Pa ge | 1 PART I PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION (FINGERPRINT)
1.
What is fingerprint impression? Answer: Fingerprint impression is refers to a pattern or designed formed by the ridges on the end joint of the fingers or thumb.
2.
When fingerprint is formed in the human being? Answer: Fingerprint is formed three to four months (!"# in the mother$s womb.
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What are the %omposite of the end joint of the fingers or thumb whi%h form the impression? Answer: &nd joint of the fingers or thumb is made up of papi''ary ridges and furrows. Papi''ary ridges or sometimes referred to as fri%tion ridges or epiderma' ridges are ° raised strips of the s)in by whi%h fingerprint are made* whi'e ° Furrows are the depressions or %ana's between the ridges.
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What are the )inds of fingerprint impression? Answer: +here are two )inds of fingerprint impression: ,ea' impression it is intentiona''y made impression with the use of any printing ° materia's. ° -han% -han%e e impre impress ssion ion these these are are impri imprint nted ed impres impressio sion n by mere mere %han%e %han%e or withou without t intention to produ%e the print.
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What are the ways of ta)ing rea' fingerprint impressions? Answer: Fingerprints are made by: ,o''ed impression this is printed by ro''ing the fingers or thumb away from the ° %enter of the subje%t$s body. P'ain impressions this is printed without ro''ing the fingers or thumb. °
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What are the %'assifi%ations of %han%e impression? Answer: -han%e impression is either 0isib'e or 'atent print. ° t is 0isib'e impression when the print is apparent e0en without %hemi%a' treatment* t is 'atent print impression howe0er if the print is in0isib'e but made 0isib'e ° if some substan%es are app'ied.
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What ma)es different between 3A-+4567,AP84 and 3A-+4569-6P4? Answer: oth are art of studying fingerprint as a means of persona' identifi%ation but in 3a%ty'ography 3a%ty'ography it refers to the re%ording of fingerprint* whi'e in 3A-+4569-6P4 it refers to the %omparison of fingerprint.
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What are the %hara%teristi%s of fingerprint? Answer: Fingerprints ha0e the %hara%ter of: ndi0idua'ity no two peop'e ha0e fingerprint that are e
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What are the 'ayers of the s)in and their effe%ts in the %hara%ter of fingerprint? Answer: 9)in has: an outer s%arf or epidermis* > ° an inner s%arf or dermis. ° n %ase of temporary impairment the outer s%arf re0ert to their natura' a'ignment and fingerprint wi'' not %hanged or destroy but if the inner s%arf wi'' impaired the fingerprint wi'' be destroyed and wi'' not be restored.
1.
When fingerprint e0iden%e warrant %on0i%tion? Answer: +o warrant a %on0i%tion the fingerprints %orresponding to those of the a%%used must ha0e been found in the %rime s%ene whi%h they %ou'd ha0e been impressed at the time when the %rime is %ommitted.
11.
8ow 'atent impressions are made? Answer: +hey are made by the perspiration on top of the ridges of the fingers.
12.
What was the first Appe''ate -ourt to pass upon the admissibi'ity of fingerprint as e0iden%e? Answer: n 1=11 an ''inois -ourt in the %ase of Peop'e 0s. @ennings was the first Appe''ate -ourt to pass upon the admissibi'ity of fingerprint as e0iden%e.
Pa ge | 2 1.
s fingerprint$s photograph suffi%ient in %ourt to support %on0i%tion? Answer: 4es. n the %ase of 9tate 0s. -onners the %ourt was he'd %ompetent to show by a photograph the fingerprint upon the post without produ%ing the post in %ourt.
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What What is the the first first judi% judi%ia' ia' de%isi de%ision on in the Phi'ip Phi'ippin pine e fingerprinting? Answer: Peop'e 0s. edina = Phi'. .
1.
