Mlyu&K|``lqhm
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• Fgmlx Fnqql{u ;?>> • Tn`lmehn Eg|mqx Mlyu&K|``lqhm • N|i|uq ;?, ;?>>
Ilqqhmi xg|{ cg|ulcg`a k|ailq |mal{ egmq{g` hu n dh{uq uqlp Kx Qhddhmh _g{Ql{
Mlyu&K|``lqhm Uqndd Y{hql{ qpg{ql{Omlyu&k|``lqhm-egf Hq‘u `hbl n e|{ul yg{a- Qcl fl{l flm& qhgm gd hq hu lmg|ic qg ulma ugfl plgp`l {|mmhmi nma ue{lnfhmi hmqg nmgqcl{ {ggfK|ailqGB, egfl kneb- N k|ailq hum‘q qcnq knaQcl dneq gd qcl fnqql{ hu qcnq ltl{xgml hu klhmi nddleqla kx qcl u`gy legmgfx nma qchmiu u|ec nu k|ailqu nma uplmahmi p`nmu n{l klegfhmi fg{l mleluun{x nma p{ltn`lmq, ltlm nfgmi qcgul ycg uyg{l qg mltl{ cntl qg `htl kx qclfK|q dg{q|mnql`x, n cg|ulcg`a k|ailq hu uhfp`l qg e{lnql nma enm {ln``x fnbl n ahd& dl{lmel hm qcl ~|n`hqx gd `hdl dg{ ugflgml |uhmi hqDg``gyhmi n k|ailq enm l`hfhmnql qcl uq{luu gd `hthmi pnxecleb qg pnxecleb nma ygmal{hmi cgy qg pnx qcl ullfhmi`x lma& `luu uqneb gd kh``u ph`hmi |p gm qcl mgq&xlq& pnha&dg{ bhqeclm qnk`l‐Qcl{l n{l {ln``x dhtl {lnugmu ycx n cg|ulcg`a k|ailq enm klmldhq n dnfh`x,‖ unha Nmml&Fn{hl Yh`ugm, qcl cgfl leg& mgfheu nilmq nq qcl Mly Flsheg Uqnql \mhtl{uhqx Tn`lmehn Eg|mqx Lsqlmuhgm Gddhel- ‐Dhmnmelu n{l qcl Mg- > ug|{el gd dhicqhmi klqyllm eg|p`lu, nma #n k|ailq( qcl{l hu n aldhmhql mlla dg{ n cg|ulcg`a cl`pu qg {la|el uq{luu gm n dnfh`x k|ailq‐N`ug, yclm xg| cntl n k|ailq, hq cl`pu Ulqqhmi |p n cg|ulcg`a k|ailq enm kl xg| qg bmgy lsneq`x ycl{l xg|{ fgmlx hu nu uhfp`l g{ egfp`ls nu xg| yg|`a `hbl ighmi- Yl uplma fgmlx `ldq nma {hicq, k|q qg fnbl hq- Qcl{l enm kl nmx m|fkl{ gd 5>-3&5< pl{elmq Cg|uhmi #hme`|ahmi |q`hqhlu, qnslu nma fnhmqlmnmel( agm‘q pnx nqqlmqhgm qg ycl{l hq hu n`` ighmienqlig{hlu hm xg|{ k|ailq, k|q fnbl u|{l ‐Yclm xg| altl`gp n k|ailq, hq enm ><-4&;? pl{elmq Dgga qg hme`|al qcl khiiluq lsplmul enqlig{hlu cl`p xg| qg uqn{q n unthmiu, ychec yh`` u|ec nu cg|uhmi, q{nmupg{qnqhgm nma dgga>9&>8 pl{elmq Q{nmupg{qnqhgm #hme`|ahmi hmu|{nmel( gkthg|u`x cl`p yhqc agym pnxflmqu gm Ufn``l{ enqlig{hlu enm hme`|al qchmiu <&9 pl{elmq E`gqchmi nma Ul{thelu n cg|ul g{ tlche`l, g{ lfl{ilmehlu,‖ ucl u|ec nu unthmiu, e`gqchmi, e`gqchmi, {le{lnqhgm, {le{lnqhgm, ihdqu naala- ‐Hq n`ug cl`pu qlnec ech`a{lm dhmnm& nma agmnqhgmu<&8 pl{elmq Cln`qc En{l #hme`|ahmi hmu|{nmel ( ehn` {lupgmuhkh`hqx- Yclm qcl dnfh`x `htlu Kl u|{l qg aluhimnql dhsla lsplmulu 5&4 pl{elmq Lmql{qnhmflmq gm n k|ailq, hq cl`pu bhau `ln{m qcnq qclx d{gf fg{l d`lshk`l gmlu hm qcl k|ailqcntl qg ynhq hm g{al{ qg p|{ecnul qchmiuQcl{l hu fg{l qcnm gml ynx qg fnmnil ;&>? ;&> ? pl{elmq pl{ elmq Unthmiu #hme`|ahmi {lqh{lflmq( ‐Nma qcl `nuq qchmi n k|ailq enm cl`p xg|{ fgmlx gmel xg| cntl alql{fhmla 9&>; pl{elmq N`` gqcl{ lsplmulu yhqc hu qg {la|el qcl alkq yhqchm xg|{ ycl{l hq egflu d{gf nma ycl{l hq iglu cgfl-‖ lnec fgmqcQcl MFU\ Lsqlmuhgm Gddhel cnu ult& Gml ynx hu qg q{neb xg|{ hmegfl nma k|ailq qcnq yh`` yg{b dg{ xg| nma xg|{ neeg|mqla dg{ g{ xg|{ uplmahmi p`nm ygm‘q l{n` gm`hml yg{bucllqu nma i|halu ntnh`& lsplmulu hm n mgqlkggb g{ egfp|ql{ p{g& dnfh`x- Dg{ fg{l hm&alpqc hmuq{|eqhgmu nee|{nql`x {ld`leq xg|{ `hdlnk`l qg yn`b xg| qc{g|ic ltl{x pcnul i{nfNq qcl klihmmhmi gd lnec fgmqc, g{ hmdg{fnqhgm, clna qg qcl ylkuhql flm& Qcl mlsq, nma p{gknk`x fguq ahddhe|`q, gd p`nmmhmi nma uqhebhmi qg n cg|ulcg`a fnbl n qnk`l yhqc ‐Hmegfl‖ gm gml uhal qhgmla nkgtluqlp hu qg `huq n`` gd xg|{ lsplmulu- Qchu k|ailq- Qcl `hmbu enm kl dg|ma nq yyynma ‐Lsplmulu‖ gm qcl gqcl{- @huq n`` xg|{ Qcl dh{uq nma fguq hfpg{qnmq qchmi qg gml enm kl qg|ic hd xg| n{l mgq nee|u& nelu-mfu|-la| nma n{l ntnh`nk`l qg p{hmq lspleqla hmegfl dg{ qcl fgmqc nma n`` ag hu qg alehal gm xg|{ uplmahmi ign`u, qgfla qg neeg|mqhmi dg{ n`` gd xg|{ uplma& nma |ul nq xg|{ egmtlmhlmelqcl k|ailq enqlig{hlu ycl{l xg| lspleq uhmel qclul n{l xg|{ `gmi&ql{f p`nmu nma hmi lnec fgmqcQcl qgpheu {nmil d{gf uqn{qhmi n k|a& n{l qcl qchmiu fguq `hbl`x qg klmldhq d{gf Hq hu kluq qg ag qchu u`gy`x, gtl{ n dly qg uplma fgmlx- Y{hql agym qcl ag``n{ ilq qg {nqhmi xg|{ul`d gm xg|{ p{gi{luu nu xg|{ uqnxhmi gm q{nebfgmqcu, hm g{al{ qg ilq nm nee|{nql pheq|{l nfg|mq xg| lspleq qg uplma hm lnec enq& n fgmlx fnmnil{, nma enm kl dg|ma kx lig{xQchmiu `hbl n dnfh`x tnenqhgm, uplehn` gd xg|{ uplmahmi cnkhque`hebhmi gm ‐lKggbu‖ hm qcl flm| gm qcl Qc{g|icg|q qcl fgmqc, bllp q{neb gd ltlmqu g{ ltlm mly npp`hnmelu enm kl n Bllp {lelhpqu nma enmel``la eclebu hd `ldq uhal gd qcl pniln`` xg|{ lsplmulu nma ala|eq qclf d{gf pn{q gd qchu `huqqcnq cl`pu- Nfg|mqu agm‘q cntl qg kl agym ‐Qcl gm`hml {lug|{elu n{l lnux qg dhma qcl p{gpl{ enqlig{hlu nu qcl fgmqc iglu Kl u|{l qg y{hql agym lsneq`x ycnq qg qcl plmmx, j|uq kl en{ld|` mgq qg dg{ilq nma lnux qg {lna,‖ Yh`ugm unha- ‐N`` qcl kxHd xg| gtl{ uplma hm gml n{ln, q{x qg e|q xg| ynmq, halnu gm cgy qg ilq hq, nma n nmx p|{ecnulu, nma {lflfkl{ qg dneqg{ hm hmdg{fnqhgm gddl{la qc{g|ic qcl lsqlm& agym hm nmgqcl{ qg uqnx yhqchm qcl hmegfl anql kx ychec xg| ynmq qg fllq lnec ign`- ugfl fgmlx dg{ qcl hmlthqnk`l |mlspleqla uhgm gddhel nma qcl gm`hml {lug|{elu n{l xg| cntl `huqlaQcl mlsq uqlp hu qg alql{fhml cgy lsplmuln`` {luln{ec knula- Qcl fnjg{hqx gd qclf Nmgqcl{ gpqhgm hu qg yg{b yhqc enucf|ec fgmlx xg| neq|n``x cntl nma ycl{l Qclm, egfpn{l xg|{ uplmahmi cnkhqu qg n{l y{hqqlm kx uplehn`huqu hm qcnq pn{qhe|`n{ Yclm xg| ilq xg|{ hmegfl dg{ qcl fgmqc, hq egflu d{gf lnec fgmqc- Agm‘q dg{ilq qg xg|{ hmegfln{ln-‖ hme`|al n`` ug|{elu, d{gf jgku qg ech`a u|p& Qchu yh`` `hbl`x kl qcl `hicq k|`k pcxuhen``x ahthal qcl enuc hmqg `nkl`la N dly uhfp`l uqlpu enm ilq xg| uqn{qla pg{q g{ dgga uqnfpu- N`` hmegfl cnu qg kl fgflmq, yclm qcl {ln`hznqhgm chqu qcnq m Ull K|ailq, _nil 9 gm e{lnqhmi nma fnhmqnhmhmi n cg|ulcg`a
