INDIAN SCHOOL OF PETROLEUM
CERTIFIED PETROLEUM MANAGER “UPSTREAM”
FOR
Cairn Energy India PTY Limited,
(3rd Trimester Assignment)
Subject: Code: Date:
Health Safety & Environmental Challenges _____US/3/A_ __________________________ ______20/12/08___________________
Participant Name:
SANTOSH P MHATRE
Enrollment No.
CPM-R-018
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS
Total Marks = 60
SECTION – A; COMPULSORY
Q.1
(1x10= 10)
Complete the following sentences :
1.
EIA is Environmental Impact Assessment
2.
Vehicles moving inside the refinery should have Spark Arrestor
3.
CPCB is Central Pollution Control Board
4.
Cholera is caused by mainly (bacterium Vibrio cholerae ) contaminated water or food
5.
The standard limit for the particulate matter in the sensitive area is 100µg/m 3
6.
The name of the gas ga s that was responsible for Bhopal disaster Methyl Isocynate (MIC) gas
7.
1% is equivalent to 10,000 ppm
8.
Reas onably y Practicable Practi cable ALARP is abbreviation of As Low As Reasonabl
9.
Ear muffs are used to get rid of high decibel noise pollution
10. The standard limit for the particulate matter in the industrial areas is 360 µg/m3 Annual Average and 500 µg/m 3 24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of o f the time, it may exceed but b ut not on two consecutive days d ays
SECTION – B; ATTEMPT ANY THREE QUESTIONS
(3x10= 30)
Q.2
What do you understand by the term “Permit to work system”. Give various permits applicable in a petroleum installation. Ans: The permit is an official record of safe working conditions agreed upon by the issuer and acceptor of the permit for carrying out any maintenance, repair, inspection or modification work. With the permit, comes awareness of safety in general, safety rules, dos and don'ts etc. Some guidelines on selecting a safety work permit system are described below. All maintenance work, working at heights and excavation works is to be covered by a work permit system. The objectives are: To ensure proper authorisation of non-routine non -routine work such as hot work in hazardous area like the • chemical plant, storages, vessel entry excavation, working at heights etc. To make clear to persons carrying out the job the risk involved and precautions to be taken. • To ensure that the person responsible for the area is aware of all work being done there. • To provide a record showing that the method of working and the precautions needed have been • checked by the appropriate persons and if necessary a second opinion is obtained to prevent errors of judgment or adopting short cuts which may increase the risk. The same work permit form could be b e used for company employees doing the work or for the • engaged contractors. The contractor should inform his employees of the work permit procedure and ensure that they are followed. A work safety permit is intended primarily to safeguard people a nd property, but it also may be • needed as evidence in case of claims against the company or their legal actions.
A work permit is generally issued by an operating supervisor called issue of the permit to the maintenance supervisor a contractor, called the acceptor of the permit after ensuring all the necessary precautions. Various permits applicable in a petroleum installation are listed below: • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Cold Work Permit Hot Work Permit Confined Space Entry/Work Permit Excavation Permit Permit to Work on Electrical Equipment Electrical Isolation/Restoration Permit Permit for Closure of Roads Permit for using a Radioactive Source Permit for Working Over/Under Water Vehicle/Crane Entry Permit Permit for .Photography Permit for Isolation of Fire Water System Mine/Rock Blasting Operations
Q.3. What are safety related procedures and safety related rules? Ans: Safety Procedures are all relevant operating procedures pertaining to an activity relevant to a particular installation which are identified and documented clearly in simple language so that everybody working in the installation understands these. Some of the Safety Related Procedures are: Basic safety rules for employees, contractors and visitors • Safe work permit system • Mechanical isolation • Pre-start up safety review • Entering and working in confined spaces • Working at height • Safe scaffolding and ladders • Safe evacuation • Safe handling of hazardous substances • Safe handling of hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, ammonia etc. • Safe uses of hoses • Contactor safety • Ionization radiation safety • Traffic safety inside and outside the installation • safe use of cranes, hoists and other mechanical devices • Safety in manual handling of material • Accident/ incident reporting and investigation • Selection and safe use of personnel protective equipment • Safe transportation of hazardous materials by road, water and rail • Management of plant changes and procedures • Basic Safety Rules Because of inherent hazards in a petroleum installation, it is absolutely necessary that all employees, contractors, visitors, vendors and other third parties must be fully aware of some basic safety requirements to be followed inside the 'A installation. Management should document these basic rules/., requirements and anybody entering the premises must be made familiar with the same. This document should address following items related to the health, safety and environment aspects of the installation: Access/entry to the premises • Restriction on naked lights, sparks, use of cameras • Prohibition of smoking, alcohol and drugs • Traffic control • Use of Personnel Protective Equipment, PPE • Safe Work Permit System • Accident/Incident reporting • Maintaining good house keeping standard • Basic colour codes of piping/equipment, etc. • Safety signage's • Electrical safety • Hazards of flammable products and chemicals • Emergency alarms and communication and what to do in such situations •
