DME Vol - III Maintenance Thales DME

PROFICIENCY LINKED INTEGRATED COURSE ON

VOLUME ‐ III

AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA Civil Aviation Training College, Allahabad, India

Edition: May, 2012

Volume ‐ III: ‐ Maintenance Acronyms/Glossary/Appendix

Table of of Content Content

Chapter CHAPTER NAME No. 1. MAINTENANCE and TROUBLESHOOTING 2. ACRONYMS and GLOSSARY APPENDIX APPENDIX A: - ANTENNA SITING AND INSTALLATION 3. CRITERIA APPENDIX B: - PC USER WINSV-32 "WINDOWS 4. SUPERVISOR 5. APPENDIX C: - WINDDE-32 for "ADRACS SV” APPENDIX D: - PC User - WINDME 415/435 - EQUIPMENT 6. MANAGER 7. APPENDIX E: - MON-H – HARDWARE MONITOR

PAGE No. 1 34

58 67 107 117 167

Chapter - 1

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Chapter

-1

MAINTENANCE and TROU TROUB B L ESH ESHOOTI OOTING NG 1.1

GENERALS

This section contains all data required for maintenance of the Model DME 415/435 - Distance-Measuring Equipment - ground beacons. This section provides standards and and tolerances, maintenance requirements, required test equipment, performance check procedures, information supporting flight check of the station, alignment and adjustment procedures, fault isolation, module replacement procedures, and technical performance records for the DME ground station. Maintenance on the DME beacons is made easier by using a personal computer (PC) based control and monitoring system. This allows the operator to measure and control the main parameters of the DME transponder using the PC keyboard and display. This beacon does not require any particular maintenance operation. It has been conceived, from a mechanical (plug-in system) as well as from an electrical point of view (use of mainly integrated, solid state components) paying the greatest attention to the reliability factor. This intrinsic reliability is further enhanced by the quality control method as per AQAP-1 requirements, as regards to production cycles, structure and inspection; additionally, all automatically tested modules undergo "burn-in" procedures. The maximum integrity hardware can be increased by the option of monitor module HW MON whose characteristics are described in section Appendix "E" in this volume. The DME 415/435 has been designed to minimize maintenance requirements using built-in computer controlled test equipment and digital design techniques. Remote access to the equipment through the modem interface allows the built-in test equipment (BITE) to be used to assure proper DME operation without the need to visit the site. The faulty modules may be detected following the information given in paragraph5.3. paragraph 5.3. Remove and replace time is minimized by the use of plug-in assemblies that are easily accessed from the front of the cabinet. Troubleshooting is made easier by the executive monitoring and test procedures, which perform real-time Usually, operator, at the local site, does not control the beacon, although its operating conditions may be checked through the messages displayed on the remote PC. The operator may also detect possible parameter variations by displaying the information concerning the automatic monitoring cycle (EXECUTIVE MONITORING), by performing the Routine Check, or by standard or specific measurements in manual tests (Maintenance mode). Then comparing the results obtained to the previous data. Faster on-site troubleshooting is possible using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) located located on the modules. These make it possible to detect a module failure by looking for an illuminated red LED on any card in the DME card-cage. Another important instrument for troubleshooting is the DIAGNOSTIC function, which displays the name of the faulty module. The diagnostic function is described in paragraph D.3.4.4 ANNEX D. There are a few activities of normal maintenance, which should be performed in DME 415/435. All the main parameters are maintained at the preset values throughout the entire life of the system by means of specific circuits and a microprocessor controlled transponder, so that drift as a result of aging, will not occur. No parts that are subject to mechanical wear are used. Since, the periodic maintenance intervals can be made only whenever necessary and the number of measurements restricted to a minimum. In addition, the radiated signals are checked by high-precision microprocessor controlled monitors. These prevent faulty signals from being emitted by either switching over to the standby transmitter or shutting down the system completely. Each monitor is a complete programmable DME instrumentation set in itself (BITE Built In Test Equipment), capable to perform all tests and checks required for routine maintenance and for automatic diagnostics. Preventive maintenance activities should be reduced in accordance with local regulations as actual data proves that the requirements in ICAO 8071 are overly conservative. Skilled operators and technicians may perform more accurate measurements, using external instruments equipment. The details about any of these measurements are given in the following paragraphs

Civil Aviation Training College, India

Page 1

Chapter - 1

1.1.1


Standards and Tolerances

The main standards and tolerances for the 415/435 DME are listed in table5-1. Table 5-1. Standards and Tolerances Lower Parameter Limit

Upper Limit

Standard

Reference Paragraph

Reply delay

Standard minus 0.2 µs

Assigned at commissioning

Standard plus 0.2 µs

5.2.2

Reply coding

Standard minus 0.1 µs


Standard plus 0.1 µs

5.2.2

Reply efficiency

66%

95%

...

5.2.2

Transmitter power

-3.0 dB of standard


...

5.2.2

Radiated power

-3.0 dB of standard


...

5.2.2

Transmitter pulse rate

80 pulse pairs per second (PP/S) below minimum

Assigned at commissioning 800-2700 or 27004800 pps

...

5.2.2

Transmitter pulse rise time

1,5 µs

2,5 µs

3 µs

5.2.2

Transmitter pulse width

3 µs

3,5 µs

4 µs

5.2.2

Transmitter pulse decay time

1,5 µs

2,5 µs

3,5 µs

5.2.2

Ident cycle time

25 s

30 s

40 s

5.2.2

Transmitter frequency

- .001%

Nominal channel frequency

+.001%

5.2.5.4

50 / 40 V supply lowpower transmitter (TX)

48 V (415) 38 V (435)

50 V (415) 40 V (435)

52 V (415) 42 V (435)

5.2.5.8

50 V supply high-power amplifier (TKW) (435 only)

48 V

50V

52 V

5.2.5.8

Bus voltage

52 V

54V

55 V

5.2.5.8

5 V supply

4.75 V

5.00 V

5.25 V

5.2.5.8

15 V supply

14.25 V

15.00 V

15.75 V

5.2.5.8

-15 V supply

-15.75 V

-15.00 V

-14.25 V

5.2.5.8

AC supply

187 VAC

230 VAC

276 VAC

5.2.5.8

1.1.2

Documentatio n of Flight Test

The data recorded during the flight test establishes the baseline for each DME installation. Documentation is recorded by the printer connected to the PC or in a file on the PC (the Routine Check is the typical file used). The data recorded during the commissioning and flight check should be recorded and stored in a reference file. The same procedure should be followed when performing further checks, so the data recorded can be compared with the original flight check data.


Page 2

Chapter - 1


1.2

MAINTENANCE

1.2.1

Period ic MAINTENANCE

The procedure is performed using the monitors BITE as measurement instruments. Each parameter of the transponder in antenna is measured in real time by the monitor(s), which incorporate a full measuring devices (BITE = Built In Test Equipment). These instruments are constantly verified by its own self-check (integrity check of monitor) and the possible failure will be visualized through proper failure messages and the faulty monitor will be switched off. The frequency of this test might be reduced according to operator's requirements, to environmental conditions and to the practical experience collected over time. Several customers suggest a periodicity of once every two years. Every parameter to be measured is associated with the corresponding limits according to Annex 10, Doc. 8071 Part III DME ICAO specifications, the standards and tolerances in para. 5.1.1, and manufacturer's in technical specification data (section 4). The BITEs are performed using a local or remote PC. paragraphs:

General information is given in the following

− the parameters measured with the EXECUTIVE MONITORING and ROUTINE CHECK programs may

also be measured using the CHECKS menu; − in addition to the standard tests, the skilled operator may use the PRESETTABLE tests (ANCILLARY -

see ANNEX D section) to create special tests, not provided by the system, necessary to perform particular checks − before starting every ordinary maintenance procedure, it is necessary to analyze any possible alarm or

warning condition which may have occurred from the last maintenance intervention so as to perform more accurate controls on the parameters showing signs of degradation; − at the end of the maintenance procedures, print the last Routine Check and the data relating to every

measurement performed; compare them to the previous data and to the data obtained upon installation. − these controls must be performed on both transponders and it is advisable to perform a final control on

the two of them using the diagnostic function (DIAGNOSTIC TEST). Therefore, the equipment does not require typical scheduled maintenance. Only ordinary cleaning maintenance is suggested. For shelter, air conditioner and emergency battery (if applicable), observe the manufacturers maintenance recommendations. Battery type suggested: low maintenance or sealed Additional external measurements are documented in paragraph 5.2.5. These allow the operator to test the validity of the measuring devices inside the monitor by means of external instruments. These procedures may be used at the discretion of the maintenance technician.

1.2.2

Routine Tests

Routine tests will verify the proper performance of the DME transponder and monitor. This performance test should be run at discretion of operator. All limits should conform to the tolerances in table 5-1 or those dictated by local regulations. All tests must pass. If any tests fail, repeat the tests two or three times to verify the failure; then refer to paragraph 5.3 for troubleshooting assistance. a.

For this procedure, data will be printed or saved to disk. If a printer is to be used it must be connected. If the data is to be saved to a disk, use the save to a file option that is available when the printer screen appears.


Page 3

Chapter - 1


b.

Connect the PC to the DME. This may be done locally or remotely through telephone lines.

c.

Log on.

d.

Request control of the DME.

e.

Select Checks and then Executive monitoring on antenna and Monitor self check.

f.

Select Abort to freeze the data.

g.

Print the displayed data or save to a file. Exit screen.

h.

Select Checks and then Routine check - Trx on Antenna. Wait for the tests to complete (tests will take few minutes). When the “END ROUTINE CHECK” box appears, press RETURN or click on OK. Review and confirm all data is within tolerances.

i.


j.

Select Checks and then Routine Check- On Monitor . Wait for the tests to complete (tests will take several minutes). When the “END ROUTINE CHECK” box appears, press RETURN or click on OK. Review and confirm all data is within tolerances.

k.


The following may be done to document the setup of the equipment. a.

Select Settings and then Transponder Parameters .

b.


c.

Select Settings and then Operational Parameters.

d.


e.

Select Settings and then Monitor Thresholds.

f.


g.

Select Settings and then Restart delay.

h.


i.

Log off.

1.2.3

Monito r Operatio n

This test verifies that the monitor will alarm and that a transfer (dual system) or shutdown (single system) will occur if a parameter is out of tolerance. This test will take the system off the air in automatic mode operation. 1.2.3.1

a. b. c. d. e. 1.2.3.2

a. b. c. d. e. f.

Single System Test Remove the monitor one coax. cable at the top of the cabinet. This will cause the transmission rate and radiated power parameters to alarm. Verify the system shuts down by looking at the front panel indications. Verify there are no green LEDs illuminated on the transmitter assembly (TX). This confirms the transmitter is off. Replace the monitor one cable. Restore the system to normal operation using the front panel. Dual Syst em Test Remove the monitor one coax. cable at the top of the cabinet. This will cause the transmission rate and radiated power parameters to alarm on monitor one. Remove the monitor two coax. cable at the top of the cabinet. Verify the system transfers to transponder 2 by looking at the front panel indications. Verify there are no green LEDs illuminated on the transmitter one assembly (TX). This confirms the transmitter is off. Verify transponder two shuts down by looking at the front panel indications. Verify there are not green LEDs illuminated on the transmitter two assembly (TX). This confirms the transmitter is off.


Page 4

Chapter - 1

g. h. .2.1.1 1.1 1.2.


Replace the monitor one and two cables. Restore the system to normal operation using the front panel. Standby Operation Te Test st

These procedures provide for checking the station batteries (if is not used the sealed type) and correcting any deficiencies that may be found. These procedures should be performed to observing the periodic maintenance of the manufacturers recommendations. WARNING Batteries, generate an explosive gas under normal operating conditions if is not used the sealed type. Special care should be taken to avoid creating sparks that could ignite this gas. Ensure no tools or other metal objects can fall onto the batteries or otherwise contact the batteries and cause a short. Batteries contain a very corrosive electrolyte that can cause serious injury to the skin and eyes. Wear proper protective clothing and eye, hand, and face protection when working with the batteries. a.

Visually inspect each battery and verify it is free of any bulges, cracks, or other deformations. Replace any defective batteries.

b.

Check all battery terminal connections and verify they are tight and free of corrosion.

c.

Check that batteries are clean and free of corrosion. If necessary, remove dust or dirt by wiping with a water moistened cloth. If battery electrolyte is present on the outer surfaces of the batteries, neutralize it with a solution made up of 1/2-pound baking soda in 1 quart of water (0.22-kilograms soda/liter water). Initially, this solution will bubble. The electrolyte is neutralized when bubbling no longer occurs when fresh solution is applied. When electrolyte is neutralized, wipe battery clean with a water moistened cloth. Dry battery with a dry clean cloth.

d.

Using a digital multimeter or equivalent, measure voltage across all batteries. This voltage should be approximately 54 volts DC. DC. Record this voltage.

e.

Divide the voltage recorded in step "d." by 4 and record this voltage.

f.

Measure and record voltage across each battery. The voltage across each battery should be the voltage recorded in step "e" ± 0.2 volt DC.

g.

Turn off the AC power and record the time.

h.

Five minutes after performing step "g", measure and record voltage across battery supply.

i.

Twenty minutes after performing step "g", measure and record voltage across battery supply. This voltage should be no less than 0.2 volt DC DC less than the voltage recorded in step "h". If battery supply fails this check, measure and record voltage across each battery. If voltage across one battery is 0.5 volt DC or more below voltage recorded in step "e", replace that battery. battery. Charge the battery and repeat steps "d" through "i". If the voltage across two or more batteries is 0.5 volt DC or more below voltage recorded in step "e", charge battery supply and repeat steps "d" through "i".

j.

Turn on the AC power.


Page 5

Chapter - 1

.2.4 4 1.2.


General Gene ral Ordinary maintenance

WARNING To avoid an electrical shock hazard, verify that the equipment is powered down before attempting any general maintenance work.

1.2.4.1

Cleaning

Clean the outside and inside of shelter if necessary. Clean the inside and outside of the equipment cabinet when become necessary. Avoid transferring dirt on DME cabinet during the cleaning: use always a vacuum cleaner.

CAUTION Cleaning aids, such as brushes and dusters, must be made of anti-static material. Use only a soft cloth; do not use corrosive and abrasive substances. The local control and status unit (LCSU) front panel, may be damaged by some types of chemicals used for cleaning. To remove layers of dirt on the LCSU panel, use ethyl alcohol, glycol, or clean water. Moisten a cloth with one of the liquids mentioned above and remove dirt. Dusting of the subassemblies should only take place in conjunction with removal of a subassembly when this becomes necessary. Even then, subassemblies should only be dusted if dust can be detected by means of a visual check. They should always be dusted using a soft brush, and if possible with the aid of a vacuum cleaner. During such operations, it is essential to observe all precautionary measures for voltagesensitive semiconductors.

.2.4.2 .2 1.2.4

.2.4.3 4.3 1.2.

Other chec checks ks •

Inspect all components to ensure that there is no damage, corrosion, or evidence of overheating.

•

Verify that all components are securely mounted.

•

Verify that all electrical connections are secure. Antenna Installati on ins pectio n

Inspect complete antenna mast installation, coax and connectors antenna cables, cable and obstruction lights for any damage caused by corrosion, rodents, termites, or others. The periodicity of inspections depends of environmental conditions of the site. Tight fitting of all RF cable connections (internal and external)


Page 6

Chapter - 1

.2.5 5 1.2.


Maint Ma int enance operation proc edures usi ng external ins trum ents

Gives a simple and concise description of the main procedure, which may be performed by operators and skilled technicians using the external additional measurement instrumentation on site. These paragraphs describe procedures to externally verify some of the important measurements made using test equipment built in to the DME. These procedures are normally not required but can be used at the discretion of the maintenance technician. NOTE: NOTE: If during maintenance operations it is necessary to stop the irradiated signal the responsible authorities (e.g. ATC/Controls) must be informed before commencing any maintenance work in accordance with national regulations. .2.5.1 5.1 1.2.

Necessary Nece ssary too ls and ins trum ents

This is a list of test equipment required for site level maintenance on the DME. Equivalent test equipment may be used. Common tools such as screwdrivers, pliers, and wrenches. A 5/16-inch, 5-inch-pound 5-inch-pound torque wrench is recommended for tightening the SMA cable connector nuts. In addition to the material supplied with the beacon (tool kit and extender board), the following measuring instruments are required:

-

Personal Computer, Computer, if missing at local site (Lap/palm top or STD PC), cables cables connection, startup disk, printer, adapter connectors

-

Oscilloscope dual/four vertical channels ,100 MHz BW, type (Tek 2235A or PM3050)

-

Multimeter (input 1 MΩ impedance )

-

Peak Power METER (HP 8900) with probe 1 W f.s. and a series of precision attenuators (± 0,1 dB) 10 dB/5W, 20dB/1W, 30dB/1W (or directional coupler) or kit: BIRD wattmeter (digital RF mod 4391 with elements: 1000J,250J,100j,25J)

-

Timer-Counter up to 2 GHz (Hp 5315A-H10-003, Tek CMC251)

-

Spectrum Analyzer up to 2 GHz (if necessary: see note in para 5.2.5.5.)

.2.5.2 5.2 1.2. 1.2.5.2.1

Output Power measurement On dummy-Load procedure NOTE: This NOTE: This test will take the system no stop during the test

a) Perform the EXECUTIVE MONITORING or Routine Check at Peak Power Output measurement on TRX in Dummy Load (Maintenance Environment) b) Verify and record the peak power value c)

Switch OFF the TRX on dummy load and take the place of the 50 Ω dummy load by the probe of the wattmeter, via 30dB precision attenuator (DME415) or 40dB precision attenuator (DME435). CAUTION Do not set the beacon to OPERATING when the antenna or dummy load is not connected.

d) Set the beacon to operating and read the value by the instrument e) Verify that the value read is equal to the value recorded by internal monitor (s) (±10%) f)

At the end of the measurements, take note of the values concerning both transponders and restore the initial connections


Page 7

Chapter - 1

1.2.5.2.2


On antenna procedure NOTE: This test will take the system off the air during the connection of the instruments

a)

Connect test equipment as shown in figure 5.1. a) for the type of power meter that will be used. for the Bird-type peak power meter set up and figure 5.1. b) for the HP-type peak power meter set up.

b)

Perform the EXECUTIVE MONITORING or Routine Check at Peak Power Output measurement on TRX (Maintenance Environment)

c)

Verify and record the peak power value

d)

Switch OFF the beacon. CAUTION Do not set the beacon to OPERATING when the antenna or dummy load is not connected.

e) Set the transponder to be measured to operating and read the value by the instrument f)

Verify that the value read is equal to the value recorded by internal monitor (s) (±20%)

g) At the end of the measurements, take note of the values concerning both transponders and restore the initial connections. to ANTENNA PEAK POWER METER (BIRD Model 4391 type)

Heliax 1/2" cable

Plug-in ELEMENTS

Use with TWO Plug-In ELEMENTS as appropriate: FORWARD HIGH Power - 1000J REVERSE LOW Power - 100J FORWARD LOW Power - 2 50J REVERSE LOW Power - 25J

Antenna connector

Cable assembly, RF, 30 cm RG214 - N male

DME 415/435

Figure 5.1. a) Output Power test o n antenna proc edures - Test s et-up (BIRD 4391)


Page 8

Chapter - 1


to ANTENNA

20 dB Directional Coupler

Heliax 1/2" cable

Cable assembly, RF, 30 cm RG214 - N male

Combined attenuation directional coupler-Attenuator shall be 60 dB for 1 KWp and 50db for 100Wp Power meter PROBE

Antenna connector PEAK POWER METER (HP 8900)

DME 415/435

Figure 5.1. b) Output Pow er test on antenna pro cedures - Test s et-up (HP8900)

1.2.5.3

Pulse shape , puls e spacin g and Reply Delay

This procedure allows the operator to measure the pulse shape and pulse spacing of the transmitter output. The operator can also measure the system reply delay. The procedure uses a dual channel oscilloscope. This method is not as accurate as the technique used in the monitor. The results obtained using the scope will typically be with ±5 percent of the readings displayed by the monitor. Oscilloscope connections: •

Channel one is connected to monitor test point AN34. See figure5.11

•

Channel two is connected to transmitter test point AN7 (DME 415) or "AN 7 RF detected" (DME 435). See figure: 5.20 (DME 415), 5.21 (DME 435)

•

The external trigger input of the oscilloscope is connected to monitor test point AN2 (or AN72). See figure 5.4.

•

Adjust the time base and trigger to allow the interrogations on channel one and the replies on channel two to be displayed on the screen. a.

Rise Time. Examine the pulses on channel two of the oscilloscope. Set the oscilloscope time base to 1 or 2 µs. To measure the rise time, measure the time for the leading edge of the pulse to transition from 10 percent of its peak value to 90 percent of its peak value. Record this time.


Page 9

Chapter - 1


b.

Duration . Examine the pulses on channel two of the oscilloscope. Set the oscilloscope time base to 1 or 2 µs. To measure the duration, measure the time between the 50 percent point of a pulse rise time and the 50 percent point of the pulse fall time. Record this time.

c.

Decay Tim e. Examine the pulses on channel two of the oscilloscope. Set the oscilloscope time base to 1 or 2 µs. To measure the fall time, measure the time for the trailing edge of the pulse to transition from 90 percent of its peak value to 10 percent of its peak value. Record this time.

d.

Pulse Spacing. Examine a pulse pair on channel two of the oscilloscope. To measure accurately the pulse spacing, measure the time between the 50 percent point of the pulse rise time of the first pulse and the 50 percent point of the pulse rise time of the second pulse. Record this time.

e.

Verify that the values read on the scope are equal (± 2 percent) to the values measured by monitors (on test of executive monitoring or routine check).

f.

Reply Delay. Channel one shows the interrogation pulses. Channel 2 shows the transmitter pulses. Set the oscilloscope time base to 10 µs. Measure, accurately, the time from the 50 percent point of the leading edge of the first constituent pulse of the first pulse pair on channel one, to the 50 percent point of the leading edge of the first constituent pulse of the first pulse pair on channel two. Other method of measure, of the replay delay, is that shown in figure5.7.

g.

1.2.5.4

Verify that the values read on scope are equal (± 1 percent) to the values measured by monitors (on test of executive monitoring or routine check).

Transponder Frequency Measurement

This procedure measures the DME transponder frequency. The frequency source used by the transmitter and receiver is located in the receiver module. a.

Connect PC to DME front panel RS-232 connector.

b.

Log on. Use Commands to turn beacon one off.

c.

Remove the low-power transmitter module (TX). The module may be removed with power on.

d.

Connect frequency counter to the upper RF connector that interfaces with the removed transmitter assembly. Use the BNC female to backplane female adapter to convert the top connector to a BNC female connector. This will allow a cable with BNC male connectors on both ends to be used with the frequency counter.

e.

Frequency counter should indicate station assigned carrier frequency ±0.001 percent.

f.

Disconnect adapter, cable, and frequency counter.

g.

Replace transmitter.

h.

For a dual system, use Commands to turn beacon two off. Repeat steps c through g with the second transmitter.

i.

Replace the transmitter(s). Restore the system to normal operation.

j.

Log off.

1.2.5.5

Puls e Spectr um NOTE This procedure is significant for sites where beacons or other radio equipment are installed within a radius of 5 NM (Nautical Miles) and have adjacent channel frequencies. Therefore, it is not necessary if these conditions are not present.


Page 10

Chapter - 1


Procedure: a. Using a 40 dB attenuator for DME 435 and 30 dB for DME 415, connect the spectrum analyzer to the coaxial cable, coming from one of the two antenna probes. First, disconnect the cable from its connector on top of the equipment cabinet. b. Use a 30 to 100 kHz/div band width and select the beacon frequency for the spectrum analyzer. Position the spectrum lines on the raster center of the instrument display and adjust the signal peak level so that it touches the first top line of the raster. c. Verify that with FREQUENCY SPAN equal to 0.5 MHz/div, all the spectrum lines at a frequency greater than the beacon frequency ±2 MHz are attenuated of at least 65 dB for DME 435 and 58 dB for DME 415 with respect to the beacon frequency peak level, at raster center. d. Verify that with FREQUENCY SPAN equal to 0.2 MHz/div, all the spectrum lines at a frequency greater than the beacon frequency ±0.8 MHz are attenuated of at least 47 dB for DME 435 and 40 dB for DME 415 with respect to the beacon frequency peak level, at raster center. e. At the end of the measurements, take note of the values concerning both transponders and restore the initial connections.

1.2.5.6

Transmiss ion rate

a)

Perform the executive monitoring cycle and/or the Routine Check and/or TRANSMISSION RATE manual test.

b)

Verify that the obtained value comes within the limits indicated.

c)

Connect the frequency counter to AN7 test points of transmitter TX module. See figure5.20.

d)

Set the counter to read the frequency values in the low frequency range (<100 kHz and high input impedance) and to count the pulses. Because of the random nature of DME output pulses, the frequency counter will not display a constant value. The reading will be effected by aircraft interrogations. Do not use a value measured during a DME identification period. The counter reading will increase during the DME identification period. Divide the frequency counter reading by two to obtain the frequency of pulse pairs (as read by the monitor).

e)

Read the value given by the instrument and verify the reading (divided by two) is within the indicated tolerance limits. NOTE The actual ppps number depends on the transmission rate selected and on the number of interrogating aircraft at the instant the measurement is made.

1.2.5.7

Monito r Interrogati on - Pulse shape , puls e spacin g and peak puls e level

The external trigger input of the oscilloscope is connected to monitor test point AN2. See figure 5.4 Connect the probes of oscilloscope on test point AN34 "Out MUX" of the MON module and record: − Rise time − Duration − Decay time − Pulse spacing − Peak pulse level

Verify that the values read on scope are equal (± 2%) to the values measured by monitors (on test of executive monitoring or routine check)


Page 11

Chapter - 1

1.2.5.8


Power Supply Measurements

This test measures the key power supply voltages in the 415 DME. a.

Measure the +5 volt, +15 volt, and –15 volt levels using the test points on the PWS module. See figure 5.5 for the location of the test points. See table 5-1 for tolerances. For a dual system, perform measurement on both PWS modules.

b.

Measure the AC input voltage. The voltage should be measured at the terminal where AC power comes into the cabinet. WARNING Dangerous voltage (240 V AC) exists within the DME system (only on subrack BCPS unit). Contact with this voltage can cause personnel injury or death.

c.

Measure the DC bus voltage. This can be done at the top, left (front) corner of each transponder card cage backplane. This point is labeled +48. The point to be measured has a red wire. Chassis ground can be used as a reference. The DC bus voltage can also be measured using the + and – test points on the AC/DC module. See figure 5.23.

d.

Measure the output of the DC/DC converter on the low-power transmitter module (TX). See figure 5.20 (AN 17) for the location of the test point. See table 5-1 for tolerances. For a dual system, perform measurement on both TX modules.

e.

Measure the output of the DC/DC converter on the 1000 watt transmitter module (TKW). See figure 5.21 (AN 1 DC/DC Out) for the location of the test point. See table 5-1 f or tolerances. For a dual system, perform measurement on both TKW modules.

1.2.5.9

Verification with Diagnostic Function

The Diagnostic is the last operation to be performed and is used to check both transponders. If this verification and previous inspections and controls confirm the good beacon operating conditions, all beacon mechanical and electrical components as well as its software can operate correctly. With regard to the software, it should be noticed that most of its functions have been enabled during the measurements. To run the Diagnostic software, place the DME in maintenance. Select the Diagnostic test from theChecks menu. See Annex D for more information.

1.3

TROUBLESHOOTING

This paragraph contains only the information necessary to detect and replace faulty modules, which should then be repaired at an authorized repair facility. Troubleshooting is made easier thanks to the built-in testing available in the 415/435 DME. By looking at the failure messages displayed on the PC video, the operator may easily detect any beacon malfunction; these messages make it possible to detect the malfunctioning module, if any, and to take the necessary organization and urgency measures (primary or secondary alarm) so as to repair the module at the local site. Considering the functional services offered by the beacon, when both transponders are shut down, it is advisable to first restore one of the two transponders using the redundant and operating modules of the other one.


Page 12

Chapter - 1


The technicians involved in troubleshooting should have a good knowledge of 415/435 theory of operation. The technician must be familiar with safety measures required to prevent injury to maintenance personnel and damage to the beacon. Replace the modules in the sequence indicated by the diagnostics; before every replacement, display all possible stored alarms or warnings occurred from the last maintenance intervention. According to the color, the warning lights on the different modules will have the following meanings: − Green light: normally on, it indicates that the module or circuit being controlled is operating. − Red light: normally off, it comes on in case of failure of the module. − Yellow light: normally on, it provides further indications (secondary or partial) about beacon operation.

The same color method is used for the messages displayed on the video: these messages may be seen only if a color video is used. The WARNINGS, ALARM, SHUT-DOWN and HARD (primary alarm presence indication) messages are red and flashing so as to be easily seen even on a monochromatic video. When the beacon is in good operating conditions, no red LED should be on and no red message should appear on the PC video. Before replacing a module with a red LED on, it is advisable to reset the module or the beacon since a transient malfunction might have caused a protection to be activated and therefore the LED to be lit. The reset pushbutton on the DMD or MON modules can not be used if an initialization is being performed. Connections made with flat and coaxial cables and to passive, non-plug-in components offer a high reliability level; they, however, should not be overlooked, but may be checked in conclusion. WARNING Proceed with great care when it is necessary to work on BCPS unit rear part since a 220 Vac dangerous voltage is present. Radio frequency voltage on RF power amplifier modules output represent a personnel hazard. Inside AC/DC modules there are the 220 Vac mains voltage and the corresponding 300 Vdc rectified voltage whose capacitors may remain loaded for several seconds after the modules are disconnected. After removing the modules wait for a few minutes before touching the internal circuits.

CAUTION RF loads (antenna cable, 50 Ω loads) should always be connected when the transponder is set to OPERATING to prevent the RF components from being damaged. 1.3.1

Useful Information for Troubleshooting

The procedures for the remote site are true for the local site as well, but not vice versa. The remote site is a center or a control site situated far away from the place where the beacon is installed. The local site is the place, near the antenna, where the beacon is installed. The two sites may be a few meters or many kilometers apart. Remember that the modules should be replaced when the beacon is off/stby condition. For repairing operations at local site, the following items are required: − tool kit and spare fuses, supplied with the beacon;


Page 13

Chapter - 1


− digital voltmeter; − spare modules, especially those which are not redundant on the beacon such as LCSU, AFI ; − IBM compatible Personal Computer (Lap/Palm top) provided with video, keyboard, 3.5" disk drive, cable

for connection to the beacon, printer and startup diskette.

1.3.1.1

Protecti on Devices

Fuses are employed to protect the BCPS unit and the PWS, TX and TKW (DME435 only) modules; their features are listed in table 5-2.

Table 5-2. List of f uses Module

TYPE OF FUSE

Q.TY

NOTE

BCPS/pcs

10 A type T (6.3 x 32)

2

2 A type T (6,3 x 32)

1

Placed on terminal boards of the transponders 48 Vdc power supply line. They are located on the terminal board

10A type T (6.3 x 32) 2 A type T (6,3 x 32)

2 2

Inline Fuse-holders

6 A type T (5 x 20)

1

48 Vdc line - Placed on PBA of PWS module

TX

3A solder type

1

48 Vdc line - Placed on PBA of TX module

TKW

6A solder type

1

48 Vdc line - Placed on PBA of TKW module

BCPS/Frako PWS

1.3.2

Troubl eshooti ng Procedures

1.3.2.1

Diagnostics

The diagnostics can be run, upon command from the operator (remote or local site), either in automatic mode or in manual mode to check the efficiency of the transponder connected to the dummy load by carrying out a sequence of tests. Since both monitors are used for the tests, these monitors and the power supply modules are checked before all the other modules. Any possible faults are indicated with appropriate error messages displayed on the video of the PC from which the diagnostics has been activated. 1.3.2.1.1

Primary Voltages

The local or remote operator may obtain only the information relating to the site, where the equipment is standing. Remember what follows: The type of power provided to the beacon is clearly indicated on the PC video (POWER:MAINS and POWER:BATT. messages). If the mains power fails the beacon will be switched to battery power supply and its operation will not be interrupted: the POWER:BATT. message will appear on the video. A protracted mains failure may lead to battery depletion and to a resulting interruption of beacon operation. 50 A/h batteries standard autonomy is approx. 8 hours; it is therefore advisable to check the external electrical panel breaker should the mains failure protract for more than 4 hours. If both mains and battery power supplies fail, the PC video will be in initialization request message by the equipment displayed on the PC video.


Page 14

Chapter - 1

1.3.2.1.2


Stabilized Power Supplies

The operator may obtain only the information relating to the site, local or remote, where he is standing.

Remote Site A faulty AC/DC module in the BCPS unit is indicated by the relevant warning message AC/DC FAULTY, on PC monitor .The POWER:BATT. message may be visualized if there is no power from the mains, or also if both AC/DC modules are faulty. WARNING Before removing the housing of AC/DC module waiting for about 1 minute after shoot-down the supply and removing the line connections Failure of the PWS, TX, TKW modules is indicated by message of warning and may be visualized the value of regulate voltages. Local Site A faulty AC/DC module in the BCPS unit may be detected through the green LED on the front of the module. The faulty PWS module may be detected by the corresponding green LED off. In this case, proceed as follows: reset the module by pushing the appropriate pushbutton, check and if necessary replace the module fuse and, if the malfunction can not be eliminated, replace the module. The correct operation of the TX and TKW (DME435 only) module DC/DC converters is indicated by the corresponding green LEDs which should be on if the corresponding transponder is set to OPERATING. 1.3.2.2

I/O Syst em

The parts of the I/O system that could result faulty are listed below, starting with the most probable: − CSB module in the LCSU unit; − INC module in the LCSU unit; − I/O panel (connectors on top of the cabinet); − interconnecting cables and connectors.

Diagnostics is essentially based on checking the indications provided by the front panel of INC module. Some of the more common cases are described below. a.

No indication or command possible Probably a power failure: check the voltage (+5V) of CSB module. If the measured value is +5V ± 5%, the fault is probably on the CSB or INC board, or the connection cable.

b.

Green OPERATION indicator in LCSU section switches off. Probable hardware or software fault on CSB board; this condition is also caused by <4.7 V power supplies.

c.

Yellow WARNING indicator switches on in LCSU section. A hardware fault in RTC (Real Time Clock) circuit on CSB board.

d.

Red DATA COM indicator switches on in MAIN STATUS section. Indicates no communication between LCSU unit and the equipment modules. This condition may be caused by faults in the serial port circuit on CSB board, or the interconnecting cables and connectors.

Before replacing the CSB board, make these two tests:


Page 15

Chapter - 1


a.

Press the LAMP TEST pushbutton located in the LCSU section and verify the indicators are working properly.

b.

Shut down all the equipment from the control panel then switches on again after a few seconds.

If the fault persists, replace the CSB board since the failure is not caused by a transient fault condition. The INC board can be indirectly tested through the LAMP TEST. By verifying that the individual indicators and buzzers are operating and using the control push-buttons, check they are working efficiently. If the indications and commands are correct on the PC and the corresponding indications are different on the INC module, there may be an INC board fault or the configuration made is not correct. The serial and parallel ports I/O can be checked by verifying the ON/OFF levels using the Hardware Test described in section 3 para 3.2.2.1.3. Item [3] of the main menu displays the HARDWARE TEST command that can be used to test all the parallel line inputs and outputs and all the serial channels either separately or in groups. Cable or connector faults are unlikely to occur. When they are present, a visual inspection will often indicate where a cable has been damaged.

1.3.3

Modules Replacement Procedures

All the modules may be removed and installed without removing power. The special design of the connector that supplies power to each module prevents damage to the electronics from occurring. Modules replacement is made easier thanks to the plug-in technique and to the upper and lower extractors every module. To extract these modules, lift the extractors (push them towards the inside of the beacon) and pull the module out of its guides. To reconnect the module, reinsert it back in its guides, push it in and lower the extractors. Several of the modules have jumper switches on their printed circuit boards. It is essential to check that the switches or jumpers on the new PBA are set to the same positions as on the old module. Section 2 "INSTALLATION" contains the list of the jumpers. Modules with extractors do not require any special operations for their replacement, except for the DPX and TKW modules which requires unscrewing the proper front screws. Outline drawing are shown in this section For other modules, not proved with extractors and requiring particular procedures, proceed as described below. NOTE: Check that all the RF cables have been connected correctly before switching the transmitter on again, and make sure that either the antenna or a dummy load is connected On some modules are scheduled opportune trimmers that are factory adjusted: they must not be tampered with, if the maximum precision of system wants to be obtained.


Page 16

Chapter - 1


he following table shows the procedures for to obtain the better performance during the modules replacement Table 5-3. Procedures check during the modules replacement Module Led and TP Trimmer

Procedures check

MON

Fig. 5.20 Tab. 5-5

P6

To adjust trimmer P6 as para 2.6.4.2.2 "Measurement calibration of the TRANSMITTED POWER (radiated)" of the section 2 Installation On PC to verifier the parameters from menu CHECK: "Routine check - on monitors" and "monitor self check". Parameters measures must not exceed given limits.

PWS

Fig. 5.5 Tab. 5-4

-

Repeat the check as to para. 5.2.5.8

RX

Fig. 5.11 Tab. 5-4

-

On PC, to verifier the parameters from menu CHECKS: "Executive Monitoring" e/o "Routine check" - TRX on Antenna. Especially verify the following parameters: Transmission frequency, Adjacent channel rejection, Echo suppression, Reply efficiency, Reply delay, sensitivity, dead time, Identity Code. Parameters measures must not exceed given limits.

