Karya Tulis Ilmiah BBLR

Obryb \ucis Icdbj 0=27

2

@B@ I ]NFLBJ^C^BF

B. Cbtbr @ncbobfg ]rkgrbd pnd`bfgufbf Iflkfnsib `nrtuaubf dnfifgobtobf Iflkfnsib snabjtnrb lbf snjbt, dbob uftuo dncbosbfbobf prkgrbd tnrsnùt pndnriftbj `nrupbyb dbosidbc uftuo dnfurufobf bfgob onsboitbf lbf bfgob ondbtibf (Lnpons, 0=2>). @nrlbsbrobf prkeic onsnjbtbf Iflkfnsib 0=2> dnfynùtobf bfgob ondbtibf dbsij sbfgbt tifggi tnrutbdb ondbtibf iù lbf bfbo. Ondbtibf pblb iù tnrabli pblb sbbt s bbt dncbjirobf obrnfb tnrabli okdpciobsi, sncbif itu iù ybfg `nrdbsbcbj tnrjblbp onsnjbtbf pblb sbbt jbdic, dnfyn`bòbf `byi ybfg cbjir lbcbd lbc bd onblbbf dnfifggbc btbu bt bu entbc entbc lnbtj. lnbtj. \ntbpi blb augb dncbjirobf bfbo lnfgbf @nrbt @blbf Cbjir Pnflbj (@@CP) (Ondnfons, 0=25). Dnfurut Wkrcl Jnbctj Krgbfisbtikf Krgbfisbtikf (WJK), pblb tbjuf 0=28 jbdpir sndub (9:%) lbri > autb ondbtibf fnkfbtbc

tnrabli li Fngbrb

`nrond`bfg. Cnìj lbri 0/8 ondbtibf pblb `byi blbcbj lnfgbf onablibf @@CP ybitu `nrbt `blbf cbjir ourbfg lbri 0>== grbd. ]rnvbcnfsi `byi `nrbt cbjir rnflbj (@@CP) lipnroirbobf 2>% lbri sncuruj oncbjirbf li lufib lnfgbf `btbsbf 88%-8:% lbf snrifg tnrabli li fngbrb-fngbrb `nrond`bfg btbu sksibc nokfkdi rnflbj. Bfgob ondbtibf `byi li Iflkfnsib dnrupbobf ybfg tnrtifggi li`bflifg fngbrb-fngbrb BXNBF cbiffyb. Bfgob ondbtibf `byi li Iflkfnsib ducbi 0==: `nroisbr 0<: pnr

2

Bopnr Onslbd UI/\bfaufgpurb @bfabrdbsif

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0

2==.=== oncbjirbf jilup, snlbfgobf Dbcbysib ybfg tnrhbtbt bfgob ondbtibf <2 `byi pnr 2==.=== oncbjirbf jilup, \jbicbfl sn`bfybo << cbjir dbti pnr 2==.=== oncbjirbf jilup lbf ]jicipjifb 27= pnr 2==.=== oncbjirbf jilup (Yuli, 0=2>). \ifggifyb bfgob onablibf @@CP li Iflkfnsib lisn`bòbf `bfybo ebotkr sbcbj sbtufyb blbcbj iù ybfg dncbjirobf pblb usib lifi, ontilbodbtbfgbf rbjid dnrupbobf sbcbj sbtu ebotkr dncbjirobf `byi lnfgbf `nrbt `blbf rnflbj (Dkncko, 0=25). Jbc ifi snsubi lnfgbf jbsic pnfncitibf (Xurybti, 0=2<) dnfynùtobf `bjwb sbcbj sbtu ebotkr e botkr pnfyn`b` `byi @@CP pblb iù ybfg dncbjirobf usib 30= tbjuf. Li wicbybj Iflkfnsib iù ybfg dncbjirobf usib 30= tbjuf dbsij sbfgbt tifggi, ybitu li lbnrbj Abwb, Xudbtnrb, Xucbwnsi lbf Obcidbftbf. Li lbnrbj Obcidbftbf Xncbtbf iù ybfg dncbjirobf `byi lnfgbf obsus @@CP sn`bfybo 87,>% (Jilbzbt, nt bc., 0=28). Xncbif itu onablibf @@CP li obùpbtnf @bfabr pblb tbjuf 0=2< `nraudcbj 89> krbfg (Iojwbfsybj, 0=2<). @byi

ybfg

licbjirobf

lnfgbf

`nrbt

`blbf

cbjir

rnflbj

dnfyn`bòbf dulbjfyb tnrsnrbfg pnfyboit, obrnfb sistnd iduf pblb `byi tnrsnùt `ncud sndpurfb, snjifggb dnrnob cnìj rnftbf tnrsnrbfg virus, `botnri, btbu krgbfisdn cbif ybfg dnfyn`bòbf ifenosi (\ieebfy, 0=27). @byi `nrbt cbjir rnflbj dnrupbobf pnrdbsbcbjbf ybfg snrifg lijblbpi pblb pnrbwbtbf `byi `bru cbjir. c bjir. \ifggifyb bfgob @byi @nrbt Cbjir Pnflbj (@@CP) dnfabli pnrdbsbcbjbf tnrsnfliri `bgi tnfbgb onsnjbtbf. Xnoitbr


























8

pnrtbdb onjilupbf `byi. @@CP dndnrcuobf pnrbwbtbf ybfg iftnfsie sbdpbi `nrjbsic dnfhbpbi okflisi stbìc (@cbhowncc & Hbttbfnk, 0==5 ? lbcbd Xbilbj nt bc, 0=22). @nrlbsbrobf jbsic tndubf li Pudbj Xboit ^dud Lbnrbj (PX^L) ^cif @bfabrdbsif obsus @@CP lbpbt licijbt pblb tb`nc li `bwbj ifi \b`nc 2.2 Bfgob onablibf obsus @@CP li Pubfgbf \nrbtbi PX^L ^cif @bfabrdbsif tbjuf 0=25 Fk 2. 0. 8. <. >. 5. 7. :. 9. 2=. 22. 20.

@ucbf Abfubri En`rubri Dbrnt Bpric Dni Aufi Auci Bgustus Xnptnd`nr Kotk`nr Fkvnd`nr Lnsnd`nr Audcbj

Audcbj 8> 0> 0: 00 0< 88 80 <= 87 <> 07 8> 8:8

% 9.2< 5.>8 7.82 >.7< 5.07 :.52 8.>5 2=.<< 9.55 22.7> 7.=< 9.2< 2==

Xud`nr1 Pubfgbf \nrbtbi PX^L ^cif @bfabrdbsif @nrlbsbrobf tb`nc libtbs dnfufauoobf onablibf @@CP li rubfgbf \nrbtbi pblb tbjuf 0=25 `nraudcbj 8:8 krbfg. @nrlbsbrobf jbsic wbwbfhbrb lnfgbf sbcbj sbtu pnrbwbt li sbfb bfgob onablibf tnrsnùt lilbpbtobf lbri `byi ybfg licbjirobf lbri PX^L ^cif lbf sn`bgibf cbgi lilbsbrobf ruauobf lbri `n`nrbpb rudbj sboit li lbnrbj Obcidbftbf Xncbtbf. \b`nc 2.0 Bfgob onablibf obsus @@CP li Pubfgbf \nrbtbi PX^L ^cif @bfabrdbsif @ucbf Abfubri s.l Dni 0=27 Fk 2. 0. 8. <.

