UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CALLAO FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA PERQUERA Y DE ALIMENTOS ALIMENTOS ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERIA DE ALIMENTOS
PRÁCTICA # 4: Eva!a"$% &' a ()*!)a
GRUPO DE LABORATORIO: 90G
PROFESOR: ING. BRAULIO BUSTAMANTE
ALUMNOS: • • • • • •
CUYA ALVARADO, Norisha. DE LA CRUZ APARCO, Gabri!a. MENDOZA LOPEZ, Ca"hri#. TUESTA LOPEZ, L!a#!$. VILCAPOMA BO%OR&UEZ, E!isab!. OSORIO OCMIN, C!s".
2014-B
I+
INTRODUCCI,N
La 'ri"(ra s (# )ro*so + )r)ara*i# + a!i-#"os ( )rs#"a *o-o *ara*"r/s"i*a '(#+a-#"a! !a ("i!ia*i# + (# -+io 1raso so-"i+o a !2a+as "-)ra"(ras. D !!o s +ri2a# (#a sri + )ro*sos -($ *o-)!3os ( a'*"a# a !a *o-)osi*i# +! a*i" $ +! )ro+(*"o so-"i+o a 'ri"(ra. Los )ro+(*"os 'ri"os so# )ro+(*"os + 1ra# a*)"a*i# )or )ar" +! *o#s(-i+or, +bi+o a s(s s)*ia!s *ara*"r/s"i*as s#soria!s, +ri2a+as + !a )rs#*ia + (#a *a#"i+a+ + 1rasa #o"ab! ( -3ora s( "4"(ra $ !s *o#'ir (# '!a2or *ara*"r/s"i*o. 5s" rs(!"a, # 1ra# -a#ra, + !a 'or-a*i# + )ro+(*"os + a!"ra*i# + !a 1rasa + 'ri"(ra $ +! )ro)io a!i-#"o 6*o-)(s"os + o4i+a*i# !i)/+i*a, )ro+(*"os + !a ra**i# + Mai!!ar+, "*.7. No obs"a#", +bi+o )r*isa-#" a s" ori1# ra*"i2o + -(*hos *o-)(s"os +"r-i#a#"s + !a *a!i+a+ s#soria!, ! )ro*so + 'ri"(ra +b sr *o#"ro!a+o + 'or-a a+*(a+a, )ara as1(rar (#a *a!i+a+ )"i-a +! )ro+(*"o 'ri"o, as/ *o-o !a -3or s"abi!i+a+ +! -is-o. Es" )(#"o s s)*ia!-#" i-)or"a#", $a ( ! )ro+(*"o 'ri"o absorb (#a !2a+a *a#"i+a+ + !a 1rasa ( *o#s"i"($ ! -+io + 'ri"(ra, as/ *o-o "a-bi8# a*(-(!ar (#a *ir"a )ro)or*i# + *o-)(s"os + a!"ra*i# 6hi+r!isis, o4i+a*i# $ )o!i-ria*i#7, *($a )rs#*ia *o#+i*io#ar +i*ha s"abi!i+a+ $, # *o#s*(#*ia, !a 2i+a *o-r*ia! +! )ro+(*"o. A+-s, )or #*i-a + *ir"as *o#*#"ra*io#s, +"r-i#a+os )ro+(*"os + a!"ra*i# )(+# )rs#"ar "a-bi8# *ara*"r/s"i*as )o"#*ia!-#" #o*i2as )ara ! or1a#is-o. Por "o+o !!o, !as -)rsas ( "raba3a# # !a !abora*i# + )ro+(*"os 'ri"os #*si"a# +is)o#r + -8"o+os a+*(a+os )ara *o#"ro!ar s(s )ro*+i-i#"os + 'ri"(ra, ( !s )r-i"a# as1(rar (#a *a!i+a+ s#soria! )"i-a $ (#a s"abi!i+a+ s('i*i#" )ara s(s )ro+(*"os. A+-s, "a-bi8# s i#"rsa#" ( )(+a# # "o+o -o-#"o 2a!(ar ! s"a+o + a!"ra*i# +! -+io + 'ri"(ra 1raso, )ara ( )(+a# ob"#r ! -4i-o r#+i-i#"o, )ro si# a!*a#ar #i2!s 4*si2os ( *o-)ro-"a# !a *a!i+a+ $ s1(ri+a+ +! )ro+(*"o 'ri"o ob"#i+o. Es"os -8"o+os a#a!/"i*os + *o#"ro! +b# sr s#*i!!os $ r)i+os )ara ( s( a)!i*a*i# )(+a ra!iars )or )ar" + *(a!(ir "i)o + i#+(s"ria, si# 4*si2os r(isi"os "8*#i*os, h(-a#os $ -a"ria!s.
