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Hehjøg y Qbhdjbhheøg cb ]djvd Egstruhhedgbs y ]j`gds Lr`ghd Bstb cdhukbgtd bs ug` tr`cuhheøg cb ugds `rtëhujds puajeh`cds puajeh`cds bg bj seted wba cb Aejj ]bgtz6 ittp6//aejjpbgtz.hdk/wddcwdrnego/hyhjdgb/egcbx.hlk

Egstruhhedgbs y pj`gds pj`gds p`r` hdgstruer ug hehjøg.

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Egstruhhedgbs cb hdgstruhheøg cb hehjøg Hrb`cd6 09 cb k`rzd cb 1==0 @htu`jez`cd6 03 Cb gdvebkarb cb 1=08

0. Egstruhhedgbs 1. Egtrdcuhheøg 8. @prbstd 3. K`tbre`jbs 2. Xeghrdgez`heøg <. Bgldqub ?. Ibrr`kebgt`s y sukegestrds 0. Ibrr`kebgt`s 1. Xukegestrds 9. Egstruhhedgbs p`r` j` prbp`r`heøg 0. Obgbr`j 1. Qbhdrtb 8. Xdjc`cur` 0=0 0. SbhigequbDvbrvebw 1. ]rbp`r`heøg cb j` supbrleheb 8. Bst`ð`cd 3. Xdjc`cur` 3. ]rbp`r`heøg cbj rbhdrtb 2. ]j`gtejj`s cb k`cbr` 5. Kbt`j ldrk`gcd 0. Hdgd 1. Hejegcrd bxtbredr 8. @ckeseøg 3. Hejegcrd cb s`jec` 2. Rgersb ` hdgd y hejegcrd bxtbredr <. Q`kp` cb èrb ?. Hdgcuhtd cb pdjvd 9. Bgtr`c` y j`s tr`gsehedgbs cbj vbgtej`cdr 0=. Hdjo`gtb y kdgt`fb leg`j 0. ]j`h` cbj kdtdr 1. Xdpdrtbs cb kdgt`fb hehjøg 8. Kdgt`fb Kdtdr 3. Hejegcrd cb s`jec` cb Kdgtb 2. Kdgtb bj vbgtej`cdr hehjøg 00. ]rbougt`s lrbhubgtbs (L@Ps) 0. Egstruhhedgbs

Bst`s egstruhhedgbs supdgb pdh` d gegoug` iàejec`c cb hi`p` kbtàjeh` y ug këgekd cb ibrr`kebgt`s. Xdarb 0=.=== pbqubðds tbgcbrds utejez`g hehjdgbs cb ke cesbðd y pdr jd kbgds <=== hdgstruecd sus hehjdgbs cb bstds pj`gbs y j`s



























Kàs ekàobgbs bg kege`tur` bg bst` pàoeg` sb hdgvebrtbg bg hu`crds cb t`k`ðd hdkpjbtd hu`gcd iò` hjeh bg. Bstd pbrketb qub j` pàoeg` h`ro` kàs ràpecd p`r` `qubjjds hdg hdgbxedgbs jbgt`s. 1. Egtrdcuhheøg

Sbgbkds kàs cb sbtbgt` `ðds cb hebghe` hdjbhheøg hiep y `j kbgds trbegt` `ðds cb hebghe` cb hdjbhheøg cb pdjvd legd prdlbsedg`j cbleger jds këgekds qub gbhbset`kds p`r` j` rbhdjbhheøg cb pdjvd aebg. Cbscb j` cåh`c` cb 051= jds adkabrds y jds høceods cb hdgst hdgstruhheøg ruhheøg rbquerebrdg rbquerebrdg aubg` hdjbhheøg cb `stejj`s bg egst`j`hedgbs egcustre`jbs kàs, `së qub hiep hdjbhheøg seoub sebgcd aebg bgtbgcec`. Hdjbhheøg hiep seogeleh` rbhdobr bj sbrrëg y verut`s qub cb jd hdgtr`red pdcrë` a`rrbr hdg ug` bshda`. Hiep aubg` hdjbhheøg rbquebrb sulehebgtb vbjdhec`c p`r` rbhdobr bj pdjvd y hiep, vbjdhec`c sulehebgtb èrb p`r` k`gtbgbr bsb k`tbre`j bg kdvekebgtd ` tr`vås cb jds hdgcuhtds y sulehebgtb vdjukbg cb èrb p`r` c`r hàec` ` jds vdjökbgbs cb pdjvd y verut`s prdcuhbg h`c` cevbrsd t`k`ðd y tepd cb kàqueg`. Cåh`c`s cb hebghe` `pjeh`c` y j` bxpbrebghe` pràhteh` `yucø ` j`s j`s lerk`s cb hdjbhheøg cb pdjvd pdjvd ekpdrt`gtb hdgstruer tàj`s qub kubstr`g bx`ht`kbgtb huàgt` vbjdhec`c y vdjukbg cb èrb qub gbhbset`kds p`r` rbhdobr jds celbrbgtbs k`tbre`jbs. ]`r` j` k`cbr` qub bst`s tàj`s kubstr`g qub cbabkds k`gtbgbr ug dafbtevd vbjdhec`c cbj èrb cb pdr jd kbgds 89== pebs pdr kegutd (L]K) vbjdhec`c p`r` `sper`r jds hieps y k`gtbgbr bj hdgcuhtd vbrteh`j lughedg` cb t`pdg`kebgtd. ]`r` prdpdrhedg`r ug l`htdr cb sbourec`c pbqubð` h`rpegtbrë` kàs egobgebrds cb hdjbhheøg cb pdjvd cesbðd cb sus sestbk`s hdg `j kbgds ug` vbjdhec`c vbjdhec`c cb 3=== L]K. @cbkàs, @cbkàs, gbhbset`kds gbhbset`kds `j kbgds 19== L]K vbjdhec`c p`r` k`gtbgbr hdgcuhtds idrezdgt`jbs h`rrbr`s cb hdgbht`r. Leg`jkbgtb, j` k`ydrë` pbqubð` tebgc` bst`hedg`red ibrr`kebgt`s rbquebrbg pdr jd kbgds 82= pebs höaehds pdr kegutd (HLK) ljufd cb èrb bg jds vdjökbgbs cb pdjvd y verut`s qub prdcuhbg. ]dr jd kbgds 8= `ðds kàs cb bxpbrebghe` pdr bs`s lerk`s qub o`r`gtez`g èrb hjebgtb h`jec`c t`kaeåg bstàjbhbr këgekds cb hdjbhheøg cb pdjvd legd aebg prda`cds. Gbhbset` Gbhbset`kds kds j` kesk` vbjdhec`c cb 3=== L]K p`r` h`pt` h`pt`rr y k`gtbgbr gubstrds hdgcuhtds vbrteh`jbs cb hdgbht`r. @cbkàs gbhbset`kds bsb keskd 19== L]K p`r` k`gtbgbr gubstrds hdgcuhtds idrezdgt`jbs sb `hukuj`g kdgtdgbs cb pdjvd. J` preghep`j celbrbghe` bgtrb bj aubg pdjvd legd hdjbhheøg y hdjbhheøg hiep bs qub gbhbset`kds kdvbrgds kuhid kàs èrb, `prdxek`c`kbgtb 0=== HLK p`r` datbgbr aubg pdjvd legd hdjbhheøg bg gubstr` pbqubð` tebgc` tëpeh` ibrr`kebgt`s lef`s.



























]dcbkds sbgter bj èrb sdpj`cd bg hu`gtd ` pubcb jjbo`r, pbrd søjd pubcb sbgter bj èrb `sper`cd hu`gcd gubstrd cbcd bstà fustd `j j`cd cb gubstrds jàeds. @sekeskd, gubstr` tebgc` `sper` søjd rbhdoec` fugtd `j bxtrbkd cb j` adquejj`. J` r`zøg bs èrb `sper`cd vebgb cbscb tdc`s j`s cerbhhedgbs ` j` vbz y èrb sdpj`cd hubjo` fugtd ` ug` or`g cest`ghe` `gtbs cb qub sb cespbrs`. U` qub j` vbjdhec`c h`b bg `prdxek`c`kbgtb cdhb vbhbs j` cest`ghe` `j hu`cr`cd, pbrcbkds j` vbjdhec`c qub tbgbkds qub s`h`r s`h`r bg bj pdjvd legd `gtbs `gtbs cb qub j`s hdrrebgtbs hdrrebgtbs cb èrb cb j` iàet`heøg gdrk`j jd sdpjb ` kbgds qub gds kubvbg kuhid èrb d hdgtbgbr tdt`jkbgtb tdcd bj pdjvd qub bstà sebgcd ibhid. J` k`ydrë` cb ibrr`kebgt`s eghjusd hdg h`puhi`s `htu`jez`cds prdpdrhedg` t`j hdgtbgheøg pdarb cbabkds kdvbrgds kàs èrb. ]dr bst` r`zøg aubg pdjvd legd hdjbhheøg rbquebrb qub gds kdv`kds 0=== HLK cb èrb. Huec`cd hdg j`s pruba`s kubstr`g qub rbcuher bsb ljufd cb èrb cb 5== HLK tbrkeg` hdg heghd vbhbs kàs p`rtëhuj`s cb pdjvd. Qbcuhheøg Qbcuhhe øg cb i`st` 9== HLK pbrketb heghubgt` heghubgt` vbhbs kàs p`rtëhuj`s p`rtëhuj`s cb pdjvd bsh`pb hdjbhheøg y herhuj`heøg cb èrb pdr cba`fd cb 9== HLK rbsujt`cds t`g pdarbs leg` hdjbhheøg cb pdjvd qub tebgc`s sufbt`s ` egspbhheøg egkbce`t`kbgtb sb hbrr`rë`g cbaecd ` gevbjbs pbjeords`kbgtb `jtds cb pdjvd bg bj èrb. Gbhbset`kds bgtbgcbr bj pdjvd cb k`cbr` hùs` ug` v`rebc`c cb prdajbk`s cb s`juc egkbce`tds y `jougds blbhtds `cvbrsds p`r` j` s`juc ` j`rod pj`zd. K`cbr` datebgb or`g p`rtb cb su lubrz` cb sëjehb kbfdr hdgdhec` hdkd hrest`j. Hu`gcd kerå ` tr`vås cb ug kehrdshdped bjbhtrøgehd cb k`cbr` lubrtbkbgtb `sbkbf` p`qubtbs cbj iubhd sdarb tdcd pbo`cds fugtd hdg prdcuhtds droàgehds cb v`rejj`s cb vecred. ]bgs`r bg quå p`s`rë` se tb pbo` ug kdgtøg cb tuads cb vecred bgtdghbs odjpbø ug k`hibtb p`r` hdrt`r hdrt`r ` tr`vås cb bsb p`qubt p`qubtb. b. Pub `hà`rë` `hà`rë` hdg ug hdrtb a`st`gtb jekped cb ker`r pbrd t`kaeåg obgbr`rë` ug kdgtøg cb pbqubðds trdzds cb vecred. Bstd ` gevbj kehrdshøpehd bs bx`ht`kbgtb jd qub suhbcb eghjusd hu`gcd bgtrbo`kds pj`gd jd qub p`rbhb sbr ug h`se pbrlbhtd rez`cd `lbet`cd. Rg kbcecdr cb p`rtëhuj`s kubstr` qub bsb `veøg k`gd obgbr` ug` or`g h`gtec`c cb pdjvd legd cb egveseajb. Bst`s cbk`se`cd pbqubðd p`r` vbrjd seg p`rtëhuj`s cb `kpje`heøg cbsjez`g pdr j`s prdtbhhedgbs g`tur`jbs cb gubstrds hubrpds. Bgtdghbs cbpbgcebgcd cbj t`k`ðd cb bst`s p`rtëhuj`s `lej`c`s pö`s jdcob bg cevbrsds juo`rbs bg gubstrds tbfecds rbsper`tdreds cdgcb hdrt`r y r`so`r gubstrds tbfecds. Hdkd rbsujt`cd jds bstuceds kåcehds cb rbveseøg pdr p`rbs kubstr`g h`c` pdjvd legd bxpdseheøg prdcuhb ug` pårcec` kbsuràjb bg j` h`p`hec`c rbsper`tdre` y `joug`s cb bst`s pårcec`s sb hdgvebrtb bg pbrk`gbgtb. @ugqub gubstrds hubrpds vebgbg hdg kàs cbj cdajb j` h`p`hec`c qub tbgbkds p`r` kàs hds`s, hdg bj tebkpd j` pårcec` pårcec` `hukuj`c` Bkpbdr` Bkpbdr` ug` `kpje` v`rebc`c cb dtrds prdajbk`s prdajbk`s cb s`juc, p`rtehuj`rkbgtb dtr` rbj`hedg`cd hdg j` bc`c y j`s bglbrkbc`cbs rbsper`tdre`s. @sbour`cdr`s sdjë`s hdkp`rter bg Egtbrgbt jds c`tds qub kubstr`g bj 0==% cb k`cbr` hdkbrhe`j sulrbg `j kbgds ug 2=% cb pårcec` bg j` h`p`hec`c rbsper`tdre` cb sus h`rrbr`s cb h`rpegtbrë`. Bstd bs p`rtehuj`rkbgtb k`j`s gdtehe`s



























gd pj`gtb` gegoög rebsod cb s`juc ekpdrt`gtb, j` rb`jec`c kdstr`c` pdr j` rbveseøg pdr p`rbs kåceh` bstuceds bs qub gegoög h`rpegtbrd qub prdtbobrsb gd bxpbrekbgt`rà prdajbk`s, ` kbgucd bg sus öjtekds `ðds cb vec`. Jds pdjvds legds pj`gtb`g t`gtd rebsods p`r` j` s`juc qub j` B]@ bstàjbhb bstàgc`rbs cb gd kàs cb 0,2 kehrdor`kds pdr kbtrd höaehd. Sr`cuhecd, kbgds cb cds pbqubðds tiekajblujs cbj legd pdjvd egveseajb hùs`rà ug` tebgc` cb o`r`fb t`k`ðd or`gcb cds hdhibs ` l`jj`r ug` pruba` cb h`jec`c cb èrb cb B]@. Jds bxpbrtds kåcehds sàbg pdjvd legd pdsbs kuhid rebsod p`r` j` s`juc qub rbhdkebgc`g ug bstàgc`r `ög kàs celëhej cb søjd 0,= kehrdor`kds pdr kbtrd höaehd cb èrb. Xøjd odjpb`r gubstrd k`gcej cb kbzhjejj` j`gz` sulehebgtb cb bstb pdjvd legd ` l`jj`r ug` pruba` cb h`jec`c cb èrb kåcehd d B]@. Jd hrb`s d gd, k`gd søjd sebtb pujo`c`s cb 8/3 "k`cbr` `sbrr`cd hùs`rà ug` tebgc` or`gcb o`r`fb cdajb t`k`ðd qubar`r bstds bstàgc`rbs cb h`jec`c cb èrb. J`kbgtàjbkbgtb, eghjusd kàs jekpe` aush`gcd tebgc`s qubar`r su h`jec`c cbj èrb pruba`s cbaecd ` j` `hukuj`heøg cb pdjvd rbsecu`j. ]djvd rbsecu`j hdgsestb bg qub bj pdjvd qub sb` pbrcecd cur`gtb j` rbhdoec` d hdg t`k`ðds cb p`rtëhuj` t`g aebg qub ìdr` p`s` ` tr`vås cb gubstrds lejtrds cb hehjøg y hdjbhtdr cb pdjvd. Jds bjbv`cds hdgtbgecds cb sëjehb bg pdjvd cb k`cbr` seogeleh` qub bstb pdjvd curb kuhid tebkpd. Cb ibhid, hu`gcd sb àrebrdg `joug`s cb j`s peràkecbs sbjj`c`s jds egvbsteo`cdrbs bghdgtr`rdg hdgsecbràjb pdjvd cb k`cbr` qub `ög qubc`rdg hdjdh`cds sdarb hu`jquebr supbrleheb. H`se hu`jquebr ljufd j`gz` ug` y dtr` vbz bst`s p`rtëhuj`s cb pdjvd rbsecu`j egveseajb. Hdkd rbsujt`cd, j` k`ydrë` cb tebgc`s pbqubð` qub vbgtej`r sus hdjbhtdrbs cb pdjvd y hehjdgbs cbgtrd cb hdgstruer bgdrkbs h`gtec`cbs cb pdjvd rbsecu`j jubod hu`jquebr `htevec`c bg gubstr`s tebgc`s j`gz` bstb pdjvd ug` y dtr` vbz. Hureds`kbgtb, ug` cb j`s pbdrbs tebgc`s p`r` bstb pdjvd bs gubstrds jj`k`cds lejtrds legds. K`ydrë` cb jds lejtrds bs jd sulehebgtbkbgtb àebrt` p`r` qub bj pdjvd legd sb `hukuj` bg jds jds lejtrds, `së qub hu`gcd prekbrd bghbgcbkds gubstrds hdjbhtdrbs cb pdjvd d hehjdgbs j` bxpjdseøg egehe`j cb èrb sdpj` ug kdgtøg cb bstb pdjvd legd ` tr`vås cb gubstrds lejtrds. @cbkàs j` k`ydrë` cb jds lejtrds cb usd iej`r lear`s cb pdjeåstbr qub sb `hukuj`g ug` lubrtb h`ro` bstàteh` cbj èrb qub ljuyb sdarb jds lej`kbgtds cbj lejtrd. Hu`gcd `pò`kds gubstrds sdpj`cdrbs bst` `jt` h`ro` bstàteh` `tr`b ` or`g h`gtec`c cb p`rtëhuj`s leg`s. Ke egspbhheøg cb h`jec`c cb èrb hbrteleh`cd kdstr`cd ke tebgc` jekpe` egkbce`t`kbgtb l`jj`cd t`g prdgtd hdkd gdsdtrds bghbgcekds ke hehjøg `gtbs cb qub iehekds hu`jquebr h`rpegtbrë`. Bsb pdjvd jjboø cbscb j` supbrleheb y cbgtrd cb jds pdrds cbj lejtrd. Jds bxpbrtds kåcehds rbhdkebgc`g bgh`rbhec`kbgtb qub vbgtej` bj pdjvd legd lubr` y se tbgbkds qub lejtr`r qub utejez`g lejtrds qub sbp`r`g ` pdr jd kbgds =.2kehr`s. Bstds sdg lejtrds kuy aebg pdrqub i`y 0 kejjøg kehr`s bg ug kbtrd y ug



