• •
Some general dos and don'ts Other specific rules
Basic Safety Rules for Employees, Contractors and Visitors Safe Work Permit System • Mechanical Isolation • Pre Start-up Safety Review • Entering and Working in Confined Spaces • Working at Height • Safe Scaffolding and Ladders • Safe Excavation • Safe Handling of Hazardous Substances • Safe Handling of Hydrogen Sulfide, Chlorine, Ammonia, etc. • Safe Use of Hoses • Contractor Safety • Ionization Radiation Safety • Traffic Safety Inside and Outside the Installation • Safe Use of Cranes, Hoists and other Mechanical Mecha nical Devices • Safety in Manual Handling of Material • Accident /Incident Reporting and Investigation • Selection and Safe Use of Personal Protective Equipment, PPE • Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) Challenges • Basic Rules for Visitors As a bare minimum requirement, every visitor to the premises must be given a safety briefing before giving him an entry pass. As an illustration, a safety briefing developed by petroleum refinery is given below. Every installation should make a similar briefing relevant to its operations and local conditions. Access /Entry to the Premises • Visitors should report to security gate for entry pass • Every person must. display a valid identification badge issued by the security • Visitor should visit the designated area only for which he has obtained the entry pass • He should be accompanied by a company employee • It is forbidden to take children inside the premises • The entire factory is a tobacco free zone • Tobacco in any form-cigarettes, biddies, gutka, etc. , is prohibited • Use of alcohol and drugs is prohibited •
Q.4
Elaborate the importance of risk assessment .Describe in detail various components of risk assessment.
Ans: Risk involves determining what risks the organization faces and determining the relative importance of these risks.Risk management is a structured approach to managing uncertainty related to a threat, a sequence of human activities including: risk assessment, assessment, strategies development to manage it, and mitigation of risk using managerial resources. The strategies include transferring the risk to another party, avoiding the risk, reducing the negative effect of the risk, and accepting some or all of the consequences of o f a particular risk. A risk assessment need not be complex. It is usually a straightforward but conscientious study of anything in the work environment that might hurt someone. Once the assessment is finished, managers review the identified risks and decide the appropriate action to prevent accidents and injuries. The final task is then to create and act upon a risk assessment plan. The objective of risk of risk management is management is to reduce different risks related to a preselected domain to the level accepted by society. It may refer to numerous types of threats caused by environment, techno logy, humans, organizations and politics. All of this is a legal requirement. An employer is o bliged to keep workers and the public safe as far as "reasonably practicable", although the law does do es not demand the eradication of all possibility of risk.
Definitions There are two key definitions to risk assessment work. Hazard A hazard is an actual or potential danger or risk. In other words, it is an item (such as a toxic chemical) or a process (roofing a building, for instance) that may lead to an accident. Risk A risk is a situation that involves an exposure exp osure to a hazard and carries the possibility that something unpleasant may occur. The risk of injury may be low or high, and the result of the harm may be slight or grave.
The five steps There are five steps, endorsed by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) that demonstrate the basics of risk assessment for the majority of organizations. 1. Identify the hazards. Consider how people may be injured in the workplace. Be pro-active and examine the potential hazards, whether they are short or long-term. Also ask for the views of employees and their representatives, and read the accident book and the sick records for anything related to a work-based danger. 2. Establish who might be harmed and how. Before managing a risk, discover the affected groups, and determine the ways wa ys in which they might suffer injury. For example, the company's data input team might have problems with eye strain from staring at computer monitors all day. 3. Evaluate the risks; decide on precautions. At this stage, it is acceptable to work to a standard that is "reasonably practicable". To make the task easier, however, find out what the industry regards as good practice. By comparing a workplace to good practice benchmarks, it becomes easier to match precautions to risks. 4. Record and implement findings. Write down the results of risk assessments and communicate these to staff. Employees are then more likely to understand and support any necessary changes.
