FILOSOFIA DA RELIGIÃO
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
I. INTRODUÇÃO______________________________________________________________4 1. A Filosofia da religião na história da filosofia........................................................................ 4 a) Filosofia Grega (séculos V-IV a.C.)................ a.C.).......................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... .............. .... 4 b) Filosofia Romana (século I)....................................................................................................................5 c) Filosofia Medieval (séculos XIII-XIV).......... XIII-XIV)..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ............... ..... 5 d) Renascimento (século XV)................ XV).......................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... .................. ........55 e) Racionalismo (século XVII).............. XVII)........................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................. ....... 5 f) Iluminismo (século XVIII)......................................................................................................................6 g) Escola Sociológica (século XIX).............. XIX)......................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... .....................6 ...........6 h) Escola Psicológica (século XIX).............. XIX)........................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... 6 i) Evolucionismo Evolucionismo (século XIX)............... XIX).......................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ................. ......66 j ) Marxismo (século XX)................. XX)........................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .............. ... 7 k) Escola Etnológica (século XX)...............................................................................................................7
2. Método da filosofia da religião................................. religião....................................................... ............................................. ......................................... .................. 7 3. Elementos básicos da religião.................................. religião......................................................... ............................................. ......................................... ................... 8 4. Constantes religiosas................................... religiosas......................................................... ............................................. ............................................. ................................ .......... 8 a) Constante Telúrica............. Telúrica........................ ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ............... 9 b) Constante Celeste....................................................................................................................................9 c) Constante Étnico-Política......................................................................................................................10 d) Constante Mistérica............. Mistérica........................ ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ................... ......... 11 e) Constantes das Religiões Universais............ Universais....................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............... .... 12
5. Principais religiões.................................. religiões........................................................ ............................................. .............................................. .................................. ........... 13 a) Religiosidade do Homem Paleolítico....................................................................................................13 b) Religião do Egito Antigo............... Antigo......................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ....................13 .........13 c) Religião da Mesopotâmia............ Mesopotâmia....................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ............ 14 d) Religião Greco-Romana........... Greco-Romana..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .............. .... 14 e) Religião dos Celtas e dos Vikings............... Vikings......................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ ...... 15 f) Religião dos Astecas e dos Incas...........................................................................................................15 g) Hinduísmo.............................................................................................................................................16 h) Confucionismo......................................................................................................................................18 i) Taoísmo............. Taoísmo........................ ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................. ....... 19 j) Budismo.................................................................................................................................................20 k) Jinismo..................................................................................................................................................22 l) Zoroastrismo..........................................................................................................................................23 m) Maniqueísmo.............. Maniqueísmo........................ .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................. ....... 23 n) Islamismo..............................................................................................................................................24 o) Judaísmo............... Judaísmo......................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... .............. .... 26 p) Cristianismo..........................................................................................................................................30
6. Formas religiosas derivadas ou degeneradas....................................................................... 38 7. A secularização da sociedade................................................................................................. 39 II. DEFINIÇÃO DEFINIÇÃ O E FUNDAMENTAÇÃO FUNDAMENT AÇÃO DA RELIGIÃO_____ REL IGIÃO_________________ _______________________ ___________41
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
3. Fundamentação axiológica e dinâmica da religião ............................................................. 45 a) fundamentação axiológica ou das perfeições.............. perfeições......................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ...........45 .45 b) fundamentação dinâmica.............. dinâmica........................ ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ........... 46
4. Conclusões................................ Conclusões....................................................... .............................................. ............................................. ............................................. .......................... ... 46 III. NOÉTICA DA RELIGIÃO__________________________________________________48 1. Consciência da religião por via do intelecto......................................................................... 48 a) O conhecimento pela presença da própria essência divina (conhecimento intuitivo)........... intuitivo)..................... ............... ..... 48 b) O conhecimento pela presença da própria essência divina................ divina.......................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ....................49 .........49 c) O conhecimento indireto ou “per analogiam”.............. analogiam”........................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ......... 49 d) Os que negam esta via de acesso................. acesso........................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ................. ...... 49
2. Consciência da religião por via da vontade.......................................................................... 50 3. Consciência da religião por via da sensibilidade.................................................................. 50 a) Esclarecimentos Esclarecimentos importantes............ importantes....................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................ ...... 50 b) Se a religião pode ser objeto destas realidades............... realidades.......................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................51 .......51 c) A religião nas paixões e sentimentos............. sentimentos....................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ............... ....51 51 d) A religião nos instintos.............. instintos........................ ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... .............. ... 52 e) Possibilidade do ateísmo no âmbito da noética da religião.............. religião........................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .......... 53
IV. ATITUDE DO HOMEM HO MEM DIANTE DA CONSCIÊNCIA CONSC IÊNCIA DA RELIGIÃO________ RELIGI ÃO____________ ____54 1. O ateísmo.................................. ateísmo........................................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................. ........................... .... 54 2. A única atitude racional ante a consciência da religião....................................................... 54 ANEXO 1____________________________________________________________________55 “Para quê ter uma religião” (D. Estevão Bittencourt, PR 297/1987)..................................... 55 ANEXO 2____________________________________________________________________64 “Compreendendo a Nova Era” (D. Estevão Bittencourt, Bittencourt, PR 379/1993)....................... 379/1993)................................ ......... 64
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
I. INTRODUÇÃO
A filosofia, de uns tempos para cá, viu-se na necessidade de estudar o fato religioso. Com o advento da filosofia imanentista, a transcendência ao absoluto que sempre foi admitida como uma realidade natural no homem, começa a ser questionada. Surgem diferentes posicionamentos a seu respeito: desde a sua negação por completo, como à sua absolutização, chegando-se a afirmar que é um fato evidente, inquestionável. Infelizmente, até o presente momento, fez-se pouca filosofia sobre a religiosidade. Os livros que se encontram a este respeito, são de caráter muito mais sociológico do que filosófico. Este estudo pretende ir um pouco mais além, tentando responder perguntas como estas: possui a religiosidade um fundamento antropológico, mais ainda, metafísico? Se há um fundamento na natureza humana, porque muitos homens não são religiosos? A religiosidade é um sentimento ou é mais do que isto? É de capital importância encontrar respostas a estas perguntas, para que a nossa fé seja mais sólida e não dependa apenas da cultura em que vivemos ou de um bom senso sem explicação, facilmente atacado por aqueles que se empenham em excluir Deus da sua vida.
1. A Filosofia da religião na história da filosofia
Verifica-se que a religião constitui uma das dimensões centrais da existência humana: a mais básica e distintiva distintiva do ser humano. Assim, foi objeto de reflexão desde os primórdios da filosofia, sendo que, a partir do século XVII começa a surgir uma postura crítica, que subsiste ainda, mas que pouco a pouco vai sendo desmistificada com os estudos mais recentes sobre as origens e bases do fenômeno religioso: a) Filosofia Grega (séculos V-IV a.C.)
