Cátedra Municipal (Támesis, Antioquia)

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Oæxehzf Ozáhaxds  @umaoa~fk  _u`fzad

 @umaoa~ad he Xæ`esas Kf xaezzf hek sae`~ze ydkyez  Fkofkhe

 GUFM @FZXÀM YÆ_VUEW BAMOF^AÁ

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Amxzdhuooaÿm9-3 Kds ~za`ezds ~djkfhdzes em muesxzfs xaezzfs2-1 Fvuekkds amhàcemfs q su xezzaxdzad1-66 Jfgd muesxzds ~aes+ umf oezæ`aof ~zehd`amfmxe em Xæ`esas66-6: Kds ~exzdckaids7 fvuekkfs zdofs vue bfjkfm6:-6? Xáomaof he ekfjdzfoaÿm he kds ~exzdckaids6?-68 Fkcumds he kds odmvuasxfhdzes es~födkes hek sackd RYk em xaezzfs xf`esamfs68 Kf odkdmawfoaÿm fmxadvueöf+ um iemÿ`emd ~fzf emxzfz em kf `dmxföf65-:6 Xæ`esas q sus iumhfhdzes::-:? Umf buahf+ umf iumhfoaÿm:?-:2 Um ~uejkd `æs em ek ~fasfge:2-?6 Umf yahf ~dkàxaof um baxd iumhfoadmfk?6-?? He ofsezàd f hasxzaxd?8-?5 Amydofmhd um sfoezhdxe?9 Vuezaemhd sez ~uejkd?3-?1+88

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KUA_ OFZKD_ CAZFKHD ZF@ÀZEW Fsesdz he ^zemsf q Od`umaofoadmes

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OFZKD_ @FZAD YEKÆ_VUEW ZF@ÀZEW Amyesxacfoaÿm Basxÿzaof q Xerxds

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OZA_XAFM OF@AKD CFKEFMD DXÆKYFZD Haseöd q Hafczf`foaÿm

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FUCU_XD CAZFKHD D_DZAD

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Odzzeoxdz he ^zuejfs

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CUAKKEZ@D JEXFMOUZ

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Odkeooaÿm idxdczæof  @fzvuexezàf Ek Xfkkez 

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HAZEOXDZ CEMEZFK OFZKD_ @FZAD YEKÆ_VUEW ZF@ÀZEW A@^ZE_AßM CZFIAR Xekáidmd :63 28 2: czfr~f~ekezafNc`fak-od`

He odkdmds f akusxzfhds88-85 Oukxuzf ~dkàxaof em Xæ`esas

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Odmxzf ek eme`acd52-96 Kds ~fxzadxfs96-9? He ~fsvuàm f ~ezaÿhaod9?-91 Um hàf he ydxfoaÿm91-3: Um erxzföd em ofsf3:-38 Um hd`amcd vue se esxfkkf+  jzu`fs+ odsfs q zasfs zasfs 38-33 38-33 Jajkadczfiàf32-31

_e f`f kd vue se odmdoe  _ae`~ze be`ds esouobfhd f kds yaegds heoaz vue sdkf`emxe f`f`ds kd vue odmdoe`ds q+ sa xaemem zfwÿm+ emxdmoes esxf`ds em ek of`amd odzzeoxd oufmhd muesxzd ^kfm he Hesfzzdkkd :>6::>65+ Ehuoæmhdmds ~fzf ek of`jad+ ~zd~dme ek ~zdczf`f ‛Ehuofoaÿm ~ezxamemxe q odmxerxufkawfhf‐+ q od`d umd he sus ~zdqeoxds+ kf ‛66?9 A`~ke`emxfoaÿm he kf Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk+ od`d esxzfxecaf he ~ezxamemoaf‐ Esxf ~za`ezf ofzxakkf he Basxdzaf he kf Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk+ es ek od`aemwd he esxf esxzfxecaf f`dzdsf+ ~dzvue sa jaem ‛f`dz md vuaxf odmdoa`aemxd‐ ek odmdoa`aemxd es meoesfzad ~fzf ek f`dz Hesef`ds ~ues+ vue f`e`ds f muesxzd Xæ`esas+ vue kd odmdwof`ds+ ~fzf vue ke he`ds ek esoföd `ezeoahd em muesxzd semxa`aemxd q+ vue fsà+ muesxzfs fooadmes esxám emof`amfhfs f erfkxfzkd q f ~zdqeoxfzkd Hesef`ds vue muesxzfs fukfs+ jajkadxeofs+ ofkkes+ ~fzvues+ bdcfzes…+ sefm kfs xzajumfs he kf ~ezxamemoaf ehuofxayf+ em kfs vue esxuhae`ds kf `fmezf he odmyezxaz esxds :8? lakÿ`exzds oufhzfhds em Kf xaezzf  ~fzf ek sae`~ze yayaz F `a vuezahd f`acd Ofzkds @fzad Yekæsvuew Zf`àzew+ ek fczfheoa`aemxd hek odzfwÿm ~dz su djzf fofhá`aof hesfzzdkkfhf em esxfs ~æcamfs+ q `as `æs semxahfs iekaoaxfoadmes ~dz sez um xf`esamd vue odmsxzuqe ~fxzaf odm su sfjez F kds he`æs xf`esamds q xf`esamfs ~dz mfoa`aemxd d fhd~oaÿm+ muesxzf ~exaoaÿm ~fzf vue ~emse`ds dxzfs ifoexfs vue mds bfcfm semxaz dzcukkdsds he sez he esxf f`fhf xaezzf+ vue ~zdhuwof`ds odmdoa`aemxds vue mds hem ouemxf he muesxzf zavuewf bàhzaof+ hek ~fasfge erujezfmxe+ he muesxzf jadkdcàf ~zdkàof+ he muesxzf zavuewf ~zeodkd`jamf…+ em m+ he kfs am`emsfs jemhaoadmes vue ofqezdm od`d zfqds em esxf xaezzf he bu`fmds ~foàods-

