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Aldous Huxley Huxley - Wikipedia, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia encyclopedia

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Aldous Huxley From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Aldous Leonard Huxley /ˈhʌksli/ (26 July 1894 – 22

Aldous Huxley

November 1963) was an English writer and a prominent member of the famous Huxley family. Best known for his novels including Brave New World and a wide-ranging output of essays, Huxley also edited the magazine Oxford Poetry , and published short stories, poetry, travel writing, film stories and scripts. He spent the later part of his life in the United States, living in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death. Huxley was a humanist, pacifist, and satirist. He later became interested in spiritual subjects such as parapsychology and [1][2] philosophical mysticism, in particular Vivekananda's Vivekananda's [3] Neo-Vedanta and Universalism. He is also well known for his use of psychedelic drugs. By the end of his life Huxley was widely acknowledged as one [4] of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time. Born

Aldous Leonard Huxley 26 July 1894 Godalming, Surrey, England

Died

22 November 1963 (aged 69) Los Angeles, California, United States

Resting

Compton, Surrey, England

Contents 1 Early Early life life 2 Care Career er 2.1 Bloomsbu Bloomsbury ry set set 2.2 United United States States 2.3 Post World World War War II 3 Association with Vedanta Vedanta 4 Eyes Eyesig ight ht 5 Persona Personall llife ife 6 Deat Death h 7 Award wards s 8 Film adaptations adaptations of Huxley's Huxley's work 9 Selected Selected works 9.1 Novels Novels 9.2 Short story story collection collections s 9.3 Poetry Poetry collections collections 9.4 Essay collec collections tions 9.5 Screenpla Screenplays ys 9.6 Travel books 9.7 Children' Children's s fiction 9.8 9.8 Dram Drama a 9.9 Articles Articles written written for Vedanta and the West 9.10 Audio Recordings Recordings on CD 9.11 9.11 Othe Otherr 10 See See also also 11 Refere References nces

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place

Occupation Writer (fiction & non-fiction) Notable work(s)

Spouse(s)

Brave New World Island Point Counter Point The Doors of Perception Perception The Perennial Perennial Philosophy Maria Nys (m. 1919–55) Laura Huxley (m. 1956–63)

Signature

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Aldous Huxley - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldous_Huxley

12 Sources 13 Further reading 14 External links

Early life See also: Huxley family

Aldous Huxley was born in Godalming, Surrey, England, in 1894. He was the third son of the writer and schoolmaster Leonard Huxley and his first wife, Julia Arnold, who founded Prior's Field School. Julia was the niece of poet and critic Matthew Arnold and the sister of Mrs. Humphrey Ward. Aldous was the grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, the zoologist, agnostic and controversialist ("Darwin's Bulldog"). His brother Julian Huxley and half-brother Andrew Huxley also became outstanding biologists. Aldous had another brother, Noel Trevelyan Huxley (1891–1914), who committed suicide after a period of clinical [5] depression. Huxley began his learning in his father's well-equipped botanical laboratory, then continued in a school named Hillside. His teacher was his mother, who supervised him for several years until she became terminally ill. After Hillside, he was educated at Eton College. Huxley's mother died in 1908 when he was 14. In 1911, he suffered an illness (keratitis punctata) which "left [him] practically blind for two to [6] three years". Aldous' near-blindness disqualified him from service in the First World War. Once his eyesight recovered sufficiently, he was able to study English literature at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1916 he edited Oxford Poetry and later graduated (B.A.) with first class honours. His brother Julian wrote, I believe his blindness was a blessing in disguise. For one thing, it put paid to his idea of taking up medicine as a career ... His uniqueness lay in his universalism. He was able to [7] take all knowledge for his province. Following his education at Balliol, Huxley was financially indebted to his father and had to earn a living. He taught French for a year at Eton, where Eric Blair (later to become George Orwell) and Stephen Runciman were among his pupils, but was remembered as an incompetent and hopeless teacher who [8] couldn’t keep discipline. Nevertheless, Blair and others were impressed by his use of words. For a short while in 1918, he was employed acquiring provisions at the Air Ministry. Significantly, Huxley also worked for a time in the 1920s at the technologically advanced Brunner and Mond chemical plant in Billingham, Teesside, and the most recent introduction to his famous science fiction novel Brave New World (1932) states that this experience of "an ordered universe in a world of [9] planless incoherence" was one source for the novel.