Knuhe Uplmahmi I|hal`hmlu
N|i|uq ;?, ;?>> • Tn`lmehn Eg|mqx Mlyu&K|``lqhm • Fgmlx Fnqql{u ;?>> •
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• Fgmlx Fnqql{u ;?>> • Tn`lmehn Eg|mqx Mlyu&K|``lqhm • N|i|uq ;?, ;?>>
Qc{hdqx hu q{lmax nma eg|pgmhmi hu egg` ych`l unthmi fgmlx Kx Qhddhmh _g{Ql{
Mlyu&K|``lqhm Uqndd Y{hql{ qpg{ql{Omlyu&k|``lqhm-egf
N `hqq`l kn{inhm c|mqhmi enm ig n `gmi ynxYhqc ql`lthuhgm ucgyu alahenqla ug`l& `x qg ynqechmi plgp`l p|{ecnul qcg|& unmau gd ag``n{u yg{qc gd i{gel{hlu dg{ !>-88 ilqqhmi fg{l nma fg{l pgp|`n{, unttx ucgpphmi hu ~|heb`x klegfhmi echeN`qcg|ic mgq ltl{xgml enm fnmnil qg alahenql 1?&p`|u cg|{u n yllb qg `huq fnbhmi nma eg|pgm e`hpphmi, fguq ucgppl{u enm u~|llzl hm lmg|ic qhfl qg untl lmg|ic dg{ nq `lnuq nmgqcl{ e|p gd hela egddllEg|pgmu n{l dnuq klegfhmi n uqnp`l dg{ fnmx ucgppl{‘u i{gel{x q{hpu, k|q ltlm yhqcg|q qcl |ul gd eg|pgmu, ugfl ufn{q ucgpphmi enm untl c|ma{lau gm n dnfh`x‘uu fgmqc`x i{gel{x kh``dnfh`x‘ Nmml&Fn{hl Yh`ugm, qcl cgfl leg& mgfheu nilmq nq qcl Mly Flsheg Uqnql \mhtl{uhqx Tn`lmehn Eg|mqx Lsqlmuhgm Gddhel, unha ufn{q ucgpphmi enm fnbl n khi hfpneq gm n dnfh`x‘u k|ailqQcl lsqlmuhgm gddhel cnu ugfl i{lnq {lug|{elu dg{ nmxgml hmql{luqla hm klegfhmi n fg{l fhmad|` ucgppl{, nma enm kl dg|ma nq yyy-nelu-mfu|la| g{ kx uqgpphmi kx qcl gddhel nq 1?1 Eg|{qcg|ul [a- hm @gu @|mnuYh`ugm n`ug unha qcl lsqlmuhgm gddhel cnu n tn{hlqx gd e`nuulu gddl{la qc{g|ic qcl HENM p{gi{nf qcnq enm cl`p ucgp& pl{u fnbl ufn{ql{ k|xu nma uq{lqec qclh{ dgga ag``n{u qc{g|ic ufn{q p{lpn{nqhgmUnthmi fgmlx gm i{gel{hlu fnx qnbl n `hqq`l qhfl nma p`nmm hmi, k|q qcl pnxgdd yh`` kl yl`` yg{qc qcl yg{bUqn{q kx fnbhmi nm hmtlmqg{x gd qcl dggau n`{lnax p{lulmq hm qcl bhqeclm g{ pnmq{x- Qcl{l hu mg mlla q g k|x fg{l gd ugflqchmi n`{lnax hm qcl cgflQclm, p`nm flm|u dg{ qcl lmqh{l yllbQ{x qg fnbl |ul gd qcl hqlfu xg| `huqla hm qcl hmtlmqg{x qg ucg{qlm q cl ucgpphmi `huq ltlm fg{lFnbl n ucgpphmi `huq dg{ qcl {lfnhm&
hmi mleluun{x hqlfu gm qcl flm|, nma dg``gy hq yclm ucgpphmiAg xg|{ kluq qg ntgha qcl hfp|`ul k|xu qcnq uqg{lu `|{l ucgppl{u hmqg p|{& ecnuhmi- Hd hq hum‘q gm xg|{ `huq, hq hum‘q mllala qchu yllbEgfpn{hugm ucgp- Ecleb qcl natl{&
Xln{ [g|ma Neeg|mqhmi Ul{thel $ Qns Cl`p
H‘f cl{l dg{ xg|---
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* Dhmnmehn` Nathug{
• _l{ugmn` Dhmnmehn` _`nmmhmi • [lqh{lflmq _`nmmhmi • F|q|n` D|mau • La|enqhgm D|mahmi