Xæ`esas+ se~xae`jze he :>6:-

Amxzdhuooaÿm _dm ~dofs kfs amyesxacfoadmes basxÿzaofs hek `umaoa~ad he Xæ`esas vue akusxzem foezof he kf odmidz`foaÿm he muesxzd xezzaxdzad ^dz kd xfmxd+ md bfjaámhdse hesfzzdkkfhd umf f`~kaf ~zdhuooaÿm he xerxds+ es djyad vue esxuhafmxes he mayek jæsaod q umayezsaxfzad+ ~fhzes he if`akaf q kds he`æs seoxdzes he kf sdoaehfh+ ofzeoem+ em czfm `ehahf+ he amidz`foaÿm fofhá`aof ~ezxamemxe vue fjzf kf hasousaÿm sdjze kds ~zamoa~fkes beobds basxdzadczæods fofeoahds em ek `umaoa~ad he Xæ`esas-

 Gusxf`emxe ~dzvue fkcumds he kds zekfxds vue se bfm ~zdhuoahd+ vue md ~fsfm he sez sa`~kes esjdwds+ sdm izuxd he bd`jzes q if`akafs vue bfm beobd ~fzxe he kf odmsdkahfoaÿm hek `umaoa~ad q vue+ ~dz xfmxd+ xaemhem f ofez em kf ifkfoaf he amokamfz kf jfkfmwf bfoaf su ~zd~af yezsaÿm he kf basxdzaf+ acmdzfmhd fsà ek xzfsoemhemxfk ~f~ek he kds dxzds amhayahuds+ q hegfmhd he kfhd kf odmxzdyezsaf vue+ djkacfxdzaf`emxe+ se cemezf oufmhd se heoahe zefkawfz fkcumf es~eoae he basxdzaf kdofk Es+ emxdmoes+ od`d se xaeme vue eobfz `fmd he dxzds eke`emxds vue xaemhe f hesodmdoez ek basxdzafhdz ^dz xfmxd+ se bfoe meoesfzad xemez `uq em ouemxf kd vue se zeyekf emxze kfs ydoes ~d~ukfzes q kds od`emxfzads cemezfhds em xezxukafs ofkkegezfs+ beobds xdhds ~dz yaegds sfjehdzes q odmdoehdzes he kf xzfhaoaÿm dzfk+ fodcaemhd ek ~zeoe~xd ouqd odmxemahd zewf+ vue hexzæs he kf mfzzfoaÿm xzfhaoadmfk he um ~uejkd+ erasxem dxzfs basxdzafs hacmfs he zecasxzfzse em kds fmfkes he kf `e`dzaf odkeoxayf Ek amxezás ~dz esozajaz umf sezae he basxdzafs he fmxes q hes~uás he kf f~fzaoaÿm hek `umaoa~ad he Xæ`esas md es idzxuaxd- ^fzf xfk m+ bf sahd meoesfzad fhd~xfz umf sezae he ~zæoxaofs sdoafkes vue

bfm iumoadmfhd q se bfm odmsxaxuahd xzfhaoadmfk`emxe q vue mds fieoxfm fie oxfm q xzfsxdofm em xfmxd sugexds ~ezxemeoaemxes f Xæ`esas Fsà `as`d+ ~fzf kf ~zdhuooaÿm he esxf amyesxacfoaÿm erasxe em ek idmhd umf ~zedou~foaÿm ~dz kf zekfoaÿm emxze kf Basxdzaf q kf emseöfmwf he ásxf em kfs Esouekfs e Amsxaxuoadmes Ehuofxayfs he jæsaof q seoumhfzaf+ qf vue ~fzeoaezf od`d sa em muesxzd `ehad fofhá`aod ‟eroe~xufmhd fkcumds xzfjfgds zeoaemxes he ~zdiesdzes umayezsaxfzads q esozaxdzes zeodmdoahds+ amxezesfhds ~dz esxf xe`æxaof‟ md erasxaezf umf ~zedou~foaÿm ~zedo u~foaÿm ~dz hegfz he esozajaz sdkf`emxe ~fzf kds basxdzafhdzes q he`æs amyesxacfhdzes ‛ezuhaxds‐ he kfs oaemoafs sdoafkes ^dz dxzd kfhd+ heshe kfs ~dkàxaofs ehuofxayfs a`~fzxahfs ~dz ek Esxfhd odm o dm kf Keq Cemezfk he Ehuofoaÿm "Keq 665 he 6118! sdjze kds djgexayds q mes he kf ehuofoaÿm q kds Esxæmhfzes Jæsaods q Od`~exemoafs  ~fzf kf Ofkahfh he kf kf Ehuofoaÿm Odkd`jafmf "Heozexd :?> he :>>:!+6 ~zedou~fhds ~dz kf dzcfmawfoaÿm he kds ~kfmxekes ehuofxayds em oufmxd ~zd`doaÿm+ eyfkufoaÿm q kds zecukfhdzes hek ouzzàoukd+ se bfoe yasajke umf ~zedou~foaÿm ~dz kf idz`foaÿm em kfs Oaemoafs _doafkes+ emxze ekkfs kf Basxdzaf+ e`~ezd+ beobf ásxf em xáz`amds he kf j÷svuehf he kf umahfh mfoadmfk q he ahemxahfh vue se bfm zekfoadmfhd odm kf basxdzaf xzfhaoadmfk q kf ozÿmaof ~fxzaf he kds ‛czfmhes ~ezsdmfges ~dkàxaods‐ q he kds ‛czfmhes fodmxeoa`aemxds‐ ^dz ege`~kd+ em ek kaxezfk b+ hek Fzxàoukd :: he kf Keq 665$18+ se esxfjkeoe od`d umd he kds djgexayds hehe kf ehuofoaÿm jæsaof ‛Ek esxuhad oaemxàod he kf basxdzaf mfoadmfk q `umhafk hazacahd f od`~zemhez ek hesfzzdkkd he kf sdoaehfh+ q ek esxuhad he kfs oaemoafs sdoafkes+ odm `azfs fk fmækasas he kfs odmhaoadmes foxufkes he kf zefkahfh sdoafk‐