view · talk · edit (//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Huxley-Arnold_family_tree&action=edit) Huxley-Arnold Family Tree (partial) Thomas Arnold

Mary Penrose

1795–1842

1791–1873

Matthew Arnold

Tom Arnold

1822–1888

1823–1900

Mary

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Julia Arnold

George Huxley

Thomas Henry Huxley 1825–1895

Leonard

Rosalind

Ann Heathorn 1825–1915

Jessie

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Augusta Ward

1862–1908

1851–1920

Trevelyan Huxley

Julian Huxley

1891–1914

1887–1975

Huxley

Bruce

Huxley

1860–1933

1890–1994

1856–1927

Aldous Huxley

Laura Archera

1894–1963

1911–2007

Maria Nys 1899–1955


David Bruce Huxley 1915–1992

Andrew Huxley

Richenda Pease

1917–2012

1925–2003

Matthew Huxley 1920–2005

Career Huxley completed his first (unpublished) novel at the age of 17 and began writing seriously in his early 20s. His first published novels were social satires, beginning with Crome Yellow (1921).

Bloomsbury set During the First World War, Huxley spent much of his time at Garsington Manor, home of Lady Ottoline Morrell, working as a farm labourer. Here he met several Bloomsbury figures including Bertrand Russell and Clive Bell. Later, in Crome Yellow (1921) he caricatured the Garsington lifestyle. Jobs were very scarce, but in 1919 Middleton Murray was reorganizing the Athenaeum and invited Huxley to join the staff. He accepted immediately, and quickly married the Belgian refugee Maria Nys, also at [10] Garsington. They lived with their young son in Italy part of the time in the 1920s, where Huxley would visit his friend D. H. Lawrence. Following Lawrence's death in 1930, Huxley edited Lawrence's letters (1933).

Left to right: Bloomsbury Group members – Lady Ottoline Morrell, Maria Nys, Lytton Strachey, Duncan Grant, and Vanessa Bell.

Works of this period included important novels on the dehumanising aspects of scientific progress, most famously Brave New World, and on pacifist themes (for example, Eyeless in Gaza). In Brave New World Huxley portrays a society operating on the principles of mass production and Pavlovian conditioning. Huxley was strongly influenced by F. Matthias Alexander and included him as a character in Eyeless in Gaza.

Starting from this period, Huxley began to write and edit non-fiction works on pacifist issues, including Ends and Means, An Encyclopedia of Pacifism, and Pacifism and Philosophy , and was an active member [11] of the Peace Pledge Union.

United States In 1937, Huxley moved to Hollywood, with his wife Maria, son Matthew, and friend Gerald Heard. He lived in the U.S., mainly in southern California, until his death, but also for a time in Taos, New Mexico, where he wrote Ends and Means (published in 1937). In this work he examines the fact that although most people in modern civilisation agree that they want a world of "liberty, peace, justice, and brotherly love", they have not been able to agree on how to achieve it. Heard introduced Huxley to Vedanta (Upanishad-centered philosophy), meditation, and vegetarianism through the principle of ahimsa. In 1938 Huxley befriended J. Krishnamurti, whose teachings he greatly admired. He also became a Vedantist in the circle of Hindu Swami Prabhavananda, and introduced Christopher Isherwood to this circle. Not long after, Huxley wrote his book on widely held spiritual values and ideas, The Perennial Philosophy , which discussed the teachings of renowned mystics of the

