Oevnstomgaoñe dlauhnetgi y dn aghpl
Oeclrhn coegi.
Nigjlrñ; Sgenssg Agesnal Hlioeg. Qnptonhjrn dn :67=.
Èedoan OETZLD^AAOÑ OETZLD^AAOÑE E .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ...................................... ................ 1
HNTLDLILMÈG HNTLDLILMÈG .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ...................................... ................ 4
ZNQ^ITGDLQ ZNQ^ITGDLQ.......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ............................................ ......................................... ................... >
AGZGATNZÈQTOAGQ DN ILQ NETLZELQ SOZT^GINQ DN ALHVZG ZNINSGETNQ VGZG ILQ ALEQ^HODLZNQ _ GCNATGE G .......................................................................................... 77 Q^Q ALHVLZTGHONETLQ DN ALHVZG NE IÈENG . .......................................................................................... NQTZGTNMOGQ DN SNETG ............................................................................................................. .......................................................................................................................... .............. 77 ALEAI^QOLENQ _ ZNALHNEDGAOLENQ; ...................................................................................... 74
ZNCNZNEAOGQ ZNCNZNEAOGQ _ C^NETNQ C^NETNQ DN ALEQ^ITG; ALEQ^ITG; ............................... ..................................................... ............................................. ................................ ......... 7>
JOJIOLMZGCÈ JOJIOLMZGCÈG G ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .................................... .............. 7>
GENRLQ; GENRLQ; ............................................. ................................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ........................................... ..................... 73
JOTÇALZG ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................ 7 3 M^ÈG DN IG QNM^EDG SOQOTG. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... 7 = M^OLE DN NETZNSOQTG ......................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ... 72 TZGEQAZOVAOÑE DN IG NETZNSOQTG ........................................................... ........................................................................................................... ................................................ 72 MZÇCOAGQ .................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ......................... : 6
:
Oetrlduaaoñe
Bly ne dèg ig pujioaodgd plr oetnrent ns utoiozgdg dn clrhg hgsovg n oeaiusl bg sodl alesodnrgdg plr igs gmneaogs dn pujioaodgd ueg dn igs clrhgs hçs ncnatovgs dn mnenrgr ue plsoaoleghonetl dn hgrag. Ig clrhg dn iinvgr g agjl pujioaodgd ne oetnrent, ns hndogetn pçmoegs wnj qun prlplraolege prlplraolege ig plsojoiodgd dn tnenr docnrnetns bnrrghonetgs, tgins alhl; tnxtls, neigans, jgeenr, wnj, wnjjilm, jilm, ilml, geueaol, gudol, vodnl y geohgaoñe. Vlr ltrg pgrtn, g hndodg qun ig tnaelilmèg gvgezg y ils usugrols dn ig hoshg sn huitopioage, surmne ltrgs bnrrghonetgs hçs hldnregs, alhl plr nknhpil vodnlkunmls, hnesgknrèg oestgetçeng, dnsagrmgs, netrn ltrgs. Ni proeaopgi ljkntovl dn nstn topl dn pujioaodgd ns bganr alelanr ni prlduatl l snrvoaol gi usugrol qun sn neaunetrg ne ièeng plr hndol dn nstls clrhgtls. Ale rnspnatl g ils jnencoaols naleñhoals, nstn topl dn gpioagaolens plsnn ueg mrge vnetgkg ne nsn rujrl, yg qun tonene jgkl alstl y gitg ncnatovodgd. Gdnhçs dn snr, ig pujioaodgd vèg ]nj, hçs jgrgtg qun ltrls hndols (alhl plr nknhpil ig tninvosoñe, qun sn plsoaoleg alhl ni hçs alstlsl), sn odnetocoag tghjoïe plr su oehndogtnz y ig plsojoiodgd dn pgmgr slighnetn plr agdg usugrol qun bgyg vosotgdl ni geueaol. Nstn trgjgkl prnsnetg ueg oevnstomgaoñe ganrag dn ig pujioaodgd qun nealetrghls ne Oetnrent y ig plsojoiodgd dn lptohozgr ig oevnrsoñe ne aghpg÷gs ncnatovgs plr hndol dn rndns slaogins dn tgi hgenrg qun sng hçs naleñhoag pnrl tghjoïe huy ncnatovg. Dçedlin ue neclqun oetnrnsgetn, pnrl tghjoïe enansgrol, puns ne ig gatugiodgd Oetnrent ns ueg bnrrghonetg huy utoiozgdg pgrg ljtnenr plsoaoleghonetl, clrtginanr ig ohgmne dn hgrag y pgrg ig alhnraogiozgaoñe alhnraogiozgaoñe dn prlduatls l snrvoaols. Ne ig slaondgd gatugi ni dnsgrrliil dn Oetnrent y ni usl dn rndns slaogins bge sodl aigvn, ne ig oeelvgaoñe dn igs alhueoagaolens y ni nspgraohonetl, bge pnrhotodl ni oetnraghjol dn tldg aigsn dn oeclrhgaoñe netrn sus usugrols. Nstl bg someocoagdl ue alestgetn aghjol, arnaohonetl n oeelvgaoñe. Vlal g plal sn bge odl docuedonedl bgstg bgjnr giagezgdl ig eltlrondgd dn bly ne dèg, iinmgedl igs rndns slaogins alestotuorsn alhl ue hndol dn utoiozgaoñe hgsovl dn oeclrhgaoñe y alhueoagaoñe domotgi. Ne ig gatugiodgd sle hoiilens dn hgrags igs qun tonen prnsneaog ne rndns slaogins proeaopgihnetn Cganjll` y Twottnr, plr plsnnr ueg jgsn dn dgtls ale igs agrgatnrèstoags n oetnrnsns dn ils usugrols, cgvlrnaonedl ni aletgatl ale pltneaogins aionetns, gyudgedl g hgetnenr ue vèeauil ale ils alesuhodlrns gatugins, mnenrgedl ingitgd g ig hgrag gdnhçs dn lcrnanrin gi usugrol oeclrhgaoñe ûtoi l dn oetnrïs sljrn ig nstg.
1
Hntldlilmèg
Ig pujioaodgd ne Oetnrent sn bg tlregdl hgsovg y ns ueg dn igs clrhgs hçs utoiozgdgs pgrg dgr g alelanr l plsoaolegr ue prlduatl l snrvoaol. Qoe nhjgrml, ni prljinhg proeaopgi pgrg igs nhprnsgs rgdoag ne sgjnr dñedn rngiozgr su pujioaodgd dn clrhg ncnatovg pgrg qun iinmun gi mrupl dn usugrols dnsngdl y dn qu n clrhg, dn tgi hgenrg qun ils mgstls sn pundge aletrligr
̇
dornatghnetn. Vgrg ig rngiozgaoñe dn nstn trgjgkl sn lpt ñ̇ plr bganr ueg oevnstomgaoñe g cledl sljrn alhl igs docnrnetns nhprnsgs utoiozge alhl proeaopgi bnrrghonetg ig pujioaodgd ne Oetnrent pgrg prlhlaolegr sus hgrags tgetl V_HNQ alhl mrgedns nhprnsgs. Vlr ltrl igdl, bgy qun sgjnr añhl plsoaolegrsn ne ig hnetn dni alesuhodlr, alelanril y hltovgril g alesuhor ni prlduatl y/l snrvoaol qun nst g sonedl geueaogdl gprlvnabgedl ni usl dnshndodl dn rndns slaogins y
̇
gegiozgedl augi ns ig clrhg hçs ncnatovg. Vrohnrghnetn, rngiozghls ljsnrvgaolens y vosotgs dn aghpl, ig rngiozgaoñe dn ue dogrol cun dn votgi ohplrtgeaog pgrg el pnrdnr dntgiin gimuel dn eunstrg oevnstomgaoñe, gsè alhl ig rngiozgaoñe dn netrnvostgs g ue alhhueoty hgegmnr, neagrmgdls dn slaogi hndog y pnrslegs nspnaogiozgdgs ne ni çrng dn hgr`ntoem, neaunstgs g usugrols dn rndns slaogins nta. Ig alesuitg dn cunetns dn oeclrhgaoñe tgetl tnñroags alhl prçatoags els iinvge g dntnrhoegr qun ghjgs sn alhpinhnetge g coe dn tnenr oeclrhgaoñe sucoaonetn pgrg dnsgrrliigr ig oevnstomgaoñe.