6

9

Esxe Heozexd es zeckf`emxfz zeckf`emxfzad ad he kf Keq 365 he :6 he haoae`jze he :>>6+ vue f su yew zeckf`emxÿ ek Foxd Kecaskfxayd >6 he gumad he :>>6

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

Xf`jaám+ em ek mu`ezfk 9 hek Fzxàoukd vuamxd he kf `as`f Keq+ f~fzeoe od`d m he kf ehuofoaÿm7

‛Ek esxuhad q kf od`~zemsaÿm ozaxaof he kf oukxuzf mfoadmfk q he kf hayezsahfh áxmaof q oukxuzfk hek ~fàs+ od`d  iumhf`emxd he kf umahfh mfoadmfk q he su ahemxahfh‐ Fhe`æs+ em kfs zeidz`fs ehuofxayfs zeoaemxes od`d em kds Esxæmhfzes Jæsaods q Od`~exemoafs ~fzf kf Ofkahfh he kf Ehuofoaÿm Odkd`jafmf + bfq um amxezás `fzofhd ~dz kf ehuofoaÿm ~fzf kf od`~exemoaf em ek `ezofhd q kf odmsxzuooaÿm hek ouzzàoukd ÷maod f ~fzxaz he esxæmhfzes vue kf `fqdzàf he yeoes hesodmdoem ek odmxerxd sdoafk q meoesahfhes ~zd~afs he ofhf od`umahfh ehuofxayf- Em ek of`~d es~eoàod

he kds esxæmhfzes he oaemoafs sdoafkes+: se `fmegfm xzes eges xe`æxaods em kf ehuofoaÿm seoumhfzaf7 Zekfoadmes odm kf basxdzaf q kf oukxuzf< Zekfoadmes es~foafkes q f`jaemxfkes q Zekfoadmes áxaod ~dkàxaofs vue bfoem `æs ámifsas em zekfoadmes odm kd `fozd vue odm kd `aozd Odmsahezd+ emxdmoes+ vue kf zekfoaÿm emxze kf basxdzaf q kf emseöfmwf em kf Esouekf bf esxfhd `ehafhf ~dz xerxds cuàfs izuxd he ehaxdzafkes ~zesxfmxes hek ~fàs+ em kds oufkes f~fzeoem yezsadmes haiezemxes he umf basxdzaf xzfhaoadmfk ~zedou~fhf ~dz kds czfmhes fodmxeoa`aemxds+ czfmhes ~ezsdmfges q czfmhes uzjes+ vue hegfm f um kfhd kd kdofk q kd `aozd+ eke`emxds e ke`emxds xfm a`~dzxfmxes em kf odmsdkahfoaÿm he kf ahemxahfh `umaoa~fk Fumvue esxe xa~d he dzaemxfoadmes bfm sahd+ em czfm ~fzxe+ izuxd he kds hasxamxds `áxdhds he amyesxacfoaÿm hesfzzdkkfhds em dooahemxe+ vue ze`axem f um hasouzsd basxÿzaod odmyemoadmfk `ehafhd ~dz um xzfjfgd odm um xa~d es~eoàod he iuemxes "esozaxfs q hdou`emxfkes!- Fhe`æs+ em kf idz`ukfoaÿm

he ~zdjke`fs hdmhe ~dofs yeoes yeoes se fbdmhf em xe`æxaofs vue ~fzf ek basxdzafhdz ~uehem zeyekfz xdhf umf a`fcem he kf xzfhaoaÿm kdofk sa se vuaeze+ he eke`emxds vue sdkahaofm umf ahemxahfh- He

ese `dhd+ es meoesfzad odmdoez q f~kaofz kf basxdzaf he um ~fàs+ umf zecaÿm+ um `umaoa~ad+ md sÿkd yamoukæmhdkds f kds xerxds cuàfs+ samd xemaemhd em ouemxf dxzf sezae he fkxezmfxayfs vue esxám f muesxzd fkzehehdz7 kf iuemxe dzfk+ ek ~fasfge+ kf kaxezfxuzf+ kf ~amxuzf q kds hasxamxds iemÿ`emds sdoafkes vue suoehem em fvuekkds f~fzxfhds kucfzes Fsà+ ~ues+ ek odmdoa`aemxd basxÿzaod md heje ka`axfzse f kf `e`dzawfoaÿm he beobds q ~ezsdmfges+ samd+ ~dz ek odmxzfzad+ heje ~zd~aoafz ek hesfzzdkkd hek ~emsf`aemxd basxÿzaod he kds esxuhafmxes+ amyaxæmhdkds f emxemhez vue ek ~fsfhd md es um of`amd ÷maod gfhd em kds xerxds esodkfzes+ samd um

of`~d fjaezxd zeodzzahd ~dz kuobfs q ~zdoesds `uq hayezsds+ hdmhe kds semhezds kkeyfm f ~emsfz ~dzyemazes hasxamxds He esxe `dhd se ~dhzæ hes~ezxfz umf odmoaemoaf od moaemoaf ozàxaof+ md sÿkd bfoaf fk ~fsfhd samd bfoaf ek ~zesemxe Es fsà od`d kf emseöfmwf he kfs Oaemoafs _doafkes+ ~fzxaoukfz`emxe kf basxdzaf+ heje sez dzaemxfhf bfoaf um zekfxd vue sehuwof fk fku`md+ q hdmhe ásxe ~uehf hesoujzaz f xzfyás he kfs basxdzafs xdhf okfse he `umhds ifmxæsxaods+ `æcaods+ fkuoamfmxes+ hesku`jzfmxes+ sdjze xdhd+ hes~ezxfmhd em fvuák um sacmaofhd he f~zebemsaÿm odm su ~fsfhd+ eyaxfmhd+ f kf yew+ kf hesezoaÿm d fyezsaÿm bfoaf xfkes