@ucbf Abfubri En`rubri Dbrnt Bpric

Audcbj 8> 0> 08 8=

% 0: 0= 29.< 0<


























<

@nrlbsbrobf onlub tb`nc li btbs dnfufauoobf `bjwb obsus @@CP pblb 0=25 `nraudcbj 8:8 krbfg, snlbfgobf pblb tbjuf 0=27 lnfgbf wbotu > ùcbf 20> krbfg. Jbc ifi dnfufauoobf dbsij `bfybofyb onablibf obsus @@CP li Obcidbftbf Xncbtbf. @@CP blbcbj `byi ybfg cbjir lnfgbf `nrbt `blbf ourbfg lbri 0>== grbd tbfpb dndbflbfg dbsb onjbdicbf. @@CP sbfgbt nrbt obitbffyb lnfgbf ondbtibf fnkfbtbc lbf dkrìlitbs, tnrjbd`btfyb pnrtudùjbf lbf pnrond`bfgbf okgfitie, lbf tidùcfyb pnfyboit orkfis li ondulibf jbri. @@CP augb lbpbt `nrlbdpbo snrius tnrjblbp oubcitbs gnfnrbsi dnflbtbfg obrnfb lbpbt dndpnrcbd`bt pnrtudùjbf lbf pnrond`bfgbf bfbo, snjifggb `nrpnfgbruj tnrjblbp pnfurufbf onhnrlbsbf (]rbdkfk & ]brbditb, 0=2>). @byi @@CP dndùtujobf pnrbwbtbf iftnfsie, hnrdbt lbf tnpbt. ]nrbwbtbf ybfg li`nriobf lirbfhbfg uftuo dnfluoufg oncbfgsufgbf jilup `byi @@CP. Onfybtbbf `bjwb pnrbwbtbf iftnfsie ybfg li`nriobf, augb dnfabli sud`nr strns obrnfb stiducbsi ybfg `nrcnìjbf sn`bgbi hkftkj onìsifgbf lbcbd ifou`btkr, vnfticbtkr , pbtinf dkfitkr , prksulnr ifvbsie , pnrpisbjbf lnfgbf krbfg tub (^tbdi, 0=2>). Xtrbtngi dndifidbcobf

pnfgnckcbbf pnfgbruj

cifgoufgbf

cifgoufgbf

pnrbwbtbf

pnrbwbtbf

iftnfsie

ybfg

uftuo

dnd`nriobf

stiducus ybfg `nrcnìjbf sbfgbt liùtujobf. Xtrbtngi ybfg lbpbt lihbpbi dncbcui bsujbf pnrond`bfgbf ybfg lisnùt lnvnckpdnftbc hbrn hbrn ybitu bsujbf ybfg dndebsicitbsi pnrond`bfgbf `byi dncbcui pnfgnckcbbf


























>

cifgoufgbf ybfg blnoubt ybfg bobf dnfifgobtobf stbìcisbsi eisikckgi lbf pnfurufbf strns `byi (@ynrs, 0==5? Piho, 0==5 0==5 ? lbcbd ^tbdi, 0=2>). ]nfgnckcbbf cifgoufgbf lbcbd

lnvnckpdnftbc hbrn hbrn tnrsnùt

libftbrbfyb dnciputi pnd`nribf pnfutup ifou`btkr uftuo dndifidbcobf pnfhbjbybbf,

pnd`nribf

fnstifg btbu

sbrbfg

uftuo

dnfbdpufg

pnrgnrbobf ybfg `nrcnìjbf lbf dnd`nri `byi tndpbt ybfg

fybdbf,

pnfgbturbf pksisi ecnosi uftuo dndpnrtbjbfobf fkrdbcitbs `btbfg tuùj lbf dnfluoufg rngucbsi (Onffnr & Dh Grbtj, 0==). Xncbif itu `n`nrbpb `nftuo iftnrvnfsi lbri lnvnckpdnftbc hbrn hbrn cbiffyb lbcbd `nftuo dndifidbcisir dndùob btbupuf dnfutup ifou`btkr btbu difidbc jbflcifg uftuo jbc ybfg tilbo pnrcu, hcustnrnl hbrn hbrn btbu dndusbtobf `n`nrbpb tiflbobf lbcbd abd - abd tnrtnftu btbu pnfgblbbf abd tnfbfg, ]nrbwbtbf Dntkln Obfguru (]DO) btbu soif tk soif hkftbht (Ocbuss & Ebfbrkee, 0==9? lbcbd ^tbdi, 0=2>). @. Pudusbf Dbsbcbj @nrlbsbrobf

pnrdbsbcbjbf

li

btbs,

dbob

pnfucis

tnrtbrio

dncbouobf stuli obsus lnfgbf –@bgbidbfbobj –@ bgbidbfbobj—— gbd`brbf –]ncbosbfbbf –]ncbosbfbbf Lnvnckpdnftbc Hbrn Hbrn pblb Bsujbf Onpnrbwbtbf @byi @nrbt @blbf Cbjir Pnflbj (@@CP) li Pubfg \nrbtbi, PX^L ^cif @bfabrdbsif—. @bfabrdbsif —. H. \uaubf ]nfncitibf ^ftuo dnfgntbjui bpb sbab gbd`brbf bsujbf onpnrbwbtbf `byi @@CP tnrjblbp Lnvnckpdnftbc Hbrn Hbrn (Bsujbf ]nrond`bfgbf) lbf uftuo dnfgntbjui tifgobt on`nrjbsicbf lbri pnd`nribf stiducus tnrjblbp `byi


























5

snrtb uftuo dnfifgobtobf oubcitbs pnd`nribf bsujbf onpnrbwbtbf `byi @@CP lnfgbf bsujbf pnrond`bfgbf (lnvnckpdnftbc ( lnvnckpdnftbc hbrn). hbrn). L. Dbfebbt ]nfncitibf ]nfucisbf obryb tucis ifi lijbrbpobf lbpbt dnd`nriobf dbfebbt `bgi 1 2. @bgi Krbfgtub @byi Lbpbt dnd`bftu krbfg tub `byi lbcbd dnfluoufg pnd`nribf bsujbf onpnrbwbtbf lbcbd pnrond`bfgbf `byi. 0. @bgi Dbsybrbobt Lbpbt

dnd`bftu

dnfbd`bj

pnfgntbjubf

tnftbfg

bsujbf

pnrond`bfgbf pblb `byi @@CP. @@CP. 8. @bgi ]nfnciti Lbpbt dnfbd`bj pnfgntbjubf tnftbfg bsujbf pnrond`bfgbf (lnvnckpdnftbc hbrn) hbrn) pblb `byi @@CP @@CP lbf dnfbd`bj pnfgbcbdbf cbfgsufg lbcbd prksns bsujbf onpnrbwbtbf pblb `byi @@CP. <. @bgi ]nd`bhb lbf ]nfnciti Xncbfautfyb @bgi pnd`bhb lbpbt dnfbd`bj pnfgntbjubf lbf lbpbt dnfabli rnenrnfsi `bgi pnfucis sncbfautfyb. >. @bgi \nfbgb Onsnjbtbf Lbpbt

dnfgntbjui

lbf

dnfbd`bj

pnfgbtjubf

lnvnckpdnftbc hbrn uftuo hbrn uftuo dnfguplbtn icdu pnfgntbjubffyb.

tnftbfg




























7

@B@ II \IFAB^BF ]^X\BOB

B. Okfsnp Lbsbr @byi @@CP 2. Lneifisi Dnfurt WJK (2952), dnflneifisobf `byi `nrbt `blbf cbjir rnflbj blbcbj `byi `bru cbjir lnfgbf `nrbt `blbf ourbfg btbu sbdb lnfgbf 0.>== grbd, snlbfgobf `byi lnfgbf `nrbt `blbf ourbfg lbri 2.>== grbd tnrdbsuo `byi lnfgbf `nrbt `blbf cbjir sbfgbt rnflbj (Dbryufbfi, 0=28). @@CP blbcbj `byi ybfg `bru cbjir lnfgbf `nrbt `blbf ourbfg lbri 0.>== grbd tbfpb dndbflbfg dbsb onjbdicbf.

0. Ntikckgi Dnfurut Brie lbf Oristiybfbsbri (0==9? lbcbd ^tbdi 0=2>) @@CP lbpbt lisn`bòbf kcnj `n`nrbpb ebotkr 1 b.

Ebotkr Iù 2) ]nfyboit


























:

8) Onblbbf Xksibc Nokfkdi Onablibf tnrtifggi tnrlbpbt pblb tifgobt sksibc nokfkdi rnflbj, jbc ifi lisn`bòbf obrnfb onblbbf gizi ybfg ourbfg `bio lbf pnfgbwbsbf bftnfbtbc ybfg ourbfg. ourbfg. <) Ebotkr Cbif Iù pnrkoko, iù pndifud

bcokjkc, lbf pnhbflu k`bt k`bt

fbroktio. `.

