DEscola 2009 Levi Strauss

Cld Lévi-sr

vançados ançados 23 (67), 2009 estudos a v

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Claude Lévi-Strauss durante visita à Universidade

de São Paulo (USP), onde lecionou de 1935 a 1938 .

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estudos a vançados 23 (67), 2009

Cl Léi-sr, m prã1 P hiliPPe D escola

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é, m úi,  rpólg cj br rá xrci  mir i êci  écl XX. s m é iiciál  q i chm, pi l, rplgi rrl. er  múlipl brg q  cmp  ciêci cii chc  écl XX,  cp m piã priclr: m rlir   m im xplici já rchci, m ri rgil  m cl  ôm circcri,  rplgi rrl é primirm m mé  chcim rigil, rj  rm  prblm priclr  m icipli, m cj bj é m pricípi ã    ci ã ál q l rpim xrc m i êci mi lém  cmp  pqi q  i cr. Rrm mbém m ml  áli   cil rá i ã iimm ci cm  p   crir,  p   rrlim rplógic pr r i à z cm m im  pm rbl   plicã pr r q ã ql q  m  rigm. Léi-sr rml  pricípi   primir mpr  e ui, pó  cbr  ligíic rrl   rblh  n. trbzky   R. Jkb (chci m n Yrk,  úlim  rrá m mig). d  épc, cm i, l á cci  q  lgi  gir  mm cmih q  ligíic  qir qirir    m ciêci rigr (Léi-sr, 1945; 1958, cp.II). Pr  z, cci mi c pl cíi cm  “rê m” – Fr, Mrx   glgi –  q  ciêci cil ã  crói  prir  rli mi, m im lci  rm icci  ql  rl  qã rcil r  prpri  pm    m, l cbr  lgi m ml xmplr pr pôr m práic  iiã. e ml pr qr crcríic impr: b  íl  ôm cci pr priilgir     irrr icci; ã- pr bj  áli ã  rm, m  rlõ q  m; prcr mrr q  rlõ rmm im; fm, bc cbrir li gri. d  épc, Léi-sr l  hipó  q  qr prcim cmbi pm jr  clrcr  prblm  prc m rzã  lgi rml q l cbr r  m   rm q rm pr igr  pr. amb ã lm cj igifcã prém    rm cmbi m im, l própri pr  cim icci  píri,  cj rcrrêci m mi lgr  m gr q rpm  li iri.


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t  ii-r  rplgi rrl já ã pr  b, icli  cci  rc, ri  m r hr ilcl,   ensio sobr  dádiv  Mrcl M,  q rá m ppl impr m as strutur mntrs do prntso . n iíci  lir, cm i, Léisr frm q  pribiã  ic  r i cm   irl  gi  m rgr  rciprci pii q xig  rc  mlhr  im  li mrimil. e prpci r riclm  brgm  ôm  prc, b  p  i  cilgi  m  fliã   pricípi  ciiã  grp  cêci, im cm    rcrã hióric cjrl,  qi  cfm é ã  cilim   lciim. el  bií pr m ri grl  li  cm q clrc, pr  z,  rz   cim  i cii m jg  prc – clã, lihg, grp xógm –  mm mp q  rclc m cj mi mpl. além i,   grli   rcrrêci  rgr q rm  im  rc mrimil br  rr  píri, úic b lógic cpz, g Léi-sr,  grir  pl  i  hmm  iri   prõ clri. Cmpr-  rgizã li m im xrmm cmm  ql  mmbr  cmi  iim m  m q mêm  m gm  rlõ cmplx  irpêci. a iiiã rl clrm  mcim clifcóri  prc – c m  f pl prcim à  m – , mi  q i,  ppl crcil  pricípi  rciprci,  ql  rgizã li prc cm  rlizã mi ir, m q p iglm  crr m múlipl r rm  i cil. er   rm, frm Léi-sr, há ir  gr  ã  rz, pi  b cmm rp br rr mi  píri hm:  pricípi  rciprci,  xigêci  rgr cm rgr   crár iéic  ái, i é,    q  rrêci ci  m lr,  m iií  r, rrm  m prcir  crc m qli   lr rri (Léi-sr, 1949, p.108). Pr, m úlim iâci, é  rz  hmm, m qm rmi  iri prm icri   píri, m mpr ccim pri, q ri  m  iiiõ mrimii ,  mir mi mpl,  própri clr, cj mrgêci é mrc pl pribiã  ic. um l prfã  é é ili p m prêci, pi  as struturs mntrs do p- rntso ,   lg     br, Léi-sr  iz cci  q  li  pm ã irm  q crrm  m íic   rli cil q ã é ã, l mm, m   pc. o íl q Léi-sr  à  irã    vIª ã  Écl Priq  H É (ePHe), q rr à Fr, é  mm q l  mi r pr   cir  Cllèg  Frc, “rplgi cil”. a clh  rm f bm  m  prpci 150


