De motor trifásico a generador eléctrico

CKGTKN \_ËBVHBE FD V_KGRIE_CKBHÒG FD TG CEVE_ V_HIËRHBE FD MKTNK FD K_FHNNK FD BTKV_E \ENER. DG ADGD_KFE_ DNÈBV_HBE' Hgtrefubbhòg' Dn ceter trhiëshbe fd mkunk fd krfhnnk fd buktre penes. pesdd ug oeohgkfe ierckfe per ;0 oeohgks. sdhs per bkfk iksd. dgirdgtkfks trds k trds' Dn dstkter fegfd dstëg nks oeohgks thdgd 29 fhdgtds fd `hdrre' Bkfk arupe fd trds oeohgks pesdd ugk oeohgk hgtdrher. ugk hgtdrcdfhk y etrk dxtdrher bece sd kprdbhk dg nk shauhdgtd iete. y dg dn fhoume

Nk oeohgk hgtdrher dganeok 1 fhdgtds fd `hdrre. nk hgtdrcdfhk 8 fhdgtds y nk dxtdrher ;; fhdgtds' Bece dn gýcdre tetkn fd fhdgtds ds 29 y sd thdgdg buktre penes. bkfk pene dstë ierckfe per 8 fhdgtds' Nks 9 oeohgks gdarks ierckg ugk iksd. nk haukn qud nks vdrfds y nks cerkfks. pdre dg èstks ikntkg nks oeohgks fd dgirdgtd. qud sã dstëg fhoumkfks pkrk dn bkse fd nks oeohgks gdarks' Nks oeohgks fd bkfk iksd dstëg ughfks dg sdrhd. per ne qud skndg sene fes bkonds per bkfk iksd. bece sd kprdbhk dg dn fhoume' Nk hfdk oëshbk fd nk trkgsierckbhòg begshstd dg `kbdr buktre penes ckagèthbes uskgfe hckgds dstrdb`es. pkrk qud sd kfkptdg ohdg k nk bhrbugidrdgbhk fdn reter' Ch prepudstk ds uskr hckgds fd ;< cc fd kgb`e. y dg oksd k dsk hfdk. dxpnhbkrè dn prebdse k sdauhr pkrk eotdgdr nes buktre penes ckagèthbes' Bece dmdcpne prëbthbe qud dxpnhqud ohdg nes pkses k sdauhr. uskrè nks cdfhfks fdn ceter buyk iete kpkrdbd krrhok'

\rhcdr pkse= cdfhfks fdn reter Ne prhcdre qud sd fdod `kbdr ds teckr cdfhfks cuy prdbhsks fdn fhëcdtre fdn dstkter. y fd su negahtuf' \krk dnne sd fdodrãk uthnhzkr ug bknhord. pdre ds ugk `drrkchdgtk

qud ge dstk kn knbkgbd fd nk ckyerãk fd pdrsegks. per dse sd pudfd `kbdr dn shauhdgtd „trube–= beg ug pknhnne fd phgb`es. sd bertk ug treze knae supdrher kn fhëcdtre fdn dstkter' \estdrhercdgtd sd vk nhmkgfe beg ug pkpdn fd nhmk. y sd vk preokgfe `kstk qud dgtrd kmustkfe dgtrd fes fhdgtds dgirdgtkfes' Begsdauhfe dste. sd chfd nk negahtuf fdn pknhnne beg ugk bhgtk cètrhbk' Dg ýnthck hgstkgbhk. y bece dn reter sd fdod nndvkr k ug tknndr fd terge. dg dn prephe tknndr sd pudfd cdfhr dn fhëcdtre dn reter. qud sudnd sdr ; cc' hgidrher kn fhëcdtre fdn dstkter' Nk negahtuf fdn dstkter sd pudfd cdfhr fhrdbtkcdgtd beg nk bhgtk cètrhbk. y dn rdsuntkfe fd dstk cdfhbhòg ge ds brãthbe' \krk dn ceter fd nks ietes kgtdrherds. nks cdfhfks eotdghfks `kg shfe # #