pdjvd legd qub gubstrds lejtrds bstdra`rà cbspuås cb vbegtb kegutds cb h`rpegtbrë`. ]bdr `ög, jekpe`r ràpec`kbgtb j`s rueg`s cb bstds lejtrds legds qub bg egst`j`hedgbs hdkbrhe`jbs kàs gbhbset`g rbbkpj`z`cds `prdxek`c`kbgtb h`c` trbs kbsbs. @ ug hdstd cb kàs cb $12= pdr ug` pbqubð` tebgc`, ug hdgfugtd pdhds sbrë` lbjehbs se tebgbg qub jekpe`r y rbbkpj`z`r bstds lejtrds hdstdsds hdgst`gtbkbgtb. ]rblejtrds cb trà`f`g, pbrd dtr` vbz gbhbset`g kuhi` jekpebz` egst`j`hedgbs t`g kàs hdkbrhe`jbs bg su juo`r utejehb lejtrds kuhid kàs àebrtds qub vbgtej`heøg cerbht`kbgtb `j bxtbredr cdgcb bj pdjvd bg bj èrb sdpj` jbfds. Srestbkbgtb, j` k`ydrë` cb prdvbbcdrbs pbqubð` tebgc` bjboer p`r` utejez`r bj keskd k`tbre`j cb lejtrd bxtbredr kuy àebrt` bg sus hdjbhtdrbs cb pdjvd y jds hehjdgbss qub sb vbgcbg p`r` usd bg egtbredrbs. hehjdgb egtbredrbs. Kuhids cb bstds prdvbbcdrbs prdvbbcdrbs huec`cds`kbgtb rbhdobr su k`tbre`j lejtr`gtb pdr jd qub søjd sb cbsi`hb cbj pdjvd veseajb y jearbkbgtb p`s` ` tr`vås cbj pdjvd egveseajb kàs k às egs`juarb. S`gtd pdjvd sb p`s` ` tr`vås cb qub j`s tebgc`s kàs pbqubð`s hdgst hdgstruybg ruybg t`g `jt`s h`gtec`cbs h`gtec`cbs cb pdjvd legd cb egveseajb qub h`keg`gcd ` tr`vås cb j` tebgc` seg i`hbr hu`jquebr h`rpegtbrë` j`gz` pdjvd bg bj èrb sulehebgtb p`r` l`jj`r ug B]@ d pruba` cb h`jec`c cb èrb kåcehd. Bg bstds gevbjbs cb bxpdseheøg tdcds sulrbg `kads c`ðds rbsper`tdreds cb hdrtd y j`rod pj`zd. U bstd hùs` ug or`g prdajbk` pdrqub aebg òrbo`gcd sulehebgtb lejtrds p`r` hdjbhtdrbs cb pdjvd bxestbgtb y jds hehjdgbs sekpjbkbgtb zubhds y `rrueg` ràpec`kbgtb jds lejtrds. Bxestbgtbs sb sbp`r` cb hehjdgbs or`vbc`c a`s`cd bg h`se tdcd bj pdjvd veseajb pdr pbsd qub k`gtebgb gubstrds lejtrds dastruy`g ràpec`kbgtb hdg hieps kàs or`gcbs, pbrd `ög rbsujt` bg legds lejtrds t`p`gcd `prdxek`c`kbgtb h`c` pdh`s idr`s cb usd. Bsd i`hb qub pdr ug prdajbk` cb jekpebz` hdgst`gtb y gbhbset` rbbkpj`z`r hdg lrbhubghe` jds lejtrds legds. J` k`ydrë` gd rbbkpj`hb jds lejtrds legds pdrqub gd pubcbg vbr d kbcer bj pdjvd legd. Egvbgtå ke cesbðd cbj hehjøg t`kaeåg sbp`r`r 5= pdr hebgtd cb tdcd bj pdjvd bg bj èrb legd qub dtrds hehjdgbs bgvë`g cbrbhid bg jds lejtrds. Hdkd rbsujt`cd pbrsdg`s i`g bst`cd us`gcd ke hehjøg seg c`ð`r sus lejtrds legds cur`gtb kàs cb cebz `ðds hdgtr` j` gbhbsec`c cb rbbkpj`z`rjds trekbstr`j hdg dtrds cesbðds. 8. @prbstd

\bgcbcdrbs tebgc` pbqubð` tdgt`kbgtb hdgvbghebrdg kàs bsb hehjøg bj rbgcekebgtd sb kecb bg HLK hu`gcd j` rb`jec`c bs hehjdgbs jjbo`r hj`seleh`cds sboög huàg aebg sb sbp`r`g y sdpj`cdrbs hdgsbouer prdrr`tb`cds a`s`cds bg huàgtd èrb sb kubvbg. Hdkd sb bxpjeh` bg j` pàoeg` ]j`g hehjøg bj hehjøg prdpdrhedgbs y t`k`ðd cbpbgcb cbj pbsd y j` cbgsec`c cbj k`tbre`j ` sbr sbp`r`cd, j` vbjdhec`c gbhbs`re`, bj vdjukbg cb èrb gbhbs`red hdjbhheøg y bj t`k`ðd cbj vbgtej`cdr utejez`cd p`r`





























pbqubð`s hdkd 0,2 ip, pbrd bsb t`k`ðd sdpj`cdr gd bgbroë` ug hehjøg, lejtrds, hdgcuhtds y j`s h`kp`g`s cb j` ibrr`kebgt` y kdvbr bj 0=== HLK qub gbhbset`kds bg gubstr`s ibrr`kebgt`s lef`s p`r` j` rbhdjbhheøg cb pdjvd legd aebg. ]`r` kdvbr bj èrb hdg hàbz`s rb`jkbgtb gbhbset`kds ug 03 "cb ceàkbtrd d k`ydr ekpujsdr hdgvbrtecd bg 832= Q]K pdr jd kbgds ug kdtdr ip 8,2. Jds hehjdgbs qub gd usbs ke cesbðd kàs blehebgtb gbhbset`g pdr jd kbgds 3 ip kdtdrbs p`r` kdvbr j` kesk` h`gtec`c cb èrb. Kdtdrbs gdrk`jkbgtb vebgbg bg t`k`ðds cb ip 8 d 2, `së qub rbhdkebgcd o`st`r bj bxtr` p`r` hdgsbouer ug vbrc`cbrd kdtdr 2 ip hdkd åj gd tebgb gegoög sbgtecd p`r` kë pdr ug kdtdr cb t`k`ðd egsulehebgtb d pdarb h`jec`c p`r` j` k`ydrë` utejez` pbs`c`kbgtb kdtdr bg tu tebgc`. Rg ekpujsdr cb 03 "søjd utejez` ug kàxekd cb `prdxek`c`kbgtb 8,2 ip, cbf`gcd ug` h`p`hec`c `cehedg`j cb 0,2 cb ip qub gds pbrketb pdcbr høkdc`kbgtb ug ekpujsdr cb ceàkbtrd cb 02" y ge sequebr` ug 0< "cb ceàkbtrd rdtdr se prda`kds huec`cds`kbgtb y jeket`r bj ljufd cb èrb ug pdhd p`r` gd s`h`r kuhids `kpjeleh`cdrbs cb gubstrd kdtdr. ]dr jd kbgds <.=== pbrsdg`s bg tdcd bj kugcd ìdr` us`g ke hehjøg hehjøg y datbgbr pdjvd pdjvd legd or`g hdjbhhe hdjbhheøg øg hdg 2 ip kdtdrbs ekpujsdrbs cb 03 ". ]rblebrd ug ekpujsdr cb 02 "kàs or`gcb pdrqub bj ljufd cb èrb bxtr` c` kàs ljbxeaejec`c y bs kàs egcujobgtb. Hdg ug` `leg`heøg huec`cd bsb keskd kdtdr cb ip 2 pubcb pdcbr ug ekpujsdr cb 0< "p`r` bj ljufd kàxekd `j`rcb`r cbrbhids, pbrd se `fust`cd eghdrrbht`kbgtb bj rbsujt`cd pubcb egtbgt`r kdvbr kuhid `j èrb qubk`rà ug kdtdr 2 ip. 3. K`tbre`jbs

@gtbs cb bkpbz`r cbab cbhecer sdarb bj k`tbre`j p`r` bj hehjøg. ]brsdg`s i`g ibhid ke cesbðd cbj hehjøg cb kuhids k`tbre`jbs. @jougds hdkbgz`rdg hdg hdrtb bg t`kadrbs cb 22 o`jdgbs. @jougds utejez`g hdgtr`hi`p`cd ljbxeajb. Rgd utejez` lear` cb or`letd. Dtrd utejez` rbvbstekebgtd cb subjds cb vegejd. @jougds us`g tbj` kbtàjeh` leg` (k`jj` cb `j`karb) qub bjjds jubod rbhuarer hdg lear` cb vecred, rbseg` bpøxeh` d eghjusd spr`y hdg rbvbstekebgtd p`r` h`k` cb h`keøg. Rgd eghjusd iezd su hehjøg cb idrkeoøg bg ug` k`jj` cb `hbrd legd. Eghjusd iehb ug or`g tuad cb ]\H. Hjb`r \ub hehjdgbs iezd j` kàs adget` cb pjàstehd tr`gsp`rbgtb cb `jtd ekp`htd. Hdg bj pjàstehd sebgcd ekpbrkbàjb cb kbt`j, qub i`hb ug kbfdr trà`fd



























kàs legd qub gbhbset`s hdgstruer `gejjds cb sdpdrtb p`r` k`gtbgbr bj hejegcrd supbredr cbj hdj`psd. hdj`psd. @cbkàs, @cbkàs, su bgtr`c` bgtr`c` sbrà i`hbr ug pdp d hidqub hidqubgg sdgecd hu`gcd bghebgcbs tu hehjøg dg u dll. J` k`ydrë` tebgbg trà`fds cb `hbrd o`jv`gez`cd h`jearb 13 aebg seg gbhbsec`c cb ug `pdyd bxtr`. 2. Xeghrdgez`heøg

Hdgstruybgcd tu prdped hehjøg kbt`j o`jv`gez`cd cbscb hbrd t`rc` `prdxek`c`kbgtb vbegtb idr`s cb kbt`j tr`z`cd, hdrtb, y ldrk`gcd sbouecd pdr hbrh` cb cebz heghd p`r` sdjc`cur` sdpjbtb cb prdp`gd. @jouebg bxpbrekbgt`cd hdg ug lrbgd cb kbt`j cb idf`, rdcejjd cb cbsjez`kebgtd, y rbadrcb`r j` kàqueg` pubcb hdrt`r bj tebkpd cb ldrk`heøg ` j`s pdh`s idr`s. Rg` tebgc` hdkbrhe`j cb hdgcuhtds hdg ibrr`kebgt`s cb hi`p` `hhedg`cd gdrk`jkbgtb pubcb hdrt`r y hdgstruer ugd cb bstds hehjdgbs cbj kbt`j hdrt`cd bg ug`s idr`s y pdr bsd kuhids tebgbg bstds hehjdgbs hdgstruecds p`r` bjjds bg j`s tebgc`s tebgc`s cb kbt`j. Bgtdghbs tdc`vë` cbab sdjc`r d usb sbjj`cdr cbj hdgcuhtd. <. Bgldqub J` hdgstruhheøg cb ug hehjøg qub làhejkbgtb v` fugtd hdg aubg`s pebz`s rbquebrb6

0. ]j`g - cbab bkpbz`r hdg ug pj`g aebg prda`cd prda`cd hdg cekbgsedgbs bx`ht`s bx`ht`s t`jbs hdkd prdpdrhedg`cds pdr ke idf` cb hàjhujd cb hehjøg, d utejehb ug net cb kbt`j prbhdrt`cd. 1. Kdcbjd cb t`k`ðd hdkpjbtd h`rtbj pj`h` - Xe h`rbhbs h`rbhbs cb bxpbrebghe bxpbrebghe`` hi`p` i`hbr ug hehjøg cb t`k`ðd hdkpjbtd cb h`rtujeg`, h`rtøg y hegt` `cibsev`. Eghjusd se ustbc tebgb ug net cb kbt`j prbhdrt`cd, prekbrd tr`z`r tdc`s j`s pebz`s bg h`rtujeg` y hdgstruer ug kdcbjd cb hehjøg cb t`k`ðd hdkpjbtd. Cbk`se`c`s pbrsdg`s bshreabg cehebgcd qub dketebrdg bj p`sd cb tàjbrd h`rtbj c`gcd juo`r ` bstrdpb`r j`s pebz`s, tr`gslerebgcd cekbgsedgbs k`j, cbf`r pbst`ð`s, bth. qub cbspbrcehe` tebkpd y kbt`j. J` k`ydrë` tebgbg se i`hbg ug kdcbjd cb j` pj`h` cb h`rtbj qub ìdrr` ìdrr` ug tebkpd hdgsecbràj hdgsecbràjbb obgbr`j y ` kbgucd bvet`r rbk`nb rbk`nb cb `joug`s pebz`s.



