Ebotkr Abfif Jilrbdfikf, onjbdicbf gbflb, lbf oncbifbf orkdkskd.

h.

Ebotkr Cifgoufgbf \ndpbt tifggbc li lbtbrbf tifggi, rblibsi lbf zbt-zbt rbhuf.

8. \bflb lbf Gnabcb @byi @@CP Lbcbd ùou Dbryufbfi (0=28) tbflb lbf gnabcb `byi @@CP blbcbj sn`bgbi `nriout 1 b. ^dur onjbdicbf sbdb lnfgbf btbu ourbfg lbri 87 difggu. `. @nrbt `blbf sbdb lnfgbf btbu ourbfg lbri 0.>== grbd. h. @nftuo `blbf `blbf tbdpbo sbfgbt dnfykcko1 onpbcb lbf `blbf jbdpir


























9

j. Cifgobr lblb sbdb lnfgbf btbu ourbfg lbri 8= hd. i.

Pbdùt (rbdùt jbcus / cndùt) dbsij `bfybo litnduobf tnrutbdb li pufggufg.

a.

^ùf-uùf `nsbr (ekftbfnc), pblb jbri pnrtbdb bgbo onhic, tntbpi dboif cbdb dboif `nsbr dnfabli cnìj `nsbr lbripblb ybfg fkrdbc.

o. Oucit, lidbfb abrifgbf cndbo suòutbf tipis btbu ourbfg, snjifggb oucit tipis 1 2) ]ndùcuj lbrbj tnrcijbt jbfyb li `bwbj oucit. 0) Oblbfg-oblbfg lbpbt cbjir lnfgbf nlndb tnrutbdb pblb nostrnditbs. 8) Oucitfyb oncijbtbf onriput lbf blbfyb lnsqubdbsi ybfg tilbo `ngitu `bfybo, snlbfgobf cbfugk cbfugk bgbo `bfybo. c.

\ucbfg rbwbf lbuf tncifgb `ncud sndpurfb pnrtudùjbffyb, snjifggb snkcbj-kcbj tilbo tnrb`b tucbfg rbwbf lbuf tncifgb.

d. \udit dnfgoicbp, tncbpbo oboi jbcus. Pbabj tncbpbo oboi ourbfg lbri 2/8 `bgibf btbu `ncud tnr`nftuo. f. Bcbt Oncbdif 2) ]blb @byi Cboi-Cboi


























2=

`) Oblbfg-oblbfg

cbìb

dbykrb

jbdpir

tilbo

blb/tilbo

tbdpbo, snjifggb cbìb difkrb lbf ocitkris oncijbtbf dnfkfakc, lbf tbdpbo rncbtie `nsbr, ifi dnfyn`bòbf vucvbfyb tnrùob. h) ]blb `byi dbtur wbfitb, tnrlbpbt snornt oncubr lbri vucvb ybfg oblbfg-oblbfg blb lishjbrgn / hbirbf ybfg `nrlbrbj, snlbfgobf pblb `byi @@CP jbc ifi tilbo tnrcijbt. k. \kfus ktkt cndbj snjifggb `byi ourbfg botie lbf pnrgnrbobffyb cndbj p. Eufgsi sbrbe ybfg `ncud btbu ourbfg dbtbfg, dnfgboi`btobf rnecnos jisbp, dnfncbf `btuo dbsij cndbj btbu tilbo nenotie lbf tbfgoisbffyb cndbj. q. Abrifgbf oncnfabr dbdbn dbsij ourbfg boi`bt pnrtudùjbf abrifgbf cndbo dbsij ourbfg. Lbcbd jbc ifi, abrifgbf pbyulbrb `ncud tnrcijbt, putifg dbsij `nrupb titio. r.

Unfios tilbo blb btbu ourbfg.

s. Oblbfg lisnrtbi lnfgbf pnrfbebsbf tilbo tnrbtur. t.

Botivitbs lbf tbfgisbffyb cndbj.


























22

<. ]btkeisikckgi Lbcbd ùou Dbryufbfi (0=28) uftuo pbtkeisikckgi `byi @@CP blbcbj sn`bgbi `nriout 1 b. ]nfgnflbcibf Xuju @byi @@CP hnflnrufg dndicioi suju ybfg b`fkrdbc ybitu 1 2) @byi

@@CP

hnflnrufg

dndicioi

suju

ybfg

b`fkrdbc

lisn`bòbf kcnj prkluosi pbfbs ybfg ùruo lbf pnfifgobtbf onjicbfgbf pbfbs. 0) Ongbgbcbf uftuo dnfgjbsicobf pbfbs ybfg blnoubt lisn`bòbf tilbo blbfyb abrifgbf blipksb hkocbt (ybfg dndpufybi botivitbs dntb`kcio ybfg tifggi), pnrfbebsbf ybfg cndbj lnfgbf pnd`bobrbf kosignf ybfg ùruo, lbf dbsuobf dbobfbf ybfg rnflbj. 8) Onjicbfgbf pbfbs ybfg dnfifgobt obrnfb blbfyb pnrduobbf tuùj ybfg rncbtie `nsbr lbf tilbo blbfyb cndbob suòutbf, tilbo blbfyb pnfgbturbf pbfbs `byi sn`bgibf lisn`bòbf kcnj pbfbs iddbturn lbri pusbt pnfgbtur pbfbs lbf sn`bgibf boi`bt ongbgbcbf uftuo dnd`nriobf rnspkf tnrjblbp stiducus lbri cubr.




























20

]btkeisikcgi pblb `byi @@CP uftuo sistnd pnfhnrfbbf blbcbj sn`bgbi `nriout 1 2) Xndboif rnflbj udur gnstbsi, dbob sndboif onhic / cndbj rnecnos dnfgjisbp lbf dnfncbf, `byi ybfg pbcifg onhic tilbo dbdpu difud snhbrb nenotie, rngurgitbsi dnrupbobf jbc ybfg pbcifg snrifg tnrabli, jbc ifi lisn`bòbf lisn `bòbf kcnj obrnfb dnobfisdn pnfutupbf spifgtnr pickrus ybfg snhbrb rncbtie oubt. 0) ]nfhnrfbbf tnrgbftufg lbri pnrond`bfgbf bcbt pnfhnrfbbf, cbdùfg lbri snkrbfg `byi lnfgbf `nrbt 9== gr dndpnrtc ijbtobf blbfyb snlioit cipbtbf duoksb, gcbflucb snorntkris, lndioibf augb ktkt ourbfg `nrond`bfg. `nrond`bfg. 8) ]nrktktbf usus ybfg cndbj dnfgbrbj pblb tidùcfyb listnfsi lbf rntnfsi `bjbf ybfg li hnrfb. <) Jnpbr rncbtie `nsbr, tntbpi ourbfg `nrond`bfg, tnrutbdb pblb


























28

onourbfg BXI, obr`kjilrbt `nftuo gcuoksb, obr`kjilrbt ybfg dulbj lisnrbp. h. Xistnd ]nrfbebsbf ]btkeisikckgi pblb sistnd pnrfbebsbf @byi @@CP lbpbt liurbiobf sn`bgbi `nriout 1 2) Cnìj pnflno dbsb gnstbsi dbob sndboif ourbfg pnrond`bfgbf pbru-pbru pblb `byi lnfgbf `nrbt `nr bt 9== grbd. Bcvnkci hnflnrufg onhic lnfgbf blbfyb snlioit pndùj lbrbj ybfg dnfgncicifgi strkdb sncucnr. 0) Xndboif dbtur `byi lbf cnìj `nrbt `blbffyb dbob sndboif `nsbr bcvnkci. ]blb jboiobtfyb liflifgfyb li`nftuo kcnj obpicnr, ktkt pnrfbebsbf `byi cndbj lbf pusbt pnrfbebsbf ourbfg `nrond`bfg. 8) \nrlbpbt augb onourbfg cipk prktnif pbru-pbru, ybitu surebotbf


























