UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERIA FACULT FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA IN GENIERIA MECANICA MECAN ICA
EXPERIENCIA:
“
“GENERADOR DE VAPOR”
GRUPO N°4 CURSO:
LABO LABORA RAT TORIO RIO DE INGE INGEN NIERI IERIA A MECAN ECANIC ICA A II
MN463 463
SECCION:
C PROFESOR:
Ing. MORALES TAQUIRI, O!"#$% M%&#". ALUMNO:
AUQUI TOVAR, TOVAR, A#'("n$'& A#'("n$'& )%*
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AVALETA VARA, L?2 A#@'&% ""#'"<+0%1"2#.%1
+----4-B
RESUMEN L" C"#$'&" % G'n'&"$%&' $' "5%& %n 2n"#"2%n' 2n$?&2"#' ?', "5#2"n$% '# "#%& $' ?n %1@?2@#' #2 #2$% $%,, #? #?2$ 2$% % % g"' g"'% %%, %, "5%& "5%&2 2"n "n '# "g?" "g?" 5"&" 5"&" "5#2"2%n' 'n #" 2n$?&2". ;"" 5&2n252% $'# 2g#% XIX ' ?"&%n "#$'&" 5"&" '2& '2& &%5", &%5", 5&%$? 5&%$?2& 2& "5%& "5%& 5"&" 5"&" #2152' #2152'", ", '., '., "" "" ?' ?' P"52n P"52n &' &' ?n" 5'?'" "#$'&" ##"1"$" 1"&12". S' ? "5%& 5"&" 2n'n"& Marmita de1%'& Papin #" 5&21'&" 1H?2n" %1n21", #" ?"# n% 9?n2%n"@" $?&"n' 1?% 2'15% " ?' ?2#2"@" "5%& J1'$% K$' @"8" '15'&"?&" "# "#'n"&' *" $'8"@" $' 5&%$?2& &"@"8% J2#. L?'g% $' %&" '(5'&2'n2", )"1' " %15#' ?n" 1H?2n" $' "5%& $' 9?n2%n"12'n% %n2n?%, ?' ? 'n ? 5&%52" 9H@&2", " ?' '&" ?n 2n$?&2"# 2ng#* 1? %n%2$%. L" 1H? 1H?2n 2n" " '#'1 '#'1'n 'n" "## $' "5% "5%& & 9?' 2n'n"$" 5%& D2%n22% P"52n 'n
->67
$'"&&%##"$"
5%'&2%&1'n' 5%& )"1' " 'n ->>6.
In22"#1'n'
9?'&%n
'15#'" '15#'"$" $" %1% %1% 1H?2n 1H?2n" " 5"&" 5"&" "2%n"& @%1@" $' "g?", $' 2#2n$&% '&2"#'. E##" 9?' #" 215?#%&" $' #" &'%#?2n 2n$?&2"#, #" ?"# %1'n 'n '' 2g#% %n2nJ" 'n '# n?'&%. MH?2n MH?2n" " $' "5%& "5%& "#'&n "#'&n"2 "2" " $' "&2"$ "&2"$" " %n& %n&? ?2n 2n "n 2$% 2$% ?"$" ?"$" $?&"n ?&"n' ' 1? 1?% "% % %1% %1% "g' "g'n' 1%% 1%%&&, 5'&% '&% "n 2$% 2$% 5'&$2' &$2'n n$% g&"$?"#1'n' '&&'n% 9&'n' " #" ?&@2n". En&' ? $''n"8" 'n%n&"1% #" @"8" '#%2$"$ K%1% %n'?'n2" $2&'" '# 1"%& 5'% 5%& !. $' 5%'n2", n''2$"$ $' ?n 1"%& '5"2% 5"&" ? 2n"#"2n ' 2n"$"5"@2#2$"$ 5"&" ?"& "5%& " "#" '15'&"?&".