II+ OBETIVO
E2a!(ar !a 2aria*i# + a*i+ +(ra#" ! )ro*so + 'ri"(ra.
II+
MARCO TEORICO Evaluación de la fritura
La 'ri"(ra s (# )ro*so + +shi+ra"a*i# ("i!ia+o )ri#*i)a!-#" sobr )ro+(*"os a-i!*os *o# ! 'i# + *a-biar s(s *ara*"r/s"i*as s"r(*"(ra!s $ or1a#o!8)"i*as )ara ha*r!os -s a"ra*"i2os a! *o#s(-i+or. Ta-bi8# a$(+a a !a *o#sr2a*i# +! a!i-#"o "a#"o )or !a +s"r(**i# "8r-i*a + !os -i*roor1a#is-os *o-o )or !os '*"os 1#ra+os # ! a!i-#"o a! r+(*ir !a a*"i2i+a+ + a1(a # s( s()r'i*i. 0
0
Las "-)ra"(ras a!"as 6 160 C −180 C 7 ("i!ia+as # ! )ro*so + 'ri"(ra, )ro+(*# # ! a!i-#"o 2a)ora*i# + a1(a ( s "ra#s'ir a! a*i", $ si-(!"#a-#" ! a!i-#"o absorb a*i" )ara r-)!aar # )ar" ! a1(a !i-i#a+a +! )ro+(*"o. E! s)a*io !ibr ( +3a ! a1(a s o*()a+o )or ! a*i". La *a#"i+a+ + a*i" absorbi+o )or (# a!i-#"o +)#+, # 1ra# -+i+a, + s( h(-+a+, )orosi+a+ $ s()r'i*i 4)(s"a a! a*i" + 'ri"(ra. E# ! )ro*so + 'ri"(ra, !as )ro)i+a+s "8r-i*as $ 'isi*o(/-i*as +! a!i-#"o $ +! a*i", !a 1o-"r/a +! a!i-#"o $ !a "-)ra"(ra +! a*i", so# a!1(#as + !as 2ariab!s ( i#*i+# # !a "ra#s'r#*ia + -asa $ + *a!or, $ ( 'i#a!-#" +"r-i#a# !as *ara*"r/s"i*as + !os )ro+(*"os 'ri"os.
Los *a-bios '/si*os $ (/-i*os ( o*(rr# +(ra#" ! )ro*so + 'ri"(ra "a#"o # ! a!i-#"o *o-o # ! a*i" s"ar# +"r-i#a+os )or:
Ti)o, *ara*"r/s"i*as $ *a!i+a+ +! a*i" ("i!iar.
Ti)o $ *ara*"r/s"i*as +! a!i-#"o a 'r/r.