2<

5) Xbcurbf jilfufg sbfgbt onhic lbf dnfgbcbdi hilnrb `nrtbjbp, duoksb fbsbc dulbj tnrabli, jbc ifi pnftifg liifgbt uftuo dndbsuobf tbùfg fbskgbstrio btbu nflktrbonbc dncbcui jilufg. 7) Onhnpbtbf pnrfbebsbf `nrvbribsi pblb sndub fnkfbtus lbf `byi @@CP. ]blb `byi fnkfbtus pblb onblbbf istirbjbt, dbob onhnpbtbf pnrfbebsbf lbpbt 5=-:= obci / dnfit `nrbfgsufgbfgsur dnfuruf dnfhbpbi onhnpbtbf ybfg dnflnobti ìbsb ybitu 8<-85 obci / dnfit. l. Xistnd Xiroucbsi ]btkeisikckgi pblb sistnd siroucbsi `byi @@CP lbpbt liurbiobf sn`bgbi `nriout 1 2) Abftufg rncbtie onhic pblb sbbt cbjir, pblb `n`nrbpb `byi @@CP onrabfyb cbd`bt lbf cndbj. 0) \nrablifyb nrostrbsistkcn lbf ìsifg ybfg lbpbt lilnfgbr pblb


























2>

5= ddJg. \nobfbf libstkcio snhbrb prkpksikfbc rnflbj, `nrvbribsi lbri 8=-<> ddJg. >) Fbli `nrvbribsi bftbrb 2==-25= obci / dnfit hnflnrufg litnduobf britdib, lbf uftuo dndpnrkcnj subrb ybfg tnpbt dbob libfaurobf uftuo dnflnfgbr pblb ln`brbf bpnos lnfgbf dnfggufbobf sntksokp. n. Xistnd ^rifbrius ]btkeisikckgi pblb sistnd pnrsbrbebf `byi @@CP, lbpbt liurbiobf sn`bgbi `nriout 1 2) ]nrond`bfgbf susufbf sbrbe sn`bgibf `nsbr tnrgbftufg pblb lnrbabt dbturitbs, pusbt pnfgnflbci eufgsi vitbc, disbcfyb pnrfbebsbf, suju tuùj lbf pusbt pusbt rnecnos ourbfg `nrond`bfg. 0) Pnecnos snpnrti rnecnos cnjnr tkfio litnduobf pblb `byi @@CP fkrdbc, tntbpi rnecnos cnflkf `nrvbribsi obrnfb pnrond`bfgbf


























25

g. Xistnd ]nfgiflrbbf (]nfgcijbtbf) ]btkeisikcgki pblb sistnd pnfgiflrbbf (pnfgcijbtbf) `byi @@CP, lbpbt liurbiobf sn`bgbi `nriout 1 2) Dbturitbs euflus utnri pblb gnstbsi snoitbr 8< difggu, tnrlbpbt blbfyb 0 stbliud pnrond`bfgbf ybfg lbpbt liontbjui ybiut iddbtur lbf trbfsisikfbc (pnrbcijbf) ybfg tnrabli bftbr 0< lbf 88-8< difggu. 0) Xncbdb sntbjuf stbliud ifi `byi ìsb dnfabli ùtb aiob li`nriobf kosignf lbcbd okfsnftrbsi ybfg tifggi uftuo wbotu ybfg cbdb. (Dbryufbfi, 0=28)




























27

]btjwby @byi @@CP Ntikckgi

Ebotkr Abfif

Ebotkr Iù

Ebotkr Cifgoufgbf

@@CP

]nrduobbf rncbtie cnìj cubs

Abrifgbf cndbo suòutbf

]nfgubpbf `nrcnìj

]rndbturitbs

]ndbpbrbf

cnìj tipis

Eufgsi krgbf-krgbf `ncud `bio


























2:

>. Okdpciobsi Lbcbd ùou Dbryufbfi (0=28) okdpciobsi ybfg ìsb tnrabli pblb `byi @@CP lnfgbf gnabcb-gnabcb udud btbu tbflb ocifi ybfg ìbsb tnrabli pblb `byi @@CP `nriout ifi 1 b. Jipktnrdib \bflb Ocifis Jipktnrdib bftbrb cbif 1 2) Xuju tuùj li`bwbj fkrdbc 0) Oucit lifgif 8) Borbc lifgif


























29

7) Oncudpujbf btbu cntbrgi :) \nrlbpbt gnrbobf pusbt dbtb 9) Onrifgbt lifgif 2=) Jipktnrdib 22) Gbgbc abftufg lbf jnfti abftufg (snrifg `nr`bgbi gnabcb dufhuc `nrsbdb-sbdb) l. ]nrlbrbjbf iftrb orbfibc \bflb lbf gnabcb ocifis pnrlbrbjbf iftrborbfibc 1 2) Ongbgbcbf udud uftuo `nrgnrbo fkrdbc


























0=

sncbif itu obrnfb oucit lbf sncbput cnflir dnd`rbf tilbo dndicioi pnrciflufgbf snpnrti `byi huoup ùcbf. e.

Jipnrìciruìfndib \bflb ocifis jipnrìciruìfndib bftbrb cbif 1 2) Xocnrb, pufhbo jilufg, snoitbr ducut, lblb, pnrut, nostrnditbs `nrwbrfb oufifg. 0) Cntbrgi 8) Ondbdpubf dnfgjisb dnfuruf <) Onabfg


























02

<) Xuju ifou`btkr lbpbt liturufobf 2 ½ pnr difggu uftuo `byi li btbs 0 og >) @icb ifou`btkr tilbo blb, pndbfbsbf lbpbt licbouobf lnfgbf dndùfgous `byi lbf dncntboobf `ktkc-`ktkc jbfgbt li snoitbrfyb. `. \nrbpi kosignf lbf `bftubf vnfticbsi vnfticbsi (aiob pnrcu). h. Dndpnrtbjbfobf onsnid`bfgbf hbirbf lbf ncnotrkcit 1 \nrbpi hbirbf lbf ncnotrkcit jbrus dnfggbtfiobf IWC ( Ifsnfsi`cn Wbtnr Ckss) Ckss ) snrtb dndpnrbtbjbfobf jilrbsi ybfg `bio snrtb okfsnftrbsi gcuoksb lbf




























00

`) ]nrbwbt btbu lnfgbf dnfifggiobf onpbcb llbf `bju 8= ½ li tndpbt tilur `byi. h) ]blb wbotu difud jbrus lipnrjbtiobf bpbobj `byi dnfabli ìru, blb gbfggubf pnrfbebsbf pnrfbebsbf btbu pnrut gndùfg. l) ^ftuo dnfhngbj pnrut gndùfg, `byi li`nri difud snlioit


























08

e) ]ntugbs dndbobi pbobibf ybfg tncbj lisnlibobf. g) ]nfgufaufg jbfyb `kcnj dncijbt lbri obhb. 8) ]nfbfgbfbf Ifenosi 1 b) ]nfbfgbfbf ifenosi bftiìktio ybfg tnpbt. `) Bftiìktiob

spnotrud

cubs

lbpbt

li`nriobf

aiob

blb


























0<

0) ]nrfbebsbf tilbo tnrbtur lnfgbf ecbrifg fbsbc (fbsbc dncn`br) lnfgourbf, rntrbosi (iftnrokstbc, suprb stnrfbc, su`stnrfbc). 8) \nrlnfgbr subrb gndnrisio pblb busouctbsi pbru-pbru. <) \boipfnb sndnftbrb lbpbt licijbt, ojususfyb sntncbj oncbjirbf hnsbräb btbu pnrsnftbsi `kokfg.


























0>

`) @byi cboi-cboi sorktud ybfg dnfkakc lnfgbf rugbn onhic, tnsti `ncud turuf lisorktud. 0) ^rifbrib 1 b) @nrondij sntncbj : abd oncbjirbf. `) Ontilbodbdpubf uftuo dncbrutobf nosrnsi onlbcbd urifn.


























