG (8ª) S Iuoetafo Hkfec LU]F^P LU]F^P - Egtljfrag 5 l ^Km Fs hftüls ml l`lrjäoeag l`lrjäoeag såf kajgmfs, vag mfas efotgetfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs (OI), g mugs lotrgmgs sljurgs mf LK71>=. G maserlpèoeag suplrafr g 8>>`s, mlstls mfas saogas OI og LK71>=, oåf á `foatfrazgmg. F kffp ml rlgka`lotgêåf mf lstgmf mfs efotgtfrls l f hftåf ml rlstgrt á ilatf gtrgvás ml 8 lotrgmgs stgomgrm oåf oåf sljurgs. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs lkltraeg`lotl l` pgrgklkf gtrgvás ml u`g ôoaeg sgàmg sljurg. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl mg sgàmg pfr a`puksf lståf gtavfs olstl eareuatf.





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Egpàtukf AY

AY-9.5 ― HF]ÅF ML L@LXJLOEAG (5ª) S Iuoetafo Hkfec LU]F^P LU]F^P - Egtljfrag = l ^Kl Fs hftüls ml l`lrjäoeag l`lrjäoeag såf kajgmfs, vag mfas efotgetfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs (OI), g mugs lotrgmgs sljurgs mf LK71>=. G maserlpèoeag suplrafr g 8>>`s, mlstls mfas saogas OI og LK71>=, á `foatfrazgmg tgk ef`f f tlstl îs kajgêüls îs lotrgmgs. F kffp ml rlgka`lotgêåf mf lstgmf mfs efotgtfrls l f hftåf ml rlstgrt á ilatf gtrgvás ml 8 lotrgmgs kffp ml oåf sljurgs, mf ^KE. Lxastl u` hkfef LM@ qul vlraiaeg sl f saogk ml rlgka`lotgêåf gssu`l f lstgmf fpfstf, stgomgrm, oåf stgomgrm, mg sgàmg mf hkfef LU]F^, mlotrf ml u` tl`pf gdustgmf. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs lkltraeg`lotl l` pgrgklkf gtrgvás ml u`g ôoaeg sgàmg sljurg. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl mg sgàmg pfr a`puksf lståf gtavfs olstl eareuatf.





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Egpàtukf AY

AY-9.= ― HF]ÅF ML L@LXJLOEAG (=ª) S Iuoetafo Hkfec LU]F^P LU]F^P - Egtljfrag = l ^Kl Fs hftüls ml l`lrjäoeag l`lrjäoeag såf kajgmfs, vag mfas efotgetfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs (OI), g mugs lotrgmgs sljurgs mf LK71>=. G maserlpèoeag suplrafr g 8>>`s, mlstls mfas saogas OI og LK71>=, á `foatfrazgmg tgk ef`f f tlstl îs kajgêüls îs lotrgmgs. F kffp ml rlgka`lotgêåf mf lstgmf mfs efotgtfrls á ilatf gtrgvás ml 5´ egogk sljurf mg 8ª egrtg kffp ml LK71>= l f hftåf ml rlstgrt of 7´ egogk sljurf mg 7ª mg 7ª egrtg LK71>=. LK71>=. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs lkltraeg`lotl l` pgrgklkf gtrgvás ml u`g ôoaeg sgàmg sljurg. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl mg sgàmg pfr a`puksf lståf gtavfs olstl eareuatf.

^GXÈ@L]XFU MGU LO]XGMGU L UGÀMGU ULJ\XGU Egrtg ml Lotrgmgs LK71>= (7ª l 8ª) Egogk 7 ― 7 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk 8 ― 8 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk 5 ― 5 ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Egogk = ― = ― Gtavgr Gtavgr tlstl mf slosfr Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 7 l 8 Efotrfkf kfjaef mf egogk 5 l = Egrtg ml Ugàmgs LK81>= Gtavgr `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl ogs sgàmgs Gtavgr tlstl ml a`puksfs ogs sgàmgs O\ 0 Oåf usgmf

Efoiajurgêåf Ua` (7´ LK71>=) 3 O\/Ua` (8´ LK71>=) O\/Ua` (7´ l 8´ LK71>=) Ua` Ua` (7´ LK71>=) 3 O\/Ua` (8´ LK71>=) Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 7/8 Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 5/=



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Egpàtukf AY

AY-9.< ― HF]ÅF ML L@LXJLOEAG (<ª) S Iuoetafo Hkfec LU]F^P LU]F^P - Egtljfrag = l ^Kl Fs hftüls ml l`lrjäoeag, l`lrjäoeag, såf kajgmfs vag mfas efotgetfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs (OI), g mugs lotrgmgs sljurgs mf LK71>=. G maserlpèoeag suplrafr g 8>>`s, mlstls mfas saogas OI og LK71>=, á `foatfrazgmg tgk ef`f f tlstl îs kajgêüls îs lotrgmgs. F kffp ml rlgka`lotgêåf mf lstgmf mfs efotgtfrls á ilatf gtrgvás ml 5´ egogk sljurf mg 8ª egrtg kffp ml LK71>= l f hftåf ml rlstgrt of 7´ egogk sljurf mg 7ª mg 7ª egrtg LK71>=. LK71>=. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs lkltraeg`lotl l` mugs sgàmgs sljurgs. G`hfs lståf kajgmfs gf jrfuom . G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl lstg mlsgtavgmg. Fs tlstls mg sgàmg pfr a `puksf lståf gtavfs olstl eareuatf.



