DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Acheson, R.M., (1976), An Introduction to The Chemistry of Heterocyclic rd Compounds, 3 edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York. Alfarisi, S., dan Santoso, M., (2009), “The Preparation of 4,5-dimethoxy-2, βdinitrostyrene from Clove Leaf”, Proceeding of the First International Seminar on Science and Technology (ISSTEC) , Eds: Fitri, N. et al UII Jogjakarta. Al-Zereini, W., (2006), Natural Products from Marine Bacteria, Dissertation, Biologie, der Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern. Anwar, C., (1985), (1985), “Pembuatan “Pembuatan Vanilin Vanilin Penelitian, Jilid 1, No. 1, hal. 78-83.
dari Limbah Limbah Pabrik Kertas”, Karya
Argyropoulos, D.S., dan Menachem, S.B., (1997), “Lignin”, dalam Advances in Biochemical Enginering/Biotechnology Enginering/Biotechnology, Vol. 57, Managing Editor :. Scheper, Th., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, hal. 127-158. th
Bailey, W.R, dan Scott, E.G., (2002), Diagnostic Microbiology, 11 edition, Mosby Inc, Saint Louis. Bose, A.K., Ganguly, S.N., Manhas, M.S., Srirajan, V., Bhattacharjee, A., dan Rumthao, S., Shrama, A.H., (2004), “Microwave Assisted Synthesis of an Unusual Dinitro Phytochemical”, Phytochemical”, Tetrahedron, Vol. 45, hal. 1179-1181. Buck, J.S., (1943), “Veratraldehyde”, Organic Syntheses Coll., Vol. 2, hal. 619. nd
Cason, J., dan Rapoport, H, (1962), Laboratory Text in Organic Chemistry, 2 edition, Prentice-Hall. Inc., New Jersey
Clements, R.E., (1990), Gas Chromatography Biochemical, Biomedical, and Clinic Applications, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York. Creswell, C.J., dan Runquist, O.A., (2005), Analisis Spektrum Senyawa Organik , terjemahan oleh Kosasih Padmawinata dan Ny. Iwang Soediro, Edisi Ke Tiga, Penerbit ITB, Bandung. th
Ewing, G.W., (1985), Instrumental Method of Chemical Analysis, 7 edition, McGraw-Hill Inc., Singapore. Ki mia, Ultrastruktur, Reaksi-Reaksi, Fengel, D., dan Wegener, G., (1984), Kayu : Kimia, Terjemahan oleh Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
51
Fessenden, R.J., dan Fessenden J.S., (1992), Kimia Organik , Jilid 2, Terjemahan oleh Aloysius Hadyana Pudjaatmaka, Edisi Kedua, Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta. Fourniss, B.S., Hannaford, A.J., Smith, P.W.G. dan Tatchell, A.R. (1989). Vogel’s th Text-book of Practical Organic Chemistry, 5 edition., Longmans Scientific & Technical, New York. Gairud, C.B., dan Lappin, G.R., (1953), “The Syntheis of beta-Nitrostyrene”, Journal Organic Chemistry, Vol. 18, hal. 1-3. Gritter, R.J., Bobbit, G.M., dan Schwarting, A.E. (1991), Pengantar Kromatografi, Terjemahan oleh Kosasih Padmawinata, Penerbit ITB, Bandung. Hanawa, F., Tahara, S., dan Towers, G.H.N., (2000), ”Antifungal Nitro Compound from Skunk Cabbage ( Lysichitum americanum) Leaves Treated with Cupric Chloride”, Phytochemistry, Vol. 53, hal. 55-58. Hart, H., Hart, D.J., dan Craine, L.E. (1997), Organic Chemistry A Short Course, th 9 edition, S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi. Holladay, J.E., Bozell, J.J., White, J.F., dan Johnson, D, (2007), Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass, Volume II-Results of Screening for Potential Candidates from Biorefinery Lignin, U.S. Departement of Energy. Jonsson, A.L., (2003) ”Synthetic Studies of Marine Indole Alkaloids”, Halftime Seminar Paper, Tuesday May 20 , Karolinska Institute, Stockholm. th
Joule, J.A., dan Mills, K. (2000), Heterocyclic Chemistry, 4 edition, Black Well Science. Jumina, (2000), Pemanfaatan Lignin dari Limbah lndustri Kertas dan Serbuk Gergaji untuk Pembuatan Turunan Antibiotik C-9154, Laporan Penelitian, UGM, 2000. Lampman, G.M., Andrews, J., Bratz, W., Hanssen, O., Kelley, K., Perry, D., dan Ridgeway, A., (1977), “The Preparation of Vanillin from Eugenol and Sawdust”, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 54, hal. 776-778. McNair, H.N., dan Bonelli, E.J., (1988), Dasar Kromatografi Gas , Penerbit ITB, Bandung. Mee, S.P.H., Lee, V., Baldwin, J.E., dan Cowley, A., (2004), “Total Synthesis of 5,5’,6,6’-Tetrahydroxy-3,3’-Biindolyl, the Proposed Structure of Potent Antioxidant Found in Beetroot ( Beta vulgaris )”, Tetrahedron, Vol. 60, hal. 3695-3712.
