Chapter 4 (Some Important Terms)

HMNVTCR ‘ 4 XKEC IEVKRTN@T TCREX

Hmnptcr ‘4 Xkec Iepkrtn`t Tcres Cxcrhisc -4

N`swcr > Givc`<>. 2. 8. 4.

Oc`gtm kj tmc vcssco Brcntm kj tmc vcssco Oigmt drnjt Oknd drnjt

5 >26e 5 >3e 5 4e 5 9.=e

RD kj XW 5 >.623

9.=e

4e

>3e >26e

RD kj XW

5 >.623

RD kj kj XW

5 Oigmt Disponhcec`t S`dcrwntcr Zkouec nt oigmt drnjt

RD kj XW

5 Oigmt Disponhcec`t O * B * Oigmt Drnjt

>.623

5 Oigmt Disponhcec`t >26 * >3 * 4

>.623 * >26 * >3 * 4

5 Oigmt Disponhcec`t

78=6 t


RD kj XW

5 Oknd Disponhcec`t S`dcrwntcr Zkouec nt oknd drnjt

RD kj XW

5 Oknd Disponhcec`t O * B * Oknd drnjt Vngc > kj >>

HMNVTCR ‘ 4 XKEC IEVKRTN@T TCREX >.623

5 Oknd Disponhcec`t >26 * >3 * 9.=

>=6=> t

5 Oknd disponhcec`t

DWT

5 Oknd disponhcec`t ‘ Oigmt Disponhcec`t

DWT

5 >=6=>t ‘ 78=6t

DWT

5 >676> t

>. Oigmt disponhcec`t is 78=6t 2. Oknd disponhcec`t is >=6=>t 8. DWT is >676>t

N`swcr 2 Givc`<>. 2. 8. 4. 3.

Oc`gtm kj vcssco Brcntm kj vcssco Vrcsc`t drnjt Oigmt drnjt Oknd drnjt

5 >66e 5 >4e 5 7.:e 5 8.:e 5 =.3e

RD kj XW 5 >.623

>4e Oknd Drnjt 8.3e Drnjt 7.:e

Oigmt Drnjt

8.:e >66e

RD kj XW

5 Vrcsc`t Disponhcec`t S`dcrwntcr vkouec nt prcsc`t drnjt

RD kj XW

5

Vrcsc`t Disponhcec`t O * B * Vrcsc`t drnjt

>.623

5

Vrcsc`t Disponhcec`t >66 * >4 * 7.: Vngc 2 kj >>

HMNVTCR ‘ 4 XKEC IEVKRTN@T TCREX >.623 * >66 * >4 * 7.: 5 Vrcsc`t Vrcsc`t Disponhcec`t

>696:t

5 Vrcsc`t Disponhcec`t

RD kj XW

5

RD kj XW

5

>.623

5 Oigmt Disponhcec`t >66 * >4 * 8.:

Oigmt Disponhcec`t S`dcrwntcr Zkouec nt oigmt drnjt Oigmt Disponhcec`t O * B * Oigmt Drnjt

>.623 * >66 * >4 * 8.: 5 Oigmt Disponhcec`t

3>:: t


DWT Nbknrd

5 Vrcsc`t Disponhcec`t ‘ Oigmt disponhcec`t disponhcec`t

DWT Nbknrd

5 >696:t ‘ 3>::t

DWT Nbknrd

5 3746 t

RD kj XW

5 Oknd Disponhcec`t S`dcrwntcr Zkouec nt oknd drnjt

RD kj XW

5 Oknd Disponhcec`t O * B * Oknd Drnjt

>.623

5 Oknd Disponhcec`t >66 * >4 * =.3

>.623 * >66 * >4 * =.3 5 Oknd Disponhcec`t

>2>97.3t

5 Oknd Disponhcec`t

DWT nvnionboc

5 Oknd Disponhcec`t ‘ Vrcsc`t Disponhcec`t

DWT nvnionboc

5 >2>97.3t ‘ >696:t

DWT nvnionboc

5 >29>.3t

>. Vrcsc`t Disponhcec`t is >696:t 2. DWT nbknrd is 3746 t 8. DWT nvnionboc is >29>.3t

Vngc 8 kj >>


N`swcr 8 Givc`<>. 2. 8. 4.