4
Znsuitgdls
Igs rndns slaogins ne ig gatugiodgd nstçe gdquoronedl ue rli ohplrtgetn pgrg igs hgrags y sus prlduatls l snrvoaols, ghpiogedl dn nstg clrhg ils blrozletns, dçedlsn g alelanr crnetn g eunvls aionetns pltneaogins yg qun ig hgylrèg dn nstgs rndns plsnne ue sostnhg dn snmhnetgaoñe pgrg ujoagr alesuhodlrns ne jgsn g vgrogjins huy nspnaècoags, neclagedl gsè ils geueaols g pûjioals nspnaècoals g ils qun sn quonrn iinmgr, sonedl ueg bnrrghonetg qun, ale ueg juneg nstrgtnmog n ohpinhnetgaoñe, pundne tnenr ueg mrge iinmgdg y snr naleñhoaghnetn vogjin.
Qo sn alilag ne Cganjll` ueg jûsqundg dn mrupls rnigaolegdls ale ig hgrag oVgd, plr nknhpil, gpgrnan ueg oecoeodgd. Dn nsg agetodgd el sn sgjn auçetls mrupls sle sotols lcoaogins dn ig hgrag, pnrl pundn suplenrsn qun ig hgylrèg el il sle. Nsg pgrtn sn alhplen dn hoins dn usugrols, dnsnlsls dn alhpgrtor sus nxpnroneaogs ale ig hgrag, rnalhnedgrig g eunvls usugrols, alhueoagr sus agrgatnrèstoags y, el hnels ohplrtgetn, qunkgrsn dni prlduatl. Qle alesuhodlrns qun sn sonetne dun÷ls dn igs hgrags. Igs hgrags el dge pldnr g sus alesuhodlrns, ils alesuhodlrns sn gpldnrge dn niigs, mrgaogs g igs vnetgkgs qun jroedg ig tnaelilmèg.
Ltrg clrhg ne ig qun igs rndns slaogins gyudge g igs hgrags ns arngedl ueg rnigaoñe hçs anrageg ale ils gatugins aionetns, pnrhotn oeclrhgaoñe pgrg hnklrgr ni prlduatl, y ig alhueoagaoñe pgrg bganr ue usl hçs ncoaonetn dn ig oevnrsoñe qun sn bgan ne il qun g hgr`ntoem sn rnconrn. Ni aletgatl dornatl tghjoïe guhnetg ig ingitgd ale ig hgrag.
Ni hurl dn gimuegs rndns slaogins ns ig bnrrghonetg hçs vgiolsg pgrg mnenrgr rnaunrdl dn ig hgrag yg qun ohpioag ig pgrtoaopgaoñe y aligjlrgaoñe dni usugrol dn ig rnd, sonedl tghjoïe votgi pgrg mnenrgr odngs elvndlsgs qun jnencoaoge g ig hgrag, so sgjne oetnrprntgrsn. Vnrl ils jnencoaols el sle sñil pgrg ig hgrag, soel tghjoïe pgrg ni pûjioal yg qun in pnrhotn g ïstn tnenr ueg rnigaoñe dornatg ale ig hgrag, ue hgylr alelaohonetl dni prlduatl n oetnrolrozgrsn sljrn ils eunvls igezghonetls y prlhlaolens.
Vlr ltrl igdl, jroedg ig plsojoiodgd dn pnrtnenanr g ueg alhueodgd, ns dnaor clrhgr pgrtn dn ue mrupl dn usugrols l alhprgdlrns qun dge su lpoeoñe y pgrtoaopge ne ni dosn÷l y hnklrg dni prlduatl. Ne huabls agsls gdnhçs pundne pgrtoaopgr ne aleaursls y mgegr
>
prnhols y gdquoror vosojoiodgd dnetrl dn nsg alhueodgd. Tldgs nstgs nstrgtnmogs pgrnane dgrin aonrtl pldnr gi alesuhodlr, gdquoronedl ni aletrli dn gimuegs vgrogjins qun getns pnrtnenaège nxaiusovghnetn g igs nhprnsgs geueaogetns, alhl pundn snr ig odnetodgd dn ig hgrag, igs agrgatnrèstoags dni prlduatl, igs alhueoagaolens dn ig hgrag, aghpg÷gs pujioaotgrogs y bgstg lpoegr sljrn ni prnaol. Dn nstg hgenrg, ni alesuhodlr in dg vgilr g su nxpnroneaog ale ig hgrag, sn sonetn pgrtn dn niig, yg qun pundn pgrtoaopgr dn aonrtgs dnaosolens.
G hndodg qun ni alesuhodlr alesuhodlr sn sonetn sonetn agpgz dn oeciuor oeciuor ne igs dnaosolens dnaosolens dn ig hgrag l ne igs dnaosolens dn ltrls alesuhodlrns, g trgvïs dn sus gatovodgdns ne igs rndns, sonetn qun mnenrg y rnaojn oeclrhgaoñe vgiolsg pgrg ils mrupls ne ils qun pgrtoaopg y eltg qun pundn tlhgr hnklrns dnaosolens plrqun tonen oeclrhgaoñe dn agiodgd y hgylr agetodgd dn lpaolens.
Igs rndns pundne snr ueg mrge bnrrghonetg pgrg alestruor rnigaolens sgtoscgatlrogs netrn ig hgrag y ni alesuhodlr.
Gsè alhl alhl g igs nhprnsgs ins mustg innr innr ils ils alhnetgrols alhnetgrols plsotovls tghjoïe dnjne nstgr gtnetls gtnetls g gquniils enmgtovls pgrg oetnetgr rnslivnr ue plsojin prljinhg y clrtginanr ni vèeauil ale ils cges qun, ne dncoeotovg, sle ils aionetns.
Bgy ueg crgsn qun doan; ’ils ghomls dn hos ghomls tghjoïe sle hos ghomls‘. Nstn hnesgkn vgin y huabl ne igs rndns slaogins, y sn dnjn gprlvnabgr yg qun pnrhotn qun ils ghomls dn ils cges iinmune gi agegi y sn alevonrtge ne aionetns. Netleans, qundg aigrl qun ig vorgiodgd ns ueg agrgatnrèstoag cuedghnetgi qun plsnne igs rndns slaogins y qun gyudg ne ni arnaohonetl dni pnrcoi slaogi dn ueg hgrag.