2
RESUMEN L" C"#$'&" % G'n'&"$%&' $' "5%& %n 2n"#"2%n' 2n$?&2"#' ?', "5#2"n$% '# "#%& $' ?n %1@?2@#' #2 #2$% $%,, #? #?2$ 2$% % % g"' g"'% %%, %, "5%& "5%&2 2"n "n '# "g?" "g?" 5"&" 5"&" "5#2"2%n' 'n #" 2n$?&2". ;"" 5&2n252% $'# 2g#% XIX ' ?"&%n "#$'&" 5"&" '2& '2& &%5", &%5", 5&%$? 5&%$?2& 2& "5%& "5%& 5"&" 5"&" #2152' #2152'", ", '., '., "" "" ?' ?' P"52n P"52n &' &' ?n" 5'?'" "#$'&" ##"1"$" 1"&12". S' ? "5%& 5"&" 2n'n"& Marmita de1%'& Papin #" 5&21'&" 1H?2n" %1n21", #" ?"# n% 9?n2%n"@" $?&"n' 1?% 2'15% " ?' ?2#2"@" "5%& J1'$% K$' @"8" '15'&"?&" "# "#'n"&' *" $'8"@" $' 5&%$?2& &"@"8% J2#. L?'g% $' %&" '(5'&2'n2", )"1' " %15#' ?n" 1H?2n" $' "5%& $' 9?n2%n"12'n% %n2n?%, ?' ? 'n ? 5&%52" 9H@&2", " ?' '&" ?n 2n$?&2"# 2ng#* 1? %n%2$%. L" 1H? 1H?2n 2n" " '#'1 '#'1'n 'n" "## $' "5% "5%& & 9?' 2n'n"$" 5%& D2%n22% P"52n 'n
->67
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5%'&2%&1'n' 5%& )"1' " 'n ->>6.
In22"#1'n'
9?'&%n
'15#'" '15#'"$" $" %1% %1% 1H?2n 1H?2n" " 5"&" 5"&" "2%n"& @%1@" $' "g?", $' 2#2n$&% '&2"#'. E##" 9?' #" 215?#%&" $' #" &'%#?2n 2n$?&2"#, #" ?"# %1'n 'n '' 2g#% %n2nJ" 'n '# n?'&%. MH?2n MH?2n" " $' "5%& "5%& "#'&n "#'&n"2 "2" " $' "&2"$ "&2"$" " %n& %n&? ?2n 2n "n 2$% 2$% ?"$" ?"$" $?&"n ?&"n' ' 1? 1?% "% % %1% %1% "g' "g'n' 1%% 1%%&&, 5'&% '&% "n 2$% 2$% 5'&$2' &$2'n n$% g&"$?"#1'n' '&&'n% 9&'n' " #" ?&@2n". En&' ? $''n"8" 'n%n&"1% #" @"8" '#%2$"$ K%1% %n'?'n2" $2&'" '# 1"%& 5'% 5%& !. $' 5%'n2", n''2$"$ $' ?n 1"%& '5"2% 5"&" ? 2n"#"2n ' 2n"$"5"@2#2$"$ 5"&" ?"& "5%& " "#" '15'&"?&".
2
D'n&% $' #% $29'&'n' 25% $' "#$'&" ' "n %n&?2$% "#$'&" 5"&" &" &"2 2n, n, ?2# ?2#2 2"$ "$" " 'n #%% #%%1% 1%% %&" &" 5"&" 5"&" &'n' &'n' "n "n% % $' "&g "&g" " %1% %1% $' 5""8'&%. V'1% ?n" "#$'&" 1?#2 ?1%?@?#"& %n " $' ?@% "1%2@#', 5&'5"&"$" 5"&" ?'1"& "&@n % #2gn2%. E# ?1%, ' $'2& #% g"' $' %1@?2n "#2'n', 5""n 5%& '# 2n'&2%& $' #% ?@% '$2'n$% ? "#%& "# "g?" ?' &%$'" " '% ?@%.