05

@byi @@CP dulbj dnfgbcbdi jipktnrdib, kcnj sn`b` itu suju tuùjfyb tilbo jbrus lipnrtbjbfobf. j. ]nfgobaibf Oucit 2) ]blb `byi @@CPdndpufybi blbfyb tbflb-tbflb oucit tbdpbo dnfgoicbt lbf onrifg. Oucit `nrwbrfb dnrbj, dnrbj dulb,




























07


























0:


























09


























8=


























82


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































50

iù

dncbouobf

pnflnobtbf lnfgbf `byi 2<.==

2. Xuju `byi \ 1 85.7½H 0. Fbli lbf fbpbs F 1 225 x/d, P 1 >5 x/d 8.

Wbrfb

oucit

tilbo puhbt <. @ibrobf `byi lbcbd lbf

ifou`btkr li`bwbj

ifebft wbrdnr 8

Ontilbonenotiebf

Xntncbj

2. K`snrvbsi

2. Xupbyb

pnd`nribf BXI `.l.

li`nriobf

pkcb dnfgjisbp

lnfgbf oncntijbf `byi,

bsujbf

rnecnos dnfgisbp ybfg

onpnrbwbtbf

tilbo blnoubt, lbf

sncbdb 8 x 0<

dnfgjibp

pnd`nribf dbobf

abd

`byi

ybfg tnrputus btbu

lijbrbpobf

0. Obai

tilbo snrifg,

pnd`nribf BXI

ondbdpubf

=9.==

Pnecno

X 1 Fy. Y dnfgbtbobf

dnfgntbju

dnfgjisbp

`byi dbsij `ncud dbu

lbf dnfncbf

i sn`nrbpb

`byi

dnfgjisbp

`byi.

`bgus pkcb

blb

0. Dnd`bftu `byi lbcbd


2.

`ncud

susufyb.

0. Dnd`nriobf bsi

puttifg

8=

hh

K 1 ocinf dbsij tbdpbo dbsij

tilbo

dbu

lnfgbf spuit

dnfgisbp

puttifg

susu

2= hh snhbrb

iùfyb.
















58

litbflbfgi lnfgbf 1

cbfhbr onpblb

`byi lbcbd

`ncbabr

LX1 Fy. Y dngbtbobf

`byi lnfgbf

dnfgjisbp

dnfgjisbp

`byifyb tilbo dbu

oritnrib jbsic1

putifg susu iù

puttifg

lbf pnrtbjbfobf

susu

dnfgjisbp putifg

<. @byi

pnrcbjbf 22.==

B

2. Pnecno

dbsij

tilbo

lbpbt

hbrb dnfncbf

lbf

onìbsbbbf li`nriobf

dnfgjisb

`byi ybfg

dnd`bftu

lkt

p BXI

blnoubt.

`byi

bsi

LK1

lnfgbf

supbyb

lnfgbf spuit

b. @byi Fy. Y tbdpbo

`bio.

`ncbabr

2= hh snhbrb

dnfncbf

pnrcbjbf

>. ]nd`nrib

blb

snpnrti tilbo ìbsb

f BXI

ybfg

lnfgbf puttifg susu

ybfg

blnoubt.

iùfyb, jbfyb dbu

tnrbtur

8. Babrobf iù 8. Bgbr

li`nrniobf BXI lnfgbf

kcnj iù.

uftuo

spuit snhbrb pnrcbjbf.

iù

tntbp

5. Onpubsbf `nrsndbfgbt lbcbd

8=

hh

dbsij

`ncud blb

`nrtbjbf

bsi

hh

lbf

lnfgbf spuit

`. @byi Fy. Y tbdpbo

iù lbpbt

cbd`bt ìcb difud

dnd`nrio pnd`nribf BXI

`nrusbjb

2= hh snhbrb

susu obrnfb rnecno

bf BXI

uftuo

pnrcbjbf

tncbf ybfg `ncud

onpblb

sndbfgbt

blnoubt.

`byifyb.

dnfysuui

onpblb `byi.

`byifyb abli

iù


0. `nriobf bsi dncbcui spuit snhbrb pnrcbjbf 8. bfaurobf iù uftuo dbobfbf

ybfg dnfbd`bj bir susu iù <. ancbsobf tnftbfg susu

0. Dnd`nriobf 2=

`byi

dbobf,

2. Pnecno jisbp `byi

2. Hno rnecno btbu ondbdpubf jisbp

0. Dnd`nriobf

28.==

`ncud

] 1 cbfautobf iftnrvnfsi

susufyb obrnfb sulbj

onjbusbf fbduf

dbsbcbj

tnrbtbsi

dnfgjisbp iù

1

ekrducb lipnrcuobf

aiob
















5<

tilbo `nrputus bsb.

Ocinf 0

2

Ontilbonenotiebf

Xntncbj

2. Dbfbandnf

2.

Dnd`bftu

`nrsijbf abcbf

fbebs

li`nriobf

abcbf fbpbs 1

dnfabgb

`.l.

abcbf

bsujbf

dndebsicitbs

onpbtnfbf

fbebs, litbflbi lnfgbf1

onpnrbwbtbf

i onpbtnfbf

abcbf

fbebs

LX1-

sncbdb

abcbf ulbrb.

bgbr

`byi

LK1

k`struosi

@byi

Fy.

8x0<

X abd

tbdpbo suobr `nrfbebs

lijbrbpobf

PP 1 5> x / dnfit

pbsinf dbdpu

0. ]nfgisbpbf

=9.==

2.

Xuju

tuùj

`byi

K 1 fbebs `byi ducbi

\ 1 85.<½H 0.

Fbli

tnrbtur lbf

fbpbs

`nrfbebs

F 1 22= x/d,

lnfgbf cbfhbr.

P 1 70 x/d

0.

Dndùob

X1 -

Ocinf

dbsij

cndbj \ 1 85.8½H F 1 20=x/d

8. Dncntboobf

P 1 >>x/d

dnfufauoobf

sputud li

onpbtnfbf

`byi li`bwbj

B

`nrsijbf abcbf

abcbf fbpbs

abcbf

ifebft wbrdnr

sn`bgibf

fbpbs

dnfggufbob

snjifggb `byi

f suhtikf.

lbpbt `nrfbebs

`byi

jbsic

lnfgbf

rubfgbf

tuùj

sn`bgbi `nriout

dulbj.

lnfgbf

abd

8.

kosignf ybfg

ybfg

nenotie lnfgbf oritnrib

1

8. Okcb`krbsi,

fbebs,

Dnd`bftu

<. Dncntboobf

l. \ilbo blb

`nriobf

]nrfbebsbf

tnrpbftbu

subrb fbpb

kosignf

`byi.

lnfgbf `bio


tbdpbo

1

dbsbcbj

tnrbtbsi

] 1 cbfautobf iftnrvnfsi li

2. k`snrvbsi

suju

sntibp

0

0. k`snrvbsi fbli lbf fbpbs 8. pnrjbtiobf

wbrfb
















5>

n.

tbd`bjbf

ybfg tncbj

(dis., rbcn,

lijudilieio

hrbhocn,

bsi

rkfoi, lbf

(licnd`bpob

dnfgi)

f) snsubi

F 1 22=x/d,

dncbouobf

\ilbo

onùtujbf.

P 1 5>x/d

`nrucbfg.

tnrlbpbt

e.

22.==

2.

Xuju

tuùj

`byi

<. bfaurobf \ 1 85.:½H

<. Babrobf

0. Fbli lbf fbpbs

Dnfabgb `byi

uftuo dnfggnflkfg bfbofyb

lbf ODH

>. cntboobf

`byi

`nlkfgbffyb

li`bwbj

ifebft

oncubrgb

lbri

`nrcnìj.

uftuo tilbo

cifgoufgbf

\ilbo

dnrkoko

ybfg

tntbp jbfgbt

gncisbj.

ontiob

dnfggbfggu

lbf

`nrblb

pnrfbesbffyb.

licbouobf

<. ]bstiobf `byi

lisnoitbr

ODH lnfgbf

pbsinf.

fnfno

`byi

ybfg lbtbfg. 2.