TX

Fig. 5.11 Tab. 5-6

P3

Fine adjust adjusted)

RF power level for calibration of RF Power out (factory

Repeat the check as to para. 5.2.5.8 for the power supply regulated voltages On PC, to verifier the parameters from menu CHECKS: "Executive Monitoring" e/o "Routine check " - TRX on Antenna. Especially verify the following parameters: Peak power Out, Pulse shape, Pulse spacing, Transmitter frequency, Transmitter power, Transmission rate, Reply delay, Identity code. Parameters measures must not exceed given limits. TKW

DPX

Fig. 5.21 Tab. 5-10

-

Repeat the check as to para. 5.2.5.8 for the power supply regulated voltages On PC, to verifier the parameters from menu CHECKS: "Executive Monitoring" e/o "Routine check" - TRX on Antenna. Especially verify the following parameters: Peak power Out, Pulse shape, Pulse spacing, Transmitter frequency, Transmitter power, Transmission rate, Reply delay, Identity code. Parameters measures must not exceed given limits. On PC, to verifier the parameters from menu CHECKS: "Executive Monitoring" e/o "Routine check" - TRX on Antenna. Parameters measures must not exceed given limits.

DPR

Fig. 5.13 Tab. 5-7

On PC, to verifier the parameters from menu CHECKS: "Executive Monitoring" e/o "Routine check" - TRX on Antenna Parameters measures must not exceed given limits.

DMD

Fig. 5.15 Tab. 5-8

On PC, to verifier the parameters from menu CHECKS: "Executive Monitoring" e/o "Routine check" - TRX on Antenna Parameters measures must not exceed given limits.

AC/DC Fig. 5.23 Tab. 5-12

Repeat the check as to para. 5.2.5.8 f or the 54V power supply


Page 17

Chapter - 1


To replace, proceed as follows: 1.3.3.1

TX Modul e

Extract or insert it when the transponder is not set to OPERATING. 1.3.3.2

1

TKW Modul e (DME435 onl y)

Make sure the transponder to which the module is associated is off/stby, then proceed as follows: a)

disconnect the coax cables of the two RF OUT of TKW module and RF IN of DPX module connectors;

b)

loosen the four screws (two on each up and lower side);

c)

remove the module by means of two handles knobs.

1.3.3.3

DPX Modul e

a)

disconnect the coax cables of the two RF OUT and RF IN connectors

b)

loosen the four screws (two on each up and lower side);

c)

remove the module

1.3.3.4

Local Control status Unit - LCSU

The modules are fastened with screws and screw-threaded supports. The INC board, fastened on the front metallic plate, supports the CSB board (figure 5.2) Front panel

INC Module

CSB Module

M22

M32

LCSU Unit - Lateral side view

M53

Figure 5.2. LCSU - Lateral Side View of PBA' s 1.3.3.4.1

CSB Module

From the back of the beacon front door, remove the cable connectors relating to CSB board NOTE The M18 power supply connector must always be removed first and inserted last. The modules must be extracted or inserted keeping them parallel to the front panel (to avoid connector pins warping) After replacement of the CSB board, the I/O system has to be reconfigured. Loosen the ten printed circuit screws; remember that M21/M17 plug-in connector from CSB module is used for the signal and power supply connections between the CSB and INC modules.


Page 18

Chapter - 1

1.3.3.4.1.1


Battery replacement

To back up data in the non-volatile random-access memory (RAM) in case of a voltage drop, the subassemblies LCSU/CSB contain NI_CD batteries. The battery voltage is checked by the BITE of the system. The individual batteries are soldered to the PCB. The battery back up function is enabled via jumpers (M1 of Figure 2.19 section 2)set during first setup or before replacing the respective PCB. Contents of the RAM will be lost when the jumper is opened which enables battery voltage to the RAM device. Always observe the label on the battery. The battery has to be replaced by the same battery type. The presence of dirt or moisture on the board can increase the battery current consumption and decrease the battery life. It’s also necessary to check that the solder side of the board does not contact the conductive plane, in order to avoid short-circuits or excessive current consumption. If replacement of the battery is necessary, attention must be paid to the correct polarity as well as the electrical characteristics of the new battery (see CSB board layout - component ref.: BAT1). Replace the battery when the voltage is < 3Vdc, reading on proper terminals without the 5V power supply on the card. A soldering iron with a grounded soldering tip should be used. Remove M1 jumper during the battery replacement Re-tin the soldering tags of the new battery in order to ensure a good soldered connection WARNING Do not recharge, disassemble, heat above 100°C, burn the cell. Do not short-circuit or solder directly on the cell. Violation of the rules regarding the use of rechargeable batteries may cause risk of fire, explosion, toxic liquid and gas to leak out. These batteries must be eliminated with proper precautions.

1.3.3.4.2

INC Module

To remove the board, loosen the two screws and six columns on the CSB board. 1.3.3.5

COAX Relay assemb ly

Make sure the transponder is off/stby Loosen the ten screws located on top of cabinet Disconnect the coax cables connectors as follows: 1. "N" connector on DPX's modules 2. "SMA" connector on Dummy Load 1.3.3.6

I/O Panel

Loosen the ten screws located on top of cabinet On rear of panel, it is possible to replace the connector or the flat cable damaged 1.3.3.7

AC/DC Modul e

− loosen the four front screws; − remove the module.


Page 19

Chapter - 1

1.3.4


Adju stm ent Power Reading

Figure 5.3. Screen of correct measurement by Monito r 1 & 2 To adjust value of Peak Pow er Output (see figure 5.3) you have to change the following value of preset: - MON1 Power Adj - MON2 Power Adj The range value is from –100 to +100. See figure5.4.

Figure 5.4. Screen of configuration f or power reading adjustment To adjust value of Transmitted Power for both monitors, you have to change the values of preset. See figure 5.4 - Monitor Cable Loss - Antenna Probe Coupling There is also a possibility to adjust value of power for each monitor, so you can align monitor1 with monitor2 by TRIMMER P6 on monitor board. NOTE: Be careful !!! !

Don’t touch any other TRIMMER on moni tor board


Page 20

Chapter - 1


1.3.5

Test Points and Led

The external test points (and LED position), to be found on the front of the beacon modules (see figures5.5; 5.4; 5.11; 5.13, 5.14; 5.15; 5.20; 5.21; 5.22; 5.23) and the lists are on tables: 5-4 to 5-12. The LED on beacon modules are listed in section 3, on table 3-7 and shown in figures 3.31 to 3.33 1.3.6

Waveform

Significant wave shapes relating to the test points are on the following pages. The DME 415 & DME 435 equipments spectrum (typical) of the transmitted signal are shown in figures 5.24a. and 5.20b respectively. For every wave shape and for each scope channel the following information is given: scale used (in V/div), time base (in µs/div or in ms/div) and test point providing the synchronization signal, if an external synchronization signal is used for the measurement. If there is no synchronization indication, the synchronization is internal. P W S

Table 5-4. Power Supply PWS module - External test po ints PWS FAULTY (red) LED

TEST POINT

DESCRIPTION

TP1

Used to check for +5 V stabilized voltage. Typical value: 5,1 ± 0,1V

TP2

Used to check for +15 V stabilized voltage. . Typical value: +15± 0,2V

TP3

Used to check for −15 V stabilized voltage. . Typical value: -15± 0,2V

TP4

GND

INPUT (green)

RESET

SW1

TP1 +5V TP2 +15V TP3 -15V

Test points

GND

I1

Reset Pushbutton

- Check operation for verifier transient failure of module, when red led is lighted.

Power Supply PWS

PBA

Figure 5.5. PWS module outline – Test point and LED M O N

Table 5-5. Monitor s MON modu le - External t est poi nts WATCH DOG (red)

TEST POINT AN11

RESET

DESCRIPTION

IDENTITY (green) LED

H MORCO – Identity Code - Detected identified Morse code signal.

AN34

OUT MUX - ADC input signals - RF pulses detected from antenna probes

AN23

A MOD –Analog signals of the interrogation Modulation

AN 71

MEAS. SYNC. - Signal trigger on oscilloscope for BITE measurement .

AN2

LM INT - Start generation and acquisition signal. Trigger on oscilloscope for check Executive Monitoring measurements.

AN45

TRX ALARM (yellow) MON FTY (red) EXEC. MON (green)

AN11 (H MORCO) AN34 OUT MUX AN23 A MOD AN71 MEAS SYNC AN2 LM INT

Test points

AN45 GND

Monitor MON

GND

PBA

RF circuits Casting

Figure 5.6. MON module outl ine – Test point and LED


Page 21

Chapter - 1


CH1-ext trigger –Test Point.=AN71

CH2-63 MHz DET – Test Point internal

CH3-ADC Input – Test Point = AN34 interrogation signal

Reply Delay


CH3-ADC Input – Test Point = AN34 Reply detected by monitor

Figure 5.7. MON module – Waveform mo nito r: X mode Interrogati on


Page 22

Chapter - 1



CH3-VTF signal – Test Point = internal

CH2- ON/OFF 63MHz enable – Test Point AN43

Figure 5.8. MON modu le – Waveform mon ito r self-check: At tenuators check



CH2- ON/OFF 63MHz enabl.– Test Point AN 43

CH1-ADC Input – Test Point = AN34

Figure 5.9. MON module – Waveform mo nito r self-check: Y mode Interrogation


Page 23

Chapter - 1




CH2- ON/OFF 63MHz enabl.– Test Point AN 43

CH1-ADC Input – Test Point = AN34

Figure 5.10. MON module – Waveform mon ito r self-check : CALIBRATION Delay NOTE - Optional H-MON - Hardware Monitor: see “ANNEX E” in this vol.1 Table 5-6. Receivers RX modu le - External test p oint s TEST POINT AN51

DESCRIPTION TOA Time of Arrival signal (N.U.).

AN

OCV analog - On Channel Validation analog signals pair pulses

AN

OCV Trigg. - On Channel Validation trigger gate digital signals

AN19

LOG N - Detected log signal output.

AN20

LOG-P - N.U.

AN7

CAL - Gate during pilot pulse Calibration. Signal trigger for log detected measurement on oscilloscope

AN18

GND

R X

AN51 TOA AN 52 OCV-TR AN 7 L-CAL

Test points AN19 LOG N AN20 LOG P AN57 OCV AN18 GND

CH1-Log N Test Point.=AN19 -90dBm interrog. level

Receiver RX PBA

RF and IF circuits casting

Figure 5.11. RX module outline – Test point and LED Figure 5.10a. RX mod ule – LOG N wavefo rm Y mode


Page 24

Chapter - 1


CH1-Log N Test Point.=AN19 -30dBm interrog. level

Figure 5.12b. RX module – LOG N waveform X mode Table 5-7. Digital Process or DPR module - External test poi nts TEST POINT

DESCRIPTION

AN20

SQI - Squitter pulses

AN19

DPNPSQ - Squitter/reply pulses

AN18

DAEDT - Dead time signal gate

AN17

MORCO - Used to check Morse code identity

AN32

LOG - Remake log Rx signal from internal DAC

AN13

OVRL - Transmission rate overload frequency (4800 Hz)

AN56

GND

AN16

SPINH - Spacing Inhibit (minimum squitter spacing)

AN15

IDT - Identity frequency (1350 Hz)

D P R

IDENT.(yellow)

AN52

TRGOUT - Output trigger delay-compare comparator

AN40

TOA N - TOA Output digital trigger

AN39

MOD ST - Modulation start

AN5

MD - Main delay gate

AN7

HRXINH - Gate Rx inhibit during transmitted pulse

AN1

CAL - Calibration gate for scope trigger used to check pilot pulse signal

AN41

SQIDBP - Squitter-Identity (gate enable calibration pilot pulse)

AN9

GF – Gate former decoded

AN43

GND

AN11

AGRDW - N.U. (Automatic gain reduction down)

AN10

AGREN - N.U. (Automatic gain reduction enable)

AN59

NPR - Dc level of presetting Rx sensitivity.

AN51

TH COMP - Threshold TOA signal comparator

AN50

DISCH - Discharge gate TOA signal

AN57

DISAB - Disable TOA signal

AN55,AN54,AN14

N.U.

Test points

PBA

LED

AN20 AN19 AN18 AN17 AN32 AN13 AN56

SQI DPNPSQ DEADT MORCO LOG OVRL GND

AN16 AN55 AN15 AN54 AN14 AN52

SPINH N.U. IDT N.U. N.U. TRGOUT

AN40 TOA N AN39 MOD ST AN5 MD AN7 HRXINH AN1 CAL AN41 SQIDBP AN9 GF AN43 GND AN11 AGRDW AN10 AGREN AN59 NPR AN51 TH_COMP AN50 DISCH AN57 DISAB

Digital Processor DPR

Figure 5.13. DPR modul e outline – Test poi nt and LED


Page 25

Chapter - 1


0 2 N A

9 1 N A

8 1 N A

7 1 N A 2 3 N A

4 D R

6 5 N A

6 1 N A

4 5 1 1 N N A A 5 4 2 5 5 5 N N N A A A

5 N A

0 4 N A

9 3 N A

8 N A

7 N A

8 4 N A

1 N A

1 4 N A

9 N A

1 1 N A

0 1 N A

3 4 N A

1 5 N A

0 5 N A

7 5 N A

9 5 N A

Figure 5.14. DPR module – Test poi nt pos iti on

Table 5-8. Digital Modul ator DMD modul e - External test p oint s TEST POINT

DESCRIPTION

AN5

Trigger - N.U. (used to check specific maintenance measurement)

AN24

RF ON - Gate RF transmitter enable

AN23

LRX INH - Gate Rx inhibit

AN26

MOD N - Modulation pulse (gaussian and pedestal waveform)

AN10

CALIB - Gate calibration of pilot pulse

AN39

GND

D M D

PBA

WDOG (red) MOD (green) CAL (green)

LED

COD (green) CHK (green)

Test points

AN5 TRIG AN24 RF ON AN23 RXINH AN26 MOD N AN10 CALIB AN39 GND

Modulator

DMD

Figu re 5.15. DMD module outline – Test point and LED Figu re 5.16. DMD module – Waveform , X mod e


Page 26

Chapter - 1


Figure 5.17a. DMD mod ule – Wavefor m, Y mod e Table 5-9. Transmitt er /driver TX module - External test po int s TEST POINT

DESCRIPTION

AN17

DC/DC converter regulated voltage - 100 W 50V/transmitter-40V/driver)

module (typical values:

AN13

V MOD - Video Modulation Voltage (gaussian and pedestal waveform).

AN12

N.U. (Mod P)

AN11

MOD SQR - Modulation square gate

AN7

RF DET - Output RF detected signal .

AN21

GND

Figure 5.18. TX mod ule – Wavefor m – X mod e


Page 27

Chapter - 1


DC/DC converter

T X

Heat Sink

RF PROT (red) RF ON (green)

LED

DC/DC ON (green)

AN17 DC/DC OUT AN13 V MOD AN12 MOD P - N.U. AN11 MOD SQR AN7 RF DET

Test points

AN21 GND

Transmitter/driver

PBA

TX

Figure 5.19b. TX modul e – Waveform – Y mode RF circuits casting

Figure 5.20. TX modul e outline – Test poin t and LED

Table 5-10. RF 1KW Ampli fier TKW mo dule (onl y DME 435) - External test poin ts TEST POINT

DESCRIPTION

AN1

200W DC/DC regulated voltage; output value: 50V ±0,5V

AN2

Used to verify the absorption c urrent of the final driver RF power amplifier; typical value measured between AN2 and the reference point AN1. Typical value: ≤350 mV (conversion factor 1 mV/1 mA).

AN3

Similar to AN2 but used to verify the current of the first power amplifier final.

AN4

Similar to A N2 but used to verify the current of the second power am plifier final.

AN5

Similar to AN2 but used to verify the current of the third power amplifier final.

AN6

Similar to AN2 but used to verify the current of the fourth power amplifier final.

AN7

Used to verify the detected RF signal output by the TKW module.

AN8

GND


Page 28

Chapter - 1


1 KW Transmitter Amplifier

TKW

RF PROT (red) RF ON (green)

LED

DC/DC ON (green)

Test points

AN AN AN AN AN AN AN

DC/DC OUT V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 RF DET

AN GND

Figu re 5.21. TKW


module outline – Test point and LED

Page 29

Chapter - 1


Table 5-11. CSB Module Test Points TEST POINT

DESCRIPTION

AN1

INTSCC0-Interrupt serial Communic. Controller -TTL level

AN2

BT1- Backup battery -3.6 V nom; 5 V full charge; 2.8 V depleted

AN3

Freq. Xtal Q1 - 14745.6 kHz - pseudo-sine wave

AN4

VBAC - RTC supply voltage 3.6 V with standard load

AN5

BRG - Baud Rate Generator - Frequency = 7,372,800 Hz

AN6

WR - CPU Write -

AN7

RD - CPU Read -

AN8

BATF - BT1 Battery defective or depleted Normal = Flag High

AN9

AN2 BT1 AN8 BATF

Watchdog green led AN1 INTSCC

AN4 VBAC

GND

TX line green led AN5 BRG

RX line green led

AN7 CPU READ

CPU RESET Pushbutton

AN9 GND

AN3 Freq. Q1

AN6 CPU WRITE

Figure 5.22. CSB Module – Test poi nt pos iti on


Page 30

Chapter - 1


Table 5-12. AC/DC Modul e Test Point s TEST POINT TP+/ TP-

V Adj

DESCRIPTION Used to verify 54 Vout voltage.

Output voltage adjustment : ± 1 V max variation (53 to 55 Vdc)

Module OK V adj -

+ TP -

Mains OK

AC/DC

Figure 5.23. ACDC modu le – Test po ints and LED outli ne


Page 31

Chapter - 1


ERP (Effective Radiated Power) Typical value: 50 dBmp considering: antenna gain = 9dB and cable loss = 0dB

5 3 2

Figure 5.24a). DME 415 -Typical tr ansmit ted spectru m sign al


Page 32

Chapter - 1


ERP (Effective Radiated Power) Typical value: 60 dBmp considering: antenna gain = 9dB and cable loss = 0dB

46 dB 63 dB

5 3 3

800kHz

2MHz

800kHz

2MHz

Figure 5.20b). DME 435 -Typical transmi tted spectr um sig nal


Page 33

Acronyms and Glossary

ACRONYMS and GLOSSARY SIGNALS LA BEL Each signal is identified with a label whose length is limited by 8 characters. The first character always indicates the type of signal:

First character 

NOTE

A = Analog signal



D = General digital signal with two any voltage level



L = Digital signal, active low



H = Digital signal, active high



CK = System clock or signal processing clock



R = RF signal



P = General power supply, including ground

Either the high level, the low level or the transition can be active (e.g. RS-232 signal, watch-dog, measure frequency, etc.)

Characters from 2 to 8 indicate the signal label. In case of balanced digital signals the last character is followed by T (True) for "normal" signal or by F (false) for "complemented" signal. In case of analog signals with "hot" side and "cold" side, the last character is followed by H (High) and L (Low) respectively. If two signals have to be exchanged (e.g. TX and RX signals of an RS-xxx line) between two similar back panels, TX and RX must be shown on the label. E.g.: DC4T-MR = Digital (D), CSB (C), Port 4 (4), TX (T), DMD (M), RX (R) - this label indicates a signal connecting the CSB TX output to the DMD RX input.

ACRONYM LIST (in alphabetical order) Power supply: • • • • • • • • • • • •

•

P+151AT1/2 P+151BT1/2 P+15T1/2 P+48BT1/2 P+51AT1/2 P+5T1/2 P+HVDPX P+5IBT1/2 P-15IAT1/2 P-15IBT1/2 P-15T1/2 PGND PRETBT

+15V Transponder 1/2 (Interface A Output) +15V Transponder 1/2 (Interface B Output) +15V Transponder 1/2 (Main Output) +48V Battery for Transponder 1/2 +5V Transponder 1/2 (Interface A Output) +5V Transponder 1/2 (Main Output) + High Voltage for DPX +5V Transponder 1/2 (Interface B Output) -15V Transponder 1/2 (Interface A Output) -15V Transponder 1/2 (Interface B Output) -15V Transponder 1/2 (Main Output) GND (connected to back-panel GND) Battery Return


Page 34


RF Signals: • • • • • • • • • • •

RANT RANTP1/2 RDL RDPXPM RDPXPMR RDPXPR RRX RSYNTH RTKW RTRP RTX

Antenna Antenna Probe 1/2 Dummy Load Duplexer Probe Monitor (Local) Duplexer Probe Monitor (Remote) Duplexer Pilot Receiver Receiver Synthesizer Power Amplifier Transponder Transmitter

RS-232 Signals: •

• • • • •

• •

CD CTS DSR DTR RD RI RTS TD

Carrier Detect Clear To Send Data Set Ready Data Terminal Ready Receiver Data Ring Indicator Request To Send Transmit Data

Signals with di fferent meanings :

- a3

DGND for FACE, RANTEC Antenna; LEHRDI for SEL Antenna

- a4

DGND for FACE, RANTEC Antenna; LESFTL for SEL Antenna

- a5

DFFRQB for FACE Antenna; DRFRQI for RANTEC Antenna

- a8

DGND for FACE Antenna; HEREML for SEL Antenna; DRPWRT for RANTEC Antenna

- a9

HETACL for SEL Antenna; DGND for RANTEC Antenna

- a12

LESHDL for SEL Antenna; LRRES for RANTEC Antenna

- c3

LFAMHA for FACE Antenna; LEHRDH for SEL Antenna; HRALSTB for RANTEC Antenna

- c4

LFAMSA for FACE Antenna; LESFTH for SEL Antenna; HRALSTE for RANTEC Antenna

- c5

DFFRQA for FACE Antenna; DRFRQK for RANTEC Antenna;

- c6

DFFRQC for FACE Antenna;


Page 35


DRFRQM for RANTEC Antenna

- c8

HFANTON for FACE Antenna; HEREMH for SEL Antenna; DRPWRU for RANTEC Antenna

c9

HETACH for SEL Antenna; LRDME for RANTEC Antenna

st

Various signals (1 character in alphabetical order): A+S -15T A+S15T A+S5T AGNDAX

+ Sense -15VT - Analog signal of the mains connecting to the PGND on the Back Panel + Sense 15VT - Analog signal of the mains connecting to the P+15T on the Back Panel + Sense 5VT - Analog

signal of the power supply connecting to the P+5T on the Back Panel

Analog GND for Aux trigger - Analog ground. It is the screen of twisted wire of the Aux trigger signal (H/L) come from the antenna; it becomes PGND on the TAI

AGNDNT

Analog GND for North Trigger - Analog

AKWDETH/L,1/2

Power-Amplifier-Detector - High/Low, TRX1/2 Analog signal from the output detector of the TKW Final Amplifier(1/2) and sent to its own DMD through a hot (H) and a cold (L) wire for modulation check

AKWDIAH/L

Power-Amplifier Diagnostic - High/Low Analog signal of the TKW Diagnostic Bus sent to the DMD

ground. It is the screen of twisted wire of the North trigger signal (H/L) come from the antenna; it becomes PGND on the TAI

through a hot (H) and a cold (L) wire. According to the Mux address on the TKW, the following signals are selected: Addr

Signal

0

TKW_TMP

Heat sink temperature

1

TKW_VCC

Final stages power supply voltage

ALOGD-NF/T

Logarithmic N Digital, False/True - Balanced analog signal (normal = T; complemented = F) from the RX (narrow Band out) and sent to the diagnostic Mux of the DMD

ALOGD-PF/T

Logarithmic P Digital, False/True - Balanced analog signal (normal = T; complemented = F) from the RX (large Band out) and sent to the diagnostic Mux of the DMD

ALOG-NF/T

Logarithmic N, False/True - Balanced analog signal (normal = T; complemented = F) come from the RX (narrow Band out) and sent to the TOA of the DPR

ALOG-PF/T

Logarithmic P, False/True - Balanced analog signal (normal = T; complemented = F) come from the RX

AMOD-NH/L

(large Band out) and sent to the TOA of the DPP Modulation-N pulse - High/Low Analog signal with hot (H) and cold (L) wire from the DMD and sent to the TX to modulate the final stage driver with the gaussian pulse

AMOD-PH/L

Modulation-P pulse - High/Low Analog

APPWAH/L

signal with hot (H) and cold (L) wire from the DMD and sent to the TX (pin diode modulator) to perform the cut on the gaussian pulse P Processor Diagnostic - High/Low Analog signal with hot (H) and cold (L) wire of the DPP Diagnos tic

Bus. According to the Mux address on the DPP, the

following signals are selected:

Addr Signal

ARXDIAH/L A-S15T

Receiver Diagnostic - High/Low RX - Diagnostic Bus analog signal. It is used for the VTF voltage only (Voltage Tuned Filter); the value of the measured voltage is the one of the VTF divided by10 - Sense 15VT - Analog signal of the mains connecting to the PGND on the Back Panel

A-S-15T

- Sense -15VT - Analog

A-S5T

- Sense 5VT - Analog

ATRGAH/L

ATXDETH/L

Trigger Auxiliary High/Low - Bi-polar analog signal with hot (H) and cold (L) wire from the antenna and sent to the TAI for transformation in LTRG135 Trigger North High/Low - Bi-polar analog signal with hot (H) and cold (L) wire from the antenna and sent to the TAI for transformation in LTRG15 Transmitter Detector High/Low - Analog signal from the TX (1/2) output detector and sent to the

DA0/6E1/2

Address 0/6 - External from TRP1/2 Digital signals of the Address Bus connecting the DMD to the

ATRGNTH/L

signal of the mains connecting to the P-15T on the Back Panel

signal of the power supply connecting to the PGND on the Back Panel

DMD through a hot (H) and cold (L) wire for modulation co ntrol DPP, DPR, TX, TKW cards


Page 36

RX,


DAF-SELH/L

Associated facility Selection, High/Low - Signal from remote operator; hot wire H, cold wire L. It is received through an optoisolator. It selects which one of the two AF (Associated Facili ties) is active If the selection of AF2 is obtained with a current flow in the input circuit the installation cable connector must be inserted in AF2 (default condition); otherwise it must be inserted in AF1 Associated Facility Status -This digital signal indicates the AF status (Normal/Faulty). The match of the logic level to the AF status is set via SW by the equipment operator

DAF-ST DAF-STH/L1/2

Associated Facility 1/2 Status High/Low - Signal

DBC-AIM

Beacon Degraded AIM - Digital

(only DME/P)

DBC-IAMH/L1/2 (only DME/P)

DBC-OK DBC-OKH/L1/2

from the AF. It is received through an optoisolator and indicates the AF status (Normal/Faulty); hot wire H, cold wire L; (see DAF-ST)

signal generated by the DMD when the TRP is degraded to IAM. The match of the logic level to the status of Beacon Degraded is set via SW by the equipment operator

Beacon Degraded IAM High/Low AF1/2 - Optoisolated

signal sent from the AFI to the AF1 and

AF2; hot wire H, cold wire l; (see DBC-IAM)

Beacon OK - Digital signal generated by the DMD when the TRP does not indicate alert. The match of the logic level to the status of Beacon OK is set via SW by the equipment operator Beacon OK High/Low AF1/2 - Optoisolated signal sent from the AFI to AF1 and A F2; hot wire H, cold wire L; (see DBC-OK)

DC4T-MRF/T

CSB port 4 Tx, DMD Rx False/True (RS-485) - RS-485

signal, normal (T) or complemented (F);

it connects the CSB gate 4 (TX side) with the DMD (RX side)

DCK10ME

Clock 10 ms (100 Hz) - External

100 Hz digital signal. It is generated by the DMD uP clock and is sent

to the DPR as Keyer clock

DCK20E

Clock 20 MHz - External - 20 MHz digital signal. It is generated by the DMD quartz and sent to the DPR and DPP

DCK40E

Clock 40 MHz - External 40 MHz digital signal. It is generated by the

DCMD0/2-T

Command 0/2 Tx- Digital signals (0/2) from the MON and sent to the DMD. By

DMD quartz and sent to the DPP means of these three

signals the TX commands are coded according to following: CMD2 CMD1 CMD0 0 0 0 Not allowed (TRP off) 0 0 1 TRP Stand-by 0 1 0 TRP Operating 0 1 1 Not allowed (TRP Off) 1 0 0 TRP Operating Degraded IAM (only DME/P EQPT) TRP Operating in DME Only (only TACAN EQPT) 1 0 1 Not Allowed (TRP Off) 1 1 1 Not Allowed (TRP Off) 1 1 1 TRP Off

DCMD0/2TR

Command 0/2 TX to DMD Remote - Same as in DCMD0/2-T but sent to the DMD remote

DCMD0/2TRR

Command 0/2 TX from MON Remote - Same as in DCMD0/2-T but from the MON remote

DCOA0/1

Clock Of Arrival 0/1- Digital signals (0/1) from the DPP and sent to the DMD. By means of these two signals the acknowledgement instant of the interrogating pair P is coded. The code refers to one of the four parts in which the 20 MHz clock period is divided into according the following table: DCA0 0 1 0 1

DCA1 0 0 1 1

part 1 2 3 4

DCRMON1/2

CSB Rx from MON 1/2 (RS-232) - RS-232 signal from the MON1/2 (Tx) and sent to the CSB (Rx)

DCTMON1/2

CSB Tx to MON 1/2 (RS-232) - RS-232 signal from the CSB (Tx) and sent

DD0/ TT

Data D0/7 TAI Transm - Digital

DD0/7E1/2

to the MON1/2 (Rx)

signals of the Data Bus connecting the TAI (Tx) to the DMD (Rx); particularly, the following bits have this meaning: - DD5TT = HAMSA = Ant Mon Soft Alarm - DD6TT = HAMHA = Ant Mon Hard Alarm - DD7TT = HEINT = Elta ant Interrupt (only TACAN beacon)

Data D0/7, External from TRP1/2 - Bi-directional digital signals of the Data Bus connecting the DMD to the RX, DPP, DPR, TX, TKW cards

DD0/7TR

Data D0/7 TAI Recvr - Digital

DDPRDIA

DPR Diagnostic - DPR

signals of the Data Bus connecting the TAI (Rx) to the DMD (Tx)

Diagnostic Bus digital signal. According to the Mux address on the DPR, the


Page 37


following signals are selected: Addr Signal 0 MDGN Main Delay Gate N 1 IDT Identity Frequency 2 M-INT Monitor Interrogation 3 M-INTR Monitor Interrogation Remote 4 DT Dead Time 5 SQ Squitter 6 LAE Long Anti Echo 7 DECT Decoded Pulse 8 DPN Delayed Pulse N 9 DPN+P Delayed Pulse N + P (only DME/P eqpt) 10 BTRG Burst Trigger (only TACAN eqpt) 11 TRG15 Trigger 15 Hz (only TACAN eqpt) 12 TRG135 Trigger 135 Hz (only TACAN eqpt) 13 SQINH Squitter Inhibit 14 OVLD FRQ Overload Frequency 15 DPN+P+SQ Delayed Pulse N + P + Squitter

DFFRQA/C

Face Antenna Frequency band - A/C Active High Digital Signal. It is sent from the TAI to the antenna and is used for selecting the antenna work band according to the following table: DFRQA

DFRQDIV

DFRQB

DFRQC

Channel

Frequency

+5

0

0

1/63X; 64/89Y

962/1050 MHz

0

+5

0

90/126Y; 1/63Y

1052/1150 MHz

0

0

+5

Divided Frequency -

64/126X

1151/1213 MHz

Digital signal. It is generated by the local RX and represents the transmission

frequency/256

DFRQDIVR

Divided Frequency -

Remote Digital signal. It is generated by the remote RX and represents the

transmission frequency/256

DGND DGNDxx

Digital GND - Digital ground. It is used as return or screen of digital signals. It may also not be connected to the ground Digital GND xx MHz clock - Digital ground. It is used as return or clock signals screen.

It may also not

be connected to the ground

DGNDxxM

Digital GND xx ms clock - Digital ground. It is used as return or clock signals screen.

It may also not


DIDFAF DIDFAF1/2H/L

Identification from Associated Facility - Digital signal from the AFI and sent to the DPR; the polarity for the up to read this identification signal ,come from µP, is set by the operatorduring the initializing procedure of the equipment Ident From Assoc Facility 1/2 - High/Low Digital signal from the AF (1/2) and sent to the AFI through a hot (H) and a cold (L) cable, both optoisolated

DIDTAF

Identification To Assiciated Facility -Digital

DIDTAF1/2H/L

Ident To Assoc Facility 1/2 -High/Low Digital

signal from the DPR (1/2) and sent to the AFI; signals from the two DPR are connected in "wired or" through an "open collector" buffer signal from the AFI and sent to the AF (1/2) through a

hot (H) and a cold (L) cable, both optoisolated

DMT-C4RF/T

DMD Tx, CSB Port 4 Rx - False/True (RS-485) RS-485 signal, normal (True) or complemented (False); it connects the DMD (TX side) to the CSB gate 4 (RX side)

DQLF0/1RF/T

Monitor Qualification 0/1 Rx - False/True- Qualifying

RS-485 serial signals (0/1) from the remote MON and received (RX) by the local MON. These signals provide information on how the MON sees itself and the Transponders (at the moment only the DQLF0RF/T signal is used).

DQLF0/1TF/T

Monitor Qualification 0/1 Tx False/True - Qualifying RS-485 serial signals (0/1) generated by the local MON and sent to the remote MON. These signals provide information on how the MON sees itself and the Transponders (at the moment only the DQLF0RF/T signal is used)

DRALSTB/E

Rantec antenna Alarm Status B/E - Digital signal. It is sent from the antenna (through a relay contact) to the TAI. The meaning the following: Signal

DRD-AVH/L1/2

Meaning

B

E

0 1 0

0 X 1

Antenna Normal Antenna Faulty Antenna Soft Failure

Redundancy Availability High/Low TRX1/2 - Digital

signal from the AFI and sent to the AF (1/2)

through a hot (H) and a cold (L) cable, both optoisolated


Page 38


DRFRQK/L

digital signal (K = True; L = False) generated by the TAI and sent to the antenna to select the working frequency band(along with the DRFRQM/N signal). See the following table.

DRFRQM/N

Rantec antenna Frequency band M/N – Balanced

digital signal (M = True; N = False) generated by the TAI and sent to the antenna to select the working frequency band(along with the DRFRQK/L signal). See the following table: DRFRQ Frequency Band K L M N 0 1 0 1 1 – 63X 1 0 0 1 64 – 126Y 0 1 1 0 1 – 63Y 1 0 1 0 64 – 126X

DRPWRR/S

Rantec antenna Power status R/S – Balanced digital signal (R = False; S = True) generated by the TAI and sent to the antenna to adapt it to the transmitter output power level (along with the DRPWRT/U signal). See the table.