5. Review the assessment and update. Ideally, review risk assessments annually. Also consider revising an assessment whenever there is a significant change to any potentially hazardous procedures. There are five basic ways of Risk assessment: Objectives-based risk identification: Organizations and project teams have objectives. Any event • that may endanger achieving an objective partly or completely is identified as risk. Scenario-based risk identification: In scenario analysis different scenarios are created. The • scenarios may be the alternative ways to achieve an objective, or an analysis of the interaction of forces in, for example, a market or battle. Any event that triggers an undesired scenario alternative is identified as risk - see Futures Studies for methodology used by Futurists. Futurists. Taxonomy-based risk identification: The taxonomy in taxonomy-based risk identification is a • breakdown of possible risk sources. Based on the taxonomy and knowledge of best practices, a questionnaire is compiled. The answers to the questions reveal risks. Common-risk Checking: In several industries lists with known risks are available. Each risk in the • list can be checked for application to a particular situation. Risk Charting: This method combines the above approaches by listing Resources at risk, Threats to • those resources Modifying Factors which may increase or decrease the risk and Consequences it is wished to avoid. Creating a matrix under these headings enables a variety of approaches. One can begin with resources and consider the threats they are exposed to and the consequences of each. Alternatively one can start with the threats and examine which resources they would affect, or on e can begin with the consequences and determine which combination of threats and resources would be involved to bring them about.
Q.5 What are the limitations of regulatory agencies? How can you make safety issues effective in your mill? Limitations of Regulatory Agencies Most of the regulatory agencies lay down rules and regulations, which are the minimum basic requirements for the safe design and operation of an installation. Sound and safe engineering practices are equally important but are not adequ ately addressed in their requirements. The statutory and law enforcing agencies are generally slow in updating their rules and requirements to keep pace with the technological and social changes. Further, many regulatory agencies do not have adequate infrastructure and manpower to exercise exe rcise superintendence and control of industrial safety performance on a continuous basis. For example, number of safety inspectors, boiler inspectors and e nvironmental specialist are far less than that would Be required to undertake un dertake meaningful inspection visits to a large number of installations under their jurisdiction. Further the back rod and training that many factory workers have, their visits to factories are restricted to checking basic amenities like first aid facilities, guards for the machines, personal protective equipment, potable water and canteen facilities etc. • • • •
They probably don’t have right training and aptitude for identifying the many process hazards which are not so obvious. Safety issues in our organization can be addressed and made effective in following ways: All employees should have the opportunity to participate • Representation by all departments, locations, operations, divisions, - Include Office staff • Membership should be 5 to 15 (5 to 7 is optimal) • Designee plus alternate • Membership should be on a volunteer basis • Rotate members • Assign specific responsibilities to chairperson, secretary, and members. • Improve Internal Communication • Causes more effective deployment of resources • Forward recommendations to appropriate management • personnel • Prepare periodic loss analysis reports / Large loss report • Follow-up to past recommendations and report status • Conduct meeting in orderly fashion • Set a positive example for safe performance • Conduct inspections according to schedule • Participate in accident investigation and review • Report unsafe acts or conditions • Assign Tasks • – Expe Expect ct Comp Comple leti tion on Establish effective problem solving methods • – How How do they they make make reco recomm mmend endat atio ions ns?? – Who Who do they they issu issuee the them m to? to? – Manage Managemen mentt needs needs to resp respond ond immedi immediatel ately, y, even even Safety Promotion •
– -
Awareness
Posters Envelope stuffers Contests Get everyone involved Make it fun Program Development • – Revi Review ew polic policy y and and proc proced edur ures es – Parti Particip cipate ate in in Acciden Accidentt Invest Investiga igatio tions ns revie reviews. ws. Committee should sign off on all accident investigations • Accident Prevention • Target the key areas • – Ergonomics – Training – JSA’s
SECTION – C; COMPULSORY
(1x20= 20)
Q.6 You are supposed to award some work to outside contractor. What award that work being a Manager- HSE?