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world. Huxley's book affirmed a sensibility that insists there are realities beyond the generally accepted "five senses" and that there is genuine meaning for humans beyond both sensual satisfactions and sentimentalities. Huxley became a close friend of Remsen Bird, president of Occidental College. He spent much time at the college, which is in the Eagle Rock neighbourhood of Los Angeles. The college appears as "Tarzana College" in his satirical novel After Many a Summer (1939). The novel won Huxley that year's James Tait [12] Black Memorial Prize for fiction. Huxley also incorporated Bird into the novel. During this period Huxley earned some Hollywood income as a writer. In March 1938, his friend Anita Loos, a novelist and screenwriter, put him in touch with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer who hired Huxley for Madame Curie which was originally to star Greta Garbo and be directed by George Cukor. (The film was eventually completed by MGM in 1943 with a different director and cast.) Huxley received screen credit for Pride and Prejudice (1940) and was paid for his work on a number of other films, including Jane Eyre (1944). His experience in Hollywood was not a success. When he wrote a synopsis of Alice in Wonderland, Walt [13] Disney rejected it on the grounds that "he could only understand every third word". Huxley's leisurely development of ideas, it seemed, was not suitable for the movie moguls, who demanded fast, dynamic dialogue above all else. For Dick Huemer, during the 1940s, Huxley went to the first of a five [14] meetings' session to elaborate the script of Alice in Wonderland but never came again. For author ohn Grant, although the movie's character the Caterpillar displays some characteristics familiar from Huxley's discussion of his experiments with hallucinogens, Huxley's contribution to the movie is [15] nonexistent. Huxley wrote an introduction to the posthumous publication of J.D. Unwin's 1940 book Hopousia or The [16] Sexual and economic Foundations of a New Society . On 21 October 1949, Huxley wrote to George Orwell, author of Nineteen Eighty-Four , congratulating him on "how fine and how profoundly important the book is". In his letter to Orwell, he predicted: Within the next generation I believe that the world's leaders will discover that infant conditioning and narco-hypnosis are more efficient, as instruments of government, than clubs and prisons, and that the lust for power can be just as completely satisfied by suggesting people into loving their servitude as by flogging them and kicking them into [17] obedience. Huxley had deeply felt apprehensions about the future the developed world might make for itself. From these he put forward some warnings in his writings and talks. In a 1958 televised interview conducted by journalist Mike Wallace, Huxley outlined several major concerns: the difficulties and dangers of world overpopulation; the tendency toward distinctly hierarchical social organization; the crucial importance of evaluating the use of technology in mass societies susceptible to wily persuasion; the tendency to [18] promote modern politicians, to a naive public, as well-marketed commodities.

Post World War II After the Second World War, Huxley applied for United States citizenship. His application was continuously deferred on the grounds that he would not say he would take up arms to defend the U.S. He claimed a philosophical, rather than a religious objection, and therefore was not exempt under the [19] McCarran Act. He withdrew his application. Nevertheless, he remained in the country; and in 1959 he turned down an offer of a Knight Bachelor by the Macmillan government. During the 1950s, Huxley's interest in the field of psychical research grew keener, and his later works are strongly influenced by both mysticism and his experiences with psychedelic drugs. In October 1930, the English occultist Aleister Crowley dined with Huxley in Berlin, and to this day [ ] rumours persist that Crowley introduced Huxley to peyote on that occasion. citation needed He was

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introduced to mescaline (the key active ingredient of peyote) by the psychiatrist Humphry Osmond in [20] 1953, taking for his first time during the evening of May 5. Through Dr. Osmond, Huxley met [21] millionaire Alfred Matthew Hubbard who would deal with LSD on a wholesale basis. On 24 December 1955, Huxley took his first dose of LSD. Indeed, Huxley was a pioneer of self-directed psychedelic drug use "in a search for enlightenment". According to a letter written by his wife Laura, Huxley requested [22] and received two intramuscular injections of 100 micrograms of LSD as he lay dying. His psychedelic drug experiences are described in the essays The Doors of Perception (the title deriving from some lines in the book The Marriage of Heaven and Hell by William Blake), and Heaven and Hell . Some of his [23] writings on psychedelics became frequent reading among early hippies. While living in Los Angeles, Huxley was a friend of Ray Bradbury. According to Sam Weller's biography of Bradbury, the latter was dissatisfied with Huxley, especially after Huxley encouraged Bradbury to take psychedelic drugs.

Association with Vedanta Beginning in 1939 and continuing until his death in 1963, Huxley had an extensive association with the Vedanta Society of Southern California, founded and headed by Swami Prabhavananda. Together with Gerald Heard, Christopher Isherwood, and other followers he was initiated by the Swami and was taught [3] meditation and spiritual practices. [24]

In 1944 Huxley wrote the introduction to the "Bhagavad Gita: The Song of God", translated by Swami Prabhavanada and Christopher Isherwood, which was published by The Vedanta Society of Southern California. From 1941 through 1960 Huxley contributed 48 articles to Vedanta and the West , published by the Society. He also served on the editorial board with Isherwood, Heard, and playwright John van Druten from 1951 through 1962. Huxley also occasionally lectured at the Hollywood and Santa Barbara Vedanta temples. Two of those lectures have been released on CD: Knowledge and Understanding and Who Are We from 1955. After the publication of The Doors of Perception , Huxley and the Swami disagreed about the meaning and importance of the LSD drug experience, which may have caused the relationship to cool, but Huxley continued to write articles for the Society's journal, lecture at the temple, and attend social functions.