Nxostne vgrols topls dn rndns slaogins y plr il t getl ns nsneaogi alelanr auçins snrçe igs hçs ncnatovgs pgrg gjlrdgr gi hnragdl pltneaogi. Ns dnaor, el sorvn dn egdg alhueoagr ne rndns slaogins so ils aionetns el igs usge. Vlr nknhpil, so ils alesuhodlrns el nstçe ne Oestgmrgh, ¼pgrg quï sn vg g ninmor alhl agegi dn alhueoagaoñe< Ns hnklr netnednr ne dñedn nstçe niils y neclagrsn g nsl.
Qn dnstgag ig ohplrtgeaog dn alelanr igs agrgatnrèstoags dn agdg rnd slaogi g utoiozgr yg qun el tldgs igs rndns sorvne pgrg tldgs igs nhprnsgs. Ns ohprnsaoedojin odnetocoagr ni tgrmnt
3
n oedgmgr quï rndns usgr. Qo jone igs rndns hçs utoiozgdgs pgrg iinmgr g alesuhodlrns coegins sle Cganjll` y Twottnr, y Ioe`ndOe pgrg prlcnsolegins, el sn dnjn dnsagrtgr tldl ni rnstl alhl; Mllmin+, Voetnrnst, Oestgmrgh, _luTujn. Dn bnabl, plr nknhpil, Voetnrnst, ns ue huy june agegi pgrg pnqun÷ls alhnraols rnigaolegdls ale hldg, mgstrlelhèg, dnalrgaoñe y nstçe dnstoegdls nspnaogihnetn g huknrns.
Bly ne dèg augiquonrg pundn bganr enmlaols plr Oetnrent, vnednr y alhprgr augiquonr alsg qun dnsnn. Qn pundn lcrnanr gi hnragdl dnsdn ueg prlduaaoñe prlpog bgstg ninhnetls pnrslegins qun yg el sn enansotne, sonhprn vg g bgjnr gimuone dni ltrl igdl qun rnquonrg dn niils. Gsè ̇ alhl nstg bnrrghonetg gyudg huabl g ils eunvls nhprnedndlrns, tghjoïe bg jnencoaogdl g nhprnsgs yg nxostnetns ne ni hnragdl. Qoe nhjgrml, alhl bg gyudgdl, tghjoïe bg mnenrgdl gimuegs qun ltrgs alhpioagaolens ne ils enmlaols.
Igs tnaelilmègs domotgins bge aghjogdl ni hldl ne qun igs nhprnsgs sn rnigaolege, tgetl ale sus aionetns alhl ale sus prlvnndlrns. Bge pnrhotodl ue hnklr ganraghonetl gi pûjioal ljkntovl mnenrgedl ueg rnigaoñe hçs dornatg netrn niils. Qn pundn iinmgr, alelanr y mnenrgr ue pnrcoi hçs nxgatl dn ils alesuhodlrns alesuhodlrns g trgvïs dn jusagdlrns, rndns slaogins, slaogins, pçmoegs dn Oetnrent, vodnl n ohçmnens. Ig oetnrgaaoñe ale ils aionetns pnrhotn rngiozgr prlduatls y snrvoaols g hndodg, dosn÷gr snmûe igs nspnaocoagaolens, dnsnls y enansodgdns dni pûjioal. Qo sn odnetocoage dn hgenrg oehndogtg g trgvïs dn Oetnrent igs enansodgdns dn eunstrls aionetns, sn pundne rngiozgr pndodls dn suhoeostrls hçs rçpodl y slil dn il rngihnetn enansgrol, gyudgedl g rnduaor mgstls dn prlduaaoñe. Ig oetnmrgaoñe dn nstg tnaelilmèg gyudg g mnenrgr ueg hgylr prlduatovodgd ne igs nhprnsgs.
Igs rndns slaogins pnrhotne g igs nhprnsgs guhnetgr ni eûhnrl dn aionetns y nxpgedorsn hçs giiç ̇ dni netlrel mnlmrçcoal qun sn hgenkg. Qn pundn vnednr g augiquonr pgrtn dni huedl y g augiquonr blrg, tneonedl ueg oecrgnstruaturg hèeohg. Tghjoïe sn pnraojn ueg rnduaaoñe ne ni stla`, prlduaonedl slighnetn il enansgrol, y ueg vnetgkg oeomugigjin ns qun g trgvïs dn Oetnrent sn pundn vnednr soe tnenr stla` oeaiusovn. Augiquonr nhprnsg qun sn ig pundg aletgatgr vèg Oetnrent ns ueg nhprnsg oetnregaolegi. oetnregaolegi. G trgvïs dn jusagdlrns, jusagdlrns, rndns slaogins, pçmoegs dn Oetnrent, vodnls, ohçmnens, nta., sn pundn mnenrgr ueg pnentrgaoñe dn hnragdl, ue dnsgrrliil dn prlduatl hçs ncoagz, so ns qun sn enansotg0 y, gdnhçs, agptgr eunvls
=
hnragdls pltneaogins pgrg mnenrgr dovnrsocoagaolens rnigaolegdgs y/l el rnigaolegdgs. Gi ljtnenr ueg hnklr oeclrhgaoñe sljrn sljr n il qun dnsnge ils alesuhodlrns, nigjlrgedl nigjl rgedl su prlduatl odngi, ïstls nstçe dospunstls g pgmgr prnaols hçs gitls.
Ni ïxotl dn igs rndns slaogins sn dnjn g ig enansodgd qun tonene ils egvnmgetns dn Oetnrent dn alhpgrtor sus sotugaolens dn vodg. Slivonedl g Cganjll`, qun plsnn ue mrge hgr`ntoem jlag g jlag, sn pundn dgr alhl nknhpil nstg clrhg oeelvgdlrg dn bganrsn su prlpol
hgr`ntoem. ’¼Dñedn ils vostn< - Il vo ne Cganjll`‘. Vrnmuetgs y rnspunstgs elrhgins ne ig hgylrèg dn igs pnrslegs.
Zndns slaogins alhl Cganjll` sle ue mrge prlhltlr dn hgr`ntoem vorgi. Qn pundn elhjrgr ig nxpiltgaoñe qun nxostn bly ne dèg dn igs rndns slaogins0 y ig ohplrtgeaog dn nstgr ne niigs qun sn mnenrg pgrg ni alesuhodlr y g su vnz pgrg igs hgrags.
Ni hgr`ntoem vorgi sn utoiozg pgrg ni rnalelaohonetl dn hgrag qun ne su hgylrèg sn mnenrg jlag g jlag y ne igs rndns slaogins. Tghjoïe sn gpioag pgrg dnsgrrliigr aghpg÷gs dn hgr`ntoem jgsgdgs ne Oetnrent.
Ig ohplrtgeaog dn Oetnrent ne ni huedl dn ils enmlaols ns huy mrgedn, cgaoiotg huabgs vègs pgrg qun ig nhprnsg pundg iinmgr g sus aionetns l pltneaogins aionetns. Ig plpuigrodgd dn ig rnd bg bnabl qun huabgs nhprnsgs dnpnedge dn niig pgrg sus alhueoagaolens, pujioaodgd y ne mnenrgi tldgs sus gatovodgdns ne tlrel gi hgr`ntoem. Oetnrent bg gjonrtl huabls aghpls plr aujror. Bly ne dèg sn pundn alelanr anetrls alhnraogins vortugins, iojrnrègs vortugins, hûsoag y hçs jonens y snrvoaols qun sgtoscgane gi aionetn.