Oc`gtm kj smip Brcntm kj smip Hw RD kj wntcr

5 266e 5 26e 5 6.= 5 >.6>3

Hw 5 6.=

26e

266e

TVH nt JW

5 O * B * Hw * RDJW >66

TVH nt JW

5 266 * 26 * 6.= * > >66

TVH nt JW

5 82t/he

TVH nt DW

5 O * B * Hw * RDDW >66

TVH nt DW

5 266 * 26 * 6.= * >.6>3 >66

TVH nt DW

5 82.4=t/he

TVH nt XW

5 O * B * Hw * RDXW >66

TVH nt XW

5 266 * 26 * 6.= * >.623 >66

TVH nt XW

5 82.=t/he

>. TVH nt JW is 82t/he 2. TVH nt DW is 82.4=t/he 8. TVH nt XW is 82.=t/he

Vngc 4 kj >>


N`swcr 4 Givc`<>. Diec`sik`s kj tnà 2. Bokha hkcjjihic`t (HB) 8. RD kj juco kio

5 26e * >6.3e * >e 5 6.=2 5 6.93

>e

>6.3 e

HB 5 6.=2 26 e Zkouec kj tnà 5 O * B * M *HB Zkouec kj tnà 5 26 * >6.3 * > * 6.=2

Zkouec kj tnà 5 >72.2 e

8

RD juco kio

5 Enss kj juco kio Zkouec kj tnà

6.93

5 Enss kj juco kio >72.2

>:8.:t

5 Enss kj juco kio

Dkuboc bkttke tnà hn` mkod >:8.:t kj juco kio

N`swcr 3 Givc`<>. 2. 8. 4. 3.

Drnjt kj vcssco Oc`gtm kj vcssco Brcntm kj vcssco Bokha Hkcjjihic`t (HB) Oknd Disponhcec`t

5 =e 5 >>6e 5 >4e 5 6.72 5 >2666t

Vngc 3 kj >>


>4 e

=e

HB 5 6.72 >>6 e S`dcrwntcr Zkouec

5 O * B * Drnjt * HB

S`dcrwntcr Zkouec

5 >>6 * >4 * = * 6.72

S`dcrwntcr Zkouec

5 ==76.4 e

RD kj XW

5 Disponhcec`t kj vcssco S`dcrwntcr Zkouec

>.623

8

5 Disponhcec`t kj vcssco ==76.4

9692.2 t5 Disponhcec`t kj vcssco DWT nvnionboc 5 Oknd Disponhcec`t ‘ Disponhcec`t kj vcssco DWT nvnionboc 5 >2666t ‘ 9692.2 t

DWT nvnionboc 5 2967.= t DWT nvnionboc is 2967.= t

N`swcr : Givc`<>. 2. 8. 4.

Disponhcec`t 5 >4666t Oc`gtm kj vcssco5 >:6e >: 6e Brcntm kj vcssco 5 26e Drnjt 5 :.>e

Vngc : kj >>


26 e

:.> e

>4666 t >:6 e RD kj XW 5 >.623 RD kj XW


>.623

5 >4666 S`dcrwntcr Zkouec

S`dcrwntcr Zkouec

5 >4666 >.623

S`dcrwntcr Zkouec

5 >8:3=.387 e

Bokha Hkcjjihic`t

5 S`dcrwntcr Zkouec O * B * Drnjt

Bokha Hkcjjihic`t

5 >8:3=.387 >:6 * 26 * :.>

Bokha Hkcjjihic`t

5 6.7

8

Bokha Hkcjjihic`t kj tmc vcssco is 6.7

Vngc 7 kj >>


N`swcr 7 Givc`<>. Diec`sik`s kj vcssco 2. Drnjt kj vcssco RD kj XW

5 >=e * 3e * 2e 5 :.>e

5 >.623

>= e

:.> e 2e 3e Tktno Zkouec kj vcssco 5 O * B * M Tktno Zkouec kj vcssco 5 3 * 2 * >=