Eyesight With respect to details about the true quality of Huxley's eyesight at specific points in his life, there are differing accounts. Around 1939, Huxley encountered the Bates Method for better eyesight, and a teacher, Margaret Corbett, who was able to teach him in the method. In 1940, Huxley relocated from 2 Hollywood to a 40-acre (160,000 m ) ranchito in the high desert hamlet of Llano, California, in northernmost Los Angeles County. Huxley then said that his sight improved dramatically with the Bates Method and the extreme and pure natural lighting of the southwestern American desert. He reported that for the first time in over 25 years, he was able to read without glasses and without strain. He even tried driving a car along the dirt road beside the ranch. He wrote a book about his successes with the Bates Method, The Art of Seeing , which was published in 1942 (US), 1943 (UK). It was from this period, with the publication of the generally disputed theories contained in the latter book, that a growing degree of popular controversy arose over the subject of Huxley’s eyesight. It was, and to a noticeable extent still is, widely held that, for most of his life, since the illness in his teens which left Huxley nearly blind, that his eyesight was exceedingly poor (despite the partial recovery which had enabled him to study at Oxford). For instance, some ten years after publication of The Art of Seeing , in 1952, Bennett Cerf was present when Huxley spoke at a Hollywood banquet, wearing no glasses and apparently reading his paper from the lectern without difficulty: "Then suddenly he faltered—and the disturbing truth became obvious. He wasn't reading his address at all. He had learned it by heart. To refresh his memory he brought the paper closer and closer to his eyes. When it

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was only an inch or so away he still couldn't read it, and had to fish for a magnifying glass in his pocket [25] to make the typing visible to him. It was an agonising moment." On the other hand, Huxley's second wife, Laura Archera Huxley, would later emphasise in her biographical account, This Timeless Moment : "One of the great achievements of his life: that of having regained his sight." After revealing a letter she wrote to the Los Angeles Times disclaiming the label of Huxley as a "poor fellow who can hardly see" by Walter C. Alvarez, she tempers this: "Although I feel it was an injustice to treat Aldous as though he were blind, it is true there were many indications of his impaired vision. For instance, although Aldous did not wear glasses, he would quite often use a [26] magnifying lens." Laura Huxley proceeds to elaborate a few nuances of inconsistency peculiar to Huxley's vision. Her account, in this respect, is discernibly congruent with the following sample of Huxley's own words from The Art of Seeing . "The most characteristic fact about the functioning of the total organism, or any part of the organism, is that it is not constant, but highly variable." Nevertheless, the topic of Huxley’s eyesight continues to endure similar, significant controversy, regardless of how [27] trivial a subject matter it might initially appear.

Personal life He married Maria Nys (10 September 1899 – 12 February 1955), a Belgian he met at Garsington, in 1919. They had one child, Matthew Huxley (19 April 1920 – 10 February 2005), who had a career as an [28] author, anthropologist, and prominent epidemiologist. In 1955, Maria died of breast cancer. In 1956 he married Laura Archera (1911–2007), also an author. She wrote This Timeless Moment , a biography of Huxley. Laura felt inspired to illuminate the story of their provocative marriage through [29] Mary Ann Braubach's 2010 documentary, "Huxley on Huxley". In 1960 Aldous Huxley was diagnosed with laryngeal cancer, and in the years that followed, with his [30] health deteriorating, he wrote the Utopian novel Island, and gave lectures on "Human Potentialities" at the Esalen Institute, which were fundamental to the forming of the Human Potential Movement. Despite his interest in spirituality and mysticism, Huxley called himself an agnostic.

[31]

The most substantial collection of Huxley's few remaining papers (following the destruction of most in a [32] fire) is at the Library of the University of California, Los Angeles. Some are also at the Stanford [33] University Library.

Death On his deathbed, unable to speak, Huxley made a written request to his wife Laura for "LSD, 100 µg, [34] intramuscular". According to her account of his death in This Timeless Moment , she obliged with an injection at 11:45 am and a second one a few hours later; Huxley died aged 69, at 5:20 pm on 22 November 1963. Media coverage of Huxley's passing was overshadowed by the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, on the same day, as was the death of the British author C. S. Lewis, who also died on 22 November. This coincidence was the inspiration for Peter Kreeft's book Between Heaven and Hell: A Dialog Somewhere Beyond Death with John F. Kennedy, C. S. Lewis, & Aldous Huxley . Huxley's ashes were interred in the family grave at the Watts Cemetery, home of the Watts Mortuary [35] Chapel in Compton, a village near Guildford, Surrey, England. On 26 July 2013 a commemorative bench was unveiled there, donated by the Aldous and Laura Huxley Literary Trust and the International Aldous Huxley Society. Huxley had been a long-time friend of famous Russian composer Igor Stravinsky who later dedicated his last orchestral composition to Huxley. Stravinsky began 'Variations' in Santa Fé, New Mexico in July 1963, and completed the composition in Hollywood, California on 28 October 1964. It was first performed in Chicago on 17 April 1965, by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra conducted by Robert Craft