Ils enmlaols leioen tonene ueg iojnrtgd dn dnsgrrliil huy mrgedn. Ne aonrtg clrhg bgane il qun quonrne plr Oetnrent pgrg pldnr iinmgr g sus aionetns, sgtoscganr sus enansodgdns y g su vnz mnenrgr hçs aletgatls pgrg ni arnaohonetl dni hoshl.
Tghjoïe sn usge igs rndns slaogins pgrg gyudgr ne ig alhprg y vnetg ne ièengs dn prlduatls y snrvoaols. Nstg gaaoñe sn dnelhoeg alhnraol slaogi, ni augi sn nxpgedn bgstg oeaiuor augiquonr topl dn bnrrghonetg dnetrl dn igs rndns slaogins. Alhprg y vnetg slaogi qun jroedg
2
ig rnd g igs pnrslegs qun tonene ig enansodgd dn alesuhl dn dntnrhoegdl prlduatl l snrvoaol ne ue dntnrhoegdl hlhnetl.
Igs rndns slaogins bge gjonrtl oecoeotgs plsojoiodgdns pgrg qun ils alesuhodlrns pundge muogr sus alhprgs, dn gaunrdl g igs nxpnroneaogs dn ltrls usugrols. Ne ltrgs ïplags, ne igs qun el aletçjghls ale nstgs bnrrghonetgs, ig oeciuneaog dornatg dn ils ghomls y cghoiogrns nrg ig qun oetnrcnrèg g ig blrg dn ig alhprg. Vnrl igs rndns bge aghjogdl ig nxpnroneaog dn ils usugrols, y igs hgrags dnjne auodgr su rnputgaoñe ne nstgs, yg qun ils alesuhodlrns sn gplyge huabl ne igs lpoeolens dn ltrls.
Ne tldl ni huedl sn nstçe dnstgagedl nstn topl dn alhplrtghonetls. ^e rnaonetn oeclrhn, dnsgrrliigdl plr Opsls, hunstrg qun ue 72% dn ils alesuhodlrns nstgdlueodnesns bge alhprgdl gimûe prlduatl plrqun g sus ghomls ins mustg nsg hgrag l ig somune ne igs rndns slaogins. Nstn hoshl alhplrtghonetl sn vn ne pgèsns alhl Aboeg, dledn ni plranetgkn ns gûe hgylr, ale ue >4% dn ils agsls sn gplyge ne ig lpoeoñe dn ghomls, somuoïedlin Oedog ale ue 44%, gsè alhl Turquèg n Oedlensog ale ue 1?%.
Soïedlil dnsdn ueg pnrspnatovg hçs ghpiog, ni ::% dn ils alesuhodlrns dn vnoetoaugtrl pgèsns dnaigrge bgjnr alhprgdl prlduatls plrqun ue ghoml snmuèg ig hgrag ne igs rndns slaogins. _ dnetrl dn nstn nspnatrl, ils hnelrns dn 1> g÷ls sle ils hçs prndospunstls g nstg gatotud qun igs ndgdns alhprnedodgs netrn ils >? y 34 g÷ls.
Huabgs nhprnsgs netonedne nstn alhplrtghonetl dn ils alesuhodlrns y gatûge ne alesnauneaog, alesnauneaog, honetrgs ltrgs tldgvèg el il vne tge aigrl, y el nstçe snmurgs dn qun igs rndns slaogins pundge hnklrgr igs vnetgs. Qnmûe ils dgtls qun sn bge nxtrgèdl dn ue nstudol
dnsgrrliigdl plr GdGmn, gprlxohgdghnetn ue 36% dn igs nhprnsgs arnn ’ue plal‘ ûtoi igs rndns slaogins, honetrgs ue 71,4% el igs neaunetrge ûtoi ne gjsliutl.
Igs nhprnsgs prlynatge ils aghjols ne igs oevnrsolens ne hgr`ntoem dn gaunrdl g nstgs tnedneaogs. Qontn dn agdg donz nhprnsgs tonene prlynatgdl guhnetgr su prnsupunstl dn hgr`ntoem ne igs rndns slaogins ni prñxohl g÷l. _ hçs dn ig hotgd ponesg bganril ne Cganjll`. (Cunetn, :67:)
?
Ils rnsuitgdls dni nstudol hunstrge qun ig oetneaoñe dn usl dn Cganjll` nst g oeciuodg plr ig
̇
utoiodgd pnraojodg, plr ig oeciuneaog slaogi y plr ig gatotud bgaog Cganjll` dni oedovodul. Ig rnigaoñe netrn utoiodgd pnraojodg y ig oetneaoñe dn usl kustocoagrèg qun ils alhhueoty hgegmnrs l rnsplesgjins dn ig mnstoñe dn rndns slaogins ne igs nhprnsgs dorokge sus nscunrzls el slil g oearnhnetgr ni eûhnrl dn snmuodlrns dn sus pçmoegs ne Cganjll`, soel tghjoïe g cgvlrnanr su pgrtoaopgaoñe gatovg ne ig hoshg, aletrojuynedl gs è ̇ g guhnetgr ig utoiodgd pnraojodg plr ils usugrols. Vgrg qun Cganjll` sng ûtoi ne ig jûsqundg dn oeclrhgaoñe y ne ig vgilrgaoñe dn lpaolens dn alhprg, ils alhhueoty hgegmnrs dnjnrège oeanetovgr qun ue snmhnetl rninvgetn dn cges mnenrn aletneodls y lpoeolens ne ig pçmoeg dn Cganjll` dn su hgrag. Vlr ue igdl, pundne lptgr plr oeanetovgr su pgrtoaopgaoñe g trgvïs dn prnmuetgs, neaunstgs l aleaursls rnigaolegdls ale ig hgrag.
Ni ncnatl dornatl dn ig oeciuneaog slaogi sljrn ig oetneaoñe dn usl dn Cganjll` ne ni prlansl dn dnaosoñe dn alhprg sumonrn qun ni aletoeul guhnetl dn ils usugrols dn rndns slaogins mnenrgr g ueg hgylr utoiozgaoñe dn igs hoshgs alhl bnrrghonetg pgrg ilagiozgr oeclrhgaoñe
̇
durgetn ni prlansl dn dnaosoñe dn alhprg, dgdl qun agdg vnz snr ç ̇ hgylr ni eûhnrl dn usugrols qun gplyne nstn usl dn ig rnd slaogi.
Coegihnetn, ig rnigaoñe someocoagtovg netrn gatotud n oetneaoñe dn usl kustocoagrèg qun igs nhprnsgs jusagrge oearnhnetgr ig gatotud bgaog Cganjll` dn sus usugrols, rnaurronedl g igs gaaolens neaugdrgdgs ne ni dnelhoegdl hgr`ntoem dn aletneodls, alesostnetn ne arngr y alhpgrtor iojrnhnetn aletneodls dn agiodgd qun gtrgomge g ils pltneaogins aionetns g tu pçmoeg dn Cganjll` y, ueg vnz alevnrtodls ne cges, pgrtoaopne gatovghnetn ne niig. (Crgeaosal Kgvonr Horgedg Mlezg inzg, :67:).
̇
Vrohnrl, dnjnhls netnednr plr quï gblrg igs hgrags sle, rnpnetoeghnetn, hçs vuienrgjins g ils snetohonetls dn ils alesuhodlrns. Tldl sn rnsuhn ne ueg alsg; igs rndns slaogins sle ig eunvg tninvosoñe.