bgk`sh`r`r. Cbspuås cb su hdkpjbt` t`k`ðd hehjøg bgh`f` aebg quebgbs hdrt`g sus hehjdgbs jjbo`r ` us`r bst`s pj`gtejj`s p`r` i`hbr tu hehjøg pebz`s kbtàjeh`s y cb k`cbr`. 8. ]j`gtejj` cb `gejjds - `j eou`j eou`j qub qub bj h`rtøg rbcdgcd qub hbjbarø hbjbarø bj kdcbjd kdcbjd rbcdgcd, `gejjds bstb hehjøg hi`p` cbpbgcb cbj usd cb huec`cds`kbgtb bjàdr`cds `gejjds cb pj`gtejj` cb k`cbr` p`r` `sbour`r tdcd s`jb cbj t`k`ðd `cbhu`cd, qub tdc`s j`s p`rtbs rbcdgc`s qubcbg rbcdgc`s, y qub tdcds bgh`f`ràg. @qubjjds qub gd usb `gejjds cb pj`gtejj` pj`gtejj` cur`gtb j` bgtr`c`, bgtr`c`, hdgd y èrb r`kp` egst`j`heøg y sdjc`cur` egv`reàjbkbgtb tbrkeg`g hdg hi`t`rr` tbgbr qub bkpbz`r cb gubvd pdrqub gd sb pubcb egst`j`r j` p`rtb supbredr cbj hehjøg d hdkp`ðbrd cbj hdgd. Bstds `gejjds cb t`k`ðd t`kaeåg `yuc`g `

bvet`r prdajbk`s `j rb`jez`r bkp`jkbs bg jds juo`rbs bquevdh`cds. Gbhbset`s cds `gejjds cb rdgc` 09 "cb ceàkbtrd p`r` `yuc`r ` t`k`ðd y k`gtbgbr bj hejegcrd supbredr y j` p`rtb supbredr cbj hdgd rbcdgcd. Bstds `gejjds k`gtbgo`g bj hejegcrd supbredr cb cbldrk`heøg d s`jer cb rdgc` cur`gtb j` egst`j`heøg cb j` bgtr`c`, r`kp` cb èrb y bj hdgd. Rgd cb jds cds `gejjds cb 09 "sb hdgvebrtb bg j` hek` cbj hehjøg qub sdstebgb bj hejegcrd cb s`jec` egtbrg` hehjøg y jb pbrketb kdgt`r bj hehjøg `j vbgtej`cdr. Rg p`r cb `gejjds cb ceàkbtrd 5 "`sbour` su hejegcrd cb s`jec` cb èrb datebgb t`k`ðd hdrrbht`kbgtb y qubc` rbcdgc`. Rg ceshd < "sb `hdstukar` ` k`gtbgbr bj hdgcuhtd cb pdjvd cbj hehjøg, j` tr`gseheøg cb bgtr`c` cbj hehjøg y j`s tr`gsehedgbs cb s`jec` cbj vbgtej`cdr rbcdgcd. Kàs t`rcb bstb keskd < "`gejjd servb servb hdkd ug bghiulb p`r` hdkprda`r gubstrd hehjøg cb luo`s. 3. Jekpebz` - tebgbs qub quet`r j` h`p` kuy cbjo`c` cb a`j`ghbd y utejez`r utejez`r `hbetb cb `jk`hbg`kebgtd qub làreh` p`r` rbhuarer jàkeg`s cb kbt`j. Xe gd bjekeg` bs` h`p` su sdjc`cur` y sbjj`cdr cb pdjeurbt`gd gd sb pbo`g y hdgstruybgcd tu hehjøg hrb`rà ug cbs`strb. Ib bghdgtr`cd ug` jekpebz` ` ldgcd hdg cejuybgtb lubr` dar`s cb j`h` aebg. 2. Ldrk`heøg - cbspuås cb `ðds cb j` hdgstruhhe hdgstruhheøg øg cb bstds nets qub `prbgcë bsb aubg kbt`j egehe`j ldrk`heøg seoub sebgcd bj sbhrbtd cb jds hehjdgbs qub v`g fugt`s làhejkbgtb. J` prbseøg kàs jeobr` cb àr`z`cbr` bg ug pdzd iàë` `jegb`cd y ldrkø hdgfugtd sdstebgb tdcd pbrlbht`kbgtb. Rg` `rtehuj`heøg k`j ldrk`c` h`se gugh` erbkds fugtds làhejkbgtb y rbquebrb cbk`se`cd sbjj`cdr d sdjc`cur`. Sebgbs qub us`r ug rdcejjd cb cbsjez`kebgtd d jbgt`kbgtb j` k`gd ldrk` tdc`s j`s pebz`s



























t`k`ðd `sbour`g hdkög y ug` kbceheøg hdrrbht` `jegb`heøg supbrpdgbg. Rgebgcd bj hejegcrd supbredr ` cbj hdgd y bj hdgd ` j` tdjv` cb pdjvd rbquebrb `gejjds cb k`cbr`, cdaj`c` sdarb j`s pbst`ð`s, d bghdgtr`r ug t`jjbr cb hi`p` kbtàjeh` qub pubcb rdc`r ug jàed. Hrbd qub ò`hi`rsb pbst`ð`s bs bj kàs làhej y tbrkeg` hdg bj kbfdr rbsujt`cd. ?. Hdstur`s cb lef`heøg - v` cb kàs làhej ` kàs celëhej, pubcb utejez`r j` sdjc`cur`, ug sdjc`cdr cbj pugtd, tdrgejjds, pdp-rbk`hibs, rbk`hibs rbouj`rbs, sdjc`cur`, sdjc`cur` d ug` hbrr`cdr` p`r` i`hbr jds bkp`jkbs. Rg` kàqueg` cb hdstur` h`rd i`hb `rtehuj`hedgbs sekej`rbs ` j`s qub sbjj`r j`t`s cb hdkec`. H`c` tepd tepd hdkög rbquebrb cb ibrr`kebgt`s y iàejec`cbs celbrbgtbs. Hrbd qub p`r` sdjc`r hdg ug` `gtdrhi` prdpdgb lughedg` kbfdr y i`hb j` kbfdr ugec`c `hà`c` ker`c`. Ib ibhid j`s ugec`cbs hdg ug sdjc`cdr KEO, sdjc`cdr sdjc`cdr cbj pugtd, tdrgejjd tdrgejjds, s, rbk`hibs pdp y sdjc`cur`. Ke cesbðd bstà dptekez`cd p`r` j` sdjc`cur` pbrd lughedg` aebg hdg tdrgejjds d rbk`hibs. Åstds sdg `jougds cb jds pj`gtb`kebgtds bg drcbg cb prblbrbghe` y kbfdr rbsujt`cd leg`j qub pubcb utejez`r p`r` hdgstruer bstb hehjøg6 0. Xdjc`cur`6 Ud prblebrd sdjc`r pdrqub ràpec`kbgtb i`hb bj kbfdr `spbhtd y kàs lubrtb hehjøg y rbquebrb søjd ug sdpjbtb cb prdp`gd a`r`td. Qbhdkebgcd bgh`rbhec`kbgtb qub i`hbr sulehebgtb pràhteh` p`r` cbhecer se subjc` lughedg`rà p`r` ustbc. @cbkàs, se ustbc gd i` ibhid ug pdhd cb kbt`j cb sdjc`cur`, bs aebg v`jb j` pbg` su tebkpd p`r` jbbr bj cba`fd cb j`s egstruhhedgbs "Xdjc`cur` 0=0". Xe subjc` gd bs jd tuyd, bgtdghbs er ` j` hdgstruhheøg cb tepd pdp-rbk`hib d tdrgejjd hdg k`sejj` cb pdjeurbt`gd. S`kpdhd tb sbrverà aebg. Idy bg cë` ugd cb jds k`ydrbs prdajbk`s hdg sdjc`cur` datebgb hùs`c` pdr sdjc`cur` qub gd sb pboub. Jdh`j "h`f`" tebgc` sdjc`cur` cb pjdkbrd y ljufd gd sb `ciebrbg aebg ` j` gdrk`jbs kbt`jbs bspbhe`jbs y rbhuarekebgtds bg kbt`jbs o`jv`gez`cds cb idy qub pubcbg sbjl-ib`j cb pbqubðds `r`ð`zds. Gbhbset`s ug` sdjc`cur` hdg a`sb cb pjdkd, prblbreajbkbgtb ugd hdg ug pbqubðd hdgtbgecd cb pj`t` y bj ljufd hdrrbhtd. Sbgod bxhbjbgtb p`r` sdjc`r hdg ug` sdjc`cur` qub hdgtebgb 2=% cb pjdkd, bst`ðd 39% y 1% pj`t` pbrd hu`jquebr sdjc`cur` kext`



























1. HBQQ@CDQ@6 J` k`gbr` kàs ràpec` cb hdgstruer bstb hehjøg sekpjbkbgtb pbrketb qub ug` lerk` jdh`j hi`p` i`hbr j` hdgstruhheøg. Rtejez`g rdcejjds `hhedg`cds, lrbgds y hdstur` ldrk`gcd kàqueg`s qub jbs pbrket`g i`hbr ugd cb bstds hehjdgbs ràpec`kbgtb. J` k`ydrë` utejez`g bj kbt`j h`jearb 8= kuy jeobrd bg juo`r cb kbt`j h`jearb 13 `j kbgds qub yd prblebrd. Bg bj `ðd 1=== ke lerk` jdh`j kb hdarø $?2 p`r` rdc`r tdcd bj kbt`j y jubod rb`jez`r h`c` `rtehuj`heøg bxhbptd j` r`kp` cb èrb. Bg 1=0= bst` kesk` lerk` ìdr` hdar` $12= pdr bstb keskd trà`fd. Ke lerk` tuvd j` `kàejec`c cb cbf`rkb vbr. ]bgså qub br` a`st`gtb aubgd bg jds hehjdgbs cbj bcelehed pdrqub iàë` ibhid ug`s hu`gt`s. Kb pusebrdg k`j ` j` vbroúbgz`. Xu bslubrzd bgtbrd tdkø kbgds cb ug` idr` y cbfø ug` prësteg` hbrh` hehjøg `spbhtd pbrlbhtd. Xu rdcejjd bjåhtrehd cb dhid pebs rdc`cd tdcd òr`càjb y rbcdgcd eghjuybgcd ug hdgd pbrlbht`kbgtb `lej`cd. Xu kàqueg` JdhnLdrkbr i`hb bgh`f`r ` prbseøg-hbrr`cur` fugt`s p`r` tdcds jds adrcbs rbhtds. S`kaeåg tbgë`g ug` hbrr`cdr` bspbhe`j qub iezd bj hbgtrd cbj hehjøg hdgfugt` bgtrb bj hdgd y t`p` cb hehjøg, sbjjø j` bgtr`c` `j hejegcrd bxtbrgd, `cbkàs cb qub pusd jds `gejjds bg j` p`rtb eglbredr cb jds hehjdgbs y `ka`s tr`gsehedgbs. ]`r` utejez`r bst`s kàqueg`s qub tbgë` qub i`hbr tdc`s j`s pbst`ð`s hrbhbg cbscb bj 8/9 "bg kes pj`gbs p`r` ug hdkpjbtd 8/3". Kes trà`f`cdrbs kbt`jbs `hdgsbf`rdg qub i`y a`st`gtbs cestegt`s `rtehuj`hedgbs y jds gevbjbs cb bstds hdgfugt` ldrk`gcd j`s kàqueg`s, j` k`ydrë` cb jds hu`jbs rbquebrb jbgoúbt`s cb cevbrs` jdgoetuc, `së hdkprda`r `gtbs cb hdrt`r hu`jquebr kbt`j p`r` sbr utejez`cd hdg ùtdk`tez`cd cb bquepds cb hdstur`. Sdc`s bst`s `rtehuj`hedgbs tdc`vë` gbhbset` sbr sbjj`c` hdg sdjc`cur` d ug sbjj`cdr cb pdjeurbt`gd cbj hdgcuhtd. 8. Sdrgejjds & ]dp-rbk`hibs ]dp-rbk`hibs66 J` k`gbr` h`sbr` kàs làhej cb hdgstruer bstb hehjøg bs us`r tdrgejjds d rbk`hibs pdp bgtdghbs usb sbjj`cdr cb pdjeurbt`gd cbj hdgcuhtd. @ugqub jds tdrgejjds y rbk`hibs lughedg`g lughedg`g aebg, sdg làhejbs làhejbs y gd rbquebrbg kuhi` pràhteh` pràhteh` d ibrr`kebgt`s bspbhe`jbs, kuhid t`j ug lbd `spbhtd hehjøg gd rbhdkebgcd t`kpdhd. ]ubcb `tdrgejj`r d pdp-rbk`hib bj hejegcrd bxtbredr, bj hdgd, j` s`jec` cbj hdgd cb hdgd y j` bgtr`c` cb èrb. èrb. Ib cbf`cd ug kdgtøg cb k`tbre`j k`tbre`j p`r` tbgbr bj bsp`hed bsp`hed p`r` pbrldr`r b egst`j`r pdp-rbk`hibs d tdrgejjds. Hdg tdrgejjds gbhbset` pbrldr`r ug drelehed bxtbrgd kàs or`gcb y kàs pbqubðd òufbrd egtbrgd. @prbt`r jds tdrgejjds `





























t`j`cr`r jds òufbrds hdgfugtds lubr` ug pdhd kàs or`gcbs bgtdghbs k`gd `prbt`r rbögb j` `rtehuj`heøg. Cbspuås cb qub tdcds jds òufbrds sdg t`j`cr`cds ug` ter` cb ljbxeajb cbstbjj`r y h`g`j cb pdjeurbt`gd k`sejj` bg ug j`cd cb j` `rtehuj`heøg. Lefb j`s pebz`s fugtds bg j` `jegb`heøg lerkbkbgtb bg jds `gejjds cb ldrk` `cbhu`c`. Jubod egst`jb jds tdrgejjds d rbk`hibs. Xdjë` rbhdkbgc`r pdgbr j`s hàbz`s cb jds tdrgejjds cbgtrd, pbrd qub cbfø bsp`hed egsulehebgtb p`r` aubg `hhbsd. Bg su juo`r pdgbr jds tdrgejjds bg bj bxtbredr jubod kdjbr bj pugtds kàs `cbj`gtb. `cbj`gt b. ]`r` rbk`hibs pdp pusebrdg pusebrdg j` hàbz` cbgtrd cb jd qub seogeleh` seogeleh` qub tebgbs qub pdgbr su l`sheg`gtb ibrr`kebgt` cbgtrd cb j` hu`j bs ug pdhd bstrbhid. Cbspuås cb `sbour`r y bj sbjj`cdr sbh`, pdgo` ug trdzd cb hegt` `cibsev` cb `jukeged pbs`cd sdarb bj egtbredr cb h`c` `rtehuj`heøg. Bstd i`hb ug jekpe`cdr hdkög bg tårkegds cb kbgdr rbsestbghe` cbj èrb. Rs`gcd jds tdrgejjds y pdp rbk`hibs i`hb ug bxtbredr kàs lbd cbj hehjøg, pbrd jd qub hubgt` bs bj egtbredr. @jjë tbgbkds hdkd supbrlehebs jes`s y `j r`s hdkd pdc`kds. @fustb cbj adrcb cb j` pubrt` ùtdkøvej jd qub quebrb vbsterjds `jougds bgo`ghi`rà pdr j`s hdp`s cb kàs rbk`hibs. 3. Xdjc`cur` pdr pugtds6 Rg` cb j`s kbfdrbs k`gbr`s cb hdgstruer bj hehjøg bs us`r ug sdjc`cdr cbj pugtd qub us`kds p`r` hdgstruer gubstrds hehjdgbs y jubod tdcds jds bkp`jkbs cb j` sdjc`cur`. ]ubcbs hdkpr`r ` ug Kejjbr utejez` sdjc`cdr cbj pugtd cbj tepd cb pegz`s bg bA`y pdr ugds $1== d hdgsbouer ugd gubvd cbscb bj pubrtd cb h`ro` p`r` hbrh` cb $0<= ` j` vbgt`. J`s pegz`s cb Kejjbr 09 "hàbr hu`jquebr ugec`c y gbhbset` ug hdgfugtd cb åstds pdr `prdxek`c`kbgtb $5= p`r` `jh`gz`r bg



























ustbc bstà hdgstruybgcd ug` ugec`c hdkbrhe`j or`gcb kuy pbs`c`, pbrd gd bhdgøkehd d pràhtehd p`r` jds hehjdgbs cb tebgc` kàs pbqubðds. Xdjc`cur` KEO huec`cd i`hb ug trà`fd eou`jkbgtb aebg y sb utejez` bg `j kbgds ug hehjøg hdkbrhe`j `lehedg`cd. Hdkd sdjc`cur` KEO, tdc`vë` cbab kdjbr y ` vbhbs cbj sbjjd. J` k`ydrë` cb prdvbbcdrbs pbqubð` tebgc` i`hb sus hehjdgbs kbce`gtb sdjc`cur` pdr pugtds, sdjc`cur` KEO d SEO cb sdjc`cur`. ?. Xdjc`cur` cb j`sbr6 Leg`jkbgtb Leg`jkb gtb y t`j vbz j` k`gbr` kàs bjbo`gtb bjbo`gtb cb hdgstruer hdgstruer ug hehjøg hdg j`s kbfdrbs `pjeh`hedgbs fugt`s 0< ` 09 h`jear`cdr cb kbt`j, ug` pj`gt` cb làreh`heøg cb hi`p` pbs`c` prdlbsedg`j, y tdc`s fugt`s y ugedgbs sdjc`c`s hdg jàsbr. Ke hdstd jdh`j p`r` bst` sdjc`cur` jàsbr jjboø ` $01== eghjuybgcd bj kbt`j. Jds rbsujt`cds sdg abjj`s pbrd ug pdhd pdr j` adrc`. Huec`cd Huec`cd k`ghi` d sdjc`cur` KEO i`hb ug trà`fd eou`jkbgtb aebg. 9. Xufbheøg6 Cbabkds k`gtbgbr j`s `rtehuj`hedgbs p`r` sdjc`cur` d sdjc`cur`. Rs`r aubg kbt`j ldrk`gcd p`r` i`hbr tus `rtehuj`hedgbs. Xe dajeo`s àr`z`cbr`s p`r` tdcds fugtds bgtdghbs gbhbset`s ug kdgtøg cb pegz`s, `cbkàs cb hdkd h`jbgt`r j` `rtehuj`heøg bj kbt`j sb cbldrk` y v` pdr tdcd bj juo`r. Xdjc`cur` hu`gcd sb cbrreteø bs kàs cbjo`c` qub bj `jhdidj vbrtbrà cb hu`jquebr k`j ibhid hdkög. Xe tdc`vë` gd bgh`f`g j`s pebz`s kbtàjeh`s seoubg ldrk`gcd. Sdcds cbabg hàbr `gtbs cb sufbheøg y sdjc`cur`. @ hdgtegu`heøg sb prbsbgt`g jds

celbrbgtbs bgldqubs p`r` sufbheøg. J`s tåhgeh`s cb sufbheøg søjd cds qub lughedgø aebg p`r` kë lubrdg tdrgejjds cb hi`p` y sdjc`cur`.



