Co#+i*io#s +! )ro*so + 'ri"(ra:
T-)ra"(ra
Ti-)o
Prs#*ia + -"a!s
Prs#*ia + o4/1#o
Prs#*ia + !(
Prs#*ia + a#"io4i+a#"s
Cara*"r/s"i*as + !a 'ri+ora
Gra+o $ 2!o*i+a+ + r#o2a*i# +! a*i" # ! "ra#s*(rso +! )ro*so 6Ds*ar" +! a*i"7
Di*hos *a-bios 1#ra!-#" *o#!!2a# a! +"rioro +! a*i" )or !a o*(rr#*ia + )ro*sos + hi+r!isis, o4i+a*i# $ )o!i-ria*i#. E# ! *aso + !os a!i-#"os )(+# sr *a-bios +sab!s, + h*ho so# !os ( s )rsi1(# *o# !a 'ri"(ra, *o-o !a -3ora # !a *a!i+a+ s#soria! 6!a 'or-a*i# + *o-)(s"os aro-"i*os $ *o!ors a"ra*"i2os, #"r o"ros7, !a "/)i*a + !os a!i-#"os 'ri"os, $ "a-bi8# (#a -a$or *o#sr2a*i#, )ro )or o"ra )ar", )(+# o*(rrir *a-bios i#+sab!s ( )ro2o*ar# a'*"a*io#s + !os a"rib("os s#soria!s $ + !a *a!i+a+ sa#i"aria +! )ro+(*"o 6)(+# a)ar*r *o-)(s"os s(!'(ra+os $ +ri2a+os + !a )irai#a # ! a!i-#"o a )ar"ir + i#"ra**io#s #"r s" $ ! a*i", "*.7. Las *o#+i*io#s +! )ro*so +b# +*i+irs sobr !a bas + ob"#r (# )ro+(*"o 'ri"o + *a!i+a+, (# b(# a)ro2*ha-i#"o +! a*i" $ (#a r#"abi!i+a+ a+*(a+a + !a !/#a + )ro+(**i#. E! )ro*so + 'ri"(ra )(+ ra!iars + +os 'or-as:
S()r'i*ia! 6;Sha!!o< 'r$i#1;7: S s(-r1 # ! a*i" !a s()r'i*i +! a!i-#"o ( s +sa 'r/r, s ra!ia #or-a!-#" # sar"#s o r*i)i#"s + )o*a )ro'(#+i+a+ $ *o# ba3o #i2! + a*i", ! )ro+(*"o #o (+a "o"a!-#" *(bir"o )or 8s". La )ar" +! a!i-#"o s(-r1i+a s 'r/ $ !a ( #o s" # *o#"a*"o *o# ! a*i" s *(* +bi+o a! 2a)or i#"#so ( s 2a +s)r#+i#+o +! -is-o )ro+(*"o a! *a!#"ars.
To"a! 6;D) 'r$i#1;7: S s(-r1 ! a!i-#"o "o"a!-#" # ! a*i", s !!2a a *abo # 'ri+oras *asras o i#+(s"ria!s o # r*i)i#" ( *o#"i# (# a!"o #i2! + a*i", # "o+os !os *asos ! )ro+(*"o s" "o"a!-#" *(bir"o )or ! a*i" $ !a 'ri"(ra o*(rr (#i'or--#" sobr "o+a !a s()r'i*i.
1+-E a"'*' '% a ()*!)a Para !o1rar (# )ro*so + 'ri"(ra a+*(a+o s #*sario s(-r1ir ! a!i-#"o # (# -+io !/(i+o ( )(+a -a#"#r (#a "-)ra"(ra *o#s"a#" $ a!"a si# ( s )ir+a# !as *ara*"r/s"i*as #("ri*io#a!s +! -is-o )or '*"o +! *a!#"a-i#"o. E! a1(a, )or 3-)!o, #o sir2 )ara s"os 'i#s $a ( *a-bia + 'as !/(i+a a 'as 2a)or a =00>C, "-)ra"(ra ( s i#s('i*i#" )ara -o+i'i*ar !a s()r'i*i + !os a!i-#"os + ori1# )ro"i*o o *o# a!"o *o#"#i+o + hi+ra"os + *arbo#o. Las 1rasas $ a*i"s, $a sa + ori1# a#i-a! o 21"a!, si so# a+*(a+os )ara s"os 'i#s )or( )(+# sr so-"i+os a "-)ra"(ras -(*ho -s a!"as si# i#*o#2#i#"s + i#s"abi!i+a+, +)#+i#+o so s/, + s( *o-)osi*i# # *i+os 1rasos. Co-o $a s 4)rs a#"rior-#", !a '(#*i# +! a*i" +(ra#" ! )ro*so s sr ! -+io "ra#s-isor +! *a!or $ a s( 2 a)or"ar sabor $ "4"(ra a !os a!i-#"os. E! a*i" s *o#2ir" # (# i#1r+i#" +! a!i-#"o 'ri"o a! sr absorbi+o )or 8s", )or "a#"o !a s"abi!i+a+ +! a*i" $ s( 1ra+o + a!"ra*i# i#'!(ir# +ir*"a-#" # !a *a!i+a+ $ !a +(ra*i# +! )ro+(*"o 'ri"o. Ta-bi8# s i-)or"a#" "#r # *(#"a ! sabor *ara*"r/s"i*o + *ir"as 1rasas, '(#+a-#"a!-#" + ori1# a#i-a!, !as ( )(+# a'*"ar !a *a!i+a+ +! )ro+(*"o 'ri"o.