q l rx   lógic. embr mprg hi éc  pí gl-xõ,  xprã “rplgi cil” r ii  Fr lg pi  grr; cr  prj irli própri à rplgi flófc, l implic mbém m hirrqi  m   bj  chcim,  qi  grf   lgi ã  r rm, ã g m rm  igi crc, m m rzã   riclã ir  ir p  prcim ciífc (c. Léi-sr, 1958, p.386-9). alíic  crii,  grf crrp  primir ági  pqi: é  pqi  cmp   cl   mi ir br m ci priclr, q m grl rl m  mgráfc circcri  mp   p. a lgi prlg  grf  rpr m primir r  í i  grlizõ fcim mpl m íl rgil (cj  ci izih q prm fi)  máic (ã l  m ip  ôm   práic cmm  mr ci), pr q  rcr   gráfc cári j m pré-rqii brigóri,   miã  prpri cmprái,  rl pr. Mi rrm bm-ci,  rplgi rpr  úlim mm  í: br  b  im  grf   lgi, l pir  przir m chcim glbl  hmm, cbri  pricípi q rm iligíl  iri   prõ cii    rprõ clri  lg  écl  ré  ci. apr, prém,  íl   l  vIª ã, Léi-sr rá  priilgir,  prir  g m   1950,  rplgi clrl m z  rplgi cil. Fil   prj  zr m iári  “mrlh mi”  prir  xpriêci gráfc,  cci  q  rplgi é m primir lgr m piclgi, l brá prgrim  cmp   cilógic pr  icr    ir miõ  pm míic. d ,  gr q  rriõ br  im  prc jm  rigm ml; l lz jm p m r x,  cciêci  hm,  “cr xigêci  i cil bji  iiiõ” (Léi-sr, 1964, p.18). a milgi ã pr  mbigi, pi ã m hm ã práic,  im rl  li,  m rm priclrm pr,  prõ  m píri ã mi c  pôr m rm m rli q lh é xrir, m lir pr cmpr cig mm, cm pr brm. o rblh br  “pm lgm” cim m p irmiári  i  rmr mpr mi m irã à li icci  píri. o im  clifcã   prõ rii  ci m cri rrm-  bj, grlm ri,    prmi cxõ, m rm iglm mi prõ mi (clifcã, hirrqizã, cli, hmlgi...) q ã irm,  ,   pm ciífc, mm   ôm  qi  plicm   chcim q przm  zm prcr mi i . d ,  pm lgm  xrc primirm br estudos a vançados 23 (67), 2009

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Lévi-Strauss, ao lado do caminhão acidentado, esperando socorro, durante a Expedição à Serra do Norte (1938).

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 n f a   i c n ê i C   i m o n o r   a   u   u M o v r  c a /  i r  F   o r    C o v i u q r a o  o F


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 cgri íi, c  r  crcr iíi mi igifci  bj pr crê-l m ig   prpri cl. À ir  cci br q  ciêci iliz,  ig ã i pr à img  qi irm  xiêci, m já pm m gr fci  mi m rlã   rr pr pr r mprg, r   rgir limi, cm f ir ql  q  im  iíci. a lógic  íl é im m “briclgm ilcl” q xplr m pq rpróri  rlõ prmái  irir  m cj q rm im,  l q  mifcã  m   lm irrá crim   r. a áli rrl, pr, ã m p pr mbiã lcir  lógic cl m prã  pm míic;  q l bc, pr mi    “pm  lg”, é clrcr ql pr  “pm m  lgm” q c m  ó cr cm m rí rir à gr micã rcil. em 1959, Cl Léi-sr é li prr  Cllèg  Frc gr à irã cii  Mric Mrl-Py. e cgrã ci m br já ã rchci  mir pr m lrg círcl  cii  ilci  rr  m, m mr mbém, m i crári,  riêci  iri ricil m clhr   i pqi q  m mi  rxi. a rm  íl “rplgi cil” ã il, prém, m rr  prblm cilógic. o prí q  igr rá  r mrc pl   mi  rlrá  pblicã, cl m i ,  qr lm  Mitoógis , cj méri é rci pl l  Cllèg  Frc. Mi i q r pr  pm lgm,  mi prcm  r  m libr crir lm lig  rriõ  rl; clrcr  li  cim ri prmiir, pr, rmr mi cim  cmprã  m píri q  m  i mm cm bj, m q  ji l hm cciêci  mir cm l prc. Pi c mi, m prm, é m hióri ipr, m rir igifcã  ã r  liã mrl q  q  cm  jlgm à z riz  irr. É q  i ã prc  cú   ql mi bim priilgi, m  râci  milhr  mi q, pr lém  iri pr   cú   m  pplõ q  lbrrm, cm  rr  m m rm lógic m prpé rrmã  cj múlipl cmbiõ hm  cmp ch  prõ  píri hm. aim,  áli rrl  mi ã pri prr m xii, pi, prgri  br  ciõ  m ci igmáic  prir  m mi  rrêci rbirrim clhi, l ó p pirr  rchcr,  rm im, mriz  igifcã rgm q m r cmih lz i igr. Rl  m iirári pl rr r  mi mi  q ggrf irl   r,  Mitoógis cim  rmr m igm q  própri Léi-sr ã ix  prgir. 154