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
cujo substrato último estaria num Deus Supremo e Transcendente (Anaximandro, Parmênides, Heráclito e Aristóteles); b) Filosofia Romana (século I) Manifesta sua rejeição pela concepção mitológica da religião civil do Estado, como meras fábulas, propugnando pela adoção de uma religião natural de união da alma com o Transcendente (Sêneca e Varrão); c) Filosofia Medieval (séculos XIII-XIV) Caracteriza-se pela defesa filosófica da religião cristã e pela demonstração racional da existência de Deus e de suas características (S. Agostinho, S. Anselmo e S. Tomás de Aquino); d) Renascimento (século XV) Com a redescoberta do mundo greco-romano, busca-se formular uma síntese dos elementos religiosos de diversas procedências, com a intenção de descobrir um fundo religioso universal e deduzir-se uma doutrina metafísica universal (Ficino e Mirandola); e) Racionalismo (século XVII) Começa a colocar em xeque a religião, pretendendo racionalizar o fenômeno religioso, a partir da negação de qualquer revelação divina (Hume, Tindal e Toland);
Hegel interpreta la r. dentro la prospettiva kantiana della sola ragione e vede in essa il secondo momento del sapere assoluto, quando lo spirito prende coscienza di se stesso e diventa "autocoscienza". Subito dopo Hegel, con Feuerbach, Marx, Engels, Comte, Nietzsche inizia la demistificazione della r. Alla r. fu fatale, tra l'altro, il nesso che essa sembrava avere con l'idealismo, per cui la demolizione di quest'ultimo sembrò trascinare con sé anche il crollo della r. Si cercò di dimostrare che essa non ha nessun fon fonda dame ment ntoo ogget oggetti tivo vo.. Se ne rice ricerc rcòò l'or l'orig igin inee nei nei vari vari sent sentim imen enti ti di impotenza di fronte alla natura (Feuerbach), di compensazione nella vita futur futuraa per ciò che manca manca nella nella vita vita prese presente nte (Marx) (Marx),, di rise risenti ntimen mento to (Nietzsche), di sublimazione degli istinti (Freud), di autotrascendimento
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Marx, Marx, Nietzs Nietzsche che,, Freud, Freud, Bloch Bloch risul risultan tanoo chiara chiaramen mente te ridutt riduttiv ivist istich ichee e sempl semplic icist istich ichee e pertan pertanto to assolu assolutam tament entee ina inadeg deguat uate. e. Esse Esse tentan tentanoo di trasf trasform ormare are in un fenome fenomeno no seconda secondario rio,, accide accidenta ntale le e tutto tutto sommat sommatoo trascurabile ciò che invece risulta profondamente radicato nella natura umana e che costituisce sempre una componente fondamentale e primaria della cultura. "Attraverso la parte più illustre della storia umana, in tutti i secoli e in qualsiasi stadio della società, la r. è stata la forza centrale unificatrice della cultura. È stata custode della tradizione, preservatrice della legge morale, educatrice e maestra di sapienza. [...] La r. è la chiave della storia. Non possiamo comprendere le strutture intime di una società, se non conosciamo bene la sua r. Non possiamo capire le sue conquiste culturali, se non comprendiamo le credenze religiose che stanno dietro di esse. In tutte le età le prime elaborazioni creative di una cultura sono dovute ad un'ispirazione religiosa e dedicate ad un fine religioso. La r. sta alla soglia di tutte le grandi letterature del mondo. La filosofia è un suo prodotto ed è un rampollo che fa continuamente ritorno al proprio genitore" (Ch. Daws Dawson on,, Reli Religi gion on and and Cult Cultur ure, e, 1948, 1948, pp. 49-5 49-50) 0)(B (Bat atti tist staa Mo Mondi ndin, n, Dizionario Teologico e Filosofico). f) Iluminismo (século XVIII) Na linha do racionalism racionalismo, o, caracteriza-se caracteriza-se pela negação negação das religiões religiões positivas (especialmente do cristianismo), sustentando um deísmo como crença geral na existência de um Ser Supremo, sem que deva existir qualquer Igreja ou sistema organizado de culto (Voltaire, Diderot e D’Alembert); D’Alembe rt); g) Escola Sociológica (século XIX) Pretende que o fenômeno religioso seja necessariamente social, constituindo um sistema solidário de crenças e práticas relativas a coisas sagradas, adotadas por uma comunidade (Durkheim, Weber, Croce e Gentile), esquecendo, no entanto, que o sentimento religioso tem sua dimensão pessoal; h) Escola Psicológica (século XIX) Reduz o fenômeno religioso à consciência individual, surgindo do subconsciente o sentimento religioso e todas as crenças (Schleiermacher, Freud, Hartmann e James), o que descartaria a possibilidade de revelação divina ao homem;
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
j) Marxismo (século XX) Concepção de que a religião é o ópio do povo, a maior das alienações, uma vez que aquilo que se atribui a Deus seria próprio da Humanidade como um todo (Feuerbach e Marx); k) Escola Etnológica (século XX) Procura mostrar, através do estudo dos povos primitivos e das culturas rudimentares, que a crença num Deus Supremo e Único foi, desde os começos, a forma religiosa originária, sendo as religiões politeístas posteriores corruptelas da crença original (Lang e Schmidt). Como se vê, a partir deste breve esboço histórico, já se afirmou tudo a respeito da religião: religião: que existe, que não existe, que é um sentimento, sentimento, que é um instinto, que é uma alienação, que é uma criação humana, etc, etc. A avaliação do que realmente é a religião, sua existência, seu fundamento, será visto no segundo capítulo.
2. Método da filosofia da religião
Para o estudo filosófico da religião, vários são os métodos utilizados: Método histórico-crítico comparativo – comparar as várias religiões no tempo e no espaço, buscando seus traços comuns e suas diferenças específicas, para verificar o que constitui a essência do fenômeno religioso; Método Filológico – mediante o estudo comparado das línguas, busca en-
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
3. Elementos básicos da religião
Constituem elementos básicos de toda religião, o que se denominam de: •
religioso primário (componente racional e interno) – reconhecimento interior da existência de Deus e da dependência do homem em relação a Ele, plasmado num conhecimento superior (fé) das realidades terrenas e transcendentes (concepção do mundo, do homem e de Deus);
•
religioso secundário (componente afetivo e externo) – manifestações externas e objetivas, pessoais e coletivas, derivadas desse reconhecimento da existência e da dependência de Deus, que plasmam e externam o desejo de honrar, servir e amar a Divindade (ritos, cerimônias, moral).