What are the different fingerprint patterns? Answer: Answer: A'' fingerpr fingerprints ints are di0ided di0ided into three three %'asses %'asses on the basis of their their genera' genera' patterns name'y: A. Ar%h (B# . 5oo 5oops (/B (/B# # -. Who Whor' (B (B# #
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What is ar%h pattern? Answer: Ar%h is the 'east %ommon of the three genera' patterns and is subdi0ided into two distin%t groups P'ain and +ented. ° +he P'ain Ar%h is the simp'est of a'' fingerprint patterns and is formed by ridges entering from one side of the print and e
1.
What is 'oop pattern? Answer: A 5oop is a type of pattern in whi%h one or more ridges enter either side re%ur0e tou%h or pass an imaginary 'ine between 3e'ta and -ore and tend to e
1;.
What is whor' pattern? Answer: Whor' pattern is the se%ond most %ommon of the three genera' patterns. +hey are subdi0ided into " distin%t groups: A%%identa' 3oub'e 5oop -entra' Po%)et 5oop and P'ain.
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What is p'ain whor' pattern? Answer Answer: : P'ain P'ain Whor's Whor's are the most most %ommon %ommon and simp'es simp'est t of the Whor' Whor' subtypes subtypes. . t is important to remember that P'ain Whor's ha0e two 3e'tas and at 'east one re%ur0ing ridge in front of ea%h. n a Whor' pattern the ridges are usua''y %ir%u'ar.
2.
What are the %hara%teristi%s of p'ain whor'? Answer: +hey are: ° A P'ain Whor' pattern must ha0e +ype 5ines and a minimum of two 3e'tas. A P'ain Whor' has at 'east one ridge that ma)es a %omp'ete %ir%uit and tou%h the ° imaginary 'ine drawn between the two de'tas. +his ridge may be in the form of a spira' o0a' %ir%'e or 0ariant of a %ir%'e. °
21.
What is %entra' po%)et 'oop whor'? Answer: -entra' Po%)et patterns ha0e type 'ines a minimum of two 3e'tas and at 'east one ridge tends to ma)e a %omp'ete %ir%'e. %ir%'e. An imaginary 'ine drawn between two de'tas must not tou%h or %ross any of the re%ur0ing ridges within the pattern area.
22.
What is doub'e 'oop whor'? Answer: A 3oub'e 5oop pattern as the name imp'ies is made up of two 5oops %ombined into one fingerprint. A 3oub'e 5oop pattern %onsists of two separate 5oop formations with two separate and distin%t sets of 9hou'ders and two 3e'tas.
2.
What is a%%identa' whor'? Answer: A. A%%ident A%%identa' a' Whor's Whor's %onsist %onsist of a %ombinat %ombination ion of two different different types types of pattern pattern (with the e<%eption of P'ain Ar%hes#. . A%%identa' A%%identa' Whor's Whor's ha0e two or more 3e'tas 3e'tas and fa'' into into their own %ategory. %ategory. -. A%%identa' A%%identa' Whor's Whor's may o%%ur o%%ur in some of the %ombinations %ombinations 'isted be'ow: be'ow: 5oop and a Whor' ° 5oop and a +ented Ar%h ° 5oop and -entra' Po%)et 5oop ° ° 3oub'e 5oop and -entra' Po%)et 5oop
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Pa ge | 2".
n summary how many fingerprint patterns? What are they and gi0e their %orresponding symbo's? Answer: +here are eight fingerprint patterns name'y: ° P'ain ar%h (A# ° +ented ar%h(+# C'nar 'oop(C# ° ,adia' 'oop(,# ° ° P'ain whor'(W# ° -entra' po%)et 'oop whor'(-# 3oub'e 'oop whor'(3# ° A%%identa' whor'(D# °
2.
What is pattern area? Answer: +he pattern area is that part of the 'oop or whor' in whi%h appear the %ores de'tas and ridges whi%h are en%'osed by type 'ines.
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What is a type 'ine? Answer Answer: : +ype +ype 'ines 'ines may may be defin defined ed as the two two innerm innermost ost ridges ridges whi%h whi%h start start para' para''e 'e' ' di0erge and surround or tend to surround the pattern area.
2.
What is the distin%tion between a di0ergen%e and a bifur%ation? Answer: A di0ergen%e is the spreading apart of two 'ines whi%h ha0e been running para''e' or near'y para''e'* whi'e a bifur%ation is the for)ing or di0iding of one 'ine into two or more bran%hes.
