FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
CENTRO DE ESTUDIO: SENATI: FÍSICA Y QUIMICA INTEGRANTES:
Magno Efraín Chura Moscairo Tintaya Tintaya Marcial C ALSNA COASCA COASCA PROFESOR: ROBEN N. CALSNA
T!RNO: TAR"E A#O: $%&' TRABA(OS: !N"A" &) !N"A" $) !N"" ') !N"A" *) !N"A" +) !N"A" ,-
Practica nº 1 1.- CONVERTI CO NVERTIR R DE KM. A M. a) 4km 4km. 100m = 4000m 1km b) b) km km. 100m = 000m 1km .-CONVERTIR DE M. A CM. a) !m !m. 100cm =!00cm 1m b) 0m 0m. 100cm =000cm 1m c) 10m 10m. 100cm = 1000m 1m ".- CONVERTIR DE P#$%ADA& A PIE& a) "0'(* "0'(*. 0+0!4m = 0+,m. 1'i =+! 'i/ 1'(* 0+"04m b) 40'(* 40'(*. 0+0!4m = 1+01m. 1'i ="+""'i/ 1'(* 0+"04m 4.- CONVERTIR DE P#$%ADA& A CM. CM . a) 40'(* 40'(*. +!4cm = 101+cm 1'(* ) "!'(* "!'(*. +!4cm = +2cm 1'(* !).- CONVERTIR DE 3ARDA& A PIE& 2013
1
FISICA Y QUIMICA a) "ar5a/ b) 10 ar5a/ ).-CONVRETIR6 a) +!m a cm
"ar5a/. "'i/ 1ar5a 10ar5a/. "'i/
b) 4+cm a m c) 1+!m a cm 5) 4cm a m ) "cm a m 7) 1cm a mm *) +4mm a m 8) "+km a cm i)
PT -08
mm a cm
= 2'i/ ="0'i/
+!m. 100cm =!0cm 1m 4+cm. 1m =0+04m 100cm 1+!m. 100cm =1!0cm 1m 4cm. 1m =0+4m 100cm "cm. 1m =0+"m 100m 1cm. 10mm =10mm 1cm +4mm.0+001m =0+004m 1mm "+km. 100000cm ="0000cm 1km mm. 1m =cm 10mm
,.- INDICAR A 9#E E9#IV E9#IVA$E A$E $A &I%#IENTE E:PRE&ION6
E= micro/centi x mili/pico = ! "# $ !"%/!"& $ !"& =!"'/!"( =!"')( E = micr; < mii Cnti < 'ic; =!* ).- &I $A VE$OCIDAD DE $A $# EN E$ VACIO VACIO E& DE "00 000 KM>& E:PRE&AR DIC?A VE$OCIDAD EN CM>&. "000+000km. 1000+000cm "0 000 000 000cm>/ 2).- CA$C#$AR6 P = +!@ "+,!B - 1! ,>"-------+!B "+,!B - 1!+, = 1+, 10.- RE&O$VER6 "km a m "km. 1000m ="000m 1km 10m a cm 10m. 100cm = 1000cm 1m !40'(* a cm !40'(*. +!4cm = 4!1+cm 1'(* 1ar5a a '(* 1ar5a ="'(* "04cm a 'i/ "04cm. 0+"04'i =22+ 2!0'i/ 1m 1!km a m 1!km. 1000m =1!000m 1km !m a mm !m. 1000mm = !000mm 1m !4'(* a mm !4'(*. + +!4cm = =4!+1cm. 10 10mm = 4 4!1+mm 1'(* 10cm ar5a/ a 'i ar5a/. "'i/ = 'i/ 1ar5a 2013
2
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
!0'i/ a '(* 1'i a mm
!0'i/. 1'(* =00'(* 1'i 0+"04m. 1000mm ="04+ mm 1m 0'i/ a '(* 0'i/. 1'(* =20'(* 1'i "0'(* a cm "0'(*. !4cm =,+ 1'(* 11.- DE AC#ERDO A $A I%#RA MO&TRADA E:PRE&AR $A& MEDIDA& EN P#$%. 0cm. 0+"2",'(* 1cm "0cm. 0+"2",'(*
= , ,'(*
!cm. 0+"2",'(*
=1+2!'(*
=11+1'(*
1.- CONVERTIR DE P#$%ADA& A PIE& a) !0'(* b) 0'(*
!0'(*. 1'i 1'(* 0'(*. 1'i 1'(*
=4+1'i/ =1+'i/
1".-- ?A$ 1". ?A$$AR $AR $A $ A MEDIDA MED IDA $ $F $-----------, $=,>10 =0+4",!'(* 1-----------1 14.- CONVERTIR DE 3ARDA& A PIE& a) ar5a/ ar5a/. "'i/ =4'i/ 1ar5a c) !ar5a/ !ar5a/. "'i/ =1!'i/ 1ar5a 1!.- CONVERTIR6 a) 100m a cm 100m. 100cm =100 00cm b) 4+ 4+!cm a m 4+!cm. 1m =0+04!m 100m c) +!m a cm +!m. 100cm =!0cm 1m 5) !0cm a m !0cm.1m =0+!m 100cm ) 0 0cm a m 0cm. 1m =0+m 100cm 7) 0cm a mm 0cm. 10mm =00m 1cm *) ++4mm a m +4mm. 1m =0+004 100mm 8) "+km a cm "+km. 100 000cm ="0 000cm 1km i) mm a cm mm. 1cm =+cm 10mm 1.- ?A$$AR $A &I%#IENTE MEDIDA A C6
2013
3
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
1,.- $A A$T#RA A$T#RA DE #N TORNI$$O DE ANCO RE&PECTO A $A &#PERICIE E& DE 0cm E:PRE&AR DIC?A MEDIDA EN PIE&6 0cm a 'i/ 0cm. 1m =0+m. 1'i =+'i/ 100cm 0+"04m 1.- ?A$$AR $A MEDIDA EN E$ %RAICO6 A C D6 4 4 4 ! = 1, = 1+0!'(*a5a/ 1 12.- CONVERTIR6 a) "0'(* a m b) !'i/ a '(* c) !'(* a cm
1
1
1
"0'(*. 0+0!4m 1'(* !'i/. 1'(* 1'i !'(*. +!4cm 1'(*
1
=0+,m ="00'(* =1+,cm
&! +e,-rroll-r l-, ,i.iente, -plic-cione, -plic-cione, en en el ,i,tem- in.le,
x&/ (x&)*/0)x(/&x( =&/0)*/0)(/0 =/0 x&/0x&)*x&/0x&)&/# =&/#)!/#)&/# =&(/# x&/0x&)&(/# =(#/#
2013
=&&/#)&(/#
4
FISICA Y QUIMICA
$ 1/02 0$ 42
PT -08
&$ */02
%$ 32
($ 1/02
*$ 32
'$ */02
!$ % 52
$%/# &$%/(2 2
#$ '/#2
1$ %/02
%$ '/#2
($1/%& 2
& +e,-rroll-r l,i.iente -plic-ci6n en el ,i,tem- m7trico +ecim-l
*$ %%mm
&&
2013
#$ *&mm
1$ &'mm
0$ %!mm
'$ %!mm
&!$ (!mm
8-ll-r l- me+i+- +e 9 92 2
5
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
1/#2
PRACTICA Nº A DE&ARRO$$AR 1.-DEINIR E$ CONCEPTO DE $A MATERIA 3 C#ERPO MATERIA$" / t;5; aG(; G( ;c('a (n (*ar n /'aci; C#ERPO$" / a 'art H/ica matria 5 (n /r .- E&CRIIR ! EEMP$O& DE MATERIA 3 C#ERPO RE&PECTIVAMENTE6 MATERIA6 C#ERPO6 -5iamant - 8;mbr -8irr; -*at; -(na 'ata -'rr; -/a -'aJar; -8(/; -caba; ".- $O& &I%#IENTE& CONCEPTO& A%R#PAR EN MATERIA O C#ERPO 6 MATERIA6 C#ERPO -a*(a -'ina -air -tia -*a/;ina -';m; -m/a -(nG( -T;rni; 5 banc; -t;rn; &;n aG(a/ 'r;'i5a5/ G( /;n c;m(n/ a t;5;/ ;/ c(r';/ . -
6
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
2.- C#A$E& &ON $O& E&TADO& #NDEMENTA$E& DE $A MATERIA 3 POR 9#E &E CARACTERIAN CADA #NO DE E$$O&6 -&O$IDO -$I9#IDO -%A&EO&O 10.-MENCIONAR " EEMP$O& DE$ E&TADO &O$ID+ $I9#IDO 3 %A&EO&O RE&PECTIVAMENTE6 -/;i5;-------------------------------- 'i5ra+ marti;+ 8i; -iG(i5;-------------------------------a*(a+ acit+ *a/;ina -*a/;/;------------------------------8i5ri*n;+ ;el>e - , e,t-+o/