Se, por um lado, tudo o que o homem faz pode ser considerado como “religioso secundário” (dada a total dependência do homem em relação a Deus: “quer comais, quer bebais ou façais qualquer outra coisa, fazei-o por amor a Deus”), por outro, o mais especificamente especificamente “religioso secundário”, secundário”, como manifestação manifestação característica do culto a Deus, é constituído por: •
orações com suas variadas formas de gestos e palavras;
•
sacrifícios sacrifícios oferecidos oferecidos à Divindade, Divindade, em suas variantes cruentas cruentas e incruentas;
•
ritos sagrados, tanto públicos e sociais, quanto privados; e
•
altares e templos em que se realizam essas orações, sacrifícios e cerimônias.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
respeito à concepção do mundo, do homem e de Deus que corresponde à realidade. Daí o antagonismo entre as posturas extremistas: Reducionista - “Quem conhece uma religião, especialmente o cristianismo, conhece todas” (Harnack); Relativista Relativista - “Quem conhece apenas uma religião, religião, não conhece conhece nenhuma” nenhuma” (Max Müller). a) Constante Telúrica A forma mais antiga de representação da divindade foi a da Deusa Mãe Terra (Tellus = Terra): figuras femininas encontradas desde 30.000 a.C. (ídolo feminino da fecundidade, com seios e útero exageradamente desenvolvidos ou com muitos seios). Essa representação destacava o sentido sagrado da terra e o ciclo da vida, da primavera ao inverno (renascer primaveril, maturidade estival e morte invernal), com a fertilidade agrária e a fecundidade humana, até sua volta às entranhas da terra, com a morte, que não é o fim, já que se acredita numa vida além da morte (Na terra – humus – se esconderia a origem e o destino do homem – homo). O cristianismo veio a dar um outro sentido às festas pagãs (pagã = do campo), que celebravam as estações do ano, comemorando, nesses dias, os mistérios cristãos (Ex: Em vez de festejar o Deus-Sol no dia primeiro do ano, celebrar a Santa Maria, Mãe de Deus). Em todos os povos de religiosidade telúrica telú rica (Egito Antigo, Mesopotâmia, Aztecas, Povos Negros Africanos), a suprema divindade era representada pela Deusa Terra, simbolizada por uma figura feminina ou, mais comumente, por um animal
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
A evolução posterior dessas religiões conduz ao politeísmo, mas no qual há sempre um deus principal entre os muitos que são reconhecidos (12 deuses supremos romanos, correspondentes aos 12 gregos; mil deuses hititas; 3 mil deuses babilônicos; 330 milhões de deuses hindus). Esse deus supremo é concebido na forma masculina masculina e como Pai dos dos demais deuses e homens homens (Iu-piter romano romano = Deus Pai). A suprema divindade das religiões celestes tem no seu nome algum elemento que dê a idéia de luz, céu, claridade (Deus, lembrando dies = dia). Ademais, há, para o mesmo deus, um nome “terreno” (usado pelos mortais) e um nome “celeste” (usado pelos deuses). Enquanto o designativo da suprema divindade telúrica é Grande (pela imensidão da Terra), o da suprema divindade celeste é Altíssima (pela elevação aos Céus). Diante da divindade telúrica, surge no homem a sensação do fascinans (atração, emoção, sedução), enquanto a divindade celeste desperta a sensação do tremendum (temor, medo e reverência): Se, por um lado, os fenômenos metereológicos despertavam nos povos primitivos um temor, por outro, esse poder divino despertava também segurança e confiança. Apesar do antropomorfismo que caracteriza as religiões celestes (representação humana da divindade), com os deuses sendo retratados em forma corporal e com virtudes e defeitos humanos, participando das vicissitudes terrenas (poemas homéricos), há uma nítida separação entre o celeste e o terreno: o pecado dos homens é orgulho de querer chegar até o lugar dos deuses (Prometeu na mitologia grega) ou se tornar imortais (Gilgamesh na mitologia sumério-acadiana). Daí que o próprio do homem deve ser a humildade (humilis), que tem a mesma raiz de terra (humus). O símbolo da águia atacando a serpente representará a futura superação
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Ausência de um fundador conhecido – a origem da religião se perde na noite dos tempos (tradição oral, desde as próprias origens do homem e dos primeiros clãs, tribos e nações). Coletivismo Religioso – a pessoa se relaciona com a divindade mais como membro da comunidade do que como indivíduo (a religião é vista como um dever cívico). Pragmatismo religioso – as práticas e rituais religiosos buscam primordialmente a conservação e prosperidade terrena da comunidade, mais do que a salvação ultraterrena da alma (o pecado se confunde com delito civil e deve ser evitado não tanto por ter um castigo eterno, mas por comprometer a segurança da comunidade, ao atrair a ira dos deuses). Ausência de um corpo doutrinário estruturado - culto basicamente sacrificial, sendo os sacerdotes apenas ministros do culto e não mestres que ensinam uma doutrina salvífica). Caráter teocrático do Estado - ser cidadão é pertencer à mesma comunidade político-religiosa e ter os mesmos deuses protetores (ser banido do Estado é ficar sem pátria e sem deuses). Identificação do governante com a divindade – o monarca é reconhecido como filho dos deuses e seu representante na Terra (representado muitas vezes pelo Sol: faraós egípcios, imperadores romanos e japoneses, monarcas incas), cabendo-lhe a intermediação com os deuses (sacerdócio) e a condução político-militar da nação. Ausência de proselitismo - membros da comunidade são apenas os membros da nação (concepção de povo escolhido pelos deuses). Endogamia familiar ou tribal – casamento, dentro da família real, entre ir-
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
a divindade. O sentido da palavra não era de algo oculto, oculto, mas, pelos rituais rituais adotados, incompreensíveis e chocantes para os não iniciados, passaram a ser ocultados, para evitar perseguições. Esses rituais, que marcavam o renascimento da pessoa, tinham as seguintes constantes: Introdução da serpente (viva nos começos e depois de metal) no seio do iniciante ciante (sinal de consagração consagração)) – contato corporal corporal e íntimo com a divindade, divindade, como símbolo de sua união com ela; Omofagia – despedaçar e comer cru ao animal teofânico, para incorporar as virtudes da divindade; Incubação – dormir em contato direto com a terra, para receber dela as virtudes curativas e previsoras do futuro; Práticas catárticas – retiros, jejuns, flagelações, abluções, acusação pública das próprias faltas, etc. As características básicas da constante mistérica são: Henoteísmo Henoteísmo (hen = principal + theos = deus) – união de uma divindade feminina minina principal principal com um jovem deus inferior, inferior, que morre morre todos os anos, para de
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Fundador conhecido – têm início conhecido no tempo, fundadas por um personagem histórico; Universalidade da mensagem – são supranacionais, visando estender sua doutrina salvadora ao mundo inteiro (proselitistas); Livro Religioso como base da doutrina – sua mensagem básica encontra-se recolhida em livros sagrados de caráter irreformável, conservados na língua original, ainda que não mais falada (só para a liturgia); Vigência Atual – encontradas atualmente nos povos desenvolvidos ou em desenvolvimento.
5. Principais religiões
a) Religiosidade do Homem Paleolítico Observa-se, desde os primórdios da Humanidade, o costume do homem enterrar seus mortos, sendo encontrados túmulos em que os ossos estão acompanhados por utensílios, o que demonstra a crença na vida ultraterrena.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
alma não se desfizesse. Construíram grandes templos para o culto de seus deuses. c) Religião da Mesopotâmia Os babilônios e assírios eram politeístas, possuindo mais de 3.300 divindades. Porém, por cima de todas essas divindades se reconhece a Assur-Marduk como Deus Supremo (Assur para os assírios e Marduk para os babilônios), sendo que todas as demais teriam, na verdade, uma certa identidade com a mesma natureza divina (diferentes nomes de um mesmo Deus). Seu culto público se dava em pirâmides escalonadas em patamares, denominadas de zigurates. d) Religião Greco-Romana Politeísmo antropomórfico, de constante celeste, sendo os principais deuses os que figuram no quadro comparativo abaixo:
PRINCIPAIS DEUSES GRECO-ROMANOS GRÉCIA ROMA ATRIBUTOS Pai dos Deuses e Senhor do Trovão Z Jú i
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Cronus Rhea Eros Hypnos Gea
Saturno Ops Cupido Sonus Terra
Deus do Céu e da Agricultura e Governante dos Titãs.