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(Spies 1965, 62; White 1979, 534). The score is dedicated to the memory of Stravinsky's close friend Aldous Huxley, who died on 22 November 1963, when composition of the Variations was in progress (White 1979, 536–37). Although not composed for the purpose, Stravinsky's music was twice choreographed for the New York City Ballet by George Balanchine, a first version in 1966, and a second version in 1982, both times under the title "Variations" (Barnes 1966; Anderson 1982). Huxley's literary legacy continues to be represented by the literary agency headed by Georges Borchardt.

Awards 1939 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for After Many a Summer Dies the Swan. 1959 Aldous Huxley American Academy of Arts and Letters Award of Merit for Brave New World. 1962 the Companion of Literature by the Royal Society of Literature.

[36]

Film adaptations of Huxley's work 1968: Point Counter Point BBC mini-series by Simon Raven 1971: The Devils (Ken Russell) adapted Huxley's The Devils of Loudun 1980: US TV adaptation of Brave New World 1998: US TV adaptation of Brave New World

Selected works Novels Crome Yellow (1921) Antic Hay (1923) Those Barren Leaves (1925) Point Counter Point (1928) Brave New World (1932) Eyeless in Gaza (1936) After Many a Summer (1939) Time Must Have a Stop (1944) Ape and Essence (1948) The Doors of Perception (1954) The Genius and the Goddess (1955) Island (1962)

Short story collections Limbo (1920) Mortal Coils (1922) Little Mexican (U.S. title: Young Archimedes) (1924) Two or Three Graces (1926) Brief Candles (1930) Jacob's Hands: A Fable (discovered 1997) co-written with Christopher Isherwood

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Collected Short Stories (1944)

Poetry collections Oxford Poetry (magazine editor) (1916) The Burning Wheel (1916) Jonah (1917) The Defeat of Youth and Other Poems (1918) Leda (1920) Selected Poems (1925) Arabia Infelix and Other Poems (1929) The Cicadas and Other Poems (1931) Collected Poems (1971, posthumous)

Essay collections On the Margin (1923) Along the Road (1925) Essays New and Old (1926) Proper Studies (1927) Do What You Will (1929) Vulgarity in Literature (1930) Music at Night (1931) Texts and Pretexts (1932) The Olive Tree and other essays (1936) Ends and Means (1937) Words and their Meanings (1940) The Art of Seeing (1942) The Perennial Philosophy (1945) Science, Liberty and Peace (1946) Themes and Variations (1950) The Doors of Perception (1954) Heaven and Hell (1956) Adonis and the Alphabet (U.S. title: Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow ) (1956) Collected Essays (1958) Brave New World Revisited (1958) Literature and Science (1963) Moksha: Writings on Psychedelics and the Visionary Experience 1931–63 (1977) The Human Situation: Lectures at Santa Barbara, 1959 (1977)

Screenplays Brave New World Ape and Essence Pride and Prejudice (Collaboration. 1940) Madame Curie (Collaboration. 1943) Jane Eyre (Collaboration with John Houseman. 1944)

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A Woman's Vengeance 1947

Original screenplay for Disney's animated Alice in Wonderland 1951 (rejected)

[37]

Eyeless in Gaza BBC Mini-series (Collaboration with Robin Chapman. Aired 1971)

[38]

Travel books Along The Road: Notes and essays of a tourist (1925) Jesting Pilate: The Diary of a Journey (1926) Beyond the Mexique Bay: A Traveller's Journey (1934)

Children's fiction The Crows of Pearblossom (1967) The Travails and Tribulations of Geoffrey Peacock (1967)

Drama The Discovery (adapted from Francis Sheridan, 1924) The World of Light (1931) Mortal Coils – A Play. (Stage version of The Gioconda Smile , 1948) The Genius and the Goddess (stage version, co-written with Betty Wendel, 1958) The Ambassador of Captripedia (1967) Now More Than Ever (Huxley's lost play discovered in 2000 in the University of Münster,