Getns ig tninvosoñe clrhgjg ils snetohonetls mnenrgins dn ils alesuhodlrns alesuhodlrns plr il qun igs nhprnsgs doscrutgjge dn ue nelrhn pldnr pgrg gitnrgr su ohgmne g trgvïs dn ig pujioaodgd. Iunml iinmñ ni oetnrent, qun el gagjñ ale ig pujioaodgd, pnrl sè doiuyñ su pldnr. Gblrg igs hgrags el tonene huabg oeciuneaog sljrn añhl sn rnaojne sus hnesgkns g trgvïs dn eunstrgs pigtgclrhgs slaogins.
Qè, pundne alilagr geueaols ne Cganjll`, Twottnr, Qegpabgt y ne tldgs pgrtns. Vnrl igs rndns slaogins ninvge gi alesuhodlr sljrn ig hnragdltnaeog alrplrgtovg0 dn prletl, il qun ohplrtg
76
el ns il qun doan ue geueaol sljrn ueg nhprnsg, soel il qun eunstrls ghomls ponesge sljrn nsg nhprnsg. (Hgekll, :67=).
Agrgatnrèstoags dn ils netlrels vortugins dn alhprg rninvgetns pgrg ils alesuhodlrns y gcnatge g sus alhplrtgho alhplrtghonetls netls dn alhprg ne ièeng. Alenatovodgd y pnrslegiozgaoñe. pnrslegiozgaoñe . Ni ninvgdl mrgdl dn oetnr gatovodgd qun prlplraoleg Oetnrent pnrhotn g ils alesuhodlrns oetnesocoagr sus rnigaolens ale ig nhprnsg, rnaojonedl prlpunstgs alhnraogins hçs dornatgs y hnklr gdgptgdgs, qun tonene hçs ne aunetg sus agrgatnrèstoags y alhplrtghonetls alhplrtghonetls oedovodugins. oedovodugins. Nalelhèg y alevneoneaog. alevneoneaog . Ils alesuhodlrns sn pundne jnencoaogr, sohuitçenghnetn, dn ninvgdgs dlsos dn nalelhèg y alevneoneaog, il qun ne ils netlrels alevneaolegins dn alhprg el sunin snr plsojin. Alecogezg y snmurodgd pnraojodg. pnraojodg . Ils alesuhodlrns sn hunstrge nspnaogihnetn prnlaupgdls plr ils ronsmls oebnrnetns g ig alhprg plr Oetnrent il qun gagjg rnpnrautonedl ne su gatotud bgaog ig alhprg ne ièeng. Alhpinkodgd dn usl. usl . Ni bnabl dn qun ils alesuhodlrns sn vnge ljiomgdls g oetnrgatugr ale ni sostnhg tnaeliñmoal pgrg iinvgr g agjl igs cueaolens dn dnaosoñe dn alhprg. Nhlaolens gslaogdgs g ig alhprg. alhprg . Ig gusneaog dn ueg vosotg rngi gi nstgjinaohonetl ohpodn, plr ueg pgrtn, qun ils alesuhodlrns nxghoene nxghoene cèsoaghnetn ig lcnrtg y ins ljiomg, ne su iumgr, g rnaurror g uegs rnprnsnetgaolens iohotgdgs dn ils prlduatls pgrg tlhgr igs dnaosolens dn alhprg, il qun aleiinvg ig dnsgpgroaoñe dn gimuels dn ils gspnatls voeauigdls g ig nxpnroneaog nxpnroneaog dni prlduatl. (Zldrèmunz, :663). Nstrgtnmogs dn vnetg Nstrgtnmog dni Vrlduatl; Vrlduatl; Ni tïrhoel prlduatl sn rnconrn tgetl g jonens cèsoals alhl g ils snrvoaols qun snrçe alhnraogiozgdls alhnraogiozgdls dnetrl dni netlrel dn Oetnrent. Vlr su pgrtn ils topls dn prlduatl y snrvoaols qun sn quonrne alhnraogiozgr pundne aigsocoagrsn ne; (g) Oeclrhgaoñe y Dgtls el alhnraogins, auyl oetnrïs prohgrol el ns mnenrgr doenrl plr nsg trgesgaaoñe, (j) Oeclrhgaoñe y dgtls Alhnraogins, ale ils augins sn prntnedn ljtnenr gimûe topl dn rntrojuaoñe hlentgrog, (a) Jonens Qlaogins y Qnrvoaols, qun cueaolegrèg dn clrhg sohoigr gi hunstrnl ne ni hgr`ntoem trgdoaolegi y plr ûitohl (d) Jonens Alhnraogins y Qnrvoaols, auyl ljkntovl proeaopgi ns ni alhnraogi.
77
Nstrgtnmog dni Vrnaol; Ni Vrnaol; Ni vgilr dn oetnraghjol dn jonens y snrvoaols ne Oetnrent rnvostn ueg ohplrtgeaog cuedghnetgi ne su cokgaoñe. Ne Oetnrent ig alhpntneaog ns oetnesovg ne il qun rnspnatg g vgrogaolens dn prnaol igs augins pundne snr dn clrhg alestgetn n oehndogtg. oehndogtg. Nstrgtnmogs dn Dostrojuaoñe; Dostrojuaoñe; Oetnrent bg trgesclrhgdl ni prlansl ne qun ils prlduatls sn dostrojuyne dnsdn ils prlduatlrns bgaog ils alesuhodlrns. Igs Znigaolens Alhnraogins ne Oetnrent sn rngiozge g trgvïs dn; Tonedgs Ninatrñeoags, Anetrl Alhnraogins Ninatrñeoals, Gprlvosoleghonetl Gprlvosoleghonetl Ninatrñeoal, Ninatrñeoal, Qujgstgs Ninatrñeoags Ninatrñeoags y Alhueodgdns Alhueodgdns Sortugins. Sortugins. Nstrgtnmogs dn Vrlhlaoñe y Vujioaodgd; Ne Oetnrent sn pundne alhjoegr gspnatls alhl vodnl, gudol, geohgaoñe, tnxtl y dostrojuaoñe oehndogtg dn hunstrgs, tldl g dosplsoaoñe dni aionetn, pgrg arngr ue iumgr vovl y doeçhoal ne ni augi pldrç nxpnrohnetgr ale ni prlduatl dn hgenrg oetnrgatovg. Ltrg clrhg dn prlhlaoñe sn rngiozg g trgvïs dn ltrgs pçmoegs ]nj, utoiozgedl rnaursls tgins alhl; Jgeenrs pujioaotgrols, Snetgegs Vlp-up, nhgoi hgr`ntoem, neigans l ioe`s rnaèprlals, Enwsmrlup, Enwsinttnr, Jusagdlrns ne Oetnrent, Corhgs ne ils alrrnls ninatrñeoals, Zndns Qlaogins y Vgtrlaoeols ne ltrls slplrtns. (Sgrnig, :676). Vgrg ueg lrmgeozgaoñe, el sn trgtg slil dn ’arngr ue pnrcoi‘, ig prnsneaog ne igs rndns slaogins sn alevonrtn ne ueg gaaoñe huy alhpinkg qun oevliuarg nstrgtnmogs, nxpnroneaogs, odngs arngtovgs y dn dnsgrrliil. Ne nstn pgès, ils bgjotgetns rnspledne hçs g il nhlaolegi qun g il oetninatugi, ni enmlaol gdquonrn rninvgeaog naleñhoag y slaogi alhl eueag getns.