Fhëcdtre fd reter 3 ;94 cc' Negahtuf fd reter 3 ;2< cc

Rdaugfe pkse= cdbkghzkfe fdn reter Rh dn fhëcdtre fdn dstkter ds supdrher k ;<< cc'. rdbechdgfe uskr hckgds fd ;< cc' fd areser (dn kgb`e ds tkcohèg ;< cc' bece sd `k fhb`e dg nk hgtrefubbhòg. perqud brdkg ug bkcpe ckagèthbe okstkgtd dndvkfe y dnne begtrhouyd k eotdgdr ug ckyer rdgfhchdgte dg dn adgdrkfer' \krk pefdr benebkr nes hckgds dg dn reter. `ky qud rdokmkr su fhëcdtre ugk bhdrtk bkgthfkf qud vhdgd fdtdrchgkfk per dn areser fd fes hckgds mugtes. cks uges chnãcdtres pkrk benebkr ug `hne fd kbdre qud korkbd k nes hckgds. y ugk bhdrtk bkgthfkf fd pdakcdgte' @ky qud `kbdr ugk bkchsk fd iudrzk k nes hckgds. pkrk qud ge sd cudvkg gh sd sknakg fdn reter bukgfe dn adgdrkfer knbkgbd arkgfds rdvenubhegds' \er dnne `d fdbhfhfe kûkfhr 4 chnãcdtres cës kn areser fd fes hckgds. y ksã `ky dspkbhe suihbhdgtd pkrk nk rdknhzkbhòg fd nk bkchsk fd iudrzk' Nnkckgfe F kn fhëcdtre erhahgkn fdn reter. ch fdbhshòg ds rdfubhrne k f 3 F ‒ ?4 cc' Dstd cdbkghzkfe fdn reter fdod `kbdrsd eonhakterhkcdgtd dg ug terge'' \krk dn ceter kgtdrher. dn fhëcdtre ihgkn sdrë ;94 ‒ ?4 3 ;6< cc'

Vdrbdr pkse= prdpkrkbhòg fdn reter Tgk vdz rdokmkfe dn reter. y kgtds fd dcpdzkr k benebkr nes hckgds. sd fdod prdpkrkr uges kaumdres fd cètrhbk 9. pkrk qud shrvkg fd sumdbhòg kn `hne fd kbdre qud korkzkrë nes hckgds' Rd fhoumk ugk nãgdk rdbtk k ne nkrae fdn reter. y sd `krëg fes kaumdres per bkfk hcëg' Nk negahtuf fdn hcëg qud sd uskrë ds fd 6< cc' y dn gýcdre fd hckgds qud sd benebkrkg k ne nkrae fdn chsce vhdgd fdtdrchgkfe per su negahtuf (cdfhfk dg dn prhcdr pkse' Ksã puds dn gýcdre fd kaumdres sdrë dn feond fd nes hckgds qud qudpkg k ne nkrae fdn reter' Nk shtukbhòg fd nes fes kaumdres pudfd sdr k 1 cc' fd bkfk dxtrdce fdn hcëg' \estdrhercdgtd sd fhvhfhrë nk bhrbugidrdgbhk fdn reter dg buktre pkrtds. bkfk ugk fd nks buknds sd nndgkrë fd hckgds fd ug ýghbe pene

\krk dstd ceter. nk negahtuf fd ;2< cc' fdtdrchgk qud `ky qud benebkr 2 hckgds k ne nkrae fdn reter. ikntkgfe ; bc per buorhr tefk nk negahtuf'

Bukrte pkse= benebkbhòg fd nk prhcdrk bhrbugidrdgbhk fd hckgds h ckgds Bece `ky qud benebkr mugtes vkrhes hckgds fd nk chsck penkrhfkf ckagèthbk. `ky qud hfdkr ugk „tèbghbk qud hcphfk qud sknakg rdpdnhfes– dg bukgte sd kbdrqudg uges k etres' Kgtds qud gkfk. ds begvdghdgtd gecorkr nes penes fd nes hckgds. pkrk pefdr benebkrnes kfdbukfkcdgtd' \krk skodr qud bkrk fdn hcëg ds ug pene. sd nd kbdrbk ug fdsterghnnkfer y nk pugtk fdn chsce ousbkrë nk bkrk qud berrdspegfk kn pene' Dgtegbds sd dsbrhod ugk G dg fhb`k bkrk' Ge hcpertk qud dg rdknhfkf dsk bkrk sdk nk fdn pene Rur. ne qud hcpertk ds nk peshbhòg rdnkthvk fd nes penes fd nes hckgds dg dn reter' Nk tèbghbk pkrk benebkr nes hckgds ds nk shauhdgtd= # Benebkr uges pebes hckgds sdpkrkfes dgtrd sh fd cefe qud nks iudrzks fd rdpunshòg ge hcphfkg su benebkbhòg dg dn reter' Tskr ugks aetks fd bhkgebrhnkte' # \krk ksdaurkr qud dg nk sdpkrkbhòg dgtrd hckgds. bkodg etres hckgds. uskrdces bece sdpkrkferds. okrrhtks fd knuchghe fd nk chsck sdbbhòg fdn hcëg. bertkfks ugk negahtuf fd kn cdges ;< cc' ckyer fd nk negahtuf fdn hcëg'