Têmis Pan
Têmis Pan
Deusa da Justiça (segunda mulher de Zeus)
Deusa Mãe (Esposa de Cronus) Deus do Amor Deus do Sono Mãe da Terra Deus dos Bosques e das Pastagens
Acreditavam na predestinação, procurando ver nos augúrios (vôos de aves ou entranhas de um animal sacrificado) o que estava predestinado pelos deuses. Concepção fatalista da vida. e) Religião dos Celtas e dos Vikings Os Celtas enterravam seus mortos com as armas, comida, roupas e jóias, na crença de que necessitariam delas na outra vida. Adoravam, além de deuses e deusas, o javali, por sua coragem e ferocidade (tereomorfismo) e as cabeças cortadas dos inimigos (fincadas em postes, como sagradas). Os druidas eram os sacer-
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Já os Astecas possuíram uma religião cruenta de sacrifícios humanos: acreditavam que a manutenção da luz solar dependia do oferecimento de vítimas humanas ao Deus Sol (alimentar os deuses com a “água sagrada”, que seria o sangue). Sacrificavam milhares de pessoas, quer fossem inimigos capturados nas guerras, quer fossem crianças preparadas para isso. Arrancavam da vítima o coração ainda batendo, para esfregá-lo na parede do templo. Seus principais deuses eram Tonatiuh (Deus do Sol), Tezcatlipoca (Deusa da Noite), Coatlicue (Deusa Mãe Terra), Quetzalcoatl (Deus da Sabedoria), Tlaloc (Deus da Chuva). g) Hinduísmo É a religião nacional do povo indiano (permeia toda a vida do indiano, desde o levantar-se até o deitar-se). O sânscrito (idioma dos escritos sagrados hindus) não tem uma palavra para designar “religião”: “religião”: a palavra palavra dharma significa a realidade realidade total. total. Assim, cabem, dentro do hinduísmo, hinduísmo, as concepções concepções religiosas religiosas de outros povos (Mahatma Gandhi pregava uma síntese de todas as religiões, num amálgama sincretista que não excluísse nenhuma). Evolução histórica: Panteísmo Védico (séc. XII-IX a. C.) – anterior à invasão dos povos indoeu-
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Sistema de Castas e a crença na Reencarnação: A sociedade indiana está dividida em castas, sendo a explicação política-religiosa ligiosa dessa diferenciação diferenciação explicada pelo quadro abaixo (os povos arianos arianos indoeuropeus, quando invadem a Índia, submetem a civilização harappiana existente, fixando as crenças na sociedade estratificada de origem divina):
CASTA Brahmane
ORIGEM DIVINA Cabeças de Brahman
FUNÇÃO Sacerdotes
ORIGEM HUMANA Arianos Loiros
Ksatriya
Braços de Brahman
Nobres e Guerreiros
Arianos Brancos
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
contínuas contínuas mudanças e reencarnaç reencarnações), ões), até que se liberte liberte definitivame definitivamente nte desses desejos, através das boas ações. Os avatares (= descida) são seres nos quais a divindade se encarna periodicamente (alguns desses seriam Buda, Bud a, Ghandi e o próprio Jesus Cristo). Além de panteísta (confusão entre Deus e o Mundo, sendo o princípio das coisas imanente ao próprio mundo), o hinduísmo é também politeísta (milhões de deuses, masculinos e femininos) e enoteísta (3 divindades principais: Brahma, Criador do Universo, representado com 4 cabeças; Siva, Transformador do Universo, representado com 4 braços; e Visnú, Conservador do Universo, também representado com 4 braços. Ritual:
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
•
Relação de mútuo amor entre pais e filhos;
•
Relação de fidelidade entre marido e mulher;
•
Relação de respeito entre velhos e jovens;
•
Relação de lealdade entre amigos.
Os pressupostos fundamentais do sistema confuciano são: •
Crença na bondade natural do homem;
•
Inexistência de uma culpa ou pecado original;
•
Capacidade de salvação pelo esforço natural do homem, através do exercício das virtudes, superando a maldade decorrente da má edu-
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
•
“Yang” “Yang” (ativo, (ativo, masculino, masculino, transcendent transcendente, e, quente, quente, luminoso, luminoso, duro, seco, céu).
Admite a tradição mítica chinesa, de que, da união do Céu (masculino) e da Terra (feminina) teriam nascido todas as coisas (vestígio das constantes celeste e telúrica). Os próprios imperadores chineses eram vistos como “filhos do Céu”. O homem possuiria um corpo e duas almas: Alma “p’oh” – permanecia, depois da morte, junto ao cadáver no reino do deus da terra (necessitava de alimentos, roupas, armas e utensílios; daí que junto aos túmulos dos imperadores e nobres falecidos deviam ser enterrados suas mulheres, servos, cavalos e demais instrumentos necessários para a vida após a morte);
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
O budismo, em sua forma original, não é uma religião (pois não fala em Deus ou salvação como união com a divindade), nem uma ética (pois não propõe regras de vida para o convívio social e carece da referência a um legislador superior), mas um “caminho” para a superação dos sofrimentos desta vida, em busca do Nirvana (a outra margem), onde a pessoa se perderia no Todo, aniquilando-se integralmente. O budismo admite a reencarnação como meio de contínua purificação dos seres, até seu total aperfeiçoamento (milhões de anos, até atingir o estado de bodhisattva, última reencarnação sob forma humana, antes de libertar-se totalmente da matéria). A doutrina básica do budismo segue a seguinte cosmovisão:
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Mahayana (“Grande Veículo”) – interpretação menos rigorista do budismo original, adaptada à vivência laical (busca da salvação, pela prática das boas obras, consistente num estado de beatitude no nirvana, com o reconhecimento da existência de uma divindade).
