09 Space travel.pdf

9

Living Science (Second Edition) Unit Test 2

Space travel

S2 Science Test Unit 9 Space tr r avel Name:____________________________

Time and Marks

Class: ____________________________

Part A: 35 min / 100 marks

Date: ____________________________

Parts Parts A & B: 45 min / 120 120 marks marks

Note: 1

Attempt ALL questions.

2

Write your answers in the spaces spaces provided on the Answer Answer Sheets.

Part Pa rt A (Lev (Level el 1) A

True or false questions

(5 marks, 1 mark each)

Study each of the following statements. Write ‘T’ for a true statement statement and ‘F’ for a false statement on the answer sheets.

1

Force can change the speed, speed, the direction of motion and the shape of an obj object. ect.

2

The unit of the weight of an obj object ect is the k ilogram ilogram (k g) or gram (g).

3

Both the rock rock et et and the space shuttle are reusab reusable.

4

The Sun can transfer its solar energy to the Earth by radiation because radiation can travel through a vacuum.

5

When a spacecraft rere-enters the atmosphere of the Earth from space, space, it will slow down due to air friction.

B

Multiple-choice questions

(20 marks, 2 marks each)

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions.

1

2

Which of the following is the unit of force? force?

A

Joule

B

Volt

C

Kilogram

D

Newton

Which of the following statements ab about friction is incorrect? incorrect?

A

Moving against friction can produce heat.

B

An obj o bject ect at rest does not ex experience friction.

C

Friction helps us walk walk or or run along an inclined road.

D

Ball bearings can be used to reduce friction.

© Oxford University Press 2005

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4

5

Space travel

Which of the following methods can be used to reduce friction? (1)

Supporting the moving object on a layer of air.

(2)

Mak ing moving objects to be more streamlined in shape.

(3)

Lubricating moving objects with oil or water.

A

(1) only

B

(3) only

C

(2) and (3) only

D

(1), (2) and (3)

Which of the following statements about the mass or the weight is correct?

A

The mass of an object changes with different locations.

B

We feel weightless when playing Bungee jump because the force of gravity acting on us disappears.

C

If the mass of an astronaut is 65 k g, his approximate weight on the Earth will be 650 N.

D

Astronauts experience weightlessness when they stand on the Moon.

What is the ma jor reason for the space shuttle shown on the right to be designed in streamlined shape?

A

To reduce the force of gravity acting on the space shuttle.

B

To reduce the air friction when the space shuttle travels through the atmosphere.

6

7

C

To increase the volume of the space shuttle.

D

To increase the surface area of the space shuttle.

Which of the following are the common types of liquid fuels for rock ets?

A

Liquid hydrogen and oil

B

Liquid hydrogen and alcohol

C

Liquid oxygen and alcohol

D

Liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen

Which of the following are the problems faced by astronauts when they work outside the spacecraft? (1)

The temperature range is large in space.

(2)

Lack of oxygen in space.

(3)

Exposed to harmful radiation in space.

(4)

Have to work in the weightless condition in space.

A

(1) and (2) only

B

(1), (2) and (3) only

C

(1), (3) and (4) only

D

(1), (2), (3) and (4)


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Space travel

The outermost garment of a spacesuit is shiny. The main reason for this design is

9

10

C

A

to block and reflect the harmful radiation.

B

to maintain the pressure similar to that on the Earth.

C

to have a better appearance.

D

to absorb heat energy in order to maintain the astronaut’s body temperature.

Which of the following countries launched the first satellite?

A

US

B

Germany

C

USSR

D

China

Which of the following are the space spin-offs? (1)

High energy food

(2)

Wrink le-resistant clothes

(3)

Scratch-resistant lenses

(4)

New materials used in mak ing aircrafts

A

(1) and (2) only

B

(1) and (3) only

C

(1), (2) and (3) only

D

(1), (2), (3) and (4)

Fill in the blanks

(20 marks, 2 marks each)

Complete the following sentences.