will be your criteria to
Ans: One of the most important strategic contract management decisions to be made by the company is on the way in which the contractor, or alliance of contractors, is held responsible for the management of HSE. I would personally as a HSE Manager award the contractor based on two distinctly models as described below: Model-1: The contractor provides people and tools for the execution of work under the supervision, instructions and HSE-MS of the company. The contractor has a management system to provide assurance that the personnel for whom he is responsible are qualified and healthy for the job and that the tools and machinery he is providing are properly maintained and suitable for the job. Model-2: The contractor executes all aspects of the job under its own HSE management System, provides the necessary instructions and supervision and verifies the proper functioning of its HSE Management System. The company is responsible for verifying the overall effectiveness of the HSE management controls put in place by b y the contractor, and assuring that both the company’s and the contractor’s HSE-MS are appropriately compatible. Selection of one of these models is preferred. p referred. However in certain situations it may be necessary to adop t a mixture of the two models. Screening The screening process should be designed to assure that the contractors invited to bid can perform the work to the required HSE criteria. The general approach would be to send a uniform questionnaire (detailed below) to all potential contractors, initial assess their HSE capabilities based on the questionnaire using an equitable measuring system and supplementing this with site inspections of current contract work sites. Contractors which have been used by the company previously can be assessed through the use of close out reports and other historical records. A review of any potential changes to the contractor’s organization, programmes and systems should also be conducted. During pre-qualification of large contractors, especially those with many divisions in numerous co untries, the use of the record of the Corporation may not be appropriate. In such case, the focus should be on the division for the work. HSE requirements should be met before work commences. Bid Documentation of the Company
The selection criteria used would consider significant aspects such as a. Costs. b. Technical ability. c. Reputation, and the ability to meet schedules . d. Capability Capability to to manage HSE HSE should be be available available for various various phases phases of the the project. project. e. The ov overall risk of contract and HSE management should be given appropriate weighting along with other considerations when selection criteria are evaluated. Contractor Compliance criteria: The roles and functions of the company contractor holder include assurance of: 1. The contracto contractor’s r’s line line manageme management nt commitmen commitmentt to HSE HSE issues. issues. 2. Compliance Compliance with with all HSE HSE related related clauses clauses in the contract contract and and the HSE plan. 3. The existenc existencee of contrac contractor’s tor’s internal internal HSE HSE control control syste system. m.
4. The contractor’ contractor’ss monitoring monitoring of the quality, quality, condition condition and integrit integrity y of his plan, equipment equipment and and tools. 5. The contractor’ contractor’ss holding the toolbox, toolbox, PPE PPE compliance compliance audit, audit, safe procedures procedures and HSE HSE meetings. meetings. 6. Contractor’ Contractor’ss implementati implementation on and participat participation ion in emergency emergency exercises exercises and drills. drills. 7. Proper management management of HSE HSE risks risks which which rise from changes changes to to the plan. plan. 8. Compliance Compliance with incident incident and and near-miss near-miss reporti reporting, ng, investigat investigation ion and follow-u follow-up. p. 9. The resoluti resolution on of interf interface ace problems problems between between contractor contractors. s. 10. Competence and close monitoring monitoring of the replacement of personnel. 11. Provision of necessary induction induction courses. 12. Training of contractor personnel in job related activities and procedures. 13. Completion of all agreed upon HSE training, including any specified statutory statutory training requirements. requirements. 14. Availability of HSE documents, instructions and information information leaflets with specific specific attention to use of local language with simple visual measures.
Questionnaire for contractor HSE pre-qualification: Section-1: Leadership and Commitment 1. Commitm Commitment ent to HSE through through leadersh leadership ip a. How are are senior senior managers managers personnaly personnaly involve involved d in HSE HSE managemen management? t? b. Provide Provide evidence evidence of commitme commitment nt at all all levels levels of the the organizati organization? on? c. How do you promote promote a positive positive cultur culturee towards towards HSE HSE matters? matters?