2+-E
a.'%*/ '% a ()*!)a
E! a!i-#"o +s"i#a+o a !a 'ri"(ra +b sr a+*(a+o )ara !a -is-a o +b a*o#+i*io#ars )ara ( *(-)!a *o# !as 4i1#*ias +! )ro*so. S( s()r'i*i +b sr !o -s s*a )osib! )ara 2i"ar a! -4i-o !a hi+r!isis +! a*i" )or !a *o-bi#a*i# + !a )rs#*ia + a1(a $ !as a!"as "-)ra"(ras ( *ara*"ria# a! )ro*so, !o ( + h*ho, "a-bi8# r+(* !a o4i+a*i# +! a*i" $ !a 'or-a*i# + s)(-a. A"#+i#+o a !o a#"rior, #o +b# 'r/rs a!i-#"os 1!asa+os, ( ha$a# si+o +s*o#1!a+os $ -a#"#1a# 1ra# *a#"i+a+ + a1(a # s( s()r'i*i, o a(!!os ( "#1a# a!"o *o#"#i+o + a1(a !ibr. Es"os )ro+(*"os +b# sr a*o#+i*io#a+os, s +*ir, #hari#a+os $?o rboa+os 6E-)a#a+os7. E4is"# -@!"i)!s ra**io#s (/-i*as ( o*(rr# # ! a!i-#"o +(ra#" ! )ro*so, '(#+a-#"a!-#" o4i+a"i2as $ "8r-i*as, !as ( a'*"a# a !os !/)i+os,
!as )ro"/#as, !os hi+ra"os + *arbo#o $ o"ros *o-)o##"s -i#ori"arios + !os a!i-#"os. Si ! )ro*so s ra!ia *orr*"a-#" s )ro+(*# "o+a (#a sri + *a-bios +sa+os # ! a!i-#"o, #"r !!os:
T4"(ra *r(3i#" )or !a *oa1(!a*i# + !as )ro"/#as, !a 1!i'i*a*i# +! a!-i+# $ !a +shi+ra"a*i# )ar*ia! ( s('r ! )ro+(*"o. As)*"o a1ra+ab!, *o!or +ora+o, (#i'or- $ bri!!a#", )ro+(*i+o '(#+a-#"a!-#" )or !a ra**i# + Mai!!ar+.
Sabor $ aro-a *ara*"r/s"i*os )or !a i#*i+#*ia +! )ro)io a*i" $ )or #(2as s(s"a#*ias )ro+(*i+as +(ra#" ! )ro*so.
Varia*i# +! *o#"#i+o + 1rasa +! )ro+(*"o, # 1#ra! ! )ro+(*"o )ir+ h(-+a+ $ 1a#a 1rasa, 4*)"o !os a!i-#"os ri*os # 1rasa ( )ir+# )ar" + !!a +(ra#" s( 'ri"(ra.
S ob"i# (#a -a$or s"abi!i+a+ +! )ro+(*"o, s +*ir (#a -a$or *o#sr2a*i#, )or !a +s"r(**i# + -i*roor1a#is-os *o#"a-i#a#"s +! a!i-#"o $ !a i#a*"i2a*i# + !as #i-as )rs#"s # ! -is-o.
No obs"a#" !os *a-bios +sa+os, "a-bi8# )(+# o*(rrir a!"ra*io#s i#+sab!s # !os a!i-#"os:
A'*"a*i# + s( *a!i+a+ s#soria!.
Prs#*ia + s(s"a#*ias )o"#*ia!-#" "4i*as.
P8r+i+a +! 2a!or #("ri"i2o.