Getnrolrhnetn igs hgrags hgrags gjrège ue pnrcoi y il bgaège ’plrqun sè, plrqun plrqun tldls tldls nstgjge ne igs rndns y ig alhpntneaog nstgjg ne vnr quoïe l quoïens tneège hçs io`ns, alhl so sñil plr tnenr hçs snmuodlrns ilmrgrge vnednr hçs prlduatls. Bly, soe nhjgrml, sn sgjn qun ni pûjioal rnspledn hçs g il qun in bgan snetor ig hgrag ne il oedovodugi, qun il qun ueg aocrg hoiilegrog pundn rnprnsnetgr, guequn, plr supunstl, nstls dgtls somune sonedl ohplrtgetns. Ne nstgs cnabgs ueg hgrag qun dnaodn sujorsn g igs rndns slaogins, il bgan plrqun nstç alesaonetn dn ig ohplrtgeaog qun tonene g ig blrg dn plsoaolegr su prlduatl netrn ni pûjioal usugrol y alesuhodlr, puns gdnhçs dn aletgr ale ue eûhnrl someocoagtovl dn cges, netgjig ue doçilml dornatl qun in gplrtg ue aletneodl dn su oetnrïs, il oevotg g rngiozgr gaaolens y, plr supunstl gmrgdnan y vgilrg su gplyl. Dn il qun sn trgtg ns añhl mnenrgr aletneodls qun gtrgpne gi alesuhodlr y il oeaotne g suhgrsn g ueg alevnrsgaoñe vortugi, pgrg coegihnetn nhpukgr ueg gaaoñe dn alhprg. Ne ig gatugiodgd, ig pujioaodgd leioen ns ni hndol hçs utoiozgdl plr igs nhprnsgs, ne hnels dn aoeal g÷ls, nstn snatlr aleanetr l aocrgs bostñroags huy ninvgdgs dn doenrl, dgtl qun rncinkg
̇
7:
ni eovni dn oetnrïs qun tonene ils geueaogetns ne Oetnrent tgetl V_HNQ, gsè alhl mrgedns nhprnsgs.
71
Aleaiusolens y rnalhnedgaolens rnalhnedgaolens;; Ne ig gatugiodgd, ig hgenrg dn bganr enmlaols nst g aghjogedl rçpodghnetn, plr il qun ue ̇ mrge eûhnrl dn nhprnsgs nst g nxpiltgedl ue eunvl hldnil dn enmlaols g trgvïs dn Oetnṙ ent. Nstgs, gi oealrplrgr igs eunvgs tnaelilmègs dn ig oeclrhgaoñe y alhueoagaoñe, ljtonene hûitopins jnencoaols tgins alhl; hgylr oeclrhgaoñe y alelaohonetl dn sus aionetns, mnenrgr mgegeaogs, oearnhnetgr sus vnetgs, rnclrzgr su plsoaoleghonetl, bganrin crnetn g ig alhpntneaog, mnenrgr eunvgs slaondgdns dn enmlaol. Nstl sn dnjn gi giagean y pltneaogiodgdns qun ig ]nj jroedg gi rnspnatl y, plr alesomuonetn, in mnenrg ueg vnetgkg alhpntotovg, dgdl qun ni prlpñsotl dn ig tnaelilmèg ns hnklrgr y lptohozgr ni aletrli dni çhjotl dn ils enmlaols, dn tgi hgenrg qun pundg snr agpgz dn rnsplednr dn hgenrg rçpodg y prndnaojin g igs enansodgdns dn ig slaondgd. Ig tnaelilmèg nst g rlhponedl ale tldgs igs jgrrnrgs auiturgins, ioemùèstoags, slaogins y ̇ naleñhoags. Dn gaunrdl g ig oevnstomgaoñe, nstg eunvg nrg domotgi, ig augi iinv l gi e gi ̇ hgr`ntoem hgsovl pgrg dgr lromne gi hgr`ntoem plr Oetnrent, sorvn alhl ueg bnrrghonetg hgrgvoiilsg pgrg gquniils nhprnsgrols qun nxpiltge ig rnd oetniomnetnhnetn ne jusag dn hgxohozgr jnencoaols0 aleduaonedl g ig nxplsoaoñe dni enmlaol gi huedl y ale niil guhnetgr igs lplrtueodgdns dn ghpiogr ni giagean y ni jnencoaol dn ig nhprnsg. Bly ne dèg, ns enansgrol qun igs nhprnsgs nstïe oetnmrgdgs g igs eunvgs tnaelilmègs, dn il aletrgrol pnrdnrçe hnragdl aletrg igs qun nstçe aletoeughnetn dnsgrrliiçedlsn y somuonedl ni aoail dn gvgean tnaeliñmoal qun ni hnragdl nxomn agdg vnz hçs Oetnmrghls ueg nvgiugaoñe dni prlansl (gaonrtls, cgiigs, ljstçauils), gsè alhl ni auhpiohonetl l el dn eunstrls ljkntovls. ljkntovls. Gsohoshl, dnjnhls dnjnhls dnstgagr qun igs rndns slaogins slaogins alhl hndol hndol dn pujioaodgd pujioaodgd ns eunvl plr plr il tgetl tghjoïe il ns rncnrodl g su utoiozgaoñe plr pgrtn dn igs hgrags alhnraogins, ni nstudol dn su ohpgatl, gsè alhl ils prljinhgs gslaogdls g su usl y ils grrnmils qun sn pundge bganr ne pls dn ueg clrhg hçs ncoagz dn bganr ue june usl dn niigs. Vlr gblrg, il hnklr ns alevnrtorigs ne ueg vnetgkg alhpntotovg pgrg ig hgrag, y gsè docnrneaogrig dni rnstl.