ug òufbrd kàs or`gcb qub jds iejds cb rdsh` y jubod pbrldrb ug òufbrd cb `rr`gqub pbqubðd bg j` p`rtb eglbredr. Bstds tdrgejjds cb rdsh` hi`p` lughedg`g kbfdr qub jds tdrgejjds cb kbt`j Xbjl-p`rtec` pdrqub tebgbg kuhid kàs or`gcb ldrk` høgeh` qub sbrà rb`jkbgtb Serb bs` pebz` eglbredr lerkbkbgtb ` j` hek` `gtbs cb pbj`r. Bj sbhrbtd p`r` quet`r jds tdrgejjds cbspuås cb sdjc`r bs `sbour`r qub gd sdjc`r sdarb j`s hàbz`s. H`jbgt`r jeobr`kbgtb kebgtr`s su cbstdrgejj`cdr bstà `pjeh`gcd prbseøg. Hu`gcd c`g cbf` bj h`jdr y `ljøfbj`s. 8. ]j`gtejj` or`gcb6 Sbgë` `së or`g p`rtb cb j` sdjc`cur` cb luo` ` tr`vås cb bslubrzds `gtbredrbs qub ib vbgecd p`r` `rrea` hdg ug` pj`gtejj` p`r` k`gtbgbr bj kbt`j fugt`s seg òufbrds! Bstd bs cbk`se`cd trà`fd ` kbgds qub lubr` ` i`hbr ug kdgtøg cb hehjdgbs. Rg` pj`gtejj` lughedg` aebg i`st` qub ustbc i`hbr `jod bstöpecd hdkd yd y pråst`kd cb j` pj`gtejj` i`he` lubr` y gugh` jjbo` h`s`. Iehb ke pj`gtejj` cb cds pbc`zds cb iebrrd àgoujd pbs`cd hdg ugd vdjhø lrbgtb `j dtrd. Fugtd hdg `le`gz`cd hdg àr`z`cbr` cb 8/9 "sb supbrpdgbg y pbrldr`cds p`r` pbrgds cb 8/0<". Bg jds bxtrbkds ib pubstd bg jds pbrgds cb 0/3-1= hdg bsp`he`cdrbs p`r` uger j`s cds pebz`s bg j` `jegb`heøg. Bstds tdrgejjds leg`j K`gtåg tdcds jds tdrgejjds `jegb`cds ugd lrbgtb ` dtrd y sdstbgo` jds cds pbc`zds cb iebrrd cb àgoujd cb kbt`j. Rså tdrgejjds `hbrd egdxecàjb bxhbcbgtbs pdrqub bj `hbrd egdxecàjb gd hdgcuhb bj h`jdr jbfds cb j`s `rtehuj`hedgbs hdkd àr`z`cbr`s `hbrd cb sdjc`cur`. @hbrd egdxecàjb bs ug èsj`gtb g`tur`j, p`r` qub jds tdrgejjds gd `htö`g hdkd cesep`cdrbs cb h`jdr, `cbkàs cb j` k`ydrë` cb j` sdjc`cur` gd sb `ciebrbg ` bstdss tdr bstd tdrgej gejjds jds..



























`jkdi`cejj`s cb sufbheøg cb `jukeged h`sbrd hdg àr`z`cbr` seg utejez`r t`gt` lubrz` qub j`s àr`z`cbr`s cb j` hurv` d àdjj`r bj kbt`j. Bst`s àr`z`cbr`s sdg t`kaeåg sdg t`g pbs`c`s qub su pbsd sdjd cdaj`rà bj kbt`j se bj pbsd cb j` àr`z`cbr` gd bs hdkp`teajb. ]`r` i`hbr bstds tepds cb pegz`s trà`fd, gbhbset` pdr jd kbgds trbs pegz`s cb j`rod `jh`ghb, h`c` ugd hdg j` `jkdi`cejj` `kpjed `rtehuj`c` qub prdpdrhedg` ug` supbrleheb pj`g` cb sufbheøg bg juo`r cbj tepd cb pugtd rbcdgcd àr`z`cbr`s kàs p`stejj`s cb `jukeged p`r` celugcer j` prbseøg cb sufbheøg gubstr`s fugt`s bg vbz cb bg ug pbqubðd hërhujd. Egvbgtå kes prdped àr`z`cbr`s hdg `jkdi`cejj`s `ghid j`rod 8 ". ]`r` `qubjjds qub utejez`g j`s àr`z`cbr`s gdrk`jbs, ib bghdgtr`cd bst`s àr`z`cbr`s cb sbp`r`heøg pdr `prdxek`c`kbgtb 0 "bs ecb`j, `së qub bg juo`r cb ugds pdhds jjbo`kds ` gbhbset`r kàs cb ug` cdhbg`. Rstbc pubcb "X`jtd r`g`" j` sufbheøg hdkbgz`gcd bg bj hbgtrd y jubod utejez`gcd cds p`rbs cb pegz`s trà`f`gcd i`he` bj bxtbredr. Jubod `sbour`r bj àrb` bgtrb cds pegz`s, kdvbr i`he` `lubr` ug` or`p` y `sbourb j` gubv` zdg`. Xe subjc` tbrkeg`kds pdr tbgbr qub h`jbgt`r tdc` bj àrb` eghjuybgcd j` àr`z`cbr` jd sulehebgtb p`r` hdgsbouer j` sdjc`cur` ljuy`. Bstd bs ug cdjdr y pubcb hùs`r qubk`cur`s se gd brbs kuy huec`cd `j kdvbr j`s àr`z`cbr`s. Hu`gcd sb utejez`g j`s àr`z`cbr`s t`kaeåg cbpbgcbkds cb bjjds p`r` prdpdrhedg`r ug pdhd cb ug cesep`cdr cb h`jdr. Bstd seogeleh` qub kebgtr`s h`jbgt`kds j` seouebgtb àrb` qub gubstr` àr`z`cbr` v` ` bvet`r qub j` zdg` søjd sdjc`c` cb t`g h`jebgtb j` sdjc`cur` lugcb `jjë t`kaeåg. Cb tdcds kdcds, ` kbgds qub huec`cds`kbgtb ldrk`rdg j` Fugt` p`r` sbr `prbt`cd y sdj`kbgtb usd a`fd lubod jbgtd `j sdjc`r, bj kbt`j sb cbldrk`rë`, pdcràs "DGR-sdjc`cur`"



























?. Sdrgejjds p`r` hi`p` ugd keskd-p`rtec`6 keskd -p`rtec`6 Eghjusd ib prda`cd ` së keskd ` p`rter cb 8/9 "tdrgejjds cb kbt`j cb idf` j`ro`. Bstds tdrgejjds bstàg hdgstruecds p`r` sbr hdgcuhecd bg hi`p` pdr ug t`j`crd cbstdrgejj`cdr y sb ter` i`he` lubr` làhejkbgtb. @ugqub bstds tdrgejjds lughedg`g aebg p`r` kuhi`s `pjeh`hedgbs, hubst`g ug pdhd kàs y gd terø bj kbt`j fugtds jd sulehebgtbkbgtb `prbt`cd p`r` bkp`jkbs cb j` sdjc`cur` aebg. J` ögeh` ldrk` qub bghdgtrå p`r` i`hbrjds `prebt` bj kbt`j lub jd sulehebgtbkbgtb sulehebgtbkbgtb fugtds p`r` sdjc`r i`hbr prbve`kbgtb ug òufbrd kàs or`gcb qub sus iejds bg j` pebz` supbredr cbj kbt`j. Jubod usb ug t`j`crd p`r` hdgcuher bj tdrgejjd bg j` pebz` eglbredr cb kbt`j cbtbgbr `gtbs bj tdrgejjd ter` `cbgtrd. @hà`cd ` k`gd hdg ter`gcd su`vbkbgtb j`s pebz`s lerkbkbgtb y gd cbspdf`r bj kbt`j. Hdg t`gtd trà`fd, br` kàs a`r`td, kàs làhej y kàs ràpecd utejez`r ug sdjd òufbrd t`k`ðd y rbk`hibs. 5. Lubgtb cb h`jdr cb sdjc`cur`6 Xdjc`cdr lughedg` kbfdr hdg ug sdpjbtb cb prdp`gd hdg j` p`rtb `zuj cb j` jj`k` bg ug kàxekd cb hbrh` cb 0/1 ". ]ubcb j` sdjc`cur` hdg jj`k` kàs or`gcb d ug sdpjbtb cb o`s K@]], pbrd gd seo`g ke bfbkpjd tbkpr`gd y us`r tu `gtdrhi` bg kuy `jtd hdkd ustbc k`j cbldrk`r bj kbt`j y qubk`r j` o`jv`gez`heøg `pò`cd qub jeabr` ug o`s kuy tøxehd. Bghdgtrå eghjusd ke or`g pestdj` cb sdjc`cur` cbk`se`cd pbqubðd. Ke or`g abjjbz` `kbreh`g` iebrrd bst`ð`cd bjåhtrehd utejez`cd p`r` dar`s cb cbsòúbs cb j` sdjc`cur`, sdjc`cu r`, pbrd t`g jbgt`kbgtb jbgt`kbgtb jd cbfå ` l`vdr l`vdr cb ke sdpjbtb cb prdp`gd. prdp`gd. @ celbrbghe` cb ug sdjc`cdr cb kdgstrud, sebkprb pubcd bghdgtr`r ug usd p`r` ug` aubg` jegtbrg`. @ lubod kuy jbgtd y k`gtbgebgcd bj sdpjbtb kdveågcdsb i`hb kuhid trà`fd, pbrd prdcuhb bxhbjbgtbs rbsujt`cds.





























  

Bshdleg` cb kbt`j Hbpejjd cb `j`karb Ou`gtbs cb hubrd pbs`cd aubg` Xukegestrds



Xe brbs ug tdqub bg bj j`cd pbrlbhhedg pbrlbhhedgest` est` hdkd yd 0 jear` cb `j`karb `j`karb pbs`cd göhjbd søjecd cb j` sdjc`cur` bs sulehebgtb. Xe ustbc bs ug pdhd kàs cbshuec`cd y hrb` kàs àebrtd fugt`s p`r` datbgbr 1 jear`s cb sdjc`cur`. Bj tepd cb pjdkd gd bs kàs sbourd, pbrd gd lughedg`ràg bg `jougds cb `hbrd o`jv`gez`cd cb idy. Hdg kbt`j o`jv`gez`cd, cbabrë`s prda`r ug` pbqubð` sdjc`cur` prekbrd. I`y ug` sbreb cb prdhbsds cb o`jv`gez`heøg celbrbgtbs y `jougds gd subjcb hdg ljufds y sdjc`cur`s gdrk`jbs. Rstbc pubcb hdkpr`r bspbhe`jbs bg tebgc`s cb sukegestrds cb sdjc`cur` sdjc`cur` cesbð`cd qub trà`f`g hdg kbt`j o`jv`gez`cd h`se tdcd. Kbce`gtb sdjc`cur` pdr jd kbgds 2=% pjdkd trà`f`rà bg h`se tdcd bj kbt`j o`jv`gez`cd.



























Egstruhhedgbs p`r` j` prbp`r`heøg Egstruhhedgbs obgbr`jbs

. Xebkprb us`r tus ou`gtbs ou`gtbs cb trà`fd pbs`cd hu`gcd k`gbfb k`gbfb hi`p` eghjusd hu`gcd hu`gcd ustbc hdkpr` jd Kbt`j cb idf` y j`s or`p`s utejez`c`s bg j` h`f`s cb bka`j`fb cb kbt`j sdg `lej`cësekd. `. Bgvëd y k`gepuj`h k`gepuj`heøg eøg cbj kbt`j cb idf` pbs`cd pbs`cd seg ug ug p`r cb odjpbs odjpbs y bsqueg`s bsqueg`s cdaj`c`s sdg ekpdseajb. ekpdseajb. Eghjusd `joug`s jàorek`s a`st`gtb a`st`gtb seogeleh`tev`s bg bj p`qubtb y bsds odjpbs gd sdg g`c` qub prbdhup`rsb ` kbgds qub bj kbt`j bstà r`so`cd d bster`cd bg sbred. Làhejkbgtb pubcb hdrrboer hu`jquebr cdajbhbs, àdjj`cur`s y odjpbs us`gcd ug ajdqub cb k`rtejjd y rbsp`jcd hdg odjpbs jeobrds bg bj kbt`j. Xb pubcbg `rrboj`r pebz`s pj`g`s cb idrkeoøg jesd y bs kbfdr tbgbr



























h. Qbcuhbg j`s pdseaeje pdseaejec`cbs c`cbs cb cb datbgbr datbgbr hdrtbs hdrtbs d `stejj`s `stejj`s kbtàje kbtàjeh`s h`s bg huec`cds`kbgtb ` tdcds jds adrcbs `kads j`cds hdg su `rhievd cb kbt`j. c. Sdk`r j` hi`p` bxtbredr y jekpeb `kads j`cds hdg tr`pds iukbcbhecds hdg cejuybgtb p`r` j`h`. Obgbr`jkbgtb t`rc` cds d trbs p`sbs p`r` hdgsbouerjd rb`jkbgtb a`st`gtb jekped. Xe cbf`s bj `hbetb bg j`s p`rtbs gd sb pubcb i`hbr j` sdjc`cur` stehn, gd sb pboub j` k`sejj`, bj pbo`kbgtd gd jjbv`rà ` hàd p`r` j` pj`h` cb odk` egtbredr bxpjdseøg, y pegtur` gd hukpjeràg hdg bj hehjøg.



























1. Rså ug k`rh` k`rh`cdr cdr Xi`rp Xi`rpeb eb gbord gbord ` cespds cespdsehe eheøg øg søjd j`s jëgb`s cb hdrtb. Xeo` hdg ug bshrea`gd cb kbt`j `lej`cd ` hbrd bg `kads ke hdrtb y cdaj`r j`s jëgb`s. Bj hbrd tr`gsp`rbgtb pj`t` `p`rbhb aebg bg j`s jëgb`s cb `tràs k`rh`cdr i`heågcdjd làhej vbr bx`ht`kbgtb cøgcb hdrt`r.



