. This instrument is also called a

1

In the laboratory, force is measured by a

2

The hovercraft mak es use of a layer of

3

On the Earth, the weight of an object is the

4

The direction of action and reaction forces are always

5

A rock et has different

6

The conduction of heat is efficient only in

7

Astronauts need to do exercise inside the spacecraft to k eep muscles strong in the

8

j

g

a c

b

.

to reduce friction when moving over the sea.

d

on it by the

f

e

.

to each other.

which can be dropped off to reduce its weight as it travels.

h

.

i

condition.

is the device that orbits around the Earth. Its functions include positioning, communication and

observation.


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D 1

Questions

Space travel

(55 marks)

The figures below show the motion of puck s in different situations. puck

puck small bead

A

B

balloon

puck with a hole

C

D

a

Refer to figures A and C. If the puck s are pushed, will the puck s move fast? Explain.

b

Will the puck s in figures B and D move faster or slower than the puck s in figures A and C?

c 2

puck with a hole

(4 mark s)

Explain.

(5 mark s)

List four uses of friction.

(4 mark s)

The figures below show a person weighs the same object at different locations.

On the Earth

On the Moon

a

State the definitions of mass and weight of an object.

(4 mark s)

b

Compare the weight of the object on the Earth to that on the Moon. Explain the difference.

(3 mark s)

c

If the mass of the object 2 k g, calculate their approximate weights on the Earth and on the Moon respectively.

d

(4 mark s)

This person can feel his weight no matter he stands on the surface of the Earth or on the surface of the Moon. Explain.


(4 mark s)

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3

The figure on the right shows a simple liquid-fuel rock et.

a

In the diagram, draw the rock et engine and draw

to illustrate the action force produced by to illustrate the reaction force

experienced by the rock et.

b

X

(4 mark s)

Briefly explain the principle behind the launching of a rock et into space.

(4 mark s)

c

List the types of fuel stored inside tank X and tank Y respectively.

(2 mark s)

d

Some rock ets carry satellites to the space.Give two examples on

Y

(2 mark s)

the uses of satellites.

4

Space travel

The figure below shows Neil Armstrong walk ing on the Moon in 1969.

a

Armstrong felt weightless at some parts of the space journey to the Moon. Explain.

b

Armstrong needed to work outside the spacecraft. List four environmental conditions in space

(3 mark s)

that are unfavourable to him.

(4 mark s)

c

List four functions of Armstrong’s spacesuit.

(4 mark s)

d

Give two milestones of space exploration in China.

(4 mark s)

End of Part A


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Space travel

Part B (Level 2) (20 marks) Space Tour    Dream Comes True Read the following passage and answer the questions.

SpaceShipOne is the first manned spacecraft ( ) specially designed for taking general public into ‘space’. It is financed and designed by Microsoft co-founder  Paul Allen and spacecraft engineer  Burt Rutan. It was successfully launched at the Mo jave Airport in California on 21 June 2004.

W hi t e K ni gh t

SpaceShipOne was lifted by a turbo jet ( )  W hi te K ni g ht to a distance of about 15 km above the ground. Then, it was K ni gh t . Its rocket engine released from W hi te was ignited promptly and it travelled at a very high speed to pass through the atmosphere. After several minutes, it returned and slide back down to the runway.

SpaceShipOne

Burt Rutan said that this flight would be the milestone of space tour to the general public. The dream of space tour will come true to general public in the near future. Source of photo and acknowledgement: Scaled Composites

1

Why was SpaceShipOne chosen to be launched at the Mo jave Airport which is located at a desert region?

(4 mark s)

2

What are the requirements on the design of SpaceShipOne? List three.

(6 mark s)

3

The passengers of SpaceShipOne must have healthy hearts and lungs. Why? Suggest three (6 mark s)

reasons.

4

What is the similarity between the launch and return of SpaceShipOne and that of a space (4 mark s)

shuttle?