DRPWRT/U

Rantec antenna Power status T/U – Balanced digital signal (T = False; U = True) generated by the TAI and sent to the antenna to adapt it to the transmitter output power level (along with the DRPWRR/S signal). See the following table:

DST0/13-TX

Rantec antenna Frequency band K/L – Balanced

Power status

R S T

U

Emergency Low High Stand-by

1 0 1 0

0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1

1 1 0 0

Status 0/3 Transmitter – Digital

signals (0/3) from the DMD and sent to the MON. With these 4 signals the TX status is coded according to the following table: DST3 DST2 DST1 DST0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 1

0 0 1 1 0

0 1 0 1 0

0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1

1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

WDO TRP Stand-by TRP Operating Not allowed TRP Operating degraded AIM (DME/P) TRP Operating in DME Only (TACAN) Not allowed HWTXON Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed DME absent

DST0/3-TXR

Status 0/3 Transmitter Remote – As in DST0/13-TX but from the DMD remote

H+5FTY1/2

+5V Faulty, PST1/2 – Active high signal (open collector). It is generated by the PST when the P+ST voltage (5.1V) is ± 0,5V off tolerance. It is low in normal functioning conditions

HBCOPOFF

BCPS Off – Active high digital signal. It is generated by the CSB and controls the BCPS switching off; with low level or open circuit, the BCPS is on. This signal is not activated

HBCPFTY1/4

BCPS Faulty, module 1/4 – Active

high signal, open circuit. It is generated by the BCPS module 1/4 when: - there is a power failure - the fuses are interrupted (module AC input, DC output) - the module output voltage is off-tolerance; in all other conditions the signal is low level (GND)

HBDISC

Battery Disconnected – Active

high signal, open circuit. It is generated by the BCPS modules when the battery is disconnected from the charge load (Beacon). This occurs when all the BCPS modules detect a battery voltage of :~42V. In all other conditions the signal is low level (GND)

HBPDPL

Battery Pre-Depletion – Active high signal, open circuit. It is generated by the BCPS modules when the battery voltage (seen by all modules) goes under 46V. In all other conditions the signal is low level (GND

HBUFON

Buffer On – Active high digital signal. It is generated by the DMD before the pair emission and enables the modulation on the TX

HCMDKC21/2

Command KCX fro TX2 on antenna from MON1/2 – Active high digital signal. It is generated by the MON1/2 and controls the activation of the re16 coax (TRP2 in antenna)

HDTRE1/2

Data Transmit/Receive, External from TRP1/2 – Digital

signal. It is generated by the DMD and controls the direction of the bi-directional buffers of the modules controlled by the uP external Bus (high = Tx; low = Rx)

HEREMH/L

Elta antenna remote – High/Low (switch on) Digital signal. It i s sent from the TAI to the antenna as a


Page 39


20mA current loop (hot wire = H; cold wire = L); current flowing = antenna ON; no current = antenna OFF

HETACH/L

Elta antenna Tacan function –High/Low. Digital signal. It is sent from the antenna to the TAI as a 20mA current loop (hot wire = H; cold wire = L); current flowing = Tacan; no current=DME

HKW-ON1/2

Power-Amplifier-On from TRX1/2 – Active

high digital signal come from the DMD and sent to the

TKW for switching on of the power supply module

Modulation –Gate – Active

HMOD-G

high digital signal from the DMD and sent to the TX to control the input RF

switch

HMOD-GP

Modulation – Gate P – Active

high digital signal from the DMD and sent to the TX to control the

AMOD-P signal switch

HOCV

On Channel Validation – Active high digital signal from the RX and sent to the TOA of the DPR to validate the processing of the current pulse

HPSFTY

Power Supply Faulty – Active

low digital signal from the PS4 and sent to the DMD for diagnostic reasons. It is usually low when low voltages are within the following terms: P+5T = 5.1V +- .5V P+15V = 15V +- 1V P-15V = -15V +- 1V − − −

HSHD-KW1/2

Shut-Down-Power Amplifier, TRX1/2 – Active

high digital signal from the TX and sent to the TKW

to control the module shut-down

HSHD-TX1/2

Shut-Down-Transmitter, TRX1/2 – Active

high digital signal from the TX and sent to the TKW to

control the module shut-down

HTRPAE1/2

TRX sel. "On Antenna" from the TRX1/2, Ext – Active high digital signal generated on the DMD when the TRX1/2 is in antenna. It considers the LTRP1 and LKCX1A/2A signals. It is sent to the DPR to enable the identification signal output toward the AFI

HTXDIAH/L

Transmitter Diagnostic High/Low – Analog signal of the TX Diagnostic Bus sent to the DMD through a hot (H) and cold (L) wire. According to the Mux address on the TX the following signals are selected: Addr

HTX-ON

Signal

A1

A0

0

0

AKW-MP


0

1

ATX-CW

Input RF detector voltage

1

0

AKW-WC


1

1

(Spare)

Transmitter-On – Active

high digital signal from the DMD and sent to the TX to switch the power supply

on

LAF1SEL LAGR-FL

Associated Facilities 1 Selection – Active low signal when AF1 is selected; it goes high if AF2 is selected. This signal is the optoisolated output of DAF-SEM/L Automatic Gain Reduction-Flag – Active

low signal from the DPR; it shows when the number of the

decoded pairs crosses the fixed threshold

LAGR-FLR

Automatic Gain Reduction-Flag Remote – Same as in LAGR-FL but referred to the remote

LATTxx

xx dB Attenuator Control – Active

DPR

low signal. It is generated by the DPR (TOA circuit) and controls the RX xx dB attenuator (xx = 2-4-8-16-20); when the signal is active the attenuator is inserted

LBPG135 (only

Burst pulse gate 135 Hz – Active

low digital signal. It is generated by the DPR (TACAN functioning)

TACAN EQPT) when auxiliary trains are emitted

LBPG15 (only TACAN Burst Pulse Gate 15 Hz – Active EQPT)


when North trains are emitted

LCALE

Calibration, External – Active low digital signal. It is a gate generated by the DMD, under controller's command, when the pulse transmitted is not a reply. During this gate the delay measurement is performed between the LMOD-ST pulse and the LTOANE or LTOAPE pulse

LCS3/5E1/2

Chip Select 3/5, External from DMD1/2 – Active low digital signal. It is generated by the DMD and is used for decoding the various modules addressing

LDENE1/2

Data Enable, External from TRP1/2 – Active

low digital signal. It is generated by the DMD when

the data are stable prior to the WR or RD

LDPPE

Delayed Pulse P, External – Active

low digital signal. It is generated by the DPP when the Main

Delay counters arrived to count end

LDPX-FTY LEHRDH/L LESFTH/L

Duplexer Faulty - Active low digital signal. It is generated by the DPX. Following up the LRX-INHD command, the LDPX-FTY signal goes low and stays in such status until the RF switches diodes switched Elta antenna Hard alarm – High/Low. Digital signal. It is sent from the antenna to the TAI as a 20mA current loop (hot wire = H; cold wire = L); current flowing = normal; no current = Hard Alarm.

Elta antenna Soft alarm- High/Low Digital signal. It is sent from the antenna to the TAI as a


20mA

Page 40


current loop (hot wire = H; cold wire = L); current flowing = Normal; no current = Soft Alarm

LESHDH/L

Elta antenna Shut-Down –High/Low Digital signal. It is sent from the antenna to the TAI as a 20mAcurrent loop (hot wire = H; cold wire = L); current flowing = Normal; no current = Shut-down

LKCX1A

KCX selected for TRX 1 on Antenna – Active low digital signal from the KCX (Coax Relay) indicating the normal open position of the relay (TRX1 in Antenna)

LKCX2A

KCX selected for TRX 2 on Antenna – Active low digital signal from the KCX (Coax Relay) indicating the operated position of the relay (TRX2 in Antenna)

LLRESE1/2

Logic Reset, External from TRX1/2 – Active low digital signal from the DMD and sent to the TX and TKW to reset the memorization registers of the alarms

LMDGPE

Main Delay Gate P, External – Active

low digital signal from the DPP and sent to the DPR to

perform on the various priorities

LMINHD

Receiver Inhibit for Duplexer – Active

LM-INT

Monitor Interrogation – Active low digital signal from the local MON and sent to the local and remote DPR for the "Demand mode" counter

LM-INTR

Monitor Interrogation Remote – Active low digital signal from the remote MON, received by the local DMD for the "Demand mode" counter

LMNS1/4

Mains 1/4 – Active low digital signal from the BCPS 1/4 module indicating the presence of the voltage straightened at the DC/DC module input. It is usually low when the voltage is present and the input fuses are efficient

LMOD-ST

Modulation-Start Active – low digital signal from the DPR and sent:

low digital signal from the DMD and sent to the DPX to inhibit the RF path of the RX during the transmission.

-

to the DMD to start the modulation process

-

to the local MON as Start for measuring the output pulse - to the remote MON as Start for measuring the output pulse

LMOD-STR

Modulation-Start Remote – Active

low digital signal from the remote DPR and used by the local

MON

LPROGE

Register Programming, External – Active low digital signal from the DMD and sent to the DPR and DPP. When this signal becomes active all the FPGA Xilinx are reprogrammed

LRDA-T

Redundancy Availability True – Active low digital signal from the DMD and sent to the AFI to modify the polarity of the LRD-AV1/2 signal. The polarity of this signal depends on thhe AF requirements. When LRD-T = 0 the LRDA-T signal is active low; when LRD-T = 1 the LRDA-T signal is active high.

LRD-AV1/2

Redundancy Availability TRX1/2 – Active low digital signal from the MON and sent to the AFI to indicate the availability of the back-up TRX and MON

LRDE1/2

Read, External from TRX1/2 – Active low digital signal from the DMD and sent to all the

cards

receiving the Bus

LRDME

Rantec antenna, DME only – Active low digital signal. It is sent from the antenna (through a relay contact) to the TAI. When the antenna monitor excludes the TACAN modulation, the LRDME signal goes low advising the beacon that the antenna is working in "DME only"

LRRES

Rantec antenna Reset – Active low digital signal (OC output) generated by the TAI and sent to the antenna to reset the alarm circuits.

LRXIM1/2

Receiver Inhibit for Monitor from TKW1/2 – Active low digital signal (GND) from the TKW and sent to the DPX to attenuate the signal of the coupler to the monitor when the TKW is present during the time of the RXINHM

LRXINHR

Receiver Inhibit for Receiver – Active

low digital signal from the DMD and sent to the TOA to inhibit the acknowledgement of the pulses during the transmission; this pulse is not generated during the transmission of the "Pilot pulse"

LSQIDBPE

Squitter-Identity-Burst Pulse, External – Active low digital signal generated by the DPR when there is no reply pulse; it is sent to the DMD to control the creation of the CALE pulse

LSQINHPE

Squitter Inhibit P, External – Active low digital signal generated byu the DPP (when there is a reply process) and sent to the DPR to inhibit the creation of the squitters.

LSTOPE

Stop signal, External – Active low digital signal generated by the DMD and sent to the DPR to terminate the creation of the BPG; it is also used on the DMD to pilot the "Proximity Counter"

LTOANE

Time of Arrival N, External – Active low digital signal generated by the TOA circuit of the DPR and sent to the DMD to stop the Calibration Counter.

LTOAPE

Time of Arrival P, External – Active low digital s ignal generated by the TOA circuit of the DPP and sent to the DMD to stop the Calibration Counter

LTRG135

Trigger 135 Hz – Active low digital signal generated by the TAI and sent to the DPR to create the Auxiliary reference burst

LTRG15

Trigger 15 Hz – Active

low digital signal generated by the TAI and sent to the DPR to create the North


Page 41


reference burst

LTRP1

TRX 1 selected - Active low digital signal (GND) connecting to the ground of the Power Amplifiers/Interfaces Back Panel; this signal is 0 on the TRX1 Back Panel and 1 (open when there are no modules) on the TRX2 Back Panel

LWRE1/2

Write, External from the TRX1/2 - Active low digital signal from the DMD and sent to all the

cards

receiving the Bus

P+HVDPX1/2

+High Voltage for DPX 1/2 - Polarization voltage (approx.+50V) of the DPX diodes from both the TX and TKW connected in "wired or" (it is currently generated by the DPX)

PGND

GND (connected to the back-panel GND) - Power ground. It is the common return of all the mains. Each back-panel PGND is connected to the equipment ground bar

Various signals (2nd character in alphabetical order): +5FTY1/2

+5V Faulty, PST1/2 - Active high signal (open collector). It is generated by the PST when the P+ST voltage (5.1V) is ± 0,5V off tolerance. It is low in normal functioning conditions

+HVDPX1/2

+High Voltage for DPX 1/2 - Polarization voltage (approx.+50V) of the DPX diodes from both the TX and TKW connected in "wired or" (it is currently generated by the DPX)

+S -15T

+ Sense -15VT - Analog

+S15T

+ Sense 15VT - Analog

+S5T

+ Sense 5VT - Analog

A0/6E1/2

Address 0/6 - External from TRP1/2 Digital signals of the Address Bus connecting the DMD to the RX, DPP, DPR, TX, TKW cards

AF1SEL

Associated Facilities 1 Selection - Active low signal when AF1 is selected; it goes high if AF2 is selected. This signal is the optoisolated output of DAF-SEM/L

AF-SELH/L

Associated facility Selection, High/Low - Signal from remote operator; hot wire H, cold wire L. It is received through an optoisolator. It selects which one of the two AF (Associated Facilities) is active

signal of the mains connecting to the PGND on the Back Panel signal of the mains connecting to the P+15T on the Back Panel

signal of the power supply connecting to the P+5T on the Back Panel

If the selection of AF2 is obtained with a current flow in the input circuit the installation cable connector must be inserted in AF2 (default condition); otherwise it must be inserted in AF1 Associated Facility Status -This digital signal indicates the AF status (Normal/Faulty). The match of the logic level to the AF status is set via SW by the equipment operator

AF-ST AGR-FL

Automatic Gain Reduction-Flag - Active low signal from the DPR; it shows when the number of the decoded pairs crosses the fixed threshold

AGR-FLR

Automatic Gain Reduction-Flag Remote - Same as in LAGR-FL but referred to the remote DPR

ATTxx

xx dB Attenuator Control - Active

BC-AIM

low signal. It is generated by the DPR (TOA circuit) and controls the RX xx dB attenuator (xx = 2-4-8-16-20); when the signal is active the attenuator is inserted

(only DME/P)

BC-IAMH/L1/2 (only DME/P)

BC-OKH/L1/2

Beacon Degraded AIM - Digital

signal generated by the DMD when the TRP is degraded to IAM. The match of the logic level to the status of Beacon Degraded is set via SW by the equipment operator

Beacon Degraded IAM High/Low AF1/2 - Optoisolated

signal sent from the AFI to the AF1 and

AF2; hot wire H, cold wire l; (see DBC-IAM)

Beacon OK High/Low AF1/2 - Optoisolated signal sent from the AFI to AF1 and A F2; hot wire H, cold wire L; (see DBC-OK)

BCOPOFF BCPFTY1/4

BCPS Off - Active high digital signal. It is generated by the CSB and controls the BCPS switching off; with low level or open circuit, the BCPS is on. This signal is not activated BCPS Faulty, module 1/4 - Active

high signal, open circuit. It is generated by the BCPS module 1/4 when: - there is a power failure - the fuses are interrupted (module AC input, DC output) - the module output voltage is off-tolerance; in all other conditions the signal is low level (GND)

BDISC

Battery Disconnected - Active

BPDPL

Battery Pre-Depletion - Active high signal, open circuit. It is generated by the BCPS modules when the battery voltage (seen by all modules) goes under 46V. In all other conditions the signal is low level (GND

high signal, open circuit. It is generated by the BCPS modules when the battery is disconnected from the charge load (Beacon). This occurs when all the BCPS modules detect a battery voltage of :~42V. In all other conditions the signal is low level (GND)

BPG135 (only TACAN Burst pulse gate 135 Hz - Active EQPT)

BPG15 (only TACAN EQPT)


when auxiliary trains are emitted

Burst Pulse Gate 15 Hz - Active


when North trains are emitted


Page 42


BUFON

Buffer On - Active high digital signal. It is generated by the DMD before the pair emission and enables the modulation on the TX

C4T-MRF/T

CSB port 4 Tx, DMD Rx False/True (RS-485) - RS-485 signal, normal (T) or complemented (F); it connects the CSB gate 4 (TX side) with the DMD (RX side)

CALE

Calibration, External - Active low digital signal. It is a gate generated by the DMD, under controller's command, when the pulse transmitted is not a reply. During this gate the delay measurement is performed between the LMOD-ST pulse and the LTOANE or LTOAPE pulse

CK10ME

Clock 10 ms (100 Hz) - External 100 Hz digital signal. It is generated by the DMD uP clock and is sent to the DPR as Keyer clock

CK20E

Clock 20 MHz - External - 20 MHz digital signal. It is generated by the DMD quartz and sent to the DPR and DPP

CK40E

Clock 40 MHz - External 40 MHz digital signal. It is generated by the

CMD0/2-T

Command 0/2 Tx- Digital signals (0/2) from the MON and sent to the DMD. By means of these three signals the TX commands are coded according to following: CMD2 CMD1 CMD0 0 0 0 Not allowed (TRP off) 0 0 1 TRP Stand-by 0 1 0 TRP Operating 0 1 1 Not allowed (TRP Off) 1 0 0 TRP Operating Degraded IAM (only DME/P EQPT) TRP Operating in DME Only (only TACAN EQPT) 1 0 1 Not Allowed (TRP Off) 1 1 1 Not Allowed (TRP Off) 1 1 1 TRP Off

CMD0/2TR

Command 0/2 TX to DMD Remote - Same as in DCMD0/2-T but sent to the DMD remote

CMD0/2TRR

Command 0/2 TX from MON Remote - Same as in DCMD0/2-T but from the MON remote

CMDKC21/2

Command KCX fro TX2 on antenna from MON1/2 - Active high digital signal. It is generated by the MON1/2 and controls the activation of the re16 coax (TRP2 in antenna)

COA0/1

Clock Of Arrival 0/1- Digital signals (0/1) from the DPP and sent to the DMD. By means of these two signals the acknowledgement instant of the interrogating pair P is coded. The code refers to one of the four parts in which the 20 MHz clock period is devided into according the following table: DCA0 0 1 0 1

DCA1 0 0 1 1

DMD quartz and sent to the DPP

part 1 2 3 4

CRMON1/2

CSB Rx from MON 1/2 (RS-232) - RS-232 signal from the MON1/2 (Tx) and sent to the CSB (Rx)

CS3/5E1/2

Chip Select 3/5, External from DMD1/2 - Active low digital signal. It is generated by the DMD and is used for decoding the various modules addressing

CTMON1/2

CSB Tx to MON 1/2 (RS-232) - RS-232 signal from the CSB (Tx) and sent

D0/ TT

Data D0/7 TAI Transm - Digital signals of the Data Bus connecting the TAI (Tx) to the DMD (Rx); particularly, the following bits have this meaning: - DD5TT = HAMSA = Ant Mon Soft Alarm - DD6TT = HAMHA = Ant Mon Hard Alarm - DD7TT = HEINT = Elta ant Interrupt (only TACAN beacon)

D0/7E1/2

Data D0/7, External from TRP1/2 - Bi-directional digital signals of the Data Bus connecting the DMD

to the MON1/2 (Rx)

to the RX, DPP, DPR, TX, TKW cards

D0/7TR

Data D0/7 TAI Recvr - Digital

DAF-STH/L1/2

Associated Facility 1/2 Status High/Low - Signal

DBC-OK

Beacon OK - Digital signal generated by the DMD when the TRP does not indicate alert. The match of the logic level to the status of Beacon OK is set via SW by the equipment operator

DENE1/2

Data Enable, External from TRP1/2 - Active

signals of the Data Bus connecting the TAI (Rx) to the DMD (Tx)

from the AF. It is received through an optoisolator and indicates the AF status (Normal/Faulty); hot wire H, cold wire L; (see DAF-ST)

low digital signal. It is generated by the DMD when

the data are stable prior to the WR or RD

DPPE

Delayed Pulse P, External - Active low digital signal. It is generated by the DPP when the Main Delay counters arrived to count end


Page 43


DPRDIA

DPR Diagnostic - DPR Diagnostic Bus digital signal. According to the Mux address on the DPR, the following signals are selected: Addr Signal 0 MDGN Main Delay Gate N 1 IDT Identity Frequency 2 M-INT Monitor Interrogation 3 M-INTR Monitor Interrogation Remote 4 DT Dead Time 5 SQ Squitter 6 LAE Long Anti Echo 7 DECT Decoded Pulse 8 DPN Delayed Pulse N 9 DPN+P Delayed Pulse N + P (only DME/P eqpt) 10 BTRG Burst Trigger (only TACAN eqpt) 11 TRG15 Trigger 15 Hz (only TACAN eqpt) 12 TRG135 Trigger 135 Hz (only TACAN eqpt) 13 SQINH Squitter Inhibit 14 OVLD FRQ Overload Frequency 15 DPN+P+SQ Delayed Pulse N + P + Squitter

DPX-FTY

Duplexer Faulty - Active low digital signal. It is generated by the DPX. Following up the LRX-INHD command, the LDPX-FTY signal goes low and stays in such status until the RF switches diodes switched

DTRE1/2

Data Transmit/Receive, External from TRP1/2 - Digital

signal. It is generated by the DMD and controls the direction of the bi-directional buffers of the modules controlled by the uP external Bus (high = Tx; low = Rx)

EHRDH/L

Elta antenna Hard alarm - High/Low. Digital signal. It is sent from the antenna to the TAI as a 20mA current loop (hot wire = H; cold wire = L); current flowing = normal; no current = Hard Alarm.

EREMH/L

Elta antenna remote - High/Low (switch on) Digital signal. It is sent from the TAI to the antenna as a 20mA current loop (hot wire = H; cold wire = L); current flowing = antenna ON; no current = antenna OFF

ESFTH/L

Elta antenna Soft alarm- High/Low Digital signal. It is sent from the antenna to the TAI as a 20mA current loop (hot wire = H; cold wire = L); current flowing = Normal; no current = Soft Alarm

ESHDH/L

Elta antenna Shut-Down -High/Low Digital signal. It is s ent from the antenna to the TAI as a 20mAcurrent loop (hot wire = H; cold wire = L); current flowing = Normal; no current = Shut-down

ETACH/L

Elta antenna Tacan function -High/Low. Digital signal. It is sent from the antenna to the TAI as a 20mA current loop (hot wire = H; cold wire = L); current flowing = Tacan; no current=DME

FFRQA/C

Face Antenna Frequency band - A/C Active High Digital Signal. It is sent from the TAI to the antenna and is used for selecting the antenna work band according to the following table: DFRQA

FRQDIV

DFRQB

DFRQC

Channel

Frequency

+5

0

0

1/63X; 64/89Y

962/1050 MHz

0

+5

0

90/126Y; 1/63Y

1052/1150 MHz

0

0

+5

Divided Frequency -

64/126X

1151/1213 MHz

Digital signal. It is generated by the local RX and represents the transmission

frequency/256

FRQDIVR

Divided Frequency -

Remote Digital signal. It is generated by the remote RX and represents the

transmission frequency/256

GND

Digital GND - Digital ground. It is used as return or screen of digital signals. It may also not be connected to the ground

GND

GND (connected to the back-panel GND) - Power ground. It is the common return of all the mains. Each back-panel PGND is connected to the equipment ground bar

GNDAX

Analog GND for Aux trigger - Analog ground. It is the screen of twisted wire of the Aux trigger signal (H/L) come from the antenna; it becomes PGND on the TAI

GNDNT

Analog GND for North Trigger - Analog

GNDxx

ground. It is the screen of twisted wire of the North trigger signal (H/L) come from the antenna; it becomes PGND on the TAI

Digital GND xx MHz clock - Digital ground. It is used as return or clock signals screen.

It may also not


GNDxxM

Digital GND xx ms clock - Digital ground. It is used as return or clock signals screen.

It may also not


IDFAF

Identification from Associated Facility - Digital signal from the AFI and sent to the DPR; the polarity for the up to read this identification signal ,come from µP, is set by the operatorduring the initializing procedure of the equipment


Page 44


IDFAF1/2H/L

Ident From Assoc Facility 1/2 - High/Low Digital

signal from the AF (1/2) and sent to the AFI through

a hot (H) and a cold (L) cable, both optoisolated

IDTAF

Identification To Assiciated Facility -Digital signal from the DPR (1/2) and sent to the AFI; signals from the two DPR are connected in "wired or" through an "open collector" buffer

IDTAF1/2H/L

Ident To Assoc Facility 1/2 -High/Low Digital signal from the AFI and sent to the AF (1/2) through a hot (H) and a cold (L) cable, both optoisolated

KCX1A

KCX selected for TRX 1 on Antenna - Active low digital signal from the KCX (Coax Relay) indicating the normal open position of the relay (TRX1 in A ntenna)

KCX2A

KCX selected for TRX 2 on Antenna - Active low digital signal from the KCX (Coax Relay) indicating the operated position of the relay (TRX2 in Antenna)

KWDETH/L,1/2

Power-Amplifier-Detector - High/Low, TRX1/2 Analog signal from the output detector of the TKW Final Amplifier(1/2) and sent to its own DMD through a hot (H) and a cold (L) wire for modulation check

KWDIAH/L

Power-Amplifier Diagnostic - High/Low Analog signal of the TKW Diagnostic Bus sent to the DMD through a hot (H) and a cold (L) wire. According to the Mux address on the TKW, the following signals are selected: Addr

Signal

0

TKW_TMP


1

TKW_VCC


KW-ON1/2

Power-Amplifier-On from TRX1/2 - Active

LOGD-NF/T

Logarithmic N Digital, False/True - Balanced analog signal (normal = T; complemented = F) from the RX (narrow Band out) and sent to the diagnostic Mux of the DMD

LOGD-PF/T

Logarithmic P Digital, False/True - Balanced analog signal (normal = T; complemented = F) from the RX (large Band out) and sent to the diagnostic Mux of the DMD

LOG-NF/T

Logarithmic N, False/True - Balanced analog signal (normal = T; complemented = F) come from the RX (narrow Band out) and sent to the TOA of the DPR

LOG-PF/T

Logarithmic P, False/True - Balanced analog signal (normal = T; complemented = F) come from the RX (large Band out) and sent to the TOA of the DPP

LRESE1/2

Logic Reset, External from TRX1/2 - Active low digital signal from the DMD and sent to the TX and TKW to reset the memorization registers of the alarms

MDGPE

high digital signal come from the DMD and sent to the

TKW for switching on of the power supply module

Main Delay Gate P, External - Active

low digital signal from the DPP and sent to the DPR to perform

on the various priorities

MINHD

Receiver Inhibit for Duplexer - Active

M-INT

Monitor Interrogation - Active low digital signal from the local MON and sent to the local and remote DPR for the "Demand mode" counter

M-INTR

Monitor Interrogation Remote - Active low digital signal from the remote MON, received by the local DMD for the "Demand mode" counter Mains 1/4 - Active low digital signal from the BCPS 1/4 module indicating the presence of the voltage straightened at the DC/DC module input. It is usually low when the voltage is present and the input fuses are efficient Modulation -Gate - Active high digital signal from the DMD and sent to the TX to control the input RF switch

low digital signal from the DMD and sent to the DPX to inhibit the RF path of the RX during the transmission.

MNS1/4 MOD-G MOD-GP

Modulation - Gate P - Active

high digital signal from the DMD and sent to the TX to control the

AMOD-P signal switch

MOD-NH/L

Modulation-N pulse - High/Low Analog

MOD-PH/L

Modulation-P pulse - High/Low Analog

MOD-ST

Modulation-Start Active - low digital signal from the DPR and sent:

signal with hot (H) and cold (L) wire from the DMD and sent to the TX to modulate the final stage driver with the gaussian pulse signal with hot (H) and cold (L) wire from the DMD and sent to the TX (pin diode modulator) to perform the cut on the gaussian pulse

- to the DMD to start the modulation process - to the local MON as Start for measuring the output pulse - to the remote MON as Start for measuring the output pulse

MOD-STR

Modulation-Start Remote - Active

MT-C4RF/T

DMD Tx, CSB Port 4 Rx - False/True (RS-485) RS-485 signal, normal (True) or complemented (False); it connects the DMD (TX side) to the CSB gate 4 (RX side)

OCV

On Channel Validation - Active high digital s ignal from the RX and sent to the TOA of the DPR to validate the processing of the current pulse

low digital signal from the remote DPR and used by the local MON


Page 45


PPWAH/L

P Processor Diagnostic - High/Low Analog signal with hot (H) and cold (L) wire of the DPP

Diagnostic

Bus. According to the Mux address on the DPP, the following signals are selected: Addr Signal

PROGE

Register Programming, External - Active low digital signal from the DMD and sent to the DPR and DPP. When this signal becomes active all the FPGA Xilinx are reprogrammed

PSFTY

Power Supply Faulty - Active

low digital signal from the PS4 and sent to the DMD for diagnostic reasons. It is usually low when low voltages are within the following terms: P+5T = 5.1V +- .5V P+15V = 15V +- 1V P-15V = -15V +- 1V − − −

QLF0/1RF/T

Monitor Qualification 0/1 Rx - False/True- Qualifying

RS-485 serial signals (0/1) from the remote MON and received (RX) by the local MON. These signals provide information on how the MON sees itself and the Transponders (at the moment only the DQLF0RF/T signal is used).

QLF0/1TF/T

Monitor Qualification 0/1 Tx False/True - Qualifying RS-485 serial signals (0/1) generated by the local MON and sent to the remote MON. These signals provide information on how the MON sees itself and the Transponders (at the moment only the DQLF0RF/T signal is used)

RALSTB/E

Rantec antenna Alarm Status B/E - Digital signal. It is sent from the antenna (through a relay contact) to the TAI. The meaning the following: Signal

Meaning

B

E

0 1 0

0 X 1

Antenna Normal Antenna Faulty Antenna Soft Failure

RDA-T

Redundancy Availability True - Active low digital signal from the DMD and sent to the AFI to modify the polarity of the LRD-AV1/2 signal. The polarity of this signal depends on thhe AF requirements. When LRD-T = 0 the LRDA-T signal is active low; when LRD-T = 1 the LRDA-T signal is active high.

RD-AV1/2

Redundancy Availability TRX1/2 - Active low digital signal from the MON and sent to the AFI to indicate the availability of the back-up TRX and MON

RD-AVH/L1/2

Redundancy Availability High/Low TRX1/2 - Digital

signal from the AFI and sent to the AF (1/2)

through a hot (H) and a cold (L) cable, both optoisolated

RDE1/2

Read, External from TRX1/2 - Active low digital signal from the DMD and sent to all the

cards

receiving the Bus

RDME

Rantec antenna, DME only - Active low digital signal. It is sent from the antenna (through a relay contact) to the TAI. When the antenna monitor excludes the TACAN modulation, the LRDME signal goes low advising the beacon that the antenna is working in "DME only"

RFRQK/L

Rantec antenna Frequency band K/L - Balanced

digital signal (K = True; L = False) generated by the TAI and sent to the antenna to select the working frequency band(along with the DRFRQM/N signal). See the following table.

RFRQM/N

Rantec antenna Frequency band M/N - Balanced

digital signal (M = True; N = False) generated by the TAI and sent to the antenna to select the working frequency band(along with the DRFRQK/L signal). See the following table: DRFRQ Frequency Band K L M N 0 1 0 1 1 - 63X 1 0 0 1 64 - 126Y 0 1 1 0 1 - 63Y 1 0 1 0 64 - 126X

RPWRR/S

Rantec antenna Power status R/S - Balanced digital signal (R = False; S = True) generated by the TAI and sent to the antenna to adapt it to the transmitter output power level (along with the DRPWRT/U signal). See the table.

RPWRT/U

Rantec antenna Power status T/U - Balanced digital signal (T = False; U = True) generated by the TAI and sent to the antenna to adapt it to the transmitter output power level (along with the DRPWRR/S signal). See the following table: Power status

R S T

U

Emergency Low High Stand-by

1 0 1 0

0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1

1 1 0 0

RRES

Rantec antenna Reset - Active low digital signal (OC output) generated by the TAI and sent to the antenna to reset the alarm circuits.

RXDIAH/L

Receiver Diagnostic - High/Low RX


- Diagnostic Bus analog signal. It is used for the VTF voltage

Page 46


only (Voltage Tuned Filter); the value of the measured voltage is the one of the VTF divided by10

RXIM1/2

Receiver Inhibit for Monitor from TKW1/2 - Active low digital signal (GND) from the TKW and sent to the DPX to attenuate the signal of the coupler to the monitor when the TKW is present during the time of the RXINHM

RXINHR

Receiver Inhibit for Receiver - Active

low digital signal from the DMD and sent to the TOA to inhibit the acknowledgement of the pulses during the transmission; this pulse is not generated during the transmission of the "Pilot pulse"

-S15T


signal of the mains connecting to the PGND on the Back Panel

-S-15T

- Sense -15VT - Analog

signal of the mains connecting to the P-15T on the Back Panel

-S5T


SHD-KW1/2

Shut-Down-Power Amplifier, TRX1/2 - Active

signal of the power supply connecting to the PGND on the Back Panel high digital signal from the TX and sent to the TKW

to control the module shut-down

SHD-TX1/2

Shut-Down-Transmitter, TRX1/2 - Active

high digital signal from the TX and sent to the TKW to

control the module shut-down

SQIDBPE

Squitter-Identity-Burst Pulse, External - Active low digital signal generated by the DPR when there is no reply pulse; it is sent to the DMD to control the creation of the CALE pulse

SQINHPE

Squitter Inhibit P, External - Active low digital signal generated byu the DPP (when there is a reply process) and sent to the DPR to inhibit the creation of the squitters.

ST0/13-TX

Status 0/3 Transmitter - Digital

signals (0/3) from the DMD and sent to the MON. With these 4 signals the TX status is coded according to the following table: DST3 DST2 DST1 DST0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 1

0 0 1 1 0

0 1 0 1 0

0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1

1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

WDO TRP Stand-by TRP Operating Not allowed TRP Operating degraded IAM (DME/P) TRP Operating in DME Only (TACAN) Not allowed HWTXON Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed DME absent

ST0/3-TXR

Status 0/3 Transmitter Remote - As in DST0/13-TX but from the DMD remote

STOPE

Stop signal, External - Active low digital signal generated by the DMD and sent to the DPR to terminate the creation of the BPG; it is also used on the DMD to pilot the "Proximity Counter"

TOANE

Time of Arrival N, External - Active low digital signal generated by the TOA circuit of the DPR and sent to the DMD to stop the Calibration Counter.