Section-2: Policy and strategic Objectives 1. HSE HSE poli policy cy doc docum umen ents ts a. Does your your company company have any HSE HSE policy policy documents? documents? If the the ans is YES YES please please attach a copy. copy. b. Who has overall overall and final final respons responsibil ibility ity for HSE HSE in your your organizati organization? on? c. Who Who is the the sen senio iorr pers person on in in the the orga organi niza zati tion on res respon ponsi sibl blee for for this this pol polic icy y bein being g carr carrie ied d out at the premises. 2. Availabi Availability lity of of policy policy statem statements ents to to employe employees es a. Itemize Itemize the methods methods by which which you have have drawn policy policy stateme statements nts to the ettent ettention ion of all your your employees. b. What are are your arrangeme arrangements nts for advisi advising ng employees employees of changes changes in the policy policy??
1.
2.
3.
Section-3: Organisation, responsibilities, Resources, Standards and Documnetation Organisation – Commitment an and Co Communication a. How How is mana manage geme ment nt inv invol olve ved d in HSE HSE act activ ivit itie ies, s, obj object ectiv ives es-s -set etti ting ng and and moni monito tori ring ng?? b. How is your your company company structure structured d to manage and communi communicate cate HSE effect effectively ively?? c. What What provi provisi sions ons does does you yourr com compa pany ny make make for for HSE HSE comm communi unicat catio ion n mee meeti ting ngs? s? Com Compete petenc ncee and and trai traini ning ng of mana manage gers rs/s /sup uper ervi viso sors rs/s /sen enio iorr staf staff/ f/HS HSE E advi adviso sors rs a. Have Have the the man manag ager erss and and supe superv rvis isor orss at all all leve levels ls who who wil willl plan plan,, moni monito tor, r, ove overs rsee ee and and carry out work received formal HSE training in their responsibilities with respect to conducting work to HSE requirements? If yes give details. Competence and General HSE training a. What What arra arrang ngem emen ents ts does does your your comp compan any y hav havee to to ens ensur uree new new empl employ oyee eess hav havee knowledge or basic industrial HSE and to keep this knowledge up to date? b. b. What What arra arrang ngem emen ents ts does does your your comp compan any y hav havee to to ens ensur uree new new empl employ oyee eess hav havee knowledge of your HSE policies and practices? c. What What arra arrang ngem emen ents ts does does your your comp compan any y hav havee to to ens ensur uree new new empl employ oyee eess hav havee bee been n instructed and have received information on any specific hazards arising out of nature of activities? What training do your provide to ensure that all employees are aware of company requirements? d. What What arr arran ange geme ment ntss does does you yourr comp compan any y have have to to ensu ensure re exi exist stin ing g staf stafff HSE HSE know knowle ledg dgee is up to date?
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
Specialized training a. How How have have you you iden identi tifi fied ed are areas as of of you yourr comp compan any’ y’ss oper operat atio ions ns whe where re spe speci cial aliz ized ed training is required to deal with potential hazards? HSE qualified staff – additional training a. Does Does your your compan company y empl employ oy any any sta staff ff who who poss posses esss HSE HSE qual qualif ifica icati tions ons that that aim aim to to provide training in more than the basic b asic requirements? Assess sessm ment of suitab tabili ility of subc subco ontra tractor tors/o s/othe ther companies a. How How do do you you asse assess – HSE HSE comp compet etenc ence, e, HSE HSE rec recor ords ds of the the sub subco cont ntra ract ctor or?? b. b. Wher Wheree do you you spe spell ll out out the the sta standa ndard rdss you you requ requir iree you yourr con contr trac acto tors rs to meet meet?? c. How How do do you you ensu ensure re thes thesee sta stand ndar ards ds are are met met and and ver verif ifie ied? d? Standards a. Wher Wheree do you you spe spell ll out out the the HSE HSE perf perfor orma manc ncee stan standar dards ds you you requ requir iree to to be be met met?? b. b. How How do do you you ensu ensure re these hese are are met met and and ver veriified fied?? c. How How do you you iden identi tify fy new new ind indus ustr try y or or regu regula lato tory ry stand standar ards ds that that may may be be appl applic icabl ablee to to your activities? d. Is the there re over overal alll stru struct ctur uree for for produ produci cing, ng, updat updatin ing g and and diss dissem emin inat atin