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
l) Zoroastrismo O fundador do zoroastrismo foi Zoroastro (ou Zarathustra), nobre e sacerdote persa que viveu no século VI a. C., teve várias esposas e filhos e sucesso na
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
na, de caráter dualista, considerando o espírito bom e a matéria má. Percorre a Índia e a Pérsia pregando pregando sua nova religião, religião, sendo finalmente finalmente preso pelos magos persas, morrendo na prisão. Os pontos principais do maniqueísmo são:
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
na no ano de 622 (é a hégira, que marca o início do calendário muçulmano). Após a morte de sua primeira mulher, casa-se com várias outras, defendendo, a partir de então, a poligamia. Reunindo muitos adeptos ao seu redor, volta para Meca, apodera-se da cidade e inicia a guerra santa (“jihad”) para levar a religião “revela-
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
do meio-dia na mesquita); 3) Dar esmola; 4) Jejum durante todos os dias do mês de Ramadã (do nascer ao por do sol), abstendo-se de alimentos, bebidas, fumo, perfumes e relações sexuais; e 5) Peregrinação a Meca uma vez na vida.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Tenham-se em vista, aliás, as considerações de psicólogos recentes, dos quais Carl Gustav Jung é um representante representante significativ significativo; o; ao contrário contrário de Freud, que desprezava a religião, Jung valorizou a dimensão de fé como integrante do psiquismo humano, sem o qual a saúde mental é afetada. A propósito, queira conferir PR 289/1986, pp. 277s. 3. Mas por que tanta indiferença? Apesar do papel capital do encontro com Deus na vida do homem, registrase grande faixa de indiferença religiosa na sociedade contemporânea. - Por quê? As causas são múltiplas. Poremos em relevo algumas que parecem mais importantes. 1) Muitas e muitas pessoas são tão absorvidas pelos problemas imediatos e urgentes da vida que não têm as disposições de ânimo necessárias para refletir sobre o sentido da própria vida: encontram-se sempre fora de si mesmas, emaranhadas em dificuldades que não lhes deixam tempo e gosto para a reflexão. Ademais a civilização contemporânea é rumorosa; provoca trepidação contínua e dos mais diversos tipos, que dificulta ao cidadão o recolhimento silencioso; o bombardeio de fatos e o suceder-se de imagens ocupam-lhe a imaginação e o pensamento. Isto tudo faz que o homem de hoje esteja pouco habituado a entrar em si mesmo, embora muito precise desse exercício. Ora, para aprofundar a questão religiosa, é indispensável a capacidade de refletir e fazer silêncio interior; sem esta, a pessoa é tragada pelo turbilhão dos bens transitórios, podendo mesmo esquecer que tudo passa, mas as aspirações congênitas do ser humano não passam. 2) Outras pessoas há que são absorvidas não por problemas de subsistência, mas pelo afã de gozar a vida, ganhar dinheiro, conseguir êxito na sua carreira, a ponto de não conceberem nem o gosto nem o interesse pelos problemas do espírito. O materialismo e o consumismo têm o triste poder de extinguir no homem a aspiração para Deus e a têmpera religiosa, que são constitutivas do psiquismo humano. Quem é tomado pelo anseio de possuir sempre mais bens materiais, fica embotado para os valores transcendentais; já não experimenta necessidade religiosa nem vê utilidade na fé. Isto explica que a crise religiosa seja hoje mais forte não nos países em que a fé é perseguida e sufocada, mas nos países ricos do Ocidente materialista e consumista.
Dirá alguém: mas há pessoas que afirmam ser felizes sem religião. Perguntamos: será realmente assim? Há momentos em que a vida mostra seu rosto dramático mediante uma doença grave, uma desgraça, um revés financeiro, um luto,
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
consciência de que é mesquinho e volúvel tudo o que lhe acarretava segurança e bem-estar; é amarga a condição do homem. Faz-se então sentir a necessidade de algo que, em meio à volubilidade geral, seja estável, ou entre as incertezas seja verdade firme. Em última análise, esta é a necessidade de Deus, que por definição é o Bem Absoluto e Imutável. Por conseguinte não é plenamente verdade que alguém possa viver feliz sem religião. Por algum tempo talvez isto possa acontecer mas o passar dos anos encarrega se de fazer sentir a todo homem a necessidade de Deus. Verdade é que tal necessidade pode ser interpretada erroneamente; o homem pode procurar em cisternas furadas aquilo de que carece (cf. Jr 2,13); pode bater em portas falsas à procura da verdadeira resposta para seus anseios. Isto não impede que cedo ou tarde o indivíduo seja, de algum modo posto diante do problema religioso 3) O desinteresse de muitos também se pode explicar como efeito da luta que o racionalismo vem movendo contra os valores da fé desde o século XVIII. Com efeito, a religião tem sido acusada de ser desarrazoada, desarrazoada, infantil infantil ou um con junto da fábulas e mitos..., de ser alienante e, por isto, prejudicial à sociedade, ... de alimentar o fanatismo fanatismo e a intolerância... intolerância...,, de ser contrária contrária à ciência ou obscurantista, responsável pelo subdesenvolvimento de seus adeptos. A polêmica antireligiosa suscitou em torno da religião um clima de ceticismo, suspeitas e aversão; em conseqüência, para muitos, quem abraça a religião dá provas de pouca cultura, fraqueza de personalidade, infantilismo, medo, falta de senso crítico... Em tal contexto compreende-se que o número de pessoas “sem religião” tenda a aumentar. Na verdade, algumas destas acusações têm seu fundamento na conduta deficiente de pessoas ou grupos religiosos; deram à sua fé expressões inadequadas ou caricaturais, que provocaram o desdém dos racionalistas. Além disto, é preciso que não se apliquem critérios do presente a épocas passadas; o que para os homens de hoje é evidente no plano da ciência, da moral, não o era aos antepassados, passados, de modo que estes, de boa fé, disseram ou praticaram praticaram coisas que hoje não seriam repetidas (assim a insistência no geocentrismo contra Galileu, os feitos da Inquisição, das Cruzadas, etc.). Uma serena consideração do que é a religião como tal e do conteúdo da mensagem cristã, evidencia que tais acusações não afetam o valor da religião. Só servem para empalidecer ou apagar na consciência humana a imagem de Deus, o que redunda em eclipse do próprio homem. Pois, na verdade, à “morte de Deus” se segue inevitavelmente a “morte do homem”. Este artigo muito deve ao editorial de La Civiltà Cattolica nº 3260, de l5/04/86, pp. 105-114.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
ANEXO 2
“Compreendendo a Nova Era” (D. Estevão Bittencourt, PR 379/1993)
Em síntese: Nova Era é um conjunto de proposições "místicas" pouco lógicas e concatenadas, mas perpassadas por quatro principais teses: o panteísmo, a reencarnação, a comunicação com o além... em vista da implantação de uma Nova Era, dita "de Aquário (ou Aguadeiro)'; em que a humanidade estará unificada sob um só Governo mundial e uma só religião. Tal mensagem é mais fantasiosa e emocional do que lógica e científica. O panteísmo, por exemplo, é uma aberração filosófica, pois identifica a Divindade (o Absoluto, o Eterno) com o mundo e o homem, que são relativos e passageiros. Não há prova de reencarnação, nem alguém tem reminiscência do que fez ou foi em sua "vida pregressa". Também se pode dizer, à luz da psicologia e da parapsicologia, que os fenômenos mediúnicos nada têm que ver com comunicação do além, mas são expressões do inconsciente do médium e dos seus clientes. Apesar de tudo, a Nova Era faz sucesso, porque promete paz, fraternidade e felicidade - valores que faltam ao mundo de hoje e que ninguém vê como instaurar mediante os meios convencionais. Na falta de solução racional e lógica, a mente humana se abre facilmente para as propostas fantasiosas e mágicas, como são as da Nova Era. - Aos cristãos, conscientes disto, compete responder à interpelação que Nova Era lhes dirige, apresentando um testemunho mais lúcido e eloqüente da grande novidade, que é o Evangelho vivido e transmitido na Igreja de Cristo confiada a Pedro. São sempre muito freqüentes as indagações a respeito de Nova Era, corrente de pensamento e ação que tem chamado a atenção por suas proclamações, seus símbolos, suas previsões... O assunto já foi abordado em PR 354/1991, pp. 518-526 e 360/1992, pp. 235-240. Voltamos a considerá-lo acrescentando novos dados a quanto já publicamos; proporemos as linhas gerais que caracterizam o Movimento, e uma reflexão a respeito das mesmas. mesmas .