Caldera multi humotubular
SUMMARY Steam boilers are industrial plants that, by applyin the heat o! a solid, li"uid or aseous !uel, #apori$e the %ater !or industrial appli&ations'
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Until the early nineteenth &entury boilers %ere used to dye &lothes, produ&e steam !or &leanin, et&', until Papin &reated a small boiler &alled a (boiler(' Steam %as used to try to mo#e the !irst homonymous ma&hine, %hi&h did not %or) !or a lon time be&ause it used humid *lo% temperature+ steam and %hen it %as heated it stopped produ&in use!ul %or)' A!ter other eperien&es, -ames .att &ompleted a steam enine o! &ontinuous operation, that used in its o%n !a&tory, sin&e it %as a %ell/ )no%n Enlish industrialist' 0he elemental steam enine %as in#ented by 1ionisio Papin in 235 and later de#eloped by -ames .att in 233' 6nitially they %ere used as ma&hines to dri#e %ater pumps, #erti&al &ylinders' She %as the impeller o! the industrial re#olution, %hi&h bean in that &entury and &ontinues in ours' Alternati#e steam enines o! #aried &onstru&tion ha#e been used !or many years as a motor aent, but ha#e radually lost round in !ront o! the turbines' Amon its disad#antaes are the lo% speed and *as a dire&t &onse"uen&e+ the hihest %eiht per 7%' O! po%er, need !or a reater spa&e !or its installation and maladaptability to use steam at hih temperature' .ithin the di!!erent types o! boilers, boilers ha#e been built !or tra&tion, used in lo&omoti#es !or both passener and &aro trains' .e see a multi humotubular boiler %ith bundle o! remo#able pipes, prepared to burn &oal or linite' Smo)e, ie the hot &ombustion ases, pass throuh the interior o! the pipes, yieldin their heat to the %ater surroundin the pipes
6N168E RESUMEN''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6N168E''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 9O-A 1E 1A0OS E:PER6MEN0A;ES''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2'/ 6N0RO1U886ON''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4
-.- O@8'2%............................................................................................................. -.+ F?n$"1'n% T'&2%............................................................................................
<'/ PRO8E16M6EN0O''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' +.- E?25% M"'&2"#'......................................................................................... +.+ P&%'$212'n% $' En"%.................................................................................
='/ 8A;8U;OS Y RESU;0A1OS''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3.- T"@#" $' D"% ................................................................................................ 3.+ C"#?#%............................................................................................................. 3.3 R'?#"$%........................................................................................................
O>SER?A86ONES''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8ON8;US6ONES'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' RE8OMEN1A86ONESS''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' >6>;6OGRA@6A'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
5
2' 6N0RO1U886ON 2'2'
O>-E06?OS •
R'"#2"& ?n @"#"n' *&12% $'# g'n'&"$%& $' "5%& '?$2% $' ? 5'&9%&1"n' %n2$'&"n$% #" 215%&"n2" $' '' 'n '# S'%& In$?&2"# P#"n" G'n'&"$%&" $' En'&g" E#*&2", 'n2'n$% 'n ?'n" ?' $'# $2"gn%2% $'5'n$'n #" 1'$2$" " %1"& %n 12&" "2" ?n @2'n '922'n' 9?n2%n"12'n% $' #" ?n2$"$.
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@UN1AMEN0O 0EOR68O
GENERA1OR 1E ?APOR •
8A;1ERA R'252'n' 1'H#2% 'n '# ?' ' g'n'&" "5%& " 5&'2n
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1'$2"n' #" "2n $' "#%&. GENERA1OR 1E ?APOR E '# %n8?n% % 2'1" 9%&1"$% 5%& ?n" "#$'&" ? "'%&2%, $'2n"$% " &"n9%&1"& ?n #?2$% 'n "5%&, "
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'15'&"?&" 5&'2n $29'&'n' "# $' #" "19'&". MANOME0RO E# 2n&?1'n% $'2n"$% " 1'$2& #" 5&'2n '9'2" 5&%$?2$" 5%& '# "5%& 'n '# 2n'&2%& $' #" "#$'&".