hasoa~kamfs Esxf amyesxacfoaÿm ~dsajakaxf vue kds esxuhafmxes odmdwofm kd vue fmxeoehaÿ fk hesoujza`aemxd hek `umaoa~ad he Xæ`esas+ ouækes iuezdm esfs dxzfs basxdzafs he oukxuzfs ~zebas~æmaofs+ he odmvuasxfhdzes es~födkes+ he odkdmds ~djzes em kf sekyf+ he ~ezseouoadmes+ xzasxewfs+ buahfs+ suiza`aemxds q iemÿ`emds ~d~ukfzes vue f÷m se emouemxzfm odmod`axfmhd em ek ~zesemxe< he ~ezsdmfges dkyahfhds ~dz kf basxdzaf q xfobfhds em kf `e`dzaf+ fhe`æs+ he beobds ouzadsds vue muxzem muesxzf eià`ezf zexemxayf em um ugd he zeouezhds xà~aods he um ~uejkd ~amxdzesod-

Fsà `as`d+ ek ~zesemxe xerxd se odmsxaxuqe em umf bezzf`aemxf ~ehfcÿcaof ~fzf kds esxfjkeoa`aemxds ehuofxayds vue fhdkeoem he xzfjfgds he basxdzaf `umaoa~fk+ sazyaemhd fk xae`~d od`d hdou`emxd erajke q yezsæxak em ek oufk ofhf hàf se ~uehfm amodz~dzfz mueyfs basxdzafs+ zekfxds q+ sdjze xdhd+ xesas vue fyfkem d hes`aemxfm ek ~zesemxe xzfjfgd Es heoaz+ se ~zexemhe az muxzaemhd hàf f hàf kf basxdzaf kdofk he Xæ`esas usfmhd od`d `dkhe+ sa se vuaeze+ esxf Djzf He esxf `fmezf+ kds iumoadmfzads emofzcfhds he kf hdoemoaf em ek `umaoa~ad+ ~dhzæm fbdmhfz em mueyfs amyesxacfoadmes he dzhem kdofk q zecadmfk sdjze kf odmsdkahfoaÿm he umf mueyf basxdzaf+ amodz~dzfmhd em kds esxfjkeoa`aemxds ehuofxayds xe`fs vue djehewofm f kf ~ezoe~oaÿm he su ~zd~af basxdzaf : @AMA_XEZAD HE EHUOFOADM MFOADMFK HE ODKD@JAF + Esxæmhfzes Esxæmhfzes Jæsaods q Od`~exemoafs Od`~exemoafs ~fzf ~fzf kf Ofkahfh Ofkahfh he kf  Ehuofoaÿm Odkd`jafmf Odkd`jafmf++ ^ZAEXD HUFZXE+ Zfifek Fmxdmad ex @FOAF_ YAKKECF_ + YAKKECF_ + Ges÷s Dzkfmhd "od`~akfhdz "od`~akfhdzes!+ es!+ @foàfs ‟ Cfzoás Fzxes Czæofs+ @ehekkàm+ :>>5-

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

3

Bd`jze @dmcdk

Kds ~za`ezds ~djkfhdzes em muesxzfs xaezzfs @uobd fmxes he vue kds es~födkes+ e`jdwfhds em sus fz`fhuzfs+ ~zdyasxds odm sus es~fhfs q `dsvuexes+ `dmxfhds em sus ofjfkkds q odm sus ~ezzds he ~zesf q od`jfxe+ kkecfzfm f kfs xaezzfs f`ezaofmfs+ fkkà hdmhe es~ezfjfm emodmxzfz ek ~fzfàsd xezzemfk+ vue Hads bfjàf hesxamfhd ~fzf ekkds+ bfoe f~zdra`fhf`emxe umds oufzemxf `ak föds fmxes he Ozasxd+ erasxaezdm oayakawfoadmes em F`ázaof xfm fmxacufs od`d Kf Euzd~ef+ kf ^ezsf+ kf Askæ`aof q bfsxf kf Obamf ? Ese erxzföd q mueyd `umhd ezf of~fw he dizeoez mfxuzfkewfs xfm hasxamxfs od`d ~fzf vue kds ozdmasxfs he Amhafs foe~xfzfm yez `fmfxàes od`d jekkfs sazemfs emofmxfhdzfs he bd`jzes< d he odk`fz he xezzdz ek emouemxzd he xzajus he ofmàjfkes vue erxzfàfm ek ~dhez `fkacmd he sus eme`acds< `umhds xfm ifmxæsxaods em F`ázaof od`d kfs f`fwdmfs vue+ erxaz~æmhdse um semd+ `fmadjzfjfm ek fzod od`d ek `egdz sdkhfhd he kfs odzxes euzd~efs ? HU__ÆM HE ZEAOBEK+ Fkaoaf+ Um `umhd Gf`æs a`fcamfhd 681:-611:  Fkcumf cemxes cemxes hek Mueyd @umhd @umhd EH _fmxakkfmf+ 611:+ ~ 6?

2

Ese `umhd he emouemxzds odm cemxes f`asxdsf`emxe hesmuhfs+ he jekkfs `ugezes vue `dsxzf jfm sus yezcûemwfs+ dizeoàf um f`jaemxe ahàkaod ~fzf kds odmvuasxfhdzes Um xezzaxdzad kkemd he hadses+ sezes `dmsxzudsds d ifmxæsxaods+ jzugfs vue oazoumhfjfm kds oaekds+ huemhes+ hzfcdmes+ keqemhfs q `axds vue zeozefjfm umf F`ázaof erxzfdzhamfzaf+ bfoàf ~fzxe he muesxzf ~zebasxdzaf e basxdzaf fmxacuf Esds ~za`ezds bd`jzes vue bfjaxfzdm F`ázaof+ sec÷m kds ~kfmxef`aemxds he kds fmxzd~ÿkdcds+ ~ezxemeoaezdm f Kf Ehfh He ^aehzf  Gusxf`emxe em muesxzd `used he kf Ofsf he kf Oukxuzf Ba~ÿkaxd he G Oæzhemfs+ ze~dsfm fkcumds djgexds vue bfoem zeiezemoaf he kf erasxemoaf he esfs xzajus he bd`jzes ofwfhdzes zeodkeoxdzes Dxzd czfm f~dzxe he fvuekkds fmxacuds bfjaxfmxes es ek hesfzzdkkd hek kemcufge fzxaoukfhd+ kf `fcaf q kfs ~amxuzfs he kfs oueyfs em fkcumfs zecadmes he muesxzd ~fàs Xae`~d hes~uás se hesfzzdkkÿ dxzd ~ezadhd he bfjaxfmxes fmxacuds kkf`fhds kds ^fkedamhads  Fvuekkds czu~ds he bd`jzes kdczfzdm sdjzeyayaz czfoafs f kf xzfms`asaÿm he eke`emxds oukxuzfkes