# Fdspuès fd benebkr nes hckgds y nes sdpkrkferds dg ugk bhrbugidrdgbhk becpndtk. sd benebkg fes terghnnes fd cètrhbk 9 y sd dgrennkg trds e buktre vudntks fd `hne fd kbdre fd terghnne k terghnne. preburkgfe qud qudfd ohdg tdgskfe' # Nudae sd `kbdg fes korkzkfdrks beg `hnes fd `hdrre fd ug fhëcdtre kprexhckfe fd ;'4 cc. seord nk bhrbugidrdgbhk fd hckgds. kprdtkgfe ne cëxhce peshond' # K begthgukbhòg sd vkg quhtkgfe uge k uge nes sdpkrkferds fd knuchghe. y dg su nuakr sd benebk dn hcëg berrdspegfhdgtd' # \er ýnthce sd rdbuordg nes hckgds beg ckshnnk \exhnhgk u etre pdakcdgte (bece ckshnnk fd bkrrebdrãk fd beb`ds pkrk `kbdr nk bkchsk fd iudrzk. mugte beg dn `hne fd kbdre. qud ckgtdgak nes hckgds dg su shthe' Nes `hnes fd `hdrre pudfdg sdrvhr bece dgrksd fdn areser fd nk bkpk fd pdakcdgte. y `ky qud quhtkrnes dg bukgte nk ckshnnk dcphdbd k dgfurdbdr'

[uhgte pkse= benebkbhòg fd nks shauhdgtds bhrbugidrdgbhks fd hckgds Dn prebdse k sdauhr ds hfègthbe kn dxpnhbkfe dg dn pkse bukrte. per ne qud sd cestrkrkg sene nks ietes berrdspegfhdgtds kn prebdse sdauhfe= # Hckgds fd nk chsck penkrhfkf sdpkrkfes per sdpkrkferds fd knuchghe

# @hne fd kbdre y bkond fd `hdrre pkrk sumdtkr nes hckgds

# Vefes nes hckgds benebkfes y rdbuohdrtes fd \exhnhgk

# Tnthck bhrbugidrdgbhk fd hckgds

_eter tetkncdgtd tdrchgkfe

Rdxte pkse= benebkbhòg fdn reter fdgtre fdn dstkter Kgtds fd benebkr dn reter dg dn hgtdrher fdn dstkter. ds begvdghdgtd cdfhr dn fhëcdtre ihgkn pkrk ksdaurkrsd qud ge rezk beg dn dstkter' Dg bkse fd qud dn fhëcdtre sdk dxbdshve. nk \exhnhgk sd pudfd nhmkr y rdokmkr `kstk begsdauhr ug fhëcdtre qud sdk hgidrher kn fdn hgtdrher fdn dstkter'

Nk benebkbhòg fdn reter fdgtre fdn dstkter ds ugk epdrkbhòg CTX \DNHA_ERK. pudste qud nk iudrzk fd ktrkbbhòg dgtrd nes hckgds fdn reter y nes fhdgtds fd `hdrre fdn dstkter. `kbd qud dn reter sd cudvk beg cub`k rkphfdz `kbhk dn hgtdrher fdn dstkter' Nk ierck fd rdknhzkr dstk epdrkbhòg beg sdaurhfkf ds pegdr # \egdr nk tkpk pestdrher fdn ceter kn dmd fdn reter' # Benebkr y kpeykr dn dxtrdce iregtkn fdn reter fdgtre fdn dstkter (sene dn dxtrdce # Beadr per fdtrës nk tkpk fdn reter RHG \EGD_ NKR CKGER DGV_D DRVK VK\K X DN CEVE_ # Hr dcpumkgfe dn reter fdgtre fdn dstkter. beahdgfe shdcprd per nk pkrtd dxtdrgk fd nk tkpk RHG \EGD_ NKR CKGER DGV_D NK VK\K X DN CEVE_' # Bukgfe nes hckgds sd kbdrqudg k nes fhdgtds fd `hdrre fdn dstkter. dn reter suirhrë ug cevhchdgte rëphfe y orusbe `kstk benebkrsd dg dn hgtdrher fdn dstkter'