ori.in-l
?e@emplo pl-,tilin-
E$A&TICO.- / aG( G( '(5 /r 57;rma5; ';r G( /im'r ( a /( /ta5;>7;rma ;ri*ina+ LJm'; *;ma+ m() 14.- E:P$ICAR $A DIERENCIA ENTRE RI%IDE+ TENACIDAD 3 D#REA DE #N MATERIA$6 -RI%IDE.- / rHr a a r;t(ra ; 7ract(ra / 5i/tin*(n r/i/tncia a a tracci;n a a C;m'r/i;n+ a a
7
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
-'anc8a/ 5 Hrr; - 7rr; carri TRE& CARACTIRI&TICA& DE $O& E&TADO& I&ICO& DE $A MATERIA6 -&O$IDO.- 12.- MENCIONE ;/ at;m;/ /tan ntraa5;/ 7;rman5; /tr(ct(ra/ /in ';/ib 57;rmaci;n/ a'arnt/. -%A&EO&O.- /;n at;m;/ 5/'arrama5;/ ibr/ c;n a ca'aci5a5 5 ir 8acia t;5;/ $a5;/+ a5a'tab/ a c(aG(ir rci'intc;ntn5;r -$I9#IDO.- ;/ at;m;/ /tan 5bimnt (ni5;/+ (n / a5a'tan a a 7;rma 5 &( rci'int 0.- MENCIONE &EI& EEMP$O& DE $O& CAMIO& DE E&TADO& I&ICO& DE $A MATERIA 1- a*(a / c;n*a cambia 5 iG(i5; a /;i5; - mta 7(n5 / n7ria cambia a /;i5; mta "- a aa 5 ;can / iG(i5a+ / ( 'i5ra 4- cmnt; 5 iG(i5; 'a/a a /r /;i5; !- /; G( /ria ma/ ; mn;/ cmnt; - /iic;n G( 5 iG(i5; / 8ac /;i5; 1.- MENCIONE DO& EEMP$O& DE PORO&IDAD6 - (n c;rc8; - (na 'i5ra ';m< .- MENCIONE DO& EEMP$O& DE INERCIA -/i (n a(t;m;i 7rna r'ntinamnt+ (n 'a/aJr; G( n; (/ /( cint(r;n 5 /*(ri5a5 /a5ra 5i/'ara5; 8acia a5ant - a*(a tin ma/ inrcia trmica G( ;/ iG(i5;/ r7ri*rant/+ a G( / ma/ 5iHci Para a*(a *anar ; 'r5r ca;r ".- 9#E DIERENCIA E:I&TE ENTRE MA&A 3 C#ERPO+ DE DO& EEMP$O& DE CADA #NO DE E$$O& -MA&A.- / (na m5i5a 5 a canti5a5 5 matria G( ';/ (n c(r'; -C#ERPO.- e, l- porcion limit-+- +e m-teri-
" n en.r-n-@e
" n -lic-te
4.- MENCIONE DO& EEMP$O& DE VI&CO&IDAD6 - (bricant/ Lacit/) - *ra/a/ !.- MENCIONE DO& EEMP$O& DE TEN&ION &#PERICIA$ -(n ac(ari; - 'a/tic; .- 9#E DIERENCIA ?A3 ENTRE E$A&TICIDAD 3 P$A&TICIDAD6 - / a 'r;'i5a5 5 (n matria G( n; G(5a 57;rma5; 5/'(/ 5 8abr act(a5; &;br + (na 7(ra a /; / ama a/tici5a5 -'r;'i5a5 5 (n matria G( G(5a 57;rma5; 5/'(/ 5 8abr act(a5; /;br #na 7(ra+ a /; / ama 'i/tici5a5 ,.- 9#E DIERENCIA ?A3 ENTRE TENACIDAD 3 RA%I$IDAD - / a 'r;'i5a5 inr/a 5 a 7ra*ii5a5+ ;/ matria/ tnac/ 'r/ntan C;nci5rab 57;rmaci;n/ '/tica/ baJ; a acci;n 5 (na 7(ra ant/ 5 *ar 2013
8
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
a r;m'r/. .- 9#E DIERENCIA E:I&TE ENTRE P#NTO DE EO$#CION 3 P#NTO DE #&ION6 #&ION6 / a tm'rat(ra G( (n /;i5; tin G( acanar 'ara 'a/ar a iG(i5; - 8i; - a(mini; EO$#CION6 / a tm'rat(ra G( (n iG(i5; tin G( acanar 'ara 'a/ar a E/ta5; *a/;/;. - a*(a 2.- 9#E DIERENCIA ?A3 ENTRE CAPACIDAD CA$ORIICA 3 CA$OR E&PECIICO6 CAPACIDAD CA$ORIICA$"/ a canti5a5 5 ca;r nc/aria 'ara ar a tm'rat(ra 5 (n matria n (n *ra5; c/i(/ CA$OR E&PECIICO.- / a canti5a5 5 ca;r nc/aria 'ara ar 1ºc a tm'rat(ra 5 (n *ram; 5 5trmina5a /(/tancia. "0.- MENCIONE CINCO EEMP$O& DE PROPIEDADE& 9#IMICA& DE $O& MATERIA$E&6 - r/i/tncia a a c;rr;ci;n -r/i/tncia a 5/ca/caria5; - r/i/tncia a ;/ aci5;/ - r/i/tncia a a/ ba// "1.- MENCIONE ! EEMP$O& DE PROPIEDADE& TECNO$O%ICA&6 -CO$AI$IDAD$"matria mtaic; 5 /r 7(n5i5; aar/ 7;rma in*;t/ -MA$EAI$IDAD.- / c;nirt n 'anc8a/ ; amina/ -&O$AI$IDAD$" / matria G( / '(5 (nir c;n ;tr; -MA9#INAI$IDAD$" '(5 /r mcania5; ';r arranG(/ 5 ir(ta/ EEMP$O& DE MATERIA& NAT#RA$E&6 - ma5ra".- MENCIONE CINCO - ;/ c(r;/ - ca(c8; - a ana - arna "".- MENCIONE CINCO EEMP$O& DE MATERIA$E& ARTIICIA$E& - m(b/ - i5ri; - cmnt; - a(t;/ - 'tr; "4.- EN 9#E CON&I&TE $A CRI&TA$IACION DE $O& META$E& - ;/ mta/ / 5i7rncian c;n/i5rabmnt 5 ;/ 5ma/ matria/ ';r /( /tr(ct(ra cri/taina 'r;'i5a5/ -(na 5 a/ caractri/tica/ 5 ;/ mta/ / a 5i/trib(ciQn 5 /(/ at;m;/ n (na /tr(ct(ra tri5imnci;na -a /tr(ct(ra cri/taina 5 ;/ mta/ / tambin a ca(/a 5 /( bri; caractrS/tic;
PRACTICA N 3 º
1.- C#A$ E& $A CON&T#TICION DE $A MATERIA O &#& DIVI&ION DE $A MATERIA
2013
9
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
$a matria / c;n/i5ra c;n/tit(i5a ';r 'G(a/ ';rci;n/ ama5a/ 'artic(a/. E/ta/ / 8aan 7;rma5a/ ';r 'art/ ma/ G(an/ ama5a/ m;c(a/+ a /( / ntan c;n/tit(i5a/ ';r 'art/ ma/ 'G(a/ a(n+ ama5a/ at;m;/+ ; G( c;/tit(n a (ni5a5 5 a matria. -9#E DIERENCIA ?A3 ENTRE #NA MP$EC#$A 3 #N ATOMO MO$EC#$A.- E/ a (ni;n 5 at;m;/ ATOMO.- C;/a m( 'G(a ".- DI#AR E$ E&9#EMA DE #N ATOMO E INDICAR &#& E$EMENTO&
;na E
nc;
Ectr;/7ra 9#E DIERENCIA E:I&TE ENTRE E$EMENTO 9#IMICO 3 COMP#E&TO 3 9#IMICO E$E 4.- MENTO 9#IMICO.- /ta c;n/tit(i5a ';r at;m;/ / a m+i/ma ca/+ ';/n (n n(mr; 5 5trmina5; 5 'r;t;n/ n /( n(c; ca/iHca5a c;n n(mr; at;mic; Jm';6 ;;n; ;
10
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