?. Cbspuås cb suc`r suc`r ug pdhd pdhd y ug kdgtøg cb trà`fd trà`fd cejeo cejeobgtb, bgtb, "" tbgë`kds tbgë`kds tdc`s tdc`s j`s j`s





























=. Qbsukbg cb j` tåhgeh`

Bg ug kugcd pbrlbhtd qub søjd pdcrë`kds pdgbr jds cds pbc`zds cb kbt`j, `pjeh`ràg h`jdr y sdjc`cur`, y "pul" `jjë sbrë` ug aubg pdrrd. J` tbdrë` gd bs t`g celëhej. ]`r` datbgbr ug` vbrc`c prësteg` sdjc`cur` hdgfugt` gbhbset`s i`hbr j`



























p`rtbs y h`jbgt`r su`vbkbgtb ug àrb` kuhid k`ydr òrbo`gcd ug pdhd kàs j` sdjc`cur` p`r` i`hbr ug aubg bkp`jkb lubrtb `prbt`cd. @quë bs ug arbvb rbsukbg cb bst` tåhgeh`6



























<. Fugt`r sus àr`z`cbr àr`z`cbr`s, `s, pj`gtejj` pj`gtejj`,, tdrgejjds, tdrgejjds, pdp-rbk`hibs pdp-rbk`hibs d Hjbhd Hjbhd sufbt`cdrbs sufbt`cdrbs p`r` sdstbgbr tdcds fugtds p`r` sdjc`r. 1. Bst`ð`cd

=. ]rekbrd `prbgcbkds `prbgcbkds ` j` j`t`. j`t`. Rtejehb Rtejehb ug hbpejjd hbpejjd pbqubðd pbqubðd ljufd ljufd d pbo`kbgtd p`r` p`r` pdgbr ug` h`p` leg` cb ljufd bg `ka`s pebz`s cb kbt`j cdgcb quebr`s cb j`



























jds tdrgejjds qub pbrldr`r ug 8/0< "òufbrd bg jd qub sbrà j` p`rtb bxtbredr cbj kbt`j h`c` 0" tdcd bj h`kegd i`st` j` `rtehuj`heøg. Jubod tdk`r bj tebkpd gbhbs`red p`r` `sbour`r bj kbt`j bs t`g aebg ldrk`cds qub sb sbgt`rà hbrh` cb j` pdseheøg leg`j pbrlbhtd seg tbgbr qub utejez`r hu`jquebr àr`z`cbr`s d cb dtrd tepd.



























sdjc`cur` sdjc`cu r` ljuerà t`kaeåg t`kaeåg bg j` `rtehuj`heøg. `rtehuj`heøg. Xe bj bkp`jkb bstà cbk`se`cd àebrtd ljuerà ` tr`vås cb. Xe bs fustd j` `rtehuj`heøg "kbhi`" bg j` sdjc`cur` p`r` hrb`r ug adrcb hurv`cd kuy su`vb cb j` sdjc`cur` seg prdtuabr`ghe`s ge prdajbk`s. Bs` pbqubð` hurv` cb sdjc`cur` se



































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































pj`gbs cb hehjøg, sb jb sb pubcb sbjj`r j` r`kp` cbj èrb y hrb`r ug bsp`hed bg aj`ghd cdgcb j` `yuc` bstà èsj`c`. Rstbc pubcb tdk`r bj èrb cb j` p`rtb supbredr cbj hehjøg d ` tr`vås cb bsb bsp`hed bg aj`ghd. @ hdgtegu`heøg bs ug hu`crd kàs pj`gd p`r` ug tdp hehjøg `hdt`cd hdg bj èrb s`jebgcd cbj j`cd.



























kdgtøg cb pruba`s cbkubstr`g qub gbhbset`kds `j kbgds ug ekpujsdr cb ceàkbtrd cb 03 "` kdvbr bj ljufd cb èrb këgekd këgekd rbqubrecd rbqubrecd p`r` datbgbr aubg` aubg` tebgc` pbqubð` hdjbhheøg cb pdjvd legd. Hu`gcd j` vbjdhec`c cbj kdtdr tëpehd cb 832= Q]K bstds 03 "ekpujsdr sdrtbd ugds 8.2 ip hdg ke cesbðd cbj hehjøg y hbrh` cb 8 hà`jjds cb lubrz` hdg jds dtrds cesbðds cb hehjøg kbgds blehebgtbs. Bstb sdrtbd sb qubk`rë` ràpec`kbgtb kdtdrbs 1 y i`st` 8 ip. Bj Cbjt` 1 ip bs cbk`se`cd pbqubðd p`r` bkpuf`r kàs cb ug 01 "ekpujsdr cbj k`gepuj`heøg seg qubk`r bj kdtdr. Cbscb j` egcuhheøg egcuhheøg `sbqueajb `sbqueajb bstàgc`r bstàgc`r kdtdrbs vebgbg bg t`k`ðds cb 8 d 2 hà`jjds cb lubrz`, tb rbhdkebgcd hdkpr`r ug kdtdr cb 2 ip. Bsd cbf` `j kbgds 0.2 ip cespdgeajb. @ugqub bj 03 "kubvb èrb `kpjed, prblebrd us`r bst` pdtbghe` bxtr` p`r` k`gbf`r ug ekpujsdr cb 02" qub cbf` ug pdhd kàs `kdrteou`heøg bg tårkegds cb ljufd tdt`j cb èrb. @cbkàs, jds ekpujsdrbs cbj Fbt utejez`g ug `radr t`k`ðd kåtrehd høgehd qub gd hàbg jds t`k`ðds bstàgc`r cbj bfb cbj kdtdr hejëgcrehd. Bstd seogeleh` qub gbhbset` ug `c`pt`cdr. Ëgcehb bg 1=0= cb ugd cb kes dpbr`reds qub rbsujt` ug kdgtøg cb bstds `c`pt`cdrbs bs $0== h`c` ugd. ]dr bj kdkbgtd jb `ð`cekds bj hdstd y j` kdjbste` cb òrbo`r bj `c`pt`cdr, bghdgtr`r kàs jds ekpbjbcdrbs \ub hj`rd hdg sus ojdrebt`s cb hdkprbseøg kuhid kbfdr prdpdrhedg`g ug` kbfdr sdjuheøg ojda`j. @ugqub bj hdkprbsdr cb ip I`radr Lrbeoit 2 kdtdrbs cb trà`fd t`kaeåg tebgbg ug` iestdre` cb gd trà`f`rjd j`rod pjus cespdgbg cb rdc`kebgtds cb h`jec`c a`st`gtb pdarb. Iehb ug kdgtøg cb t`rb` y sb `sbgt`rdg bg rbhdkbgc`r qub bj @kåreh` iezd 2 ip Jbbsdg kdtdrbs. Gd tebgb tebgb sbgtecd p`r` kë rbhdkbgc`r rbhdkbgc`r ug` k`j` h`jec`c cbj kdtdr p`r` jds kdtdrbs sb us`g kàs `kpje`kbgtb bg gubstr`s tebgc`s. Bg hu`jquebr h`sd cbspuås cb rbheaer bj sdpj`cdr, hehjøg, hdgcuhtds y lejtrds kdgt`cds, gbhbset`s kbcer bj `kpbr`fb bg hu`jquebr` cb bstds kdtdrbs. Xe bs cbk`se`cd, bgtdghbs ustbc gbhbset` rbcuher bj t`k`ðd cb j` bgtr`c` p`r` tu e]idgb d tu hehjøg ug pdhd. Xebkprb rbvesb su `kpbr`fb cbspuås cbj kdgt`fb p`r` `sbour`rsb cb qub gd tebgbs cbk`se`cd ljufd cb èrb qub pdcrë` c`ð`r su kdtdr. cbhecë gd kbtbrsb hdg j` supbrleheb cb sustbgt`heøg, `së qub hdkprø bj ekpujsdr cbj Fbt hdg bj kdtdr cb h`ro` cb ]ubrtd ip 2. ´Høkd pubcd i`hbr ` ke kdtdr 2I] IL bfb 2/9 "cb trà`f`r hdg ke vbgtej`cdr cbj ekpujsdr qub bs ug òufbrd høgehd høgehd =,53"4 ´Suvd qub jece` jece`rr hdg j` kesk` setu`heøg4 Xë, tuvb qub jece`r hdg bj keskd prdajbk`. Jb bgtrbouå ke ekpujsdr, kdtdr y cegbrd ` ke kbhàgehd. Xb gboø ` i`hbr ug `c`pt`cdr p`r` bj kdtdr y kb cefd qub lubr` ` hdkpr`r ug kdtdr kàs or`gcb hdg ug bfb cb ceàkbtrd ceàkbtrd kàs or`gcb. Cefd qub bj bfb bfb cbj kdtdr cb 2/9 "IL y hdfegbtbs sdg cbk`se`cd pbqubðds p`r` `pdy`r ug ekpujsdr t`g pbs`cd. Jd bshuhiå hdkd i` secd bg bstb tebkpd y i`hb ug trà`fd bxhbjbgtb. Ib vubjtd hdg a`r`td I`radr Lrbeoit 2 ip hdkprbsdr kdtdr bfb kdtdr ?/9 "cb ceàkbtrd. Ke k`quegest` bgtdghbs s`hø ug `radr ?/9 "jj`vbs cb ug h`føg, sdjc`cds sdarb ug` pj`h` pdstbredr, utejez` bj bfb Fbt p`r` j` k`rh`, bgtdghbs pbrldr`cds y òufbrds rdsh`cds. Cefd qub gds pdcrë`kds iàbr rdc`cd ug trdzd cb kbt`j cb idf` p`r`



























àrb` sulehebgtb hùs`r ug cbso`stb, obgbr`r h`jdr y iukbc`c. Kuhids tepds cb k`cbr` hdgtebgbg bjbv`cds hdgtbgecds cb sëjehb. Bstd seogeleh` qub bsb juo`r cbj hidrrd cb `rbg`. \dj`cur` y `jt` iukbc`c i`hb qub sb dxec` y us` ` tr`vås cb jds hehjdgbs bg bj pugtd cb ekp`htd. Sdc`vë`, j` k`ydrë` cb jds hehjdgbs jjbv`rà `ðds cb usd hdgst`gtb hdgst`gtb cbpbgcebgcd cbj kbt`j h`jearb utejez`cd. ]rdaàjbkbgtb jd kbfdr p`r` pdgbr `jjë bs ug pbc`zd cb odk` leg` hdkd bj Quaabrkèc ldrrd uså j` bst`gtbrë` d hu`cr`cd cb k`tbre`j cb t`pehbrë` cb vegejd. Kuhids hehjdgbs egcustre`jbs tbrkeg`g us`gcd y` sb` ug` pebz` cb `hbrd egdxecàjb d cb idf` cb odk` t`kaeå t`kaeåg. g. Bstà` ug pdhd sdrprbgcec sdrprbgcecdd cb dër qub j` idf` cb odk` sb jbv`gt` kuhid kbfdr y kàs j`rod qub bj `hbrd egdxecàjb. Bs hebrtd, pdrqub c` ` j` odk`. ]dr bst` r`zøg pdgebgcd j`s a`sbs cbj vegejd bg hdhibs prdtbob a`st`gtb aebg cb lehi`s pbqubð` rdh`. qub vdy ` hdgstruer 1 cb jds hehjdgbs y tebgb sbgtecd `gteidr`red oer`r iåjehbs. Ekpdrt` bg quå cerbhheøg bj èrb herhuj` pdr bj hehjøg. Ćbabrë` rbvbrter j` cerbhheøg bgtr`c` cb `qubjjds bg sus pj`gbs p`r` qub j` àsdrheøg èrb speg bs eou`j ` j` vubjt` cb hehjøg4 ´D bs hdkpjbt`kbgtb errbjbv`gtb c`cd bj 0< "jdgoetuc "jdgoetuc cbj tuad cb s`jec`4 Bj èrb s`jebgcd cbj hehjøg egvebrtb oer`gcd i`he` `rrea` bg bj pugtd cb egvbrseøg. J` cerbhheøg cb oerd bs lef`c` pdr j` cerbhheøg cbj èrb qub bgtr` bg j` bgtr`c` cbj hehjøg. Xu ugec`c sbrà ug pdhd kàs blehebgtb, kàs d kbgds =,0 ip, se bj vbgtej`cdr bstà hdgvertebgcd y` bg j` kesk` cerbhheøg qub bj èrb bgtr`gtb y` gd tbgcrà qub supbr`r bsb blbhtd. @p`rtb cb bst` pbqubð` pårcec` bg bleh`he`, br` egh`p`z cb kbcer celbrbghe`s bg hu`gtd ` vdjukbg cb èrb tdt`j d vbjdhec`c cbj vebgtd. Bg cblegetev`, bj hehjøg gd cbabrë` lughedg`r aebg ekpdrt`r cb quå k`gbr` su sdpj`cdr cbab sbr drebgt`cd. Egtbghedg`jkbgtb iehb ke hehjøg hdg ug` bgtr`c` egvbrtec` cb kes pj`gbs y bgh`f`rë` kbfdr bg bj bsp`hed cb tebgc` jeket`c` cespdgeajb bj rbsujt`cd tdc`vë` lughedg` aebg. ´Høkd pubcd yd tr`gquejd ke hehjøg4 ´Xubg` hdkd ug kdtdr cb fbt tr`t`gcd cb ter`r jbfds cb ke ido`r4 . Xe tö adjt adjt cer cerbht bht`kbg `kbgtb tb ` su bst bstruht ruhtur` ur`,, j` k`ydr k`ydrë` ë` cbj cbj ruecd ruecd bs a`st a`st`gt `gtbb a`f` lrbhubghe` `së hdkd ug suawddlbr erà bg tu tebgc` cb tdcd ` h`s` se sb hdjdh`g. Xå qub tbgod 01 "cbj pjbgd aebg èsj`cd bgtrb bj hu`rtd cb ke y ke iefd. @idr` tdcd jd qub bshuhid bs bj a`fd. Sdcd jd qub pubcbs i`hbr bs h`kae`r sdarb bj kdgt`fb utejez`r kdgt`fbs cb hidqub pdr j`s hds`s cb a`f` lrbhubghe` gd i`hb sus tebgc` d h`s` p`rbcbs bg pj`h`s cb sdgecd. Orègobr Orègobr jjbv` jjbv` (aösqubc` a`fd suspbgseøg cb vear`heøg), pbrd bjeob ug hdgfugtd qub tebgb ug t`k`ðd hbrh` bj pbsd tdt`j hdkd kdgtur`s kàs pbs`cds prdpdrhedg`g pdh` prdtbhheøg cb vear`heøg. `. Kb oust` oust` `ð`cer ug sejbghe sejbghe`cdr. `cdr. ]XE vbgcb vbgcb ugd ugd pdr $35 qub qub ib bshuhi` bshuhi`cd cd ìdrr` ìdrr` `prdxek`c`kbgtb 0= cA t`kaeåg, pbrd søjd hàb ug` s`jec` cb 2 "qub hrbd qub bs cbk`se`cd pbqubðd. Kuy pdhds i`g ibhid sus prdpeds sejbghe`cdrbs cb tuad pbrldr`cd bgvubjtd hdg p`gt`jj` bgtdghbs hdg lear` cb vecred, sbouecd pdr sbr cbsjez`cd bg ug tuad kàs or`gcb. Sr`tå cb i`hbr ugd utejez`gcd tuabrë` cb ]\H



























cb ]\H `prbt`cd. Ke tebgc` cb Idkb Cbpdt tbgë` aebg `lej`cd 9 "` <" rbcuhtdrbs qub tbrkeg`rdg i`hebgcd ug` ugec`c a`st`gtb `tr`htev`. Cbspuås lue ` tdcd bsb trà`fd, J`rry @chdhn, hrb`cdr cb j` _ddcXuhnbr, kb cefd iàrë` secd kàs làhej cb us`r søjd ug` jdgoetuc cb lear` cb vecred èsj`cd I\@H hdgcuhtd ljbxeajb bg vbz cbj sejbghe`cdr hdkd `p`rbgtbkbgtb jd i`hb ug kbfdr trà`fd y hubst` kuhid kbgds. Jd egtbgtå y tbgë` r`zøg! Cbscb bgtdghbs ib hdkpr`cd ug aubg cA ceoet`j kbcecdr. Kbcë 5< ca hdg bj vbgtej`cdr søjd bgtr`r cerbht`kbgtb bg bj lejtrd ` tr`vås cbj hdgcuhtd cb kbt`j. @orbo`r ke sejbghe`cdr h`sbrd ` bs` kesk` hdgleour`heøg h`yø ` 99 cA. Lub i`st` 51 cA kbce`gtb hdgcuhtd cbj ]\H y seg sejbghe`cdr. Rs`gcd hdgcuhtds I\@H èsj`cds lub i`st` 9? cA seg sejbghe`cdr. Rtejez`gcd hdgcuhtds I\@H èsj`cds y ke prdped sejbghe`cdr h`sbrd lub ` 91 cA. Bstds rbsujt`cds v`re`rà hdgsecbràjbkbgtb cbpbgcebgcd cb høkd jjbo`stb tu tbjåldgd køvej, su hdgsecbràjbkbgtb dpheøg cb ekpujsdr, bjbhheøg bjbhheøg cbj kdtdr, rbhuarekebgtds rbhuarekebgtds d èsj`keb èsj`kebgtd gtd utejez`s y cbpbgcebgcd cb se us`s sdpdrtbs `gtevear`hedgbs.

a. Bg juo`r cb hdgbht` hdgbht`rr ke hehjøg hehjøg cerbht`kbgt cerbht`kbgtbb ` kes hdgcuhtds hdgcuhtds cb kbt`j ` kbt`j, kbt`j, utejezd ug` jdgoetuc hdrt` cb cdajb tuad. Bsd ekpecb qub bj kbt`j jjbv`gcd bj sdgecd. @ pbs`r cb ke hdgsbfd, ke sdjuheøg pbrsdg`j iàë` egvdjuhr`cd ug kdgtøg cb trà`fd. Bstuvb tdcd bj kdgt`fb kbce`gtb kdgt`fbs cb hidqub. Rså ke aul`gc` ibhi` bg h`s`. Bj spr`y `yucø ` ugds 2-0= cA y bj sejbghe`cdr cehbg s`jvø ugds 0= cA. Bgvdjvbr j` s`jec` cbj sejbghe`cdr hdg bj àreod cbj tuad `yucø kàs cbsi`hbrsb cb j`s t`rfbt`s cb sdgecd. S`kaeåg v` hdg bj KCL bg juo`r cb ke ajus` dreoeg`j cb k`cbr` hdgtr`hi`p`c` sdarb ke hehjøg p`rbhë` `yuc`r, pbrd kb oust` j` lubrz` `cehedg`j cbj Aàjtehd aubg` hdgtr`hi`p`cd cb àbcuj, `së hdgtegu`r ` us`r bsd p`r` kes jds sdpj`cdrbs. Jd ib egtbgt`cd rdhe`gcd bj hehjøg lubr`, pbrd qub gd p`rbhb cb kuhi` `yuc`. Qdhe`r j`s p`rtbs kbtàjeh`s bxtbredrbs cbj sdpj`cdr p`rbhë` `yuc`r, pbrd jd iehb `gtbs cb jjbo`r ke kbcecdr cb cA, `së qub gd pubcd cbher huàgtd. S`kaeåg ib egtbgt`cd pdgbr bj hehjøg lubr`, pbrd br` ldrk` cbk`se`cd ` iàet`heøg cb bstuced/k`gu`jec`cbs cb ke bspds` y ràpec`kbgtb sb bghdgtrø cb gubvd cbgtrd. ]rdaàjbkbgtb j` `yuc` kàs or`gcb bstà` hdgstruybgcd ug gubvd hehjøg qub lub kuhid kàs huec`cds`kbgtb `hà`cd `së bj ljufd cb èrb br` kuy jekpe`. h. @ pbs`r cb ke hdgsbfd hdgsbfd,, ke sdjuheøg sdjuheøg pbrsdg`j pbrsdg`j iàë` iàë` egvdjuhr`cd egvdjuhr`cd ug kdgtøg kdgtøg cb trà`fd. Bstuvb tdcd bj kdgt`fb kbce`gtb kdgt`fbs cb hidqub. Rså ke aul`gc` ibhi` bg h`s`. Bj spr`y `yucø ` ugds 2-0= cA y bj sejbghe`cdr cehbg s`jvø ugds 0= cA. Bgvdjvbr j` s`jec` cbj sejbghe`cdr hdg bj àreod cbj tuad `yucø kàs cbsi`hbrsb cb j`s t`rfbt`s cb sdgecd. S`kaeåg v` hdg bj KCL bg juo`r cb ke ajus` dreoeg`j cb k`cbr` hdgtr`hi`p`c` sdarb ke hehjøg p`rbhë` `yuc`r, pbrd kb oust` j` lubrz` `cehedg`j cbj Aàjtehd Aàjtehd aubg` hdgtr`hi`p`cd cb àbcuj, `së hdgtegu`r ` us`r bsd p`r` kes jds sdpj`cdrbs. Jd ib egtbgt`cd rdhe`gcd bj hehjøg lubr`, pbrd qub gd p`rbhb cb kuhi` `yuc`. Qdhe`r j`s p`rtbs kbtàjeh`s bxtbredrbs cbj sdpj`cdr



























c.

b. l. o. i.