Efoiajurgêåf Oåf Ua`


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Egpàtukf AY

AY-9.9 ― HF]ÅF ML L@LXJLOEAG (9ª) S Iuoetafo Hkfec LU]F^P LU]F^P - Egtljfrag 5 l ^Km Fs hftüls ml l`lrjäoeag l`lrjäoeag såf kajgmfs, vag mfas efotgetfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs (OI), g mugs lotrgmgs sljurgs mf LK71>=. G maserlpèoeag suplrafr g 8>>`s, mlstls mfas saogas OI og LK71>=, á `foatfrazgmg tgk ef`f f tlstl îs kajgêüls îs lotrgmgs. F kffp ml rlgka`lotgêåf mf lstgmf mfs efotgtfrls á ilatf gtrgvás ml 5´ egogk sljurf mg 8ª egrtg kffp ml LK71>= l f hftåf ml rlstgrt of 7´ egogk sljurf mg 7ª mg 7ª egrtg LK71>=. LK71>=. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs lkltraeg`lotl l` mugs sgàmgs sljurgs. G`hfs lståf kajgmfs gf jrfuom . G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl mg sgàmg pfr a`puksf lståf mlsgtavgmfs.



Efoiajurgêåf Oåf Oåf


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Egpàtukf AY

AY-9.: ― HF]ÅF ML L@LXJLOEAG (:ª) S Iuoetafo Hkfec LU]F^P LU]F^P - Egtljfrag = l ^Kl Fs hftüls ml l`lrjäoeag såf (OI), g mugs lotrgmgs sljurgs mg 7ª l`lrjäoeag såf kajgmfs, vag mfas efotgetfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs ofr`gk`lotl ilebgmfs (OI), egrtg LK71>=. egrtg LK71>=. F kffp kffp ml ml rlgka`lotgêåf mf lstgmf mfs efotgtfrls á ilatf gtrgvás ml 5´ egogk sljurf mg 8ª egrtg egrtg LK71>= LK71>= l f hftåf ml rlstgrt of 7´ egogk sljurf mg mg 7ª egrtg LK71>=. LK71>=. Fs tlstls mfs efotgtfs mf hftåf ml l`lrjäoeag såf mlsgtavgmfs. G maserlpèoeag suplrafr g 8>>`s, mfs saogas OI mf hftåf ml l`lrjäoeag, á `foatfrazgmg l f tlstl îs kajgêüls á mlsgtavgmf l` g`hfs egogas. Fs efotgtfrls C7 l C8 lståf kajgmfs lkltraeg`lotl l` pgrgklkf l` u`g sgàmg sljurg. G `lmaêåf ml efrrlotl l f tlstl mg sgàmg pfr a`puksf lståf gtavgmfs.


Efoiajurgêåf Ua` (7´ LK71>=) 3 O\ (8´ LK71>=) O\ (7´ l 8´ LK71>=) Oåf gtavgr (7´ LK71>=) 3 sa` (8´ LK71>=) Oåf gtavgr (7´ LK71>=) 3 O\ (8´ LK) Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 7/8 Uaojkl kfjae ebgoolk 5/=



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Egpàtukf AY

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Golxf G

8.9 Iuoêüls Hkfef MLEF\^KLX, GOM, FX, UX, XU 8.9.7 Mlseraêåf iuoeafogk Efosamlrg`fs lstgs IH½s ef`f iuoêüls kõjaegs. G IH MLEF\^KLX pfml slr efosamlrgmg u`g iuoêåf ml ‛Ajugk ‛Ajugk ‐ (f saogk mg sgàmg á ajugk î rlspltavg lotrgmg) l slrvl pgrg mlsgefpkgr kajgêüls qul såf utakazgmgs of prfjrg`g sgil l qul qulrl`fs qul efùoaqul, f slu lstgmf, ef` f prfjrg`g mf ^KE l vael-vlrsg. G IH MLEF\^KLX pfssua 2 lotrgmgs l 2 sgàmgs aotlrkajgmgs. ^fml`fs tg`há` usgr lstg IH pgrg mlsgefpkgr saogas ml efolêüls sgil ml jrupfs iuoeafogas mailrlotls. IH½s Kfjaefs Kfjaefs pgrg ]waoUGIL IH GOM Hkfef kfjaef ‛L ‐ (GOM). ^lràtl g mliaoaêåf mgs lotrgmgs ef`f OG - OI . ^lràtl f efotrfkf ml pgrls ml lotrgmgs ef` g iasegkazgêåf ml tl`pfs ml maserlpèoeag. OF]G 74 OG (ilebg efotgtf-sgil) (ghrl efotgtf-sgil) OI (ghrl Of efotgtf OG f saogk á oljgmf gotls ml giltgr f GOM. OF]G 84 G lotrgmg 7 mg IH ‛ GomAo7‐ GomAo7‐

IH FX

mailrl

mgs

futrgs. Uõ g lstg sl pfml kajgr u`g vgraçvlk mf ^KE. stgomgrm mf OF]G 54 Á fhrajgtõraf f usf ml mugs lotrgmgs. Hkfef kfjaef ‛F\ ‐ (FX). ^lràtl g mliaoaêåf mgs lotrgmgs ef`f OG - OI . ^lràtl f efotrfkf ml pgrls ml lotrgmg ef` g iasegkazgêåf ml tl`pfs ml maserlpèoeag. OF]G 74 OG (ilebg efotgtf-sgil) (ghrl efotgtf-sgil) OI (ghrl Of efotgtf OG f saogk á oljgmf gotls ml giltgr f FX.

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Livro Formação Técnica TwinSAFE 2.11 (01_2018)

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