74
Zncnrneaogs y cunetns dn alesuitg;
Jojiolmrgcèg
Crgeaosal Kgvonr Horgedg Mlezg inzg, Q. Z. (:67:). Dntnrhoegetns dn ig oetneao l ė dn usl dn Cganjll` ̇ e ne ni prlansl dn dnaoso l ̇ dn alhprg. Oevnstomgaolens nurlpngs dn dornaaoñe y nalelhèg dn ig nhprnsg. Nspgeg; Nisnvonr Dlyhg. Cunetn, L. (6: dn Kuiol dn :67:). Igs rndns slaogins pltneaoge ig oeciuneaog dn ig lpoeoñe dn alhprg dn ils usugrols. (Alhueodgd ONJQablli) Znaupnrgdl ni :7 dn Gmlstl dn :67=, dn onjsablli; bttp;//www.onjsablli.alh/jilm/igs-rndns-slaogins-:/ Hgekll, C. (:= dn kueol dn :67=). Ljtneodl dn Tbn Enw _lr` Tohns ne nspg÷li; bttps;//www.eytohns.alh/ns/:67=/63/:=/ni-pldnr-dn-igs-rndns-slaogins-aletrg-igs-hgrags/ Zldrèmunz, O. (1 dn latujrn dn :663). Nxpnroneaogs l ptohgs dn egvnmgao l ė y alhprg ne i oeng. ̇ ^LA ̇ Vgpnrs. Znvostg sljrn ig slaondgd dni alelaohonetl, 71-73. Sgrnig, B. (16 dn snptonhjrn dn :676). Tnhgs dn gdhoeostrgaoñe dn nhprnsgs. Znaupnrgdl ni 61 dn snptonhjrn dn :67=, dn Tnhgs dn gdhoeostrgaoñe dn nhprnsgs; bttp;//tnhgsdngdhoeostrgaolednnhprnsgs.jilmsplt.hx/:676/6?/ni-pldnr-dni-hgr`ntoem-neoetnrent.bthi
7>
GENRLQ; Jotçalrg 74 dn gmlstl dn :67=. Oeciuneaog dn igs rndns slaogins ne ig dnaosoñe dn alhprg dn ue prlduatl l snrvoaol. Vrohnrg vosotg l rnalrrodl gi iumgr ne ni augi sn rnagjgrç oeclrhgaoñe g anrag dn alhl igs rndns slaogins oeciuyne ne ig tlhg dn dnaosolens pgrg ig gdquosoaoñe gdquosoaoñe dn ue prlduatl l snrvoaol. Aïiuig Hgr`ntoem Gi iinmgr g igs lcoaoegs dn ig nhprnsg ne ig qun sn iinvgrç g agjl ig oevnstomgaoñe oevnstomgaoñe dn aghpl, ujoagdg ne ig Aoudgd dn Vgabuag hn neaunetrl ale ueg cgabgdg jigeag dn gspnatl hoeohgiostg hoeohgiost g dledn il prohnrl qun pundl ljsnrvgr ns ni ilmltopl dn ig nhprnsg ne alilr h lrgdl y dn mrge tghg÷l. Hn doromè g ig rnanpaoñe ig augi ns ghpiog y tghjoïe ale dnalrgaoñe hoeohgiostg, cuo gtnedodg plr ueg huknr huy ghgjin, hn prnsnetï alhl gsporgetn dn Mnstoñe y Gdhoeostrgaoñe dn VyHNQ dn ig ^eovnrsodgd Gjonrtg y g Dostgeaog dn Hïxoal y in nxpioquï ils hltovls dn ho oetnrïs qun tneèg ne su nhprnsg pgrg bganr ueg oevnstomgaoñe sljrn rndns slaogins. Qn alhueoañ vèg tnincñeoag ale gimuone nxpioagedl ils coens dn ho oevnstomgaoñe y plstnrolrhnetn hn oevotl g pgsgr. Hn aleduknrle g uegs lcoaoegs huy lrmgeozgdgs, iinegs dn alilr qun cueaolege pnrcnatghnetn pgrg ig arngaoñe y alhueoagaoñe netrn ils nhpingdls y sljrn tldl iinegs dn alhputgdlrgs y nquopl dn ûitohg mnenrgaoñe, cuo gtnedodg ghgjinhnetn plr ni Ioa. ne Gdhoeostrgaoñe dn Nhprnsgs Iuos Abohgi quone tonen 4 g÷ls igjlrgedl ne nstn iumgr, ns Mnrnetn dn Hgrag y tonen g su agrml ue nxpnrohnetgdl mrupl dn hnragdñilmls neclagdls gi çrng dn rndns slaogins. Dnspuïs dn prnsnetgrhn clrhgihnetn ale ïi, nstrnabghls igs hgels y hn aunstoleñ ganrag dn ho oetnrïs plr ig nhprnsg. In aletnstï qun ho oetnrïs nrg hnrghnetn dn ljtnenr oeclrhgaoñe pgrg ue trgjgkl dn aghpl rnqunrodl pgrg ue nstudol qun nstly bgaonedl ne ni prlpndïutoal y ho tnhg nrg ig oeciuneaog dn igs rndns slaogins ne ig dnaosoñe dn alhprg dn ue prlduatl l snrvoaol y snrvoaol y qun ne nsn hlhnetl prntnedèg tnenr ueg abgrig ale ïi hçs qun ueg netrnvostg puns slil qunrèg alelanr ue plal hçs ils dntgiins dn su trgjgkl y qun ne ueg snmuedg vosotg dnjèg bganr ueg netrnvostg hçs alearntg, g il qun hn rnspledoñ qun pldèg snr ni dèg 7> dn gmlstl g igs 77;4> gh slil qun ne augetl g ohçmnens dn ig nhprnsg l gudol el snrèg plsojin plr aunstolens dn provgaodgd y snmurodgd dn ig nhprnsg.
73
Ho aunstoleghonetl cun; ¼Ne ig gatugiodgd añhl alesodnrg qun igs rndns slaogins oeciuyne ne igs hgrags< -Alhl sgjrçs ale ni gvgean dn ig tnaelilmèg huabgs alstuhjrns slaogins bge aghjogdl, ig proeaopgi ns ig clrhg ne añhl sn alhueoage n oetnrgatûge ils snrns buhgels, ig clrhg dn alhprg/vnetg y ig pujioaodgd, ni proeaopgi oetnrhndogrol netrn ueg hgrag y ni alesuhodlr ns ni oetnrent g trgvïs dn rndns slaogins. Gblrg igs pnrslegs sn hunvne hnels tneonedl ig sliuaoñe gi giagean dn su hgel y pgsge hgylr tonhpl oetnrgatugedl ne rndns slaogins, plr nstn hltovl igs nhprnsgs alhnezgrle g rnpigetngr sus nstrgtnmogs dn vnetg neclaçedlsn ne niigs y trgtgedl dn hgetnenr ueg rnputgaoñe ohpnagjin ne augetl g igs lpoeolens dn sus alhprgdlrns. Dnspuïs dn nstg pnqun÷g abgrig ni Ioa. Iuos Abohgi sn rntorñ puns tneèg ueg kuetg, el soe getns gmrgdnanrin su tonhpl y ghgjoiodgd gi gtnednrhn soe tnenr ueg aotg prnvog, galrdgedl rnueorels eunvghnetn ni dèg 7> dn gmlstl.
Muèg dn ig snmuedg vosotg.
^egs dn igs prnmuetgs qun els pldnhls bganr pgrg alhnezgr g dniohotgr ni muole dn ig netrnvostg sle igs somuonetns; ¼Wuï jusaghls< Jusaghls sgjnr añhl nstg nhprnsg ilmrl alesliodgrsn alhl ueg dn igs hçs ohplrtgetns ne ni hgenkl dn rndns slaogins dn igs VyHNQ ne ig aoudgd ¼Añhl y g quone prnmuetghls< Vrnmuetghls gi Mnrnetn dn hgrag dn ig nhprnsg Aïiuig Hgr`ntoem, pgrg qun ig oeclrhgaoñe ljtneodg pundg snr vnrèdoag y dn prohnrg hgel. ¼Auçins sle ils ninhnetls l vgrogjins dni tnhg< Ni mrge arnaohonetl dn igs rndns slaogins ne augetl g eûhnrl dn usugrols y pçmoegs vostgs sn rnconrn, bg ohpuisgdl soe dudg su hldnil dn enmlaol jgsgdl ne ig pujioaodgd doromodg gi usugrol. Qoe nhjgrml, su ncnatovodgd tldgvèg ns giml qun sn dnjgtn y sn plen ne netrndoabl ne alhpgrgaoñe ale ltrl topl dn geueaols alhl ils qun hunstrge ils rnsuitgdls dn jusagdlrns alhl Mllmin.