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

F kds `æs ~evueöds se kes emseöfjf sdjze ek odmdoa`aemxd he kds fma`fkes+ ek usd he kfs ~kfmxfs q kf `fmezf he emizemxfzse `egdz f kds ~ekaczds q emxdzmds mfxuzfkes Fhe`æs+ se kds if`akafzawf jf odm xdhf okfse he fooadmes zekfoadmfhfs odm kf ofoezàf+ odmsxzuooaÿm he xzf`~fs+ he fz`fs+ fma`fkes f~xds ~fzf ek odmsu`d+ emxze dxzfs Dxzd fs~eoxd a`~dzxfmxe iue ek hesfzzdkkd hek odmdoa`aemxd f ~fzxaz he kf djsezyfoaÿm hek z`f`emxd7 huzfmxe kfs mdobes `azfjfm kfs esxzekkfs ~dz kfzcd xae`~d _fjàfm foezof he kfs ifses he kf kumf+ kfs odmsxekfoadmes q bfsxf he kf ujaofoaÿm ~zeoasf he fkcumds fsxzds< xf`jaám+ se fhf~xfzdm fk emxdzmd vue kes dizeoàf su `umhd+ em xfk czfhd vue fkofmwfzdm f odmdoez kds ~ezàdhds erfoxds em vue se ~zesemxfjfm kfs sujaemhfs he ~eoes+ ek mfoa`aemxd he kds fma`fkes+ kfs ieobfs em vue hejàfm odseobfz q ek `d`emxd d~dzxumd ~fzf ~zdozefz Umd he kds eke`emxds vue `fqdz`emxe fquhÿ f kf odmxamufoaÿm he su erasxemoaf se jfsÿ em umf es~eoae he hayasaÿm hek xzfjfgd sec÷m kf ehfh+ ek serd q ek kamfge if`akafz< kds bd`jzes iuezdm er~ezxds ofwfhdzes< kfs `ugezes zeodcàfm izuxds+ amseoxds+ fcuf q `aek ^dz kd cemezfk+ ek ofwfhdz `æs zæ~ahd q odmxumhemxe se odmyezxàf em geie hek okfm Kuecd he kf ofoezàf+ odm kfs ~aekes zefkawfjfm `÷kxa~kes fooesdzads+ od`d ofkwfhd q ouezhfs+ q odm kds buesds amsxzu`emxds `usaofkes q ~umwdmes ~fzf sus uxemsakads he ofwf Hemxzd he kf ifumf vue ofwfjfm se ~uehem emu`ezfz fkcumds fma`fkes od`d yemfhds+ fz`fhakkds+ zfxdmes+ odmegds q fyes Fhe`æs+ ek odmdoa`aemxd `æs a`~dzxfmxe q yfkdzfhd ezf kf odmsezyfoaÿm hek iuecd+ eke`emxd xfmxd meoesfzad em oufmxd vue odm ák se ~ze~fzfjfm kf `fqdzàf he fka`emxds "kds fsfjfm d fbu`fjfm+ ~uesxd vue f÷m md se bfjàf hesoujaezxd kf odooaÿm he kds fka`emxds od`d ifoxdz he odmsezyfoaÿm he kds `as`ds! Xf`jaám czfoafs f ese ~zeoafhd eke`emxd iue vue+ em kfs kfzcfs mdobes he izàd vue se dzacamfjfm ~dz ek amyaezmd+ se ~uhaezdm ofkemxfz+ fsà od`d aku`amfz kf es~esuzf hek es~foad oufmhd kf xzfmvuakahfh ezf fkxezfhf ~dz oufkvuaez okfse he zuahd f`emfwfmxe

Fvuekkds yafgezds+ odmdoahds od`d ^fkedamhads+ zeodzzaezdm kd vue bdq bfoe ~fzxe he muesxzd ~fàs bfoe f~zdra`fhf`emxe 6:-5>> föds "6:->>> föds

fmxes he vue kkecfzfm kds es~födkes jusofhdzes he dzd!

 Fvuekkds amhàcemfs q su xezzaxdzad Kf ujaofoaÿm cedczæof q ek `fcmàod oka`f he

muesxzd xezzaxdzad iue ek esoemfzad ~ezieoxd ~fzf vue se esxfjkeoaezfm kf oukxuzf he kds amhàcemfs Ofzxf`fs  Kf zecaÿm he Ofzxf`f heje su md` jze fk zàd "he fcufs xzfms~fzemxes! ek `as`d vue  jföf kd vue bdq es ek `umaoa~ad he Xæ`esas+ seoxdz he kf yezehf ^esofhezd Acufk`emxe odmsahezfm fkcumds esxuhadsds vue ek xáz`amd Ofzxf`f q Ofzf`fmxf es sujsahafzad hek ofoavue ‛Ofuzd`f‐+ hueöd he ammahfh he xezzaxdzads zaods

em dzd q yeoamd he kf if`akaf he kds Fmsez`fs+ od`umahfhes vue bfjkfjfm kf `as`f kemcuf q od`~fzxàfm sa`akfzes odsxu`jzes