Cgkklu Neeg|mqhmi _-G- Kgs ;9; • _l{n`qn, MF 39?1;
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Eg|pgmhmi: Ucgpphmi yhul`x d{gf _NIL 1
`hbl yyy-eg|pgmu-egf g{ yyy-eg|& pgmfgf-egf, ycl{l qcl uhql yh`` cntl `huqu gd eg|pgmu, un`lu, nma p{gfgqhgmu {l`ltnmq qg ultl{n` ahddl{lmq flq{g n{lnu #hme`|ahmi N`k|~|l{~|l(Qclul uhqlu yh`` cl`p n mlyegfl{ qg qcl eg|pgm yg{`a mnthinql qc{g|ic qcl tnuq n{{nx gd ntnh`nk`l eg|pgmu nma qcl kluq p`nelu qg |ul qclfQcl{l n{l ltlm ugehn` flahn pnilu altgqla qg qcl eg|pgm e{nzx, nma enm kl lsq{lfl`x cl`pd|` yclm gm qcl c|mq dg{ qcl kluq aln`u n {g|maEgmu|fl{u enm ‐`hbl‖ qclh{ dntg{hql k{nmau gm Dnelkggb qg kl nfgmi qcl dh{uq qg dhma g|q nkg|q aln`u nma p{g& fgqhgmu nma dg``gyhmi n egfpnmx gm Qyhqql{ hu nmgqcl{ ynx qg kl hmdg{fla ~|heb`x yclm n aln` hu hmq{ga|elaNmgqcl{ i{lnq qhp hu qg `ggb dg{ nma |ul f|`qhp`l eg|pgmu yclmltl{ pgu& uhk`l- Kx |uhmi qyg #g{ fg{l( eg|pgmu gm gml hqlf, qcl unthmiu enm naa |p ~|heb`x-
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Unthmiu uq{nqlihlu u|ec nu H[N neeg|mqu n{l uqh`` ntnh`nk`l Kx Jnugm Y- K{ggbu
Mlyu&K|``lqhm Uqndd Y{hql{ jk{ggbuOmlyu&k|``lqhm-egf
Ych`l fnmx eg|mqx {luhalmqu cntl qnblm lsq{lfl g{ egfp`he egfp`henqla nqla dhmnmehn` flnu|{lu qg ilq qc{g|ic qcl pnuq dly xln{u, ugfl knuhe knmbhmi gpqhgmu n{l uqh`` |qh`hzla qg untl fgmlxUgfl gd qcgul gpqhgmu n{l unthmiu neeg|mqu nma el{qhdhenqlu gd alpguhqLayn{a N{ec|`lqn, n thel p{luhalmq yhqc FxKnmb, unha qcl{l n{l knmb e|u& qgfl{u ycg uqh`` |ul unthmiu neeg|mqu qg cl`p untl ‐dg{ qcnq {nhmx anx-‖ ‐N `gq dlyl{ plgp`l n{l unthmi kx q{nahqhgmn` flnmu qclul anxu,‖ unha N{ec|`lqn- ‐Nq gml pghmq, ugfl plgp`l yl{l p|qqhmi >? pl{elmq gd qclh{ pnx{g`` hmegfl hmqg unthmiu- Qganx, n `gq gd cg|ulcg`au enm‘q ag qcnq-‖ Cgyltl{, q{nahqhgmn` neeg|mqu nma gqcl{ unthmiu qgg`u n{l uqh`` ntnh`nk`l dg{ knmb e|uqgfl{u q{xhmi qg k|ddl{ qclf& ul`tlu ninhmuq d|q|{l dhmnmehn` natl{& uhqx- Unthmiu neeg|mqu, fgmlx fn{blq neeg|mqu, el{qhdhenqlu gd alpguhq nma H[N neeg|mqu n{l j|uq n dly gd qcl flecnmhufu qcnq n``gy plgp`l qg untl fgmlx‐[nqlu {ld`leq {hub,‖ unha N{ec|`lqn‐Fg{l {hub l~|n`u fg{l {lyn{a, nma ugfl plgp`l n{l {hub&natl{ul- Qcl{l n{l uqh`` `gy&{hub p{ga|equ g|q qcl{l-‖ N{ec|`lqn unha qcl `gnm uhal cnu ecnmila egmuhal{nk`x nu qcl mnqhgm‘u knmbhmi hma|uq{x cnu yhqmluula knh`& g|qu, n`` ug{qu gd an{b legmgfhe mlyu nma {l&ucnphmi ugehg&pg`hqhen` ltlmquCl unha qcl{l n{l fg{l egmu|fl{&p{g& qleqhgm {li|`nqhgmu qcnq cntl fnal hq qg|icl{ dg{ ugfl e|uqgfl{u qg gkqnhm e{lahq, nma unthmiu qgg`u n{l nu f|ec n pn{q gd e{lahq nma `gnmu nu ltl{‐Hd xg| cntl n EA #el{qhd #el{qhd henql gd alpguhq(, xg| enm kg{{gy gm hq,‖ cl unha‐Nma n `gnm pnxflmq enm kl ug{q gd n dg{ela unthmiu hm hqul`d, luplehn``x hd xg| qnbl g|q n `gnm nq n `gy {nql qg pnx ugflqchmi gdd ~|heb`x-‖ N{ec|`lqn unha unthmiu neeg|mq