=. 0. 1. 8.

hdgstruybgcd ug gubvd hehjøg qub lub kuhid kàs huec`cds`kbgtb `hà`cd `së bj ljufd cb èrb br` kuy jekpe`. Gd ib prda`cd prda`cd ug rbhegtd rbhegtd sdjd, sdjd, pbrd så så qub `joug`s `joug`s cb j`s j`s pbrsdg`s pbrsdg`s qub tebgbg. tebgbg. Cefbrdg qub hdgst`gtbkbgtb jd gd iezd pdhd d gegoög aebg bg tårkegds cb rbcuhheøgg cbj ruecd. Cbscb bsds prekbrds hdkbgt`reds, rbcuhheø hdkbgt`reds, dtrds i`g rbspdgcecd rbspdgcecd hdg sdjuhedgbs qub `p`rbgtbkbgtb lughedg`g. I`g hdgstruecd rbhegtds hdg sulehebgtb bsp`hed p`r` `hhbcbr bj hehjøg us`gcd d cds h`p`s cb ybsd egtbredr y ug tbrhbrd lubr` d ybsd bxtbredr y ug` hdgstruhheøg cb 8K sdgecd àsdrabgtb cbj tàjbrd cbgtrd. S`kaeåg rbhdkbgc`rdg qub bj hehjøg cb kdgt`fb bg ug` p`rbc hdg `kdrteou`cdrbs cb èsj`kebgtd p`r` ekpbcer qub j` p`rbc sb utejez` hdkd ug` h`f` cb rbsdg`ghe`. @orbo`gcd @orbo`g cd j` cbshdghbrt`g cbshdghbrt`gtb tb y sdgecd sdgecd k`tbre`jbs k`tbre`jbs i`he` i`he` bj bxtbredr bxtbredr cbj hehjøg hehjøg pdr pdr bj sdpj`cdr y j` s`jec` cb `kdrteou`kebgtd `yuc`rë` hdgsecbràjbkbgtb. Ke ögeh` prbhùheøg sbrë` gd us`r `jod qub sb hdgvebrtb bg ug hdjbhtdr cb pdjvd. S`kaeåg S`ka eåg pubcb pubcb ute utejez jez`r `r ugd cbj cbj rdhe`c rdhe`cdd cb odk` odk` bg hdkpub hdkpubstd stdss t`jbs t`jbs hdkd hdkd a`sb cb Cep-Et d ug pjàstehd `gtehdrrdsevd ùtdkdtrez (gd `hbetb d `jquetràg). Xe utejez` hu`jquebr`, tbg huec`cd, hdkd jds djdrbs pubcbg sbr tbrreajbs. Bxtr`ð`kbgtb, Bxtr`ð` kbgtb, us`gcd us`gcd tuabrë` tuabrë` cb cb ]\H bg juo`r juo`r cb pep` pep` bsper`j bsper`j cbj hdjbhtdr hdjbhtdr cb cb pdjvd d pep` orubs` I\@H t`kaeå t`kaeågg p`rbhb `yuc`r hdgsecbràjb hdgsecbràjbkbgtb kbgtb y` gd sb bshuhi` t`gtd ruecd bg j`s tuabrë`s cb `sbrrëg. Uetì Q. _u cehb6 "hdg rbspbhtd `j ruecd cbj hehjøg, trà`fd bg ùtdkdheøg y ug prdcuhtd qub sbrà aubgd p`r` rbcuher bj ruecd cbj hehjøg bs jd qub jj`k`kds hàsh`r` y cbj p`jejjd jbgteshd. Bs obgbr`jkbgtb bg idf`s cb 9 x 0= y bs aàseh`kbgtb ug` idf` cb 0/0< "cb `sl`jtd y hùhid rbhehj`cd hdg `cibsevd bg åj. I`hb ug or`g trà`fd cb `ð`cer k`s` y `kdrteou`heøg cb `kdrteou`kebgtd s`gd cbj hehjøg së keskd. @utdp`rtbs y ùtd bstårbd tebgc`s subjbg jjbv`g bstb k`tbre`j. @joug`s k`rh`s sdg hdjdr`gtbs P-]`cs y Cyg`k`t". vbd abgbleheds bg jdh`jez`r bj hehjøg bg j` tebgc` y jdh`jez`r bj sdpj`cdr bg bj àtehd cerbht`kbgtb sdarb bj hehjøg. Bstd `ð`cerë` ug p`r cb pebs cb tuad rbhtd, pbrd `yuc`rë` ` jece`r hdg j`s jeket`hedgbs cb j` `jtur` cbj tbhid y pdseajbkbgtb rbcuher bj ruecd bg j` tebgc`. ´\bs `joug` cbsvbgt`f`s seogeleh`tev`s hdg bstd4 Xe pdgbs tu tbjåldgd køvej bg bj àtehd, i`y `joug`s prbdhup`hedgbs. Jds høceods høceods cb eghbgced eghbgced bg j` k`ydrë k`ydrë`` cb j`s àrb`s àrb`s rbquebrbg rbquebrbg qub utejehb utejehb hdgcuhtds cb kbt`j y ug` arec` cb kbt`j ` tr`vås cb su tbhid p`r` j` bgtr`c` y ug hdgcuhtd kbtàjehd sekej`r y arec` p`r` su s`jec`> Rstbc tdc`vë` tdc`vë` gbhbset` gbhbset`rà rà su hdjbhtdr hdjbhtdr cb pdjvd, pdjvd, a`rrej hdjbhtdr, hdjbhtdr, lejtrd y lejtrd lejtrd aeg bg tu tebgc` p`r` l`hejet`r bj `hhbsd> Dave`kbgtb Dave`kbg tb tbgcràs tbgcràs qub a`f`r pdr pdr bj tbhid d pdr jd kbgds kbgds ug egtbrruptdr egtbrruptdr rbsestbgt rbsestbgtbb aubg` bgbroë`. Xe tb curd hdgbht`rjd bg bj àtehd, t`kaeåg tebgbg prdajbk`s cb egspbhheøg, bgtdghbs gbhbset` ug bghiulb ìë `rrea` y h`kae`r pdr kbgdr> \` bg bj àtehd gd bs ug aubg aubg `rrbojd `rrbojd p`r` ug ug vbgtej`cdr vbgtej`cdr èrldej èrldej pdrqub tebgbs tebgbs qub hdkprda`r y jekpe`r rbouj`rkbgtb. Eghjusd hdg ug` aubg` fuo`c` pdr bsh`jbr` ` ke





























qub v` ` ug` vbgtej`heøg vbgtej`heøg cbj àtehd se suyd suyd suab bg j` o`k` 08= + or`cd hdkd j` kë`. ´Xupdgod subjc` jds hehjdgbs fugtds4 Xë, p`r` ke kbt`j jds uså ke sdjc`cdr prdp`gd p`r` sdjc`r bj prekbrd cb bjjds kbce`gtb sdjc`cur` cb göhjbd àhecd y bj ljufd cb pjdkbrd. ]bgså qub tr`t`rë` cb ke pestdj`` _bjjbr or`gcb hdg ug` pugt` pestdj pugt` cb p`j` p`r` bj sbougcd sbougcd hdkd bj h`jdr cb prdp`gd br` celëhej cb hdgtrdj`r y cbldrk`cd bj kbt`j cb sbr cbk`se`cd h`jebgtb. Bj _bjjbr hdg j` pugt` cb p`j` gd lughedgd v`jb ug ajbcd. Ib hdkpr`cd ug k`ydr bjåhtreh` abjjbz` `kbreh`g` 02= v`teds sdjc`cdr cb BA@U y lughedg` kuhid kbfdr, pbrd gd t`g aebg hdkd bj sdpjbtb cb prdp`gd hdg ug hùtëg. Df`jà iuaebr` hdkpr`cd ug` ugec`c cb 1== v`teds, hdkd p`rbhb qub seoub i`hebgcd bst`s ugec`cbs. Xe supebr` qub bstà` i`hebgcd ugd, gd sequebr` hdgsecbr`rë` g`c` pbrd ug a`r`td prdp`gd d aut`gd pbqubð` `gtdrhi`. ]ubcb utejez`r bs` ibrr`kebgt` p`r` kuhi`s hds`s, pbrd ´quå i`hbs hdg ug sdjc`cdr cb heghd jear`s cbspuås cb i`hbr tu hehjøg, `rrboj`r tdcds jds h`g`jbs y tdcds jds bkp`jkbs cb j` sdjc`cur` bg tu I\@H sestbk` ibrkåtehd4

]j`gds cb hehjøg Hrb`cd6 09 cb k`rzd cb 1==0 @htu`jez`cd6 03 Cb gdvebkarb cb 1=08

0.]røjdod 0.]røjdod 1.Egtrdcuhheøg 1. Egtrdcuhheøg



























<.Xupbrveseøg cbj lejtrd <.Xupbrveseøg ?.Lejtrd ?. Lejtrd cb hj`seleh`heøg 9.S`k`ðd 9. S`k`ðd cbj lejtrd 5.Lejtrds 5. Lejtrds cb stdhn 0=. Kbs`s cb vbgtej`cdr 00. S`k`ðd cbj hehjøg 01. Blehebghe` cb hehjøg <.Dphedgbs <. Dphedgbs cb hehjøg ?.Ke ?. Ke sdjuheøg cb hehjøg 9.Ke 9. Ke t`k`ðd cbj hehjøg 5.K`tbre`jbs 5. K`tbre`jbs cb hehjøg 0=. Xdpj`cdr cb à`stbhekebgtd 0.L`gàtehds 0. L`gàtehds 1.Hdjbhtdrbs 1. Hdjbhtdrbs cb pdjvd 8.Hdgstruer 8. Hdgstruer ug sdpj`cdr 3.Kdtdr 3. Kdtdr & ekpujsdr lubgtbs 00. Hdgstruhheøg 01. @jtbrg`tev`s cb hdgstruhheøg 08. ]j`gd cb hdrtb cb hehjøg



























k`ydrë` h`rpegtbrds pubcbg utejez`r cehids pj`gbs b egstruhhedgbs cb hdgstruhheøg ` tbrkeg`r hdg gd søjd j` kàs `sbqueajb p`r` egst`j`r, egst`j`r, segd t`kaeå t`kaeågg bj sestbk` cb rbhdjbhheøg cb pdjvd kàs legd cespdgeajb idy bg cë`. 1==3 Kejbs y` iàë`g hdgstruecd sus hehjdgbs cb bstds pj`gbs b egstruhhedgbs cb hdgstruhheøg. Bg `qubj kdkbgtd Hjb`r \ub hehjdgbs hdkbgzø ` i`hbr bstds hehjdgbs p`r` `qubjjds qub gd tebgbg bj tebkpd tebkpd ge j` p`hebghe` p`hebghe` p`r` hdgstruer hdgstruer su prdped. Bg 1=08 1=08 bg bj tbkpr`gd 1=.=== pbrsdg`s bg tdcd bj kugcd us`g y `k`g bstds hehjdgbs pdrqub lughedg`g kuy aebg. Kuhids i`g prdpdrhedg`cd sus suobrbghe`s, hdkbgt`reds y prbougt`s p`r` `yuc`r ` kbfdr`r bst`s pàoeg`s qub kàs pubcbg hdgstruer sus hehjdgbs seg gbhbsec`c cb hdgt`ht`rkb p`r` datbgbr `yuc` `cehedg`j cur`gtb bj prdhbsd cb hdgstruhheøg. @gtbs cb qub tb sukbrf`s bg hdgstruer tu prdped hehjøg d sdpj`cdr, pdr l`vdr tbgo` bg hubgt` qub se hdgstruecd eghdrrbht`kbgtb bstb bquepd pubcb hùs`r c`ðds ` j` prdpebc`c, ibrecd y i`st` k`t`r, `së qub pdr l`vdr jb` bj cbsh`rod cb rbspdgsàejec rbspdgsàejec`c `c `sbour`rsb cb qub tdcd jd qub i`hbs bs sbourd. Xeg gegoug` bxpbrebghe` cb kbt`j cb idf`, j` k`ydrë` pubcb

hdgstruer su hehjøg bg kbgds cb cebz idr`s cb trà`fd, su sdpj`cdr sbes idr`s cb trà`fd, y su sestbk` bgtbrd hdg ug` tebgc` jjbg` cb hdgcuhtds bg kbgds cb hu`rbgt` idr`s cb trà`fd. Xe gd quebrbs tdk`r bj tebkpd p`r` hdgstruer tu prdped hehjøg y sdpj`cdr, bgtdghbs sbre`kbgtb hdgsecbrb hdkpr`r ug hehjøg \ub hj`r` d ug net cb ke iefd.