6
@UN86ONAM6EN0O F?n2%n"n 1'$2"n' #" &"n9'&'n2" $' "#%&, 5&%$?2$" g'n'&"#1'n' "# ?'1"&' ?n %1@?2@#', "# "g?" %n'n2$" % 2&?#"n$% $'n&% $' ?n &'252'n' 1'H#2%. En %$" "#$'&" ' $22ng?'n $% %n" 215%&"n': •
Bona de libera&iCn de &alor o &Dmara de &ombustiCn: E '# #?g"& $%n$' ' ?'1" '# %1@?2@#'. P?'$' '& 2n'&2%& % '('&2%& %n &'5'% "# &'252'n' 1'H#2%. 6nterior : L" H1"&" $' %1@?2n ' 'n?'n&" $'n&% $'# &'252'n' 1'H#2% % &%$'"$% $' 5"&'$' &'9&2g'&"$" 5%& "g?". Eterior L" H1"&" $' %1@?2n %n2?2$" 9?'&" $'# &'252'n' 1'H#2%. EH 5"&2"#1'n' &%$'"$% % 2n 5"&'$' &'9&2g'&"$" 5%& "g?". L" &"n9'&'n2" $' "#%& 'n '" %n" ' &'"#2" 5&2n25"#1'n' 5%& &"$2"2n K##"1""g?".
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Bona de tubos: E #" %n" $%n$' #% 5&%$?% $' #" %1@?2n Kg"' % ?1% &"n92'&'n "#%& "# "g?" 5&2n25"#1'n' 5%& %n'2n Kg"' "g?". EH %n2?2$" 5%& ?@%, $'n&% $' #% ?"#' 5?'$'n 2&?#"& #% ?1% % '# "g?".
A88ESOR6OS PARA E; @UN86ONAM6EN0O SEGURO L" "#$'&" $'@'n 5%''& ?n" '&2' $' "'%&2% ?' 5'&12"n ? ?2#2"2n 'n 9%&1" 'g?&", #% ?' %n: •
A&&esorios de obser#a&iCn $% 2n$2"$%&' $' n2'# $' "g?" ?n% % 1H 1"n1'&%. En '# "% $' #% 1"n1'&% '% $'@'&Hn 2n$2"& %n ?n" #n'" &%8" 2n$'#'@#' #" 5&'2n 1H(21" $' #" "#$'&".
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A&&esorios de seuridad H#?#" $' 'g?&2$"$, 2'1" $' "#"&1", '##% % 5?'&" $' "#22% $' %@&' 5&'2n 'n '# %g"& "5n 9?2@#' K'n "#g?n% "%. E# 2'1" $' "#"&1", "J2" % 2?"#, ' $'@' "2"& ?"n$% '# n2'# $' "g?" ##'g?' "# 1n21%, "$'1H $'@'&H $''n'& '# 2'1" $' %1@?2n.
PAR0ES PR6N86PA;ES 1E ;A 8A;1ERAS 1E ?APOR L" "#$'&" $' "5%&, @H2"1'n' %n"n $' + 5"&' 5&2n25"#': •
8Dmara de aua R'2@' '' n%1@&' '# '5"2% ?' %?5" '# "g?" 'n '# 2n'&2%& $' #" "#$'&". E# n2'# $' "g?" ' 928" 'n ? 9"@&2"2n, $' "# 1"n'&"
7
?' %@&'5"' 'n ?n% - 1 5%& #% 1'n% " #% ?@% % %n$?% $' ?1% ?5'&2%&'. C%n '%, " %$" "#$'&" #' %&&'5%n$' ?n" 2'&" "5"2$"$ $' "g?", #% ?"# 9%&1" #" H1"&" $' "g?". S'gJn #" &"n ?' '(2' 'n&' #" "5"2$"$ $' #" H1"&" $' "g?" #" ?5'&922' $' "#'9"2n, ' $22ng?'n "#$'&" $' g&"n %#?1'n, 1'$2"n% 5'?'% %#?1'n $' "g?". L" "#$'&" $' g&"n %#?1'n $' "g?" %n #" 1H 'n2##" $' %n&?2n "n2g?". S' %15%n'n $' ?n% " $% 2#2n$&% ?n2$% 'n&' 2'n'n ?n" "5"2$"$ ?5'&2%& " -L $' "g?" 5%& "$" 1+ $' ?5'&922' $' "#'9"2n. L" "#$'&" $' 1'$2"n% %#?1'n $' "g?" 