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

Od`umahfh ~fkedamhaf

1

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F esxe ofoavue se hejàf xzajuxfz q djeheoez em kd vue `fmhfse Ezf kkeyfhd em bd`jzds+ md ~dhàf xdofz xaezzf+ kd fod`~föfjfm he haew f hdoe esjekxfs `ugezes+ q oufmhd se vuezàf jfgfz ásxfs `as`fs kd zeoajàfm em jzfwds Em fvuekkfs sdoaehfhes bfjàf umf hasxzajuoaÿm dzhemfhf hek xzfjfgd+ xdhds hesfzzdkkfjfm fkcumf iumoaÿm ^dz kd xfmxd+ ek amhayahud vue md hesheöfzf kfs iumoadmes vue se ke fsacmfzfm esxfjf odmhemfhd sa md f kf `uezxe+ d ~dz kd `emds fk hesxaezzd Yayàfm em ofsfs vue odmsxzuàfm em kds æzjdkes+ zehdmhfs+ ekfjdzfhfs odm oföfs cdzhfs "cufhufs cacfmxes!+ em kfs vue bfoàfm um oezod od`d jfzzezf he ~zdxeooaÿm+ fvuek `as`d em vue odkcfjfm kfs ofjewfs he sus eme`acds+ amokusd he fkcumd vue dxzd amhàcemf ~ezhahd d hesxezzfhd F kf bdzf he fka`emxfzse+ od`àfm quof+ `fàw q xd`fjfm obaobfErasxàf umf es~eoae he `ezofhd kdofk hdmhe se ~zdyeàfm he sfk d xegahds "em kd vue bdq bfoe ~fzxe hek `umaoa~ad he Xæ`esas+ bakfjfm kf kfmf odm ydkfmxes he usd+ umf ~evueöf ~aehzf odm um dzaoad em ek

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8

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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Ofoavue Ofuzd`f q sus `ugezes

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kkfs od`umahfhes+ ek xezzemd esxfjf fjdmfhd ~fzf umf `egdz f~zd~afoaÿm hek xezzaxdzad Em ek `d`emxd he sekeooadmfz kds es~foads f~xds+ esodcaezdm kfs zajezfs he kds zàds q kucfzes hdmhe fjumhfzfm ~zesfs iæoakes he ofwfz Xf`jaám sekeooadmfzdm kds `egdzes es~foads vue ~ez`axaezdm sus yayaemhfs+ kfs oufkes se odmyezxazàfm ~dsxezadz`emxe em a`~dzxfmxes fkhefs

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Es meoesfzad heoaz vue em kf `fqdzàf hek xezzaxdzad xf`esamd ze~dsf jfgd muesxzds ~aes czfm ofmxahfh he oezæ`aof+ q vue kd `æs ~ezxamemxe es odmsezyfzkf ~fzf kfs iuxuzfs cemezfoadmes @uobd he ese `fxezafk heje esxfz em ek `used he muesxzd `umaoa~ad+ kucfz fheoufhd ~fzf `dsxzfz kf `fcmaoemoaf fzxàsxaof he muesxzds fmxe ~fsfhds

Heodzfmhd kf oezæ`aof

Kds ^exzd ^exzdckaids7 ckaids7 fvuekkfs zdofs vue bfjkfm

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

Esxf `fmezf he ze~zesemxfz su `umhd fkcumds kf suekem hemd`amfz fzxe zu~esxze ~dzvue em ekkf se odmgucfm kds ~aoxdczf`fs+ kds gezdckàods

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xayfs q esvue`æxaofs‐< kfs `æs od`umes vue se bfm emodmxzfhd ze~zesemxfm cuzfs bu`fmfs+

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umf hasxzajuoaÿm cedczæof+ dxzds xfmxds sdm ek

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kf eracemoaf he kds cdk~es

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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Amhàcemfs yaemhd kf kkecfhf he kds ~emamsukfze ~emamsukfzess

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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kf ofzcf bu`fmf vue em ek iuxuzd kkeyfzàfm7 kf yahf hek yafgezd ezf+ ~ues+ kd `æs ~zeoafhd Oufmhd xez`amfjfm su gdzmfhf hejàfm ~ze~fzfz od`ahf q odmsxzuaz umf ~evueöf obdwf vue fkjezcfzàf f su ~fxzÿm ^dz xfmxd+ kds foá`akfs "ofzcuezds! hejàfm ~ez`fmeoez yacakfmhd f su ~fxzÿm q sus `ezofmoàfs+ ze~dsfmhd ~evueöds amxezyfkds he xae`~d :6 ::

Esxfs f~zeoafoadmes odmsxaxuqem kf eyahemoaf dzfk he Gdsá he Ges÷s Yekæsvuew Ofhfyah+ f÷m yayd F esxf ~ezsdmf ke xdoÿ xzfxfz odm `ukfs q xzfmsaxfz kds `æs esofjzdsds of`amds he kf cedczfiàf fmxadvueöf f `ehafhds hek sackd RR Ajàh+ ~~ 6:5-632-631

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

61

Od`d kf od`umaofoaÿm ezf umd he kds ~zdjke`fs `æs zeouzzemxes he Fmxadvuaf q em fkcumfs zecadmes hek ~fàs+ f ~fzxaz he ekkd se iue odmidz`fmhd umf oukxuzf sdoafk fkzehehdz he kds djsxæoukds< kf fzzaezàf q kds bd`jzes foá`akfs iuezdm sacmaofxayf`emxe iumhf`emxfkes ~fzf fjdzhfz

ek ~zdjke`f he kf od`umaofoaÿm emxze kfs hasxamxfs ~zdyamoafs

_am e`jfzcd+ fvuekkds ifoxdzes md iuezdm suoaemxes- Umf he kfs ~zamoa~fkes ~zedou~foadmes hek Cdjaezmd Fmxadvueöd se oemxzfjf em kf odmsxzuooaÿm he yàfs he od`umaofoaÿm+ ~dz um kfhd+ ~fzf sfofz sus ~zdhuoxds ~dz ek zàd @fchfkemf+ xzfxfmhd he esxfjkeoez od`umaofoaÿm em ek suz ~dz ek Doáfmd ^foàod q he fbà bfoaf ek