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
A diferença de outras correntes modernas, Nova Era não tem data precisa de fundação nem fundador definido; não apresenta um governo centralizado que assuma a liderança do Movimento. Podemos dizer, sim, que este começou na década de 1960, quando apareceram os beatles e os hippies, que exaltavam o amor à natureza, a liberdade sexual, a paz e uma nova era, dita "de Aquário"; esta foi sendo enaltecida em prosa e verso no musical Hair. Sem dúvida, contribuíram para o surto de Nova Era a Sra. Helena Blavatsky, fundadora da Teosofia (corrente panteísta ligada ao pensamento indiano) no século XIX, e sua discípula, discípula, a Sra. Alice Bailey (+ 1948). A Sra. Blavatsky Blavatsky era profundamente infensa ao Cristianismo, e transmitiu essa sua maneira de ver aos discípulos; assim se manifestava Blavatsky: "A doutrina da expiação é um perigoso dogma, em que os cristãos acreditam. Ensina que, independentemente da enormidade de nossos crimes contra as leis de Deus e dos homens, temos apenas de acreditar no auto-sacrifício de Jesus para a salvação da humanidade e que seu sangue lavará todas as máculas. Faz vinte anos que prego contra isso" (A Sabedoria Tradicional. Hemus Ed., São Paulo 1987, 4a. ed., p. 194). A Nova Era não professa um sistema de pensamento concatenado; ao contrário, compreende várias linhas de pensamento, que correm paralelas entre si, e formam um conjunto heterogêneo, como se verá a seguir: assim o panteísmo, a ufologia, a comunicação com os extraterrestres vivos e com os mortos, a psicologia transpessoal, o movimento ecológico, a cura por medicina alternativa... É o que permite aos adeptos da Nova Era estar presentes na política, na medicina, na educação, na religião, na cultura...
Apontemos os principais temas inseridos nas propostas de Nova Era.
2. PRINCIPAIS TEMAS Deter-nos-emos sobre sete pontos.
2.1. Deus e a Reencarnação
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
ção e expressão da Divindade; cada partícula de matéria é divina, pois possui em si todas as informações do universo. O pensador Roberto Crema, da Universidade Holística Internacional de Brasília, assim se exprime: "Deus dorme nos minerais, sente nos vegetais, sonha nos animais, e desperta nos humanos" (II Congresso Holístico Internacional. Belo Horizonte, julho de 1991). Através de encarnações sucessivas, cada ser vivo pode alcançar níveis mais elevados de consciência, a tal ponto que não precise mais de se reencarnar, mas se tome o que se chama "um espírito cósmico". É o que lembra Pierre Weil, citando Mayse Choisy: "Na teoria da ida e volta, o espírito decide encarnar-se, e passa dos níveis mais sutis aos planos grosseiros. Em conseqüência, a matéria não se aquieta enquanto não volta à sua fonte divina primitiva. É a involução evolução, simbolizada pelos dois triângulos que compõem a estrela de Davi. Não era isso que ensinava Platão, ao afirmar que conhecer é lembrar-se? Ou então quando Lamartine escrevia: 'O homem é um deus decaído que se lembra dos céus? Coitado, o homem tem memória tão curta... Volta e meia é preciso lembrar-lhe o que já sabe' " (Pierre Weil, Sementes para uma Vida Vid a Nova. Ed. Vozes, Petrópolis, p. 47).
Como se vê, o panteísmo da Nova Era está associado, como em outros sistemas panteístas, à tese da reencarnação. Já que em tais sistemas não existe Deus distinto do homem, é o homem mesmo que se salva..., e se salva mediante sucessivos retornos ao corpo a fim de se aperfeiçoar cada vez mais.
2.2. O Homem O homem está no centro das considerações da Nora Era. Já que o panteísmo professa que a Divindade, o mundo e o homem se identificam, o homem, nesse contexto, contexto, vem a ser a expressão mais elevada da evolução divina. A Sra. Helena Blavatsky, uma das precursoras do Movimento, assim manifesta seu pensamento:
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
- Por favor, diga Deus, e não um deus. A nosso ver, o homem é o único Deus que podemos conhecer. E como poderia ser de outra forma? Nosso postulado aceita como verdadeiro que Deus é um principio universalmente difuso, infinito e, sendo assim, como poderia o homem sozinho escapar de ser embebido por e na Deidade? Chamamos pai do 'céu' a essa essência deífica que reconhecemos dentro de nós, em nosso coração e em nossa consciência espiritual" (A Sabedoria Tradicional, p. 62).
Em conseqüência, os mentores da Nova Era julgam que todas as energias existentes no universo estão dentro do homem; este, pelo poder de sua mente, quando se concentra sobre determinado objeto ou projeto, pode torná-lo realidade, chegando mesmo a efetuar façanhas milagrosas, tanto para o bem como para o mal da sociedade. Mas não somente as forças do bem e do mal estão dentro do homem. Aí se acham também outros elementos contrastantes, como o masculino e o feminino, o amor e o ódio, Cristo e o demônio... O cérebro consta de dois hemisférios: o esquerdo é a sede das nossas características masculinas (analisar, contar, plane jar...); o direito corresponde aos elementos femininos (a intuição, os sonhos, as metáforas...). O homem perfeito tem que saber equilibrar e harmonizar esses seus dois lados: o masculino e o feminino. Por isto, os mestres da Nova Era reconhecem as práticas heterossexuais e homossexuais como igualmente legítimas; desde que haja "relacionamento saudável", os seres mais evoluídos devem gozar de plena liberdade sexual.
Assim Nova Era prevê novo estilo de vida para a humanidade; extinguir-seá a família e instaurar-se-á absoluta igualdade entre os seres humanos. A família é tida como fonte de egoísmo, inveja e possessividade, pois incita o homem a trabalhar para os seus descendentes e não para a comunidade como tal; desse egoísmo brotam competições e conflitos. A solução estaria, portanto, em pôr terà instituição instituição familiar e instituir instituir comunidades abertas, cooperativist cooperativist soli-
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
de uma necessidade materialista de assegurar a posse da propriedade privada. A comunidade existe para satisfazer às necessidades materiais e existenciais dos seus membros. Há nela um respeito muito grande pela vida. Por exemplo, o aborto é inconcebível nela. A comunidade dá amparo à mãe durante a gestação e assume a responsabilidade da criação dos filhos. Rajneesh preconiza também um sistema desta natureza e afirma que é muito mais saudável, para uma criança, ter vários modelos de adultos com que identificar e escolher o seu próprio comportamento, do que apenas dois, sobretudo quando estes modelos são indesejáveis do ponto de vista humano. Carl Rogers também questiona bastante o atual modelo familiar. As experiências atuais de 'casamento aberto' constituem também uma reação aos aspectos penosos de certo modo de vida familiar" (pp. 139 e 141).