'Hn 5&%2" $' "&2% ?@% $' ?1% "1@2*n $' "#g?n% ?@% $' "g?", %n #% ?"# "?1'n" #" ?5'&922' $' "#'9"2n, 2n "?1'n"& '# %#?1'n %"# $'# "g?". L" "#$'&" $' 5'?'% %#?1'n $' "g?" 'Hn 9%&1"$" 5%& n?1'&%% ?@% $' "g?" $' 5'?'% $2H1'&%, %n #% ?"#' ' "?1'n" %n2$'&"@#'1'n' #" ?5'&922' $' "#'9"2n. C%1% "&"'&2" 215%&"n' 5%$'1% %n2$'&"& ?' #" "#$'&" $' g&"n %#?1'n $' "g?" 2'n'n #" ?"#2$"$ $' 1"n'n'& 1H % 1'n% '"@#' #" 5&'2n $'# "5%& '# n2'# $'# "g?", 5'&% 2'n'n '# $'9'% $' '& 1? #'n" 'n '# 'n'n$2$%, $'@2$% " ? &'$?2$" ?5'&922' 5&%$?'n 5%% "5%&. S%n 1? 5'#2g&%" 'n "% $' '(5#%2n 5%% '%n12". P%& %&% #"$%, #" "#$'&" $' 5'?'% %#?1'n $' "g?", 5%& ? g&"n ?5'&922' $' "#'9"2n, %n 1? &H52$" 'n #" 5&%$?2n $' "5%&, 2'n'n 1? @?'n &'n$212'n% 5&%$?'n g&"n$' "n2$"$' $' "5%&. D'@2$% " '% &'?2'&'n '5'2"# ?2$"$% 'n #" "#21'n"2n $'# "g?" &'g?#"2n $'# 9?'g%, 5?' $' 9"#"&#' "#21'n"2n, 5?'$'n '"&' ?'1"&' 'n @&'' 12n?%. •
8Dmara de #apor E '# '5"2% %?5"$% 5%& '# "5%& 'n '# 2n'&2%& $' #" "#$'&", 'n '##" $'@' '5"&"&' '# "5%& $'# "g?" ?' ##'' ?n" ?5'n2n. C?"n% 1H "&2"@#' '" '# %n?1% $' "5%&, "n% 1"%& $'@' '& '# %#?1'n $' '" H1"&", $' 1"n'&" ?' "?1'n' "1@2*n #" $2"n2" 'n&' '# n2'# $'# "g?" #" %1" $' "5%&.
8
8;AS6@68A86ONES E(2'n "&2" 9%&1" $' #"292"2n $' "#$'&", 'n&' #" ?' ' 5?'$'n '"#"&:
2' Sen la presiCn de trabaFo B"8" 5&'2n: $' +. g.1+ M'$2" 5&'2n: $' +. - g.1+ A#" 5&'2n: $' - ++ g.1+ S?5'&&2": 1H $' ++ g.1+. <' Sen se enera&iCn D' "g?" "#2'n' D' "5%&: "?&"$% KJ1'$% % '% R'"#'n"$%. =' Sen la &ir&ula&iCn de aua dentro de la &aldera C2&?#"2n n"?&"#: '# "g?" ' 1?'' 5%& '9'% *&12% C2&?#"2n 9%&"$": '# "g?" ' "' 2&?#"& 1'$2"n' @%1@". • • • •
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4' Sen la &ir&ula&iCn del aua y los ases &alientes en la $ona de tubos de las &alderas Pirotubulares o de tubos de humo : En '" "$'&" #% ?1% 5""n
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5%& $'n&% $' #% ?@% '$2'n$% ? "#%& "# "g?" ?' #% &%$'". A&uotubulares o de tubos de aua E# "g?" 2&?#" 5%& $'n&% $' #% ?@%, "5"n$% "#%& $' #% g"' "#2'n' ?' 5""n 5%& '# '('&2%&. P'&12'n g'n'&"& g&"n$' "n2$"$' $' "5%& %@&'"#'n"$% " "#" 5&'2n "#" '15'&"?&", ' ?" 'n 5#"n" *&12" 5"&" g'n'&"& 5%'n2" 1'$2"n' ?&@2n".