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-an we use as a type 'ines the for) of the bifur%ation? Answer: Eo e<%ept when the for)s run para''e' after bifur%ating and then di0erge.
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What are the fo%a' points in the fingerprint e
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What is de'ta? Answer: 3e'ta is that point on a ridge at or in front of and nearest the %enter of the di0ergen%e of the type 'ines.
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What are the different ridges that may use as de'ta? Answer: +hey are: ° A bifur%ation ° Abrupt ending ridge 3ot ° 9hort ridge ° ° eeting of two ridge
2.
When a dot or other type of de'ta and the bifur%ation are eua''y %'osed to the di0ergen%e of the type 'ines whi%h one wi'' be se'e%ted as de'ta? Answer: 9e'e%t the bifur%ation.
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When there are two or more possib'e de'tas whi%h %onform to the definition whi%h one wi'' be se'e%ted? Answer: +he one nearest to the %ore.
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What is %ore? Answer: +he %ore is the appro
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What are the ru'es that go0ern the se'e%tion of the %ore? Answer: +hey are: +he %ore is p'a%ed upon or within the innermost suffi%ient re%ur0e* ° When the innermost suffi%ient re%ur0e %ontains no ending ridge or rod rising as high ° as the shou'ders of the 'oop the %ore is p'a%ed on the shou'der of the 'oop farther from the de'ta. ° When the innermost suffi%ient re%ur0ed %ontains an une0en number of rods raising as high as the shou'ders the %ore is p'a%ed upon the end of the %enter rod whether it tou%hes the 'ooping ridge or not. ° When the innermost suffi%ient re%ur0e %ontains an e0en number of rods rising as high as the shou'ders the %ore is p'a%ed upon the end of he farther one of the two %enter rods.
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What is meant by a shou'der of the 'oop?
Pa ge | " Answer: +he shou'ders of the 'oop are the points whi%h the re%ur0ing ridge definite'y turns inward or %ur0es.
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What are the different )inds of ridges that are 0a'uab'e for %omparison purposes? Answer: +hey are: ° ifur%ation. +he point where a ridge di0ides or for)s to be%ome two and run either para''e' or di0erge* ° s'and s'and ,idge. ,idge. A short short ridge ridge 'o%ated 'o%ated within the temporar temporary y di0ergen di0ergen%e %e of para''e' para''e' ridges running para''e' to the ridge on either side. &n%'osure. &n%'osure. ,efers to a ridge for)s and then turns to a sing'e para''e' ridge within ° a re'ati0e'y short distan%e. ° 3ot. A 0ery short se%tion of a ridge usua''y round in %ontour with probab'y on'y one pore showing. 9hort ridge. ,efers to a ,idge that has an open area at either end. ° &nding ridge. ,idge that has abrupt ending and has pre0ious'y %ontinued %ontinued for a uite ° distan%e. ° ro)en ridge. ,efers to a ridge that is bro)en up into segment. ° -rosso0e -rosso0erGbr rGbridge idge. . +his is 9hort 9hort ridges ridges that inter%on inter%onne%t ne%t two another another para''e' para''e' ridges. 9pur. +his is a 0ery short ridge jutting out from a free!f'owing ridge. ° 3i0ergen%e. 3i0ergen%e. +hese are ridges running together in para''e' fashion tend to separate ° and %ontinue on another %ourse.
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What is the standard number of simi'arity of ridges to arri0e at the %on%'usion that two fingerprint are the same from the other? Answer: ost e
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What are the di0isions of the %'assifi%ations formu'a? Answer: +hey are: Primary %'assifi%ation ° 9e%ondary %'assifi%ation ° ° -apita' 'etter group ° 9ma'' 'etter group 9ub se%ondary %'assifi%ation ° ajor di0ision ° ° Fina' %'assifi%ation ° Hey %'assifi%ation
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What is primary %'assifi%ation? Answer: +his is the resu't of the summation of a'' the numeri%a' 0a'ues assigned to whor's whi%h are e
"1.
n %ase there is no whor' in the %hart what is the primary %'assifi%ation of the set of fingerprint? Answer: 1G1
"2.