Germany's Department of English Literature)

Articles written for Vedanta and the West Distractions (1941) Distractions II (1941) Action and Contemplation (1941) An Appreciation (1941) The Yellow Mustard (1941) Lines (1941) Some Reflections of the Lord's Prayer (1941) Reflections of the Lord's Prayer (1942) Reflections of the Lord's Prayer II (1942) Words and Reality (1942) Readings in Mysticism (1942) Man and Reality (1942) The Magical and the Spiritual (1942) Religion and Time (1943) Idolatry (1943) Religion and Temperament (1943) A Note on the Bhagavatam (1943) Seven Meditations (1943) On a Sentence From Shakespeare (1944) The Minimum Working Hypothesis (1944)

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From a Notebook (1944) The Philosophy of the Saints (1944) That Art Thou (1945) That Art Thou II (1945) The Nature of the Ground (1945) The Nature of the Ground II (1945) God In the World (1945) Origins and Consequences of Some Contemporary Thought-Patterns (1946) The Sixth Patriarch (1946) Some Reflections on Time (1946) Reflections on Progress (1947) Further Reflections on Progress (1947) William Law (1947) Notes on Zen (1947) Give Us This Day Our Daily Bread (1948) A Note on Gandhi (1948) Art and Religion (1949) Foreword to an Essay on the Indian Philosophy of Peace (1950) A Note on Enlightenment (1952) Substitutes for Liberation (1952) The Desert (1954) A Note on Patanjali (1954) Who Are We? (1955) Foreword to the Supreme Doctrine (1956) Knowledge and Understanding (1956) The "Inanimate" is Alive (1957) Symbol and Immediate Experience (1960)

Audio Recordings on CD Knowledge and Understanding (1955) Who Are We? (1955)

[39]

<

[40]

[40][41]

Other Pacifism and Philosophy (1936) An Encyclopedia of Pacifism (editor, 1937) Grey Eminence (1941) The Devils of Loudun (1953) The Politics of Ecology (1962) Selected Letters (2007)

See also List of peace activists

References 10 of 14

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1. ^ Thody, Philipe (1973). Huxley: A Biographical Introduction . Scribner. ISBN 978-0-289-70188-1. 2. ^ David K. Dunaway (1995). Aldous Huxley Recollected: An Oral History (http://books.google.com /?id=UFasAs0EHU8C&pg=PA90). Rowman Altamira. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-7619-9065-9. 3. ^ a

b

Roy 2003.

4. ^ Thody, Philipe (1973) 5. ^ Holmes, Charles Mason (1978) Aldous Huxley and the Way to Reality. Greenwood Press, 1978, p. 5 6. ^ Huxley, Aldous (1939). "biography and bibliography (appendix)". After Many A Summer Dies The Swan (1st Perennial Classic Ed.). Harper & Row, Publishers. p. 243.

7. ^ Julian Huxley 1965. Aldous Huxley 1894–1963: a Memorial Volume. Chatto & Windus, London. p. 22 8. ^ Crick, Bernard (1992). George Orwell: A Life. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-014563-2. 9. ^ Baggini, Julian (2009). Atheism (http://books.google.com/?id=DUal7eYmEnEC&pg=PA86). Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-4027-6882-8. 10. ^ The Huxleys, Ronald W. Clark, William Heinemann Ltd, London, 1968. 11. ^ "Aldous Huxley" (http://www.ppu.org.uk/people/huxley.html). Peace Pledge Union. Archived (http://web.archive.org/web/20110606072731/http://www.ppu.org.uk/people/huxley.html) from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2011-05-15. 12. ^ Haugrud Reiff, Raychel (2003) Aldous Huxley: Brave New World p.103. Marshall Cavendish, 2009 13. ^ Clark, Ronald William (1968). The Huxleys. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-434-13580-6. 14. ^ David Koenig, Mouse Under Glass, p.82 15. ^ John Grant, The Encyclopedia of Walt Disney's Animated Characters, p.233. 16. ^ J.D. Unwin, Hopousia OR The Sexual and Economic Foundations of a New Society (1940), Oscar Piest, NY 17. ^ Huxley, Aldous (1969). Grover Smith, ed. Letters of Aldous Huxley . London: Chatto & Windus. ISBN 978-0-7011-1312-4. 18. ^ "The Mike Wallace Interview: Aldous Huxley (1958-05-18)" (http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=1ePNGa0m3XA). YouTube. 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2013-03-08. 19. ^ J Derbyshire (2003). What Happened to Aldous Huxley? (http://www.charlestonvt.com/Holly /BCL/MCV%20Aldous%20Huxley/Originals/Derbyshire_WhatHappened.ORG.pdf). The New Criterion 20. ^ Martin, Douglas. Friday, 22 August 2008 "Humphry Osmond, 86, Wh o Sought Medicinal Value in Psychedelic Drugs, Dies". New York: New York Times 21. ^ Stevens, Jay (1998). Storming heaven: LSD and the American dream (http://books.google.com /?id=WWmAE3kiNzsC&pg=PA47). Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-3587-2. ISBN 0802135872. "All sorts of crazy things started happening..." 22. ^ "Letters of Note: The mos t beautiful death" (http: //www.lettersofnote.com/2010/03/most-beautifuldeath.html). 2010-03-25. 23. ^ Cain, Chelsea (2004). The Hippie Handbook: How to Tie-Dye a T-Shirt, Flash a Peace Sign, and Other Essential Skills for the Carefree Life. Chronicle Books. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-8118-4320-1.