Aliás, o projeto de unificação da humanidade numa comunidade global está sendo elaborado com certa rapidez. Em 1977, uma assembléia mundial de Aquarianos adotou o anteprojeto da Constituição da Federação do Planeta Terra. Em maio de 1991, foram aprovadas emendas dessa Constituição, que atualmente vai sendo examinada pelos líderes mundiais do Movimento para ser aperfeiçoada. Essa Constituição da Federação do Planeta Terra, que deverá vigorar no mundo unificado, prevê um organograma bem definido: na cúpola haveria uma Procuradoria Geral Mundial e uma Comissão de Procuradores Mundiais Regionais. A Procuradoria Geral constará de cinco membros. Terá a seu serviço uma Polícia Mundial, responsável pelo fiel cumprimento da legislação internacional.
2.3. A Ufologia A Nova Era não duvida da existência de seres extraterrestres; são expressões da Energia Divina Cósmica postas em diversos graus de evolução. Portanto deve haver os mais adiantados dos que nós em civilização, como também os
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
"Há muitos anos, em minha casa situada nos profundos bosques da Pensilvânia, minhas filhas e eu estávamos juntas em meditação, quando três Irmãos Espaciais apareceram no jardim em frente à casa. Preferiram permanecer lá fora quando os convidei para entrar, devido à sua diferença de altura em relação às portas e ao teto normais. Convidaram-nos a conhecer sua nave, o que aceitamos com satisfação. Fixaram a hora da visita para 8.00 horas do dia seguinte, dandonos instruções para relaxarmos em posição horizontal no piso, para que pudesse vir a escolta. Agradecidas, regressamos à casa. Minhas filhas puderam ver a nave sobre nós, já que ambas têm o dom perceptivo visual. Ao entardecer do dia seguinte, relaxamos, como combinado, e fizemos três experiências com meditações diferentes. Abandonei meu corpo e apoiei minhas mãos sobre os braços de minhas escoltas, experimentando uma emoção tremenda enquanto ascendíamos, a uma velocidade incrível, à nave que nos esperava acima. Imediatamente encontrei-me parada no aposento de controle principal, frente frente a Athena, Athena, enquanto as lágrimas lágrimas rolavam-me pela face. Chorando, Chorando, abraçamo-nos. Athena (comandante mulher) começou a mostrar-me vários mapas. Senti que uma de minhas filhas seguia por um longo passadiço. Embora eu não tenha visto, sabia que se encontrava em alguma outra parte da nave. Caminhamos e passamos por uma parede transparecente, através da qual pude ver minha outra filha reclinada reclinada sobre uma mesa de exame médico, médico, com alguém junto dela. Essas recordações são fragmentadas.
Depois de alguns minutos, não mais de quinze, estávamos de volta à nossa consciência e começamos a comparar nossas experiências" (ERGOM, Projeto Evacuação Mundial. Roca, São Paulo 1991, pp. 99s).
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
tes controlados - por exemplo, em telepatia, visão á' distância (clarividência) e precognição. Ao mesmo tempo, são inacreditavelmente freqüentes na casuística ufológica as experiências em que os referidos fenômenos parapsicológicos estão presentes, sendo mesmo a telepatia o meio usual de comunicação com os UFO-operadores, segundo os contatados.
Certos indivíduos que viveram uma experiência ufológica marcante, passaram e ter o que nós chamamos efeito residual'. após o incidente, entram em estado de transe sonambúlico, de maneira espontânea ou induzida, dando informações de teor variado, dados técnicos, planetas' de origem, nomes dos comandantes de naves e mensagens místicas" (Artigo “Hipnose na pesquisa Ufológica”; na revista Planeta Ufologia. Editora Três, São Paulo, abril de 1982, p. 19).
Passemos a outra unidade da mensagem da Nova Era.
2.4. Era de Aquário Conforme as correntes esotéricas e os mestres da Nova Era, a história da humanidade compreende ciclos de evolução, também chamados "Eras". A duração dessas Eras é diversamente indicada pelos diversos autores, mas equivale a 2.000 anos ou pouco mais cada qual. Segundo as várias contagens, tal seria a seqüência das Eras: Era de Touro: de 4304 a 2154 a.C.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
(seja recordada a típica figura do pastor). O momento de transição da Era do Touro para o do Cordeiro terá sido a saída, de Israel, do Egito; os hebreus tentaram ainda preservar o poder do Touro confeccionando o bezerro de ouro no deserto; mas Moisés os censurou e inaugurou a Era do Cordeiro. Cordeiro. Seguiu-se Seguiu-se a Era de Peixes, inaugurada por Jesus Cristo, que chamou seus apóstolos para serem pescadores de homens; donde se conclui que os homens são dominados pelo signo de Peixes. O próprio nome Jesus Cristo foi associado ao símbolo do Peixe, visto que ICHTHYS (em grego, peixe) compõe-se das iniciais de uma fórmula de fé cristã: Iesous Christós Theou Yiós Soter, Jesus Cristo, Filho de Deus Salvador. Assim o povo dominante da Era de Peixes veio a ser o povo dos discípulos de Cristo ou o povo cristão.
Jaap Huibers julga que, sendo o peixe um animal que vive no fundo do mar escuro, a Era de Peixes está sendo uma era marcada pelas trevas; claro espécimen disto seriam as catedrais catedrais católicas, católicas, sempre sombrias sombrias (Aqui não se pode deixar de observar que a associação associação de idéias é extremamente extremamente frágil, se não ridícula. A civilização e a tecnologia estão num ápice nunca dantes atingido. Quanto à penumbra das catedrais, ela se deve ao sadio desejo de facilitar o recolhimento e a oração dos seus freqüentadores).
Após a Era de Peixes, espera-se a de Aquarius ou Aguadeiro (um jovem portador de um cântaro, cuja água ele vai derramando). Aquário é um signo astrológico regido pelo planeta Urano, descoberto em 1781, ou seja, se ja, durante a Revolução Francesa. Por isto o lema da Revolução Francesa "Liberdade, Igualdade, Fraternidade", que é também o de Urano, passará a ser o da Nova Era; somente assim o mundo se transformará numa aldeia global sob um regime único para todos os povos.
Os aquarianos dizem que São João, ao falar de céus novos e terra nova em Ap 21,1, se referiu à Nova Era, que Urano, o Ancião dos Dias, proporcionaria à
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Jesus Cristo não é chamado Senhor pelos mentores da Nova Era, porque o seu senhorio termina com a Era de Peixes. O autor de um artigo na revista "Destino", ano II, sg 21, abril de 1991, p. 51, descreve o papel de Jesus frente aos novos tempos aquarianos:
“A passagem de Peixes para Aquário, do ponto de vista da astrologia, é extremamente difícil, pois as características dos dois signos são bem diferentes. Peixes é representado pelo espírito de sacrifício, de caridade. Aquário aponta em outra direção. É o signo da amizade, do companheirismo, da esperança e da criação de um mundo novo.