NK \D_REGK [TD [THD_K RDATH_ DRVD CKGTKN X GE VDGAK DN BTHFKFE GDBDRK_HE \K_K _DKNH]K_ DRVK TNVHCK E\D_KBHÒG. \TDFD RTI_H_ NK I_KBVT_K FD NER FDFER FD NK CKGE X VKN YD] NK \D_FHFK FD KNATGE FD DNNER''

DN KTVE_ FD DRVD CKGTKN GE RD @KBD _DR\EGRKOND _DR\EGRKO ND FD NER KBBHFDGVDR [TD \TDFK RTI_H_ NK \D_REGK [TD HGVDGVD V_KGRIE_CK_ TG CEVE_ DG ADGD_KFE_ X GE VDGAK BTHFKFE DG DN CKGDME FDN _EVE_ DG RT BENEBKBHEG FDGV_E FDN DRVKVE_ \rudok ihgkn fdn adgdrkfer' Dn kspdbte ihgkn fdn ceter trkgsierckfe dg adgdrkfer sd cudstrk dg nks shauhdgtds ietes

Beg nk ckghvdnk fd ckfdrk sd pudfd begsdauhr `kbdr ahrkr kn adgdrkfer k 9<. ;?< d hgbnuse ;0< rpcs' Beg nk kyufk fd ug rdnem fd bebhgk qud ckrbk nes sdaugfes. sd pudfd `kbdr ahrkr dn dmd fdn ceter k ;. ? d hgbnuse 2 vudntks per sdaugfe. shg begdbtkr ghgaugk bkrak kn oeohgkfe. puds dg dstd bkse. `korãk qud `kbdr cub`k cks iudrzk y ge sd pefrãk nndakr k ;0< rpcs' Nk tdgshòg eotdghfk dg ug adgdrkfer ds fhrdbtkcdgtd preperbhegkn k nks rpcs' \krk dstd KB adgdrkfer sd `kg eotdghfe ?0 venthes dg bkfk iksd. U * pkrk ugks ;?< rpcs' Nk rdshstdgbhk fd bkfk iksd ds KB fd <'0 e`ches' Dg bkfk iksd fdn adgdrkfer sd pegfrë ug pudgtd fd fhefes. bece sd vd dg dn fhoume. y per tkgte sd supegfrë qud nks trds iksds dstëg dg pkrkndne. per ne tkgte nk rdshstdgbhk tetkn fdn adgdrkfer sdrë <'0%23 <'?9 e`ches'

KB

U

* KB

KB

U

* KB

Tg pudgtd fd fhefes koserod ? venthes * kprexhckfkcdgtd' Beg tefes dstes fktes. sd pudfd skodr nk hgtdgshfkf fd berrhdgtd y nk U petdgbhk fdn adgdrkfer dg iugbhòg fd nks rpcs pkrk bkrakr ;?. ?6 e 60 venthes' Nk hgtdgshfkf fd berrhdgtd sd bknbunk per nk dxprdshòg

H

Yentkmd adgdrkfer Yentkmd pudgtd Yentkmd oktdrhk _dshstdgbhk adgdrkfer ∟

3

∟

shg tdgdr dg budgtk nk rdshstdgbhk hgtdrgk fd nk oktdrãk gh nk fd nes bkonds fd begdxhòg dgtrd adgdrkfer y oktdrãk Nk petdgbhk knckbdgkfk dg nk oktdrãk sd eothdgd per nk dxprdshòg \ 3 Hgtdgshfkf x Yentkmdoktdrhk y nk petdgbhk begsuchfk dg dn prephe adgdrkfer adgdrkfer sd eothdgd per nk dxprdshòg

\a 3 Hgtdgshfkf? x _dshstdgbhkadgdrkfer Ruckgfe kcoks petdgbhks sd eothdgd nk petdgbhk tetkn qud dn vhdgte dstë suchghstrkgfe kn adgdrkfer. fdsprdbhkgfe rezkchdgtes beg dn khrd y dg nes prephes refkchdgtes fdn adgdrkfer' Dn rdgfhchdgte fdn adgdrkfer ds dn bebhdgtd dgtrd nk petdgbhk knckbdgkfk y nk petdgbhk tetkn _dgfhchdgte 3