?i5r;*n; = ? a(7r =& .- A 9#E &E $$AMAN %A&E& INERTE& 3 C#A$E& &ON &;n *a// m(rt;/6 8i;+ n;n+ ar*;n. 2.- 9#E &ON ENOMENO& 3 COMO &E C$A&IICAN n;mn; / t;5; cambi;+ tran/7;rmaciQn ; 'rc/; G( / 5a n a nat(raa. & ca/iHcan6 ENOMENO I&ICO.- cambi; H/ic; G( ;c(rr n (na /(/tancia A ----- A - &;n Jm';/ 5 /ta5; H/ic; c;m; 7(/i;n+ a';raci;n+ /ibimaci;n ntr ;tr;/. ENOMENO 9#IMICO.- / t;5; cambi; G( ;c(rr n (na /(/tancia+ L/ 'r;5(c (na racci;n G(imica) / '(5 r'r/ntar a/i6 - n;mn; G(imic;6 A C D E racci;n G(imica EJm';6 O
11
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
#na /;(ci;n / (na mca 8;m;*na 5 5;/ ; ma/ /(/tancia/ + n; 5 /ta/ /(/tancia/ / ama &O$VENTE ';r ; r*(ar / c;m';nnt G( /ta 'r/nt n ma;r canti5a5. $;/ 5ma/ /(/tancia/ 5 a /;(ci;n / 5n;minan &O$#TO& / 5icn G( /tan 5i/(ta/ n /;nt. E&TADO DE E&TADO& E&TADO EEMP$O $A DE$ DE$ &O$#CION DI&O$VENTE &O$#TO %A& %A& %A& AIRE $I9#IDO $I9#IDO %A& O:I%ENO EN A%#A $I9#IDO $I9#IDO $I9#IDO A$CO?O$ EN A%#A $I9#IDO $I9#IDO &O$IDO &A$ EN A%#A &O$IDO &O$IDO %A& ?IDRO%ENO EN &O$IDO &O$IDO $I9#IDO PA$ADIO MERC#RIO EN P$TA
1.- C#A$E& &ON $A& A$EACIONE& MA& COM#NE&6 acr; ma*a a'aca br;nc ma*nam nicr;m nitin; 1,.- 9#E DIERENCIA E:I&TE ENTRE MEC$A 3 COMINACION+ MENCIONE TRE& EENP$O&6 MEC$A.- EJm. A*(a ac;8;+ a*(a /a+ a*(a a(car COMINACION.- EJm. 1.- 9#E DIERENCIA ?A3 ENTRE MEC$A ?OMO%ENA 3 MEC$A ?ETERO%ENEA6 ?OMO%ENEA.- /;n aG(a/ G( a /im' i/ta n; / 5i7rnciar a /'araci;n D ;/ c;m';nnt/. ?ETERO%ENEA.- /;n aG(a/ G( 5i7rncian a /'araci;n 5 /(/ C;m';nnt/. 12.- MENCIONE ! EEMP$O& DE ME&C$A ?OMO%ENEA6 a*(a a(cara5a ac;8; aca a*(a /a a*(a ac;8; 0.- MENCIONE ! EEMP$O& DE $A MEC$A ?ETERO%ENEA6 a*(a acit c;m(n a*(a aca arna cmnt; 1.- COMO &E DIINE E$ TERMINO COMINACION6 2013
12
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
&;n cambi;/ G( ;c(rrn n a/ /(/tancia/ G( a7cta /( nat(raa intrna n; / '(5 /'arar a/ /(/tancia/. .- MENCIONE TRE& DIERENCIA& ENTRE MEC$A 3 COMINACION MEC$A6 1.- n; / a7cta a /tr(ct(ra m;c(ar 5 ;/ c;m';nnt/ .- a/ /(/tancia/ mantinn /(/ 'r;'i5a5/ ".-n; r/(ta (na n(a /(/tancia 4.- n; / 'r;5(c racci;n G(imica COMINACION6 1.- a7cta a /tr(ct(ra m;c(ar 5 ;/ c;m';mnt/ .- a/ /(/tancia/ 'ir5n /(/ 'r;'i5a5/ ".- 5a c;m; /'arar ;/ c;m';nnt/ ';r m5i;/ H/ic;/. 4.- / 'r;5(c racci;n G(inica ".- MENCIONE TRE& EEMP$O& DE &O$#CIONE& &O$IDA& -/';nJa/ - br;nc - mantG(ia - ';m;n 'a/tic;/ 4.-MENCIONE TRE& EEMP$O& DE &O$#CION $I9#IDA&6 - mrc(ri; n ;r; - a*(a 'tr;; -mrc(ri; n 'ata - ina*r !.- MENCIONE TRE& EEMP$O& DE &O$#CIONE& %A&EO&A&6 - /(/tancia/ *aciHca5a/ - ;
13
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
I&ICO.- / cambi; H/ic; G( ;c(rr n (na /(/tancia+ cambi;/ 5 /ta5; i/ic; c;m; 7(/i;n+ a';riaci;n+ /(bimaci;n 9#IMICO.- / cambi; G( ;c(rr n (na /(/tancia 5 ta manra G( A7ctan a /tr(ct(ra intrna 5 a/ /(/tancia/ 5;n5 a'arcn N(a/ /(/tancia/ c;n 'r;'i5a5/ 5i7rnt/ a a/ /(/tancia/ Inicia/. "".- P$ANTEAR TRE& EEMP$O& DE ENOMENO& I&ICO&6 - H/i;n+ a';riaci;n+ /ibimaci;n "4.- P$ANTEAR TRE& EEMP$O& 9#IMICO&6 - ;
Practica NU4 1 CQm; / 5Hn m;imint; rctiSn; (ni7;rmW E/ c( ;/ mQi/ 5/cribn c;m; tract;ria (na Sna rcta / 5/'aa rc;rrin5; 5i/tancia/ i*(a/ n tim';/ i*(a/. CQm; / 5Hn a ;ci5a5W E/ (na ma*nit(5 ct;ria c(; mQ5(; in5ica c(a / /'aci; rc;rri5; ';r (n mQi n ca5a (ni5a5 5 tim';. " c;m; / 5Hn m;imint; rctiSn; (ni7;rm aria5;W E aG( m;imint; n c(a a tract;ria / (na Sna rcta+ aria5; 'r;*r/iamnt ant a;r 5 a ;ci5a5+ a /an a(mntan5; ; 5i/min(n5;. 4 9( / a acraciQn W ! c(an5; (n m;imint; / circ(arW E/ aG( m;imint; / c(a a tract;ria / (na circ(n7rncia. a G( / 5n;mina ;ci5a5 Sna ;ci5a5 an*(ar+ /tabcr /( 7;rm(a (ni5a5/W V;ci5a5 ina L) .- Dn;mina5a ;ci5a5 tan*ncia. E<'r/a a ra'i5 5 (n mQi n rc;rrr (na ';rciQn 5 circ(n7rncia.
2013
14
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
V;ci5a5 an*(ar LX).- <'r/a a ra'i5 c;n a c(a (n mQi barr (n an*i(; cntra.
,.- (n mQi c;n ;ci5a5 c;n/tant 5 "0km>8 'a/a ';r (n '(nt; AF a a/ 10am c(a / a 5i/tancia ntr A /i ';r F 'a/a a a/ 4'mW =W
=.t
=
= "0km
t=
= 10km >
m h . 8
.- (na r(5a 5 !0cm 5 5imtr; 5/crib (n arc; 5 ,+!cm n (n /*(n5; . C( / /( 7rc(ncia n RPMW ;rm(a 2013
/;(ciQn 15
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
V = π.R.F
,+!cm = L"+14) L!0cm) ,+!cm>/ = + L!0cm) ,+!0m>/ = "14cm ,+!! Y "14 = "!+!/ =
2.- C( / a ;ci5a5 ;n*it(5ina 5 a m/a n a 7r/a 5;ra /i (na 'ia 5 400mm 5 ;n*it(5 / rc;rri5a ';r a 7r/a n ! minW e
V=W
=
t
400 mm
= 400mm
=
t = ! min
= 0mm>min
5 min
10 .- D;/ mQi/ / nc(ntran /'ara5;/ (na 5i/tancia 5 00m. n (n cirt; in/tant 'artn (n; 8acia ;tr; c;n ;ci5a5/ 5 40m>/ 0m>/. 8aar tim'; G( 5m;ran n nc;ntrar/ te=
e Va + VB
=
600 m 40 m / s + 20 m / s
¿
60 0 m 6 0 m/ s
¿ 10 s
11.- ?aar a ;ci5a5 Hna 5 (n mQi+ /i /t 'art c;n (na ;ci5a5 inicia 5 !0 m>/Z a cab; 5 4 /Z /i tin (na acraciQn 5 1m> s V = W
.