8ara&tersti&as Prin&ipales de las 8alderas Pirotubulares
9
BH2"1'n' %n &'252'n' 1'H#2%, %1Jn1'n' $' "'&%, $' 9%&1" 2#n$&2" % '122#n$&2", "&"'"$% 5%& g&?5% $' ?@% 5%& ?% 2n'&2%& 2&?#"n #% g"' $' %1@?2n. P%& 5&%@#'1" $' &'2'n2" $' 1"'&2"#', ? "1"% ' #212"$%. S? $21'n2%n' "#"n"n " 1 $' $2H1'&% - 1. $' #"&g%. S' %n&?'n 5"&" F#?8% 1H(21% $' +. g. $' "5%& ? 5&'2%n' $' &"@"8% n% ?5'&"n #% -= g.1+. P?'$'n 5&%$?2& "g?" "#2'n' % "5%& "?&"$%. En '# 5&21'& "% ' #' 2n"#" ?n '"n?' $' '(5"n2n ?' 5'&12' "@%&@'& #" $2#""2%n' $' "g?". En '# "% $' "5%& 5%''n ?n n2'# $' "g?" " - % + 1. %@&' #% ?@% ?5'&2%&'. En&' ? "&"'&2" ' 5?'$'n 1'n2%n"&: S'n2##' $' %n&?2n. F"2#2$"$ $' 2n5'2n, &'5"&"2n #2152'". G&"n 5'%. L'n" 5?'" 'n 1"&". G&"n 5'#2g&% 'n "% $' '(5#%2n % &?5?&" $'@2$% "# g&"n %#?1'n $'
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&'" '?2"#'n' $' #" '2n &'" $'# $'52% $' %1@?2@#'
n NJ1'&% $' %1"
T2'15% $' 5&?'@" K'g
C%n2$'&"n$% #" '2n &'" $'# 2#2n$&% %n"n' ' 2'n' 5"&" #" 92g?&" "$8?n":
&'" '?2"#'n'-(66 1 +.6 1+ R''15#""n$% 'n K+ ' 2'n': ´ v 1=0.6 × m ´ v 2=0.6 × m ´ v 3=0.6 × m
0.025 × 1000 175
0.026 × 1000 214
0.026 × 1000 200
=0.0857 kg / seg = 0.0728 kg / seg = 0.078 kg / seg
P%& #% "n% 'n KI ' 2'n': mV =
(
mV =
(
´mv +m´ v + m´ v 1
2
3
0.0857
3
)
×t
+0.0728 + 0.078 3
)
× ( 196.33 )=15.478 Kg
25
='<'<' 1E0ERM6NA86QN 1E; @;U-O 1E 8OM>US06>;E
√
2
2
´ !P = ∆ " H 2 O × ρ H 2 O × 2 g A12 × A22 … .. ( 3 ) V ρ!P A 1− A2
Dn$': ∆ " H 2 O= #a$da de presi%n enel ori&i#io ρ H 2 O =1000
kgr
ρ!P =1.845
kgr
g= 9.81
m
m
K m H
2 O
3
3
m s
2
A 1= Areade la tu'er$a p du#to A 2= Areadel ori&i#io d 1=di(metro delatu'er$a ( 1 ) )= 0.0254 m d 2=di(metro del ori&i#io( 0.5 * * )=0.0127 m
V !P
(
´ V ∑ =
!P
m
)
× t ( m ) … … .. ( 4 ) 3
R''15#""n$% #% $"% 'n K3 ' 2'n': ´ !P = V
√
´ !P 2= V
√
1
6.33 × 0.0254 × 1000 1.845
6.38 × 0.0254 × 1000 1.845
× 2 × 9.81
× 2 × 9.81
0.0005067 0.0005067
0.0005067 0.0005067
2
× 0.0001266
2
2
− 0.0001266
2
2
× 0.0001266
2
− 0.0001266
2
2
=0.0054063 m 3 / seg