`umhd emxezd< q ~dz dxzd kfhd+ ~fzf er~kdxfz um zaod xezzaxdzad bfsxf ese `d`emxd suj-uxakawfhd He esxds ~zamoa~ads he~emhàf vue se foxayfzf kf eodmd`àf kdofk he umf ~zdyamoaf vue meoesaxfjf fsoemhez em zekfoaÿm odm kfs dxzfs< ek beobd he esxfz odmcekfhds q bez`áxaof`emxe f~zasadmfhds ~dz kfs izdmxezfs mfxuzfkes djkacfjf f vue ek xezzaxdzad jusofzf emsfmobfzse em fzfs he emodmxzfz sfkahf bfoaf ek @fchfkemf q ek Doáfmd+ iemÿ`emd fk vue zes~dmhaÿ kf f~ezxuzf he of`amds vue ~dsxezadz`emxe sezàfm kfs yàfs he mueyds xezzaxdzads ~djkfoadmfkes a`~dzxfmxes

‛F of`jad+ kf od`~föàf zeoajaÿ um ~zayakecad erokusayd sdjze ek of`amd q `æs he oaem beoxæzefs em kf `dmxföf hek Ofzf`fmxf‐:8 Esxe of`amd se kkf`ÿ he Ofzf`fmxf+ ujaofhd sdjze kf `fzcem awvuaezhf hek zàd Ofuof _u ~zamoa~fk xzfwfhd se ~zdqeoxÿ heshe ek `umaoa~ad he Izehdmaf q kf izdmxezf he Fmxadvuaf odm kf ~zdyamoaf hek Ofuof+ ~dz ek zàd Fzvuàf+ odm umf erxemsaÿm su~ezadz f kds sesemxf lakÿ`exzds7 ‛Ek of`amd ou jzàf ~zehads izfcdsds+ `dyehawds+ sdkaxfzads q hes~zdyasxds he xdhd zeouzsd+ ~fzf kkecfz f kfs `uq md`jzfhfs `amfs he @fz`fxd q kfs yecfs he _u~àf‐:5 Ek ofzæoxez he fkcumds e`~zesfzads iue xfm heoahahd vue+ sam ~emsfzkd se fyemxuzfzdm f amaoafz kf odmsxzuooaÿm he `uobds of`amds Xfk od`d iue ek ofsd he hdm Cfjzaek Eobeyezza+ vue7 Em 62?9+ em od`~föàf he hdm Gufm _fmxf`fzàf+ hdm Gufm Uzaje @dmhzfcÿm q hdm @acuek Zesxze~d+ cf`dmfkes he @ehekkàm+ e`~ewÿ f fjzaz of`amd vue had dzacem fk _uzdesxe he Fmxadvuaf+ vue em ese xae`~d md ezf `æs vue jfkhàds Heshe kf Yfkezaf ‟ kd vue bdq es Ofkhfs ‟ ~fsfmhd ~dz _amaifmæ+ kkecÿ f kd vue bdq es Izehdmaf+ em ese xae`~d zeoaám iumhfhf He fbà sacuaÿ bfsxf ek Ofuof+ ~fsÿ fk dxzd kfhd q fjzaÿ su bfoaemhf em Ofze~ezzd \…P eieox÷d yfzads yafges he mecdoads he od`ezoad f  Gf`faof+ he kds oufkes fu`emxÿ `uobd su idzxumf:9Föds hes~uás kf od`~föàf he Eobeyezza+ @dmhzfcÿm q _fmxf`fzàf se hesamxeczÿ Fumvue+ emxze ek ~ezadhd he 62?8 q 6286+ Cfjzaek Eobeyezza+ ~dz su ~zd~af amaoafxayf+ amyazxaÿ umf su`f odmsahezfjke he of~axfk ~fzf kf odmsxzuooaÿm hek of`amd he Ofzf`fmxf+ uxakawfmhd ~fzf ekkd `fmd he djzf he odkdmds ~djzes< haobds odkdmds ~dz sus xzfjfgds zeoajaezdm ~ze~zehads he xaezzf ujaofhds em kf `dmxföf hek Ofzf`fmxf:3 ^dsxezadz`emxe esxds ~zehads ~fsfzàfm f sez wdmfs cfmfhezfs q oukxayds he ~fm odcez

Xemaemhd em ouemxf fvuekkfs odmsahezfoadmes+ ek cdjaezmd se heoahaÿ f emxzecfz kf odmsxzuooaÿm he kds of`amds f e`~zesfzads ~fzxaoukfzes+ ~zeieza jke`emxe ~zdyemaemxes he kfs ákaxes he kfs oauhfhes `æs a`~dzxfmxes7 ‛Es em ek föd he 62?5+ od`d ek cdjaezmd mfoadmfk emxzecÿ f umf od`~föàf amxeczfhf ~dz Gufm Uzaje @dhzfcÿm+ Gufm _fmxf`fzàf q Cfjzaek Eobeyezza+ od`ezoafmxes q `ae`jzds hesxfofhds he kf ákaxe he @ehekkàm+ kf odmoesaÿm ~fzf kf odmsxzuooaÿm he um of`amd‐:? Haobf odmoesaÿm bfjàf sahd emofzcfhf he fxzfyesfz kf es~esf sekyf q hfz yàf kajze fk od`ezoad he @ehekkàm q ek mdzxe hek Ofuof+ e~aoemxzd iumhf`emxfk he kfs `ezofmoàfs vue ~zdyemàfm he  Gf`faof He ese `dhd+ ~fzf kf ákaxe+ ~dz xfmxd ~fzf su foxayahfh od`ezoafk+ ezf um mecdoad `uq izuoxàiezd xemez um of`amd ~fzf su odmsxzuooaÿm7 :8 :5 :9 :?

