Instructors manual from Linda Null & Julia Lobur boook
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Descripción: Money Matters; Published by the Valencia County News-Bulletin. Copyright 2011
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Chem Chemis istr try y Matt Matter erss for for G.C. G.C.E. E. ‘O’ ‘O’ Leve Levell Less Lesson on Note Notess
Chapter 11
Chapt hapter er 11
Acids and Bases
Answers to Textbook Exercises
Test Yourself 11.1 (page 174) 1. A layer of insoluble insoluble barium barium sulphate sulphate is formed formed from the the initial initial reaction reaction between barium barium and sulphuric acid. This coats the barium and prevent s any further reaction from occurring. 2.
X : copper(II) carbonate; Y : hydrochloric acid; Z : zinc
3. The acid only dissoci dissociates ates into into free free moving moving ions ions nee needed ded for conducti conducting ng electric electricity ity in the aqueous state (i.e. when dissolved in water). (a) Zn(s) + 2H +(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + H2(g) (b) CaCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) → Ca2+(aq) + H2O(g) + CO2(g) 4.
Test Yourself 11.2 (page 179) 1. Zinc Zinc oxid oxide e and and zinc zinc h hydr ydroxi oxide de 2. Poss Possib ible le answ answer ers: s: • Acids turn moist blue litmus paper red while alkalis turn moist red litmus blue. Acids dissociate in water to give H + ions while alkalis dissociate to form OH ions. • Acids react with metals, carbonates and bases but alkalis do not react with metals • (except amphoteric metals), carbonates and bases (except oxides of amphoteric metals). −
3.
Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl
→
MgCl2 + 2H2O
Test Yourself 11.3 (page 183) 1.
Add Add quic quickli klime me (ca (calc lciu ium m oxid oxide) e) or or slak slaked ed lim lime e (cal (calci cium um hydr hydrox oxid ide) e) to to the the soi soil. l.
2.
(a) (a) Lemon Lemon juic juice e conta contain inss citr citric ic acid acid (wea (weak k acid) acid).. It diss dissolv olves es the the carbo carbona nate te but but not the the iron iron cas casin ing g of the kettle. (b) Ethanoic acid (in vinegar) (a) W or Z with either U, V, X or Y (b) Ammonia: W ; Nitric acid: V ; Carbonic acid: Y 3.
Test Yourself 11.4 (page 187) 1. Sulphur Sulphur dioxide, dioxide, nitrogen nitrogen dioxide, dioxide, carbon carbon dioxide dioxide 2. A: amphoteric; B: acidic; C: basic A: e.g. aluminium oxide, Al2O3 B: e.g. phosphorus(V) oxide, P 4O10 C: magnesium oxide, MgO
Chem Chemis istr try y Matt Matter erss for for G.C. G.C.E. E. ‘O’ ‘O’ Leve Levell Less Lesson on Note Notess
Chapt hapter er 11
Exercise 11 (page 191) Foundation 1. B 2. C 6.
3. B
4. C
5. C −
(a) (i) (i)
A soluble soluble base (basic (basic oxide) that produces produces OH ions in aqueous aqueous solution, solution, e.g. sodium sodium hydroxide. (ii) A substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solution, e.g. hydrochloric acid (iii) An acid reacts reacts with a base to form a salt and water. e.g. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) (b) Boron is non-metal. It forms an acidic solution with water. It reacts with alkalis to form a salt and water.
7. (a) True. True. An An alkali alkali is a solubl soluble e base. base. (b) False. Hydrochloric acid is an acid but it does not contain oxygen. (c) False. Ammonia (NH3) contains hydrogen but has a pH greater than 7. (d) True. They contain mobile ions that conduct electricity. 8. (a) (a) Sulp Sulphu hurric aci acid. d. (b) Sulphur dioxide. (c) Calcium hydroxide. (d) Sulphuric acid.
Challenge 1. D (a) Hydrogen ion (H+) and sulphate ion (SO 42–) (b) (i) To speed up the the reaction. (ii) Hydrogen. (iii) Bubbles of gas (effervescence). (c) (i) All the sulphuric sulphuric acid has been used up. (ii) Iron(II) sulphate (iii) Filtration. 2.
(a) 2Mg(s) + O 2(g) → 2MgO(s) (b) It turns moist red litmus paper blue and gives off white fumes with hydrogen chloride.
3.
4. B 5. (a) (a) It is is a str stron onger ger alka alkali. li. (b) Wear gloves to protect skin and goggles to protect eyes. (c) Sodium hydroxide reacts slowly with glass. 6. (a)
Method i) Litmus paper ii) ii) pH indi indica cato torr solution
Advantage Easy to use Easy to use
iii) pH meter
Fast and accurate
Disadvantage Colour change does not show pH The in indicator changes to to ye yellow, th the colour of the lemon juice, therefore it is hard to detect colour change. Needs to be kept clean Can be broken Expensive to buy
(b) A substance in tea (tannin) acts as an indicator indicator and thus changes changes colour when when lemon, which is acidic, is added. (c) With the use use of of chromat chromatograp ography hy
Chem Chemis istr try y Matt Matter erss for for G.C. G.C.E. E. ‘O’ ‘O’ Leve Levell Less Lesson on Note Notess
Chapt hapter er 11
Critical Thinking (page 193) (a) The cake would would not rise properly properly leaving a flat, hard hard cake. There would would be excess acid present present and the food would taste sour. (b) The cake would would taste of excess sodium sodium carbonat carbonate e (salty).