V = V; a t
V; = !0m>/ T = 4/ A = 1m> s
2
2
V = !0m>/ 1m> s . L4/) V = !0m>/ 4m>/
2
V = !4m>/
1.- #na 8ic 5 ! 'ata/ *ira 5 "0 RPMZ /i a ;n*it(5 5 ca5a 'ata / 0+!m. ?aa a ;ci5a5 tan*ncia n ;/
=W
= V;t
a t 2
V; = 1!m>/ T = / a = 4m>/
2
= 1!m>/ L/) 4m>/ L/ ¿ = "0m>/ m>/ = "0m m
2013
16
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
= "m> 1".- 9( /'aci; rc;rr (n m;i G( 'art c;n (na ;ci5a5 5 1!m>/ 5(rant / tin (na acraciQn 5 4m> s
2
W 2
V; = 1!m>/
a t
= V; t
2 2
T = /
a = 4m> s
= 1!m>/. /
2
= 1!m>/ . /
4 m/s . 2 s
2
2 16 m/ s . s 2
= "0m m = "m> 14.- (n 8Sc(; rc;rr 0m tnin5; (na ;ci5a5 inicia 5 10m>/ (na ;ci5a5 Hna 0m>/ cac(a tim'; m'a5; W
= 0m
V 1
¿ +¿ V 2
2
¿
t
e =¿ 10 m
V; = 10m>/
60 m=
s
2a
60 m
V = 0m>/
+ 2 . t
15 m / s
=t
T= 4/>
1!.- cac(a a acraciQn G( a5G(ir (n mQi G( rc;rr 10m+ tnin5; (na ;ci5a5 inicia 5 m>/ (na ;ci5a5 Hna 5 m>/ 2
a=W
V = V o
= 10m
m> s = m> s
V; = m>/
"m>/ = 4m>/ 0m a
V = m>/
a
2
32 m / s 20 m
2
a L10m)
= a
1+/ = a ; 1+m>/ -[a
1.- #na R(5a ;*ra 5ar ! (ta/ n 0!+ /i *ir; / (ni7;rm 8aa a ;ci5a5 an*(ar 5 a r(5a 2013
17
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
5
=
X = π ra5.
20
1
\ = L+14)ra5
4
1
=
1
X = +ra5
4
4
\ = 1+!,ra5>/ 1,.- 9( ;ci5a5 an*(ar tin (na t(rbina 't;n c(an5; *ira c;n (na 7rc(ncia 5 "00 RPMW \ = π ra5. \ = L"+14)ra5."00 RPM 1 vuelta
\ = +ra5."00
min
\ = 14
rad min
\ = 14
rad min <
1 min 60 s
= X = "1.4ra5>min
1.- a /ia 5 carr(/ tin (na ;ci5a5 an*(ar 5 ra5>/ (na ;ci5a5 ina 5 m>/ 8a /( ra5i; 5 *ir;. VX = ra5>/ V$ = m>/ Ra5i; = W
V=\.R m>/ = ra5>/ . Ra5i; 8 m/s
2 rad / s = R
4m>ra5 = R 12.- (n r;5i; traba a º RPM .9( an*(; barr /t r;5i; n !/W = 0 RPM T = !/*
2013
X = π ra5 . X = L"+141)ra5.0m
c;nrtir a an*(; X=
θ t
\ = + ra5.0m
θ 20 ra5>/*. 5 seg
\ = 4144 ra5>min
! < 20 ra5 = θ 18
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
1 min . \ = 4+144 ra5>min 60 s
θ t
X=
"4+!40 =
θ
\ = 20 ra5>/ 0.- /i (n mQi ';/ (na ;ci5a5 ina 5 4 m>/ nc;ntrar a ;ci5a5 an*(ar+ /in5; ra5i; 10m. Dat;/
;rm(a/
V = 4m>/
V=\.R
n = 10m
4m>/ = X . 10 m 4 m/s
R=W
10 m
=X
0+4 /* = \ 1.- (n a(t; ';/ (na ;ci5a5 5 40m>/. 9( /'aci; rc;rrr n 8W V = 40m>/ T = 8
=.t = 40m>/ . 8 = 40m>/ . ,00/ = 0m
.- 8aa a ;ci5a5 c;n a c(a 'art (n mQi /i (*; 5 10/ acana (na 5 "0m>/ a5G(irin5; (na acraciQn c;n/tant 5 m> s V; =
2
V = V; at 2
"0m>/ = 10 m> s .10/
T = 10/ V = "0m>/
"0m>/ = V; 0m>/
a = m>/
10m>/ = V; > 2
".- (n mQi 'art 5 r';/; a5G(ir (na acraciQn 5 m> s + 8aa a 5i/tancia rc;rri5a 5(rant "/. V; = 0 2
a = m> s
2
= V;T
a t 2
2
= "/
=W
2013
="/ m>/ 2 " s
= /
6 m/ s . 9 s
2
2
2
19
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
= 1m> s
2
. 2
s
2
= !4m 4.- (n mQi 'art c;n (na ;ci5a5 5 10m> s rc;rr 100m n !/+ 8aa /( ;ci5a5 (*; 5 rc;rrr 5ic8a 5i/tancia. V; = 10m>/
(
=
VF + Vo 2
)
t
VF ∓ 10 m / s
= 100m
¿ ¿
100m =
. L!/)
2
T = !/
00m = V !0m
V = W
1!0m = V
!.- (n mQi iaJa c;n (na ;ci5a5 5 1km>8 / 7rna5; a raQn 5 !m> s
2
9(
5i/tancia rc;rr 8a/ta 5trnr/W Dat;/ 6
7;rm(a
km V; = 10 h
a = !m> s
2
=W 5 m/ s²
2
= V; t
a t 2
= 10km>8 -
5 m/ s 2
= 10km>8 ] 18>"00/ ] 1000m>1km Y
2 108000 m
=
3600 s
-
= "0m>/ Y +!m>/^
5 m/ s² 2
= ,+! m
2
.-(n mQi 5/acra a raQn 5 10m> s + 8aa /( ;ci5a5 inicia /i a cab; 5 / rc;rri; 100m. 2013
20
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
Dat;/6
;rm(a
V=W
= V;t - at^
a = 10 m>
100m =
V; / -
10 m / s ² . ( 2 s ) ² 2 10 m / s ² 4 s ² ₓ
t = /
100m = / V; -
=100 m
2 40 m
100m = / V; -
2
100m = / V; Y 0 m 10m = / V; 120 m 2s
= V;
0 m>/ = V;
,6 (n camiQn 'art 5 r';/; 5(rant !/. acra a raQn 5 4m>/^ (*; 5/acra 5(rant /. 8a/ta 5tnr/ . 8aar a 5i/tancia t;ta rc;rri5a ';r cami;n . Vο + a t ² Vο + a t ² V_ = 0 ¿ = 2 2 t` = !/ a = 4m>/^
( 5) ²
=0 4 2 = 4
= 0 4
( 25 )
= 4
2
(8 ) ² 2
( 64 ) ² 2
256
V7 = W
=!0 m>/
=
2
=1
6 (n trn 5 10 m 5 ;n*it(5 / 5/'aa c;n (na ;ci5a5 c;n/tant VF+ tar5an5; / + n cr(ar t;tamnt (n tn . /i a ;n*it(5 5 tn / tri'icara /( ;ci5a5 / r5(c aa mita5 tar5ara 1 / . 8aar VF .
2013
21
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
26 (n atta tnia n (n in/tant 5a5; (na ra'i5 5 4m>/ . &i a'artir 5 / in/tant 5(rant / a5G(iri; MR#V c;n (na acraciQn 5 "m>^ . V_ = 4m>/ V7 = V_ at t = / V7 = 4m>/ = "m>/^ L/) a = "m>/^ V7 = 4m>/ m>/^ L/) m m + (2 ) 3 V7 = W V7 = 4 s s V7 = 4m>/ m>/ V7 = 10m>/
"06 (n m;i n (n in/tant 5a5; a5G(iri; (n MR#V c;n (na acraciQn 5 !m>/^ . A cab; 5 5 / acan; (na ra'i5 5 40m>/ . cac(ar /( ra'i5 inicia n / in/tant 5a5;. a !m>/^ V7 = V_ at V7 = 40m>/ 40m>/ = V_ !m>/^ L) T = / 40m>/ = V_ "0m>/ 40 m / s V_ = W 30 m / s = V_ 1+" m>/ = V_
"16 a ;ci5a5 tan*ncia 5 (n c(r'; G( 5/crib (na circ(n7rncia 5 mtr;/ 5 ra5i; / 5 10m>/ . Cac(ar a;r 5 /( ;ci5a5 an*(ar 5 /( 'ri;5; . 2 ⫪ R 2 ⫪ R r = m = X = t t V_ = 10 m>/ VX = W T=W
10m>/ =
2 ( 3,1416 ) 2 m
t
10m>/ t =" m t=
12,5664 m 10 m/ s
=
X= X=
2 ( 3,1416 ) rad 1,256 s 6,2832 rad 1,256 s
X = !+00!4,, ra5>/
t = 1+! /
"6 G( 5i/tancia rc;rr n 4 8;ra/ (n '(nt; 5 b;r5 5 (na r(5a c(; ra5i; / 5 cm marc8a a raQn 5 r'm.