End of Part B


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Space travel

S2 Science Test Unit 9 Space tr avel Answer Sheets Name: ______________

Class: ____________

____

Mark s: ____ Total: 100% (Part A) / 120% (Parts A & B) Section A Total

Part A (Level 1) A

True or false questions (5 marks, 1 mark each)

1 __________

B

Do not write in this box

2 __________

3 __________

4 __________

5 __________

Multiple-choice questions (20 marks, 2 marks each)

Section B Total


1 __________

2 __________

3 __________

4 __________

6 __________

7 __________

8 __________

9 __________ 10 __________

C

5 __________

Fill in the blanks (20 marks, 2 marks each)

a ______________________

b ______________________

c ______________________

d ______________________

e ______________________

f ______________________

g ______________________

h ______________________

i ______________________

Section C Total

j ______________________

D

Questions (55 marks)

1 a ___________________________________________________________________________ b ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

c ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

2 a ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

b ___________________________________________________________________________ c ___________________________________________________________________________


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Space travel

d ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

3 a

b ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________

c ____________________________________________________ d ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________

4 a ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

b ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

c ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

Section D Total


d ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

Part B (Level 2) (20 marks) 1 ______________________________________________________________________________ 2 ______________________________________________________________________________ 3 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

4 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________


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Part B Total


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Space travel

S2 Science Test (Unit 9 Space travel) Answers Part A (Level 1) A

True or false questions (5%)

1T

2F

B

3F

4T

5T

1 m each

Multiple-choice questions (20%)

1D

2B

C

3D

4C

5B

6D

7D

8A

9C

10 C

2 m each

Fill in the blanks (20%)

a newton balance / spring balance

b spring balance / newton balance

e Earth

g stage

f opposite

h conductors

c air

d pull

i weightless

j Satellite

2 m each

D Questions (55%) 1 a No, the puck s will move slowly. Because the friction is great when the puck s slide on the bench. b The puck s in figures B and D will move faster.

4m 1m

Figure B: The friction is much reduced by changing the motion of the puck from sliding on the bench to rolling on the beads.; Figure D: The balloon produces a layer of air to support the puck, thus the friction is greatly reduced.

2

c a

Helps us walk, open the bottle’s cap, pick up food with chopstick s and rub out words on paper by a rubber.

1 m each

The mass of an object is the amount of matter in the object. The weight of an object is the pull on the object by the Earth.

b c d

2 m each

The weight of the object will be lighter on the Moon. Because the force of gravity of the Moon is smaller. On the Earth: 20 N; on the Moon: 3.2 N

3m 2 m each

The force of gravity of the Earth or the force of gravity of the Moon acts on his body. Under the effect of the reaction force, the support given by the ground mak es him feel his weight.

3

4m

4m

a b

According to the principle of action and reaction pairs, the gases e jected downwards through the rock et nozzles produce a very great 4m

reaction force to push the rock et upwards.

c d 2 m each

4

a

Tank X: liquid hydrogen; tank Y: liquid oxygen

1 m each

Positioning / communication / observation (any 2 or other reasonable answers)

1 m each

In some parts of the journey, the gravity of the Earth was cancelled by the gravity of the Moon. Armstrong felt no support given by the floor of the spacecraft. Thus he felt weightless.

b

The temperature range is large / strong and harmful radiation from the Sun / weightlessness / lack of oxygen / unstable pressure (any 4)

c

3m 1 m each

To maintain body temperature. / To maintain the pressure similar to that on the Earth. / To block the strong and harmful radiation from the Sun. / To treat body waste. / To supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. (any 4) 1 m each

d

China launched her first satellite  Red East 1 in 1970. / China launched her first spacecraft  Shenzhou 1 in 1999. / China launched her first manned spacecraft  Shenzhou 5 in 2003. (any 2)

2 m each

Part B (Level 2) (20%) 1 2 3

To reduce the risk of danger to residential areas caused by the launching of the spacecraft. Streamlined in shape, made by hard but light material, shiny body to reflect radiation.

2 m each

Once the spacecraft was launched, the passengers may suffer from changes in pressure, experience weightlessness and need to stay in a small space. So , their hearts and lungs must be healthy.

4

4m

2 m each

Launch: Both of them are carried to a distance high above the ground by launchers, then released from the launchers and traveled at a very high speed to pass through the atmosphere by igniting the rock et engines. Return: Both of them slide back down to the runway.


2 m each

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09 Space travel.pdf

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