TOAPE

Time of Arrival P, External - Active low digital signal generated by the TOA circuit of the DPP and sent to the DMD to stop the Calibration Counter

TRG135

Trigger 135 Hz - Active low digital signal generated by the TAI and sent to the DPR to create the Auxiliary reference burst

TRG15

Trigger 15 Hz - Active

low digital signal generated by the TAI and sent to the DPR to create the North

reference burst

TRGAH/L

Trigger Auxiliary High/Low - Bi-polar analog signal with hot (H) and cold (L) wire from the antenna and sent to the TAI for transformation in LTRG135

TRGNTH/L

Trigger North High/Low - Bi-polar analog signal with hot (H) and cold (L) wire from the antenna and sent to the TAI for transformation in LTRG15

TRP1

TRX 1 selected - Active low digital signal (GND) connecting to the ground of the Power Amplifiers/Interfaces Back Panel; this signal is 0 on the TRX1 Back Panel and 1 (open when there are no modules) on the TRX2 Back Panel

TRPAE1/2

TRX sel. "On Antenna" from the TRX1/2, Ext - Active high digital signal generated on the DMD when the TRX1/2 is in antenna. It considers the LTRP1 and LKCX1A/2A signals. It is sent to the DPR to enable the identification signal output toward the AFI

TXDETH/L

Transmitter Detector High/Low - Analog signal from the TX (1/2) output detector and sent to the DMD through a hot (H) and cold (L) wire for modulation control

TXDIAH/L

Transmitter Diagnostic High/Low - Analog signal of the TX Diagnostic Bus sent to the DMD through a hot (H) and cold (L) wire. According to the Mux address on the TX the following signals are selected:


Page 47


Addr

TX-ON

Signal

A1

A0

0

0

AKW-MP


0

1

ATX-CW

Input RF detector voltage

1

0

AKW-WC


1

1

(Spare)

Transmitter-On - Active

high digital signal from the DMD and sent to the TX to switch the power supply

on

WRE1/2

Write, External from the TRX1/2 - Active low digital signal from the DMD and sent to all the receiving the Bus


Page 48

cards


ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS Typical used terms by NAVAIDS A

A A/D AAN104/MP AAN105/MP AC ACA ACC ACC-54 ADC ADCS ADR ADRACS ADRACS ADSB ADU AF AFC AFIS AGC Ah ALT AM AMC AMP ANT ANSI ARMS ASB ASC ASCII ASM ASSY ASU ATC ATIS ATE ATIS ATM AUD AUTO AUX AWD AWG AWOS AZ

Ampere Analog-to-digital LPD glide path antenna element LPD localizer antenna element Alternating current Analogical Carrier Amplifier (BITE signal) Alternating Current Converter AC/DC CONVERTER Analog-to-digital converter Analog-to-digital calibration system Analog Display Routine Automatic Data Recording And Control System Program, Under Windows, for P.C. to Control the Station Alternating Double Sideband Antenna Distribution Unit Audio frequency Automatic Frequency Control Automatic Flight Inspection System Automatic gain control Ampere-hour Alternate Amplitude Modulation Automatic Modulation Control Amplifier Antenna American National Standards Institute Airport remote monitoring system Alternating SideBand Antenna Switch Control American National Standard Code for Information Exchange Antenna Switching Module Assembly Antenna Switching Unit Air Traffic Control Air Traffic Information System Automatic test equipment Air Traffic Information System Air Traffic Management Audio Automatic Auxiliary Automatic dialing equipment for data connections American wire gage Airport weather observation system Azimuth B

B/S BAT BAZ BCD BCPS BD BF BITE BLK BNC

Bit per second Battery Back-Azimuth Binary Coded decimal Battery charger power supply Baud Audio Frequency Built-in test Equipment Black Bayonet Navy Connector


Page 49


BP BSE BSG-D BST BTU BUFF BYTE

Backplane System and protective ground - Betriebs und Schutzerde Blending Signal Generator Baustahl - Structure steel British Thermal Unit Buffer Word of 8 bits C

C/N CA CAB CAGE CAL CALC CALIB CAT CA-100C CCA CCP CCITT CDI CD-ROM CDRL CE CEE CH CHAN CHPAUD CK CKT CL CLR CLRNCE, CLEAR Cm CMD CMPAUD CMOS COMB COMM CONC CONN CPU CR CRS CRC CSB CSB CSE CSL CTOL CTRL CTS CTU CW

Combining network Carrier Amplifier Cabinet Commercial and Government Entity Calibrate, calibration Calculate, calculation Calibrate, calibration Category, ILS Carrier Amplifier (100W) Circuit-card assembly Control Coupler International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee Course Deviation Indicator Compact Disc - Read Only Memory Contract data requirements list Conformité Européen ou Communautés Européennes International Commission on Rules for the Approval of Electrical Equipment Channel Channel Chopped audio Clock Circuit Clearance Clear, clearance signal Clearance Centimeter Command Composite audio Complementary Metaloxide Semiconductor Combining Communication Phone Concentrator Connector Central Processing Unit Carriage Return Course signal Cyclic redundancy check Control Status Board (part of the LCSU) Carrier with sideband (HF) Course Control and Selector Logic Conventional Take-off and Landing Control Clear to Send Control Tower Units Continuous wave

D

D/A DAA DAC DAS dB dBm DC DCC

Digital-to-analog Data access arrangement Digital-to-analog converter DME-based Azimuth System Decibel Decibel referred to 1 milliwatt Direct current DC-Converter


Page 50


DCC-05 DCC-28 DCC-MV DCE DDM DDS DEG DET DEV DFT DFS DIF DIN DIP DLC DMA DME DOS DPDT DSB DSP DSR DTE DTR DU DUCU DVOR

DC Converter 5 V DC Converter 28 V DC Converter MULTIVOLT Data circuit-terminating equipment Difference in depth of modulation Direct digital synthesis Degree Detect, detector, Detector Unit Deviation Discrete Fourier Transformation Deutsche Flugsicherung - Administration of air navigation services Difference signal Deutsche Industrie Norm - German industrial standard Dual in-line package Data link controller Direct memory access Distance-measuring equipment Disk operating system Double-pole double-throw Double Sideband Digital signal processing Data Set Ready Data transmission equipment Data Terminal Ready Distribution unit Distribution unit and combining unit Doppler Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range E

EC ECU EEPROM ELEC ELEK ELEM EMC EMT ENBT ENT ENVIR EPLD EPROM EQPT ERP ESC ESD EUROCAE EXEC

European Community Executive Control Unit Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory Electrical Electronic Element Electromagnetic Compatibility Electrical metallic tubing Enable Bus Transfer Electrical non-metallic tubing Environmental Electrically programmable logic device Erasable Programmed Read Only Memory Equipment Effective Radiated Power Escape Electrostatic discharge European Organization for Civil Aviation Electronics Executive

F

FAA FCC FCTN FET FF (FF) FFM FFT FIFO FM FPE FPGA FREQ

Federal Aviation Administration Federal Communications Commission Function Field-effect transistor Flip-flop Moniteur de champ lointain (zone Fraunhofer) Far-field monitor Fast Fourier Transform First-in-first-out Frequency Modulation Functional Protection Earth Field Programmable Gate Arrays Frequency


Page 51


FSK FT 3 ft FWD

Frequency-Shift Keying Foot, feet Cubic foot Forward G

GEN GFM GMT GND GP GS

Generator Government-furnished material Greenwich Mean Time Ground Glide Path Glide slope - Glide Path H

H/W/D HW-MON h:m HEX HEX HF HR Hz

Height/width/depth Hardware Monitor Hour: minute Hexadecimal Hexagonal Hochfrequenz - Radio frequency Hour Hertz I

I/D I/F I/O IC ICAO ID IF ILS IM IN INC INDENT INP INT INTFC I/O-Port ISO I/Q

Integral detector Interface Input/output Integrated circuit International Civil Aviation Organization Identification Intermediate frequency Instrument landing system Inner marker Inch Indications & Commands Module Indenture Input Interface Unit - Integral Interface Board for monitor Input/Output-Port International Standards Organization In Phase/Quadraturphase J

j-box JAN JFET

junction box Joint Army-Navy Junction field-effect transistor K

kHz kg km km/h

Kilohertz Kilogram Kilometer Kilometer per hour L

LAD lb LCC

Localizer Antenna Distributor Pound Local Communication Control


Page 52


LCD LCI LCP LCSI LCSU LCU LED LF LG-A LG-M LGM LIA LLZ/LOC LOC LPD LPF LRCI LRU LSB LSB LVL

Liquid-crystal display Local Control Interface Local Control Panel Local Control & Status Indicator Local control and status unit Local Communication Unit - Link control unit Light-emitting diode Line Feed Localizer/Glide Path - Audio Generator Localizer/Glide Path - Monitor Processor Modembezeichnung (LOGEM) - Modem assignation Line interface adapter Localizer Localizer Log-periodic dipole Low Pass Filter Local/Remote Communication Interface Line-replaceable unit Lower Side Band LSB (HF DVOR) Least Significant Bit (digital) Level M

m 3 m mA MAG MAINT MAX MB m-d MECH MEM MEU MFR MHz MI MIA MIB mi/h MIL MIN MLS MM MNP 1…4 MNP 5 MNP MOD MODPA MOD-110 MOD-110P MOD-SBB MON MON/IF MOSFET MPS MPS MPU MSB MSG MSG-C MSG-S MSP MSL MSP1-2

Meter Cubic meter Milliampere Magnetic Maintenance Maximum Marker beacon Month-day Mechanical Memory Marker Extension Unit Manufacturer Megahertz Mile Monitor Interface Adapter Monitor Interface Board Mile per hour Military Minimum Microwave Landing System Middle marker MODEM Data Protection Procedure MODEM Data Compression Procedure MODEM Microcom Networking Protocol Modulation, modulator Modulator/Power Amplifier Modulator (RF) Modulator, Power Modulator Sideband Blending (DVOR) Monitor Monitor/interface Metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor Maintenance processor subsystem Minimum Performance Specification Marker Processing Unit Most Significant Bit Modulation Signal Generator Modulator Signal Generator (Control) Modulator Signal Generator (Signal) Monitor Signal Processor Mean Sea Level Monitor Signal Processor 1 and 2


Page 53


MSR MTTF MTBF MTBO MTTR MUX mV mW

Monitor Service Routine Mean Time To Failures Mean Time Between Failures Mean Time Between Outages Mean Time To Repair Multiplexer Millivolt Milliwatt N

NAV NAVAIDS NC NCP NDB NET NF NF NFK NFM NM NO No. NR

Navigation Navigational Aids Normally closed National Change Proposal Non-Directional radio Beacon Network Near Field (dipole) Niederfrequenz - Audio frequency Niederfrequenzknoten (Sternverteiler) - Star distributor (for audio frequency) Nearfield Monitor Nautical Mile Normally open Number Null reference O

OAB OACI OB-LIGHT OIO OM OP-AMP OS OVP

Optocoupler Adapter Board Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (ICAO) Obstruction light Opto Coupler Isolated Input/Output Outer marker Operational amplifier Operating system Overvoltage protection P

PA PARA PBIT PC PCB PBA PDME PE PEP PEND PFE PFN PIN PIR PK PLD PLL PMC PMDT PMM POP POS POSN. P-P PPL PPM PRED PREF

Power amplifier Paragraph Power-up built-in test Personal computer Printed Circuit Board Printed Board Assembly Precision DME Protection Earth Peak Envelope Power Pending Path Following Error Path Following Noise Positive-intrinsic-negative Portable ILS receiver Peak Programmable logic device Phase Locked Loop Phase Monitor And Control Portable Maintenance Data Terminal Power Management Module Power on Parallel Position Position Course Peak-to-peak Provisioning Parts List Parts per million Predominate Prefix


Page 54


PROM PRUM PRUT PS PSI PSS PSW PSN PSTN PTR PTT PVC PWB PWR PWR

Programmable read-only memory Protector Unit Marker Protector Unit Tower Power Supply Power Supply Interface Power Supply Switch Power supply Switch Position Public Switched Telephone Network Printer Post Telephone and Telecommunications (Authority) Polyvinylchlorid Printed wiring board Password Routine Power Q

QTY

Quantity R

RAM RC RC RCMS RCPT RCSE RCSR RCSU RCV REC REF DES REF REFLD REL REU RF RFD RIA RIAX RICE RISC RL RMC RMM RMMC RMS RMT ROM RSIU RST RTC RTS RWY RX RXC RXD RXRDY

Random-access memory Remote Control Resistance-capacitance Remote Control Monitoring System Receptacle Remote Control and Status Equipment Remote Control Service Routine Remote Control Status Unit Receive Record Reference designator Reference Reflected Relative Remote Electronic Unit or Remote Equipment Communication Radio frequency Duplexer Remote Interface Adapter Remote Interface Adapter extended Remote indication and control equipment Reduced instruction set computing Radio link Remote Maintenance Center Remote Maintenance Monitor Remote Maintenance and Monitoring Configuration Root mean square Remote Read-only memory Remote status and interlock unit Restart Real Time Clock Request to send Runway Receiver Receiver Clock Receiver Data Receiver Ready S

S SA SB

Switch Spectrum analysis Sideband


Page 55


SBA SBB SBO SBR SBR SCC SCOPE SCR SCRN SDM SER SMA SPL SPDT SPST SRAM SSOP STOL STBY STT SUBASSY SUM SUPPR SW SW SYN SYN

Sideband A (used in VOR) Sideband B (used in VOR) Sideband only Subrack Sideband reference Serial Communication Controller Oscilloscope Semiconductor-controlled rectifier Screen Sum of depths of modulation Serial Subminiature connector type A Special Single-pole double-throw Single-pole single-throw Static random-access memory Small shrink outline package Short Take-Off and Landing Standby Shutdown/Transfer Test Subassembly Summation Signal Suppressor Software Switch Synchronization Synthesizer of the Frequency T

TACAN TCXO TEMP TEG THD THR THRU TNC TNV TOA TOR TRANS TTL TX TXC TXD TXRDY TXT

Tactical Air Navigation Temperature-compensated crystal oscillator Temperature Test Generator Total harmonic distortion Threshold Through Threaded Navy Connector Telephone Network Voltage Time Of Arrival Time Out Routine Transient Transistor-transistor logic Transmitter Transmitter Clock Transmitter Data Transmitter Ready Text U

UART UF UH UHF USART USB UV

Universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter Microfarad Microhenry Ultrahigh frequency Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Upper Side Band Ultraviolet V

V VAM VCO VGA VHF VOL

Volt Voice Amplifier Voltage-controlled oscillator Video Graphic Adapter Very high frequency Volume


Page 56


VOR VS VSWR VTF VTOL

Very-high-frequency Omnidirectional Radio-range Versus Voltage standing-wave ratio Voltage Tuned Filter Vertical Take-off and Landing

W

WDI W WHT WID WR

Watch Dog Indication Watt White Width Write X

XCVR XMT

Transceiver Transmit Y

YR

year Z

ZU Zo

Modem for data transfer Impedance Characteristic of coax cable or strip-line


Page 57

Appendix

APPENDIX A

ANTENNA SITING AND INSTALLATION CRITERIA A.1

GENERAL

This document contains information and diagrams to help the installer quickly select the height of the aerial mast best suited for a particular site configuration. Some specifications for building up the aerial mast are also given. A.2

OPTIMUM ANTENNA INSTAL LATION

Reflecting objects present in the area around the aerial may reduce the signal amplitude. As a result of the antenna's inherent characteristics, the vertical radiation pattern has an up tilt of the main lobe, which rises 3° to 5° above the horizon. This up tilt reduces the amplitude of the radiated signal in the areas in which reflecting objects may be located. The vertical width of the main antenna lobe is usually approximately 8°, with an amplitude at the horizon 2 to 3 decibels less than the maximum at 3° to 5° above the horizon. The antenna system is consequently less subject to Site errors. Wherever possible, the ground beacon antenna should be mounted on a mast 10 m, or more, high. This height complies with the requirements of maximum range with minimum loss of the radiated signal, which may be caused by nulls in the vertical radiation pattern. When the distance between the base of the antenna and the ground is less than 10 m, nulls in the vertical radiation pattern may cause loss of ground beacon information for variable periods dependent upon the speed and the altitude of the aircraft and the height of the ground beacon antenna. For the FAN-96 antenna, the best horizon gain and diagram slope around the horizon have been obtained, as far as the vertical opening considered is concerned, to reduce the coverage loss caused by the first null. To reduce deterioration in range, which is caused by reduced antenna height due to local reflecting objects, the following specifications have been given. A.2.1

Bas ic Criteria

All the objects in the proximity of the antenna should be under the surface of rotation ABC illustrated in figure A-1. This surface may be obtained by means of two cones: a truncated cone, which consists of the base tenna base at an a tly below the anten cones intersect each other and the surfaces which are not common to both cones, limit the area in which the antenna should be cleared of objects. The reflecting objects that are below this area do not affect the accuracy of the information transmitted by the beacon, while for any objects rising above this surface, the following exceptions are allowed changeover;


Page 58

Appendix

Figure A-1. Obstruction Height Limits A.2.2

Exc eption A

No more than two obstructions between 100 feet (33 m) and 1000 feet (330 m) from the antenna, protruding up to a maximum of 2° above the specified 3° of the inverted cone are permissible, if each one subtends less than 10° or more in azimuth. A.2.3

Exc eption B

Alternatively, no more than five obstructions between 100 feet (33 m) and 1000 feet (330 m) from the antenna, protruding up to a maximum of 5° above the specified 3° of the inverted cone are permissible, if each one subtends less than 3° in azimuth and any two obstructions are separated by 10° or more in azimuth. A.2.4

Exc eption C

If the protruding obstructions permitted by Exceptions A or B above consist of natural vegetation such as trees or bushes, they may protrude up to twice the above specified amounts and may subtend three times the above specified angles in azimuth.


Page 59

Appendix

A.2.5

Other Ex cepti ons

Other admitted exceptions are listed in the following table where the maximum elevation angle is measured from a point located 3.5 m under the antenna.

CLASS OF EXCEPTION

TYPE OF OBSTRUCTIONS

MAX. ANGLE SUBTENDED IN AZIMUTH

MAX. ELEVATION ANGLE

1

Vegetation-Narrow

9°

13°

1

Solid-Narrow

3°

8°

2

Vegetation-Wide

30°

7°

2

Solid-Wide

10°

5°

Class 2 exceptions may produce shadowing in the sector behind the obstructions. The number of exceptions should not exceed five from class 1, or two from class 2 or two from class 1 plus one from class 2. A.3

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THE DIAGRAMS

The diagrams have been included to help the installer to resolve the following problems: −

given the obstruction dimensions and distances from the antenna mast, determine the minimum height of the antenna mast suitable for correct DME system operation.

−

(inverse of the former) given the height of the antenna mast, determine or check whether the reflecting objects in the Site can be permitted.

A.4

CLOSE AND DISTA NT OBSTRUCTIONS

Figure A-2 shows that for each antenna mast height Ht it is possible to draw a broken line such as that shown in the figure. In order to comply with the relevant specifications, the height of each obstruction, Do meters from the antenna, must not exceed the maximum value Ho given by the formula: −

Do

Ho = Ht − 3.5 + 0.052 Do

≤

for Do

≥

5m

In the figure, the variable Ho is plotted against the distance Do for each figure Ht, thus an aggregate of broken lines are obtained, which constitutes the locus of close and distant obstructions. In accordance with the specifications, however, the height of the antenna mast may in no case be less than 20 feet (6.7 m) or more than 60 feet (20 m). To solve the first problem of A-3 it is sufficient to plot the heights of obstructions against their distances from the antenna in the logs of A-2: the broken line passing through the maximum height of the obstructions gives the values of the desired antenna height. Inversely, if every ordinate of the obstructions lies under the broken line relative to given Ht of the mast, this means that the specifications of para. A-3 have been followed.


Page 60

Appendix

A.4.1

Exc eptions

Similarly, it is possible to plot the diagrams relative to the exceptions of para. A-2-2 to A-2-5. The formula, with values expressed in meters, are as follows: −

Class A obstructions (solid wide: 5° elevation, 10° azimuth): Ho = Ht − 0.5 + 0.087 Do

−

Class B obstructions (solid-narrow: 8° elevation, 3° azimuth): Ho = Ht − 3.5 + 0.14 Do

−

Class C obstructions (vegetation-wide: 7° elevation, 30° azimuth): Ho = Ht − 3.5 + 0.123 Do

−

Class D obstructions (vegetation narrow: 13° elevation, 9° azimuth): Ho = Ht − 3.5 + 0.23 Do

Figure A-3 to A-6 show the diagram relative to these exceptions. If there are more than one obstruction, it must be remembered that the following maximum number of obstructions can be tolerated: −

Class (B+D): no more than 5, provided that any 2 are separated by 10° minimum in azimuth.

−

Class (A+B): no more than 2, provided that any 2 are separated by 10° minimum in azimuth.

−

Two of class (B+D) plus one of (C+A).

A.5

ANTENNA MA ST SPECIFICATIONS

To avoid any deterioration of information due to the antenna base structure moving in bad weather conditions, make sure the tower does bend more than 2° to 3°, in winds blowing at 150 km/h, also a good ground protection system must be provided against electrostatic discharges (lightning).


Page 61

Appendix

ADMITTED OBSTRUCTION Ho = HEIGHT IN METER

Ho METERS

FOR (Do)

FOR (Do) 5 Meters Ho = Ht - (Do / 1,428) .....(1) Ht = Ho +(Do / 1,428) .....(2)

5 Meters

Ho = Ht - 3,5 + [0,052 * (Do)].....(3) Ht = Ho +3,5 - [0,052 * (Do)].....(4)

NO REFLECTING OBJECT IN PROXIMITY of ANTENNA SMALL EXCEED THE HEIGHT ADMITTED BY THE LINE DENOTING THE HEIGHT OF THE SELECTED ANTENNA MAST

40 Ht = 18 METERS Ht = 15 METERS Ht = 12 METERS

30

Ht = 9 METERS

A 5

Ht = 6 METERS

20 18 Ht = HEIGHT of ANTENNA MAST

15 12 9

10

6

0 5

100

200

300

400

METERS

(Do) = DISTANCE OF OBSTRUCTION FROM ANTENNA VERTICAL AXIS

Figure A-2. Basic Criteria: Near and Far Obstructions


Page 62

Appendix

ADMITTED OBSTRUCTION TION OBSTRUC HoHEIGHT in HT IN METER Ho = HEIG Meters

Ho = Ht - 3,5 + [0,087 * (Do)].....(5)

Ht = Ho +3,5 - [0,087 * (Do)].....(6)

Ho METERS

Ht = 18 METERS

50

NOT MORE TH AN 2 BUILDING

Ht = 12 METERS

Azimuth angle obstructed

str ucted angle ob Azimuth by each building ≤ 10 deg. 10 deg. building by each Azimuth angle separating

40

Ht = 6 METERS

the two building ≤ 10 deg.

A 6

Azimuth angle separating the two buildings 10 deg.

Ht = HEIGHT of ANTENN A M AST

30

20

10

0 30

100

200

300

400

METERS


Figure A-3. Class A Obstruct ions: Wide Buildings


Page 63

Appendix


Ho METERS

Ho = Ht - 3,5 + [0,14 * (Do)].....(7)

Ht = Ho +3,5 - [0,14 * (Do)].....(8)

Ht = 18 METERS

70

Ht = 12 METERS NOT MORE THAN 5 BUILDING

60

Ht = 6 METERS

Azimuth angle obstructed by each building 3 deg.

A -7

Ht =

Azimuth angle separating two buildings and or groups of 2 10 deg.

50

HEIGHT of ANTENNA MAST

40

30

20

10

0 30

100

200

300

400

METERS


Figure A-4. Class B Obstruct ions: Narrow Bu ildings


Page 64

Appendix

Ho

METERS


Ho = Ht - 3,5 + [ 0,123 * (Do)].....(8)

Ht = Ho +3,5 - [0,123 * (Do)].....(9)

70

Ht = 18 METERS NOT MORE THAN 2 GROVES 60

Ht = 12 METERS

Azimuth angle obstructed by each grove 30 deg.

Ht = 6 METERS

Azimuth angle separating the two goves 10 deg.

50

Ht =


40

A 8 30

20

10

0 30

100

200

300

400

METERS


Figure A-5. Class C Obstructions: Wide Vegetation


Page 65

Appendix

Ho METERS


Ho = Ht - 3,5 + [0,23 * (Do)].....(10)

Ht = Ho +3,5 - [0,23 * (Do)].....(11)

Ht = 18 METERS Ht = 12 METERS

NOT MORE THAN 5 GROVES

100

Ht = 6 METERS

Azimuth angle obstructed by each grove

90

Ht =

9 deg.


Azimuth angle separating any two goves or group of two groves 10 deg.

80

75 70

A 9

60

50

40

30

25 20

10

0 30

100

200

300

400

METERS


Figure A-6. Class D Obstructions: Narrow Vegetation


Page 66

Appendix

APPENDIX B

PC USER WINSV-32 "WINDOWS SUPERVISOR" B.1

INTRODUCTION

The Windows Supervisor WIN SV-32 is a software that is able to simultaneously display several sites where one or more equipments can be installed. It must be used to control DME-N, TACAN and NDB equipments when DVOR or ILS are not present in the system configuration; otherwise you must use Win ADRACS Windows Supervisor program. To see the status and to control an equipment, it's also necessary to load its correspondent software manager (e.g. Windows DME415/435 Equipment Manager). The Supervisor program (SV) can only be used for equipment with LCSU units. It has been designed to satisfy two distinct requirements: −

to simultaneously display several sites where one or more equipment can be installed;

−

to permit the operator to use the configurations he prefers.

Since connection with the sites takes place through modems by using a switched line, the displayed data of an equipment are updated upon the last connection. Hence, only one equipment at a time can be managed (i.e. the connected equipment) and so is the display of the data of all equipments with which a connection has been established.

B.2

Supervis or (WINSV-32) operatio ns

In order to have access to the supervisor program operations it is necessary to know the operator identifier and the password that have to be supplied (first action) to carry out any operation. Operator identifiers and passwords are defined in pairs. Each one of them may consist of maximum eight characters. Besides, a number from 1 to 4 may be associated to each pair. This defines level and all operations to be performed. By supplying an operator identifier with relevant password not only the operations related to that level, but also the operations of lower levels are made accessible. This means that in case an operator identifierpassword pair of level 4 is supplied, it will be possible to execute all PC operations. The tree diagram, of figures B.1.a,b,c shows the various menus containing the operations distributed over four levels that can be executed by the operator. 

The following are level 1 operations:

•

display of general information on the events stored in the PC data base (Report);

•

display of the events occurred about the local PC, the LCSU units or the equipment (History Recall);

•

equipment control acquisition and execution of the following operations: −

Beacon ON and Transponder 1/2 Main;

−

Beacon OFF;

−

display of equipment events (Recall);

−

display of alarms on transponders 1/2;

−

display of warnings;

−

routine check - Trx on antenna/Trx on dummy routine check or routine check on monitors;

−

executive monitoring on antenna for executive monitoring on dummy or monitors self check


Page 67

Appendix

− − 

− −



list of setting.

The following are level 2 operations extending only the equipment operations: −



diagnostics;

Trx 1/2 operating, St by and OFF; changeover; standard measurement, Trx on Antenna, Trx on dummy, Monitor 1/2 settable by the operator.

The following are the level 3 operations: −

partial erase;

−

total erase;

−

setting and change of operative parameters;

−

defining the quantity of equipment restart attempts after a shutdown (restart delay);

−

defining the beacon correct configuration;

−

defining the routine check period.

The following are the level 4 operations: −

erase all LCSU history data and change LCSU date and time;

−

change and define passwords and levels.

The selected option can be easily identified in that it is clearly displayed. By selecting with the mouse or by pressing key Return the required operation is executed or another menu is displayed. The program has some helped information that is displayed by pressing key F1


Page 68

Appendix

Last updating date Operator identifier Password Operator identifier

Login Util

Cascade Tile Horz Tile Vert Site position Buzzer off F4

Logout Passwords Last upd Com Hist. Recall Hist. Ut Util Help

A

Level 4

OK

Cancel Add

Delete

Show Act Conn. Strategy Connect Master/Slave Act Store Connection activities All Equip PC

Restore Backup Partial Erase Total Erase

Set Margin Print Document Buzzer off F4

Hist, Ut Events Print Util Help

Cascade Tile Horz Arrange Icon Index Using Help About Dbiom

Report Status Compact PC Dbase Repair PC database Reset PC database Cascade Tile Horz Tile Vert Buzzer logic Buzzer type Buzzer off F4 Index Using Help About SV

Figure B.1.a. Tree diagram of the sup erviso r operatio ns (Sheet 1 of 3)


Page 69

Appendix

Hist data Notes Last upd LCSU Help

LCSU Help

Recall Report Status Compact Repair Reset

Last updating date

Change LCSU date & time Erase all LCSU history data Frozen Status Clear

Note file


Date and Time Hist, Ut Events Print Util Help

Set Margin Print Document Buzzer off F4 Cascade Tile Horz Arrange Icon Index Using Help About Dbiom

Figure B.1.b. Tree diagram of the superv isor operations (Sheet 2 of 3)


Page 70

Appendix

EQUIPMENT

Hist data Last upd Help

Recall Report Status Compact Repair Reset

Last updating date Help

Events RChk Measurements Status Hist. Ut Print Util Help

Index Using Help About Dbdmen

All events Alarms Warnings Status variation Commands Settings Other

Trx Main Trx Standby Monitors

Executive monitoring Trx Monitors

Alarms Table Warnings Table

Set Margin Print Document

Cascade Tile Horz Arrange Icon Buzzer off F4


All Trx Main RChk Trx Stby RChk Mon RChk Other Measurements All events Alarm events Warning events Status variation Commands Settings Other events Executive monitoring Alarms table Warnings table

Figure B.1.c. Tree diagram of the superv isor operations (Sheet 3 of 3)


Page 71

Appendix

B.3

Supervis or (WIN (WINSVSV-32 32)) prog ram Installati on

The PC Supervisor software to be installed first and it is supplied on 3,5” floppy disks or Compact Disc. When installation CD is provided, consider single floppy disks as a folder subset into the same Compact Disc support. NOTE: a) It is recommended to make a backup of the original floppy disks prior to installation. b) Selection and processing of windows and displays follows the usual instructions according to the WINDOWS manual. c) To avoid bringing in a computer virus it is not allowed to run computer games generally and to use software programs, which are not authorized on the Maintenance Data Terminal (PC). It is recommended to test the computer or disks with a virus checker. The following 3,5" floppy disks are required to install the WIN32 Supervisor program: (Open Data Base Connectivity): n° 3 disks or Compact Disc subfolder; − ODBC-32 (Windows SuperVisor 32 bit): n°2 disks or Compact Disc subfolder; − WINSV-32 ADRACS SV: n°2 disks or Compact Disc subfolder (see APPENDIX C) − WINDDE-32 for ADRACS Manager): n°2 disks or Compact Disc subfolder. (see APPENDIX APPENDIX D) − WINDME-32 (Equipment Manager): The "UTIL" floppy disk is only necessary for the LCSU configuration (see section 3) B.3.1

Installation of the ODBC ODBC program

In order to install the ODBC program carry out the following operations: a. Run Windows. Windows. Insert the ODBC-1 disk into the floppy disk drive (usually A:). From the Windows Explorer execute the SETUP.EXE program. Follow instructions on the screen Then the main window, shown in figure B.2. is displayed.

. Figure B.2. Main Main ODBC wind ow Press key Continue. The Continue. The screen of figure B.3., is B.3., is displayed. Select first the large button to start for Complete Installation and than Continue in the Chose Program Group window.

Figure B.3. ODBC installation


Page 72

Appendix

c. Carry out all indications supplied by the installation program. The screen of figureB.4. figure B.4. is displayed with the request to insert disk OBDC-2, OBDC-2, and than ODBC-3, ODBC-3, to install the ODBC program. Press key OK to continue installation when the requested disk is inserted.

Figure B.4. Disk 2 insertion d. When the installation installation is terminated, the screen of figureB.5. figureB.5. warns the operator.

Figure B.5. B.5. ODBC ODBC completion of installation e. Is possible to check that the installation is performed by opening the ODBC window, in the Control Panel, as shown in figure B.6.; press B.6.; press key Close to close the window.

Figure B .6. Data Data Base Source

B.3.2

Installation of the supervisor program

In order to install the Supervisor Program carry out the following operations: a. Insert disk SV into SV into the 3,5" floppy disk drive. From the Windows Explorer, execut e program SETUP.EXE. The main window shown in figure B.7. will appear. If user will proceed with default parameters, press Enter key key or click Next button. button.


Page 73

Appendix

Figure B.7. Set-up of the SV program, initial image and License Agreement approbation

nd

Figure B.8. Set-up Set-up of th e SV SV Progr Progr am, desti desti nation and 2 disk insertion insertion If the SV program is installed already, the warning notices of the figures B.9. will appear (visualization of screen type of messages: in figure B.10.). B.10.). Press "YES "YES"" to confirm. Press "NO "NO"" to refuse. NOTE: NOTE: If the operator, in figure B.9.1), B.9.1), reply "Yes" is necessary to re-install the "Equipment Manager" program.

1)

2)

3)

Figure B.9. B.9. Warning Warning n otices for program SV old version b. Upon successful installation the screen of FigureB.10. Figure B.10. is displayed


Page 74

Appendix

Figure B.10. Message type and completion program installation c. Select key OK or Finish to create icon WIN-SV in the check panel of Windows (see Figure B.11.)

Figure B.11. Icon of the Supervisor Program

d) With old version SV program (not necessary by new version): in the autoexec bat file insert the following string SET TZ = PST0 NOTE: The following figure B.12. will appear only if the string SET TZ=PST0 must be previously inserted in autoexec.bat file.

Figure B .12. Mess age SET TZ=PST0

B.3.3

Installation of t he equipment pro gram

In order to install the equipment program WINDME 415/435-32 (Equipment Manager) insert the relevant disk into the floppy disk drive and repeat the operations for the supervisor program installation. Installation of Equipment Manager program: to see APPENDIX D – DME 415/435 EQUIPMENT MANAGER -


Page 75

Appendix

B.3.4

Site and Center Configuration

In the supervisor program installation directory, the NETCONF.EXE (or SVDDECNF.EXE with ADRACS) program is present. Its main function is to automatically configure the necessary files to connect the PC to the equipment. The composition of the directories in the Hard Disk can be summarized as shown in figureB.13. Main directory SITE 1 SITE 2 SITE 3

Figure B.13. Directory composit ion From Windows Explorer, execute the NETCONF.EXE program. It is displayed as shown in figure B.14.

Figure B.14. Site and Center Configuration, initial display As can be noticed, all items displayed in the previous screen are disabled, except for item Ac ti ons. By this item, the following options can be selected: −

SITE (create a site);

−

DELETE SITE;

−

CENTER (create a center);

−

DELETE CENTER.


Page 76

Appendix

B.3.4.1 Create a site Figure B.15. shows how a site is created. Action

Site/Center Name

SITE

OK

Connect Mode (Modo di Connessione)

USER NAME connessione a linea

DIRETTA

BAUD RATE Serial Port EXT STATUS EQUIPMENT DME 435 ILS VOR NDB .......... .......... ..........

connessione a linea

COMMUTATA

USER NAME BAUD RATE Serial Port EXT STATUS PHONE NUMBER CALL TIMEOUT CALL BACK TIMEOUT LINE VERIFICATION RATE FULL CONNECTION TIMEOUT NR TRY CONNECTION FIRST DELAY SECOND DELAY NEXT DELAY

DATI SALVATI

Figure B.15. Create a Site

In order to create a site, carry out the following operations: a. From menu, Ac ti ons select option SITE. In this way, the edit text Site/Center Name becomes active. The option CENTER is dedicated to a particular use, it is not therefore to use him in the normal configurations (for information of this option, please to contact the Thales) b. Digit the name of the site to be created (maximum 4 characters) and press key OK. Name drawn by LCSU configuration, file EMUL. EXE, to screens " Site code " (as from section 3 para 3.2.2.1.2.1 in this volume) c. From menu, Connect Mode selects the connection mode to be established. The possible connections are DIRECT and SWITCHED. Based on the selection the relevant texts are automatically enabled. In case the SITE name already exists, the text and equipment list are automatically updated with the existing parameters. Otherwise, they are updated with predefined parameters.


Page 77

Appendix

d. Insert or change the following parameters: −

User Name: it corresponds to the user name set at the configuration time of LCSU unit (maximum 4 characters); Name drawn by LCSU configuration, file EMUL. EXE, to screens " Users configuration " (as from section 3 para 3.2.2.1.2.2 in this volume)

−

Node Name: it corresponds to the name of the node. The PC inserted to the DME will have the same one it initials of the "User Name." Example, if the PC is connected to a remote control which, it is connected to the radiobeacon, the name it will have to correspond to the name of the (node) remote control (drawn from "RCSI Code" with the program EMUL.EXE to the RCSI and going to configuration mode)

−

Node to Site Connection: Two possible options: DIRECT connection direct line; SWITCHED: connection in line commuted through modem. These two options are possible if to the box Connect Mode has been select DIRECT, otherwise it is default SWITCHED

−

Baud rate: it is the baud rate between PC and the LCSU unit in case of direct connection or between PC and modem in case of switched connection:

−

Serial port: serial port of the used PC on which equipment or modem is connected ;

−

Ext Status: YES, always with LCSU unit; NO= on old IOM unit AUX 32 bi ts (optional): on LCSU 32 auxiliary signals are available if the PC is connected to the equipment through a node (RCSI with Italian firmware).

−

Equipment: select the name of the equipment present on site. Press key Ad d or Remove to add or remove the equipment from the Equipment Selected that is automatically updated.

−

Site: list configuration of sites

−

Center and Site exist: onl y in case of CENTER conf igur ation

−

In case of switched connection, (SWITCHED LINE PARAMETER) also the following parameters can be set: −

Telephone Number: telephone number on site

−

Call Timeout: upon the call the PC waits for a time lapse corresponding to this value. Then the connecting attempt is considered unsuccessful (in seconds).

−

Back Call Timeout: waiting time (in seconds) to conclude connection with call back.

−

Line verification rate: call repetition period (in seconds) to verify the line.

−

Full connection timeout: waiting "full" time to obtain connection on site.

−

Nr. Try Connection: number of failed connecting attempts after which the link is considered faulty.

−

Retries Delay −

First Delay: delay of the first attempt.

−

Second Delay: delay of the second attempt.

−

Next Delay: delay of the third attempt.

−

Voice: N. U.

−

PC Mode: N.U.

-

Save: Press this key to save the data. The list of existing sites is automatically updated if a new site is inserted.

-

Cancel: To press this key to cancel all the inserted data

e. Figure B.16. shows a configuration example.


Page 78

Appendix

DME 435

DME 435

Figure B.16. Site Configur ation Exampl e


Page 79

Appendix

B.3.4.2 Site Delete Figure B.17. shows how to delete a site.

DELETE SITE

S i t e L is t

S IT E 1

D O U B L E C L IC K

A r e y o u s u r e t o d e l e t e

S IT E 2

t h is S I T E ?

S IT E 3 .......... .......... ..........

YES DELETE

Figure B.17. Site Delete In order to delete a site carry out the following operations: a. From menu, Ac ti ons select option DELETE SITE. In this way, a list of already configured sites (square Site) becomes active. Besides, the operator is informed by message: Please: Select from *SITE LIST* the site to delete. Press key OK to continue. b. Select the site name to delete and press keyDelete. Otherwise, click twice on the item to delete. c. Before site, deleting the operator is asked to confirm the operation by means of message: Are you su re to delete thi s SITE? Press key YES to confirm. Press key NO to abort. The screen of figure B.18.. shows how to delete a site.

Figure B.18. Examples of Sit e delete


Page 80

Appendix

B.3.4.3

Create a center

Figure B.19. shows how to create a center.

CENTER

Center Name?

SV NAME BAUD RATE COM. PORT

OK

? ? ?

SITE 1 SITE 2 SITE 3 .......... .......... ..........

UPDATE

Figure B.19. Create a Center

In order to create a center carry out the following operations: a. From menu, Ac ti ons select option Center. In this way, text Site/Center Name becomes active. b. Digit the center name to be created (maximum 4 characters) and press keyOK. c. In case the center name already exists, the text and site list are automatically updated with the existing parameters. Conversely, they are updated with predefined parameters. d. Insert or change the parameters as described in itemd. of paragraph B.3.4.1. e. In order to add SITES to the Center select the site to be added from menuSite and press key Ad ded, otherwise click twice on the item to be added. f. Press key Update to save the inserted data. The list of existing centers is automatically updated if a new center has been inserted. Figure B.20. shows an example of how to create a center.


Page 81

Appendix

Figure B.20. Example of how to Create a Center

B.3.4.4

Delete Center

In order to delete a center carry out the following operations: (Figure B.21. shows how to delete a center). a. From menu Ac ti ons select option DELETE CENTER. In this way, the list of already configured centers (square Center ) becomes active. Besides, the operator is informed by message: Please: Select from *CENTER LIST* the center to delete. Press key OK to continue. b. Select the center name to delete and press keyDelete. Otherwise, click twice on the item to delete. c. Before deleting a center the operator is asked to confirm the operation by means of message: Are you sure to delete this *CENTER*? Press key YES to confirm. Press key NO to abort. The screen of figure B.22. shows how to delete a center.

DELETE CENTER

Center List

CENTER 1 CENTER 2 CENTER 3 .......... .......... ..........

DOUBLE CLICK

Are you sure to delet e this CENTER?

YES DELETE

Figure B.21. Delete a Center


Page 82

Appendix

Figure B.22. Example of how to d elete a Center


Page 83

Appendix

B.4

SUPERVISOR (WINSV-32) – INSTRUCTION for USE

B.4.1

Program activation

Upon activating the supervisor program from WINDOWS, the screen shown in figureB.23. appears.

Figure B.23. Config uration (SV) Selection The window displays a list of files corresponding to the configuration of memorized sites. Each file may include both a set of sites and one single site so as to help the operator in case he wants to be connected to only one equipment. When selecting a file the route of the selected file appears in the first line of the window, while a short description of the selected file appears in the lower part of the window (presence of one or more sites and type of connection). Said description corresponds to the text defined by operator when configuring the program, e.g.: −

DME435 sit e Vim 1 connection through swi tched line

−

DME435 sit e Vime 2 connection through sw itched line.