T = 4 8 1min>100cm 2013
= ⫪r.7
= +,00 cm>/
22
FISICA Y QUIMICA R = cm = r'm E=W
PT -08
= L".141)cm. r'm = + " Lcm). 18>m =40+14 cm>min 1min>0 /
= 00, m>/
""6 (n 5i/c; *ira a raQn 5 !00 r'm . Dtrminar 'ri;5; 5 m;imint; n /*(n5;/ a ;ci5a5 an*(ar . = !00 r'm
X = ⫪ra5.7
2 ⫪ rad
X=
t rad
T=W
X = L".141)ra5.!00r'm
1+
s
=
2 ( 3.1416 ) rad t
\=W
X = +"ra5.!00r'm
t=
6,2832 rad 261, 8 rad
X = +"ra5.!00.1(ta>min t = 0+04 / X = 1!,0 ra5>min 1!,0ra5>min 1min>0/ X = 1+ ra5>/ "46 n in/tant m;/tra5; + m;t;cici/ta inicia /( m;imint; n (na ia 'araa aa 5 a(t; G( iaJa c;n ;ci5a5 c;n/tant 5 m>/^ 8acia a 5rc8a + n c(ant;/ /*(n5;/ acanara a a(t; c;n G( ra'i5 W.
Va = W
t=
Vb = 10 m>/ = 4 m a = m>/^ t=W t=
e V
e
m>/^ =
Va −Vb
t m>/^ =
24 m 1,2 m / s −10 m / s
t = Lm>/^) 1+ t = m>/^ L1+ m>/) = 4 /
V7 = 10m>/ m>/^ L+4/)
24 m
Va −10 m / s
Va = m>/^ = +4/>m/^ Va = 1+
m>/
t = +4/
=
24 22,4 s 24 m
t=
10 m
s
t = +4 /*
2013
V7 = 10m>/ 4+ m>/
r'ta t = 1+0, m>/
V7 = 14+ m>/
23
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
"!6 (na 'artic(ar rc;rr (na circ(n7rncia 5 m 5 ra5i; c;n M.C.#. raian5; 40 (ta/ ';r min(t; . Enc(ntra a ;ci5a5 ina + a ;ci5a5 an*(ar .
m = ra5i; ra5.7 ⫪ 40(>min r'm = 7 L".141)ra5. 40(>min VX = !1+" ra5>min V$ = W !1+"ra5>min1min>0/ VX =W 4+1 ra5>/
V$ = ⫪r.7
VX =
V$ = L".141)m . 40 (>min VX = V$ = ",+22 m . 40(>min V$ = 1!0,+4 m>min 1min>0/ V$ = !+ 1" m>/
VX =
"6 a ra'i5 tan*ncia 5 (n '(nt; + G( 5/crib (na circ(n7rncia 5 4m 5 ra5i;+ / 5 "0 m>/ . Cac(ar a ;ci5a5 an*(ar + 'ri;5; a 7rc(ncia
r = 4m
'rimra .
/*(n5a .
trcra .
2⫪r
= "0 m>/
=
= ⫪r.7
t
X=
2 ( 3.14 ) rad 0,837
X=W 6,28 rad
t = L"0m>/)L".14)4m
"0m>/ = L".14)4m 7
X=
0,837
t=W
t=
25,12 m 30 m / s
"0m>/ = +L4)
X=
,+!0ra5>/ 7=W
t = 0+",/
30 m
25 , 12 = 7
1+124r'm = 7
",6 (n ;bJt; a (n m;imint; circ(ar 5 cm 5 ra5i; *iran5; a 00 r;(ci;n/ ';r min(t; . Cac(ar 'ri;5; + a 7rc(ncia + an*(; 5/crit; n 0 /.
, = ra5i; 0 r'm = 7 = V$
2013
V$ = ⫪r.7 V$ = L"+141),cm . 0r'm V$ = +" . ,cm . 0(ta/>min V$ = 240!+", (ta/>min V$ = 240!+", (ta/>min . 1min>0 / V$ = 42002 cm>/ 24
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
"6 (n ;bJt; a (n m;imint; circ(ar 5 cm 5 ra5i; *iran5; a 00 r;(ci;n/ ';r min(t; . Cac(ar 'ri;5; + a 7rc(ncia + an*(; 5/crit; n 0 /*(n5;/ . 2⫪r
V=
t. = ⫪r
t
0 . = L".14)00 0 . = 1! V = +
"26 (n ntia5;r *ira c;n (na ;ci5a5 an*(ar c;n/tant 5 0 r;(ci;n/ ';r /*n5; . cac(ar6 ;ci5a5 ina /i ra5i; 5 a circ(n7rncia / 1!cm a ;n*it(5 5 arc; rc;rri5; n 4 8;ra/ n 7(nci;namint;
7 = 0 RP& ra5i; = 1! cm V$ = W
V$ = ⫪r.7 V$ = L".141)1!cm . 0r'/ V$ = +" . 1!cm . 0r'/ V$ = 24+4 . 0 (ta/>min V$ = 14+2 (ta/>min V$ = 14+2 1(ta>min 1min>0/ V$ = "1+41 cm>/
406 (na r(5a *ira a raQn 5 00 ra5ian/ ';r min(t; . Cac(ar a ;ci5a5 ina 5 (n '(nt; /it(a5; a cm 5 J . \ = 00 ra5 V=W R = cm 7=W
7;rm(a X = ⫪ra57 = ⫪r.7
00ra5>m = L".14)ra5.7 00ra5>m 1min>0/ = +ra5.7 1"+"ra5>/ = 7 +ra5 +1r'm = 7
V$ = L".14)cmL+1r'm) V$ = + 1+,cm>/ V$ = ,2+ cm>/ 416 (n mQi rc;rr (na circ(n7rncia 5 ! cm 5 ra5i; c;n (na ;ci5a5 an*(ar 5 10 r;(ci;n/ ';r min(t; . Cac(ar 'ri;5;+ 7rc(ncia + ;ci5a5 ina . 2 ⫪ rar R = !cm X= t t = "2+!/ \ = 10ra5>m
10ra5>m =
2 ( 3.14 ) rad
7=
t
0+0! RP& t=W
10ra5>min = 1min>0/ =
6,28 rad
t
= 0+00 m>/ 7=W 2013
25
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
PRACTICA NU!
1. 9( 5i7rncia 8a ntr ca;r tm'rat(raW 9( ca;r / (na nr*Sa mintra/ a tm'rat(ra / Q mi5 *ra5; 5 a a*itaciQn m;c(ar. . 9( 7ct;/ 'r;5(c ca;rW - ariaciQn 5 tm'rat(ra. - 5iataciQn 5 ;/ c(r';/. - cambi; 5 /ta5; 7S/ic;. ". A G( / aman trmQmtr;/W E/ (n in/tr(mnt; 5 m5iciQn 5 a tm'rat(ra. E/t a'arat; /t ba/a5; n 7nQmn; 5 a 5iataciQn n a /(/tancia ncrra5a n (n t(b; 5 i5ri; mrc(ri; Lac;8;+ *a/+ tc. 4. 9( im';rtancia tin a 5iataciQn n ;/ c(r';/W & a'r;c8a 7nQmn; 5 a 5iataciQn 'ara c;n/tr(ir ;/ trmQmtr;+ a/i tambin / /t(5iQ a ariaciQn 5 ;n*it(5 5 ;/ aambr/ 5 t*ra7;/ ; t7;n;. !. 9( 7nQmn; / riHca a mn;r tm'rat(ra+ a a';raciQn ; a b(iciQn W $a a';raciQn / (n 7nQmn; 5 mn;r tm'ra ';rG( n; nc/ita m(c8; ca;r 'ara a';rar+ Jm6 8i; / 5rrit c;n ;/ ra;/ 5 /;. . P;r G( 8a G( 5Jar n ;/ 8;rn;/ in5(/tria/ cirta/ J(nta/ n a/ 'ar5/ W A/S n ;/ 8;rn;/+ / 5Jan (n;/ /'aci;/ ntr ;/ a5ri;/ ama5;/ J(nta/ 5 5iataciQn 'ara c;m'n/ar tama; G( a a /(7rir a5ri; a 5iatar/. ,. P;r G( n; / m'a a*(a 'ara 7abricar trmQmtr;/+ a '/ar 5 /r /t SG(i5; G( m/ ab(n5a n a nat(raaW N; / (tiia C / 5ma/ia5; baJa (n *ram; 5 a*(a nc/ita (n ca;r+ /( tm'rat(ra / incrmnta 1UC+ i5ri; tin C 0+12. 2013
26
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
. 9( 7act;r/ intrinn n a c;n5(cciQn 5 ca;rW 9( a cantar (n Hrr; a/ m;c(a/ G( ';/ c8;can (na/ c;n ;tra/ ; c(a 'rmit G( / /inta ca;r a ;tr;
A C D
"!UC 2!U ,!U "0 K
a/cn5nt crcint ma;r a mn;r.