Xuju

tuùj

`byi \ 1 87.= ½ 0.Fbli lbf fbpbs F 1 2=5x/d, P 1 5= x/d 8. Wbrfb


fnfno

8. @byi li ùob

sputud

20.==

oucit

oucit

wbrdnr
















55

ondnrbjbf <. \bruj

`byi

ond`bci

li

li`bwbj ifebft wbrdnr >. Dndìbrobf fnfno dncbouobf pnflnobtbf lnfgbf `byi 2<.==

2. Xuju `byi \ 1 85.7½H 0. Fbli lbf fbpbs F 1 225 x/d, P 1 >5 x/d 8.

Wbrfb

oucit

tilbo puhbt <. @nlkfg @byi <. @ibrobf `byi li`bwbj wbrdnr


ifebft


















57

0

Xuju tuùj,

Xntncbj

ontilbosnid`bfgbf

li`nriobf

suju,

dnfabgb suju

\ 1 85.<½H

`.l. idbturitbs sistnd

bsujbf

dnfhbpbi

tuùj `byi sbbt

0. fbli lbf fbpbs

rngucbsi suju `byi `bru

onpnrbwbtbf

btbu

li

cbjir, litbflbi lnfgbf 1

sncbdb 2 x 0<

dndpnrtbjb pbpbrbf

LX1 -

abd

fobf suju

lijbrbpobf

tuùj lbcbd

`byi

LK1

suju tuùj

`btbs

ifebft wbrdnr

-@byi Fy. X tnrlnfgbr

lbpbt `ntbjbf

fkrdbc

<.

dnfbfgis, suju 8>,:

blnoubt

(dis,

`byi

lnfgbf oritnrib

Obfgguru

jbsic1

Dktjnr

2. \ilbo

Hbrn /

tnrabli

ODH)

k

H

-@byi

Fy.

k`snrvbsi lbjucu

X

li

tnrcnìj sn`ncud

licbouobf ODH.

pnfifgobtbf

Xuju 87.= kH

btbu pnfurufbf

2. Pngucbsi

2.

Dnd`bftu

=9.==

2. suju tuùj `byi

ecuotubsi suju

li cubr Pbjid.

K 1 Xuju `byi ducbi

Ocinf

P 1 >5 x/d

cndbj \ 1 85.7½H

li`bwbj

F 1 22=x/d

Xuju

tuùj

dbsbcbj

tnrbtbsi


tuùj

0. Dnfgntbjui

F 1 22=x/d,

tbflb-tbflb

ìcb

P 1 5>x/d

vitbc.

blbfyb

8.

1

2. k`snrvbsi

0. Fbli lbf fbpbs

suju

B

sn`bgibf

\ 1 85.:½H

tnrabli

tbdpbo

P 1 >=x/d

Dnfynciduti

2.

dbsij

Dncntboobf

`byi

0. ]ndbftbubf

`nrblb li fkrdbc

F 1 22= x/d,

8.

22.==

X1 -

@byi

suju

sntibp

0

abd 0. k`snrvbsi fbli lbf fbpbs

li

wbrfb

suju tuùj.

jipktnrdi

oncubrobf

0. \ilbo

btbupuf

ifou`btkr

`nronrifgbt,

jipnrtnrdi.

<. ]bstiobf `byi

uftuo dnfggnflkfg

8.

tntbp jbfgbt lbf

bfbofyb

licbouobf

dncbouobf

dnfggigic, lbf dnriflifg.

8. Okcb`krbsi pnd`nribf

Dnd`bftu

dnfurufobf


lbri

8. pnrjbtiobf oucit <. bfaurobf

ODH

fnfno

lbf ODH


















5:

8.

k`bt

lndbd

Dndpnrtbjbfo

bftipirntio,

tnrabil

bf \\U lbcbd

aiob

jipnrtnrdi.

`btbs fkrdbc.

lipnrcuobf.

k

Xuju 1 85,> H k

<. Babrobf

ìcb

lnfgbf iù `byi ybfg lbtbfg. 20.==

2.

Xuju

tuùj

Dnd`bftu

\ 1 87.= ½

- 87,> H

oncubrgb

pnrbwbtbf `byi

0.

Fbli

Fbebs 1 <=-5=

tnftbfg

li rudbj abli

fbpbs

x/dnfit

`bgbidbfb

oncubrgb ìssb

F 1 2=5x/d,

pnfbfgbfbf

dncbouobf

P1 5= x/d

aiob tnrabli

pnrbwbtbf

8.

jipnrtnrdi

dbfliri.

ondnrbjbf

Wbrfb

btbu tnrabli

<.

jipktnrdi

ond`bci

\bruj

ifou`btkr li`bwbj

lbf

oucit

`byi li lbf ifebft

wbrdnr >. iù

Dndìbrobf dncbouobf

pnflnobtbf lnfgbf `byi 2<.==

2. Xuju `byi \ 1 85.7½H


>. cntboobf

`byi

li`bwbj

ifebft

wbrdnr

`byi <.

`nrucbfg.


















59

0. Fbli lbf fbpbs F 1 225 x/d, P 1 >5 x/d 8.

Wbrfb

oucit

tilbo puhbt <. @ibrobf `byi lbcbd lbf

ifou`btkr li`bwbj

ifebft wbrdnr 8

Ontilbonenotiebf

Xntncbj

2. K`snrvbsi

2. ^ftuo ìsb

pnd`nribf BXI `.l.

li`nriobf

pkcb dnfgjisbp

dnfgntbjui

ybfg

lnfgbf oncntijbf `byi,

bsujbf

lbf dnfncbf

sn`nrbpb `bgus

blnoubt

dnfgjisbp

rnecnos dnfgisbp ybfg

onpnrbwbtbf

`byi.

pkcb dnfgjibp

0.

susufyb.

tilbo blnoubt, lbf

sncbdb 8 x 0<

`byi

bsi 8= hh lnfgbf

K 1 ocinf dbsij tbdpbo

pnd`nribf dbobf

abd

0. Obai

0.

spuit 2= hh snhbrb

dbsij

tilbo

dbu

ybfg tnrputus btbu

lijbrbpobf

ondbdpubf

`byi

pnrcbjbf

dnfgisbp

puttifg

susu

tilbo snrifg, litbflbi

pnd`nribf BXI `byi lbcbd

`ncbabr

lnfgbf 1

cbfhbr onpblb

dnfgjisbp

dnfgjisbp

dnfgjisbp

LX 1 Fy. X dngbtbobf `byi lnfgbf

putifg susu iù

puttifg

`ncud blnoubt

tnrbtbsi

`byifyb

0.


dnfgjisbp

tilbo

=9.==

Dnd`bftu lbcbd 22.==

susu

X 1 iù ocinf dnfgbtbobf

`ncud `byi dbsij `ncud dbu

Dnd`nriobf

2.

Pnecno ybfg

iùfyb. B

1

dbsbcbj

`ncud

oritnrib jbsic1

lbf pnrtbjbfobf

iù

putifg

2. @byi lbpbt

hbrb dnfncbf

dnd`bftu

bsi 8= hh lnfgbf

2. Hno rnecno btbu

dnfgjisbp

`byi ybfg

`byi

spuit 2= hh snhbrb

ondbdpubf jisbp

supbyb


Dnd`nriobf

puttifg

dbu

susufyb obrnfb sulbj

lbf

2. Pnecno jisbp


















7=

onìbsbbbf

li`nriobf

BXI lnfgbf

blnoubt.

`ncbabr

pnrcbjbf

lkt / spuit.

`bio.

dnfncbf ybfg

LK 1

0. ]nd`nribf

blnoubt.

b. @byi Fy. X tbdpbo

BXI ybfg

8. Babrobf iù

8.

onjbusbf fbduf

tnrbtur kcnj

uftuo

tntbp `nrtbjbf

0.

snpnrti tilbo ìbsb

iù.

`nrsndbfgbt

lbf

bsi 2= hh lnfgbf

ybfg dnfbd`bj bir

lnfgbf puttifg susu

8. Onpubsbf

lbcbd

uftuo

spuit 2= hh snhbrb

susu iù

iùfyb, jbfyb dbu

iù lbpbt

pnd`nribf BXI

sndbfgbt

pnrcbjbf.

li`nrniobf BXI lnfgbf

dnd`nriobf

onpblb `byi.

dnfysuui

spuit.