52
Milhazes, N., Calheiros, R., Marques, M.P.M., Garrido, Cordeiro, J. M. N. D.S., Rodr, C., Quinteira, S., Novais, C., Peixe, L., dan Borges, F., (2006) “βNitrostyrene derivatives as potential antibacterial agents: A structure– property–activity relationship study“, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 14, hal. 4078-4088. nd
Mukherji, S.M., Singh, S.P., dan Kapoor, R.P. (1997), Organic Chemistry, 2 Edition, New Age International (P) Limited Publisher, New Delhi.
Mulja, M, dan Suharman, (1995), Analisis Instrumental, Airlangga University Press, Surabaya. Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., dan Kriz, G.S., (1982), Introduction to Organic nd Laboratory Techniques; A Contemporary Approach, 2 edition, Saunder College Publishing, Philadelphia. Pearl, I. A., (1958), “Lignin as a Raw Material for the Production of Pure Chemicals, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 35, No. 10, hal. 502-506. Ralph, J., Brunow, G., Boerjan, W., (2007), “Lignins”, Encyclopedia of Life Sciences , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, hal. 1-10. Sakakibara, A., dan Sano, Y., (2001), “Chemistry of Lignin”, dalam Wood and Cellulosic Chemistry, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Edited by David N-S.Hon., Nobuo Shiraishi, Marcel Decker, Inc., New York. Sastrohamidjojo, H. (1991), Spektroskopi , Edisi Kedua, Liberty, Yogyakarta. Setiabudy, R dan Gan, V.H.S. (1995), “Pengantar Antimikroba”, dalam Farmakologi dan Terapi , Edisi Keempat, Ganiswara, S.G., Bagian Farmakologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta. Shriner, R.L., Hermann, C.K.F., Morrill, T.C., Curtin, D.Y., dan Fuson, R.C. th (2004), The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds, 7 edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. Siagian, R.M., Roliadi, H., Suprapti, S., dan Komarayati, S., (2003), “Studi Peranan Fungi Pelapuk Putih Dalam Proses Biodelignifikasi Kayu Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen)”, Jurnal Ilmu & Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol. 1., No. 1, hal. 47-56. Sixrta, H., Potthast, A., dan Krotschek, A.W., (2006), “Chemical Pulping Processes” dalam Handbook of Pulp, Volume 1, Edited by Herbert Sixta, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA, Weinheim, hal. 109-472. Sjoholm, E., (1999), Characterisation of Kraft Pulps by Size-exclusion Chromatography and Kraft Lignin Sample by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, Doctoral Thesis, Departement of Pulp and Paper Chemistry
53
and Technology, Division of Wood Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. Sjostrom, E., (1995), Kimia Kayu, Dasar-Dasar dan Penggunaan , Edisi Kedua, Terjemahan oleh Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. Supratman, U., (2005), Elusidasi Struktur Senyawa Organik , Jurusan Kimia, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung. Tarabanko, V.E., dan Petukhov, D.V., (2003), “Study of Mechanism and Improvement the Process of Oxidation Cleavage of Lignins into the Aromatics Aldehydes”, Chemistry for Sustainable Development , 11, hal. 655-667. Tewari, K.S., Mehrotra, S.N., dan Vishnoi, N.K. (1976), A Text Book of Organic th Chemistry, 3 edition, Vikas Publishing House PVT Ltd., New Delhi. Vishnoi, N.K. (1996), Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry , Revisi Oleh B.S. Fourniss dkk., Edisi Keempat, Longman London. Waluyo, L., (2008), Teknik dan Metode Dasar dalam Mikrobiologi , UPT Penerbitan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang. Warren, S., (1994) Sintesis Organik Pendekatan Diskoneksi, Terjemahan oleh Moch. Samhoedi Reksohadiprojo, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. Wood, W.A., dan Kellog, S.T., (1988), “Biomass : Part. B. Lignin, Pectin, and Chitin”, dalam Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 161, Academic Press Inc. San Diego www.sarekathijauindonesia.org, (2008), Krisis Kapitalisme Sektor Industri Kehutanan (Pulp), Dikirim oleh Ratih, D., didownload tanggal 15 Mei 2008, jam 05.26. Zabkova, M., da Silva, E.A.B., dan Rodrigues, A.E., (2006), “Recovery of Vanillin from Kraft Lignin Oxidation by Ion-exchange with Neutralization”, Separation and Purification Technolgy, Vol. 55, hal. 56-68.
54