A. "!UC . 2!U a UC ° C ° F −32
=
5
9
° C
95 − 32
5
9
=
UC = "! C.
° C ° F −32 5
=
9
° C
75 −32
5
9
=
UC = "+
2013
27
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
D. "0 K a UC ° C ° K −273 5
=
5
UC = "0-," UC = -4" Or5nan5; 5 mn;r a ma;r. D
C
-4"
"+
A "!
"!
11. A G( tm'rat(ra 5 a /caa a8rn8it / c(m' G( a ct(ra n a /caa a8rn8it / tri' 5 a ct(ra n a /caa C/i(/W U = "0 ° C 30 −32 5
=
9
2C = 1!C Y 1C 2C = - 10 C = +, " L+,) = U = C r'ta. 1. C( / a 5i7rncia ntr ic(7acciQn c;n5n/aciQnW
1". DQn5 8ac m/ 7rS;+ n (n (*ar G( /tn a (na tm'rat(ra 5 UC ; 2013
28
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
n ;tra 5;n5 /tn a 14UW
14. A G( tm'rat(ra n rankin / c(m' G( a tm'rat(ra n *ra5;/ a8rn8it / tri' 5 a ct(ra n a /caa C/i(/W
1!. Cac(ar a canti5a5 5 ca;r nc/aria 'ara ar a tm'rat(ra 5 00 * 5 A 5 10 UC a 40 UC. L(tiiar 5at;/ 5 taba) DATO&6 9=W m = 00* t °
9 = m.C.L t f -
t °
)
9 = 00* . 0+,Ca
= 10 UC
t f = 40UC
2 C A = 0+, Ca> g
1. #n b;G( 5 c;br 5 ma/a 00 * / canta5; 5 "0UC a 0UC+ /i /( C =0+02" ca > *UCZ G( canti5a5 5 ca;r / 5b /(mini/trar a b;G(W
"ATOS: t °
/0
/ 1.C2.3 t f 4
1 / $%%g
/ $%%g 4 %)%6'Cal7g8C 39% 8C 4 '% 8C5
2013
5
29
FISICA Y QUIMICA t °
/ '%8C
t f
/ 9%8C
PT -08
/ $%%. %)%6' Cal78C. +% 8C / &9),.6+% cal / 6'% Cal.
C2 Ca / %)%6' Cal7g8C 1,. C;n (na mi/ma canti5a5 5 ca;r+ C( 5 /t;/ c(r';/ <'rimntan a ma;r ariaciQn 5 tm'rat(raW+ /in5; /( C6 ca>*UCZ A = "+ = + C = 4 A 1*
1*
C 1*
1. 9( ti'; 5 5iataciQn / 5a n ca5a (n; 5 ;/ c(r';/W
12. CQm; / 'r;'a*a ca;r a t;5a a ma/a iG(i5a a tra/ 5 a ariaW A c;*r (na aria mtr ; acrcar a a can5a ';r (n
30
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
0. n G( ;r5n *a ca;r a ;/
1. SG(i5; / 8aa n b(iciQn. C( 5 ;/ c;ntin ma;r ca;r c(a ma;r tm'rat(raW P;r G(W
. 5Hn c;n t(/ 'aabra/ ;/ /i*(int/ c;nc't;/6 ca;r+ tm'rat(ra+ 9( 5i7rncia
". 9( /(c5 c(an5; 5;/ c(r';/ 5 5i7rnt tm'rat(ra / ';n n c;ntact;W L5 5;n5 a 5;n5 ( ca;r) in( tama; c;n a tran/7rnciaW E c(r'; a tm'rat(ra m/ ata tin ma;r nr*Sa 5 ibraciQn n /(/ 'artSc(a/ atQmica/+ c(an5; / c;;ca n c;ntact; c;n c(r'; m/ 7ri; G( tin (na nr*Sa 5 a*itaciQn mn;r n /t;/ c8;G(/+ a/ 'artSc(a/ 5 c(r'; caint ntr*an nr*Sa a a/ 5 c(r'; 7ri; G( 'a/; a tnr ma;r a*itaciQn 'r;5(cin5; (n a(mnt; 5 tm'rat(ra (n 5n/; n c(r'; caint. 4. a/ m;c(a/ 5 (n c(r'; /tn n c;n/tant m;imint;. 9( 'a/a a 5ic8a/ m;c(a/ /i a(mntan ; 5i/min( a tm'rat(raW $a m;c(a 5 (n c(r';. En (n ;bJt; c;ntin a/ 'artSc(a/ / m(n a/ r'i5amnt ';r G( a/ tinn ma;r nr*Sa cintica m;c(ar. C(an5; a(mnta a tm'rat(ra a/ m;c(a/ /
31
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
#n c(r'; G( /t n 5trmina5a tm'rat(ra n /ta5; /Qi5; / cainta 'r;*r/iamnt G( a *ar a (na 'r/iQn tm'rat(ra 5trmina5a / c;nirt n SG(i5;+ /i*( cantan5; / SG(i5; *ra5(amnt / c;nirt n a';r. . <'ica G( /(c5 a a/ m;c(a/ a a nr*Sa+ a 'a/ar 5 (n /ta5; a ;tr;.
,. <'ica a/ /caa/ 5 tm'rat(ra LUC+ K+ U+ R) a G( tm'rat(ra 8ir / c;n*a a*(a n ca5a (na 5 /ta/ /caa/W H 2
- E/caa C/i(/ - E/caa a8rn8it - E/caa kin
0 UC " U -,"
100 UC 1 U ," K
. <'ica 5a Jm';/ 5 a tran/7rncia 5 ca;r ';r6 c;n5(cciQn+ c;nnciQn+ ra5iaciQn. P;r c;n5(cciQn6 / a tran/7rncia 5 ca;r a tra/ 5 (n c(r'; / 5b a a nr*Sa cintica+ a G( tran/mit ';r c8;G(/ a a/ m;c(a/ cina/ /(c/iamnt tnm;/ b(n;/ c;n5(ct;r/ c;m; ;/ mta/+ a ma5ra carbQn /;n ma;/ c;n5(ct;r/. EJm';6 c(an5; m;m;/ a ;a c;n (n c(c8ar;n 5 Hr; /ntim;/ ca;r. P;r c;ncciQn6 / 7cta a ;/ /Qi5;/ SG(i5;/ ; *a// c;n/i/t n a tran/7rncia 5 ca;r 5 (n (*ar a ;tr;. EJm';6 (na 'r/;na / cainta a a5; 5 (na c8imna. P;r ra5iaciQn6 t;5; c(r'; c(; tm'rat(ra / a ma;r a cr; ab/;(t;+ mit ra5iaciQn trmica G( in a /r in7rarr;Ja /mJant a a/ ;n5a/ (min;/a/. EJm';6 a tirra rcib ca;r 5 /; ';r ra5iaciQn+ /;; a ';rciQn <'(/ta a /;. 2. c(/ /;n a/ (ni5a5/ 5 ca;r+ 57Sn;/ <'r/a /(/ G(iancia/W # C. 2013
n /i/tma intrnaci;na 32
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
;( = J EG(iancia/6
1 K ca = 1000 ca 1 .T.# = !ca
"0. 5Hn c;n t(/ 'aabra/ <'ica a/ 5i7rncia/ ntr ;/ /i*(int/ c;nc't;/6 ca'aci5a5 ca;rSHca+ ca;r /'ciHc;. $a ca'aci5a5 ca;rSHca mi5 a canti5a5 5 ca;r c;m(nica5; a c(r'; 'ara a(mntar /( tm'rat(ra. C6 in5ica a canti5a5 5 ca;r G( 5b /(mini/trar/ a a (ni5a5 5 ma/a. "1. G( canti5a5 5 ca;r nc/ita ab/;rbr (n tr;; 5 c;br c(a ma/a / 5 !* /i / nc(ntra a (na tm'rat(ra 5 UC / 5/a G( acanc (na tm'rat(ra Hna 0 UCW DATO&6 9=W m = !*
9 = m.C.L t f -
t °
)
2 9 = !* - 0+02"Ca> g L0 UC - UC)
t °
= UC
9 = !. 0+02" Ca>UC. 1 UC
t f
= 0UC
9 = ,+2 ca r'ta.
2 C Ca = 0+02" Ca> g
". 9( canti5a5 5 ca;r nc/ita (n 8ir; c(a ma/a / 5 ,"1* /i / nc(ntra a (na tm'rat(ra inicia 5 10 UC /i 5/a G( acanc tm'rat(ra Hna 5 ! UCW DATO&6 9=W m = ,"1* 2013
9 = m. C.L t f -
t °
)
9 = ,"1* - 0+11"Ca>* UC L! UC - 10 UC) 33
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
t °
= 10 UC
9 = ,"1 . 0+11" Ca>UC . 1!UC
t f
= !UC
9 = 1"2 ca r'ta.