24. ^ Isherwood, Christopher; Swami Prabhavananda; Aldous, Huxley (1987). Bhagavad Gita: The Song of God . Hollywood, Calif: Vedanta Press. ISBN 978-0-87481-043-1. 25. ^ From Bennet Cerf’s column in The Saturday Review, 12 April 1952, quoted in Gardner, Martin (1957). Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-20394-2.

26. ^ Huxley, Laura (1968). This Timeless Moment . New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. ISBN 978-0-89087-968-9. 27. ^ Rolfe, Lionel (1981) Literary L.A. p.50. Chronicle Books, 1981. University of California 28. ^ "Author, NIMH Epidemiologist Matthew Huxley Dies at 84". (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn /articles/A31009-2005Feb16.html) 17 February 2005 Washington Post

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29. ^ "Huxley on Huxley." (http://huxleyonhuxley.com/about/synopsis/). Dir. Mary Ann Braubach. Cinedigm, 2010. DVD. 30. ^ Peter Bowering Aldous Huxley: A Study of the Major Novels, p. 197, Oxford University Press, 1969 31. ^ Harold Bloom, ed. (2003). Aldous Huxley . Infobase Publishing. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-7910-7040-6. "As late as 1962 he wrote to Reid Gardner, “I remain an agnostic who aspires to be a gnostic” (Letters 935)." 32. ^ "Finding Aid for the Aldous and Laura Huxley papers, 1925-2007" (http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid /ark:/13030/kt1489q14s/). Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCL A. Retrieved 2012-10-04. 33. ^ "Guide to the Aldous Huxley Collection, 1922-1934" (http://findingaids.stanford.edu/xtf/view?docId=ead /mss/m0107.xml). Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives. Retrieved 2012-10-04. 34. ^ "Account of Huxley's death on Letters of Note" (http://www.lettersofnote.com/2010/03/most-beautifuldeath.html). Lettersofnote.com. 2010-03-25. Retrieved 2011-12-19. 35. ^ Aldous Huxley (http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8707127) at Find a Grave 36. ^ Chevalier, Tracy (1997). Encyclopedia of the Essay . Routldge. p. 416. ISBN 978-1-57958-342-2. 37. ^ Bradshaw, David (1993). "Introduction". Aldous Huxley's "Those Barren Leaves" (Vintage Classics Edn., 2005). Vintage, Random House, 20 Vauxhall Brigade Road, London. xii.

38. ^ "Eyeless in Gaza" (1971) (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0346956/combined) 39. ^ "listing in" (http:/ /www.allmusic.com/album/knowledge-and-understanding-r1791018). Allmusic.com. Retrieved 2013-03-08. 40. ^ a

b

"Note on lecturing in Santa Barbara" (http://www.pooler-georgia-homepage.com/aldous-huxley.html).

Pooler-georgia-homepage.com. Retrieved 2013-03-08. 41. ^ "listing in" (http://www.allmusic.com/album/who-are-we-r1790202). Allmusic.com. Retrieved 2013-03-08.