\etdgbhk knckbdgkfk \etdgbhk tetkn

\rudoks rdknhzkfks beg vhdgte Nks pknks fdn adgdrkfer chfdg ;2< bc fd negahtuf. ;6 bc fd kgb`urk y nk hgbnhgkbhòg kprexhckfk ds fd ;? ½' Dg nk prhcdrk prudok beg vhdgte. dn adgdrkfer dstkok begdbtkfe k ug oktdrãk fd ;? venthes y sd eosdrvò qud nk petdgbhk suchghstrkfk drk cuy pebk. kpdgks 1< wkthes' Nk dxpnhbkbhòg sd fdod k qud dn petdgbhkn adgdrkfe ds fdckshkfe arkgfd rdspdbte kn petdgbhkn fd nk oktdrãk. beg ne bukn nk hgtdgshfkf fd berrhdgtd sdrhk tkg arkgfd qud dn irdgkfe qud prefubd ds cuy arkgfd y dn kdreadgdrkfer fhschguyd sus rpcs. y bece begsdbudgbhk fhschguyd dn ventkmd y nk petdgbhk adgdrkfk' Bukgfe ug adgdrkfer dcphdzk k suchghstrkr berrhdgtd k ugk oktdrãk. suird ug irdgkfe qud kucdgtk beg nk hgtdgshfkf fd berrhdgtd' Dstd irdgkfe ds nk rdkbbhòg fd nks oeohgks kn cevhchdgte fd nes hckgds. y iuè dgugbhkfe per Ndgz' Vkcohèg ds nk dxpnhbkbhòg fdn prhgbhphe fd begsdrvkbhòg fd nk dgdraãk= bukgfe nes hckgds sd cudvdg thdgdg dgdraãk bhgèthbk. nk bukn pksk k nks oeohgks dg ierck fd dgdraãk dnèbtrhbk. per tkgte nk dgdraãk bhgèthbk fd nes hckgds fhschguyd. y sd getk dn irdgkfe fd nes hckgds' Ds dn chsce idgòcdge qud sd prefubd bukgfe sd bertebhrbuhtk dn adgdrkfer y sd qudfk prëbthbkcdgtd pkrkfe per dn arkg irdgkfe qud prefubhrãk nk berrhdgtd fd bertebhrbuhte' Nk fdbhshòg qud `d teckfe ds sdpkrkr nks oeohgks fd bkfk iksd y begdbtkrnks dg pkrkndne dg vdz fd dg sdrhd pkrk fhschguhr dn petdgbhkn adgdrkfe' Nk gudvk begdxhòg fd nks oeohgks sd vd dg dn fhoume shauhdgtd= K`erk skndg buktre bkonds fd bkfk iksd. qud sd pudfdg begdbtkr dg pkrkndne' Ksh dn petdgbhkn adgdrkfe ds fd ;6 venthes k ;?< rpcs'. y nk petdgbhk suchghstrkfk k nk oktdrãk `k kucdgtkfe pkrk nk chsck vdnebhfkf fd vhdgte. nndakgfe k ?4< wkthes k ugk vdnebhfkf fd vhdgte fd 2< Jc%` Vkcohèg `d rdknhzkfe etrk prudok begshstdgtd dg bkcohkr fd ;? venthes k ?6 venthes bukgfe dstk sepnkgfe dn vhdgte y dn rdsuntkfe `k shfe qud nk berrhdgtd

suchghstrkfk `k shfe bksh nk chsck k ;? qud k ?6 venthes. beg ne bukn nk petdgbhk suchghstrkfk k nk oktdrãk sd fupnhbk' Dste sd fdod k ne chsce dxpnhbkfe kgtds. kn kucdgtkr dn petdgbhkn fd nk oktdrãk. kucdgtkg nks rpcs fdn adgdrkfer gdbdskrhks pkrk knbkgzkr dn gudve petdgbhkn y nk hgtdgshfkf pdrckgdbd bksh hfègthbk' \er dnne. nk begdxhòg hfdkn fdn adgdrkfer ds k ugk oktdrãk fd ?6 venthes pkrk eotdgdr cës petdgbhk y cës rdgfhchdgte fdn kdreadgdrkfer'