C = 0+11" Ca>* UC "". G( canti5a5 5 ca;r / rG(ir 'ara cambiar a tm'rat(ra 5 !0* 5 a(mini; 5 0 a 2! UCW DATO&6 9 = m.C.L t f -
9=W m = !0* t °
= 0 UC
t f
= 20UC
t °
)
9 = !0* - 0+,Ca>* UC L20 UC - 0 UC) 9 = !0 . 0+, Ca>UC . ,0 UC 9 = "2, ! ca r'ta.
C A = 0+, Ca>* UC "4. c;irt UC a a8rn8it. ° C ° F −32 5
=
26 5
=
9
° F −32 9
"4=! U-10 "410=!U 394 5
=° F =¿ 78,8 =° F
14+ =U ,+=U r'ta. "!. c;nirt 2+U a8rn8it a C/i(/6
2013
34
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
° C ° F −32
=
5
9
° C
986 −32
5
9
=
2 UC= +.! 2 UC="""
UC=",.
". 5m(/tr G( a/ /caa/ C/i(/ a8rn8it tinn a mi/ma ct(ra a Y 40U UC = U ° C ° F −32 5
=
9
° F
° F − 32
5
9
=
2U= !U-10 4U= 10 160
U=
4
U =-40 ",. a act;na 8ir !+!UC nitrQ*n; SG(i5; 8ir a 12UC <'r/ar ca5a tm'rat(ra n U.
!+ ! UC a U
12UC a U
° C ° F −32 5
=
2013
9 196 ° C
° F −32
5
9
=
35
FISICA Y QUIMICA 56 , 5 5
=
° F − 32
9
PT -08
1,4=!U-10
!0+! = !U
1124= !U
1""+, = U
"4+= U
". '(nt; 5 b(iciQn 5 (na /(/tancia / -2,+"!U <'r/ /ta tm'rat(ra n kin n *ra5;/ C/i(/.
&'1B%* F - ° F − 32
9
=
° K − 273
−297,35 −32 9
5
=
° K − 273
5
−324,35 ° K −273 = 9
5
"#(#B1* = ("&(*1 "(#1$1)&(*1=' "0!B%=' "'!B!%=
"2. (na 'ar5 5 a5ri; r7ractari; tin (na tm'rat(ra intrna 5 "1" U (na tm'rat(ra
"1"U a UC
2013
,"U
36
a UC
FISICA Y QUIMICA
° C ° F −32 5
=
PT -08
° C ° F −32 ° C 73 −32
9
5
=
9
5
=
9
° C 41 ° C 313− 32 5
=
9
=
5
9
2UC=0! ° C 281 5
=
9
UC=+,
2UC=140 2UC= 1!.
40. (na 'r/;na iaJan5; ';r Pr+ / /int in5i/'(/ta a a m5ic;. E/t tra/ ri/ara+ in7;rma G( /( tm'rat(ra / 5 100U c( / /( tm'rat(ra UCW n kinW 100U
a
UC
° C ° F − 32 5
=
9
° C 100 −32 5
=
9
° C 68 5
=
9
2UC="40
100U ° F −32 9 100 − 32 9
=
a UK
° k −273 5 ° k − 273
=
5
"40 = 2Uk - 4!, ,2, = 2Uk
UC=",+,.
"10+,Uk>
41. Cac(ar a canti5a5 5 ca;r nc/aria 'ara ar a tm'rat(ra 5 00* 5 a(mini; 5 0 UC a 0* UC. DATO&6 9=W m = 00* 2013
9 = m.C.L t f -
t °
)
9 = 00* - 0+,Ca>* UC L0 UC - 0 UC) 37
FISICA Y QUIMICA
t °
= 0 UC
t f
= 20UC
PT -08
9 = 00 . 0+, Ca>UC . 0 UC 9 = 102 ca r'ta.
C A = 0+, Ca>* UC 4. $a canti5a5 5 ca;r G( / nc/ita 'ara ariar a tm'rat(ra n 0 UC 5 K* 5 a*(a. 9 = m . c . at 9 = Lk*) .
1 k!al
kg°C . 0 UC
9 = 40 kca 4". #n b;G( 5 c;br 5 ma/a 200* / canta5; 5 10 UC a 20 UC+ G( canti5a5 5 ca;r / 5b /(mini/trar a b;G(. DATO&6 9 = m.C.L t f -
9=W m = 200*
t °
)
9 = 200* - 0+02"Ca>* UC L20 UC - 10 UC)
t °
= 10 UC
9 = 200 . 0+02" Ca>UC . 0 UC
t f
= 20UC
9 = 2 ca r'ta.
C Ca = 0+02" Ca>* UC
44. C;n (na mi/ma canti5a5 5 ca;r+ Bc(a 5 /t;/ c(r';/ <'rimntan ma;r c(a mn;r ariaciQn 5 tm'rat(raW At =
2013
" m.!e
At =
" m.!e
At n =
" m.Ce
38
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
100
At A =
At A =
1 ( 0,227 ) 100 10,227
100
At =
100
At n = =
1 ( 0,113) 100
At =
1 ( 0,093)
At n =
0,113
100 0,093
At A =
990,5 ° C
C!ESTONARO:
At = 4+2
At n = 10,!
PRCTCA N8 %,
&. ;A a y a: 4 2s a
R N 0 1
° 3 5
'H
+H/&%N +3$5/&%N *H
R/ *H R/*3$5 R/ 9N '. ;C1o s2 ?2no1inan las fu2r>as s2gIn su for1a ?2 accin sor2 los cu2r@os0 "ar 2J21@los. P!E"EN SER: 4 GRAKTACONALES: Por t2n2r causas los cu2r@os y no ?2@2n?2n ?2 la 2loci?a?. 2013
39
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
4 MAGNETCAS: cuan?o la carga ti2n2 2lci?a?. 4 N!CLEARES: as0 4 COMPOCCON: su1an fu2r>as @ara a?a. 4 "ESCOMPOCCON: hac2r ?iagra1a ?2 cu2r@o lir2 lu2go ?2sco1@on2r con r2s@2cto a los aJ2s y . +. "os fu2r>as concurr2nt2s ?2 &%N y , N) actIan for1an?o un ngulo ?2 ,%8. ;Encontrar 2l alor ?2 la r2sultant20
&%N 120°
POR LA LEY DE COSENOS:
4$3&%53,5cos 3&$%5 1
&%% ', 4$3&%53,553
60°
2
5
&%%',,% &6, ,N
√ 196
R/
R/ &* ,. allar la fu2r>a
F / '% N
N/ FQ N/ '%6% N/ &$% N2Dton
Q/ 6% N . El lo
30°
N
30°
*% s2n'%8 '% 8 2013
40
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
*%s2n '%8 Q/*%N
SOL!CON: Fy/ %
%$& √ 3
N/*% cos'%8 /*%
2
/
%$√ 3 #
F/ % *% s2n'%8 / T $% & *% 3&7$5 / T $%N / T 9. ;A
9% c1
F y/ '% $% Fy / +% @
% c1
TA / '% 9% $% &,% TA / $*%% '$%% TA / +,%% @ c1
R
A
B C '% @
ENTONCES: $% @
C / TA / +,%@ c1 F +% @ C / +,% + C / &$$ c1
6. Enunciar la s2gun?a con?icin ?2 2
2013
El 1o12nto ?2 torsin n2to ?22 actuar sor2 2l oJ2to 2t2n?i?o.