ing g stan standa dard rds? s? Section-4: Hazards and Effects Management Hazards and effects assessment a. What What tec techni hniqu ques es are are use used d with within in you yourr comp compan any y for for the the iden identi tifi ficat catio ion, n, ass asses essm smen ent, t, control and mitigation of hazards and effects? Exposure of the workforce a. What What sys syste tems ms are are in in plac placee to moni monito torr the the expos exposur uree of your your wor workf kfor orce ce to to chem chemic ical al or or physical agents? Personal protective equipments a. What What arra arrang ngem emen ents ts does does your your comp compan any y hav havee for for pro provi visi sion on and upkee upkeep p of PPE PPE and and clothing? Waste Management a. What What sys syste tems ms are are in in plac placee for for ident identif ific icat atio ion, n, clas classi sifi fica cati tion on,, mini minimi mizat zatio ion n and management of waste? Drugs and Alcohol a. Do you you have have a drug drugss and and alco alcoho holl poli policy cy in in your your org organ aniz izat atio ion? n? If If yes yes does does it inc inclu lude de pre-employment and random testing? Section-5: Planning and Procedures HSE or Operations Manuals a. Do you you have have a comp compan any y HSE HSE manua manuall whi which ch pro provi vides des the the deta detail ilss of work work proce procedu dure res? s? b. b. How How do do you you ensu ensure re the the work work prac practi tice cess are are foll follow owed ed?? Equipment control and maintenance a. How do you ensure ensure that that plant and and equipment equipment used within within your your premises, premises, on-sit on-sitee or at other locations by your employees are correctly registered, controlled and maintained in a safe working condition? Road Safety Management a. What arrangem arrangements ents does does your company have for combating combating road road and vehicle vehicle accident accidents? s? Section-6: Implementation and Performance Monitoring Management and performance monitoring of work activities a. What What arra arrang ngem emen ents ts does does your your comp compan any y hav havee for for supe superv rvis isio ion n and and moni monito tori ring ng of of performance? b. b. What What type type of of per perfo form rman ance ce cri crite teri riaa are are use used d in in you yourr com compa pany ny?? HSE performance achievement awards
a. Has Has your your compa company ny rece receiv ived ed any any awa award rd for for HSE HSE perfo perform rman ance ce achi achieve eveme ment? nt? Statutory notifiable incidents/dangerous occurances a. Has Has your your compa company ny suf suffe fere red d any any not notif ifia iabl blee inci incide dent ntss in in the the las lastt fiv fivee yea years rs?? HSE performance records a. Have you mainta maintained ined records records of your incidents incidents and HSE HSE performance performance for the last five years? years? b. How is heal health th perfo performa rmance nce reco recorde rded? d? c. How is is enviro environme nmenta ntall perform performanc ancee recorde recorded? d? d. How often often is is HSE perfo performa rmance nce revie reviewed wed?? By Whom? Whom? Incident investigation and reporting a. Who conduct conductss incid incident ent inves investig tigati ation? on? b. How are are finding findingss communica communicated ted across across the organiz organization ation?? c. Are near near miss miss safety safety learni learnings ngs repor reported ted?? Section-7: Auditing and Review 1. Auditing a. Do you you have have a wri writtten ten pol polic icy y on HSE HSE audi auditting? ng? b. b. How How does does thi thiss poli policy cy spe speci cify fy the the sta standa ndard rdss for for audi auditi ting ng and and the the qual qualif ific icat atio ions ns for for auditors? c. Do your your comp compan any y HSE HSE plan planss incl includ udee sch schedu edule less for forau audi diti ting ng and and what what ran range ge of auditing is covered? d. How How is the the effe effect ctiv ivene eness ss of aud audit itin ing g verif verifie ied d and and how how does does mana manage geme ment nt repo report rt and and follow up audits? Section-8: HSE Management – Additional Features 1. Memberships of ofAssociations a. Desc Descri ribe be the the natu nature re and and exten extentt of your your compa company ny’s ’s par parti tici cipat patio ion n in rele releva vant nt ind indus ustr try, y, trade and governmental organisations? 2. Additio tional nal fe featu atures of your our HS HSE ma managem gement ent a. Does Does your your compan company y hav havee any any oth other er HSE HSE fea featu ture ress not not des descr crib ibed ed els elsew ewhe here re in this this questionnaire?