BXI onpblb

`byifyb

`. @byi Fy. X tbdpbo

`byifyb.

iù

cbd`bt ìcb difud

Bgbr

20.==

`byi

2. Pnecno jisbp `byi ybfg `ncud

iù

blnoubt

`nrusbjb

2<.== abli tilbo

`nrputus bsb.

spuit snhbrb pnrcbjbf 8. bfaurobf iù uftuo

Dnd`nriobf

dbobf,

2. Pnecno jisbp

ekrducb

ybfg

lipnrcuobf

`ncud

blnoubt 0.

Dnd`nriobf

BXI dncbcui spuit

tncbf ybfg `ncud

2=

blnoubt.

pnrcbjbf

hh

dbobfbf

<. ancbsobf tnftbfg susu

susu obrnfb rnecno


0. `nriobf bsi dncbcui

snhbrb

aiob


















72

5. Idpcndnftbsi lbf Nvbcubsi (XKB]I) Lx Onp

Jbri 0

Jbri 8

OCINF 2

Ontilbonenotie

X1 \ilbo blb lbtb suànotie suànotie


bf

K1

K1

`nrsijbf

abcbf fbebs `.l.

-

Fbebs `byi `byi ducbi tnrbtur

-

Fbebs `byi tnrbtur tnrbtur

k`struosi abcbf

-

Ocinf dbsij tbdpbo cndbj

-

Ocinf

fbebs.

sulbj

\ 1 85.8½H

dnd`bio

F 1 20=x/d

\ 1 85.:½H

P 1 >=x/d

F 1 22=x/d

B 1 Dbsbcbj tnrbtbsi sn`bgibf

ducbi

P 1 5=x/d

] 1 Cbfautobf iftnrvnfsi 2,0, 8, <,

B 1 Dbsbcbj tnrbtbsi

lbf >

] 1 Jnftiobf Iftnrvnfsi, ]bsinf

I1

]ucbfg

5. k`snrvbsi suju tuùj sntibp 0 abd 7. k`snrvbsi fbli lbf fbpbs :. pnrjbtiobf wbrfb oucit 9. bfaurobf dnfggnflkfg

iù

uftuo

bfbofyb

lbf

dncbouobf ODH `nrucbfg. 2=. cntboobf `byi li ifou`btkr lbf li`bwbj ifebft wbrdnr Xuju

tuùj,

ontilbosnid`b fgbf

X 1 \ilbo blb lbtb suànotie

X 1 \ilbo blb lbtb suànotie

K1

K1 -

Xuju `byi ducbi `nrblb li

-

Xuju `byi `nrblb li




























70

I1 5.

k`snrvbsi suju tuùj sntibp 0 abd

7. k`snrvbsi fbli lbf fbpbs :. pnrjbtiobf wbrfb oucit 9. bfaurobf dnfggnflkfg

iù

uftuo

bfbofyb lbf

dncbouobf ODH `nrucbfg. 2=. cntboobf `byi li ifou`btkr lbf li`bwbj ifebft wbrdnr Ontilbonenotie bf

X1

X1

pnd`nribf Fy. Y dnfgbtbobf dnfgbtbobf `byi dbsij Fy. Y dnfgbtbobf dnfgbtbobf `byi dbsij

BXI

`.l.

lnfgbf oncntijbf `byi, rnecnos

sulbj dbu dnfgjisbp puttifg

susufyb.

susufyb

K1 ocinf dbsij tbdpbo dbsij tilbo

dnfgisbp ybfg tilbo blnoubt, lbf pnd`nribf dbobf

`ncud dbu dnfgjisbp putifg

ybfg

dbu dnfgisbp puttifg susu iùfyb. B 1 dbsbcbj `ncud tnrbtbsi ] 1 cbfautobf iftnrvnfsi 2, 0, 8, lbf <

K1 Ocinf ducbi ìsb dnfgjisbp putifg

susu

iùfyb

lisbbt

`nrblb li lnobpbf lnobpbf iù B 1 dbsbcbj tnrbtbsi ] 1 jnftiobf iftnrvnfsi, pbsinf


























78

OCINF 0

Ontilbonenotie



bf

K1

K1

`nrsijbf

abcbf fbebs `.l.

-

Fbebs `byi `byi ducbi tnrbtur

k`struosi abcbf

-

Ocinf dbsij tbdpbo cndbj

fbebs.

\ 1 85.8½H

-

Fbebs `byi `nrtbjbf tnrbtur

-

Ocinf tbdpbo botie

F 1 20=x/d

\ 1 85.:½H

P 1 >=x/d

F 1 22>x/d

B 1 Dbsbcbj tnrbtbsi sn`bgibf

P 1 >:x/d

] 1 Cbfautobf iftnrvnfsi 2,0, 8, <,

B 1 Dbsbcbj tnrbtbsi

lbf >

] 1 Jnftiobf iftnrvnfsi, pbsinf

I1

pucbfg. 2. k`snrvbsi

suju

tuùj

sntibp 0 abd 0. k`snrvbsi fbli lbf fbpbs 8. pnrjbtiobf wbrfb oucit <. bfaurobf

iù

dnfggnflkfg lbf

dncbouobf

`nrucbfg.

uftuo bfbofyb ODH


























7<

I1 2. K`snrvbsi suju tuùj sntibp 0 abd 0.

k`snrvbsi fbli lbf fbpbs

8.

pnrjbtiobf wbrfb oucit

<.

bfaurobf

dnfggnflkfg

iù

uftuo

bfbofyb lbf

dncbouobf ODH `nrucbfg. >.

cntboobf `byi li `bwbj

ifebft wbrdnr wbrdnr Ontilbonenotie bf

X1

X1

pnd`nribf Fy. X dnfgbtbobf dnfgbtbobf `byi dbsij Fy. X dnfgbtbobf dnfgbtbobf `byi sulbj

BXI

`.l.

lnfgbf

`ncud dbu dnfgjisbp putifg

dbu dnfgjisbp puttifg

susufyb.

susufyb

oncntijbf `byi,

K1

rnecnos

ocinf dbsij tbdpbo dbsij tilbo

dnfgisbp ybfg

dbu dnfgisbp putifg susu iùfyb. i ùfyb.

tilbo blnoubt, lbf pnd`nribf dbobf

ybfg

K1 ocinf tbdpbo dbu dnfgisbp puttifg susu iùfyb.

B 1 dbsbcbj `ncud tnrbtbsi

B 1 dbsbcbj tnrbtbsi

] 1 cbfautobf iftnrvnfsi 2, 0, 8, lbf

] 1 Jnftiobf iftnrvnfsi, ]bsinf

<

]ucbfg


























7>

7. Jbsic Gbd`brbf ]ncbosbfbbf Lnvnckpdnftbc ]ncbosbfbbf Lnvnckpdnftbc Hbrn

Gbd`brbf Lnvnckpdnftbc Hbrn

Licbouobf

\ilbo Licbouobf

Gbd`br <.8 Jbsic Gbd`brbf ]ncbosbfbbf Lnvnckpdnftbc ]ncbosbfbbf Lnvnckpdnftbc Hbrn

@nrlbsbrobf

gbd`br

<.8

dnfufauoobf

`bjwb

pncbosbfbbf

lnvnckpdnftbc hbrn pblb `byi @@CP li Pubfg \nrbtbi PX^L ^cif

























@. ]nd`bjbsbf 2.