Jnugm K{ggbu&Mlyu&K|``lqhm pcgqg
LAYN[A N[EC\@LQN, FxKnmb thel p{luhalmq, g|q`hmlu unthmiu qgg`u-
hmql{luq {nqlu cntl kllm mln{ nm n``&qhfl `gy dg{ qcl pnuq dly xln{u- Cgyltl{, qclul neeg|mqu cntl `gmi kllm gml gd qcl undluq ynxu qg ln{m hmql{luq- [lelmq q|{fgh` nfgmi qcl mnqhgm‘u `n{iluq dhmnmehn` ihnmqu `la qg nm hme{lnul hm qcl dlal{n` hmu|{nmel `hf hq qg !;
H[Nu gddl{ n ecnmel qg k|h`a yln`qc kl{u cnu nm nmm|n` pl{elmqnil xhl`a gd yhqcg|q `lmiqcx egffhqflmqu, nma qcl ?-9< pl{elmqe|uqgfl{‘u fgmlx hu qhla |p nma |mnk`l N{ec|`lqn unha qcl fhuqnbl ugfl qg kl |ula d{htg`g|u`x, cl unha plgp`l fnbl hu qg nqqlfpq qg |ul |p N fgmlx fn{blq neeg|mq hmtluqu hm qclh{ unthmiu qg pnx gdd n `gmi `huq gd igtl{mflmq nma eg{pg{nql ule|{hqhlu e{lahqg{u, {nqcl{ qcnm qg fnbl pnx& nma pnxu ahthalmau knula gm e|{{lmq flmqu gm p{hfn{x alkqu u|ec nu cgfl hmql{luq {nqlu hm fgmlx fn{blqu- Qclul fg{qinilu nma tlche`l `gnmuneeg|mqu ugflqhflu pnx ahthalmau ‐Ugfl dg`bu uqn{q ilqqhmi n`` qcl chicl{ qcnm n unthmiu neeg|mq, ug qcl{l pcgml en``u d{gf qcl e{lahq en{a egfpn& hu n u`hicq`x chicl{ {hub hmtg`tlamhlu, nma gqcl{u qcnq n{l gyla fgmlx,‖ Nfgmi mhml fnjg{ knmbu nma e{lahq unha N{ec|`lqn- ‐Qclx pnmhe, qchmbhmi |mhgmu yhqc Tn`lmehn Eg|mqx k{nmeclu, gml |mcnppx en{ g{ cgfl `gnm pl{ugm H[Nu cntl ugfl gd qcl chicluq {lq|{mu- hu klqql{ qcnm >? |mcnppx en{a egfpn& Qcl uhs&fgmqc H[N ntnh`nk`l qg Unmahn m Ull Unthmiu, _nil 9 @nkg{nqg{x Dlal{n` E{lahq \mhgm flf&
N|i|uq ;?, ;?>> • Tn`lmehn Eg|mqx Mlyu&K|``lqhm • Fgmlx Fnqql{u ;?>> •
Unthmiu: Legmgfx d{gf _NIL 4
mhlu, nma ugflqhflu unthmiu ilqu |ula dg{ n`` qcgul alkqu- K|q xg|{ cgfl `gnm hu thlyla nu xg|{ Mg- > p{hg{hqx, nma n `gq gd xg|{ e{lahq {nqhmi {ltg`tlu n{g|ma xg|{ fg{qinil- Fhuuhmi n cg|ul pnx& flmq hu ugflqchmi qg |ul xg|{ unthmiu qg ntgha, hd xg| enm- Tlche`lu n{l Mg;-‖ N{ec|`lqn unha cgflgyml{u n{l hm qcl kluq ucnpl hd qclx enm uqnx hm qclh{ cgflu- Hd qclx cntl unthmiu g{ gqcl{ `h~|ha nuulqu, qcgul ucg|`a kl |ula qg ag ltl{xqchmi pguuhk`l qg bllp d{gf aldn|`qhmi gm n fg{qinilHm dneq, hd n cgflgyml{‘u fg{qinil uhq|nqhgm hu uqh`` nd`gnq, k|q mgq p{gfhu& hmi, {l&dhmnmehmi hu gml gd qcl ‐mgm& q{nahqhgmn`‖ flnmu gd unthmi fgmlx‐Qcl{l‘u mgq n `gq gd qn`b nkg|q {l& dhmnmehmi {hicq mgy,‖ N{ec|`lqn unha‐K|q xg|{ cgfl `gnm enm kl xg|{ fguq tn`|nk`l unthmiu nuulq- Hd xg| ~|n`hdx, xg| enm ilq n `gy&p{hel `hml gd e{lahqUgfl gd qclul qgg`u enm lma |p klhmi qns&ala|eqnk`l-‖ Qcnq aglum‘q flnm cg|uhmi p{helu ygm‘q egmqhm|l qg ale`hml- N{ec|`lqn unha cl‘u cln{a nkg|q ugfl p{gpl{& qhlu dn``hmi nu f|ec nu
K|ailq: Gm q{neb
Unthmiu {nqlu
d{gf _NIL ;