By pressing pushbutton Cancel, the Supervisor Program is aborted. By pressing OK key, the WINSV program is started. WINSV reads database update dates, writing recorded data in background. NOTE: Al l s creens in this manual refer to onl y one sit e wi th only one equi pment. B.4.2

SUPERVISOR (SV) APPLICATIONS

Upon updating, the screen of figure B.24. appears:

Beginning window

After clicking on the "LCSU" line

After clicking on the "DME" line

Figure B.24. Supervisor (SV) Applications


Page 84

Appendix

The bar of menus permits the following selections: Login; − Util. −

Another window (see figure B.24.) appears on the screen. It identifies the site. The LCSU unit and equipment status menus are enabled. B.4.2.1

Login

In order to have access to the supervisor functions (permitting to control an equipment installed on site), the Login function is required. When selecting the Login function, on the window to insert the operator identifier: the password is immediately displayed, as shown in figure B.25. The operator be obliged to insert the password on the keyboard. A number of asterisks equal to the password length will appear in the password line. Then by pressing pushbutton OK the inserted data will be checked by the program. Should at least one of them be incorrect, the login request will be rejected and message Password or Username not valid will be displayed. If all data are correct, the main menu appears (on the commands bar) and the operator has access to all operations enabled by his password.

Figure B.25. Logi n The following are the menus that can be selected as shown in figureB.26.: −

Passwords: accessible only with level 4 password. It defines names, passwords and corresponding levels.

−

Last upd: displaying the last equipment updating.

−

Com: displaying the type of operations to be carried out for communication with the controlled sites, to select the connection mode and to start or close the connection with the controlled sites.

−

Hist. Recall: displaying the events for equipment installed on site and for the local PC.

−

Hist. Ut: displaying general information on the events memorized in the PC data base.

−

Util: with horizontal, vertical superimposed windows, deactivating the audible alarm.

−

Help: supplying information on the state of windows of the LCSU unit and of the equipment.

−

Logout: for exit


Page 85

Appendix

Figure B.26. Menu equip ment , after Logi n

In order to display the options related to different menus select the desired item with the mouse. To correctly close the Supervisor Program, first close all open windows, select option Logout and click on the upper right-hand square of the main window. B.4.2.2

Menu Util

In this menu they find place the functions of utility for the positioning of the various screen (to see fig.B.27.) to care and satisfaction of the operator

Figure B.27. Menu UTIL

B.4.2.3

Passwords

This option permits to display, change or define operator identifiers, passwords and corresponding levels. For selection login by supplying a level 4 operator identifier-password pair. When selecting option Passwords from the main commands bar, a window containing the list of operator identifiers, levels and commands OK, Cancel, Ad d and Delete is displayed, as is shown in figure B.28.


Page 86

Appendix

Password List

Password add Figure B.28. Passwords

By using command OK all changes are confirmed. By using command Cancel no change is recorded. By using command Add it is possible to add a new operator identifier and level to the list, as is shown in figure B.28. The operator must digit the identifier of the new user on the proper line, move to the next line with the mouse (or by using the TAB key of the keyboard), write the password and level operator. PressOK to confirm data insertion. Should an incorrect parameter be inserted, the operator is informed by message incorrect password - not added. Press OK to return to the previous window. In case of correct data insertion, confirm the password by pressing command OK of the password list window. By means of Delete command the selected operator identifier is cancelled from the list of identifiers. In case all identifiers are cancelled, the operator is warned by message: Not allowed to remove all the passwords. Press OK to return to the previous window. To exit use command Cancel; in this case, the operator is informed by message: Password table will not be changed! The program returns to the screen with the Login menu. At least one level 4 password should remain in the list. If also the level 4 password is cancelled when confirming the change by means of command OK message At least one level 4 passw ord is required. appears. In order to use command Delete always selects an identifier. Conversely, the operator is warned by message At least one item has to be selected.

B.4.2.4

Last updating date

When selecting option Last upd a window as shown in figure B.29. is displayed, showing date and time of last updating of the connected equipment.

Figure B.29. Last up dating d ate


Page 87

Appendix

B.4.2.5 Communications (Com) Menu Com, as shown in figure B.30. has the following options: Show act; − Conn. Strategy; − Connect. − Master/slave Act − Store Connection Activities −

Figure B.30. Com m enu B.4.2.5.1

Show action

By selecting option Show act a window showing the last communication activities with the controlled sites is displayed (see figure B.31.)

Figure B.31. Communication activities B.4.2.5.2

Connection strategy

By selecting this option (only in case of several sites) a window is displayed to select the connection strategy (see figure B.31.). This option affects communication when starting the program in case more than one site is connected through the switched line.


Page 88

Appendix

Figure B.32. Connection strategy The following connection strategies can be used: −

First ends site hist. data updating when connection is set with one site, all history data are updated. Upon completion of updating, the connection is closed to pass to the next site. History updating has priority over next site updating.

−

First updates all sites status: status updating has priority over history updating. The program first tries to update the status of each controlled site. Then it updates history data. In this way, communication with one site is closed before recording all history data from the LCSU unit, if the status of another site connected through the switched line has not been updated.

−

Connection on user request only: connection with a site is established only upon operator’s request.

B.4.2.5.3

Connection t o site

When selecting this option a window is displayed, listing all sites connected through a switched line, as is shown in figure B.33. Selecting a site pushbuttons Connect and Disconnect permit the operator to connect or disconnect communication.

Figure B.33. Connection to site B.4.2.5.4

Master/slave Action

This option shows the correct on line operation, when two PC are network connected. B.4.2.5.5

Store Connection Acti vities

This option is valid only if is set a connection through modem. The activation of this option enables the memorization in the relationship of activity of the executed telephone connections B.4.2.6

Hist. Recall

By selecting this menu, a window as shown in figure B.34. is displayed. It contains the following options: − −

Al l Eqpt : history recall of all controlled equipment; PC: history recall of PC.


Page 89

Appendix

AANS - DME/N 415/435

Figure B.34. Hist. Recall

B.4.2.6.1

Al l Eqpt

By selecting this option a window (History Recall) is displayed, which permits to set the date and time of research and which is confirmed by pressing pushbutton OK. In this way, the screen as shown in figureB.35. is displayed with events recorded for all controlled equipment. By pressing pushbutton, YES the equipment events are displayed in an appropriate window related to the previous date and hour. This window is option Events of the individual equipment that will be analyzed later on. By pressing pushbutton NO, the request is repeated for the next equipment. By pressing pushbutton CANCEL, the whole operation is aborted.

YES

CANCEL

Figure B.35. History Recall of All Eqpt

B.4.2.6.2

PC Hist . data recall

By selecting option PC a window is displayed presenting a bar with the following commands: Util; − Events; − Hist. Ut; − Print; − Help. −

Recall menu

Events

Figure B.36. PC History data recall


Page 90

Appendix

For the PC, these options supply the same information that will be described later on for each equipment (example: figure B.36.) B.4.2.7

Hist. Ut menu

By selecting Hist. Ut, the menu as shown in figure B.37. is displayed. It permits to enter the following commands: Report − Status − Compact PC dbase − Repair PC dbase − Reset PC dbase −

Figure B.37. Histor y Ut menu

B.4.2.7.1

History data Report

By selecting option, Report a window as shown in figure B.38. is displayed. It permits to display all general information on the events memorized in the PC database for all connected equipment. The information involved is: −

stored records and period of events (available data from: ... to: ...) on the LCSU unit (name of site - LCSU unit);

−

stored records and period of events (available data from: ... to: ...) on the equipment (name of site - type of equipment);

−

stored records and period of events (available data from: ... to: ...) on Routine Checks through the transponder connected to the antenna (TRX main RChk);

−

stored records and period of events (available data from: ... to: ...) on Routine Checks through the transponder connected to the dummy load (TRX stby RChk);

−

stored records and period of events (available data from: ... to: ...) on Routine Checks on monitors (Monitors RChk);

−

Disk space used by history files;

−

stored records and period of events (available data from: ... to: ...) on local PC (PC local history data);

−

Free hard disk space.


Page 91

Appendix

Figure B.38. Histo ry data Report

B.4.2.7.2

Al l equipment hist ory d ata stat us enabl ing/dis ablin g

By selecting, option Status a window as per figure B.39. is displayed, showing the status of all connected equipment and of the PC. It is possible to enable or disable the history data.

Figure B.39. All equipment hi story data status enabling/disabling The history data status may assume the following values: −

Empty: no data recorded.

−

Faulty: Failure on to read-write of the database.

−

OK: no error when entering the history data. Updating with information stored in the LCSU unit has not been completed if PC is not connected with LCSU.

−

Updated: no error when entering history data. Updating with the information stored in the LCSU unit has been completed. Not applicable for PC history data.

−

Updating: updating with the information stored in the LCSU unit is in progress. Not applicable for PC history data.

B.4.2.7.3

Compact and Repairing PC dbase

This utility option permits the defragmentation of data cancelled on Hard Disk. It is suggested when the operator deletes the files. The messages in figure B.40. appear at the end of the operations.

Figure B.40. Compact and Repairin g PC dbase – Messages


Page 92

Appendix

B.4.2.8

Util menu

By selecting this menu (see figure B.41.) it is possible to enter the following commands: − − − − − −

Cascade: displays windows by overlapping; Tile Horz; displays horizontal windows ; Tile Vert: displays vertical windows; Buzzer Logic: preset the logic for the acoustic alarm (see fig.B.41.) Buzzer Type: preset the type for the acoustic alarm Buzzer off F4: deactivates the audible alarm (buzzer).

Figure B.41. Util menu

Figure B.42. Logic and t ype for th e acous tic alarm (buzzer)

B.4.2.9

Help

By selecting this menu (see figure B.43.) it is possible to enter the following commands: −

Index: to open help of the supervisor program from where it is possible to enter all types of information.

−

Using help: to enter the summary of how to use help.

−

About SV: displaying a window supplying information on the copyright and version of the installed program.

Figure B .43. Help menu


Page 93

Appendix

B.4.3

STATUS OF SITES

Inside Login, all windows related to the status of sites are displayed; their arrangement is to be taken care of by the operator. The window consists of two lines: the first displays the site name, the second displays DATA COMM. By clicking on DATA COMM the window expands as is shown in figure B.44.

Figure B.44. Site identification The first identifier on the left-hand upper side indicates the type of check unit, the ones below indicate the types of equipment on site. Pushbutton Close is to be used to close the window. The following indications may appear in the black field: −

AL ARM: it is displayed when at least one equipment has one or more alarm conditions (LCSU units included);

−

DATA COMM: it is displayed in case of a faulty connection with the LCSU unit;

−

Eqp datacom: it is displayed when at least one equipment does not communicate with the LCSU unit;

−

Status not upd: it is displayed when the equipment status information has not been updated due to either a faulty configuration or to a breakdown between the LCSU unit and PC before transferring the information on all equipment;

−

MAINT: (option) it is displayed when the LCSU unit is under maintenance conditions (a maintenance operator has the LCSU unit under manual control).

−

WARNING: it is displayed when at least one equipment (LCSU units included) presents one or more warning conditions.

−

NORMAL: it is displayed under regular operating conditions of all equipment (LCSU units included).

B.4.3.1 LCSU unit By clicking on LCSU, a window as shown in figure B.45. appears displaying status information of the LCSU unit. The window caption indicates the site name as well as the name of the LCSU unit.

Figure B.45. LCSU unit The first column on the left is provided with three fields wherein the following indications appear: ♦

first field: connection status with the site.


Page 94

Appendix

•

Conn. disabled wit h the site: In case of switched line a click on this field starts or ends the connection. In both cases, the user is asked for confirmation. It is only displayed upon starting the program before the first attempt to connect. −

−

Conn. standby with the site: it is only displayed in case the PC is connected to the LCSU unit by means of switched line. This text appears in case of a connection breakdown if upon a previous activation the received information about the site equipment status was correct.

−

•

♦

Conn. full with the site: the operator is enabled to perform allowed actions. Conn. fty with the site: it is displayed in case the connection request is unsuccessful because of a fault on the line.

−

♦

Conn. protected wit h the site: the connection is active, but the operator is not enabled to any action because he has no equipment under control.

second field: connection status when the unit is directly connected. It may be different from the LCSU located at the site, in case there is intermediate RCSI in communication link with the site: Conn. disabled with XXXX: it is only displayed upon starting the program before the first attempt to connect. −

Start conn. with XXXX:

−

Conn. active w ith XXXX: it is displayed when the connection is active.

−

Conn. faulty with XXXX: it is displayed when the PC is connected to the LCSU unit through an RCSI indicator to inform the operator of a fault on the connecting line between the RCSI indicator and the LCSU unit.

−

Conn. standby with XXXX: it is displayed when the PC is connected to an RCSI indicator, which in turn is connected to the LCSU unit through a switched line. This text is displayed in the same way as the previously described “conn. standby with the site”.

it is displayed at the time of starting the connection and remains until connection is activated.

third field: LCSU date and t ime: displaying the date and time of the LCSU unit. When the unit is under maintenance conditions, text Maintenance appears.

The two fields of the of the middle column display the following indications: •

first field: External inputs status, according to their configuration. A window that displays the detailed status of the configured external inputs is opened when the user clicks on this field The displayed text can be: −

Env. Alarm: it is displayed when at least one of the external inputs configured, as alarm is active.

−

Env. warning: it is displayed when at least one of the external inputs configured, as warning is active.

−

External In: it is displayed when at least one of the external inputs as normal or control, is active. Blank if all external inputs are off, or external inputs are not configured.

• −

second field: Warning: it is displayed in case a warning for the LCSU unit is detected (blank in case of no warning). By clicking twice on the field, a detailed list appears. Pushbutton Ext. Out permits the operator to open a window for auxiliary outputs.

In the third column, field in the Control area display the check status of the LCSU unit. It may assume the following values:


Page 95

Appendix

−

Avail able: it is displayed when control is available,

−

Undet.: it is displayed when control is undetermined,

−

Pending: it is displayed when the control request is pending,

−

to XXXX: it is displayed when user XXXX has the control.

Pushbutton Request allows the user to request equipment control. B.4.3.1.1

History data

This menu permits to display general information on the events stored in the PC data base, to save data on disk, to reload data from disk, to partial erase, to total erase. Upon selection, the screen of figure B.46. appears showing the following options: − − − − − −

Recall; Report; Status Compact; Repair; Reset.

Figure B.46. Hist data menu B.4.3.1.1.1 Recall This menu activates the program to recall history data. Upon selection, the window of figure B.47. appears showing the following options: Util;

−

Events;

− −

Hist. Ut;

Print;

−

Help.

−

Figure B.47. Hist. data recall m enu


Page 96

Appendix

B.4.3.1.1.2 History data Recall The following menu activates the program for the call of the historical data; if selected, the window of figure B.48. is shown with the bar of the menu and respective submenus.

Figure B.48. Hist . data - Hist ory d ata Recall

B.4.3.1.1.3 Util When selecting this option the menu of figure B.49.appears. It permits the operator to carry out the following operations: −

Cascade: showing the windows by overlapping.

−

Tile: showing the windows horizontally.


Page 97

Appendix

−

Arrange Icons: showing the icons in the lower section of the main window.

−

Buzzer off F4: deactivating the audible alarm (buzzer).

Figure B.49. Util menu B.4.3.1.1.4 Events When selecting this option, a window as shown in figure B.50. appears. It permits to set date and time of recorded events.

Figure B.50. Setting date and ti me of events

Confirm data by pressing pushbutton OK. In this way, a window (see figure B.51.)appears which shows all events recorded from the starting date.

Figure B.51. Events

The following commands are situated in the lower section of the window: −

Next: moves to next information;

−

Prev: moves to previous information;

−

Next page: moves to the next data page;

−

Prev.Page: moves to the previous data page;


Page 98

Appendix

−

First: moves to the first recorded data;

−

Last: moves to the last recorded data;

−

New d ate: a window appears requiring a new date and time to update the events;

−

Print: to print the displayed data.

To close the window click on the upper right square. B.4.3.1.1.5 Hist. Ut When selecting this option, the menu of figure B.52. is displayed.

Figure B.52. Hist . Ut menu −

Command Restore is used to restore the previously saved data in a backup file, so as to recall and display them. By selecting this option, a window where to find the backup files (see figureB.53.) is displayed.

Figure B .53. Data base restore After having selected the backup file the program displays a window (see figure B.54.) wherein the start/end date and time of history restore can be set. In order to insert date and time select Restore All, type the desired data and press OK. In case of full restore press OK directly, because optionRestore All is always selected with the window displayed. Abort the operation by pressing Cancel.

Figure B.54. Setting o f data restor e date and tim e Appears message: Do you want to delete the stored history data? Answer YES to delete the stored data and replace them with the backup file data.


Page 99

Appendix

−

By selecting command, Backup the window of figure B.55. appears and the operator is enabled to save the data base data in a file.

Figure B.55. Data base saving In this window, the file name for data saving is selected. If the user wants to modify the file name, the proper name must be inserted in the file name control. Whatever extension the operator uses, for the backup files the program adopts extensions .BKD and .BKI. Besides it checks whether the disk has enough space to start the operation and informs the operator in case the disk is full. If the file does not exist, the operator is asked to create it through message: The selected file does not exist yet! Do you w ant to create it? If the answer is NO, the saving operation is aborted. If the answer is YES, the file is created. The window of figure B.56. is displayed and here the operator can insert the start date of saving. By pressing Cancel, the operation is aborted. To insert date and time, select option Backup All, type the desired starting date and time, and press OK. In case of full saving, press OK directly.

Figure B.56. Setti ng of data base saving date and time If the file exists, the program checks whether the equipment and site names in the selected file correspond to those of the current equipment. If they do not correspond, the operator is informed and the operation is aborted. It is not possible to know in advance the number of bytes for full recording, hence it may occur that not all data are recorded because of a lack of space (e.g. on one floppy disk). In this case, the date and time of the last backup record are displayed so that from the next record on the operator can restart a new procedure on a new disk. If at the time of incremental backup a fault occurs on the PC (e.g. a loss of mains voltage) it may occur that the files on disk are altered and that the previously saved files are lost. To resolve this problem proceed as follows: −

copy the file before adding new data to the selected file. In this way, it is possible to repeat the procedure without losing the previous data;

−

save the data in a new file. For instance, start the procedure with fileXXX1.bkd and when saving use another file XXX2.bkd. Before saving the new data on file XXX2.bkd, be careful to select the procedure start date so as to avoid saving twice the same data or skip other data. Hence proceed as follows:


Page 100

Appendix

−

select file XXX1.bkd for data backup,

−

as the file exists, after having checked the site and equipment names, the program displays the dates of the first and last record. Write down the date of the last record and abort the operation (pushbutton Cancel),

−

now it is possible to start backup of file XXX2.bkd by giving the last recording date of previous file XXX1.bkd as the start date.

Option Partial Erase permits to erase a number of events from the PC hard disk with the facility to decide the erase time lapse. For this operation, first select option Parti al Erase. Consequently, the window of figure B.57. is displayed. It shows message: LCSU of site XXXX All events - Partial erase Do you con fir m? asking the operator to confirm his request. By using pushbutton NO, the operation is aborted. By using pushbutton YES, the operation is confirmed. Upon confirmation the window showed in figure B.57. appears for the start/end date and time of erase. −

Confirm

Setting of date and time Figure B .57. Partial Erase By pressing Cancel, the operation is aborted. If the operator selects a time lapse without data recording message: Database was already empty for the selected period appears. Press pushbutton OK to exit. −

Option Total Erase permits to erase all events recorded in the PC hard disk database upon operator confirmation (see figure B.58.). By pressing pushbutton OK, the operation takes place. By pressing Cancel, the operation is aborted.

CANCEL

Figure B.58. Total Erase B.4.3.1.1.6 Print When selecting this option (see figure B.59.) it is possible to set the margins of the pages to be printed and to print the displayed data.

Figure B.59. Print m enu


Page 101

Appendix

B.4.3.1.1.7 Help This option supply the same information described in paragraphB.4.2.9. B.4.3.1.1.8 Report Selecting this option, the window of figure B.56. is displayed. It is the same option as that described in paragraph B.4.2.7.1, except that it is specific for the LCSU unit.

Figure B.60. LCSU unit report B.4.3.1.1.9 LCSU unit st atus Selecting this option, the window of figure B.61. is displayed. It is the same as that described in paragraph B.4.2.7.2, except that it is specific for the LCSU unit.

Figure B.61. Status enabling/disabling for the LCSU unit B.4.3.1.2

Notes

This option permits the operator to edit a text file for notes. Each site configuration has a text file name that is given at the time of program configuration. If the file does not exist, the operator is prompted to create it as is shown in figure B.62.

Figure B .62. Notes If the operation is not to be continued, press NO. If the file has to be created, press YES. In this way, the NOTEPAD window is displayed, asking to confirm creation of file XXXX.txt. Press YES to confirm the file name, press NO to create a nameless file that will be given a name when saving. NOTE Only one file at a time can be opened. If a new file is to be opened, close the open file and open another file of another site. In case the file is opened by another program, it can neither be opened by option Notes.


Page 102

Appendix

B.4.3.1.3

Last updating

When selecting this option a window as shown in figure B.63. appears showing the date and time of last updating of the LCSU unit.

Figure B.63. Last upd ating date of t he LCSU unit B.4.3.1.4

LCSU menu

When selecting LCSU the menu of figure B.64. appears. The options of this menu are only enabled if the LCSU unit is under control.

Change LCSU date & time Erase all LCSU history data Clear Frozen Status

Figure B.64. LCSU under contr ol B.4.3.1.4.1 Change LCSU date and tim e This option permits the operator to change date and time of the LCSU unit. By selecting it a window is opened to set the new date and time. In case of date and time prior to those of the last LCSU updating are inserted, the operator is warned that history data may get lost, hence data change is accepted only if the operator confirms. B.4.3.1.4.2 Erase all L CSU his tory data This option permits the operator to erase all LCSU unit history data. B.4.3.1.4.3 Frozen status This option permits to re-enable storage and display (e.g. if upon a malfunctioning the equipment undergoes continuous status variations, the LCSU unit blocks memorization to avoid storage of useless data). B.4.3.1.5

Help

By selecting this option, a window of LCSU unit general data appears. B.4.3.2

Equipment

By selecting the equipment, name identifier a window as shown in figure B.65. appears displaying the equipment status information. The example here below refers to a DME 435 equipment. However, the same indications are also valid for other equipment. The window caption mentions the site and equipment names, while the menu titles are indicated on the line below.


Page 103

Appendix

DME 435

Figure B.65. Equipm ent The four columns are identified as MON1, MON2, TX1 and TX2. The following indications can be displayed in the MON1 and MON2 columns: • − − •

first field: ALARM: it is displayed when a monitor main alarm occurs on the antenna transponder. Sec Al: it is displayed when a monitor secondary alarm occurs on the antenna transponder. second field:

−

Stby-Al: it is displayed when a monitor primary alarm occurs on the dummy load transponder.

−

Stby-Sec Al: it is displayed when a monitor secondary alarm occurs on the dummy load transponder.

•

third field:

−

FAULTY: it is displayed if a monitor is faulty because testing has been unsuccessful.

−

DATACOM: it is displayed only for the DME-400 and NDB-436 equipment upon faulty communication between the monitor and the LCSU unit.

• −

fourth field: Bypassed: it is displayed under manual control of both monitors.

The following indications of status of equipment may appear in the TX1 and TX2 columns: ♦

first field:

−

OPERATING: it is displayed under automatic operation of the equipment with the transponder connected to the antenna. It may also be displayed under manual operation by means of the relevant command that can be selected from the menu. In this case the transponder will be connected either to the antenna or to the dummy load depending upon the current connection.

−

ON: (not available on DME-415/435) this text never appears under automatic operation. Under manual operation, it is displayed only in case the operator has not given the relevant command to be selected from the menu.

−

STBY: under automatic operation it is displayed when the transponder is connected to the dummy load and a normal standby level has been selected (NORMAL). Instead if the operator has set a hot standby level (HOT) this text will never appear, but text OPERATING is displayed. Under manual operation, this text can also be displayed by means of the relevant command that can be selected from the menu.

−

OFF: (not available on DME-415/435) it is displayed under manual operation when the transponder is faulty or the operator has turned OFF the equipment. With the transponder OFF, no power supply voltage is received. Under manual operation, it can also be displayed by means of the relevant command that can be selected from the menu. For equipment NDB-436 is not available: Operating and Stby):

♦

second field:


Page 104

Appendix

WARNING: it is displayed when one or more secondary alarm conditions occurred on the equipment.

−

– ♦

–

DATACOM: it is displayed only for the DME-415/435 and NDB-436 equipment upon a faulty communication between the transmitter module and the LCSU unit. third field: FAULTY: under manual operation, it is displayed when the antenna transponder has one or more primary alarm conditions.

−

Degraded: it is displayed when the transponder is in a secondary alarm condition.

−

OK: it is displayed when the transponder is in regular operating conditions.

♦

−

fourth field: ON ANT: it is displayed when the transponder is connected to the antenna.

To enable this option the operator must set 1 (YES) on the extended status line of configuration file confxxxx.ini. The Station fields may display the following indications: • −

first column, first field: Eqp datacom: it displays an error on communication between the LCSU unit and the equipment.



first column, second field: N.U.



second column, first field:

−



− 

−

ALARM: it is displayed when at least one alarm (primary or secondary) has been detected. To enable this option the operator must set 1 (YES) on the extended status line of configuration fileconfxxxx.ini. second column, second field: Mains of f: it is displayed when the equipment receives power from the battery (no mains power supply). second column, third field: Other warn: it is displayed if warnings have been detected. To enable this option the operator must set 1 (YES) on the extended status line of configuration confxxxx.ini.



third column, first field: N.U.



third column, second field:

− 

−

Red. power: it is displayed under reduced power operating conditions. third column, third field: Rout. Check: it is displayed when Routine Check is in progress either by operator’s command or automatically if automatic Routine Check setting.

Field Control displays the equipment control status and may assume the following values: −

Available: equipment control is available.

−

Undet: the equipment status is undetermined.

−

Pending: the request for control is still pending.

−

to XXXX: user XXXX has the control.

By means of pushbutton Request the operator may request equipment control. B.4.3.2.1

History data

This menu permits to display general information on events stored in the PC database, to save database data on disk, to reload them from disk, to partial erase, to total erase the database. If selected, it has the following options: −

Recall;

−

Report;

−

Status.

B.4.3.2.1.1 Recall This menu activates the program to recall history data.


Page 105

Appendix

B.4.3.2.1.2 Report By selecting this option the window of figure B.66. is displayed. It is the same option as that described in paragraph B.4.2.7.1, except that it is specific for the equipment.

Figure B.66. Equipment history data report B.4.3.2.1.3 Status By selecting, these option the window of figure B.67. is displayed. It is the same option as that described in paragraph B.4.2.7.2, except that it is specific for the equipment.

DME 435

Figure B.67. Equipment status enabling/disabling B.4.3.2.2

Last updating

When selecting this option a window as shown in figure B.68. appears displaying the equipment status last updating date and time.

DME 435

Figure B.68. Equipment last updating B.4.3.2.3

Help

The Help menu displays information about the equipment status window


Page 106

Appendix

APPENDIX C

WINDDE-32 for " ADRACS SV " C.1

WINDOWS WINDDE-32 for ADRACS SUPERVISOR INTRODUCTION

The ADRACS Windows Supervisor has the same function of the Windows Supervisor, but must be used when in the system configuration DVOR and ILS 400 equipments are also present. (ADRACS = Automatic Data Recorder And Control System) To see the status and to control an equipment, it's also necessary to load the WINDDE-32 and its correspondent software manager (e.g. Windows DME415/435 Equipment Manager). The Supervisor program (WINSV-32) can only be used for equipment with LCSU units. It has been designed to satisfy two distinct requirements:

− to simultaneously display several sites where one or more equipment can be installed; − to permit the operator to use the configurations he prefers. Since connection with the sites takes place through modems by using a switched line, the displayed data of an equipment are updated upon the last connection. Hence, only one equipment at a time can be managed (i.e. the connected equipment) and so is the display of the data of all equipment with which a connection has been established.

C.1.1

WIN DDE-32 for ADRACS Supervisor (ADRACS-WINSV-32) operations

The operations are the following:

− display of general information on the events stored in the PC data base (Report); − display of the events occurred about the local PC, the LCSU units or the equipment (History Recall); − equipment control acquisition and execution of the following operations: − Beacon operating, stby and Transponder 1/2 Main; − display of equipment events (Recall); − display of alarms on transponders 1/2; − display of warnings; − routine check - Trx on antenna, routine check - Trx on dummy or routine check on monitors; − executive monitoring on antenna for executive monitoring on dummy or monitors self check; − diagnostics; − list of setting. − Trx 1/2 operating, Stby; − changeover; − standard measurement, Trx on Antenna, Trx on dummy, Monitor 1/2 settable by the operator;


Page 107

Appendix

− partial erase; − total erase; − setting and change of operative parameters; − defining the quantity of equipment restart attempts (if is allowed from program) after a shutdown (restart delay);

− defining the beacon correct configuration; − defining the routine check period; − erase all LCSU history data and change LCSU date and time. The selected option can be easily identified in that it is clearly displayed. By selecting with the mouse or by pressing key Return the required operation is executed or another menu is displayed. The program has some help information that is displayed by pressing key F1.

C.1.2

WINDDE-32 for ADRACS SV program Installation

The PC Supervisor software to be installed first and it is supplied on 3,5” floppy disks or Compact Disc. When installation CD is provided, consider single floppy disks as a folder subset into the same Compact Disc support. NOTE: a) It is recommended to make a backup of the original floppy disks prior to installation. b) Selection and processing of windows and displays follows the usual instructions according to the WINDOWS manual. c) To avoid bringing in a computer virus it is not allowed to run computer games generally and to use software programs, which are not authorized on the Maintenance Data Terminal (PC). It is recommended to test the computer or disks with a virus checker. The following disks are required to install the WIN32 Supervisor program:

− ODBC-32

(Open Data Base Connectivity): n° 3 disks or Compact Disc;

− WINDDE-32 ADRACS-WINSV-32 (Windows SUPERVISOR 32 bit): n°2 disks or Compact Disc; − WINDME 415/435-32 (EQUIPMENT MANAGER): n°2 disks or Compact Disc. (see APPENDIX D) The "UTIL" floppy disk is only necessary for the LCSU configuration (see section 3)

C.1.2.1

Installation of the ODBC program

In order to install the ODBC program carry out the following operations: a. Run Windows. Insert the ODBC-1 disk into the floppy disk drive (usually a:). From Windows Explorer execute the SETUP.EXE program. Follow instructions on the screen Then the main window shown in figure C.1. is displayed.


Page 108

Appendix

. Figure C.1. Main ODBC wind ow Press key Continue. The screen of figure C.2a, and than C.2b, is displayed. Select first the large button for Complete Installation and than Continue in the Chose Program Group window.

Figure C.2. a, b. ODBC inst allation

c. Carry out all indications supplied by the installation program. The screen of figure C.3. is displayed with the request to insert disk ODBC-2, and than ODBC-3, to install the ODBC program. Press key OK to continue installation when the requested disk is inserted.

Figure C.3. Disk 2 insertion d. When the installation is terminated, the operator is warned by the screen of figure C.4.

Figure C.4. ODBC completion of installation


Page 109

Appendix

e. Is possible to check that the installation is performed by opening the ODBC window, in the Control Panel, as shown in figure C.5.; press key Close to close the window.

Figure C.5. Data Base Source

C.1.2.2

Installation of the supervisor program

In order to install the Supervisor Program carry out the following operations: NOTE: The software "ADRACS" on ILS or DVOR equipment is previously installed (see the technical manual ILS/DVOR 400) a. Insert disk ADRACS-WINSV32 into the 3,5" floppy disk drive. From the Windows Explorer execute program SETUP.EXE. The main window shown in figure C.6.a,b. will appear. If user will proceed with default parameters, press Enter key or click Next button. If the SV program is installed already, the warning notices of the figures C.6.e.1,2,3 will appear. Press "YES" to confirm. Press "NO" to refuse. NOTE: If the operator in figure C.6.e1) reply "Yes" is necessary to re-install the "Equipment Manager" program.

Figure C.6. a,b. Set-up of the Program installation – Main window and approbation window

b. Upon successful installation the screen of Figure C.6.d. is displayed


Page 110

Appendix

Figure C.6.c,d. Set-up of the Program and completion program installation

1)

2)

3)

Figure C.6.e. Warning notices for program SV old version

c. Select key OK or " FINSH" to create icon WIN-SV in the check panel of Windows (see Figure C.7.).

Figure C.7. Icon of the Supervisor Program d)

With old version SV program (not necessary by new version): in the autoexec bat file insert the following string SET TZ = PST0 NOTE: The following figure C.8.will appear only if the string SET TZ=PST0 must be previously inserted in autoexec.bat file.

Figure C.8. Mess age SET TZ=PST0

C.1.3

Installation of the equipment program

In order to install the equipment program WINDME-32 (Equipment Manager) insert the relevant disk into


Page 111

Appendix

the floppy disk drive and repeat the operations for the supervisor program installation. Installation of Equipment Manager program to see APPENDIX D – DME 415/435 EQUIPMENT MANAGER -

C.1.4

Site and Centre Configuration

In the supervisor program installation directory, also the SVDDECNF.EXE program is present. Its main function is to automatically configure the necessary files to connect the PC to the equipment. The composition of the directories in the Hard Disk can be summarized as shown in figure C.9. Main D irectory

SITE 1

Station 1

SITE 2

Station 2

SITE 3

Figure C.9. Directory composit ion From the Windows Explorer, execute the SVDDECNF..EXE program. It is displayed as shown in figure C.10. As can be noticed all items displayed in the previous screen are disabled, except for item Ac ti ons. By this item, the following options can be selected:

− SITE (create a site); − DELETE SITE;

C.1.4.1

Create a site and a st ation

Figure C.10. Site and Station Configuration

In order to create a site carry out the following operations: a. From menu, Ac ti ons select option SITE. In this way, the edit text Site/ Name becomes active.


Page 112

Appendix

b. Digit the name of the site to be created (maximum 8 characters) and then the name of the station. Press key OK. a. Insert or change the following parameters:

− SV Name: it corresponds to the user name set at the time of configuring the LCSU unit (maximum 4 characters);

− LCSU SITE NAME: it corresponds to the LCSU unit’s identifier (maximum 4 characters); Ext Status: YES always for LCSU version AUX 32 b it s: (option) on the LCSU, unit 32 auxiliary signals are available at the input and 32 at the output.

− Equipment: select the name of the equipment present on site. Press key Add or Remove to add or remove the equipment from the Selected Equipment list that is automatically updated. d. Press key Update to save the data. The list of existing sites is automatically updated if a new site is inserted. Figure C.11. shows a configuration example.

DME 415/435 DME 415/435

Figure C.11. Site Confi gurati on Example

C.1.4.2 Site Delete Figure C.12. shows how to delete a site.


Page 113

Appendix

DELETE SITE

S i t e L is t

S IT E 1

D O U B L E C L IC K

A r e y o u s u r e t o d e l e t e

S IT E 2

t h is S I T E ?

S IT E 3 .......... .......... ..........

YES DELETE

Figure C.12. Site Delete In order to delete a site carry out the following operations: a. From menu, Ac ti ons select option DELETE SITE. In this way, a list of already configured sites (square Site) becomes active. Besides, the operator is informed by message: Please: Select from *SITE LIST* the site to delete. Press key OK to continue. b. Select the site name to delete and press key Delete. Otherwise, click twice on the item to delete. c. Before site, deleting the operator is asked to confirm the operation by means of message: Are yo u s ure to delete this SITE? Press key YES to confirm. Press key NO to abort. The screen of figure C.13. shows how to delete a site.

YES

Figure C.13. Examples of Site delete


Page 114

Appendix

C.2

WINDDE for A DRACS SUPERVISOR – INSTRUCTION FOR USE

C.2.1

Introduction

From ADRACS program after have performed the LOGIN (Figure C.14.) select the SELECT key for enter the program of the equipment to check (in this case DME 415/435). D VOR 100W

DME 435

Figure C.14. Progr am ADRACS: Log in e Logo ut

C.2.2

Select menu after LOGIN

The following are the menus that can be selected as shown in figure C.15.

− Last upd: displaying the last equipment updating. − Connect: displaying the state of communication with the controlled station. − Hist. Recall: displaying the events for equipment installed on site and for the local PC. − Hist. Ut: displaying general information on the events memorized in the PC database. − Buzzer-off : deactivating the buzzer. − Help: supplying information on the state of windows of the LCSU unit and of the equipment.


Page 115

Appendix

Figure C.15. Menu after Log in

In order to display the options related to different menus select the desired item with the mouse. To correctly close the Supervisor Program, first close all open windows, select option Logout and click twice on the upper left-hand square of the main window. Follow the instructions that appear on the screen and to use the information of help while pushing on the F1 key of the keyboard. These instructions are completely similar as the WINSV-32 program (to see section APPENDIX B in this volume). See also the instructions described in the technical manual of the ADRACS program of the VHF equipments (VOR facilities, DVOR, ILS- 400).


Page 116

Appendix

APPENDIX D

PC User - WINDME 415/435 - EQUIPMENT MANAGER INTRODUCTION The program runs in a Windows 95 or NT environment and makes it possible to display the information concerning the DME equipment for which control has been acquired, through a series of pull-down menus, typical of Windows applications. The examples described refer to model DME 435 (1 kW output power), but they are also valid for model DME 415 (100 W output power), with the exception of the TKW module which is not present.