Bsujbf Onpnrbwbtbf @byi @@CP Lbtb ybfg litnduobf pblb `byi ybfg dnfgbcbdi @@CP ybitu `nrbt `blbf li`bwbj 0>== grbd, suju hnflnrufg jipktnrdi, snsbo fbpbs, oucit tipis lbf `bfybo tnrlbpbt cbfugk, snrtb rnecno isbp ybfg tilbo blnoubt, jbc ifi snsubi lnfgbf Dbryufbfi (0=28) ybfg dnfgbtbobf `byi @@CP blbcbj `byi `bru cbjir lnfgbf `nrbt `blbf ourbfg btbu sbdb lnfgbf 0.>== grbd. \bflb gnabcb liboi`btobf obrnfb pblb pnfgnflbcibf suju `byi @@CP hnflnrufg dndicioi suju ybfg b`fkrdbc, lisn`bòbf kcnj prkluosi pbfbs ybfg ùruo lbf pnfifgobtbf onjicbfgbf pbfbs. Lbcbd sistnd pnrfbebsbf, ìcb cnìj pnflno dbsb gnstbsi dbob sndboif ourbfg pnrond`bfgbf pbru-pbru pblb `byi lnfgbf `nrbt 9== grbd. Oucit lidbfb abrifgbf cndbo suòutbf tipis btbu ourbfg



























77

idbturitbs sistnd rngucbsi `byi `bru cbjir, lbf ontilbonenotiebf lbcbd pnd`nribf BXI obrnfb rnecno jisbp `byi `ncud blnoubt snjifggb tnrablifyb jbd`btbf lbcbd pnd`nribf BXI. Dnfgbtbsi pnrdbsbcbjbf onpnrbwbtbf tnrsnùt, dbob tiflbobf ybfg li`nriobf sncbdb stuli obsus, pnfnciti dnd`nriobf pnrnfhbfbbf onpnrbwbtbf ybfg lirbsb sbfgbt nenotie. ]nrnfhbfbbf li`nriobf lbcbd wbotu 8 jbri, tnrfybtb tilbo tnrbtbsi obrnfb lisn`bòbf kcnj `n`nrbpb jbc. ]nrtbdb pblb ontilbonenotiebf `nrsijbf abcbf fbebs, ontiob `byi dnfbfgis libfggbp `byi sulbj jbus lbf cbfgsufg sbab li`nriobf BXI

























7:

Dbsbcbj ontilbonenotibf pnd`nribf BXI ìbsbfyb blb lub ebotkr ybfg snrifg tnrabli, ybitu dbsbcbj pblb iù ybfg `nrputus bsb ontiob `byi tilbo dbu dnfgjisbp putifg susu iù. Jbc ifi lisn`bòbf lisn `bòbf rnceno jisbp `byi @@CP ybfg tilbo blnoubt lbf augb `byi @@CP tnrpisbj abuj lbri iù snjifggb `byi jbrus li`nriobf BXI btbu ]BXI dnfggufbobf spuit tnrcnìj lbjucu, aiob `byi sulbj dnrbsb fybdbf lnfgbf spuit btbu snanfisfyb `byi abrbfg snobci dbu dnfgjisbp cbgi putifg susu iùfyb. Dnfurut (Ocifiobsi, 0=2>) BXI `bfybo oncubr ontiob iù snrifg

























79

0.

Gbd`brbf ]ncbosbfbbf Lnvnckpdnftbc ]ncbosbfbbf Lnvnckpdnftbc Hbrn pblb Hbrn pblb @byi @@CP ]ncbosbfbbf Lnvnckpdnftbc Hbrn Hbrn li Pubfgbf \nrbtbi, PX^L ^cif @bfabrdbsif ybfg tilbo licbosbfbobf ybitu pnflnfgbrbf, pnfhiudbf lbf difidbc strns lbf fynri. Lnvnckpdnftbc hbrn hbrn blb 7 ontnftubf ybitu pnflnfgbrbf, hbjbyb, pnfhiudbf, pksisi lbf jbflcifg , snftujbf, suju tuùj, lbf difidbc strns lbf fynri. Lnvnckpdnftbc hbrn hbrn dnrupbobf bsujbf pnrond`bfgbf ybfg sbfgbt dnd`bftu lbcbd tudùj ond`bfg tnrutbdb pblb `byi @@CP. @byi @@CP rnftbf tnrjblbp subrb ‘ subrb ybfg dncnìji obpbsitbs

























:=

ìsb dnfggbfggu siocus tilur `byi (anfoifs, jnrigkpbc, pbtnrskf, & `kyl, 0=2<). 0=2<). Xncbif lub jbc li btbs uftuo pnfhiudbf `byi @@CP augb pnrcu pnrjbtibf ojusus, pnfhiudbf lbf rbsb pnrtbdb `byi jbruscbj lidifidbcisir. @byi snlifi dufgoif liluoufg uftuo dnfhiud `bu krbfgtub lbf onsndpbtbf uftuo dnfgnhbp rbsb ybfg `bgus lbf pnfgbcbdbf rnecno dnfgjisbp jbc ifi dnfurut (anfoifs, jnrigkpbc, pbtnrskf, & `kyl, 0=2<). 0=2<). Xncbfautfyb uftuo pnrbwbtbf `byi @@CP @byi jbrus liluoufg

























:2

pnrond`bfgbf lbf gbfggubf trbfsisi lbri onblbbf `byi (Xkeibfi & Bsdbrb, 0=2<). Xuju tuùj pblb `byi @@CP augb sbfgbt dnfabli pnrjbtibf ojusus lisn`bobf pblb `byi @@CP tilbo dndicioi cndbo suòutbf, tilbo blbfyb pnfgbturbf pbfbs `byi sn`bgibf lisn`bòbf kcnj pbfbs iddbturn lbri pusbt pnfgbtur pbfbs lbf sn`bgibf boi`bt ongbgbcbf uftuo dnd`nriobf rnspkf tnrjblbp stiducus lbri cubr. Xnjifggb `byi @@CP cnìj rnftbf tnrabli jipktnrdi (Dbryufbfi, 0=28). \nrbojir pblb pnrond`bfgbf `byi @@CP uftuo dnfluoufg



























:0

pkpko jifggb pndnriosbbf dbtb. Xtuli pblb jnwbf lbf dbfusib tncbj dnfuauoobf neno sbdpifg lbcbd abfgob pbfabfg sntncbj tnrpbpbr / `nrucbfg obci dnfgbcbdi rbsb sboit lbcbd pnrikln oncbjirbf, ifi tnrdbsuo rnspkf pnricbou ybfg `nru`bj tnrjblbp rbsb sboit lbf dufgoif `nrcbfaut sbdpbi dbsb obfbo-obfbo lbf sntnrusfyb dnfurut

























:8

tubfb bgbr `byi sncbcu dnfgnfbc `bu krbfg tubfyb lbf lbpbt dnd`nriobf rbfgsbfbf tnrjblbp tudùj ond`bfg `byi. Lbcbd ontnftubf dbfbandnf strns lbf rbsb fynri pblb `byi tilbo licbouobf, obrnfb pnfnciti dncijbt blbfyb onblbbf `byi sbbt licbouobf pnfgbdìcbf lbrbj tbfpb k`snrvbsi sntncbjfyb, bpbobj fbli

























:<

pnfgnckcbbf cifgoufgbf pnrbwbtbf lbf k`snrvbsi pnricbou `byi snjifggb `byi dnflbpbtobf stiducus cifgoufgbf ybfg blnoubt. \uaubf lbri pncbosbfbbf lnvnckpdnftbc hbrn hbrn blbcbj difidbcisbsi pktnfsi tnrablifyb okdpciobsi abfgob pnflno lbf abfgob pbfabfg sn`bgbi boi`bt pnfgbcbdbf jkspitbcisbsi li rubfg pnrbwbtbf iftnfsie.

























:>

uftuo `byi ‘ `byi `byi ybfg tnrcbjir fkrdbc obrnfb bsujbf pnrond`bfgbf ifi sbfgbt `bgus lbf snsubi lnfgbf onblbbf `byi sbbt `nrblb li lbcbd rbjid iù (anfoifs, jnrigkpbc, pbtnrskf, pbtnr skf, & `kyl, 0=2<). H. Ontnr`btbsbf Xtuli obsus ifi licbouobf tnftufyb tilbo cnpbs lbri ontnr`btbsbf,

























:5

@B@ U ONXID]^CBF LBF XBPBF

B. Onsidpucbf



























:7

























::

























:9

Karya Tulis Ilmiah BBLR

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