a br ciífc cirál  Léi-sr ã  zr qcr  imprâci   r xã mrl: ci m rég  mpbrcim cj  iri  clr   péci ri, l mpr i  rplgi m irm críic  prcci, br rcii,  mm mp q m mi  plicr m hmim “grliz”,  j, ã mi, cm  Rcim, limi p à ci cii, m q l m c  xpriêci   br  cj  ci hm p  pr. Lg  czir  m imprál ciilizã mil q bl  iglri,  hmim frm,  crári, q, m méri éic  piril,  criã rir impõ,   m ii í cm  m clr, bcr   priclrim m mi  mlhr crá-l cm r lr. aliá,  qã éic rm m f cr  pm  Léi-sr, ã p prq l cir  rm  xprã ríic –  prcbi cm i –  ci ã cii  mm mp cm m f à rcili  oci  m bj lgíim  br rplógic, m mbém prq  br  lim  m r xã pr br  ppl  múic   pir cm miõ r  íl   iligíl,  q z l m cribiã  primir pl à ri éic. a i êci  rplgi rrl  l  ir mir g  épc   ip  mi ilcl q igi. a rmir  grr,  ólg rc  grã  Léi-sr (sll, Gril, Lri-Grh) m li m  própri br pr rr prm  i êci   ii; im, i   rgir, br  Iglrr   Hl, q  crrm  iíci m c. n Fr, rm pcilm ligi (Bi, dmézil), fló (Kyré, Mrl-Py)  hirir (Fbr, Brl, Mrzé) q,  cm   1950, brm prcir  rigili  prpci q l bri. a pblicã m 1955  Trists trópios z m públic mi mpl cbrir  rigili  pm  Léi-sr   pr  m gr crir,  j pr mi mp  cir cõ pr  lgi. n ,  rplgi rrl strito snsu ã pri r r iérpr lgíim ã   r, já q igém ri à li  pl,  rgr  mé   cclõ q fm  priclri  mprim léi-ri. em crpri, mi ã  pqir rc q  rchcm  q prím chmr m lgi rrli, cj hmgi, liá, é mi prcpíl q i  rgir, m rzã  pcifci q mi m rlã  r riõ rplógic cii. alg r  iigm, m q  m rm crim m cr cmprilh:  cicã  q  rplgi m pr r lcir  ribili pr  ôm cii  clri rz à lz iri míim, i é, rglri rcrr  rgizã  im  rlõ cj cim bc  miri  z  rgr estudos a vançados 23 (67), 2009

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 n f a   i c n ê i C   i m o n o r   a   u   u M o v r  c a /  i r  F   o r    C o v i u q r a o  o F


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icci;  hipó  q  iri ã   br rmiõ mrii ( rr  cérbr,  crcríic bilógic  hmm,  mli   ii pri   prpri íic  bj   mbi) q br lg impri r-hióric  i cil; fm,  prcêci  à áli icrôic br  áli icrôic, ã pr rjiã   imã hióric, m pr rc  piã mpiri q ci m xplicr  gê  m im   r fi   rr. efm,  pr r m mé  chcim xíl pr pricípi  qlqr ôm cil  clrl,  rplgi rrl mbém b crr m iêci r  cmp ricilm cbr pl lgi. É  c  lg fló, q clhrm cm iã m pm q rc  prim  cciêci   ji (Mrl-Py, Fcl, alhr, dlz). tmbém   hirir, br   aigi,  mili   pcili m ci ã rpi, zi  pl mé léi-ri q pl ã  prr  rpci bj cm  “lhr ici” q  ólg iliz  pqir m p xóic. É r q hirir cm J.-P. vr ihm hi mi czi áli iirm rri  q  i êci, cmbi à  dmézil  à  Léi-sr, cribi  rm cii pr m cr “riã rrli”   br  aigi. n 1 o pr rig rm xplõ  rblh rir (dcl, 1996).