Hm pl{elmqnil pghmqu, `gyluq hmtluqflmq {nmilu |ula knmbu nma e{lahq |mhgmu yhqc Tn`lmehn Eg|mqx k{nmeclu nu gd N|i- 5, ;?>> Unthmiu neeg|mq
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tg`nqh`l,‖ unha N{ec|`lqnQcl thel p{luhalmq gd gml gd qcl eg|mqx‘u fguq thuhk`l knmbu unxu n `gq gd qcl qn`b nkg|q cgy knmbu cntlm‘q kllm `lmahmi, g{ n{lm‘q `lmahmi fgmlx ihtlm qg qclf hm dlal{n` knh`g|qu, fnblu chf nmi{xQcl{l ullfu qg kl nm hfp{luuhgm FxKnmb nma gqcl{ ufn`` Mly Flsheg hmuqhq|qhgmu n{l hm qcl unfl kgnq yhqc ihnmq, yg{`ayhal dhmnmehn` lmqhqhlu, u|ec nu J-_- Fg{inm Ecnul nma Ehqheg{ p‐Fguq knmbu cntl n `gq gd fgmlx,
Uqnx Egmmleqla
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4&fgmqc EA
Ucg{qluq&ql{f H[N
nma qclx ynmq qg `lma hm g|q,‖ cl unha‐Gml gd g|{ {lelmq ign`u ynu qg `lma !>? fh``hgm hm n 5?&anx upnm- K|q qcl e{lahq {l~|h{lflmqu el{qnhm`x n{lm‘q ycnq qclx yl{l hm ;??4 g{ ;??9-‖ N{ec|`lqn unha ugfl gd qcl mnqhgm‘u khiiluq dhmnmehn` fgtl{u nma ucnbl{u n{lm‘q hmtluqhmi hm mly tlmq|{lu {hicq mgy, nma qcl \-U- legmgfx yh`` {ln``x ilq {g``hmi gmel qcnq fgmlx uqn{qu qg ecnmil cnmau‐[hicq mgy, plgp`l yhqc fgmlx n{l ynhqhmi,‖ cl unha-
lmtl`gplu dg{ lnec enqlig{x ycl{l xg| lspleq qg uplma fgmlx- Qclm uhfp`x |ul qcl fgmlx hm qcl eg{{lupgmahmi lmtl`gpl dg{ ycnqltl{ xg| cntl qg k|x g{ pnxXg| enm n`ynxu kg{{gy d{gf gml lmtl& `gpl hd qcl{l hu mgq lmg|ic hm nmgqcl{, k|q kl u|{l qg bllp q{neb gd ycl{l qcl fgmlx hu ighmi g{ xg| fnx lma |p klhmi ucg{q nq qcl lma gd qcl fgmqcNdql{ n eg|p`l gd fgmqcu, xg| ucg|`a kl nk`l qg ull n pnqql{m lfl{ihmi- Hd xg| dhma qcnq qcl lsplmulu n{l egmqhm|n``x fg{l qcnm qcl hmegfl, xg| yh`` cntl qg fnbl ugfl ecnmilu hm qcl ynx qg uplma fgmlxHd qcl{l ullfu qg kl lsq{n nq qcl lma gd lnec fgmqc, fnbl n unthmiu p`nm hmuqlna gd d{htg`g|u`x uplmahmi qcl gtl{nil- Qchu yh`` cl`p xg| uqnx gm q{neb nma {lnec xg|{ uplmahmi ign`u ltlm uggml{Qcl MFU\ Lsqlmuhgm Gddhel hu d|`` gd {lug|{elu qg cl`p xg| gm xg|{ ynx qg klegfhmi n klqql{ fgmlx fnmnil{, nma hu `genqla nq 1?1 Eg|{qcg|ul [a- UL hm @gu @|mnu‐N `gq gd qcl p{gi{nfu yl p{gthal n{l d{ll gd ecn{il ug hq‘u lnux dg{ plgp`l qg neeluu,‖ Yh`ugm unha- ‐Hd qcl{l hu n dll, hq hu tl{x fhmhfn`, nma yl enm p{lqqx f|ec nmuyl{ nmx ~|luqhgmu-‖
Xg|{ Dhmnmelu Nmxycl{l, Nmxqhfl yhqc h_cgml nma Nma{gha Nppu mflde|-g{i'ilqnpp g{ uenm
Hmq{ga|ehmi fgkh`l knmbhmi nppu • Ecleb xg|{ neeg|mq kn`nmel nma chuqg{x • Q{nmudl{ d|mau klqyllm neeg|mqu • _nx kh``u • @genql n k{nmec g{ NQF
Mlyu&K|``lqhm
TN@LMEHN EG\MQX
Dg{ j|uq -55« n egpx, lmjgx qcl egmtlmhlmel gd cgfl al`htl{x ltl{x Ylamluanx nma Unq|{anxYhqc c|ma{lau gd ag``n{u hm eg|pgm unthmiu ltl{x fgmqc, xg|{ ; xln{ u|kue{hpqhgm p{neqhen``x p{neqhen``x pnxu dg{ hqul`d.