D.1

EQUIPMENT MANAGER OPERATIONS

The operations that can be performed are the following: −

turning on the radio beacon and transponder changeover (Transponder 1/2 Main),

−

turning off the beacon (Beacon OFF),

−

reset all alarms and warnings concerning the equipment (Alarm Reset ),

−

display the transponder alarm status (Alarms on Trx1/2),

−

display any warning messages (Warnings),

−

running the Routine Check on the transponder on antenna (Routine Check - Trx on Antenna), on the transponder connected to dummy load (Routine Check - Trx on Dummy) or on monitors (Routine Check on Monitors),

−

running single tests (Standard Measurement - Trx on Antenna - Trx on Dummy, Monitor 1 or 2), in the standard mode or as set by the operator.

−

display the values of the parameters concerning the automatic monitoring cycle for the transponder on the antenna (Executive Monitoring on Antenna) for the transponder connected to the dummy load (Executive Monitoring on Dummy) or for the monitors (Monitors Self Check); − −

−

execution of diagnosis (Diagnostics); selection of the standard measurements on transponder on antenna (Standard Measurement - Trx on Antenna) for the transponder connected to dummy load (Standard Measurement on Dummy) or for the monitors (Standard Measurement - Monitor 1 and Standard Measurement - Monitor 2); display (List of Setting) and changing (Settings) operating parameters.

Accessing the maintenance environment (Maintenance) it is possible to perform the operations listed below, in addition to those described previously: −

changing the operating status of the transponders (Trx 1 or 2 Operating and Stby );

−

changing transponder (Changeover);

The program has some helping information that is displayed by pressing key F1.


Page 117

Appendix

D.2

WIN DME 415/435 EQPT MANAGER PROGRAM INSTAL LATION

The EQPT MANAGER software to be installed together with the WINSV-32 program and it is supplied on n° two 3,5” floppy disks or Compact Disc (see APPENDIX B or APPENDIX C also). When installation CD is provided, consider single floppy disks as a folder subset into the same Compact Disc support. D.2.1

Installation procedure of program WINDME

For install the WINDME program insert the first disk of 3,5" in the floppy-disk unit and repeat the same operations like you perform for the WINSV program The following figures D.1, D.2, D.3, D.4, visualize the sequences of installation

Figure D.1. EQPT SW Installatio n - Image of fro nti spiece

Figure D.2. EQPT SW Installation - Initial image


Page 118

Appendix

Figure D.3. EQPT SW Installatio n - Appro bation Message of ut ili zation li cense

Figure D.4. EQPT SW Installati on – Message, installatio n fi nis h


Page 119

Appendix

D.3

OPERATING INSTRUCTION

D.3.1

PROGRAM Starting

Each time the operator requests DME control from the supervisor environment, the display of the main screen is preceded by the following message: Wait - Initialization in progress At the end of initialization, the main screen is displayed and the operator can access all the instructions of the program described in the following paragraphs. NOTE It should be mentioned that the following pages describe all the potential items of the program, but access to certain operations depends on the password level used for access to the supervisor environment. Follow the instruct ions on the screen. An instruction tree of the program structure is given in figures D.6, D.7, D.8, D.9, D.10.

D.3.2

MAIN screen

When the program is started, the main screen is displayed (figureD.5). The options available are the following: −

Commands (paragraph D.3.3);

−

Checks (paragraph D.3.4);

−

Status (paragraph D.3.5);

−

Maintenance mode (paragraph D.3.6);

−

Settings (paragraph D.3.7);

−

Utility (paragraph D.3.8);

−

Help (paragraph D.3.9).

DME 435

Figure D.5. Main Screen- Auto matic Mode


Page 120

Appendix

Checks and Measurement

Parameters

Peak Power Output

On: ANT., Dummy Load, Maintenance

Pulse Spacing

Peak Power Droop


Peak Power Output

Pulse Shape


Transmission Rate

Pulse Spacing


TransmitterFrequency Transmitted Powerv (only Trx Main)

Transmitter Frequency


Transmission rate


Adjacent Channel Rejection


Bandwidth


Echo Suppression


Reply Efficiency


Sensitivity


Dead Time


Decoder


Reply Delay Var. with Level


Reply Delay

1

Executive Monitoring on Antenna/Dummy L.

STD Measurement Routine Check on Antenna/Dummy L.

2

3

STD Measurement Routine Check on Monitor(s)

Interrogation 1st & 2nd Pulse Level Interrogation Pulse Spacing Interrogation 1st & 2nd Pulse Shape

ADC Check Interrogation Pair

6

7

8

Monitor(s) Self Check Synthesis

Monitor(s) Self Check DAC/ADC

Monitor(s) Self Check Int. Pair

Measurements

Frequency Synthes. Identity Code Filter Counter Check Attenuator Check Calibration

Test 0 - Level value Test 1 - Level value Test 2 - Level value

Mon1 & Mon2

Valori di verifica in fabbrica

Transmitted Power

TRX On: ANT, Maintenan ce

Identity Code Reading


Identity Code Timing


Automatic gain Reduction

On: Maintenance

Identity Priority on Reply

On: Maintenance

Adjacent channel desensitization

On: Maintenance

Continuous wave desensitization

On: Maintenance

Sensitivity variation with load

On: Maintenance

Automatic gain reduction

On: Maintenance

Identity Priority on Reply

On: Maintenance

Recovery time

On: Maintenance

1st Pulse: Level; Rise Time; Decay Time; Duration 2nd Pulse: Level; Rise Time; Decay Time; Duration Interrogation Pair Spacing

9

Monitor(s) Self Check Freq. Synth.

Frequency Synthesizer

10

Monitor(s) Self Check Counter

Counter Check - 5MHz Factory check values

11

Monitor(s) Self Check Attenuators

12

Monitor(s) Self Check Calibration

1° to 9° Attenuator Level

Calibration of monitor delay time

Test type 4

Configurable Measurem. Monitor

Reply Delay Reply Efficiency Signal Generator

Use Ancill. signal

YES NO

Parameter

Result

Figure D.7. Instru cti on Tree (check)


Page 122

Appendix

Status 13

14

Warning

Alarm on Trx 1/2

See list in para. D.3.5.1. Reply Delay Reply Efficiency Pulse Spacing Peak Power Output Identification Transmission Rate Transmitter Freq. Transmitted Power (only on Trx Main)

15

List of Setting

28

CTR Mem Dump

16

CSB detail

Event Logging RTCK on Trx Main RTCK on Trx Stby RTCK on Monitor

Same as Setting Parameter see figure D.1d

See para. D.3.5.4 Data Loggin Information Power Supply Flags Restart Information Routine Check Information CSB Battery Information

Status Stored Rec Time of 1st Record Time of last Record

ACDC 1to 4 flag DCDC 1to 4 flag BATTERY Back panel +5V flag Status Attempt N° Time to next switch on Status Next Routjne Check Battery on board

17

27

26

MONITOR detail

TRANSPONDERS detail

Software Version

Commanded Antenna Position Read Antenna Position Transponder 1 On/Off State Transponder 2 On/Off State Transponder 1 On/Off Flag Transponder 2 On/Off Flag Trx 1 Alarm Status sent to other monitor Trx 2 Alarm Status sent to other monitor Trx 1 Alarm Status got from other monitor Trx 2 Alarm Status got from other monitor

Read Antenna Position ON/OFF Status commanded from MON1 ON/OFF Status commanded from MON2 ON/OFF Status sent to Monitors Debug Bridge status

Mon1 & Mon2

Transponder 1 & Transponder 2

CSB MON1 Trx1 MON2 Trx2

Figure D.8. Instru cti on Tree (status )


Page 123

Appendix

Settings Parameter 1 to 126 channel X,Y mode

19

Transponder Parameters

Channel & Mode Reduced Power 1st Identity Code 2nd Identity Code Transmission Rate Reply Delay Dead Time Short Echo Suppres. Thr. Lg. Dist. Echo Sensitivity N Antiecho Duration Morse Code Mode Ind. Id. Recovery Dot Duration Trx Switch logic

max n° 4 charascters 2700 ÷ 4800 ppps 800 ÷ 4800 ppps 0 to 150µs 0 to -60 dB

OFF -1 dB -2 dB -3dB 35 to 75 µs -X channel 50 to 75 µs -Y channel ON OFF -74 to -94 dBm

50 to 300µs

MASTER CODE MASTER TRIGGER SLAVE CODE SLAVE TRIG

100 to 160 ms

Both Monitors must be agree One monitor is enough 20

21

22

23

Operational Parameters

Monitor Threshold

Monitor Logic Standby Mode Reply Delay Reply Efficiency Pulse spacing Identification Peak Transm. Power Transmission Rate

Restart Parameter

Restart Attempt 1st Restart Delay 2nd Restart Delay 3rd Restart Delay Time to Reset Cycle

DME Configuration STD

Battery Presence Mains Presence Associated Equipment Dual Transponder Dual Monitor

NO ON SIGNAL ON SENSING

1 Monitor 2 Monitors NORMAL HOT Alarm type: PRIMARY or SECONDARY Alarm threshold Alarm delay

selections: n° attemps and time delay

Yes No

100 Wp 1kWp BCPS FRAKO

24

DME Configuration Extended

24

AFI Configuration

25

Routine Check Period

DME Type Mains Power Supply Monitor Cable Loss Antenna Probe Coupling Antenna Cable Loss Mon 1 Power Adj Mon 2 Power Adj Module ACDC 1 Present Module ACDC 2 Present Module ACDC 3 Present Module ACDC 4 Present AF Status Id. Code/Trigger from AF DME Status Id Code/Trigger to AF

0 to 6 dB 20 to 30 dB 0 to 6 dB Trimmer -100 to +100

Hours Days

Figure D.9. Instruction Tree (setting)


Page 124

Appendix

DIAGNOSTICS

Test & Measurements

NOTE

LCSU - CSB Battery on Board

Monitors Communication

Real Time Clock

Transponders Communication

Serial Controllers

ACDC flags (1 to 4)

EEPROM

DCDC flags (1 to 4) PWS + 5V flags (1 & 2) Monitors

Monitor self check

Parallel I/O

DAC/ADC

VTF Voltage

Attenuators

RF Synthesizer

Calibration

SCC Loop

Counter

PLL Set

Freq. synthesizer

Identity Code

Acquisition RAM

Xilinx status

Generation RAM

63 MHz

Attenuator 30 dB

Switches n° 1,3,4 Vref ADC Voltage EEPROM

Transponder Executive Monitoring on Dummy Load

5 diagnostic

Tx Power Supply Protection

DMD Modulation

Tx - Pulse width Protection

DMD Overload of pulse prot.

Tx -Reverse Power Protect.

DMD Acquisition

DPX faulty protection

DMD Vref of main DAC

Tx - Low Voltage protection

DMD Vref of pedestal DAC

Tx - Over temperature protect

DMD Vref of gaussian DAC

TKW - Power Supply protect.

PLL

TKW - Pulse Width protect.

Squitter generation

TKW-Reverse RF Power prot.


TKW -Over temperature protect

Calibration Counter

Dead Time

Code to Association Facility

Main Delay

Code from Association Facility

Long Antiecho

Code to DME

CAL Gate Duration

VTF Voltage

Tx Analog readings - Vdc value

Modules Interfacing Bus error

Tx Analog readings - CW value

Xilinx Interfacing

Tx Analog readings - Temperat.

Tx and TKW +48V fuse

TKW Analog read. - Vdc value TKW Analog read. - CW value TKW Analog read. - Temperat.

Figure D.10. Instruction Tree (diagnostic)


Page 125

Appendix

D.3.3

COMMANDS Option

Selecting the Commands option from the main screen (figure D.5), D.5), the Commands window is displayed which makes it possible to configure the equipment control functions. It is possible to select: Beacon Off this command is used to switch in stand by condition the beacon; Transponder 1 Main this command makes it possible to define transponder 1 as main transponder where main transponder means the transponder connected to the antenna. In addition to connecting transponder 1 to the antenna and transponder 2 (if present) to the dummy load, this command also switches-on the beacon if it is OFF; Transponder 2 Main this command is similar to that above but refers to transponder 2; Al arm Reset this command is used to reset alarms referring to the transponder connected to the dummy load; this operation takes more than 3 minutes. After selecting the required item, select OK OK to return to the main screen. Select Cancel Cancel to cancel the settings made.

D.3.4

CHECKS Menu

Selecting the Checks option from the main screen, the corresponding menu will be displayed. The Checks menu contains the following options: Executive Monitori Monitori ng on Antenna makes it possible to display the results of the measurements of the parameters concerning the transponder on the antenna Executive Monitori Monitori ng on Dummy makes it possible to display the results of the measurements of the parameters concerning the transponder connected to the dummy load Monitors Self-Check makes it possible to display the results of the measurements of the parameters concerning the monitors Routine Check - Trx on Antenna makes it possible to check the performance of the transponder on the antenna Routine Check - Trx on Dummy makes it possible to check the performance of the transponder on dummy load Routine Check Check - on Monitors makes it possible to check the efficiency of the monitors Standard Measur Measur ement - Trx on An tenna makes it possible to select the measurements to be carried out for checking the transponder on the antenna Standard Measurement Measurement - Trx on Dummy makes it possible to select the measurements to be carried out for checking the transponder on dummy load Standard Measurement Measurement - Monitor 1 makes it possible to select the measurements to be carried out for checking monitor no. 1 Standard Measurement Measurement - Monitor 2 makes it possible to select the measurements to be carried out for checking monitor no. 2 Configurable Measurement – 1 Monitor on one monitor only (Maintenance mode only)


Page 126

Appendix

Configurable Measurement – 2 Monitors on both monitors (Maintenance mode only) The Configurable Measurement window (figure D.11) D.11) is displayed which allows the operator to personalize certain specific and particular tests needed for a few particular checks (performed only in maintenance environment). In this case a large number of tests can be performed as the operator can set the following parameters: Test Test t ype for setting the type of measurement: Reply Delay, Reply Efficiency or Signal generator. on Trx (on Trx (on the transponder) for selecting the transponder on which to carry out the measurement (1 or 2). NSFA (Number NSFA (Number of Sample for Average Calculation) for selecting the number of samples for calculating the average; the default setting is 100. Interrogator makes it possible to select the monitor with which to perform the measurement and if the other monitor has to be used for generating a disturbance or activation signal needed for the measurement (1 or 2). Use Ancill. sig. for using the ancillary signal or not (Yes or No). Shape Shape for Ancill . sig. makes it possible to select the type of Ancillary signal (CW or Pulse pair). Setting is possible only if the Use Ancill. sig. parameter is Yes. PARAMETER - Int. sig. makes it possible to set the level, the frequency change with respect to the nominal rating (Freq. dev. from) and the spacing for the interrogating signal (Int. sig.) generated by the interrogator of the monitor that will carry out the measurement. The possible setting ranges are shown. PARAMETER PARAMETER - Anci ll. si g. makes it possible to set the level, the frequency change with respect to the nominal rating (Freq.dev.from), the pair spacing, the repetition rate and the time position in relation to the interrogating signal (Delay: Interr. to Ancill. signal) of any signal used (Ancill. signal) for performing the measurement. The possible setting ranges are shown. Setting is only possible if the Use Ancill.sig. parameter is Yes. For the interrogating signal the repetition rate is fixed at 40 ppps. When the repetition rate of the auxiliary signal is set at 0 the real repetition rate becomes 40 ppps and the two interrogation signals become synchronous. The delay setting between the two interrogating signals (Delay: Interr. to Ancill. signal) is only enabled in this condition. In the Configurable Measurement window the following commands are also available: Start: Start : to confirm the settings made and proceed with the test. The result of the measurement will be displayed at the bottom in the RESULT field which will be updated continuously until the operator stops the test selecting STOP. Stop: Stop: stops the test. Exit: Exit : exits the present display and returns to the main screen. Trx Parameter: make it possible to show the transponder parameters selected Print: Print : starts printing the checks on the screen. This can only be selected after activating the Stop command. For equipment configured with only one monitor, the measurement can only be carried out with monitor 1 and no ancillary signal (Ancill. signal) will be used for the measurement.


Page 127

Appendix

Figure D.11. D.11. Confi gurable Measurement Measurement Diagnostics makes it possible to run diagnostics which checks the performance of the transponders connected to the dummy load and to antenna . The sequence of main tests and measures as on fig.D.10. fig. D.10. If the equipment is configured with only one transponder it will not be possible to carry out the Routine Check and Executive Monitoring operations for the transponder connected to the dummy load. D.3.4.1

Executive Exe cutive Monitori ng on Antenna/ Antenna/Dummy Dummy

Selecting the option Executive Monitoring on Antenna or Executive Monitoring on Dummy a window is displayed similar to the one shown in figure D.12 which displays the parameters listed below concerning the transponder on the antenna or the transponder connected to the dummy load: −

Reply Delay;

−

Reply Efficiency;

−

Pulse Spacing;

−

Peak Power Output;

−

Transmission Rate;

−


−

Transmitted Power (only on TRX main in in antenna).


Page 128

Appendix

Reply Delay Reply efficienc y Puls e spac ing Peak Power Outpu t Transmiss ion Rate Trans mit ter Freq. Transm itt ed Power

49,97 s 89 % 12.00 s 149 Watt 805 ppps 1020.0 MHz 105 Watt

49,99 s 98 % 11,99 s 157 Watt 808 ppps 1020.0 MHz 110Watt

Figure D.12. DME 415 Executi ve Monito ring on A ntenna If the value of a measurement exceeds the alarm threshold limits, the word PRIM (primary alarm threshold exceeded) or SEC (secondary alarm threshold exceeded) will appear next to the measurement concerned. Any exceeding of the threshold limits is also shown by the change in color of the measurements, as follows: −

green: no alarm threshold exceeded;

−

yellow: secondary alarm threshold exceeded;

−

red: primary alarm threshold exceeded.

The window displayed contains the following indications/commands: Update Mon1: indicates updating of the measurements concerning monitor 1 in progress. Update Mon2: indicates updating of the measurements concerning monitor 2 in progress. Start: makes it possible to re-start updating the values of the measurements whose refresh was blocked by an Abort command. Abort: makes it possible to block the display status to enable printing, saving the measured values or to exit the active window. Print: makes it possible to start printing the values. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command. Save: makes it possible to save the values. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command. Threshold: makes it possible to display the lower (- Thr), higher (+Thr) and average (Nominal) alarm threshold values relating to each parameter in a separate window. Trx Parameter : makes it possible to display the current values of the main parameters of the operating transponder. Exit: makes it possible to exit the present display and return to the main screen. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command.


Page 129

Appendix

D.3.4.1.1

Auto matic Monit ors Moni tori ng

Selecting the option Monitors Self Check synthesis a window is displayed with the parameters listed below concerning the monitors. 1) Synthesis:

ADC Check, Interrogation Pair, Frequency Synthesizer, Identity code Filter, Counter Check, Attenuator Check, Calibration

2) DAC/ADC:

Tests 0,1,2

3) Int. Pair:

1st Pulse level, Rise time, decay time, duration 2nd Pulse level, Rise time, decay time, duration NOTA: I valori che saranno Interrogation Pair Spacing. visualizzati ai Frequency Synthesizer punti da "2) a 7)" hanno significato Counter Check (5 MHz) per verifiche di 1° to 9° attenuators level laboratorio in fabbrica of monitors delay time

4) Freq. Synth: 5) Count er: 6) Attenuators: 7) Calibration

NOTE: The values that will be visualized on 2) to 7) have meaning for checks of laboratory in factory The window displayed contains the following indications/commands: Update Mon1: indicates updating of the measurements concerning monitor 1 in progress. Update Mon2: indicates updating of the measurements concerning monitor 2 in progress. Start: makes it possible to re-start updating the values of the measurements whose refresh was blocked by an Abort command. Ab ort: makes it possible to freeze the display status in order to print or save the measured values or exit the active window. Print: makes it possible to start printing the values. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command. Threshold: this command is not active in this phase of the program. Exit: makes it possible to exit the present display and return to the main screen. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command.

D.3.4.2

Routine Check

Through the operations called Routine Check, the results of a series of measurements are displayed to assess the efficiency of the equipment. The level of measurement accuracy is indicated by the variance "σ" whereas the number of samples for calculation of the average (Nsfa) depends on the parameter to be measured and is usually between 1 and 1000. In some cases, the measurements may cause display of the following messages: N.R. (No Result): alerts the operator that the measurement has not been made because the relative monitor is faulty having failed the test. N.V. (Not Valid): alerts the operator that the measurement has been made but the results are not available as the predefined minimum number of measurements necessary to calculate the average and therefore to obtain the final result has not been performed.


Page 130

Appendix

D.3.4.2.1

Transponder Routine Check

Selecting the option Routine Check - Trx on Antenna or Routine Check - Trx on Dummy it is possible to check the efficiency of the transponder on the antenna or of the transponder connected to the dummy load, depending on the selection made by the operator, through a series of measurements. The Routine Check window is displayed which contains the following indications/commands: Trx Parameter : makes it possible to display the current values of the main parameters of the operating transponder for which it is indispensable to remember the values set for correct data interpretation, in a separate window. Start: makes it possible to re-start updating the values of the measurements whose refresh was blocked by an Abort command. Abort: makes it possible to freeze the display status in order to print, save the measured values or exit the active window. Save: makes it possible to save the values. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command. Print: makes it possible to start printing the values. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command. Exit: makes it possible to exit the present display and return to the main screen. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command. The list of the measurements is shown in an area of the window. An example subdivided into parts is given in all figures D.13.

Figure D.13.a. Routi ne Check on Antenna (sc reen 1 of 6)


Page 131

Appendix

Figure D.13.b. Routin e Check on Antenna (scr een 2 of 6)

Figure D.13.c. Routin e Check on A ntenna (screen 3 of 6)

Figure D.13.d. Routin e Check on Antenna (screen 4 of 6)


Page 132

Appendix

Figure D.13.e. Routi ne Check on A ntenna (screen 5 of 6)

Figure D.13.f. Routin e Check on Antenna (screen 6 of 6)

The tests, performed for the transponder connected to the antenna, are the following: −

PULSE SPACING: spacing between the pulses of the reply or squitter pairs measured using the halfamplitude points on the rising edge of the two individual pulses in the pair as reference.

−

PULSE PEAK POWER: peak power output of both the pulses forming the reply or squitter pair; the final result, obtained calculating the average of 100 single measurements, has an accuracy of ± 0.5 dB.

−

TRANSMISSION RATE: transmission rate defined as the number of pulse pairs transmitted per second (ppps); it may be selected to cover a range of values from 800 ±50 ppps to 4800 ±150 ppps or from 2700 ±90 ppps to 4800 ±150 ppps. The final result, obtained calculating the average of 10 single measurements, has an accuracy of ±20 ppps.

−

REPLY PULSE DROOP: maximum power output droop with respect to the average power value; the result is obtained calculating the average of 1000 measurements made on the pulses transmitted.

−

REPLY EFFICIENCY: reply efficiency defined as the percentage ratio between the number of reply pulse pairs and the number of interrogation pulse pairs. The measurement is made using a maximum of 50 interrogations per second with an interrogation level 6 dB above the sensitivity threshold set for the receiver; the final result, obtained calculating the average of 100 single measurements, has an accuracy of ±2%.


Page 133

Appendix

−

TRANSMITTER FREQUENCY: the value of the transmission frequency relating to the channel set is measured using a counter; the final result, obtained calculating the average of 10 single measurements, has an accuracy of ±50 ppm (parts per million).

−

PULSE SHAPE: the shape of the individual pulses making up the reply pair is assessed measuring the rise time (Rise), decay time (Decay) and duration (Durat) of both pulses; the final result is obtained calculating the average of 50 single measurements.

−

REPLY DELAY VAR. (Variation) WITH LEVEL: reply delay variation in relation to the interrogation level, where the reply delay is the time between point at 50% of the rising edge of the first pulse of the interrogation pair generated by the interrogator and the point at 50% of the rising edge of the first pulse of the reply pair. The measurements are made for an interrogation level of −10 dBm, −30 dBm, −50 dBm, −71 dBm and 3 dB above the sensitivity threshold set for the receiver; the final result, obtained calculating the average of 100 single interrogations has an accuracy of ±20 ns.

−

SENSITIVITY N: receiver sensitivity obtained by measuring reply efficiency with an interrogation level of ±3 dB, ±2 dB and ±1 dB above and below the sensitivity threshold set for the receiver; the final result is obtained calculating the average of 100 single measurements.

−

BANDWIDTH: bandwidth obtained measuring reply efficiency at a frequency that differs from the nominal frequency of the operating channel by ±200 kHz and using pulses with an interrogation level of 3 dB above the sensitivity threshold set for the receiver; the final result is obtained calculating the average of 100 single measurements.

− ADJ ACENT CHANNEL REJECTION: adjacent channel rejection obtained measuring reply efficiency at a frequency which differs from the nominal frequency of the operating channel by ±900 kHz, using pulses with an interrogation level of −10 dBm; the final result is obtained calculating the average of 100 single

measurements. −

DECODER: correctness of decoding operations performed by the DPR module is checked measuring reply efficiency for interrogation pulse pairs with a spacing that differs from the nominal value by ±1 µs with an interrogating level 1 dB above the sensitivity threshold set for the receiver, reply efficiency for pulse pairs with a spacing that differs from the nominal value by ±2 µs with an interrogating level of −10 dBm and, lastly, reply efficiency for individual pulses with an interrogation level of −10 dBm; the final result is obtained calculating the average of 100 single measurements.

−

DEAD TIME: dead time obtained measuring reply efficiency for interrogations that fall 2 µs before and 14 µs after the end of the dead time activated by a previous interrogation with an interrogation level of −70 dBm. With reference to the data displayed on the screen of the PC, "I" stands for Interrogation and "E" for Echo; the final result is obtained calculating the average of 100 single measurements.

−

ECHO SUPPRESSION: echo suppression estimated for both long echo suppression and short echo suppression. To check correct functioning of the long echo suppression circuits, an interrogation with a level 3 dB above the antiecho activation threshold set is used to trigger the antiecho circuits and reply efficiency (the final result is obtained calculating the average of 100 single measurements) is measured in the following three ways: −

with interrogations that simulate the presence of echo pulses with an interrogation level 10 dB above the antiecho circuit activation threshold set and a delay with respect to the trigger equal to: (Nominal Interrogation Spacing) + (Antiecho Duration) − 6 µs In this case, the interrogations that simulate the presence of echo pulses fall within the interval of time in which the antiecho is active but they are not suppressed by the antiecho circuits because of their interrogating level.


Page 134

Appendix

−

with interrogations that simulate the presence of echo pulses with an interrogation level 2 dB higher than the antiecho activation threshold set and a delay, with respect to the trigger, which is the same as the delay above. In this case, the pulses simulating the presence of echo pulses fall within the interval of time in which the antiecho is active. They are suppressed, providing the long echo suppression circuits are activated and working properly in that the suppression threshold is 3 dB above the interrogating signal level.

−

with interrogations that simulate the presence of echo pulses with an interrogation level 2 dB higher than the antiecho circuit activation threshold set and with a delay, with respect to the trigger, equal to (Nominal Interrogation Spacing) + (Antiecho Duration) + 6 µs In this case, the interrogations that simulate the presence of echo pulses fall after the interval of time for which the antiecho is active and will therefore not be suppressed by the antiecho circuits.

The measurements relating to long echo suppression are not significant if the test is carried out with the long echo suppression circuits set with the default values. To check that the short echo suppression circuits are functioning properly, three reply efficiency measurements are made using interrogations with a variable interrogating level to activate the antiecho circuits and issuing additional interrogations that simulate the presence of short echo pulses and have an interrogating level 3 dB lower than the activation interrogation level and a delay equal to the nominal spacing minus 5 µs. The levels of the activation interrogations are respectively −10 dBm, −50 dBm and for the third measurement 10 dB above the receiver sensitivity threshold. −

IDENTITY CODE READING: identity code set for the beacon expressed in Morse code; the final result is obtained calculating the average of 100 single measurements.

−

IDENTITY TIMING: identity code timing obtained measuring the duration of the dots (Dot), dashes (Dash) and spaces (Space) in the character, the interval (Interval) between two characters, the repetition rate (Repetition Rate) and the code period (Code period) between two pairs that identify the code (1350 Hz frequency).

−

TRANSMITTED POWER: Effective radiated power from beacon

The measurements made by the monitors on the transponder connected to the dummy load are the same as those listed above except for the measurements on the identity code and transmitted power, which are not performed.

D.3.4.2.2

Monitors Routine Check

Selecting the option Routine Check - on Monitors it is possible to check the efficiency of the monitors through a series of measurements. The Routine Check window is displayed which contains the following indications/commands:

Trx Parameter : makes it possible to display the current values of the main parameters of the operating transponder for which it is indispensable to remember the values set for correct data interpretation. Start: makes it possible to re-start updating the values of the measurements whose refresh was blocked by an Abort command. Abort: makes it possible freeze the display status in order to print, save the measured values or exit the active window. Save: makes it possible to save the values. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command. Print: makes it possible to start printing the values. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command.


Page 135

Appendix

Exit: makes it possible to exit the present display and return to the main screen. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command. The list of the measurements is shown in the right-hand part of the window in an area that runs vertically. An example subdivided into parts is given in figures D.14.

Figure D.14.a. Routi ne Check on Moni tors (screen 1 of 2)

Figure D.14.b. Routine Check on Monitors (screen 2 of 2)

The tests run to check correctness of the interrogating signal used for the monitor measurements are the following: −

INTERROGATION PULSE LEVEL: level of the pulses forming the interrogation pulse pair obtained measuring the peak voltage value for each pulse. The final result is obtained calculating the average of 50 single measurements.

−

INTERROGATION PULSE SPACING: spacing between the interrogation pulse pairs obtained in the same way as for reply pulse pair spacing. The final result is obtained calculating the average of 50 single measurements.

−

INTERROGATION PULSE SHAPE: shape of the interrogation pulses obtained in the same way as for the shape of the reply pulses. The final result is obtained calculating the average 50 single measurements.


Page 136

Appendix

D.3.4.3 D.3.4.3.1

Standard Measurements Standard Transponder Measurements

Selecting the option “Standard Measurement - Trx on Antenna” or “Standard Measurement - Trx on Dummy”, the window of “Measurement on Antenna” (example in figure D.15.a and b) is displayed through which it is possible to select the measurements to be carried out on the transponder concerned.

1

a) selection of the measures

b) Results Figure D.15. Resul t of Measurement on Antenna - Example

Figure D.16. Setting NSFA


Page 137

Appendix

The operator must: − −

select the measurements required clicking on the name of the measure; choose, where possible, the nsfa value to be applied to the measure. The default nsfa value is shown inside for those measurements. The adjustment is possible (from 0 to 9000). The setting NSFA screen is shown in figure D.16 for to change the NSFA value, typing it in, instead of the current value. This is make possible when the operator click on "Modify NSFA" command of figure D.17. The following table lists the nsfa values and their applicability on the transponder on the antenna or dummy for each measurement. Appl ic abili ty Measurement

nsf a

Ant enna

Dummy

Pulse spacing

reg.

YES

YES

Pulse peak power

reg.

YES

YES

Reply pulse droop

100

YES

YES

Reply efficiency

100

YES

YES

Transmission rate

reg.

YES

YES

Transmission frequency

reg.

YES

YES

Pulse shape

reg.

YES

YES

Identity code reading

100

YES

NO

Identity code timing

100

YES

NO

Identity code on int.

100

YES

NO

Reply delay var. with level

reg.

YES

NO

Sensitivity

100

YES

YES

Bandwidth

100

YES

YES

Adjacent channel rejection

100

YES

YES

Decoder

100

YES

YES

Dead time

100

YES

YES

Echo suppression

100

YES

YES

Recovery time

100

YES

YES

Adjacent channel desens.

100

YES

YES

Continuous wave desens.

100

YES

YES

Sensitivity var. with load

100

YES

YES

Automatic gain reduction

100

YES

YES

The window of “Measurement on Antenna” also contains the following commands: OK: makes it possible to confirm and make the selections operative. Cancel: cancels all the selections and closes the window returning to the main screen. Modify Active: make it possible to select the measurement to be carried out Modify NSFA : command for setting NSFA value Al l A ct ive selects all the possible measurements Al l i dle eliminates all the selections present Use as default: takes the present situation as the default condition.


Page 138

Appendix

D.3.4.3.2

Standard Monitors Measurements

Selecting the option “Standard Measurement -Monitor 1” or “Standard Measurement - Monitor 2”, the window of "Measurement on Antenna” (figure D.17) is displayed through which it is possible to select the measurements to be carried out on the monitor concerned.

Figure D.17. Measurement on Moni tor

The operator must: −

select the measurements required clicking on the field to the left of the measure name;

−

choose the NSFA value to be applied to the measure, typing it instead of the current value. The adjustment is possible from 0 to 9000 (default value = 100).

The selectable measurements are: −

Interrogation Pulse Level;

−

Interrogation Pulse Spacing;

−

Interrogation Pulse Shape.

The Measurement on Monitor window also contains the following commands: OK: makes it possible to confirm and make the selections operative. Cancel: cancels all the selections and closes the window returning to the main screen. Modify Active: make it possible to select the measurement to be carried out Modify NSFA : command for setting NSFA value Al l Act ive selects all the possible measurements All i dl e eliminates all the selections present Use as default: takes the present situation as the default situation.


Page 139

Appendix

D.3.4.4

Diagnostics

The diagnostic function runs a sequence of tests and can be used by the operator to check efficiency of the transponder connected to the dummy load. Any malfunctions are highlighted by specific messages displayed on the screen of the PC that make it possible to trace the faulty module. The sequence of tests and measures is shown as on figure D.18. If no faults are detected during the tests, the following message is displayed: END OF DIAGNOSTICS as shown in figure D.18.

Figure D.18. Diagnost ic on Trx2 - (no faul ts detect ed) Otherwise the list of the tests that have not been passed will be displayed at the side of the list of the modules causing the malfunctioning, thus to be replaced. The following modules can be indicated as faulty: − PWS − MON −

RX

− DPR − DMD −

TX

− TKW − DPX − ACDC

The window Diagnostic - on Trx 2 contains the following indications/commands: Start: makes it possible to re-start updating the diagnostic sequence whose refresh was blocked by an Abort command. Ab ort: makes it possible to freeze the display status in order to print, save the data or exit the active window. Save makes it possible to save the data. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command. Print: makes it possible to start printing the data. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command. Exit: makes it possible to exit the present display and return to the main screen. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command.


Page 140

Appendix

D.3.5

STATUS Menu

Selecting the Status option from the main screen, the corresponding menu will be displayed. The Status menu contains the following options: Warnings displays a list of a currently active warning indications. Alarm on Trx1 displays a list of a currently active alarms on Transponder 1. Alarm on Trx2 displays a list of a currently active alarms on Transponder 2. List of Settings displays the values of the current equipment parameter settings. CTR Mem Dum p display the data contained in the memory RAM CSB Detail display detailed information on CSB module Monitor Detail display detailed information on Monitors Transponder Detail display detailed information on Transponders Software version display detailed information on software version.

D.3.5.1

Warnings status

Selecting the Warnings option, a window is displayed which lists the messages concerning the current warning. If no warning condition exists, the message NO WARNING ACTIVE will appear (figureD.19).