=0.0054276 m 3 / seg
26
´ !P = V 2
√
6.40 × 0.0254 × 1000 1.845
× 2 × 9.81
0.0005067 0.0005067
2
× 0.0001266
2
2
− 0.0001266
2
=0.0054312 m 3 / seg
R''15#""n$% 'n K4 ' %@2'n':
(
V !P=
0.0054063
+ 0.0054276 + 0.0054276 3
)
3
× 196.33 =1.06444 m
='<'=' 8L;8U;O 1E; 8A;OR 06;*H2+ C%n2$'&"n$% '# 2#% 2g?2'n' 5"&" '# g'n'&"$%& $' "5%&:
+ 1=
mv V !P
× ( "2− "1 )
WW.K
Dn$': "2=( "g|78.3 psi )=2756.8
K, =658.323 K#al / Kg Kg
P"&" T33 C P>=.3 52 K"@#" '&1%$2nH12" K, = 32.966 K#al / Kg " 1=137.8 Kg
R''15#""n$% 'n K ' %@2'n': 15.478 += × ( 658.323 −32.966 ) =9093.303 K#al / m 3 1
1.06444
27
='<'4' 8A;OR PER161O EN ;OS GASES 1E ES8APE *H<+ +2=V gases ×Cpg × ( T g−T-. )
''''(6)
Dn$': Vg"' V%#?1'n $' #% g"' $' '"5' K13 C5g "#%& '5'92% $' g"' .377> "#13 Tg '15'&"?&" $' "#2$" $' #% g"' C T" '15'&"?&" $' @?#@% '% KTBS C 19.44 C C "n2$"$ $' C"&@%n% 'n '# %1@?2@#' A$'1H:
√
2
2
´ A/ = ∆ " H 2 O × ρ H 2O × 2 g A12 × A22 … .. ( 7 ) V ρA/ A 1− A 2
∆ " H 2 O= #a$da de presi%n enel ori&i#io ρ H 2 O =1000
2 O
kg m
3
ρA./. =0.74207
g= 9.81
K m H
kgr 3
m
m s
2
A 1= Areade la tu'er$aes#ape A 2= Areadel ori&i#io d 1=di(metro delatu'er$a ( 12 ) )= 0.3048 m d 2=di(metro del ori&i#ioasumido ( 6 * * )= 0.1524 m
28
(
V A./. =
∑ V ´
A./.
m
)
× t ( m ) … … .. ( 8 ) 3
P"&" '# H#?#% $' #" $'n2$"$ $' #" 1'#" ?2#2"1% #" '?"2n $' C#"5'&%n Y-Z: 0 C
ρA/ =
22.4 ×
[
T × P0 P× T 0
]
Dn$': 0 C =
(
9 × 46
)+ 0.021 × ( 30 ) + 19.2 × ( 32 )+ 125.781 × ( 28 ) Kg =29.551 Kmol 9 + 0.021 + 19.2 + 125.781
R''15#""n$% 'n #" '?"2n $' C#"5'&%n: C%n2$'&"n$% P g"' --.6 /P" K"?12$% L?'g% ' 2'n': ρA/ =
22.4 ×
29.551
[
538 × 101300 101600 × 292.594
]
=0.7196 Kg / m 3
R''15#""n$% 'n #" '?"2n K> ' 2'n':
´ !P = V 1
√
0.14 × 0.0254
× 1000
0.74207
× 2 × 9.81
0.072822 0.072822
2
× 0.0182414
2
2
− 0.0182414
2
=0.182699 m 3 / seg
P%& #% "n%:
29
V A/ =0.182699 × 218= 39.8285 m
3
R''15#""n$% 'n #" '?"2n K6 ' 2'n': K#al + =39.8285 × 0.3997 × ( 265−19.44 )= 3909.18 2
m3
='<'I' 8A;OR PER161O POR E?APORA86QN 1E; AGUA 1E @ORMA86QN *H=+
[