Rrêci bibligráfc desCoLa, P. ahrplgi rcrl  hlgi rcrli. I: ReveL, J.; WaCHteL, n. (org.) Un éo pour s sins sois. d l vI ci à l’eHess. Pri: Cr, Éii  l’eHess, 1996. p.127-43. LÉvI-stRauss, C. L’ly rcrl  ligiiq   hrplgi. Word, Journ of t linguisti cir of Nw-York , .1, .2, p.1-21, ag. 1945. _______. ls struturs éémntirs d  prnté . Pri: PuF, 1949. _______. antropoogi strutur . Pri: Pl, 1958. _______. Mytoogiqus . Pri: Pl, 1964. .1: “L cr  l ci”. Ppp D , prfr d Cllèg d Frc, ilr d Cádr d arplgi d nrz dd 2000, fi rid d Lévi-sr. @ – dcl@h.fr

Pblicd m hr sér – l lttr du cèg d Frn, cud lév-stru – Cièm ivrir, nvmbr 2008. trdçã d Pl nv. o rigil m frcê – “Cld Lévi-sr,  pri” – cr- à dipiçã d lir  Iea-usP pr vl cl. Rcbid m 16.7.2009  ci m 21.8.2009.

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Elementos biográfcos c m Brxl m 28  mbr  1908,  pi rc. apó  cári  prir m Pri (liccir m diri, grégtion m Filf m 1931), é m prr  Filf  lic  M--Mr  pi L (1932-1934). Mmbr  Miã uiriári Frc  Bril (cm Fr Brl  Pirr di, m priclr), lci scilgi  elgi  1935  1938  rcém-igr uiri  sã Pl (usP)  mpr ári xpiõ gráfc  M Gr  à amzôi,   lr à Fr à épr  grr,  ql pricip cm g  ligã. dmbiliz pó  rmiíci  i pl li imi  vichy, Léi-sr cg ixr  Fr  i pr  e ui,  lci  nw schl r scil Rrch  n Yrk. egj cm lári  r rc lir  ig pr  Miã Ciífc Frc  e ui,  (cm Hri Fcill, alxr Kyré  Jcq Mrii, r r),  ecl Lir  al e  n Yrk,  ql rá  crári-grl. Chm  l à Fr m 1944 pl miir  a ergir, rr  e ui m 1945 pr cpr  õ  clhir clrl j à mbix  Fr. d l à Fr m 1948,     r br as struturs mntrs do prntso ( mr r  Vid fmiir  soi dos índios Nmbiqur )   ic  ã xclim   rblh ciífc. Ci pr Lci Fbr m 1948 pr  rcém-igr vIª ã  Écl Priq  H É (ePHe) (rrm m Écl  H É  scic scil (eHess), m 1975), r  birr  M  Hmm m 1949  é m  mm  irr    v ª ã  Écl Priq  H É, cir  Rligiõ Cmpr  P m ecri. a gir é prr  Cllèg  Frc,  cir  arplgi scil,  1959  1982,  m q  p. aé   irig  Lbróri  arplgi scil, q  m 1960. er pr  acmi rc m 1973. em 28  mbr  2008, cmpl 100   i. Claude Lévi-Strauss

Principais obras 1948 – l vi fmii t soi ds indins Nmbikwr . Pri: sciéé  américi. estudos a vançados 23 (67), 2009

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1949 – ls struturs éémntirs d  prnté. Pri-Hi: M & C. 1950 – Irdci à l’vr d Mrcl M. I: Mrcl M. s- g t ntrpg . Pri: PuF.

1955 – Trists tropiqus . Pri: Pl. (Cllci trr Hmi). 1958 – antropoogi strutur . Pri: Pl. 1961 – (1952) R t istoir . Pri: Ghir. 1962 – l pnsé suvg . Pri: Pl. 1962b – l totémism ujourd’ui . Pri: PuF. 1964 – Mytoogiqus . Pri: Pl. .I: “L cr  l ci”. 1966 – Mytoogiqus . Pri: Pl. .II: “d mil x cr”. 1968 – Mytoogiqus. Pri: Pl. .III. “L’rigi  mièr  bl”. 1971 – Mytoogiqus . Pri: Pl. .Iv: “L’hmm ”. 1973 – antropoogi strutur dux . Pri: Pl. 1975 – l voi ds msqus . Gbr: skir (riã mpli, Pl, 1979). 2. 1983 – l rgrd éoigné . Pri: Pl. 1984 – Pros donnés . Pri: Pl. 1985 – l potièr jous . Pri: Pl. 1991 – histoir d lynx . Pri: Pl. 1996 – Rgrdr éoutr ir . Pri: Pl.

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DEscola 2009 Levi Strauss

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