Figure D.19. Warnings scr een

The window displayed contains the following commands: Print: makes it possible to start printing the contents of the window. Save: makes it possible to save the contents. Exit: makes it possible to exit the present display and return to the main screen. Possible warning messages are as follows:


Page 141

Appendix

Mon 1 - antenna switch not congruent with command

Mon 1 – TRX1 state not congruent with command Mon 1 - TRX2 state not congruent with command Mon 1 - TRX1 qualification disagreement with MON2 Mon 1 - TRX2 qualification disagreement with MON2 Mon 1 - Invalid state code from TRX1 Mon 1 - Invalid state code from TRX2 Mon 1 - Invalid state code from duplexer Mon 1 - Invalid TRX1 qualification code from MON2 Mon 1 - Invalid TRX2 qualification code from MON2 Mon 1 - monitor not initialized by CSB Mon 1 - EEPROM faulty Mon 1 - qualification port faulty Mon 1 - qualification port communication faulty Mon 1 - generation/acquisition RAM faulty Mon 1 - XILINK read/write register error Mon 1 - XILINK initialization error Mon 1 - command I/O port setting error Mon 1 - switch I/O port setting error Mon 1 - mux I/O port setting error Mon 1 - counter check error Mon 1 - interrogation pair check error Mon 1 - frequency synthesizer check error Mon 1 - ADC check error Mon 1 - attenuator check error Mon 1 - Id. code, filter check error Mon 1 - Automatic changeover error Mon 1 - Op./stand-by command error Mon 1 - AGR flag Active Mon 2 - antenna switch not congruent with command Mon 2 - TRX1 state not congruent with command Mon 2 - TRX2 state not congruent with command Mon 2 - TRX1 qualification disagreement with MON2 Mon 2 - TRX2 qualification disagreement with MON2 Mon 2 - Invalid state code from TRX1 Mon 2 - Invalid state code from TRX2 Mon 2 - Invalid state code from duplexer Mon 2 - Invalid TRX1 qualification code from MON2 Mon 2 - Invalid TRX2 qualification code from MON2 Mon 2 - monitor not initialized by CSB Mon 2 - EEPROM faulty Mon 2 - qualification port faulty Mon 2 - qualification port communication faulty Mon 2 - generation/acquisition RAM faulty Mon 2 - XILINK read/write register error Mon 2 - XILINK initialization error Mon 2 - command I/O port setting error Mon 2 - switch I/O port setting error Mon 2 - mux I/O Port setting error Mon 2 - counter check error Mon 2 - interrogation pair check error Mon 2 - frequency synthesizer check error Mon 2 - ADC check error Mon 2 - attenuator check error Mon 2 - Morse code filter check error Mon 2 - Automatic changeover error Mon 2 - Op./stand-by command error Mon 2 – AGR flag Active Trx 1 - monitors command disagreement


Page 142

Appendix

Trx 1 - command from monitor/s bypassed Trx 1 - Invalid command code from monitor 1 Trx 1 - Invalid command code from monitor 2 Trx 1 - EEPROM faulty Trx 1 - Trx not initialized by CSB Trx 1 - Trx Communication port faulty Trx 1 - associated facility code faulty Trx 1 - associated facility faulty Trx 1 - duplexer switch faulty Trx 1 - TX thermal protection Trx 1 - low input voltage Trx 1 - input reflected power Trx 1 - pulse width protection Trx 1 - power supply faulty Trx 1 - +48 volt absent Trx 1 - TKW thermal protection Trx 1 - TKW low input voltage Trx 1 - TKW input reflected Power Trx 1 - TKW pulse width protection Trx 1 - TKW Power supply faulty Trx 1 - +48 volt absent on TKW Trx 1 - PLL on RX not locked Trx 1 - modulation counter overflow Trx 1 - acquisition counter overflow Trx 1 - calibration counter overflow Trx 1 - calibration time-out Trx 1 - acquisition time-out Trx 1 - DMA time-out Trx 1 - instability of calibration measurements Trx 1 - run-time eprom check Trx 1 - run-time system ram check Trx 1 - TX duty cycle Protection Trx 1 - power supply (+5, +15, -15) out of range Trx 1 - TX switched on by means of hw key Trx 1 - RX card absent Trx 1 - DPR card absent Trx 1 - TX card absent Trx 1 - TKW card absent Trx 1 - TOA RAM write error Trx 1 - Main delay below lower limit Trx 1 - TKW module eeprom faulty Trx 1 - TRX module eeprom faulty Trx 2 - monitors command disagreement Trx 2 - command from monitor/s bypassed Trx 2 - wrong command code from monitor 1 Trx 2 - wrong command code from monitor 2 Trx 2 - EEPROM faulty Trx 2 - Trx not initial4ed by CSB Trx 2 - Trx Communication port faulty Trx 2 - associated facility code faulty Trx 2 - associated facility faulty Trx 2 - duplexer switch faulty Trx 2 - thermal protection Trx 2 - in low voltage Trx 2 - in reverse power Trx 2 - pulse width protection Trx 2 - power supply faulty Trx 2 - +48 volt absent Trx 2 - TKW in thermal protection


Page 143

Appendix

Trx 2 - low voltage on TKW Trx 2 - in reverse Dower on TKW Trx 2 - pulse width protection on TKW Trx 2 - power supply faulty an TKW Trx 2 - +48 volt absent on TKW Trx 2 - PLL on RX not locked Trx 2 - modulation counter overflow Trx 2 - acquisition counter overflow Trx 2 - calibration counter overflow Trx 2 - end calibration time-out Trx 2 - end acquisition time-out Trx 2 - end DMA time-out Trx 2 - subsequent calibration measurement mismatch Trx 2 - run time eprom check Trx 2 - run time system ram check Trx 2 - pulse outnumber protection Trx 2 - power supply (+5, +15, -15) out of range Trx 2 - TX on from touch pushbutton Trx 2 - RX card absent Trx 2 - DPR card absent Trx 2 - TX card absent Trx 2 - TKW card absent Trx 2 - TOA RAM write error Trx 2 - Main delay below lower limit Trx 2 - TKW module eeprom faulty Trx 2 - TRX module eeprom faulty CSB - Monitor disagreement - TRX I status CSB - Monitor disagreement - TRX 2 status CSB - Monitor disagreement - TRX I alarm CSB - Monitor disagreement - TRX 2 alarm CSB - Monitor disagreement - antenna switch control CSB - Monitor disagreement - antenna switch status CSB - Flag for DC-DC 1 unit non configured CSB - Flag for DC-DC 2 unit non configured CSB - Flag for DC-DC 3 unit non configured CSB - Flag for DC-DC 4 unit non configured CSB - Flag for AC-AC 1 unit non configured CSB - Flag for AC-AC 2 unit non configured CSB - Flag for AC-AC 3 unit non configured CSB - Flag for AC-AC 4 unit non configured CSB - Battery Disconnect - not configured CSB - Battery predepletion - not configured CSB - AC input low on module 1 CSB - AC input low on module 2 CSB - AC input low an module 3 CSB - AC input low on module 4 CSB - DC output low from module 1 CSB - DC output low from module 2 CSB - DC output low from module 3 CSB - DC output low from module 4 CSB - Battery operation CSB - Battery depletion CSB - Battery predepletion CSB - Operation from external power supply CSB - default parameters CSB - at least one TRX alarm detected CSB - restart in progress CSB - MON I communication faulty CSB - MON 2 communication faulty


Page 144

Appendix

CSB - TRX 1 communication faulty CSB - TRX 2 communication faulty CSB - Mon. I not Initialized CSB - Mon. 2 not Initialized CSB - Trx I not Initialized CSB - Trx 2 not Initialized CSB - Monitors 1/2 different sw rel. CSB - TRX 1/2 different sw rel. CSB - EEprorn Faulty CSB - Mon 1 - Control Mode not congruent CSB - Mon 2 - Control Mode not congruent CSB - Trx 1 - Control Mode not congruent CSB - Trx 2 - Control Mode not congruent CSB - Back Panel 1 Faulty CSB - Back Panel 2 Faulty CSB - Back Panel 1 not configured CSB - Back Panel 2 not configured D.3.5.2 Al arms s tat us Selecting the option Alarms on Trx1 or Alarms on Trx2 the Alarms on Transponder window (figure D.20) is displayed concerning the transponder selected which gives the list of the parameters measured cyclically by the monitors and the measurements beyond the established alarm thresholds. The parameters are the following: −

Reply Delay;

−

Reply Efficiency;

−

Pulse Spacing;

−

Peak Power Output;

−

Transmission Rate;

− Identification; −

Transmitter Freq. (Transmitter Frequency)

−

Transmitted Power.

Reply Delay

OK

OK

Reply efficiency Pulse spacing Peak Power Output

OK OK OK

OK OK OK

Transmission Rate

OK

OK

Identification

OK

OK

Transmitter Freq.

OK

OK

Transmitted Power

OK

OK

Figure D.20. Alarms on Transpon der 1

The window displayed contains the following indications/commands: Update Mon 1: indicates updating of the measurements concerning monitor 1 in progress.


Page 145

Appendix

Update Mon 2: indicates updating of the measurements concerning monitor 2 in progress. Start: makes it possible to re-start updating the values of the measurements whose refresh was blocked by an Abort command. Ab ort: makes it possible to block the display status to enable printing, saving the measured values or to exit the active window. Print: makes it possible to start printing the values. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command. Save: makes it possible to save the values. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command. Threshold: makes it possible to display the lower (- Thr), higher (+Thr) and average (Nominal) alarm threshold values relating to each parameter in a separate window. Trx Parameter : makes it possible to display the current values of the main parameters of the operating transponder. Exit: makes it possible to exit the present display and return to the main screen. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command. In normal operating conditions, no alarm message must appear on the screen; as long as these condition exist if the operator requests alarm display, the screen page shown in figure D.20 is displayed where all the parameters are within their respective tolerance ranges (green OK indication). When one or more measurements obtained from one or both monitors (according to the set monitoring logic) exceed the alarm thresholds, the value is displayed in yellow (secondary parameter) or red (primary parameter) color. If the equipment is configured with a single transponder, the ALARMS on TRX 2 option cannot be selected; if there is only one monitor, N.A. (Not Available) is displayed for all the checks made by monitor 2 (MONITOR 2 column). D.3.5.3

List of Settings

Selecting the option List of settings, the List of Settings window is presented (figure D.21) which makes it possible to display the current values of the data referring to: −

Transponder Parameters;

−

Operational Parameters;

−

Monitor Threshold;

−

Restart delay;

−

DME Configuration;

−

Routine check period;

Figure D.21. List of Settings The window shown in figure D.21. is formed of three parts: −

at the top left there is the Print All button which makes it possible to print the parameters displayed;


Page 146

Appendix

−

at the top right, the list of the types of data that can be displayed is shown;

−

the data with their current value are displayed at the bottom.

The following parameters are displayed for each type of data: Transponders Parameters: CHANNEL & MODE; REDUCED POWER 1st IDENTITY CODE; 2nd IDENTITY CODE; TRANSMISSION RATE; REPLY DELAY; DEAD TIME; SHORT ECHO SUPP. (Short Echo Suppression); THR.LG DIST.ECHO (Threshold Long Distance Echo); SENSITIVITY N; ANTIECHO DURATION; MORSE code MODE; IND.ID.RECOVERY (Independent Identity Recovery); DOT DURATION Trx Switch Logic Operatio nal Parameters: MONITORS LOGIC; STANDBY MODE. Monitor Alarm Thresholds: REPLY DELAY; REPLY EFFICIENCY; PULSE SPACING; PEAK POWER OUTPUT; TRANSMISSION RATE. Restart parameters: RESTART ATTEMPTS; 1ST RESTART DELAY; 2ND RESTART DELAY; 3RD RESTART DELAY; TIME TO RESET CYCLE. DME Std Configuration: BATTERY PRESENCE; MAINS PRESENCE; ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT; DUAL TRANSPONDER; DUAL MONITOR; DME Extended Configuration: DME Type Monitor Cable Loss Antenna Probe Coupling Antenna Cable Loss Mon 1 Power Adj Mon 2 Power Adj Mains Power Supply Module ACDC 1 Present Module ACDC 2 Present Module ACDC 3 Present Module ACDC 4 Present Routine Check Period: DAYS; HOURS.


Page 147

Appendix

With this window only display is possible; to change the set data access to the Settings menu (paragraph D.3.7) is necessary. Reference should be made to the same paragraph also for the descriptions of the parameters and the values they can take.

D.3.5.4 Memory Dump The Mem. Dump option allows displaying the data contained in the RAM memory and used by the qualified operator to run a more detailed check, these data are usable for investigation on the state of the equipment (used in factory check). The Memory Dump window is displayed in which the operator can enter the starting address (hex) from which the memory locations will be displayed. This address must consist of four characters. Figure D.22 shows an example of display of the contents of the Controller RAM in the case in which the operator has entered the hexadecimal value 0000 as start address.

Figure D.22. Memory Dump The Memory Dump window contains the following commands: Start: makes it possible to re-start updating the values of the measurements whose refresh was blocked by an Abort command. Ab ort: makes it possible to block the display status to enable printing or to exit the active window. Print: makes it possible to start printing the values. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command. Exit: makes it possible to exit the present display and return to the main screen. This can only be selected after activating the Abort command.

D.3.5.5

CSB Data detail

This menu item (figure D.23) permits to display detailed information on CSB, very useful at the time of installation and diagnosis. 1) DATA Logging information on CSB History is available. It is history unloaded on the HD of an enabled PC when it is connected to CSB. It is reset in the supervisory by means of command LCSU. Four History programs are implemented instead of one. However, this is sufficiently transparent to the operator: Event logging

containing the stored date first and date last recorder of event

Routine checks on Trx Main

containing the results of the routine checks on Trx in antenna

Routine checks on Trx Stby

containing the results of the routine checks on Trx in dummy load

Routine checks on Monitor

containing the results of the routine checks on monitors


Page 148

Appendix

The following are the indications on their status: Status

indicating no anomalous condition of the present data. The status may be OK/EMPTY/FAULTY.

Hist. size

indicating the number of bytes reserved to History

Stored records

is the number of the records reserved

st

Time of 1 record

is the date of the 1st event record

Time of last record

is the date of the last event record

2) Power Supply flags Are data displayed of power supply connection : − ACDC 1 to 4 (OK) −

DCDC 1 to 4 (OK)

−

BATTERY (NORMAL voltage range – CONNECT )

−

Back p anel + 5V flag

3) Restart Information Are data displayed the typical information on the restart procedure: Status: (Enabled or Disabled) At tem pt N°: number of attempts in progress Time to next switc h on: time in minutes before next beacon auto-restart 4) Routine Check Information : Status: indicates the condition of routine check (Enabled, Disabled or Waiting) Next Routin e Check - indicates the date and time of next routine check 5) CSB Battery Information: Battery on board: indicates the status of the rechargeable NI-CD battery in CSB.

Status Event logging: OK

Time of First Record 01/01/2000 21:18:09

Time of Last Record 02/01/2000 11:53:34

Rtck on Trx Main: EMPTY

Stored Rec 105 0

NO RECORD

NO RECORD

Rtck on Trx Stby: EMPTY

0

NO RECORD

NO RECORD

Rtck on Monitor: EMPTY

0

NO RECORD

NO RECORD

ACDC 1

OK

Status :

ACDC 2

OK

Att empt N° :

ACDC 3

FAULTY

ACDC 4

FAULTY

DCDC 1 DCDC 2 DCDC 3 DCDC 4

Time to next switch on :

DISABLED 0 0:0

OK OK

Status : Next Routin e Check :

OK

BATTERY

FAULTY

BATTERY

NORMAL

BackPanel 1 +5V

CONECT

BackPanel 2 +5V

FAULTY

Battery on board :

DISABLED DISABLED

OK

Figure D.23. CSB Data detail


Page 149

Appendix

D.3.5.6

Monitor detail

This menu item (figure D.24) permits to display detailed information on monitors, very useful at the time of diagnosis. The windows displayed contains the following information's:

–

Commanded Antenna Position

–

Read Antenna Position

– – – – – – – –

Transponder 1 On/Off State Transponder 2 On/Off State Transponder 1 On/Off Flag Transponder 2 On/Off Flag Trx 1 Alarm Status sent to other monitor Trx 2 Alarm Status sent to other monitor Trx 1 Alarm Status got from other monitor Trx 2 Alarm Status got from other monitor

Commanded Antenna Positi on

Trx 1 on antenna

Trx 1 on antenna

Read Antenna Positi on

Trx 2 on antenna

Trx 2 on antenna

Transponder 1 On/Off "Must be"

Trx 1 Stand by

Trx 1 Stand by

Transponder 2 On/Off "Must be"

Trx 2 On

Trx 2 On

Transpon der 1 On/Off Flag

Trx 1 Stand by

Trx 1 Stand by

Transpon der 2 On/Off Flag

Trx 2 On

Trx 2 On

Trx 1 Alarm Status sent to ot her monitor

No Alarm

No Alarm

Trx 2 Alarm Status sent to ot her monitor

No Alarm

No Alarm

Trx 1 Alarm Status got from other monitor

No Alarm

No Alarm

Trx 2 Alarm Status got from other monitor

No Alarm

No Alarm

Figure D.24. Detail of Moni tors D.3.5.7

Transponder detail

This menu item permits to display detailed information on transponder shown as example in follows figure D.25.

Read antenna Position

on Dummy

on Antenna

On/Off status commanded from Mon 1

Stand by

On

On/Off status commanded from Mon 2

Stand by

On

On/Off status sent to m onitors

Error

On

Debug bridge status

Idle

Idle

Figure D.25. Detail of Transponder(s)


Page 150

Appendix

D.3.5.8

Software Version

This menu item (Figure D.26) permits to display detailed information on software version of the following modules: − CSB − MON1 − Tx1 − MON2 − Tx2

Figure D.26. Software versi on D.3.6

MAINTENANCE Mode Enviro nment

Selecting the Maintenance option from the main screen the confirmation window shown in figure D.27 is displayed. At this point the possible selections are: OK: to access the maintenance environment. Cancel: to close the confirmation window and return to the main screen without accessing the maintenance environment.

Figure D.27. Maintenance Confir mation This environment allows the operator to perform all the Automatic mode measurements, individually or through Routine Check with the addition of other measurements that cannot be carried out in Automatic mode, as they would interfere with normal operation of the transponder on the antenna. The following additional measures are available: – Automatic Gain Reduction, – Identity Priority on Reply, – Adjacent channel Desensitization, – Sensitivity variation with load, – Recovery time – CW Desensitization.. WARNING Disabling of the automatic monitoring cycle means that no change over in the case of degrading of the antenna signal.


Page 151

Appendix

Figure D.28 shows the main screen. The options available are the following: −

Commands (paragraph D.3.6.1);

−

Checks (paragraph D.3.6.2);

−

Status (paragraph D.3.6.3);

−

Settings (paragraph D.3.6.4);

−

Exit (paragraph D.3.6.5);

−

Utility (paragraph D.3.6.6);

−

Help (paragraph D.3.6.7). DME 435 Commands

Checks

Status

Settings

Exit

Utility

Help

Figure D.28. Maintenance Main Screen

D.3.6.1

Maintenance COMMANDS Option

Selecting the Commands option from the main screen of the maintenance environment, the Commands window is displayed (figure D.29) which makes it possible to modify the operating status of the two transponders individually and to change over the transponders. The Commands window is divided into three fields respectively concerning the operating status of transponder 1, transponder 2 and changing them over. The settings referring to the transponders contained in fields Trx 1 and Trx 2 are the following: −

OPERATING: the transponder is powered correctly and all voltages are supplied to the respective modules; the modulating signal is sent to the TX module and therefore the RF signal output by the transponder will be sent to the antenna or to the dummy load, according to transponder connection.

−

STBY (Standby): all transponder modules are powered correctly except for the TX and TKW modules. The internal converter of these modules, which generates the voltages for the RF section, is inhibited.

−

CHANGE OVER: makes it possible to change the current connection of the two transponders so that the transponder on antenna will be connected to the dummy load and vice versa.

In the case of equipment configured with a single monitor or single transponder, no command can be carried out on transponder TRX2 (the part of the window dedicated to TRX2 commands is empty). After entering the necessary settings, it is possible to select OK to return to the main screen of the maintenance environment. Select Cancel to cancel the settings made.


Page 152

Appendix

Figure D.29. Maintenance Commands

D.3.6.2

Maintenance CHECKS Menu

Selecting the Commands option from the main screen of the maintenance environment, the Check window is displayed. The parameters concerning this Check menu are the same as the one that appear on check menu of automatic mode environment (see para D.3.4 ) at which should be added the Configurable Measurement parameter. D.3.6.3

Maint enance Status Menu

The procedures to be followed in this para, reference should be made to para.D.3.5. "Status" on automatic mode environment. D.3.6.4

Maint enance Setti ngs Menu

The parameters concerning this Settings menu are the same as the one that appear on Settings menu of automatic environment (see para D.3.7.) D.3.6.5

Maint enance Exit menu

Selecting the Maintenance option, from the main screen, the confirmation window shown in figure D.30, is displayed. At this point the possible selections are: OK: to exit the maintenance environment. Cancel: to close the confirmation window and remain on the maintenance environment.

Figure D.30. Confi rmatio n Exit Maintenance

D.3.6.6

UTILITY Menu

Selecting the “Utility” option from the main screen the corresponding menu is displayed which only contains the Buzzer Off (or Buzzer On) option which, when selected deactivates or activates the buzzer. This operation can be carried out faster by pressing key F4.


Page 153

Appendix

D.3.6.7

HELP Menu

The program contains a help-on-line, which can be displayed at all times. Selecting the Help option the corresponding menu is displayed which contains: Index to access the help program index and all the information contained in it. Using Help to access the summary of use of the guide. About DME to display a window which provides information about the copyright and the version number of the program copy installed that is being used. D.3.7

SETTINGS Menu

Selecting the Settings option from the main screen, the corresponding menu will be displayed (figureD.31).

Figure D.31. Setting s Menu The Settings menu contains the following options: Transponder Parameters makes it possible to display and change the main transponder parameters Operatio nal Parameters makes it possible to display and change the equipment operational parameters Monitor Thresholds makes it possible to display and change the data concerning alarms Restart Delay makes it possible to display and change the data concerning reply delays DME Configuration makes it possible to display and change the data concerning the DME configuration Routine Check Period makes it possible to display and change the data concerning the interval between routine checks Selecting one of the options which makes parameter display and changing possible, the corresponding window is shown which contains the data relating to the item selected. This window, which has the same graphic layout for all options of this type, contains the following commands: OK: to confirm the settings (not present for Transponder Parameters, Operational Parameters and Monitor Thresholds options). Modify: after highlighting the changed parameter, it allows access to the Settings window of the parameter selected and proceeding with the new setting (not present for the Routine Check Period option). Selecting Modify, the Setting window relating to the parameter concerned is displayed. In addition to the graphic symbols for making the correct settings (personalized for each parameter) the Setting screens also contain the following commands:


Page 154

Appendix

Print: makes it possible to start printing the parameters. Exit: makes it possible to exit the present display and return to the main screen. OK: to confirm the settings. Cancel: to cancel the settings. D.3.7.1 Setting Transponder Parameters Selecting the Transponder Parameters option, the corresponding window is displayed which contains the data relating to the transponders. The table below gives the following information for each parameter: −

possible selections (with accepted range of values);

−

default values. NOTE The parameters concerning this setting section are the same as the ones that appear selecting Trx Parameters of the Executive Monitoring. Parameter Channel and Mode

Possi ble selectio ns

Default value

Channel: 1 to 126 Mode: X or Y

None

Identity Code 1 Identity Code 2

max. 4 characters ≤ 64 dots long. The Identity code 2 is used when 2 DME are install on head of runway

None

Dot duration

100 ms to 160 ms

Reply Delay

Mode X: 35,00 to 75,00 µs in steps of 0,05 µs Mode Y: 50,00 to 75,00 µs in steps of 0,05 µs

None

Dead Time

0 to 150 µs in steps of 1 µs

60 µs

Thr.Lg.Dist.Echo

0 to -60 dBm in steps of 10 dBm

0 dBm

Sensitivity N

-74 dBm to -94 dBm in steps of 1 dBm

-91 dBm

Antiecho Duration

50 to 300 µs in steps of 5 µs

100 µs

Short Echo Supp.

Enabled (ON) Disabled (OFF)

Transmission Rate

Ranging from 800 to 4800 or from 2700 to 4800

Morse code Mode

MASTER CODE, MASTER TRIGGER, SLAVE CODE or SLAVE TRIGGER

MASTER TRIGGER

Ind.Id.Recovery

Never (NO) Through signal from associated equipment (ON SIGNAL) Code not received from associated equipment (ON SENSING)

NO

Reduced Power

ON (0 to -3 dB ; step 1 dB) OFF (0 dB)

OFF

Trx Switch logic

Both monitors must be agree or One monitor is enough

None

112 ms

ON 2700 to 4800

The following paragraphs give some pieces of information concerning the parameters in the above table. D.3.7.1.1

Operatin g Channel and Mode

The DME/N beacon has 252 operating channels in the nominal frequency band between 962 to 1213 MHz. These channels are divided equally between mode X and mode Y. The operating channel and the channel mode have no default value as they depend on the site where the beacon is installed. This parameter must therefore be set before activation of the beacon.


Page 155

Appendix

NOTE Each time that the channel is changed, check that the value of the reply delay is coherent with the selected mode and if necessary, modify the values. Figure D.32 shows the screen for setting the parameter.

Figure D.32. Setting - Channel and Mode D.3.7.1.2

Identity code

The identity code 1 and 2 has no default value since this value depends on the site where the beacon is installed. This code must therefore be defined before the beacon is powered on. The identity code consists of four characters whose length must not be greater than 64 times that of a dot. The duration of dot is set from 100 ms and 160 ms. D.3.7.1.3

Reply Delay

The reply delay has no default value, this parameter must therefore be defined before the beacon is powered on after setting the operating channel and mode. The permissible range of values is from 35 µs to 75 µs for X mode channels and from 50 µs to 75 µs for Y mode channels. Figure D.33 shows the screen for setting the parameter.

Figure D.33. Setting - Reply Delay

D.3.7.1.4

Dead Time

When the decoding circuit detects a pair of interrogating pulses, the Processor is silenced for an operatorselectable period of time (dead time). The dead time default value is 60 µs but a value between 0 and 150 µs can be set.


Page 156

Appendix

D.3.7.1.5

Long Echo Presetting

The long echo suppression circuits are used to suppress pulses caused by reflection phenomena that may appear at the end of the dead time. The parameters that can be set for the long echo suppression circuits are the suppression circuit enable threshold (THR.LONG DIST.ECHO) and the suppression threshold duration (ANTIECHO DURATION). The long echo suppression circuits are usually disabled (enable threshold set to 0 dB) as the parameters of these circuits must be set during beacon installation in that these echo pulses depend on the environmental and relief characteristics of the site where the beacon is installed.

D.3.7.1.6

Receiver Sensitivit y

Receiver sensitivity (SENSITIVITY N) can be set, for DME/N equipment, between −74 dBm and −94 dBm (default value: -91 dBm). D.3.7.1.7

An ti -echo Durati on

Refer to paragraph D.3.7.1.5. D.3.7.1.8

Short Echo Suppression

The short echo suppression circuits, normally enabled, are used to suppress pulses caused by reflection phenomena that have a value 3 dB below the interrogating pulse level and may occur between the two pulses forming the interrogating pulse pair. The two values that can be selected for the short echo suppression circuits using the space bar are ON (short echo suppression circuits on) and OFF (short echo suppression circuits off). Figure D.34 shows the screen for setting the parameter.

Figure D.34. Setting - Short Echo Supp. D.3.7.1.9

Transmiss ion rate

The selectable transmission rate may range between 800 ±50 ppps and 4800 ±150 ppps or between 2700 ±90 ppps and 4800 ±150 ppps. The variation in the pulse pairs per second depends on the interrogating load and can be set to supply distance information to a maximum of 200 airborne interrogators. Figure D.35 shows the screen for setting the parameter.

Figure D.35. Setti ng - Transmis sion Rate


Page 157

Appendix

D.3.7.1.10

Morse code Mode

The DME/N equipment may be associated, as master or slave, to VHF equipment. In this case the MORSE code MODE parameter defines the mode in which the beacon transmits or receives the identity code. The permissible values are as follows: a. DME Master −

MASTER CODE: the beacon sends its own identity code to the associated equipment from which it will be transmitted.

−

MASTER TRIGGER: the beacon provides the associated equipment with the synchro triggers; in this case, the associated equipment will send its own identity code.

b. DME Slave −

SLAVE CODE: the beacon receives the identity code of the associated equipment.

−

SLAVE TRIGGER: the beacon receives the synchro triggers from the associated equipment and sends its own identity code.

Figure D.36 shows the screen for setting the parameter.

Figure D.36. Setting - Morse Mode D.3.7.1.11

Independent Identity Recovery

This parameter is used to define how and when the equipment is to restore its independence of the identification, in case of a malfunction on the associated master equipment. The permissible values for this parameter are as follows: −

NO: the equipment will never restore its independence even if the VHF associated equipment is no longer able to provide its own identity code; as a result, the equipment will never transmit its own identity code.

−

ON SIGNAL: the equipment will restore its independence and therefore transmit its own identity code only if it receives an appropriate signal indicating that the associated equipment is faulty.

−

ON SENSING: the equipment will restore its independence automatically only if, it does not receive the identity code from the associated facility, within an expectation period.

Figure D.37 shows the screen for setting the parameter.

Figure D.37. Settin g – Independent Identific ation Recovery


Page 158

Appendix

D.3.7.1.12

Reduced Power Operation

The beacon normally radiates the RF signal at maximum power. This power however can be reduced up to 3 dB typical value (50% reduction of maximum power) with a consequent reduction in consumption. This is particularly useful if the beacon is being powered by the battery. Reduced power operation is indicated by the REDUCED POWER message on the PC screen.

D.3.7.2

Setting Operational Parameters

Selecting the Operational Parameters option, the corresponding window is displayed (figure D.38).

Figure D.38. Operational Parameters The table below gives the following information for each parameter: −


−

default values.

Parameter

Possib le selectio ns

Monitors Logic

1 MONITOR 2 MONITORS

Standby Mode

NORMAL HOT

Default value 2 MONITOR NORMAL

The following paragraphs give some pieces of information concerning the parameters in the above table.

D.3.7.2.1

Monitoring Logic

For equipment operation, the operator can set a one or two monitor type logic. The values that can be selected are as follows: −

2 MONITOR: one monitor logic (default condition). In this case, if one of the two monitors is faulty, the beacon will continue working. An alarm condition will only occur if both monitors detect that a parameter alarm threshold is being exceeded (best condition preset).

−

1 MONITORS: two monitors logic. In this case, if one of the two monitors is faulty, the beacon is shut down. An alarm condition will occur if only one of the two monitors detects that an alarm parameter threshold is being exceeded (worst condition preset).

This option cannot be selected for equipment configured with only one monitor.


Page 159

Appendix

D.3.7.2.2

Stand-By Mode

When the beacon is operating in automatic mode, one transponder is connected to the antenna while the other is connected to the dummy load and is on stand-by. The permissible stand-by levels are as follows: −

NORMAL: normal stand-by (default condition). The transponder connected to the dummy load receives the +5 V and ±15 V but the DC/DC converters inside the TX and TKW modules are inhibited.

−

HOT: hot stand-by. In this case, the transponder connected to the dummy load receives all power supply voltages. Therefore, this stand-by condition corresponds to transponder OPERATING status: N. A. for DME 415 and 435.

This option cannot be selected for equipment configured with only one transponder.

D.3.7.3

Setting Monitor Thresholds

Selecting the Monitor Thresholds option, the corresponding window is displayed (figureD.39).

Figure D.39. Monitor Thresholds

The table below gives the following information for each parameter: −


−

default values. Parameter

Possi ble selectio ns

Default value

Reply Delay

Type of alarm: PRIMARY Alarm threshold: ±0,1 to ±0,4 µs Alarm delay: 1 to 10 s in steps of 1 s

PRIMARY ±0,1 µs 4s

Pulse Spacing

Type of alarm: PRIMARY Alarm threshold: fixed at ±0,25 µs Alarm delay: 1 to 10 s in steps of 1 s

PRIMARY ±0,25 µs 4s

Reply Efficiency

Type of alarm: PRIMARY or SECONDARY Alarm threshold: fixed at 70% Alarm delay: fixed at 10 s

SECONDARY 70% 10 s

Identification

Type of alarm: PRIMARY or SECONDARY Alarm threshold: none Alarm delay: fixed at 2 cycles

SECONDARY – 2 cycles

Peak Power Output and Transmitted Power Transmission Rate

Type of alarm: PRIMARY Alarm threshold: fixed at 3,0 dB Alarm delay: 1 to 10 s in steps of 1 s Type of alarm: PRIMARY or SECONDARY Alarm threshold: fixed at 80 ppps Alarm delay: fixed at 10 s


PRIMARY 3,0 dB 4s SECONDARY 80 ppps 10 s

Page 160

Appendix

Selecting any one of the parameters listed previously and activating the Modify command, the corresponding window is displayed through which it is possible to set the values referring to the type of alarm, the alarm threshold and the alarm delay. The values that cannot be modified are not displayed. Figures D.40 show the windows for setting the Reply Delay, Pulse Spacing, Reply Efficiency, Identification, Peak Power Output and Transmission Rate parameters.

Figure D.40.a. Setting - Reply Delay

Figure D.40.b. Setting - Pulse Spacing

Figure D.40.c. Setting - Reply Effi ciency


Page 161

Appendix

Figure D.40.d. Setting – Identific ation

Figure D.40.e. Settin g - Peak Power Output

Figure D.40.f. Setting - Transmission Rate Refer to paragraph D.3.4.2.1 for a description of the parameters. Information concerning the alarms is given below. − Al arm Type

The alarm type may be primary or secondary. A secondary alarm causes only a degradation of beacon operating conditions while a primary alarm will shut down the transponder only or the entire beacon (primary alarm for both transponders). The operator can define the type of alarm only for those parameters referring to the signal transmitted which, even though not correct, do not prevent the airborne equipment extrapolating the distance information from the signal transmitted by the beacon. Therefore,


Page 162

Appendix

alarm conditions relating to reply delay, pair pulse spacing and transmitted signal peak power will always be primary. − Al arm Thresholds

The alarm threshold, which informs the operator whether an alarm condition is present on the parameter, can be set only for the reply delay while it is fixed for all other parameters. − Al arm Delay

The alarm delay, which indicates the time during which the alarm condition must exist in order to be detected, may be defined only for the reply delay, pair pulse spacing and transmitted signal peak power. D.3.7.4

Setting Parameters for Restart Delay

Selecting the Restart Delay option, the corresponding window is displayed. The table below gives the following information for each parameter: −


−

default values. Parameter

Possib le selectio ns

Default value

Restart Attempts

0 to 3

0

1st Restart Delay

20 to 3600 s in steps of 1 s

60 s

2st Restart Delay


120 s

3st Restart Delay


120 s

Time to Reset Cycle


240 s

The CPU controller may automatically attempt to restore beacon operation after a shut-down. Restart At tempts number of attempts (1 to 3). If 0 is set (default value) no attempt will be made. 1st, 2nd, 3rd Restart Delay delay before any attempt. Time to Reset Cycle wait before the controller confirms beacon recovery. D.3.7.5

Setting DME Configuration Parameters

Composed of two configuration: − DME Configuration Standard − DME Configuration Extended

D.3.7.5.1

Standard Configuration setting

Selecting the DME Standard Configuration, the corresponding window is displayed (figureD.41).


Page 163

Appendix

Figure D.41. DME STD Confi guratio n

The table below gives the following information for each parameter: −


−

default values.

Parameter

Possibl e selection s

Default value

Battery Presence

YES or NO

YES

Mains Presence

YES or NO

YES

Associate Equipment

YES or NO

YES

Dual Transponder

YES or NO

YES

Dual Monitor

YES or NO

YES

The above parameters allow the operator to define the type of supply for the equipment, the presence or not of associated VHF equipment and the number of transponders and monitors with which the equipment is configured.

Battery Presence must be set to YES if the dc direct power supply is used as primary power supply for the beacon and as auxiliary power supply, used in case of a mains failure. Mains Presence must be set to YES only if the beacon is powered from the mains. As so ci ated Equip ment must be set to YES if the DME is associated to VHF equipment. Dual Transponder must be set to YES if the equipment is configured with two transponders. Dual Monitor must be set to YES if the equipment is configured with two monitors. D.3.7.5.2

Extended Configuration setting

The following parameters allow the operator to define (figure D.42): −

DME Type : 100W (DME 415) or 1kW (DME 435)

−

Mon. 1 Power Adj .: Values from –100 to +100 on monitor 1. Refer to section 2 para 2.6.4.2.2.

−

Mon. 2 Power Adj.: Values from –100 to +100 on monitor 2. Refer to section 2 para 2.6.4.2.2


Page 164

Appendix

−

Modules of Power Supply: number of ACDC module installed

−

Monitor Cable Loss: Loss of monitors coax. cable for antenna monitoring

− Antenna Pro be Coupli ng: Coupler value on antenna (typical 20 dB) − Antenna Cabl e Loss : Loss of antenna coax. cable −

Mains Power Supply: type of mains subrack (BCPS or FRAKO)

NOTE. For Calibration refer to section 2 "Installation" para 2.6.4.2

2.0 21.5 2.0 Mon. 1 Power Adj. Mon. 2 Power Adj. Mains Power Supply

: +50 : -10 : Frako

Figure D.42. DME Extended Con figu ration

D.3.7.5.3

As so ci ated Facili ty Interface (AFI) con fi gurat ion s ettin g

The following parameters allow the operator to define (figure D.43): − AF St atus : signal logic type of the Associated Facility equipment status (Low or High) −

Identity Code/Trigger fr om A F: code or trigger signal logic type from Associated Facility equipment (Low or High)

−

DME Status: signal logic type of the DME equipment status (Low or High)

−

Identity Code/Trigger to AF: code or trigger signal logic type to Associated Facility equipment (Low or High)

Figure D.43. AFI Conf igurati on


Page 165

Appendix

D.3.7.6

Setting of t he Routine Check A utomatic Execution Period

Selecting the Routine Check Period option, the operator can set an automatic execution period for the Routine Check. The automatic Routine Check is performed sequentially on the transponder on the antenna, on the transponder connected to the dummy load and on both monitors. The Routine Check automatic execution period may range from 1 to 90 days, or no value may be entered (Days and Hours fields set to 0).

D.3.8

UTILITY Menu

Selecting the “Utility” option from the main screen the corresponding menu is displayed which only contains the Buzzer Off (or Buzzer On) option which, when selected deactivates or activates the buzzer. This operation can be carried out faster by pressing key F4. D.3.9

HELP Menu

The program contains a help-on-line, which can be displayed at all times. Selecting the Help option the corresponding menu is displayed which contains: Index to access the help program index and all the information contained in it. Using Help to access the summary of use of the guide. Ab out to display a window which provides information about the copyright and the version number of the program copy installed that is being used.