41
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
&%. Ef2ctuar: / $% g4f *&% "inas &&% l4f) ?ar la r2s@u2sta 2n N. ,
/ $%g f * &% "inas &&% l f ,
/ $% 69 * &% "inas &N &&% l f &N +
&g f / &6, N *%N *96.'N / $+.'N
&%
%.$$*9l4f
&&. ;A a ?2 *+ @0 F / *+ @
%
'%c1 B &9% @
TB / % *+3 '%5 / &9%3'%5 &+ ,% &% + $ '% / ,% &% + & '% / &$% - / 6% &$. allar 2l 1o12nto r2sultant2 sor2 la arra ?2 1asa ?2s@r2cial2 r2s@2cto ?2l @unto OU:
&% @
+ @
$% H@ +'8
$1 2013
*1
'1
OU 42
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
SOL!CON: TO / &% 6 + $% cos +' ' / 6% '+ $% 3 ' 5 ' * + TO / 6% '+ ', T / &,& @ 1 &'. allar 2l ngulo as ?2 N y &+N r2s@2ctia12nt2 si su r2sultant2 al2 $%N. R = 20N
N
&+N SOL!CON: Por l2y ?2 cos2nos: $%$ / $ &+$ 4 $353&+5 cos *%% / *6 $$+ $&% cos &$, / $&% cos &$, / cos -- arc cos 3 4 &$, 5 / &$,.9 4 $&% $&% V / &9%8 R221@la>an?o: &$,.9 / &9% / +'.$8 &*. R2ali>ar 2l ?iagra1a ?2 cu2r@o lir2 2n los sigui2nt2s sist21as: T T
N
T
N
Q
Q
Q
&+. ;Cunto 2s la int2nsi?a? ?2 una fu2r>a0) sí 2st r2@r2s2nta?a con un K2ctor ?2 &9 c1) la 2scala 2s '+ N 7 c1. 2013
43
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
&9 c1 F / '+N &9c1 / ,'%N C1 &,. "2 acu2r?o al sist21a 1ostra?o) s2 ti2n2 una arra ho1og=n2a ?2 &%% N ?2 @2so) hallar la t2nsin ?2 la cu2r?a) si 2l sist21a s2 2ncu2ntra 2n 2
T 9 c1 A * c1
* c1 Q / &%%N
SOL!CON: TA / % T 9 / &%% * 1 * +% T / +%N &. allar 2l 1?ulo ?2 la r2sultant2 ?2l sist21a ?2 2ctor2s 1ostra?o) si ca?a la?o ?2 la cua?ricula 2s L &L &L
$L
LA RES!LTANTE SERA: $L
2013
R
44
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
$L
R / 3$L5 3$L5 R/
√ 2 (2 $ ) / $ * L / $ L
%2
√ 2 u
R/ $L
&9. Calcular 2l 1o12nto r2sultant2 con r2s@2cto al @unto CU) si la fu2r>a F / +% N: '1
&1
+% s2n'8 ' 8 C +%N
+% s2n'8
SOL!CON: T / +% s2n'8 3'5 / +% ' ' &% + & T / 6%N &6. A as 1ostra?o: 91 &$ 1
&$%N
9%N
*%N
SOLUCIÓN:
F / &$% 9% *% / $*% N T / 9%395 *%3$%5 T / &,% 9%% T / 6,% N M 2013
45
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
ENTONCES: / 6,% N.M / 6, 1 $*% N $* / *1 $%. En la figura s2 @i?2 hallar la t2nsin TU si2n?o 2l @2so ?2l lo
T
T& = (!N
SOUCION: GOQUE
HOEA
T
(!N
T
F / %
T
F / O
T& / *%N
T / $T / $3*%5 T / 9% N
$&.4 calcular las t2nsion2s 2n 2l sist21a 2n 2
+'8
M
$ T
T$
6K
Q
2013
46
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
EN EL BLOQUE:
EN EL PUNTO “M”:
+'8
T&
T& cos+'8
cos+'8
T$
POR: ,%N F/ % T& cos+'8 / ,% T& ' / ,% + T& / &%%N L!EGO: F/ % T$ / T& s2n +'8 T$ / &%% * + T$ / 9%N
F/ % /Q T /,g &% 17s$ T / ,% N
$$.4 una 2sf2ra ?2 9g s2 sosti2n2 ?2 un cal2 y @r2s2nta una @ar2? 2rtical lisa. "2t2r1inar la t2nsin ?2l cal2 y la fu2r>a nor1al. SOL!CON: '8
T T cos'8
'8 T cos '8 N
Q/ 9g &% 17s$ Q/ 9% N
Fy/ % Tcos'8 / 9%N T3 * 5 / 9% N + T / &%%N F/ % T s2n'8 / N &%%3 ' 5 / N + ,% / N
2013
47
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
$'.4 la arra 1ostra?a @2sa &, N y s2 2ncu2ntra 2n 2
SOL!CON: Ta/ % T s2n+'8 3$5 / &,35 T*/9 + T / &%N
$*.4 ?2t2r1inar 2l alor ?2 la fu2r>a FU @ara 1ant2n2r la arra ho1og=n2a ?2 ,% N ?2 @2so 2n 2
F cos'8 ,1
,%N
W 60N
T / ,%N ,%N
POR: TM/%
COMO ESTA EN EQUILIBRIO:
T1/ % F s2n'8 3 * 5 / ,% 3 + 5 ,% 3&%5 F 3 * / &+ ,% + F / &+ + + F / '+N
T /,%N
$+.4 hall2 2l @unto ?2 a@licacin ?2 acu2r?o a la fu2r>a 1ayor. 9%N
4A *%N
SOLUCION : 2013
48
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
Fy/ 9% *% / &$% N -
PARA ESTAR EN EQUILIBRIO:
T1 / % 9%35 / *% 3A45 $ / A 4 ' / A 4 L!EGO LA POSCON ES: N / Ts / *% A Fy &$% N / *%3'5 / &$% &$% &$% N/ $,.4calcul2 2l 1o?ulo ?2 la fu2r>a r2sultant2 ?2 los 2ctor2s
,!
R
R/
9! ,$ 9$
%
R/
√ 36 + 64
R/
√ 100
R/ &%u $.4 la 2sf2ra ?2 la figura @2sa ,% N. calcular 2l alor ?2 la fu2r>a ?2 r2accin ?2 la @ar2? y la fu2r>a ?2 t2nsin 2n la cu2r?a. 3 g/ &%17s$5. T cos+'8 +'8
+'8 T s2n+'8
Q/ ,%N Fy / % 2013
Q/ ,%N LUEGO
F / % 49
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
T cos+' / ,% T 3 ' 5 / ,% + T / &%%N
T s2n +'8 / N &%% 3 * 5 / N + T / 9%N
$9.4 2l conJunto ?2 cu2r@os 1ostra?os 2stn 2n 2ona1i2nto.
m M
& $ g
m
Q / $ &% Q / $%N
Fy / % / $%N
COMO ESTA EN EQUILIBRIO: M
F / % T / T& $%N /T& $6.4ca?a uno ?2 los cu2r@os 1ostra?os s2 2ncu2ntran 2n 2a ?2 r2accin ?2l @iso sor2 2l cu2r@o A. 3g/&%17s$5. PARA DESBLOQUEAR “B”
B A
$g
g Q / $g &%17s$ Q / $%N
Fy / % T / $%N PARA "ESBLO!EAR AU Fy / % T NA / *% N $% NA / *% NA / $%N
Q / *g &%17s$ Q / *%N '%.4 la figura 1ostra?a 2s un triangulo r2ctngulo for1a?o @or un sist21a ?2 tr2s fu2r>as a FU y su s2nti?o.
2013
50
FISICA Y QUIMICA
6)6N
PT -08
&,)+N
F/
√ ( 16 , 5 )−( 9 , 9)
F / &'.$N F '&.4calcular la t2nsin 2n 2l cal2) si las @ol2as son ?2 @2so ?2s@r2cial2.
T&
T& T $%%N
SOLUCION: - EN EL BLOQUE:
EN LA POLEA:
Fy / % T / $%%N
Fy / % -.. $T& / T $T& / $%%N T& / &%%N '$.4calcular las t2nsion2s T& y T$: T& 20N
A
T$ 30N
PARA BLOQUEAR “B”
2013
T$
B PARA BLOQUEAR “A”
T& 51
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
20 N
'%N
QA/ $%N
F / %
F / %
T$ / '%N
T& / T$ QA T& / '% $% T& / +%N
''.4una caall2ta ?2 ac2it2 ti2n2 un @2so total ?2 *% N y 2sta a1arra?a al t2cho) co1o s2 2 2n la figura) hall2 las t2nsion2s 2n la cu2r?a. 30°
30°
*%N DEL BALDE:
DCL PARA EL NUDO “A”
T
T& T$cos '%8 '%8 T$ cos'%8
*%N
T$ T&s2n'%8 '%8 T&s2n'%8
T/*%N
Fy / % T$s2n'%8T&s2n'%8/*% 3T&T$5 / *% T& T$ / *%u
T$cos'%8/T&cos'%8 T& / T$
REEMPLAZANDO:
T& T$ / *% T& / $% '*.4calcul2 la t2nsin 2n la cu2r?a BU si la arra ho1og=n2a @2sa $%% N.
2013
52
FISICA Y QUIMICA
PT -08
A TA
B
'A
TB
+A
*A
*A $%%N
SOLUCION:
F / % 3@or 2an?o
2n
&,%N TB / $%%N TB / *%N '+.4hall2 la t2nsin 2n la cu2r?a AB. la arra 2s ?2 @2so ?2s@r2cial2 y 2l @2so QU 2s igual a 9% N $c1
,c1
A
W
T&
S
Q/ 9%N
B COMO ESTA EN EQUILIBRIO:
MS / % T& 3 $M 5 / 9%3,5
CENTRO DE ESTUDIO: SENATI: FÍSICA Y 2013
53