What are the subdi0isions of se%ondary %'assifi%ation? Answer: +hey are: -apit -apita' a' 'etter 'etter group group +his +his is symbo' symbo'iIe iIed d by a %apita %apita' ' 'etter 'etters s of the patter pattern n ° represented by two inde< fingers after the primary %'assifi%ation. ,ight finger is the numerator and the 'eft finger is the denominator. denominator. +here are fi0e basi% types of patterns whi%h %an appear: ° Ar%h A ° tented Ar%h + ,adia' 'oop , ° C'nar 'oop C ° ° Whor' W ° 9ma'' 'etter group +his refers to three types of patterns on'y name'y* p'ain ar%h (a# ° tented ar%h (t# ° ° radia' 'oop (r#
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What is subse%ondary %'assifi%ation? Answer: +his is a%%omp'ished by grouping a%%ording to the ridge %ounts of 'oops and the ridge tra%ing of whor's. 6n'y inde< midd'e and ring fingers of 'eft and right hand are in0o'0ed
Pa ge | "".
What is ridge %ount? Answer: Hnowing the number of ridges inter0ening between the de'ta and the %ore is referred to as Jridge %ountingK.
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What are the ru'es of ridge %ounting? Answer: +hey are: ° Eeither de'ta nor %ore is %ounted n the e0ent there is a ridge e
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What is whor' tra%ing Answer: ,efers to the tra%ing of the ridges from the 'eft de'ta to the right de'ta. +he inter0ening ridges between the tra%ing ridge and the right de'ta are then %ounted.
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What are the ru'es of ridge tra%ing? Answer: +hey are: ° f the ridge tra%ed passes inside of (abo0e# the right de'ta and there are or more ridges ridges inter0en inter0ene e between between the tra%ing tra%ing ridge and the de'ta the tra%ing tra%ing is designated as JinnerK or with a symbo' of JK. ° f the ridge tra%ed passes outside of (be'ow# the right de'ta and there are or more ridges ridges inter0en inter0ene e between between the tra%ing tra%ing ridge and the de'ta the tra%ing tra%ing is designated as J6uterK or with a symbo' of J6K. A'' other tra%ing are designated as JeetingK or with a symbo' of JK. ° When the ridge tra%ed ends abrupt'y and it is determined that the ridge definite'y ° ends the tra%ing drops down to the ne
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What is major di0ision? Answer: +his is done by ridge %ounting the 'oops and ridge tra%ing the whor' appearing on the thumb. +his is p'a%ed just to the 'eft of the primary in the %'assifi%ation formu'a. Where Where whor' whor' appear appears s in the the thumb thumb ref'e% ref'e%ts ts the whor' whor' tra%in tra%ing* g* where where a 'oop 'oop appear appears s trans'ate the ridge %ount into 9ma'' (9# edium (# and 5arge (5#.
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What is a fina' %'assifi%ation? Answer: +his is based upon the ridge %ount of the 'oop in the right 'itt'e finger. t is indi%ated at the e
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What is a )ey %'assifi%ation? Answer Answer: : +his +his is obtaine obtained d by %ountin %ounting g the ridges ridges of the the fingerprint fingerprint %ard(beginning from the right thumb# e<%'usi0e ne0er %onsidered %onsidered for the )ey as they are reser0ed reser0ed for the found is a'ways p'a%ed to the e
first first of the fina'. fina'. of the
'oop appear appearing ing on the 'itt'e fingers whi%h are +he )ey no matter where where %'assifi%ation formu'a.
1.
When an impression is so s%arred that neither ridge tra%ing nor %ounting %an be determined what impression shou'd be gi0en? Answer Answer: : 7i0e 7i0e both both the genera genera' ' type type 0a'ue 0a'ue and the the sub!%' sub!%'ass assifi ifi%a %atio tion n 0a'ue 0a'ue of the %orresponding finger of the other hand.
2.