Page 166

Appendix

APPENDIX E

MON-H – HARDWARE MONITOR E.1

INTRODUCTION

The DME 415/435 ground beacon is normally equipped with a software monitor system. The purpose of this system is to check the transponder functionality. Since the software monitor is designed with programmable devices (microcontrollers and field programmable gate arrays), it is not possible to compute its whole software integrity. According to these motives, the hardware monitor has been introduced. The hardware monitor (MON-H) performs additional executive hardware monitoring of Main Delay using traditional hardware devices (no programmable devices are used) thereby the integrity of the monitor can be easily calculated. The purpose is to provide a final SHUT DOWN command to both transponders in case of equipment’s failure; if standard software monitor does not recognize a Main Delay faulty condition, the hardware monitor will force a shutdown command. E.1.1

Part Numbers

Table E.1 shows the part numbers involved in the hardware monitor introduction. Table E.1 – DME Equip ment Part Numbers Dual Configuration Part Number

DME Model

Single Configuration Part Number

with Monitor HS - PN 474.910.041 Cabinet PN: 297.509.007 DME AN 415 HW DME AN 435 HW

527.400.016 527.400.017

N/A N/A

with Standard Monitor - PN:474.910.013 Cabinet PN: 297.509.004 DME AN 415 DME AN 435

527.400.001 527.400.002

527.400.005 527.400.006

with Standard Monitor - PN:474.910.013 Cabinet PN: 297.509.007 DME AN 415 DME AN 435

E.2

527.400.012 527.400.013

N/A 614.600.74

MAIN FEATURES

When the hardware monitor detects an alarm condition, it shuts down both transponders without changeover. Each physical SW monitor board (P/N 474.910.041) can be equipped with its own optional hardware monitor extension. It performs an executive HARDWARE MONITORING of the Main Delay: •

It works in parallel with the standard SW MONITOR, the HW Monitor acts as a supervisor

•

It shares the same input signals as the SW MONITOR

Acting on the shutdown control lines of the Transponder, it operates only if the SW MONITOR fails to recognize an out of tolerance condition, and its output line is able to force the transponder switch-off command.


Page 167

Appendix

Main features: •

Performs a hardware measurement of Main Delay with respect to ICAO specifications Alarm thresholds ± 0.35 µsec Alarm delay presetable via HW links (from 5 to 10 seconds)

•

Monitor logic: AND/OR operation allowed (for dualized equipment)

•

Normal / Maintenance mode

•

“Self check control” for auto-test function

•

Clock and board’s supply power supervisor

E.3 Note:

GENERAL DESCRIPTION in this appendix, the HARDWARE MONITOR is abbreviated with HW monitor , HW MON or MON H, while the SOFTWARE or STANDARD MONITOR (microprocessor controlled) with SW monitor , SW MON or MON S.

The Hardware Monitor is “place in” between the Software Monitor and the DMD module of each transponder (in dualized equipment). His purpose is to cut-off the executive status lines from the software monitor to DMD when the hardware monitor detects an alarm while the software monitor does not. Once the lines have been cut, the DMD is fed with a specific lines alarm pattern which, result in a transponder shut-off. Physically the hardware monitor is mounted on the software monitor slot as a “piggy-back” card. Figures E.1 shows the DME general block diagram when the hardware monitor is present. The grayed areas represent the hardware monitor insertion. Hardware monitor is made up by traditional components and it has been designed to be as simple as possible, in order to maximize the MTBF and reliability, and to have a reliable self check, to detect every kind of failure, when possible. Figure E.2 shows the detailed hardware monitor block diagram. Anten na

TRX 1

TRX 2

RX 1

RX 2

DPR 1

DPX 1

(TOA and Main Delay)

Transfer switch

DPR 2

DPX 2

TX 1

(TOA and Main Delay)

TX 2

Dummy load DMD 1

DMD 2

CMD

CMD

MON-H 1

MON-H 2

Int Rep

Int Rep HW MON Alarm status

CMD

CMD

MON-S 1 Rep Int

RF Module

Interrogs

Interrogs

Replies

RF Module

Replies

MON-S 2 Rep Int

SW MON Alarm status

Figure E.1. DME General Bloc k Diagram wi th MON-H.


Page 168

Appendix

E.3.1

Feature Description

This paragraph describes the measurement techniques and methods that are used by the hardware monitor. Note: alarm condit ion indicates a condition due to a detected failure, while alarm status indicates the final condition that cause the real transponders shut down. E.3.1.1

Main Delay Measurement

See figure E.2 Main Delay measurement is performed with the method of coincidence; HW monitor receives an interrogation’s trigger that characterizes the Main Delay test performed by the standard monitor, and then it opens a gate, during which the interrogation pair is detected. TOA (time of arrival) of first pulse starts a counter that generates a coincidence gate (700nsec) after a presetable period (Main Delay Preset) selectable via hardware links in the range from 35 to 75 µsec with steps of 50 ns. In this coincidence gate, the HW monitor expects to receive the reply TOA: a dedicated counter computes how many correct coincidences arrive in 1 sec, and if this number is acceptable (reaches and exceeds a threshold) a reset signal is sent to a dedicated timer. If the timer doesn’t receive this signal for a preset Alarm Delay time (selectable via hardware links), it reaches the terminal count and alarm condition is set. The alarm threshold is presetable via hardware factory adjusts, but normally it is 5 (of 16) correct coincidence in 1 sec. If the missed coincidences are more than 9 in 1 sec, system is considered faulty for the considered 1 sec gate. If those faulty time gates are accumulated to reach Alarm Delay Time (i.e. standard monitor didn’t work properly), the entire DME is to be considered faulty, and the transponders will be shut off. The value 5 of 16 is obtained considering that Hardware Monitor is independent from standard SW Monitor and check purely the signals it receives during normal functionality. There are a number of altered or missed reply due to various known causes (for example, during Morse Id Code), so its alarm threshold is chosen in order to make HW monitor tolerating those known failing signals. E.3.1.2

Interrogation Trigger

If interrogation check does not arrive for Alarm Delay Time, HW monitor set alarm condition on, because no timer rearm signal is generated. E.3.1.3

Transponder s tatus

Status decoder block reads the status of both transponders; if at least one of them is in operating mode, HW monitor perform Main Delay measuring. If both transponders are off or in stand-by mode, HW monitor inhibits its own functionality. Notice from the following table E.2 that the status qualifications of the Transponders are such as to require at least two failures on different lines to be misinterpreted. Table E.2 – DST code DST2

DST1

DST0

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

Stat us Not allowed Stand-by Operating Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed Not allowed OFF

E.3.1.4 AND / OR qu ali fi cat ion l ogic and Mai ntenanc e Mode All alarm conditions (with exception of supply power and clock alarm, that have higher priority) are combined in AND/OR qualification logic with alarm condition of the other HW MON (only in dualized equipment). Note that in qualification AND mode, shut off command is sent only if both hardware monitors are in alarm condition, while in OR mode the first (and eventually only one) HW monitor may force transponders shut off.


Page 170

Appendix

Maintenance mode inhibits generation of shut down command: this mode is selectable by an hardware link; if monitor qualification confirms alarm condition, the alarm latch locks itself in alarm status, and if HW monitor isn’t in maintenance mode, the three-state “command” buffer inhibit every SW monitor command and pull-up resistors fix - through a “signal” buffer - the command 111 on parallel command CMD lines: this is the code, fully hardware treated, that forces transponder shut off Notice that at least two failures on different lines must happen in order for a command to be misinterpreted.

E.3.1.5 Auto matic sel f-check Hardware Monitor has an automatic self check that provides a periodic test over the board’s most critical function blocks. Normal measurement and self-check mode are alternated with one-second period. During self-check the reply signal is delayed out of coincidence gate: so, the number of coincidence must not be enough, and the purpose of self-check function is to verify that this anomaly will be recognized. In order to do that, the Alarm delay timer is dualized: while one of them is dedicated to normal measurement, the other one is performing self-check. If all is running as expected, the timer dedicated to normal measurement will never arrive to the terminal count, while the other will ever arrive to terminal count. In order to check the functionality of both Alarm delay timer, they are periodically exchanged; the same timer that was performing self check, is dedicated to the normal measurement, and the one that was checking the expected numbers of coincidences is dedicated to self-check. The timer actually performing self-check isn’t locked after the arrival to the terminal count: so, it produces only a one-clock terminal count pulse and continues running. This pulse confirms both the correct functionality of timer and the correct recognizing of missed coincidences. This pulse passes through circuits, but it isn’t latched by Alarm Latch. It forces buffer to inhibit its output lines, and a one-clock pull-upped shut-down command is sent to DMD. This short command is filtered, so it cannot really shut off the transponders, but it is detected by Self Check Pulse detector by means of a six-input AND gate. If these pulses are missing for about 30 secs, the alarm condition is raised, the alarm LED is lighted and, in compliance of Qualification logic and Automatic/Maintenance mode, shut-down command is sent. Please, note that if final buffers are failing so the one-clock pulse isn’t recognized, the alarm status cannot cause the shut-down command, but the alarm LED shows the anomaly. Self Check commutation checker checks that the swapping of two Alarm Delay timers runs correctly. The Self Check Alarm (in compliance with qualification logic and Automatic/Maintenance mode) bypasses the Alarm latch and goes directly to the command buffer (that generates the 111 command sent by the signal buffer ). There are also a supply voltage monitor and a clock monitor : When one of them detects a failure, it generates a so called board alarm. This signal bypasses not only the AND/OR qualification logic and the alarm latch, but also the Command buffer and goes directly (no matter Automatic or Maintenance mode) to the signal buffer, setting it into the third state and forcing the command “111” through the final pull-up resistors. E.3.1.6

Manual checks

It’s possible to manually force a set of real failure, in order to allow aend to end verification useful to check the good behavior of measurement blocks, self check blocks and alarm path: •

Replay Delay alarm test: with pressing B2 pushbutton (see User’s manual), the reply TOA is ever forced out of coincidence window (not only during self check). So, after ADP (Alarm Delay Preset) seconds, Hardware Monitor arise an alarm.

•

Self Check Test: with pressing B2 (see User’s manual), the reply TOA is ever forced inside the coincidence window. So, also during self check, the two Alarm Delay timers are both reset every second, and theself check 1 us pulse cannot be generated.

After about 30 seconds, Hardware Monitor arise a Self Check alarm. Both tests cause the shut off command sent to transponders: this permits an end to end test over the shut down path and critical blocks of HW MON.


Page 171

Appendix

E.3.1.7 Al arm reset pus hbutton After the final latch has set alarm status and fixed shut off command, it is not possible to restart DME without pressing the reset alarm button of Hardware monitor. E.3.2

System Integration

Figure E.3 shows the hardware monitor integration in a dualized DME equipment: not all DME's components are displayed. This figure shows only functional blocks that are fundamental in understanding the HW MON' integration in DME system. interrogation pulses

to DPX 1

reply pulses

from DPX 1

Transponder 1 status

TRANSPONDER 1 RF MODULE 1

HW MON 1

DPR 1

RX 1

Threestatebuf

BACK PANEL

54ABT244 EN

TX 1

DMD 1

SW MON 1

TKW 1 DC Supplier

AND/ORselection

1CMD_0_TX e nCMD_1_TX i l CMD_2_TX d n a mCMD_0_TX_R m oCMD_1_TX_R CCMD_2_TX_R

DPX 1

Vcc

DC Supplier

EPLD7032

EN

Shut off control

Shut off control

TKW_off

TX_off

AND/ORLogic

Hardware qualification (alarmstatus informations interchange)

TRANSPONDER 2 RF MODULE 2

HW MON 1

DPR 2

RX 2

Threestatebuf 54ABT244 EN

TX 2

DMD 2

SW MON 2 2CMD_0_TX eCMD_1_TX nCMD_2_TX i l d n a mCMD_0_TX_R mCMD_1_TX_R o CCMD_2_TX_R

DPX 2

Vcc

DC Supplier

AND/ORselection EN

TKW 2 DC Supplier

EPLD7032 Shut off control TKW_off

Shut off control

TX_off

AND/ORLogic

Transponder 2 status

from DPX 2

r eply pulses

interrogation pulses

to DPX 2

Figure E.3. MON-HS Block Diagram The "shut down command" triplet has a fully hardware path from Hardware Monitor boards to Transponder DMDs; Table E.3 shows possible DCMD configuration: a “not-allowed” pattern causes transponder shut-off. Table E.3 – DCMD conf igur ation Status

DCMD2

DCMD1

DCMD0

NOT ALLOWED

0

0

0

STAND-BY

0

0

1

OPERATING

0

1

0

NOT ALLOWED

0

1

1

NOT ALLOWED

1

0

0

NOT ALLOWED

1

0

1

NOT ALLOWED

1

1

0

OFF

1

1

1


Page 172

Appendix

E.4

BOARD DESCRIPTION

L7

L6

B1 B2 B3 H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6

B1 B2 B3 H1 H2 H3 H4 -

Self check TEST button TP Alarm TEST button L1 Reset button L2 Alarm LED (red) L3 Remote Alarm LED (red) L4 Measurement mode LED (green) L5 Alarm Delay counter A status LED (yellow) L6 Alarm Event Register H5 - Alarm Delay counter B status LED (yellow) L7 Alarm Event Register  H6 - Alarm Delay counters Reset LED (yellow)

TP 1/7

L1 L2

L4

L5

L3

Frontal test points Automatic/Maintenance mode preset (HW link) Qualification AND/OR Logic preset (HW link) Not used Alarm Delay preset (HW links) Main Delay preset (HW links) Reply TOA setup (HW links) Interrogation TOA setup (HW links)

Figure E.4. Board Layout – Links , pushbuttons and LEDs loc ations In the following paragraphs, each component hereby listed is described.


Page 173

Appendix

E.4.1

LEDs

There are six LEDs on the board ([H1], [H2], [H3], [H4], [H5], [H6] – refer to figureE.4) •

One red LED [H1], indicating the alarm condition

•

ON, if board is in alarm status in addition to the above status, this LED blinks ten times per second when hardware monitor is in maintenance mode. OFF, if no alarm condition is detected ON, if a Remote Alarm is received from other Hardware Monitor board. in addition to the above status, this LED blinks ten times per second when hardware monitor is in maintenance mode.

One green LED [H3], indicating the measurement modes :

•

BLINKING (on/off at the rate of half second), if a local alarm is detected

One red LED [H2], indicating the Remote Alarm condition

•

OFF, if no alarm condition is detected

ON, during reply delay measurement OFF, during self-check in addition to the above status, LED [7] blinks ten times per second when hardware monitor is in maintenance mode.

Two yellow LEDs [H4] and [H5], displaying: a) which alarm delay counter is operating, during measurement •

ON, if correspondent alarm delay counter is operating for reply delay measurement.

•

OFF, if correspondent alarm delay counter is operating in self check mode.

b) the Alarm Event Register, when an alarm condition is detected

•

E.4.2

•

LED [H4] ON, if occurred a Main Delay alarm (wrong Main Delay detected)

•

LED [H5] ON, if occurred a Self Check alarm

•

LED [H4] and [H5] OFF, if occurred a Remote Alarm or a Board Alarm (clock or power supply alarm)

One yellow LED [H6], indicating the reset signal for the Alarm Delay Counter that is in operating mode: ON, when the active Alarm Delay Counter is resetted. Pushbuttons

The three push-buttons [B1], [B2] and [B3] are for end-to-end test and alarm reset. •

Push-Button [B1]: end-to-end test of self check alarm press the push-button for at least 30 seconds to force a self check alarm condition

•

Push-Button [B2]: end-to-end test of reply delay alarm. press the push-button for at least 10 seconds to force the reply delay alarm condition.

•

Push-Button [B3]: alarm reset. press the push-button to reset hardware monitor.

E.4.3

Hardware Links

The groups of links [L1], [L2], [L4], [L5], [L6] and [L7] are for operational settings and adjustments. The link labeled by [L3] is not used. •

Links [L1] are used for automatic/maintenance mode.

-

links inserted : maintenance mode links not inserted : automatic mode


Page 174

Appendix

•

Link [L2] is used for AND/OR mode.

-

link inserted : AND mode (default) link not inserted : OR mode

•

Links [L4] are used to preset the alarm delay timing (ADP : Alarm Delay Preset)

•

Links [L5] are used to preset the reply delay timing (MDP : Main Delay Preset)

•

Links [L6] are used to adjust timing of the TOA of reply (TOA requires to compensate differences introduced by circuitry).

•

Links [L7] are used to adjust timing of the TOA interrogation.

E.5

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Applicable documents: comply with ICAO annex 10; EUROCAEMPS Ed.57; UK CAA Cap 670 The HARDWARE MONITOR: Require for high integrity of the radiated signal in additional to the standard feature monitoring System of the equipment Gives an alarm condition if:

• •

the main delay’s measurement results in an out of tolerance for more than 5…10 s (presettable via hardware links); - the interrogation trigger is missing for more than 5…10 sec (presettable via hardware links); - the self check detects an internal failure - clock monitor or voltage monitor detects a board failure • Includes a Qualification logic function that combines the alarm information (HW qualification) of the HW MONITORS 1 and 2: disagreements between the HW qualifications of the HW MONITORS are managed by this qualification logic function;

-

•

In case of alarm and according to the Qualification logic AND / OR preset and in compliance with Automatic/Maintenance Mode, it sends a priority shut-off command to transponders that forces the corresponding output of the SW MONITOR:

•

The shut-off command is inhibited if HW MON is in Maintenance Mode

•

HW MON operations are inhibited in case of status “ Not Operating ” of Transponders;

•

A self test function provides a continuous check-up of hardware monitor’s most critical functionality

•

Sends a shut off command in case of its own power supply is under of nominal threshold (-5%) or clock is faulting (notice: those failures have priority over Qualification l ogic )

Board physical characteristics: −

height:

185.4

mm;

−

width:

221

mm;

−

depth:

10

mm;

−

weight:

0,5

kg.

Electrical supply characteristics: −

DC source from MON-S:

+5V / 150 mA and –15V / 15 mA

Environmental conditions: −

Temperature:

–10° C to + 55°C °C;

−

Relative Humidity:

up to 95% (-10 to +35°C); max 60% (> 35°C);


Page 175

Appendix

E.6 E.6.1

INSTALLATION Location

For hardware monitor installation, the DME ground beacon must be switched off. Open the front cabinet door and locate the transponder subrack (in case of dualized equipment, locate both transponder subracks). Refer to grayed dashed zone shown in figureE.5. ANTENNA MONITORS PROBES CONNECTORS

LCSU unit Rear view

ANTENNA CONNECTOR

Nr. 4 eyebolts for to be lifting

50 Ohm Dummy Load

COAX RELAY OUT

OUT

1 X P D

TKW 1

2 X P D

IN

TKW 2

IN

RF AMPL/DPX SUBRACK

MDM 1(option) AFI TAI

RF TEST PATCH PANEL

dummy

MDM 2 (option) D

F

H

C

E

B

J1

1 S W P

Documents holder

D

1 N O M

F

1 R P D

1 X R

E

1 D M D

1 X T

H

C

B

J1

2 S W P

2 N O M

TRX/MON (1) SUBRACK

2 X R

2 R P D

2 D M D

2 X T

TRX/MON (2) SUBRACK

IN 48Vdc MAINS

54 Vdc OUT

Terminal BAR

Module OK V adj -

Module OK + TP -

Vadj -

+ TP -

Mains OK

Mains OK

AC/DC 1

AC/DC 2

BCPS Subrack

Figure E.5. DME Transponder subrack location (dual equipment)


Page 176

Appendix

In each subrack, locate the monitor board: the software monitor hosts, as a piggy-back board, the hardware monitor. Refer to figure E.6.

S W P

S H N O M

X R

. u . n

R D P M D D

X T

Figure E.6. Monitor location – Transponder subrack view E.6.2 NOTE:

Physical installation The monitor module with part number “474.910.013” is not compatible with the hardware monitor board and must be replaced with part number “474.910.041” (Monitor HS).

In order to retrofit a DME equipped only with software monitoring (MON), proceed as follows:

E.6.3

switch the equipment off remove the original Monitor Modules from the equipment; plug-in the new Monitor HS module; set operational mode and alarm limit on the MON board(s) according to the instructions in the following paragraphs switch the equipment on Settings

E.6.3.1 Auto matic and maint enanc e mode When HW MON is in Automatic Mode, the Alarm Status causes the “Shut Down” command to be sent to transponders. Remind the difference between Al arm Conditi on , meaning that either the measurement of reply delay or the self check is faulty, and Al arm Stat us that’s the result of AND/OR logic applied with Remote Alarm. In Maintenance Mode, instead, HW MON works exactly as in Automatic Mode, with the exception of the Shut Down command, that in this mode is inhibited and so never sent. In order to set HW MON in Maintenance mode, the link [L1] must be inserted.

-

link inserted : maintenance mode link not inserted : automatic mode


Page 177

Appendix

E.6.3.2 AND / OR qu alifi cat ion logic The Qualification Logic combines the Local Alarm condition with the Remote Alarm Condition using AND or OR operator. If the AND mode is set, HW MON send the Shut Down command only if both itself and the other monitor are in alarm condition. If the OR mode is set, instead, HW MON send the command as the first alarm condition is detected: Local or Remote alarm make the HW MON sending Shut Off command. Naturally, in order to make HW MON’s working properly, both HW MON’s are to be set in the same AND or OR mode. In order to set Qualification Logic in AND mode, the link [L2] must be inserted.

-

link inserted : AND mode link not inserted : OR mode

E.6.3.3 Al arm delay The Alarm Delay Preset (ADP) is set (in seconds) with links [L4], according to the binary notation and the following rule: ADP = desired value - 1 assuming the presence of a link as “1” and its absence as “0” For example: for a desired alarm delay of 10 seconds, settings will be :

Links [L4]

Alarm delay: 10 seconds

10 – 1 = 9

dec to bin

1

To obtain 9 seconds of alarm delay:

0

0

1

Links [L4]


9 – 1 = 8

dec to bin

1

0

0

0

To obtain 8 seconds of alarm delay: Links [L4]


8 – 1 = 7

dec to bin

0

1

1

1

NOTE: The Morse Code has priority over replies, so during identification a number of replies may be lost; the Hardware monitor detect this as a failure, so in case of long codes, is suggested to set the ADP to 10 seconds in order to avoid any problem due to long Morse code duration. Notice that an Alarm Delay of 10 seconds is compliant with ICAO ANNEX 10.


Page 178

Appendix

E.6.3.4

Main Ma in Delay Preset

Main Delay Preset (MDP) is set by means of the links [L5 [L5], ], accordingly to its binary notation. The value to set is obtained dividing the Reply Delay desired value (in microseconds) by 0.050. Remember to assume that the presence of a link is “1” and the absence is “0” Main Main d elay elay of 50 microseconds:

50 : 50 : 0.050 = 1000

dec to bin

Links [L5]

0

1

1

1

Main Main d elay elay of 56 microseconds:

56 : 56 : 0.050 = 1120

E.6.3.5

dec to bin

1

1

0

1

0

0

0

Links [L5]

1

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

TOA detector setup

It is important to consider the time offset introduced by the circuits: offset compensation can be achieved by means of [L6 [L6]] and [L7 [L7]] links. See paragraph E.6.4.1 for more details. E.6.4

Start-up

The Hardware Monitor is performing only by means of hardware circuitry without any need of start-up configuration. It becomes operating as soon as the equipment is switched on. At first switch on procedure it is suggested to verify the time settings required by SW MON and transponders to correctly operate. For this purpose Hardware Monitor must be set in maintenance mode. Notice: Notice: Reset Push Button [B3 [B3]] must be pressed at every switch on. Figure E.7 shows the position and the meanings of the Test Points located on the board.


Page 179

Appendix

TP1

TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5 TP6

TP7

TP1 – Interrogation Trigger (active low) 350/400 ns signal that that triggers HW_MON on the arrival of of interrogation

TP2 – Interrogation TOA (active high) 50 ns signals representing TOAs of interrogations

TP3 – Reply TOA (active high) 50 ns signals representing TOAs of replies

TP4 – Coincidence Gate (active high) The gate in which hardware monitor expects to find of coinci dences (reply TOAs).

TP5 – Alarm Delay Rearm (active high) 1 ms signals indicating that the number of coincidences detected in the last second reached the threshold.

TP6 – Shut Off Command (active high) The signal that according to the monitor logic preset (AND/OR) and also according to the operation mode (Automatic/Maintenance) can be sent to final buffer that forces a shut off command to transponders

TP7 – GNDP Digital ground

Figure E.7. E.7. Detail of Test Points (TP) on the front of the board


Page 180

Appendix

E.6.4.1

SIGNALS CHECK AND TOA DETECTORS SETUP

Notice: Notice: the following checks have to be performed with main transponder in operation. Make sure that Software Monitor associated with the Hardware Monitor under check is running and that the transponder is operating on antenna. Notice: the described setup procedure requires an oscilloscope. Connect the ground of oscilloscope at DGND point shown in figureE.7. figure E.7. Important: in case of retrofit of an existing DME, the setup of TOA Detectors must be done when when DME is correctly operating and with the Main Delay checked as described in paragraphE.6.4.2. paragraph E.6.4.2. a) Select a channel on oscilloscope, set trigger on same channel and:

-

Check the presence of interrogations’ triggers on TP1.

-

Check the presence of interrogations’ TOAs on TP2.

-

Check the presence of replies’ TOAs on TP3.

-

Check the presence of active high gates of 0.750 µs on TP4 (one every approximately 62 ms)

b) Set links [L5] L5 ] with the desired Main Delay value c)

Connect channel 1 probe to TP4, and channel 2, probe to TP3. Set oscilloscope in order to see in the screen both 0.750 µs gate and replies TOAs. The signal on TP3 “jumps” forward and behind: this is the effect of Self Check that, with a period of one second, adds 1.5 µs delay to check the functionality of the coincidence detector.

d) search for appropriate combination of jumpers on links [L6] L6 ] and [L7 [L7]] in order to have the left TOA in the gate as in the figure E.8. Remember that the right and left tolerance are to be measured from the positive edge of gate to positive edge of TOA, and from negative edge of TOA to negative edge of gate. So, if the measured Main Delay is 56.00 µs, to obtain a tolerance between 55.65 and 56.35 you have to adjust links [L6 [L6]] and [L7 [L7]] to center the TOA in the gate (as shown in figure E.8). E.8). e) connect, and properly trigger, channel 1 probe to TP5; TP5; there will be an active high 1 ms signal every 2 seconds. Notice that during Morse code this signal may be not pr esent esent . f)

connect, and properly trigger, channel 1 probe to TP6; there will be be an active high 1µs signal every 10 seconds (but only in automatic mode, because in maintenance mode it is inhibited). This signal is generated by Self Check.


Page 181

Appendix

0.35 µs

0.35 µs

Figure E.8. TOA duri ng repl y delay measurement mu st b e centred to have a gate ± 0.35 µs

An eventual glitch is due to digital nature of circuits. It DOES NOT create problems.

1.50 µs

Figure E.9. TOA 1.5 µs delayed, dur ing Self-Check


Page 182

Appendix

E.6.4.2

MEASUREMENT OF TRANSPONDER’S MAIN DELAY

The measurement of the Reply Delay, using an oscilloscope, is made in two steps. At first, display the signal present on test point AN 34 of MON-S using the trigger signal on AN 71 of MON-S (GND is on AN 45 of MON-S). Select Maintenance Mode, then: 1.

to display the interrogation signals, select CHECKS, then Standard measurement – Monitor x (replace “x” with the number of the monitor under test: 1 or 2). Select All active, then start the measurements. In order to obtain a better picture, it is suggested to increase the pulse repetition by increasing the NSFA from 100 to 1000.

2.

to display the reply signal select CHECKS, then Standard measurement – TRX on antenna . Select Reply delay variation with level active, then start the measurement. To improve the display of the signals, it is suggested, as before, to increase the NSFA from 100 to 1000.

The measurement is easier using an oscilloscope with memory and delayed trigger. Figure E.10 is obtained by recalling the interrogation stored previously (step 1) and then displaying it with the reply signal (step 2).

Trigger

Int. signal (stored)

50%

Reply signal

50%

Main Delay

Figure E.10. Reply Delay measurement with oscilloscope


Page 183

Appendix

E.7

OPERATING

B1 B2 B3

S W P

S1

H1

S2

H2

S3

H3

S4

H4

S5

H5

S H N O M

AN34 AN71

AN45

H6 TP1 TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5 TP6

X R

TP7

L1 L2 L4 L5

B1 B2 B3 H1 H2 H3 H4 -

Self check TEST button H6 - Alarm Delay counters Reset LED (yellow) Alarm TEST button TP1 to TP7 - Frontal test points Reset button L1 - Automatic/Maintenance mode preset (HW link) Alarm LED (red) L2 - Qualification AND/OR Logic preset (HW link) Remote Alarm LED (red) L3 - Not used Measurement mode LED (green) L4 - Alarm Delay preset (HW links) Alarm Delay counter A status LED (yellow) L5 - Main Delay preset (HW links) Alarm Event Register H5 - Alarm Delay counter B status LED (yellow) S1 to S5 - MON-S indication LEDs Alarm Event Register AN34, AN71 & AN45 - MON-S test-points Figure E.11. Monitor HS Module mounted in the rack cabinet


Page 184

Appendix

E.7.1

Operating descript ion

This paragraph considers the manner to correctly read the HW MON’s status from frontal LEDs. During normal measurement, and in case of at least one transponder is operating, if none error is detected LEDs [H1] and [H2] are OFF, and [H3] blinks with a period of 2 secs (one second ON, one second OFF). Note that [H3] displays the measurement mode: it’s ON when HW MON is measuring the Main Delay, and it’s OFF during Self Check. When an alarm is detected, one or both LEDs [H1] and [H2] light on. [H2] display the Remote Alarm and it is on when the other HW MON detects a malfunctioning or a Main Delay error. [H1] displays the Local Alarm: if it blinks with a period of 1 sec, it means that this HW MON is detecting an alarm, but it doesn’t send shut-down command because the other HW MON “reports” that it’s all OK. This may happen only when the Qualification Logic is set in AND Mode. If [H1] is constantly ON, it means that the Alarm Status is reached and the Shut Off command is really sent to transponders. If in addition to mentioned behavior, the LEDs [H1], [H2] and [H3] blink with 10 Hz frequency, it means that the Maintenance Mode is set (and the Shut Down command is inhibited). LED [H6] display three informations: - the Alarm Delay Reset generated every second if the number of correct Main Delay’s measurement is almost 5 (per second)

-

the Global Reset: when [B3] is pressed, HW MON is reset and the LED stays on.

-

the transponder’s Stand By or OFF mode; HW MON is inhibited when none transponder is operating.

In HW MON there are two Alarm Delay counters: when one is operating, the other is under test. LEDs [H4] and [H5], as we read in chapter 3.1, display the status of Alarm Delay counters:

-

ON, if correspondent alarm delay counter is operating for reply delay measurement. OFF, if correspondent alarm delay counter is operating in self check mode.

In case of alarm (displayed by [H1]) LEDs [H2], [H4] and [H5] display also the Alarm Event Register:

-

[H2] ON: Remote Alarm [H4] ON: Main Delay Alarm [H5] ON: Self Check Alarm [H2], [H4] and [H5] OFF:

Analyze some examples, in which we’ll call the two HW MON as HW MON 1 and HW MON 2 in order to make them distinguished. Suffix _1 and _2 indicates LEDs and push buttons on HW MON 1 and 2. Set HW MON in OR mode (no matter Automatic or Maintenance mode), and press [B2_1], that is the Main Delay Alarm test push button; after ADP seconds, both HW MONs will be in alarm Status, [H1_1] and [H1_2] will be ON. [H3_1] will be OFF and after some seconds also [H3_2] will be OFF.


Page 185

Appendix

You can see, now, the Alarm Event Register: On HW MON 1

-

[H1_1] is ON because Alarm Status

-

[H2_1] is OFF, because Alarm Status wasn’t generated by Remote Alarm

-

[H3_1] is OFF, because measurement is stopped (because Alarm Status)

-

[H4_1] is ON, because Alarm Status was generated by a Main Delay error detected by this HW MON

-

[H5_1] is OFF

-

[H6_1] is OFF

On HW MON 2

-


-

[H2_2] is ON, because Alarm Status was generated by Remote Alarm

-


-

[H4_2] is OFF

-

[H5_2] is OFF

-

[H6_2] is OFF HW MON 1

HW MON 2

H1_1

H1_2

H2_1

H2_2

H3_1

H3_2

H4_1

H4_2

H5_1

H5_2

H6_1

H6_2

Set now HW MON in AND mode (no matter Automatic or Maintenance mode), and press [B2_1], that is the Main Delay Alarm test push button; after ADP seconds, HW MON 1 will be in Alarm Condition (local alarm): Alarm Status is not reached because Remote Alarm is low. So [H1_1] will blinks whit period of one second. [H2_2] will be lightened, because HW MON 1 detect a failure, but [H1_2] is OFF, because HW MON 2 doesn’t detect any failure. Please note that [H4_1] is ON, displaying this is a Main Delay Alarm, while [H4_2] and [H5_2] continue to show the status of Alarm Delay Counters. Continue to press [B2_1], and press also [B1_2] (the Self Check Alarm test button) for at least 30 seconds; HW MON 2 detects a Self Check failure, send its condition to HW MON 1, and both goes in Alarm Status. You can see, now, the Alarm Event Register: On HW MON 1 - [H1_1] is ON because Alarm Status

-

[H2_1] is OFF, because Alarm Status wasn’t generated by Remote Alarm

-


-

[H4_1] is ON, because Alarm Status was generated by a Main Delay error detected by this HW MON


Page 186

Appendix

-

[H5_1] is OFF

-

[H6_1] is OFF

On HW MON 2

-


-

[H2_2] is ON, because there was also a Remote Alarm

-


-

[H4_2] is OFF

-

[H5_2] is ON, because the alarm, on HW MON 2, was generated by a Self Check error

-

[H6_2] is OFF HW MON 1

HW MON 2

H1_1

H1_2

H2_1

H2_2

H3_1

H3_2

H4_1

H4_2

H5_1

H5_2

H6_1

H6_2

So, reading the LEDs, the user is able to know what’s happened: HW MON 1 first detected a failure ([H2_1] is OFF and [H2_2] is ON) in Main Delay ([H4_1] is ON), but the Qualification Logic was set in AND mode, so Alarm Status wasn’t reached. After this, HW MON 2 detected a Self Check error ([H5_2] is ON), and only at that time Alarm Status was reached. Considering also the LEDs mounted on SW MONs, in case of transponder operating, all ok (no failures detected), the LEDs will be: Table E.4 – LED condition in case of “ all OK” S1: S2: S3: S4: S5:

OFF Flashing, Morse code OFF OFF ON Notes:

H1: H2: H3: H4: H5: H6:

OFF OFF Light on/off with 1 sec interval Light on/off with 40 sec interval * Light off/on with 40 sec interval * Flashing 1 time every 2 seconds**

* H4 and H5 are alternatively light on and off, and must never be light ed on or off at same time . ** It is possible that during Morse code H6 doesn’t flash


Page 187

Appendix

Table E.5 – LED indic ations table Qualific ation Logic set on A ND Mode H1

H2

H3

H4

H5

ON/OFF 1s period ON/OFF 1s period

ON or OFF ON/OFF 40s period

OFF or ON ON OFF/ON Flash 40s period every 2 s

OFF

OFF

ON

OFF

OFF

Local alarm detected: Main Delay Alarm

OFF

OFF

OFF

ON

OFF

Local alarm detected: Self Check Alarm

OFF

OFF

OFF

OFF

OFF

Local alarm detected: Board Alarm (power supply, clock)

OFF

ON

ON/OFF 1s period

ON/OFF 40s period

OFF/ON 40s period

Flash every 2 s

Remote Alarm

ON

OFF

OFF

ON

OFF

OFF

ON

OFF

OFF

OFF

ON

OFF

ON

OFF

OFF

OFF

OFF

OFF

ON

ON

OFF

ON

OFF

OFF

ON

ON

OFF

OFF

ON

OFF

ON

ON

OFF

OFF

OFF

OFF

H6

Status

ON

Stand By or Reset Button [B3] pressed

OFF

OFF

OFF

OFF

ON/OFF 1s period ON/OFF 1s period ON/OFF 1s period

H6

Status Stand By or Reset Button [B3] pressed All OK

Alarm Status: Main Delay Alarm first, then Remote Alarm Alarm Status: Self Check Alarm first, then Remote Alarm Alarm Status: Board Alarm first (power supply, clock), then Remote Alarm Alarm Status: Remote Alarm first, then Main Delay Alarm Alarm Status: Remote Alarm first, then Self Check Alarm Alarm Status: Remote alarm first, then Board Alarm (power supply, clock)

Qualific ation Logic set on OR Mode H1

H2

H3

H4

H5

ON or OFF ON/OFF 40s period ON

OFF or ON OFF/ON 40s period OFF

OFF

OFF

OFF

OFF

ON

OFF

ON/OFF 1s period ON/OFF 1s period OFF

ON

OFF

OFF

OFF

ON

OFF

Alarm Status: Self Check Alarm

ON

OFF

OFF

OFF

OFF

OFF

Alarm Status: Board Alarm (power supply, clock)

ON

ON

OFF

OFF

OFF

OFF

Alarm Status: Remote Alarm

Flash every 2 s OFF

All OK Alarm Status: Main Delay Alarm

Please note that although if the same failure is detected by both the HW MONs, one of them take ever action before the other one; it means, in OR mode there will ever be one HW MON that set itself in Alarm Status as a consequence of Remote Alarm. Notice: when HW MON is in Maintenance Mode H1, H2 and H3 flashes with period of 1/10 sec in addition to behaviors described in table E.4. E.7.2

FUNCTIONALITY IN SINGLE EQUIPMENT

In a single equipment the hardware monitor logic must be set AND Mode. Please, notice that in this case the red LED [H2] st ays ever ligh tened. Every explanation given in this document for dual equipment is applicable also to HW MON single equipment. For end-to-end test, refer to table 8.1 in case of AND preset (L1_1 and L1_2 inserted).


Page 188

DME Vol - III Maintenance Thales DME

Recommend Documents