E! "i-)o + )r-a##*ia +! )ro+(*"o # !a 'ri+ora )ara !o1rar ! +sarro!!o + (# *o!or a+*(a+o, ! as#"a-i#"o *orr*"o + a!1(#os rboa+os $ !a ob"#*i# + "4"(ras a+*(a+as, +)#+ + !a "-)ra"(ra ("i!ia+a. A!"as "-)ra"(ras a*!ra# ! )ro*so + 'ri"(ra, )ro "a-bi8# ! + +s*o-)osi*i# +! a*i". T-)ra"(ras -s ba3as +sarro!!a# *o!ors -s *!aros, )ro2o*a# -a$or absor*i# + a*i" $ ha*# !#"o ! )ro*so. Es"a si"(a*i# i-)!i*a !!1ar a #*o#"rar (#a )"i-a r!a*i# "i-)o"-)ra"(ra + 'ri"(ra )ara *a+a )ro+(*"o $ )ro*so.
III+
MATERIALES Y MUESTRAS
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IV+ PARTE E6PERIMENTAL a. S )ro*+i a )i*ar $ !a2ar !as )a)as.
b. A1r1ar 00-! + !as )a)as.
a*i" a (#a o!!a $ 'r/r
*. U#a 2 'ri"as !as )a)as, s r"ira +i*has )a)as $ s 2ir" =0-! a*i" # (#a )rob"a. E! )ro*+i-i#"o s ra!ia 2*s.
+. To+o ! a*i" r"ira+o s *o!o*a # (# -a"ra $ s ! a1r1a ! i#+i*a+or + '#o!'"a!/#a 6 1o"as7
.
S )ro*+ a !a "i"(!a*i# *o# NaO% 0,=N has"a ob"#r (#a *o!ora*i# rosa.
V+ CÁLCULOS Y RESULTADOS CÁLCULOS VOLUMENES V0 V1 V2 V9 V4 V V;
ALICUOTA 0. 0.F 0. 0. 0.9 =.H =.F
7 ACIDE8 0.0= 0.= 0.=9 0.HH 0.H 0. 0.
Para +"r-i#ar ! )or*#"a3 + a*i+, s r-)!aar # !a si1(i#" 'r-(!a:
a*i+J VCx0.1Nxmeq-grx100 10ml
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V0: a*i+ J
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x 100
a*i+ J 0.0=
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V1: a*i+ J
0.6 x 0.1 x 0.285 x 100 10
a*i+ J 0.=
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V2: a*i+ J
0.7 x 0.1 x 0.285 10
x
100
x
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a*i+ J 0.=9
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V9: a*i+ J
0.8 x 0.1 x 0.285 10
a*i+ J 0.HH
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V4: a*i+ J
0.9 x 0.1 x 0.285 x 100 10
a*i+ J 0.H
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V: a*i+ J
1.2 x 0.1 x 0.285 x 100 10
a*i+ J 0.
•
V;: a*i+ J
1.6 x 0.1 x 0285 x 100 10
a*i+ J 0.
VII+ DISCUSION D a*(r+o a! rs(!"a+o, s )(+o obsr2ar ( *o# ! a(-#"ar +! #@-ro + 'ri"(ras !a a*i+ "a-bi8# 2a a(-#"a#+o. A+-s, (# a!"o 2a!or + !a a*i+ i#+i*a ! i#i*io + (# )ro*so + ra#*i+a+, (#i+o a! +*ai-i#"o + !as *(a!i+a+s s#soria!s +! a*i". E# ! a#!isis + a*i+ -(s"ra ( !os 2a!ors ob"#i+os )ara !a -(s"ra so# bas"a#" ba3o si s *o#si+ra ( ! -4i-o a*)"ab! )ara a*i"s 'rs*os s + = + *i+o o!i*o, s1@# ! #(2o r1!a-#"o sa#i"ario + !os a!i-#"os *hi!#os.