When an impression is so s%arred that neither of the genera' type of pattern nor the ridge tra%ing or %ount %an be determined and it so happens that %orresponding finger of the other hand is simi'ar'y s%arred what impression shou'd be gi0en? Answer: 7i0en the probab'e 0a'ue of whor's with meeting tra%ing.
Pa ge | /
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What is the %'assifi%ation if one finger is amputated? Answer: Answer: t is the %'assifi %'assifi%ati %ation on identi%a identi%a' ' with that of the opposite opposite finger finger in%'udin in%'uding g pattern and ridge %ount or tra%ing and referen%ed to e0ery other possib'e %'assifi%ation.
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What is the %'assifi%ation if two or more fingers are amputated? Answer Answer: : +hey +hey are gi0en gi0en %'assi %'assifi% fi%ati ation on identi identi%a %a' ' with with the additiona' referen%es.
finge fingers rs
oppos opposite ite
with with
no
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What is the %'assifi%ation if two amputated fingers are opposite ea%h other? Answer: oth are gi0en the %'assifi%ation of whor's with meeting tra%ing.
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What is the %'assifi%ation if the fingerprint %ard bearing a notation of fingers missing at birth or missing from pre!nata' %ause? Answer: +he missing fingers shou'd be treated as amputations in that they are gi0en the identi%a' %'assifi%ations of the opposite fingers and are fi'ed in the amputation group.
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f a'' 1 fingers are amputated or missing at birth what wi'' be the %'assifi%ation? Answer: t shou'd be: 2 W 2 W n those %ases where a'' of the fingers are amputated the in)ed footprints shou'd be obtained.
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PART II POLYGRAPHY-LIE DETECTION-DECEPTOGRAPHY
1.
What is Po Po'ygraphy? Answer: (5ie dete%tion test or 3e%eptography# is defined as the s%ientifi% dete%tion of de%eption through the use or aid of a po'ygraph.
2.
What is Po'ygraph? Answer: deri0ed from two 7ree) words JPo'yK whi%h means any or more* and J7raphosK whi%h means Writings. A de0i%e or instrument %apab'e of re%ording %hanges in b'ood pressureGpu'se beats respiration and ga'0ano!s)in!ref'e< ga'0ano!s)in!ref'e< (79,# as indi%ati0e of emotiona' e<%itement e<%itement espe%ia''y of 'ying when uestioned.
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What is 3e%eption? Answer: is an a%t of de%ei0ing or mis'eading whi%h is usua''y a%%omp'ished by 'ying.
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What is meant by 5ying? Answer: the uttering or %on0eying fa'sehood or %reating a fa'se or mis'eading impression with intention of wrongfu''y affe%ting the a%t option or affe%tion of others.
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What is meant ant by by 3et 3ete e%tio %tion n? Answer Answer: : is the the a%t of obs%ured.
dis%o0 dis%o0eri ering ng
the e
or
prese presen%e n%e of somet somethin hing g
hidden hidden of
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What is &motion? Answer: is a %omp'e< state of fee'ing in0o'0ing %ons%ious e
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What is 9timu'us? Answer: is the for%e or motion rea%hing the organism and e<%ites the pre%eptors.
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What is ,ea%tion? Answer: is any a%ti0ity aroused in an organism by a stimu'us whi%h is of menta' pro%ess.
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What is ,esponse? Answer: Answer: is any rea%tion rea%tion usua''y usua''y of mus%u'ar mus%u'ar or g'andu'a g'andu'ar r pro%esse pro%esses s that depends depends upon stimu'ation.
1. 1.
11.
What What is mea meant nt by 9pe% 9pe%if ifi% i% ,esp ,espon onse se? ? Answer Answer: : is one that is e
a subje% subje%t t to a parti% parti%u'a u'ar r uesti uestion on whi%h whi%h is a
What What is is meant meant by the the term term 9ubje% 9ubje%t t in po'ygr po'ygrap aph h e
Pa ge | Answer: refers to any person undergoing po'ygraph e
Who Who are are Po'y Po'ygr grap aph h &
1. 1.
What What is Po'y Po'ygr grap aph h +est +estG& G&
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