Sources Roy, Sumita (2003), Aldous Huxley And Indian Thought , Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd

Anderson, Jack 1982. "Ballet: Suzanne Farrell in 'Variations' Premiere". New York Times (4 July). Barnes Clive. 1966. "Ballet: Still Another Balanchine-Stravinsky Pearl; City Troupe Performs in Premiere Here 'Variations' for Huxley at State Theater". New York Times (1 April): 28. Spies, Claudio. 1965. "Notes on Stravinsky's Variations". Perspectives of New Music 4, no. 1 (FallWinter): 62–74. Reprinted in Perspectives on Schoenberg and Stravinsky , revised edition, edited by Benjamin Boretz and Edward T. Cone, [pages]. New York:W. W. Norton, 1972. White, Eric Walter. 1979. Stravinsky: The Composer and His Works , second edition. Berkeley and Los Angeles: The University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03985-8.

Further reading Atkins, John. Aldous Huxley: A Literary Study , J. Calder, 1956 Bedford, Sybille (2002). Aldous Huxley: A Biography . Ivan R Dee. ISBN 978-1-56663-454-0. David King Dunaway, PH.D. (1991). Huxley in Hollywood . Anchor. ISBN 978-0-385-41591-0. Firchow, Peter. Aldous Huxley: Satirist and Novelist , U of Minnesota P, 1972 Firchow, Peter. The End of Utopia: A Study of Aldous Huxley's Brave New World , Bucknell UP, 1984 Huxley, Aldous. The Human Situation: Aldous Huxley Lectures at Santa Barbara 1959 , Flamingo Modern Classic, 1994, ISBN 0-00-654732-7 Huxley, Laura Archera. This Timeless Moment , Celestial Arts, 2001, ISBN 0-89087-968-9

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Meckier, Jerome. Aldous Huxley: Modern Satirical Novelist of ideas , Firchow and Nugel editors, LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 2006, ISBN 3-8258-9668-3 Murray, Nicholas. Aldous Huxley , Macmillan, 2003, ISBN 0-312-30237-5 Rolo, Charles J. (ed.). The World of Aldous Huxley , Grosset Universal Library, 1947. Sexton, James (ed.). Aldous Huxley: Selected Letters , Ivan R. Dee, 2007, ISBN 1-56663-629-2 Sawyer, Dana. Aldous Huxley , Crossroad Publishing Co., 2002, ISBN 0-8245-1987-2 Watt, Conrad (ed.). Aldous Huxley , Routledge, 1997, ISBN 0-415-15915-9

External links "Huxley on Huxley." (http://huxleyonhuxley.com/about/synopsis/). Dir. Mary Ann Braubach. Cinedigm, 2010. DVD. Raymond Fraser, George Wickes (Spring 1960). "Interview: Aldous Huxley: The Art of Fiction No. 24" (http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/4698/the-art-of-fiction-no-24-aldous-huxley). The Paris Review. Portraits at the National Portrait Gallery (http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search /person.php?sText=huxley&submitSearchTerm%5Fx=0&submitSearchTerm%5Fy=0&search=ss& OConly=true&firstRun=true&LinkID=mp02343) BBC discussion programme In our time: "Brave New World". Huxley and the novel. 9 April 2009. (Audio, 45 mins) (http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00jn8bc) BBC In their own words series. 12 October 1958. (Video, 12 mins). (http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive /writers/12233.shtml) "The Ultimate Revolution" (talk at (http://dpg.lib.berkeley.edu/webdb/mrc/search_vod?avr=1& keyword=huxley) UC Berkeley, 20 March 1962) Huxley interviewed on The Mike Wallace interview 18 May 1958. (Video) (http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/multimedia/video/2008/wallace/huxley_aldous.html) Works by Aldous Huxley on Open Library at the Internet Archive Works by or about Aldous Huxley (http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80-57246) in libraries (WorldCat catalog) Works by Aldous Huxley (http://www.gutenberg.org/author/Aldous_Huxley) at Project Gutenberg Centre for Huxley Research (http://www.anglistik.uni-muenster.de/Huxley/huxley_research.html) Aldous Huxley Papers (http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz00253vz2) at UCLA Library Special Collections Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aldous_Huxley&oldid=576956277" Categories: 1894 births 1963 deaths 19th-century English people Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford Burials in Surrey Cancer deaths in California Consciousness researchers and theorists Deaths from laryngeal cancer Duke University faculty English agnostics English essayists English expatriates in the United States English humanists English novelists English pacifists English people of Cornish descent English poets English satirists English science fiction writers English short story writers English travel writers Huxley family James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients Mystics People associated with the Human Potential Movement People from Godalming People from Taos, New Mexico Psychedelic drug advocates Writers from Los Angeles, California 20th-century British novelists

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