D a*(r+o a! rs(!"a+o, s obsr2a ( +s)(8s + !a (i#"a 'ri"(ra ! a*i" si1( si#+o a)"o )ara s( (so. La *a!i+a+ + (# i#1r+i#" s !a bas '(#+a-#"a! )ara !a )r)ara*i# + a!i-#"os + b(#a *a!i+a+. Por !o "a#"o, ! s"ab!*i-i#"o + (# )ro1ra-a + 2a!(a*i# + *a!i+a+ + !os i#1r+i#"s s (# *o-)o##" )ri-or+ia! + (#a -)rsa ++i*a+a a !a )r)ara*i# + a!i-#"os +s"i#a+os )ara ! *o#s(-o h(-a#o. U# *o#"ro! + *a!i+a+ a! a*i" + 'ri"(ra s '*"@a )or: =. La )8r+i+a +! 2a!or #("ri"i2o +! a*i", ( )(+ 'or-ar -a"ria!s "4i*os o #o*i2os *o-o *o#s*(#*ia + !a 4)osi*i# a! *a!or $ a! o4/1#o. H. Los *a-bios # ! -+io + 'ri"(ra i#'!($# # !a *a!i+a+ s#soria! +! a*i" $ !a +! a!i-#"o 'ri"o # 8!. Las ra**io#s +a+as # !a a!"ra*i# +! a*i" + 'ri"(ra so#: o4i+a*i#, hi+r!isis $ )o!i-ria*i#. Los )ro+(*"os rs(!"a#"s + s"as ra**io#s i#'!(ir# # !a a*)"abi!i+a+ +! )ro+(*"o )or )ar" +! *o#s(-i+or. U#os )ro+(*"os + !as ra**io#s + a!"ra*i# +! a*i" so# 2o!"i!s $ o"ros #o, )ro a-bos "i)os s *o#si+ra# i-)or"a#"s, !os )ri-ros )or( sr# i#ha!a+os )or ! )rso#a!, !os s1(#+os )or( )r-a#*r# # ! a!i-#"o 'ri"o. A! )#"rar # ! )ro+(*"o 'ri"o so# i#1ri+os $ *o-o ! sabor s r!a*io#a *o# ! o!or, *o!abora# # !a a*)"a*i# +! a!i-#"o 'ri"o. La Nor-a T8*#i*a Pr(a#a NTP H09.HHF r*o-i#+a ( ! a*i" +s"i#a+o a! *o#s(-o h(-a#o + !os )ro+(*"os 'ri"os +b# *(-)!ir *o# !os si1(i#"s r(isi"os: K#+i* + )r4i+o M4. - OH?1. A*i+ M4. 0,0 64)rsa+o *o-o *i+o o!i*o7 Para *(-)!ir *o# !os r(ri-i#"os + !a #or-a "8*#i*a )r(a#a s #*sario ra!iar (# *o#"ro! +! -is-o ! *(a! s )(+ ra!iar + +os -a#ras, a #i2! + !abora"orio $ !os #sa$os r)i+os ( s )(+# ra!iar # !a )!a#"a.
VIII+CONCLUSIONES
La a*i+ +! a*i" 2a 2rs +is-i#(i+a *(a#"o -a$or sa !a "-)ra"(ra a !a ( s" 4)(s"a Co-o *o#s*(#*ia + !a hi+r!isis !o 'a2or* !a -o+i'i*a*i# +! )% $ a+-s ha$ (# i#*r-#"o + *i+os 1rasos !ibrs )or !o ( s 'a2or* !a a("oria*i# +! a*i" .
I6+ REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS
Es"abi!i+a+ +! a*i" + *hi'!s. 6Bas + +a"os # !/#a7. Pi(ra. R)osi"orio i#s"i"(*io#a! PIR%UA U#i2rsi+a+ + Pi(ra.HH + 3(#io +! H00. h""):??)irh(a.(+).+(.)?bi"s"ra-?ha#+!?=HF9?=?INGF.)+ 's(#*J=
L(*as (a#, D(-ar(i#"ro Vi*"or, Vas*o os .Eva!a"$% &' / Pa)<.'*)/ &' Ca&a& D!)a%*' a F)*!)a &' R'=a%a&a &' Paa C)/a, U#i2rsi+a+ T*#o!1i*a + Prira, ob"#i+o ! + o*"(br +! H0= # h""):??r2is"as.(").+(.*o?i#+4.)h)?r2is"a*i#*ia?ar"i*!?2i
Ro+r/1(G!oria, Z(!(a1a C!a(+ia, P(r"a L(isa. Eva!a"$% &' Pa)<.'*)/ F"/>!5."/ '% ' P)/"'/ &' F)*!)a &' Ba%a%/ O./&'3&)a*a&/+ U#i2rsi+a+ + Sa# B(#a2#"(ra + Ca!i. Ob"#i+o ! + o*"(br +! H0= # h""):??<<<.s*i!o.or1.*o?)+'?bsaa?2==#=?2==#=a=