7=
Muole dn netrnvos netrnvostg tg
¼Auçi ns su elhjrn< ¼Auçi ns su agrml dnetrl dn ig nhprnsg< ¼G quï sn dndoag ig nhprnsg< ¼Wuï ns ni hgr`ntoem ne rndns slaogins< ¼Añhl ns plsojin lrmgeozgr igs nstrgtnmogs dn vnetg pgrg tgetgs nhprnsgs< ¼Vgrg quï topl dn nhprnsgs y prlduatls ns alevneonetn ni hgr`ntoem ne rndns slaogins< ¼Dn quï hgenrg usgs igs rndns slaogins alhl bnrrghonetg dn austlhnr snrvoan< ¼Añhl gyudge igs rnalhnedgaolens ne rndns slaogins g hnklrgr igs vnetgs< Doane qun ni nalhhnran arnanrç ne ni prñxohl g÷l ue :6% ¼Arnane slil igs mrgedns nhprnsgs l tldl ni snatlr< ¼Arnns qun g trgvïs dn igs rndns slaogins sn pundne hnklrgr igs nstrgtnmogs dn hgr`ntoem dn ueg alhpg÷èg< ¼Vlr quï< Bgjinhls sljrn ils agegins. ¼Dnsdn dñedn arnns qun prnconrn ig gudoneaog qun in iinmun ig oeclrhgaoñe; dnsdn ils agegins alrplrgtovls l dnsdn tnranrls qun snge usugrols alhl ïi<
Trgesaropaoñe dn ig netrnvostg
¼Auçi ns su elhjrn< Qly ni Ioa. Iuos Abohgi ¼Auçi ns su agrml dnetrl dn ig i g nhprnsg< Qly Mnrnetn dn hgrags ne Aïiuig Hgr`ntoem ¼G quï sn dndoag ig nhprnsg< Hgenkghls slaogi hndog dn docnrnetns nhprnsgs ne ig aoudgd dn Vgabuag y Vunjig. ¼Wuï ns ni hgr`ntoem ne rndns slaogins<
72
Getns qun egdg, ni hgr`ntoem ns ue alekuetl dn tïaeoags tïaeoags l prlansls prlansls utoiozgdls utoiozgdls pgrg pgrg sgtoscganr sgtoscganr igs enansodgdns dn aionetns, alesuhodlrns y nhprnsgs. Vgrtonedl dn nstl dnjnhls netnednr qun igs nstrgtnmogs qun nigjlrghls nstçe anetrgdgs ne giagezgr ljkntovls ueovnrsgins alhl guhnetgr igs vnetgs, ohpgatgr, codniozgr l agptgr ig gtneaoñe dn ils alesuhodlrns. Trgs ig gpgroaoñe dn rndns slaogins alhl Cganjll`, igs nhprnsgs nstçe dnsaujronedl ne niig ueg lplrtueodgd ûeoag pgrg alenatgr y alhueoagrsn dn clrhg dornatg ale ils usugrols alesuhodlrns y pltneaogins aionetns. ¼Añhl ns plsojin lrmgeozgr igs nstrgtnmogs dn vnetg pgrg tgetgs nhprnsgs< Gblrg sn cgaoiotg huabl hçs nstg tgrng t grng dnjodl g igs eunvgs tnaelilmègs, pundns trgjgkgr ne augiquonr pgrtn dni huedl, gatugihnetn ns ue tnhg dn lrmgeozgaoñe hnetgi y dn huabgs bnrrghonetgs qun sorvne pgrg iinvgr ue aletrli tltgi. ¼Vgrg quï topl dn nhprnsgs y prlduatls ns alevneonetn ni hgr`ntoem ne rndns slaogins< Vgrtoauigrhnetn el arnl qun nxostg ueg rnmig plr ig augi oeaiuor l nxaiuor gimûe topl dn enmlaol l nhprnsg dni pltneaogi dn utoiozgr rndns slaogins alhl ue agegi dn hgr`ntoem. Hçs jone tldl dnpnedn dn sgjnr utoiozgrigs dn ig clrhg c lrhg hçs alrrnatg, ncoaonetn n oetniomnetn plsojin. Vlr niil alesodnrl qun ni hgr`ntoem ns alevneonetn pgrg tldl topl dn nhprnsgs. ¼Dn quï hgenrg usgs igs rndns slaogins alhl bnrrghonetg dn austlhnr snrvoan< Vundl dnaor qun igs rndns slaogins sle ueg bnrrghonetg huy ûtoi pgrg rnigaolegrsn ale ils aionetns, yg qun pundns alevnrsgr ale niils dornatghnetn, usgr igs gegiètoags pgrg vnr añhl rnspledne g ils aletneodls qun nigjlrgs pgrg niils y tghjoïe tn pnrhotn nealetrgr n oetnrgatugr ale oeciuneanrs dni snatlr gi qun sn dndoag ig nhprnsg pgrg ig qun trgjgkgs l in iinvgs gimûe prlynatl. Ne nstn puetl igs rndns slaogins tn hunstrge añhl tn doromns g ils aionetns. ¼Añhl gyudge igs rnalhnedgaolens ne rndns slaogins g hnklrgr igs vnetgs< Vroeaopgihnetn gyudge g hlstrgr ni prlduatl dnsdn ni puetl dn vostg ils alesuhodlrns dçedlins lpaolens, oesporçedlils y gyudçedlins ne ni prlansl dn dnaosoñe dn alhprg. Doane qun ni nalhhnran arnanrç ne ni prñxohl g÷l ue :6% ¼Arnane slil igs mrgedns nhprnsgs l tldl ni snatlr< Ns ueg huy juneg prnmuetg y tneml qun dnaor qun bgy sotol pgrg ils mrgedns, plr supunstl. Vnrl tghjoïe bgy pgrg pnqun÷ls huy nspnaogiozgdls ne ue çrng. Tghjoïe bgy nspgaol pgrg
7?
nalhhnran dn cgjroagetns, ig oedustrog qun pgsg gi leioen y qun getns vnedèg g trgvïs dn rndns dn dostrojuodlrns. dostrojuodlrns.
¼Arnns qun g trgvïs dn igs rndns slaogins sn pundne hnklrgr igs nstrgtnmogs dn hgr`ntoem dn ueg alhpg÷èg< ¼Vlr quï< Zltuedghnetn sè. Qoils jusagdlrns yg nrge alesodnrgdls ue mrge rnaursl dnetrl dn igs nstrgtnmogs dn hgr`ntoem pgrg igs nhprnsgs, igs rndns slaogins bge guhnetgdl ni aghpl dn gatugaoñe proeaopgihnetn plrqun g docnrneaog dn ils prohnrls, el slil els iohotghls g qun els neaunetrne, soel qun pldnhls tlhgr ig oeoaogtovg y alhnezgr g mnenrgr eunvls aletgatls y iinmgr dn ueg clrhg hçs dornatg g ils pltneaogins aionetns y alesuhodlrns. Bgjinhls sljrn ils agegins. ¼Dnsdn dñedn arnns qun prnconrn ig gudoneaog qun i n iinmun ig oeclrhgaoñe; dnsdn ils agegins alrplrgtovls l dnsdn tnranrls qun snge usugrols alhl ïi< Ig oeclrhgaoñe tonen qun nstgr ne ils agegins alrplrgtovls, pnrl, guequn egdon sn cèg dn il qun doan ig hgrag, nstl el someocoag qun ig hgrag tonen qun nstgr agiigdg. Ig hgrag tonen qun trgeshotor hnesgkns albnrnetns dn il qun pnraojne ils usugrols y niils tonene qun rncinkgr vliuetgroghnetn vliuetgroghnetn igs gaaolens y ni alhplrtghonetl dn ig nhprnsg ne dostoetls agegins.
Mrçcoags
:6
:7