Com a mudança de Peixes para Aquário, dizem os astrólogos, sai de cena também Jesus Cristo, o grande avatar da Era que termina, dando lugar ao patrono máximo de Aquário, o mestre Saint Germain”. O mestre Saint Germain é uma das figuras caras ao esoterismo.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
douro estará principalmente preocupado não com o resultado ou erros passados e insuficiências, mas com as necessidades de uma Nova Ordem Mundial e com a organização da estrutura social" (A Rede Cresce, Londrina, p.3). O esperado Messias satisfará aos anseios de todas as crenças religiosas, que aguardam a vinda de um Salvador: o Maitreya de Nova Era será o prometido aos judeus, o quinto Buda dos budistas, o Iman Mahdi dos muçulmanos, o Krishna dos hinduístas, e também o Cristo dos cristãos. Alguns aquarianos julgam que Maitreya já nasceu em 1982 - o que não combina coma previsão de que a Era de Aquário só começará em 2146 d.C. (Maitreya terá 164 anos quando se manifestar ao mundo, ou seja, 2146 - 1982 = 164?). Como quer que seja, a vinda do novo Avatar unificará não somente os interesses políticos e administrativos da humanidade, mas também o senso religioso: o Cristianismo será extinto em favor de uma nova e única religião, dizem os aquarianos.
2.7. Magia e Curandeirismo
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
não exclusivamente. As projeções astrais acontecem na vigília e costumam ser chamadas 'deslocamentos momentâneos'... Nesse fenômeno a pessoa viaja cobrindo distâncias diversas, desde o teto de seu quarto até o outro lado do continente, e permanece ligada ao corpo físico por um fio prateado, que nem sempre lhe é visível... Os habituais efeitos físicos e emocionais emocionais da projeção projeção astral são os seguintes: - Sensação de extremo cansaço ao despertar, mesmo que a pessoa tenha dormido por muitas horas. - No final de cada projeção astral, sensação de queda de grande altura, de estar girando em direção ao solo, geralmente acompanhada pelo medo de cair. Isto representa apenas a reação física à desaceleração de vibrações, que se dá à medida que o eu interior retorna ao invólucro físico, restabelecendo a ligação com ele. - A nítida lembrança de ter atravessado muros aparentemente sólidos ou
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
A Nova Era recorre a muitos símbolos, que pretendem insinuar as proposições de sua mensagem. Cada corrente da Nova Era tem seus emblemas correspondentes ao que ela professa. Eis alguns dos principais sinais utilizados:
1) O arco-iris arco-iris significa significa a luz divina, que se vai irradiando irradiando e faz a ponte entre o céu e a Terra ou entre os seres terrestres e os extraterrestres.
2) Fitas entrelaçadas designam a interdependência dos seres existentes e a tendência a fazer da multiplicidade uma unidade global.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
5) Pirâmide é tida como elemento que capta a energia cósmica e beneficia as pessoas (A propósito propósito de pirâmides pirâmides e "efeitos "efeitos maravilhosos maravilhosos'; '; ver PR 326/1989, pp. 324-329).
6) Cruz de Nero ou Símbolo de Paz é uma cruz de cabeça para baixo ou em aparência aparência de pé de galinha. Traz a paz a quem a usa em brincos, broches, camisetas, cadernos...
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
9) Estrela de cinco pontas significa o Ser Cósmico Divino em sua plenitude ou o Absoluto. O triângulo superior com um olho no centro simboliza o Ser Superior a todos na escala hierárquica hierárquica (Serquealguns (Serquealguns identificam com Lúcifer, Lúcifer, consiconsiderado como anjo de luz). Esse pentagrama é irradiante de bons fluidos, se colocado de cabeça para cima; em posição inversa, emite maus fluidos.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
4) A unificação unificação do gênero gênero humano é: Fraternidade Fraternidade Universal, Universal, Família Global, Holismo (de holon, tudo, em grego), Colônia Global, Paradigma (= padronização).
5) Os espíritos que, do além, se comunicam com o homem, são: Mestres Cósmicos, Espíritos Cósmicos, Mestres Universais, Extraterrestres ou ETs. 6) O canal de comunicação é dito channeling. 7) O chefe que governará a nova Ordem Mundial, é: Senhor Maitreya, Saint Germain, Instrutor do Mundo, o Ungido, o Avatar.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Pode-se averiguar, dizem, a atuação de Nova Era em alguns setores de maior projeção na vida pública.
5.1. Educação Verifica-se que a mentalidade e os símbolos da Nova Era vão penetrando nos estabelecimentos de ensino de todos os graus. Existem mesmo Universidades Holísticas pelo mundo, sendo que em Brasília há uma, dita Universidade da Paz, construída com recursos do Distrito Federal; neste está sendo preparada a Cidade da Paz ou a Alvorada. Brasília é tida como região de grande força espiritual e ponto de convergência dos diversos ramos ocultistas.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
A Música New Age tem o estilo mantra. Mantra quer dizer, em sânscrito, libertação da mente (man = mente; tra = libertação). O estilo mantra utiliza sons que alteram e influenciam o estado de consciência; na verdade, os mantra são sílabas, palavras ou frases que, repetidos com freqüência, marcam o consciente e o inconsciente da pessoa, servindo-lhe para o relax e a meditação.
A Música Rock Convencional é outro veículo de Nova Era, tanto por sua letra como por seu ritmo. Com efeito; a letra rock pesada refere-se muitas vezes ao sexo livre, ao homossexualismo, ao adultério e à prostituição como formas válidas de comportamento. Quanto ao ritmo, dito beat, é concebido matematicamente de modo a excitar o sistema nervoso: o som é elevado a sete decibéis, cota que está acima da tolerância do sistema nervoso e debilita o funcionamento normal do cérebro; tem efeito provocador, que cede à depressão, à revolta e à agressividade; daí a procura de drogas e libertinismo sexual por parte de quem é assim atingido
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Pode-se mencionar aqui também a psicoterapia utilizada pela Nova Era: recorre à chamada "psicologia transpessoal". Esta leva o indivíduo a vários estados de consciência, para que finalmente transcenda os limites do tempo, do espaço e da individualidade, atingindo o grau de consciência cósmica. Essa terapia serviase, a princípio, do ácido lisérgico (LSD), provocador de sucessivos estados de consciência; tal método já foi abandonado em favor do recurso à meditação transcendental, que propicia os mesmos efeitos. A hipnose e a regressão em idade são também instrumentos caros á psicoterapia aquariana.
6. QUE DIZER? O contato com o programa da Nova Era sugere várias considerações, das
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
relativo relativo (o mundo volúvel volúvel e o homem), o Eterno (Deus) com o temporal temporal (mundo e homem), o Necessário (Deus) com o contingente (mundo e homem), o Imutável (Deus) com o mutável e volúvel (o mundo e o homem). Assim o Sim é identificado com o Não - o que fere as normas fundamentais do pensar.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
romance, da lenda..., pois o irreal é mais belo do que o real; o irreal é construído por cada um como ele o quer, e cada um tende a fazer do irreal sonhado a sua realidade ou a própria realidade. Esta tendência é mais acentuada em nossos dias, quando prevalece prevalece um certo antiintelectu antiintelectualismo alismo em matéria matéria de religião religião e Moral; Moral; a metafísica é desprezada por certas escolas; parece a muitos que os sentimentos e