SECRETARÍA SECRETARÍA DE EDUCACIÓN PÚBLICA DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICA INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE TUXTLA GUTIÉRREZ INGENIERÍA ELECTRONICA Materia: Quii!a Tra"a#$ a rea%i&ar: 'i"ri(a!i)* + Ge$etr,a M$%e!u%ar A%u*$: L)-e& Rui& .re(i .ra*!i/!$ Pr$0e/$r: I*12 M$*t$+a Ma1a3a 4$/5 Ma*ue%
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Estado Basal: E/ !ua*($ e% t$$ /e e*!ue*tra a/i%a($ (e t$(a e6!ita!i)*
a1*5ti!a e/ (e!ir /i* e% e0e!t$ (e a%1F* ti-$ (e atra!!i)* + e/ !ua*($ /u/ $r"ita%e/ (e %a u%tia !a-a /e e*!ue*tra* -ur$/ + /i* *i*1u*a atra!!i)*2 Estado de Hibridación: E/ !ua*($ e% t$$ re!i"e
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Hibridación sp2
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(e/a-area($/7 e*tre $tra/ !$/a/2 Para e6-%i!ar %a/ 1e$etr,a/ $%e!u%are/7 ta*t$ !$$ /u/ !ara!ter,/ti!a/7 !$$ e% -$r?u5 /$* (e (i!8a 0$ra + *$ (e $tra7 /e 8a* !rea($ aria/ te$r,a/ ?ue !$e*&ar$* a -artir (e %a e/tru!tura (e Lei/ + e$%u!i$*ar$* 8a/ta i*$%u!rar %a 8i"ri(a!i)* (e $r"ita%e/ at)i!$/2 E/-e!,0i!ae*te /e -ue(e (e!ir ?ue /$* ($/ -ri*!i-a%e/7 u*a e6-%i!a e% -$r?u5 (e %a/ 1e$etr,a/ + %a $tra %a/ !ara!ter,/ti!a/ (e e/ta/2 N$ /$* te$r,a/ ?ue /e aut$e6!%u+e*7 /i*$ ?ue /e !$-%ee*ta*2 E* %a a!tua%i(a( /e e-%ea* (ier/$/ 5t$($/ e6-erie*ta%e/ -ara !$*$!er e* 0$ra -re!i/a %a e/tru!tura (e u*a $%5!u%a -arti!u%ar2 U*$ (e %$/ 5t$($/ -ara -re(e!ir %a 1e$etr,a $%e!u%ar a-r$6ia(a7 e/t "a/a(a e* %a re-u%/i)* e%e!tr)*i!a (e %a )r"ita at)i!a / e6ter*a7 e/ (e!ir7 %$/ -are/ (e e%e!tr$*e/ (e a%e*!ia a%re(e($r (e u* t$$ !e*tra% /e /e-ara* a %a a+$r (i/ta*!ia -$/i"%e -ara i*ii&ar %a/ 0uer&a/ (e re-u%/i)*2 E/ta/ re-u%/i$*e/ (eteri*a* e% arre1%$ (e %$/ $r"ita%e/7 + e/t$/7 a /u e&7 (eteri*a* %a 1e$etr,a $%e!u%ar7 ?ue -ue(e /er: %i*ea%7 tri1$*a%7 tetra5(ri!a7 a*1u%ar + -iri(e tri1$*a%2 U* !%ar$ e#e-%$ (e %a i-$rta*!ia (e %a 1e$etr,a $%e!u%ar e* %$/ -r$!e/$/ ?u,i!$/ %$ !$*/titu+e %a ?u,i!a (e %a i/i)*2 La %u& ?ue i*!i(e e* %a reti*a7 %a
!a-a !e%u%ar ?ue re!u"re e% i*teri$r (e% 1%$"$ $!u%ar7 e* e/ta e/t* u"i!a(a/ (i0ere*te/ !5%u%a/ 0$t$re!e-t$ra/ ?ue /e e* a0e!ta(a/ -$r (i!8a %u&2 La 1e$etr,a $%e!u%ar e/ !%ae -ara (eteri*a(a/ rea!!i$*e/ + -ara e*te*(er /u/ 0u*!i$*aie*t$/2 C$$ e/ ta"i5* e/e*!ia% -ara e6-%i!ar -r$-ie(a(e/ a!r$/!)-i!a/ (e (i0ere*te/ %,?ui($/7 /)%i($/7 1a/e/2 C$-re*(er %a 1e$etr,a $%e!u%ar *$ /$%$ i-%i!a te$r,a/ a/$!ia(a/ a (ier/a/ i(ea/ a!er!a (e %a ateria + /u/ e/tru!tura/7 /i*$ ta"i5* a %a e6-erie*ta!i)*2 La 1e$etr,a e* ari$/ !a/$/ -ue(e /er !$rr$"$ra(a -$r e6-erie*!ia/ e* %a"$rat$ri$/ (e a%ta te!*$%$1,a7 ($*(e e6-erie*t$/ !$* (i0ra!!i)* (e %u&7 e*tre $tr$/7 -erite* ree%ar !$* !ierta -re!i/i)* %a 1e$etr,a (e %a/ $%5!u%a/2 La 1e$etr,a $%e!u%ar !$$ tea7 -erite %a i*!u%a!i)* (e (ier/$/ !$*te*i($/7 !$$ %$/ /$* %$/ $r"ita%e/7 tra/%a-e/7 8i"ri(a!i)*7 1e$etr,a7 *1u%$/ (e e*%a!e7 e*tre $tra/ !$/a/2 E/t$ %$ !$*ierte e* u* tea i(ea% -ara !%ari0i!ar + e#e-%i0i!ar (ier/$/ !$*!e-t$/2 Tipos de Geometría Molecular:
Geometría lineal: D$/ -are/ (e e%e!tr$*e/ a%re(e($r (e u* t$$ !e*tra%7
%$!a%i&a($/ e* %a($/ $-ue/t$/ + /e-ara($/ -$r u* *1u%$ (e ;JK2
Geometría planar trigonal : Tre/ -are/ (e e%e!tr$*e/ e* t$r*$ a u* t$$ !e*tra%7
/e-ara($/ -$r u* *1u%$ (e ;9K2
Geometría
tetraédrica: Cuatr$
-are/ (e e%e!tr$*e/ a%re(e($r (e u* t$$ !e*tra%7 u"i!a($/ !$* u*a /e-ara!i)* 6ia e?uia%e*te a u* *1u%$ (e ;=7HK 2
Geometría pirámide trigonal : Cuatr$ -are/ (e e%e!tr$*e/ e* t$r*$ a u* t$$
!e*tra7 u*$ (e e%%$/ *$ !$-arti($7 ?ue /e e*!ue*tra* /e-ara($/ -$r u* *1u%$ (e ;K2
Geometría angular: Cuatr$ -are/ (e e%e!tr$*e/ a%re(e($r (e u* t$$ !e*tra%7
!$* ($/ (e e%%$/ *$ !$-arti($/7 ?ue /e (i/ta*!ia* e* u* *1u%$ (e ;<7HK2