En`` 341&119; g{ 34<&9199 qg u|kue{hkl.
9
yyy-mflde|-g{i •
3
• Fgmlx Fnqql{u ;?>> • Tn`lmehn Eg|mqx Mlyu&K|``lqhm • N|i|uq ;?, ;?>>
Luqnk`huchmi e{lahq ln{`x yh`` cl`p xg|{ ueg{l n`gmi qcl ynx Kx J|`hn F- AlmAhmil{
Mlyu&K|``lqhm Uqndd Y{hql{ jalmahmil{Omlyu&k|``lqhm-egf
Qcl{l n{l fnmx fh`luqgmlu hm n xg|mi pl{ugm‘u `hdl: Qclh{ dh{uq bhuu, qclh{ dh{uq en{, enuqhmi qclh{ dh{uq kn``gq nma qcl dh{uq qhfl qclx |qql{ qcl yg{au, ‐Ecn{il hq-‖ Nmxfg{l, hq‘u cn{a qg ilq n{g|ma hm qcl yg{`a yhqcg|q ugfl bhma gd e{lahq, kl hq n `gy`x inu en{a yhqc n !>?? `hfhq g{ n fnjg{ e{lahq en{a yhqc qcg|unmau gd ag``n{u nq xg|{ kleb nma en``Ug, j|uq ycnq hu e{lahq7 Qcl uhfp`l nmuyl{, neeg{ahmi qg @gu @|mnu fg{qinil knmbl{ All Qgf`hmugm, hu hq‘u n `gnm‐E{lahq hu fgmlx xg|‘{l kg{{gyhmi,‖ Qgf`hmugm Qg f`hmugm unhaQcnq f|ec hu p{lqqx knuhe- K|q ycl{l hq ilqu q{hebx hu bmgyhmi cgy xg| ilq e{lahq nma cgy nma ycx xg| mlla qg |ul hq p{gpl{`x- Gml gd qcl khiiluq g|qegflu gd cnthmi e{lahq, kluhalu ilqqhmi qchmiu mgy qcnq xg| pnx dg{ `nql{, hu xg|{ e{lahq ueg{l‐Xg|{ e{lahq ueg{l hu n m|fkl{ qcnq {ld`lequ xg|{ e{lahq yg{qchmluu,‖ Qgf`hmugm unha- ‐Qcnq m|fkl{ ucgyu cgy {hubx xg| n{l d{gf nm hmtluqflmq uqnmapghmq- Qclx ynmq qg `gnm g|q fgmlx yhqc qcl bmgy`lail qcnq qclx yh`` ilq pnha kneb-‖ N pl{ugm‘u pl{ugm‘u e{lahq ueg{l hu alql{fhmla kx ultl{n` dneqg{u, hme`|ahmi cgy yl`` xg| fnbl fgmqc`x pnxflmqu, cgy f|ec gd xg|{ `hmlu gd e{lahq xg| n{l |uhmi nma cgy g`a qcgul `hmlu gd e{lahq n {l‐Gd qcgul, qcl fguq hfpg{qnmq hu gm qhfl fgmqc`x pnxflmqu,‖ ucl unha- ‐N fhuqnbl xg|mi plgp`l fnbl hu qchmbhmi pnxhmi ltl{x gqcl{ fgmqc hu GB‐Nmx qhfl xg| n{l 5? anxu pnuq a|l, xg| n{l anfnihmi xg|{ e{lahq ueg{l-‖ Qgf`hmugm unha xg|{ e{lahq ueg{l enm flnm qcl ahddl{lmel klqyllm klhmi nk`l qg kg{{gy !>?,??? nma !>,???- Hq n`ug alql{fhmlu cgy f|ec hmql{luq xg| n{l ighmi qg pnx kneb gm qcnq `gnmUcl ihtlu nm lsnfp`l gd qyg plgp`l q{xhmi qg kg{{gy !>??,??? qg k|x n cg|ul ‑ gml yhqc n e{lahq ueg{l gd 4;? nma qcl ulegma yhqc 9;?‐Xg|{ ueg{l alql{fhmlu qcl eguq gd xg|{ e{lahq- Qcl ahddl{lmel hm qcl hmql{& luq {nql enm kl nu f|ec nu n d|`` pl{elmqHq fnblu qcl ahddl{lmel gd yclqcl{ xg| pnx < pl{elmq g{ 4 pl{elmq,‖ Qgf`hmugm unha@ggbhmi nq n 5? xln{, !>??,??? `gnm, nm hmql{luq {nql gd < pl{elmq hu n pnxflmq gd !<59 pl{ fgmqc- Nq 4 pl{elmq hq‘u !4?? pl{ fgmqcYch`l qcnq fhicq gm`x kl n ahddl{lmel gd !45 n fgmqc, gtl{ n xln{ hq enm eguq xg| nmgqcl{ !9<4 g{ !;;,43? gtl{ qcl `hdl gd qcl `gnm‐N en{ `gnm, e{lahq en{au, qclx n`` |ul xg|{ e{lahq ueg{l qg alql{fhml xg|{
All Qgf`hmugm
Fg{qinil k{gbl{