+ 3=9 H ( 100 −T C ) + 322.4069 + 0.3997 ( T g−100 )
] K#al m 3
Dn$': 7; "n2$"$ $' "g?" 9%&1"$" %n2$'&"n$% ?' - g $' ;+ ' "5" $' 9%&1"& 7 g $' ;+O ;[ "n2$"$ $' ;+ 'n '# %1@?2@#' K->.=4 ;.->64;[13%1@.3-467 En%n' &''15#""n$% ' %@2'n': A?12'n$%: T+.=C K'15'&"?&" $'# %1@?2@#' + 3=9 × 0.031469 [ ( 100 −20.8 ) + 322.4069 + 0.3997 ( 265− 100 ) ]
+ 3=132.422
K#al m3
='<'' 8A;OR PER161O POR E?APORA86QN 1E 9UME1A1 SUPER@686A; 1E; 8OM>US06>;E *H4+ + 4 =1 ( 212−T C ) + 970.3 + 0.46 ( T g−212 )
30
"n2$"$ $' ?1'$"$#@ $' %1@?2@#'. Q4 %#% ' 2gn292"2% 'n %1@?2@#' #2$%. P%& "n%: Q4 .
='<'3' 8A;OR PER161O POR 8OM>US06QN 6N8OMP;E0A *HI+ T'n2'n$% 'n ?'n" #" 2g?2'n' &'"2%n' ?12" $' %1@?2n
+ 5=
C =0.8236 ×
2CO × 2367.88 C K#al / m 3 2C O2 + 2CO
C 3 m 3 #om'
C"n2$"$ $' "&@%n% 'n '# %1@?2@#' K=+.-, R''15#""n$% $"% ' %@2'n':
+ 5=
0.021 9
+0.021
× 2367.88 ( 0.8236 × 0.8215 )=3.7295 K#al / m 3
='<'J' 8A;OR PER161O POR 8AR>QN NO 8ONSUM61O Y SE 9A;;A PRESEN0E EN ;AS 8EN6BAS *H+ + 6=14150 ×
4 a
´# m
× C a
" 5'% $' 'n2" &'%#'"$" 5%& ?n2$"$ $' 2'15%. 1 5'% $' %1@?2@#' ?'1"$% 5%& ?n2$"$ $' 2'15%. C" 5'% $' %1@?2@#' 'n 'n2", ' "?12$% %1% "&@%n%. P%& "n%: Q6 .
='<'5' 8A;OR PER161O A; 8A;EN0AM6EN0O 1E ;A 9UME1A1 1E; A6RE AM>6EN0A; *H3+ 31
+ 7=( V A./. − V !P ) ×C PV × ( T g −T-. ) ×
1
V !P
( ) K#al m
3
Dn$': C PV =Calor espe#$&i#o del vapor =0.2664
TBS: T'15'&"?&" $' @?#@% '%
K#al 3
m 5 K
19.44
C
R''15#""n$% 'n #" '?"2n "n'&2%& ' 2'n': + 7=( 39.8285 −1.06444 ) × 0.2664 × ( 265−19.44 ) ×
='<'2K'
1 1.1165
( )
=2271.236 K#al m
3
8A;OR PER161O POR RA16A86QN,8ON?E886QN Y
O0ROS*HJ+ i =7
+ 8= PC !P −
+ ∑ = i
i
1
Dn$': PC !P =22400
K#al 3
m
+8=22400 −(2271.236 + 3.7295 + 132.422 + 3909.18 + 9093.303 )¿ + 8=6990.1295
='<'22'
K#al m
3
E@686EN86A 1E; GENERA1OR*n+
+1 nT = PC !P
nT =
='='
9093.303 22400
=40.595
RESU;0A1OS'
32
REPRESEN0A86QN GRL@68A 1E; >A;AN8E 0RM68O
GRL@68A MASA 1E AGUA ?S 06EMPO
33
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34
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36