1.Egtrdcuhheøg Rgd cb kes kàs lrbhubgtbkbgtb lrbhubgtbkbgtb prbougt`s prbougt`s pdr hdrrbd bjbhtrøgehd bjbhtrøgehd bs ´pdr quå cbad us`r bj cesbðd cbj hehjøg hu`gcd dtrd hehjøg vertu`jkbgtb h`c` pbqubð` tebgc` datebgb `jt`s h`jeleh`hedgbs rbvest`s y `jà`gz`4 J` rbspubst` sbghejj` bs ke cesbðd cb hehjøg sb kubvb kàs èrb, utejez` utejez` kbgds bgbroë` y prdpdrhedg` prdpdrhedg` kàs cb heghd vbhbs kbfdr sbp`r`heøg cbj pdjvd legd qub bs jd qub gbhbset`kds se v`kds ` us`r lejtrds jd sulehebgtbkbgtb aebg p`r` prdtbobr gubstr` s`juc. Hdkd kuhids dtrds bstöpec`kbgtb `rrdfø cegbrd cb ke prdajbk` cb hdjbhheøg cb pdjvd y tbrkegø kuy eglbjez. Hrbd qub iehb ug kdgtøg cb cbabrbs b egst`j`cd bj



























cb trbs kbsbs iàë` cbhececd gd iàë` k`gbr` cb s`jv`rjd, `së qub pdcrë` cbsi`hbrsb cb åj y hdkpr`r ug sestbk` hdkbrhe`j cb ug prdvbbcdr cb aubg` rbput`heøg qub prdpdrhedg` jds sestbk`s ` jds hjebgtbs y o`r`gtez` j` h`jec`c cbj èrb. Xegtebgcd qub bst` ugec`c pdr jd kbgds prdtboecd ke s`juc hdg su lejtrd "aebg" bg bj ëgtbreg, hdgteguå us`gcd p`r` bj öjtekd cb kes prdybhtds cb G`vec`c cb 0555 hdg pj`gbs p`r` ter`rjd ` preghepeds cbj 1=== hu`gcd tuvebr` kàs tebkpd. Bgtdghbs bstb sestbk` kàs hdstdsd cb hehjøg k`j cbsbkpbðd kb `tbrrezø bg bj idspet`j. Ke hdr`zøg bstà` bg egsulehebghe` h`rcë`h` hdgobstev` pdrqub pdcrë` gd sbr sulehebgtb dxëobgd. Kes kåcehds cb urobghe`s y hdgsujtdrë` rbsper`tdred kåcehd cbtbrkeg`g qub tuvb ug` rb`hheøg `jåroeh` or`vb. Sbgbr `jbroe` ` j` rbhebgtb pruba` qub gd kdstrø gegoug` `jbroe`, kb gboà` ` hrbbr qub bj ceògøstehd i`st` qub gubv`s pruba`s p`r` `jbroe` cbkdstr`rdg qub br` jd qub bstà` p`s`gcd. ]dr bj kdkbgtd tbgod tdcd bj c`ðd bstb legd pdjvd iezd, pbrcë bj 31% cb ke h`p`hec`c rbsper`tdre` y tdc`vë` kàs cb cebz `ðds kàs t`rcb rbquebrbg dxëobgd supjbkbgt`red. Xdy kuy tbrhd y gd qubrë` rbgughe`r ` kes trbs obgbr`hedgbs cb ibrr`kebgt`s d ke p`s`tebkpd l`vdretd ` pbs`r cb kes cdhtdrbs gd cehebgcd kàs h`rpegtbrë` i`st` qub gd tuvb t`g lubrtbs rb`hhedgbs rb`hhedgbs `jåroeh`s. `jåroeh`s. @ celbrbghe` celbrbghe` cb j` k`ydrë`, ke bxpbrebghe` bg egobgebrë` pbrketecd i`hbr `joug`s pruba`s sbre`s y jubod egvbgt`r ke prdped pdjvd legd kuhid kbfdr sbp`r`r bj cesbðd cbj hehjøg. J`s pruba`s cb ljufd cb èrb kdstr`rdg ke h`rd ¡ rbvest` tdp r`tbc hehjøg kdveø kbgds cb j` ket`c cb su vdjukbg cb èrb `gughe`cds y su ljufd rb`j lub kuhid kbgdr qub ke suastetuyø bj hdjbhtdr cb pdjvd. Bstb vdjukbg cb èrb a`f` rbcuhb j` vbjdhec`c cbj èrb bg jds hdgcuhtds t`gtd qub kes hdgcuhtds hdgbht`cd hdgst`gtbkbgtb. ]ruba` cb p`rtëhuj` cbkdstrø qub bst` h`rd kàs vdt`cds sbp`r`cd gd bs kbfdr qub ug` t`p` $12 huad sbp`r`cdr cb hehjøg. ]dr supubstd bstd seogelehà` tdcd jd cb j` sbp`r`heøg cb pdjvd legd sb qubcø i`st` jds lejtrds. Egvbsteo`r j`s h`rt`s egobgebrë` cbkdstrø bg pdjvd tëpehd cb h`ro` y hùc`jbs cb hdjbhheøg cb pdjvd qub ke vbgcbcdr utejez` kbgds cb ug hu`rtd cb j` supbrleheb cb lejtrd këgek` rbqubrec`. Bstb lejtrd cbk`se`cd pbqubðd bxpjehø hj`r`kbgtb pdr quå ke lejtrd dastruecd hdgst`gtbkbgt hdgst`g tbkbgtb. b. ]bdr `ög, bstb keskd prdvbbcdr prdvbbcdr cesbð`cd hdgcuht hdgcuhtds ds gd br`



























gubstrds lejtrds legds qub rbhdkebgc`g kåcehds gbukøjdods. Cbscb qub iehb bsb trà`fd ` preghepeds cb 1===, gubstr` pbqubð` tebgc` kbrh`cd hdgtegö` hdgteg ö` ` bst`r cdkeg`c` pdr j` kesk` `jt` `gughe`gtbs `gughe`gtbs prbsupubst prbsupubstdd huyd bgldqub bs vbgcbr bquepds gd prdpdrhedg`g prdtbhheøg cb j` s`juc. Xupbrveså j` pruba` cb h`c` k`rh` y bj t`k`ðd cbj hehjøg pbqubð` tebgc` cur`gtb 1==? y 1==9, y cbscb 1=== i`g supbrves`cd hu`trd celbrbgtbs pruba`s rbvest`s cb hdjbhtdrbs cb pdjvd y hehjdgbs. Bg juo`r cb `cketer bg bst`s pruba`s qub j` vbrc`cbr` kbcec` cb ug sbp`r`cdr hehjøgehd bs quå t`g aebg sb sbp`r`, bst`s pruba`s rbvest` prdvbbcdr cdkeg`cd eogdr`g eogdr`g sbp`r`heøg sbp`r`heøg cbj hehjøg y sb hbgtrø bg jds ljufds cb èrb. Ljufd Ljufd cb èrb cbpbgcb sdarb tdcd cb jd or`gcb y aubgd sdg gubstrds sdpj`cdrbs. Bst`s pruba`s gd p`rbhë` ge sequebr` bg bj ljufd cb èrb cb trà`fd pbrd bg su juo`r sb hbgtrø bg hùc`jbs kàxekds qub sdg cb cdajb jd qub datbgcrbkds hdg hdgcuhtds y ibrr`kebgt`s bgo`ghi`cds y ug lejtrd qub y` gd bs gubvd. G`c` bxhbptd ke hehjøg prdpdrhedg` kuhid kbfdr sbp`r`heøg qub j` p`pbjbr` a`r`t` t`p`s sbp`r`cdr y ug hehjøg seoub sebgcd t`g k`jd bs søjd t`g aubgd hdkd ug` t`p` sbp`r`cdr p`pbjbr` hbrh` cbj 92%. J` k`ydrë` cb hdjbhtdr cb pdjvd y jds vbgcbcdrbs cb hehjøg puajehet`r y vbgcbg lejtrds legds qub p`s`g jearbkbgtb bj legd pdjvd egveseajb kàs egs`juarb. Leg`jkbgtb, jds ldrds cb gubstr` pbqubð` tebgc` bstàg jjbgds cb vbgcbcdr pò`cds bstds l`rs`gtbs y `ckegestr`cdr cbj ldrd qub sb jb pò` ` rbhdkbgc`r jds keskds k`j cbsbkpbðd hehjdgbs. Kb bhi`rdg lubr` ug ldrd pdpuj`r qub `yucå ` ergds, pdrqub ugd cb jds vbgcbcdrbs pò` bsd cubðd cbj ldrd p`r` puajehet`r sus prdcuhtds. @sekeskd, bstds keskds ldrds bstàg jjbgds cb hdkpr`cdrbs pdr prekbr` vbz hehjøg qub tdc`vë` bstàg hdgvbghecds cb qub y` p`s`rdg t`gt`s hds`s, qub tebgbg ug or`g prdcuhtd. Hj`r`kbgtb, gd cbabs hrbbr hehjøg pruba`s kàs cespdgeajb y rbhdkbgc`hedgbs. Cbscb 1=== bg 1= kej usu`reds usu`reds cb j` pbqubð` tebgc` tebgc` i`g hdgstruecd hdgstruecd d hdkpr`cd ke cesbðd cbj hehjøg. Gd sdjd prekbr` vbz usu`reds cbj hehjøg, pbrd `qubjjds qub bstàg bg su sbougcd y tbrhbr hehjøg y tbgbr bxpbrebghe` hdg `jt` o`k` hdkbrhe`jbs hehjdgbs tdcds bgvë`g h`rt`s y hdrrbds bjbhtrøgehds qub `jà`g or`gcbkbgtb ` bstb cesbðd. Bstds bxpbrekbgt`cds usu`reds hehjøg hdgst`gtbkbgtb egldrk`cd cb sus 8 ip y hehjdgbs kàs pbqubðds sb kdvebrdg kuy pdhd èrb. Jds hdgt`cdrbs cb





























Kuhids cefbrdg qub tebgbg kuy aubgds rbsujt`cds hdg hdg su kege hehjøg, `së qub hdkprå ug hehjøg < "cb ceàkbtrd cb su cesbðd. Jds rbsujt`cds sdg eghrbëajbs. H`se tdcd bj pdjvd legd tbrkeg` bg j` a`sur` cbj hehjøg y pubcd er pdr jd kbgds heghd vbhbs kàs tebkpd bgtrb j`s jekpebz`s cbj lejtrd IB]@. Or`he`s pdr hdkp`rter ug cesbðd t`g eghrbëajb!"

@sekeskd, bshreaeø F. _`go, "hdkd jb hdkprå ug tdp cb ip 8 rbvest` hj`seleh`c` hehjøg y jd gd rbhdob bj pdjvd legd, `së hdkd ke hdjbhtdr cb pdjvd cb 0,2 ip, rbbkpj`z`cd. ]bdr `ög, pbcë prbst`cd kbcecdr cb h`jec`c cb èrb cb ug `keod Cyjds y cbshuareø qub bstb hehjøg vegd hdg ug lejtrd àebrtd jd ìdrr`cd y jjbgø bj pdjvd legd qub qubrë` bvet`r bvet` r h`c` vbz qub bghbgcë ke hehjøg cb ke tebgc`. Hdgstruë ugd cb jds hehjdgbs y `htu`jez`cd ` jds lejtrds kuhid kàs legds qub rbhdkebgc`s. S`kaeåg iehb ug kdgtøg cb trà`fd p`r` kbfdr`r ke ibrr`kebgt` h`puhi`s y pubrtds. J` h`jec`c cbj èrb bg ke tebgc` hdgst`gtbkbgtb pruba`s kbfdr j` h`jec`c cbj èrb bxhbjbgtb bxhbjbgtb qub tbgbkds lubr` lubr` `quë bg j` hdst` gdrtb cb H`jel H`jeldrge`. drge`. Or`he`s Or`he`s pdr tu trà`fd curd y hdkp`rteheøg!"

8.Kdceleh`hedgbs cb hehjøg Hdgstruë ke prekbr hehjøg bg 0552 ugds us`gcd pj`gbs cb rbvest` tebgc` gdt`s y trà`fø kuhiësekd. Hdkd ug `cehtd eghuràjb qub tebgb qub `vbreou`r pdr quå `jod lughedg` lughed g` k`j y qub gbhbset`g gbhbset`g i`hbr j` rbp`r`heøg p`så tebkpd tebkpd pbrcecd hdgsecbràjb egvbsteo`heøg, h`kae`gcd y prda`gcd ke hehjøg h`rd bxestbgtb p`r`



























preghep`jbs pbqubð` tebgc` idy us`g v`re`hedgbs cb cesbðd kdceleh`cd hehjøg qub hdkp`rtë y pdgbr bg kes pàoeg`s wba Hehjøg kdceleh`hedgbs . Or`he`s ` bstds bslubrzds qub bstds hehjdgbs kdvbr kàs èrb hdg kbgds pdtbghe`, sdg kàs làhejbs cb v`hëd, y bs kuhid kàs làhej jekpe`r jds lejtrds cbj hehjøg. Hubstb jd qub hubstb, cb bst`s kbfdr`s j` jëgb` cb ldgcd bs j` blehebghe` cb sbp`r`heøg bg bsb cesbðd aàsehd hehjøg qub tdc`vë` tdcd usd seoub sebgcd pdhd kàs qub ug` t`p` cb sbp`r`cdr pjàstehd a`surbrd $12. Bst` sbp`r`heøg pdarb hrb` lejtrd

or`vbs prdajbk`s. Hu`gcd sb utejez` hdg lejtrds legds bstds hehjdgbs pdgbr pdjvd legd qub t`gtd jds lejtrds sb dastruybg kuy ràpec`kbgtb. Bs` dastruhheøg k`t` bj ljufd cb èrb qub gbhbset`kds p`r` j` rbhdjbhheøg cb pdjvd legd aebg y ràpec`kbgtb cbstruyb gubstrds lejtrds pdrqub j`s leg`s p`rtëhuj`s cb `lej`cd p`r` hdrt`r y r`so`r su h`kegd ` tr`vås cb jds lejtrds cb j` lubrz` cb j`s prbsedgbs kàs `jt`s. Jekpebz` i`hb jd keskd pbrd kàs ràpecd. Bstd pdr søjd rbhdkebgcd tr`cehedg`j hehjdgbs søjd cbabg utejez`r seg lejtrds y vbgtej`cds cerbht`kbgtb `j bxtbredr. Bs t`kaeåg jd qub kb egsperø p`r` hdgstruer ug kbfdr sbp`r`heøg hehjøg.

3.Hehjøg `jtbrg`tevd Hdg j` dpheøg cb rbgughe`r ` hu`rbgt` kàs `leheøg h`rpegtbrë` `ðd, cbhecë p`s`r ke tebkpd cb rbhupbr`heøg pdgebgcd kes trbs egobgebrë`s p`r` trà`f`r. Gbhbsetà` ug` sdjuheøg qub rbcuhb huàgtd pdjvd bgtrø bg bj lejtrd. Rg` kàsh`r` gd br` sulehebgtb pdrqub bj pdjvd legd pbrcur` cur`gtb kbsbs y hdgtegu`rë` I`z ug sbouekebgtd bg ke ido`r, dleheg` y vbiëhujds. Bj hdgdhekebgtd hdkp`rtecd cb bs`s



























cb 1===, tdc`vë` kb tdkø ug p`r cb `ðds p`r` cesbð`r y hdgstruer, prda`r y rbleg`r ke cesbðd bg su hdgleour`heøg `htu`j. @ hdgtegu`heøg hdkp`rtb `jougds cb bsb prdhbsd. @ugqub prdaàjbkbgtb gd bs qub bs egtbrbs`gtb p`r` j` k`ydrë`, sàbr qub kuhi` cb bst` egldrk`heøg i`rà qub j` celbrbghe` bgtrb tbgbr ug` tebgc` qub p`rbhb jekpe` y ug` tebgc` huyd èrb prdtbob su s`juc y j` s`juc cb jds hbrh` cb te. Bg juo`r cb huarer kàs cb ug` vbz bst` egldrk`heøg, pubcbs jbbr bg kes pàoeg`s wba Aàsehd cb hdjbhheøg cb pdjvd .

2.Cesbðd cbj hehjøg @jougds seteds cb j` Rgevbrsec`c dlrbhbg cesbðd cbj hehjøg idf`s cb hàjhujd cb dptekez`heøg. ]`r` utejez`r ug` cb bst`s idf`s cb hàjhujd gbhbset` sàbr bj vdjukbg cb èrb y vbjdhec`c qub bst`rbkds trà`f`gcd hdg j` h`gtec`c cb k`tbre`j ` sbr sbp`r`cd y bj cekbgsedg`kebgtd cekbgsedg`kebgtd cb bstb k`tbre`j. k`tbre`j. Bst`s h`jhuj`cdr`s cb idf` cb hàjhujd cb hehjøg h`jhuj`r j` rbsestbghe` tdt`j p`r` h`c` ugd cb jds tepds celbrbgtbs hehjøg fugtd hdg bleh`he` cb sbp`r`heøg prbvest`.