hmql{luq {nql,‖ ucl unha- ‐Ltlm ugfl hmu|{nmel egfpnmhlu cntl uqn{qla `ggb& hmi nq e{lahq ueg{lu nma knuhmi qclh{ p{lfh|fu nma {nqlu gm qcnq-‖ Gmel n pl{ugm chqu >3, qclx enm gplm gd xg|{ jgk chuqg{x,‖ Qgf`hmugm unha- ‐Hd Ug yhqc qcl p{gupleq gd pnxhmi fg{l n `hml gd e{lahq nma kl cl`a {lupgmuhk`l xg| ecnmil h ma|uq{hlu egfp`lql`x, egfp`lql`x, `lma& dg{ kna e{lahq, ycx ltlm cntl hq nq n`` gml dg{ qcl ecn{ilul{u `hbl qg ull uqnk`l hmegfl dg{ n xln{fhicq nubNma dh mahmi e{lahq gddl{u |u|n``x hum‘q Qclx ynmq qg bmgy hd xg| n{l gm qlf& Qgf`hmugm pghmqu g|q qcnq‘u qcl ynx n p{gk`lf pg{n{x g{ p{gknqhgmn{x uqnq|u nq qcl mly qcl yg{`a yg{bu mgy‐\u|n``x {hicq ndql{ xg| q| {m >3, xg| jgk- Hd qcl{l n{l mg inpu, mg p{gk`lf, ‐\m`luu xg| cntl enuc gm cnma qg yh`` uqn{q ilqqhmi gddl{u hm qcl fnh`,‖ qclx |u|n``x j|uq ynmq qcl dh{uq pnx uq|k-‖ k|x n cg|ul g{ n en{, xg| mlla e{lahq,‖ Qgf`hmugm unha- ‐Qcnq‘u uggm lmg|ic N `lmal{ n`ug nmn`xzlu xg|{ hmegfl ucl unha- ‐Knmbu n{l `ggbhmi ndql{ qclh{ qg gplm n ufn`` `hml gd e{lahq- Uqn{q yhqc tl{u|u xg|{ g|qighmi alkq, Qgf`hmugm fgmlx nma qclh{ kluq hmql{luq- Qclx ynmq gml, uqn{q ufn`` nma bllp pnha agym- unha, luplehn``x dg{ khi `gnmuqg ilq pnha kneb-‖ Ndql{ n xln{ g{ ug, egmuhal{ nmgqcl{ `hml‐Qclx fnbl nm nuuluuflmq gd cgy K|q kldg{l xg| enm ltlm qchmb nkg|q Fnxkl n ufn`` en{ `gnm-‖ f|ec xg| enm nddg{a qg uplma gm ugfl& ycnq xg|{ e{lahq ueg{l hu, xg| cntl qg Qgf`hmugm unha ucl cnu cl`pla ugfl qchmi `hbl n cg|ul g{ n en{,‖ ucl unha- ‐H luqnk`huc e{lahq dh{uq- Qcl igga mlyu >8& nma ;?&xln{&g`au ilq hmqg n cgfl, ull n `gq gd dh{uq&qhfl k|xl{u fnbl qcl hu, ltl{xgml uqn{qu nq qcl unfl p`nel ‑ k|q qcgul yl{l xg|mi plgp`l yhqc n `gmi fhuqnbl gd ilqqhmi n en{ qclm qcl cg|ulzl{gyg{b nma e{lahq c huqg{xYhqc n !4, Qgf`hmugm unha xg| enm egmuhuqlmq hmegfl ahfhmhuclu qcl nkh`hqx unha kl naala nu n uhiml{ gm n en{a g{ gplm qg fnbl pnxflmqu,‖ ucl unha‐Xg| enm |u|n``x ilq n `lqql{ unxhmi xg|{ gym `hml gd e{lahq- K|q nq qcnq nil, Nm lselpqhgm qg nm lfp`gxflmq inp qcnq xg| cntl cna >; fgmqcu gd igga qcl pl{ugm hu mgq `hnk`l dg{ qcl ecn{ilu ‑ hu q{nhmhmi dg{ qcl jgk xg|‘{l xg|‘{l mly nq pnxflmqu- Hd xg| cntl n zl{g ueg{l, qcl p{hfn{x en{a cg`al{ hu {lupgmuhk`l‐Qcnq qhfl hm uecgg` eg|mqu nu pn{q xg|‘{l uqh`` k|h`ahmi-‖
N|i|uq ;?, ;?>> • Tn`lmehn Eg|mqx Mlyu&K|``lqhm • Fgmlx Fnqql{u ;?>> •
Neeg|mqu {lpg{qla qg e{lahq k|{ln|u
Neeg|mqu mgq {lpg{qla qg e{lahq k|{ln|u
Fg{qinil pnxflmqu
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En{ `gnmu
Hmu|{nmel
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