Tktno Zkouec kj vcssco 5 >=6 e8 Mcigmt 5 Drnjt + Jrccbknrd >=.>e 5 :.>e + Jrccbknrd

>>.6 e 5 Jrccbknrd Jrccbknrd Zkouec nbkvc wntcr ocvco

5 O * B * Jrccbknrd

Zkouec nbkvc wntcr ocvco

5 3 * 2 * >>.9

Zkouec nbkvc wntcr ocvco

5 >>9 e

8

RB%

5 Zkouec nbkvc wntcr ocvco * >66 Tktno Zkouec

RB%

5 >>9 * >66 >=6

RB%

5 ::.>>%

Rcscrvc Bukyn`hc pcrhc`tngc is ::.>>% Vngc = kj >>


N`swcr = Givc`<>. Disponhcec`t kj vcssco 52666t 2. Diec`sik`s kj vcssco 5 36e * >6e * 7e

2666 t

7e

>6 e 36 e

Tktno Zkouec kj vcssco 5 O *B * M Tktno Zkouec kj vcssco 5 36 * >6 * 7 8

Tktno Zkouec kj vcssco 5 8366e RD kj JW


>.666

5 2666 S`dcrwntcr Zkouec

S`dcrwntcr Zkouec

5 2666 >.666

S`dcrwntcr Zkouec

5 2666e8

Zkouec nbkvc wntcr oi`c 5 Tktno vkouec ‘ S`dcrwntcr vkouec 8

8

Zkouec nbkvc wntcr oi`c 5 8366 e ‘ 2666e

Zkouec nbkvc wntcr oi`c 5 >366 e 8 RB%

5 Zkouec nbkvc wntcr oi`c * >66 Tktno Zkouec

RB%

5 42.=:%

Rcscrvc Bukyn`hy is 42.=:%

Vngc 9 kj >>


N`swcr 9 Givc`<>. TVH is XW 2. RD kj DW

TVH nt XW

5 86t/he 5 >.6>=

5 HW* O * B * RDXW >66

86

5 HW * O * B * >.623 >66

86 >.623

5 HW * O * B >66

29.2:= 5 HW * O * B ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (>) >66 TVH nt DW

5 HW* O * B * RDDW >66

TVHDW 5 29.2:= * >.6>=

(HW * O * B 5 29.2:= jrke cquntik` >) >66

TVHDW 5 29.793 t/he TVH nt JW

5 HW* O * B * RDJW >66

TVHDW 5 29.2:= * >.666

(Hw * O * B 5 29.2:= jrke cquntik` >) >66

TVHDW 5 29.2:= t/he

>. TVH nt DW is 29.793t/he 2. TVH nt JW is 29.2:=t/he

N`swcr >6 Givc`<>. 2. 8. 4.

Vrcsc`t Drnjt RD kj DW TVH kj XW Drnjt rcquircd

5 =.2e 5 >.6>6 5 46 t/he 5=.4e

Vngc >6 kj >>


=.4 e =.2 e

RD 5 >.6>6 TVHXW 5 HW * O * B * RD XW >66 46

5 HW * O * B * >.623 >66

46 >.623

5 HW * O * B >66

89.624 5 HW * O * B ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(>) -----------(>) >66 TVHDW 5 HW * O * B * RD DW >66 (HW * O * B 5 89.624 jrke cquntik` >) >66

TVHDW 5 89.624 * >.6>6

TVHDW 5 89.44 t/he Enx pcreissiboc siàngc

5 Drnjt rcquircd ‘ Vrcsc`t Drnjt

Enx pcreissiboc siàngc

5 =.4 ‘ =.2

Enx pcreissiboc siàngc

5 6.2

Hnrgk tk oknd

5 Enx pcreissiboc siàngc * TVH DW

Hnrgk tk oknd

5 6.2 * 89.4>4

Hnrgk tk oknd

5 7==.8t

-k6k-

Vngc >> kj >>

Chapter 4 (Some Important Terms)

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