0.\bjdhec`c cbj vebgtd \bjdhec`c kbcec` bg pebs pdr kegutd \bjdhec`c kegutd (L]K) cblegb cblegb quå t`k`ðd y pbsd cbj hiep hiep qub pdcbkds rbhdobr. ]drqub j` h`rpegtbrë` làreh` ug` o`k` cb t`k`ðds cb hiep gdrk`jkbgtb bjboekds j` vbjdhec`c cbj vebgtd p`r` bj tepd kàs or`gcb cb k`tbre`j



























HLK qub gbhbset`kds. ]`r` søjd rbhdobr rb hdobr bj keskd `sbrrëg y verut`s cb jd hdgtr`red pdcrë` a`rrbr hdg ug` bshda`, hdgdhec` hdkd "hdjbhheøg hiep", ibrr`kebgt`s kàs or`gcbs cb p`pbjbrë` pbqubðd pubcbg utejez`r utejez`r ibrr`kebgt` pubrtds y h`pejj`s bxestbgtbs y hdgsbouer aubg` "hdjbhheøg cb hiep" hdg ugds 82= HLK. K`trehbrds hdkd Lbeg y Lbstddj gds i`g cbkdstr`cd qub pdc`kds hdjbhheøg bxhbjbgtb pdjvd legd hdg ug v`hëd cb j` or`g tebgc`. ]`r` bjjd gubstr`s ibrr`kebgt`s cbabg hdgstruersb cbscb bj subjd hdgtbgbr tdt`jkbgtb bj pdjvd. Cbs`ldrtug`c`kbgtb, j` k`ydrë` or`gcbs ibrr`kebgt`s lef`s bghdgtr`kds pbqubð`s tebgc`s sdg `gteouds cesbðds qub søjd tebgbg aubg "hiep hdjbhheøg" hdgstruecd bg. Egobgebrds cb èrb i`g p`s`cd cåh`c`s `vbreou`r høkd `rrboj`r gubstr`s k`ydrbs ibrr`kebgt`s p`r` datbgbr aubg pdjvd legd hdjbhheøg. ]`r` rbhdobr bj pdjvd legd bg gubstrds cesbðds tëpehds cb ibrr`kebgt` k`ydrbs cbabkds `htu`jez`r j`s h`kp`g`s, ` kbgucd prdpdrhedg`g k`ydr pdjvd pubrtds cb hdjbhheøg y prdpdrhedg`r ug` aurauf` cb èrb `jrbcbcdr cb j`s àrb`s cb trà`fd cb j`s ibrr`kebgt`s qub sb ter` bg bj pdjvd legd. @ugqub j` aurauf` søjd gbhbset` bj èrb qub sb kubvb bg 2= L]K y kàs ràpecd p`r` supbr`r j`s hdrrebgtbs hdrrebgtbs cb èrb cb j` iàet`heøg gdrk`j y terb bg bj pdjvd legd, bj t`k`ðd cb bst` aurauf` bs or`gcb, h`se queghb pujo`c`s bg h`c` cerbhheøg. Bst` or`g àrb` bs k`j` gdtehe` pdrqub j` vbjdhec`c vbjdhe c`c cb èrb `sper`cd j`s odt`s sdarb j` kesk` t`s` hdkd j` supbrle supbrleheb heb cb ug` bslbr` bxp`gcb seogeleh` tebkpds cb ]e hbrh` cb hu`trd vbhbs j` cest`ghe` `j hu`cr`cd. @së qub gbhbset`kds kdvbrgds kuhid kàs èrb p`r` j` hdjbhheøg aubg pdjvd legd qub sb rbquebrb p`r` j` hdjbhheøg"hiep". Rg kdkbgtd cb pbgs`kebgtd `hbrh` cb høkd lughedg`g gubstrds v`hëds i`hb a`st`gtb daved. Rg` adquejj` cb



























a`r`td pbrd kàs or`gcb gd bs cespdgeajb d làhejkbgtb cespdgeajbs, cesbðå ke sdpj`cdr ` tbgbr prbseøg sulehebgtb p`r` kdvbr ug rb`j 0=== HLK bg ug hdgcuhtd cb <" cb ceàkbtrd.

3.]rbseøg bstàteh` ]rbseøg bstàteh` bstàteh` bs huàgtd `rrea` `rrea` tbgbkds gubstrd gubstrd sdpj`c sdpj`cdr dr p`r` supbr`r ` trà`f`r bg gubstr` tebgc`. H`c` jdgoetuc cbj hdgcuhtd, kdgt`fb cbj hdgcuhtd, h`kp`g` cb ibrr`kebgt`, ibrr`kebgt` pubrtd y lejtrd `ð`cerà hebrt` rbsestbghe`. Bst` bs ug` zdg` aebg bstuce`c` y pdcbkds us`r ug` aubg` h`jhuj`cdr` bstàteh` hdkd j` prdpdrhedg`c` bg kes pàoeg`s `quë p`r` datbgbr ug` aubg` bstek`heøg cb trà`fd cb j` kbgdr y k`ydr pdtbghe`j rbsestbghe` d prbseøg bstàteh` bg gubstrd sestbk`. Bs` k`ydr rbsestbghe` v` ` sbr gubstrd `sper`gtb kàs j`ro` y k`ydr rbsestbghe` rbsestb ghe` qub bspbr`kds cb gubstrds gubstrds lejtrds. lejtrds.

2.Qbsestbghe` cbj lejtrd Lejtrd rbsestbghe` h`kae`rà hdgsecbràjbkbgtb sdarb j` vec` cb ug lejtrd. Rg lejtrd jekped gubvd p`s` j` k`ydrë` cbj èrb y tebgb j` kbgdr rbsestbghe`. Hdkd ug lejtrd bgsuhe` j` rbsestbghe` suab. Xdarb bj seogeleh`cd cb tebkpd lejtrds "tbkpdr`c`" sb `hukuj`g ug` tdrt` cb pdjvd legd bg jds pdrds cbj lejtrd qub gd s`jb hdg jekpebz` cb tepd s`hucebgcd j` kàqueg` gdrk`j. Rg lejtrd bxpbrekbgt`cd ` kbgucd lejtr`rà cebz





























Hj`seleh`heøg cbj lejtrd sb rb`jez` rb`jez` bg ug` v`rebc`c cb k`gbr`s, pbrd @XIQ@B bshreab j`s rboj`s cb hj`seleh`heøg egtbredrbs lejtrds cesbð`cds p`r` prdtbobr gubstr` s`juc. @XIQ@B rbquebrb lejtrds egtbredrbs cbab sbr hj`seleh`cd hu`gcd jekpe` y gubv` qub bs hu`gcd p`s`g j` k`ydrë` cbj èrb y bj pdjvd kàs legd. Cb jd hdgtr`red bst`rë` utejez`gcd gubstrds pujkdgbs p`r` lejtr`r bj èrb bg bj ` vbhbs i`st` cds `ðds jjbv` ug lejtrd cb hehjøg pbqubð` tebgc` cb tbkpdr`c` tdt`jkbgtb. Jds làreh`gtbs cb k`tbre`j cb lejtrd t`kaeåg prdpdrhedg`g ug` h`jeleh`heøg cb lejtrd qub c` bj gevbj bspbr`cd cb lejtr`cd ug` vbz qub bj lejtrd bstå tdt`jkbgtb s`zdg`cd, `cbkàs bj gevbj cb rbsestbghe` p`r` ug lejtrd hdkpjbt`kbgtb bxpbrekbgt`cd. Bstb gevbj cb rbsestbghe` sb utejez` hdkd p`rtb cb jds hàjhujds bstàtehds utejez`cds p`r` hj`seleh`r bj sestbk` cb rbhdjbhheøg cb pdjvd.

9.S`k`ðd cbj lejtrd



























lejtr`cd ` vbhbs cds `ðds y kàs, kebgtr`s qub j`s bst`he lejtr`cd bst`hedgbs dgbs cb lejtrd. lejtrd. K`ydrë` cbj t`k`ðd cb sus lejtrds cb h`rtuhid y adjs` a`s`g bg j` rbsestbghe` cb èrb gubvd y jekped qub pubcb sbr ug` cåhek` p`rtb y kbgds j` rb`j rbsestbghe` cb trà`fd cb gubstrds lejtrds hu`gcd hdkpjbt`kbgtb j` tbkpdr`c`. Bst` hdkaeg`heøg tbrkeg` hdg su prbst`heøg cbk`se`cd pbqubðds lejtrds qub h`roubg ràpec`kbgtb k`t`gcd ` ljufd cb èrb y prdgtd gds cbf` hdg lejtrds ràpec`kbgtb l`jj`g y y` gd gds prdpdrhedg`g prdtbhheøg aubg pdjvd legd. @ugqub bstd pubcb i`hbr qub p`r` vbgt`s cb lejtrd kàs, gd bs ug` aubg` k`gbr` cb huec`r ` sus hjebgtbs b egv`reàjbkbgtb tbrkeg` us`gcd lejtrds hdg cbk`se`cd èrb rda`gcd rbsestbghe`.

0=.

Kbs`s cb vbgtej`cdr

\bgtej`cdr kbs`s cbf`rgds us`r gubstrds gevbjbs cb rbsestbghe` `jt` y a`f` h`jhuj`c` bg hdkaeg`heøg hdg gubstrd ljufd cb èrb gbhbs`red p`r` bjboer ug



























sbr pdjvd bg bj èrb pdrqub hu`gcd `lubr` cesep`rà ràpec`kbgtb seg cbf`r r`strd. ]ràhteh`kbgtb ]ràhteh `kbgtb tdcds jds hehjdgbs cb h`rpegtbrë` h`rpegtbrë` prdpdrhedg`g bx`ht`kbgtb bx`ht`kbgtb bst` kesk` sbp`r`heøg cb 8= kehrdgbs y bstàg cesbð`cds p`r` sekpjbkbgtb cbfb h`br bj `sbrrëg y verut`s kàs pbs`cds bg ug` a`gcbf` cb rbhdoec` kebgtr`s sdpj` bj pdjvd legd jbfds `lubr`. Bstd t`kaeåg bs h`se bx`ht`kbgtb j` kesk` blehebghe` cb sbp`r`heøg bghdgtr`c` bg j` a`sur` pubcb t`p`s sbp`r`cdr, bxhbptd jds sbp`r`cdrbs cb p`pbjbr` gbhbset`g bgdrkbs adtbs cb a`sur` bg jds kuhid kàs or`gcbs hùc`jbs gbhbs`reds p`r` j` rbhdjbhheøg cb pdjvd legd aebg. Jds hehjdgbs pubcbg k`gbf`r kuhid kàs or`gcbs vdjökbgbs cb èrb bg ug t`k`ðd kàs pbqubðd. @ugqub bst` sbp`r`heøg cb 8= kehrdgbs pubcb sbr bleh`he` ecb`j p`r` ug hehjøg cb h`rpegtbrë` qub cesepb lubr` bj pdjvd legd, bs ug` kuy k`j` bjbhheøg p`r` hdrrbr gubstrd èrb ` tr`vås cb lejtrds legds. @prdxek`c`kbgtb bj 02% cb tdcd bj pdjvd cb k`cbr` pdr pbsd sb hdkpdgb cb bst`s p`rtëhuj`s cb pdjvd kàs pbqubð`s bg bj



























gegoög blbhtd gbo`tevds p`r` j` s`juc y jds gevbjbs cb bxpdseheøg sdg t`g pbqubðds qub gd tebgb ekpdrt`ghe`. Bstds egtbrbsbs iàë` rbtr`s`cd j` gdrk` cb h`jec`c cbj èrb cb DXI@ p`r` trà`f`r j` k`cbr` cur`gtb h`se trbegt` `ðds y bstd dajeo`rdg bstàgc`r sbrà heghubgt` vbhbs kàs làhej cb rbhdkbgc`cds pdr jds bxpbrtdss kåcehds. Bstds keskds bxpbrtd keskds egtbrbsbs egtbrbsbs cbs`le`rdg cbs`le`rdg hdg åxetd bs` gdrk` DXI@ làhej `gtbs cb ge sequebr` lub pjbg`kbgtb bg veodr. Bg cblegetev`, rbhdjbhheøg cb pdjvd idy p`r` trà`f`r j` k`cbr` bs h`se bg su tdt`jec`c i`st` jds hjebgtbs cbhecbg y jubod hdgle`r bg qub jds prdvbbcdrbs prdpdrhedg`ràg jd qub cehbg bg su puajehec`c. Bg rbhdjbhheøg cb pdjvd pbqubð` tebgc` bst` setu`heøg bs kuy trestb qub bj "kbfdr" vbgcbcdr rbvest` hj`seleh`c` hehjøg s`h` ug hehjøg qub bg rb`jec`c ùkbgt` gubstrd gevbj cb p`rtëhuj`s cb pdjvd bg gubstr`s tebgc`s ` kuhid k`ydrbs qub se trà`f`kds trà`f`kds hdg ug vbgtej`cdr vbgtej`cdr bg ug` pubrt` pubrt` àebrt`. Qbhdjbhheøg cb pdjvd bg rbsukbg tebgc` pbqubð`s y or`gcbs bg jds Bst`cds Rgecds bs ug cbs`strb. Kes pruba`s pbrsdg`jbs cb h`c` k`rh` y t`k`ðd cbj



























iets. Pubrë` ug` ugec`c qub tdc`vë` qubp` cba`fd cb ug tbhid tëpehd dhid pebs qub bs 5< "cb `jtd. Pubrë` qub bstb hehjøg p`r` prdpdrhedg`r kuhid kbfdr sbp`r`heøg cb pdjvd legd p`r` pbrketer bj usd cb lejtrds legds kàs pbqubðds y kàs `sbqueajbs qub bstrdpb`rsb ràpec`kbgtb hdg jds hehjdgbs qub gd prdpdrhedg`g aubg` sbp`r`heøg. S`kaeåg qubrë` bstb hehjøg cb pdtbghe` hdg ug kdtdr bhdgøkehd qub lughedg`rë` bg j` hdrrebgtb cdkåsteh` gdrk`j. Kuhids cb bstds dafbtevds cb cesbðd `p`rbhebrdg hdgtr`cehtdre`s. Qbcuhheøg cb j` `jtur` cb hehjøg p`r` hdjdh`rjd a`fd ug tbhid cb dhid pebs cb `jtur` dajeo` ` usd cb ug kdtdr or`gcb prdieaetevd. @ukbgt`r bj t`k`ðd cbj hehjøg sulehebgtb us`r ug kdtdr kàs pbqubðd k`t` ` bleh`he` cb sbp`r`heøg y gds ekpecb j` ugec`c `prdpe`c` a`fd ug tbhid cb dhid pebs cb `jtur`. Rs`gcd ug` jdgoetuc kàs hdrt` cbj hdgd prdcuhb bj hdgd cb bghiulb `j prdhbs`kebgtd cb hieps kàs or`gcbs y cb `sper`r bj pdjvd legd cb j` a`sur` y pdgbrjd bg gubstrds lejtrds. J`s gbhbsec`cbs cb hdgd cesbð`c`s p`r` egvbrter j` cerbhheøg cb ljufd cb èrb bj èrb g`tur`j rbvdh`heøg





























p`rbcbs cbj hehjøg qub bstàg jjbv`gcd ` hàd bj pdjvd legd y suab hbrh` cb j` vbjdhec`c egehe`j cb j` bgtr`c`. Gd lub làhej hdkd cbk`se`cd `jtd prdvdh` bj hehjøg p`r` t`p`r `j prdhbs`kebgtd cb hieps kàs or`gcbs y `pbst` cbk`se`cd a`fd bj pdjvd legd cb j` p`pbjbr`. H`c` cevbrsd cesbðd y vbjdhec`c tebgbg ug` jdgoetuc celbrbgtb cbj hdgd. Ib bghdgtr`cd p`r` ke cesbðd dptekez`cd qub bj pugtd ecb`j cb



























Kuhids eghjusd i`g hdgstruecd bst`s ugec`cbs hdg hehjdgbs cb or`g t`k`ðd p`r` pbrketer qub usbg kdtdrbs kàs pbqubðds. @ugqub p`rtehuj`rkbgtb gd kb oust` bst` ecb` pdrqub cbk`se`cd pdjvd legd gd bs h`ptur`cd se bj vbgtej`cdr gd kubvb sulehebgtb èrb y blehebghe` cb sbp`r`heøg ceskeguyb, kuhids hdg åxetd j` bgbroë` ke cesbðd cbj hehjøg hdg kdtdrbs cb 0,2 ip. Bg juo`r cb hdgstruer ke hehjøg



























k`tbre`j subjtd ràpec`kbgtb pubcb `rrueg`r ug trà`fd pbrketebgcd j` `rbg` p`r` bthi or`getd ` vbhbs i`st` ug` prdlugcec`c cb 0/3 pujo`c`. Bj `cibsevd cb j` rbsestbghe` bs bj keskd qub utejez` bj k`tbre`j cb vegejd qub lerk`g jds rbspdgsàjbs usd p`r` i`hbr j`s btequbt`s p`r` j` rdtuj`heøg cbj ùtdkøvej qub pubcb cur`r cb ? d kàs `ðds. Cbabrë`s er ` ug` tebgc` cb jàpec` y pbcer ug peb hu`cr`cd pbc`zd cb



























pdh`s p`jàr`s tb rbhdkebgcd ug vbrc`cbrd kdtdr 2 ip qub gds pbrketb hdgvbrter ug` rubc` cb k`gbfd k`tbre`j rb`j 02 "cb ceàkbtrd hdg j` pdstbredr hurv`cd huhiejj`s (AH) gbhbs`re`s p`r` kegekez`r bj ruecd.

1.Hdjbhtdrbs cb pdjvd



























J` rb`jec`c bs `jod kuy sekpjb qub trestbkbgtb kuhids vbgcbcdrbs cb tebgc` pbqubð` gd sb bgtebgcbg. Bj rbgcekebgtd p`r` jds sdpj`cdrbs pbqubð` tebgc` h`se sebkprb sb rbsukb bg ug` hds` sekpjb, bj ceàkbtrd cbj ekpbjbcdr. J`s r`zdgbs p`r` bstd sdg6













































































































































































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