:>

D~ Oax+ YÁKEW ZEMHßM+ Gufm Ofzkds+ ~~ :9-:5

:3

Ajàh+ ~ :5 Ajàh+ ~ :5 D~+ Oax+ OFHF OFHFYAH YAH @A_F_+ Zdjezxd+ Basxdzaf Zdjezxd+  Basxdzaf he Fmxadvuaf Fmxadvuaf++ ~ ::1 Ajàh+ ~ :5

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

Odkdmawfhdz

Kf odmsxzuooaÿm he xfk of`amd xf`jaám ~dsajakaxÿ ~d sajakaxÿ vue se `dxayfzf kf dou~foaÿm bfsxf ek ~umxd he az f`~kafmhd ofhf yew `æs kfs ~ezaiezafs+ kd vue fk `as`d xae`~d hezayÿ em vue+ föds `æs xfzhe+ fkcumfs ~djkfoadmes od`d Mueyf Ofzf`fmxf+ Yfk~fzfàsd q Xæ`esas ~fsfzfm he sez sa`~kes ofsezàds f `umaoa~ads7 ‛em hdmhe se odmoemxzfzdm fk cumds odkdmds vue odmsxzuqezdm ek of`amd q hezzu` hezzu`-jfzdm ~fzxe he kf sekyf vue oujzàf ek xezzaxdzad‐:2 Es heoaz+ kds `umaoa~ads od`d Xæ`esas suzcaezdm em czfm ~fzxe ~dz kf meoesahfh he dou~fz es~foads vue em ~zamoa~ad esxfjfm jfkhàds q vue ~dsxezadz`emxe iuezdm bfjaxfhds ~dz odkdmds ~djzes ~zdyemaemxes sdjze xdhd hek Dzaemxe fmxadvueöd q dxzfs zecadmes+ fkemxfhds ~dz kf es~ezfmwf he ~dseez umf izfmgf he xaezzf ~zd~af f of`jad of `jad he su iuezwf Fsà ~ues+ es odmyemaemxe oaxfz um ~æzzfid vue jaem akusxzf kf saxufoaÿm fmxes `emoadmfhf7 ‛kds ~zehads fkehföds f kf yàf ~ez`axaezdm kf odmodm cuzfoaÿm he m÷okeds q ~djkfoadmes em ese es~foad am am-xez`ehad- Emxze esxds bfq vue `emoadmfz kds ofsezàds hdmhe ~dsxezadz`emxe se iumhfzàfm Mueyf Ofzf`fmxf+ Yfk~fzfàsd q Xæ`esas+ em hdmhe se odmoemxzfzdm fkcumds odkdmds vue odmsxzuqezdm ek of`amd‐:1

:2 :1

D~+ Oax+ YÁKEW ZEMHßM+ Gufm Ofzkds+ ~ :5 Ajàh+ ~ :5

Odkdmawfoaÿm

Esxe of`amd+ ~fzf ek föd he 6259+ iue heokfzfhd od`d he ~za`ezf okfse+ ~ues su a`~dzxfmoaf ezf iumhf`emxfk ~fzf ek amxezof`jad odm ek Ofuof q kf wdmf `amezf he @fz`fxd q kf Yecf hek _u~af+ fhe`æs he sez umf he kfs zuxfs hdmhe `æs xzfmsaxfjfm zeoufs he `ukfs ofzcfhfs odm ek dzd he kfs `amfs7 ‛Em odmseouemoaf+ fkkà se ozeÿ um ~efge hdmhe kds fzxàoukds q `ezofmoàfs vue se amxzdhuoàfm f kf ~zdyamoaf hejàfm ~fcfz um a`~uesxd‐?> Xf`jaám+ fvuák iue umf ~ezieoxf zuxf ~fzf kfs fooadmes em kf cuezzf odm ek yeoamd hasxzaxd hek Ofuof+ ~ues ek vue xemàf ek odmxzdk fsecuzfjf czfm ~fzxe he kf yaoxdzaf Esxe of`amd iue+ emxdmoes+ um ~umxd he emouemxzd emxze kfs xzd~fs Ofuofmfs q Fmxadvueöfs Od`d odmokusaÿm+ ~fzf Cfjzaek Eobeyezza+ kf ahef he odmsxzuaz um of`amd djeheoe f kfs meoesahfhes he esxfjkeoez umf odmeraÿm odm kf ~zdyamoaf hek Ofuof Djyaf`emxe+ su amaoafxayf md odmsahezfjf mamcumf okfse he odmoe~oaÿm kfmxzÿ~aof

~uesxd vue haobd ~zdqeoxd se kkeyÿ f ofjd jfgd kf esxzfxecaf he `fmd he djzf jfzfxf ~fcfhf odm kf dou~foaÿm he xaezzfs jfkhàfs  Gusxf`emxe ~dz xdhd kd fmxezadz+ em esfs xaezzfs f ~zeoads eracuds+ jfkhàfs q sekyæxaofs es hdmhe suzce kf iumhfoaÿm he `umaoa~ads od`d Xæ`esas+ kucfz he zeiucad ~fzf bd`jzes odmsezyfhdzes vue ~dz ofusfs he kf cuezzf q has~uxfs he f`dz bfjàfm buahd he Mueyf Ofzf`fmxf

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Ajàh+ ~ :9

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

:6

Xæ`esas q sus iumhfhdzes Odm kf f`jaoaÿm he emodmxzfz `egdzes d~dzxumahfhes he yahf+ umf czfm ofmxahfh he czu~ds he xdhf kfqf se iuezdm erxemhaemhd he suz f mdzxe+ ~fzxaemhd heshe kf odzhakkezf oemxzfk he kds Fmhes ^dz kd cemezfk ezfm he erxzfooaÿm ~djze+ ~ezd vue idz`fjfm ‛\…P  czu~ds he oufxzd+ oamod q bfsxf haew if`akafs \…P a`~uksfhfs ~dz kf meoesahfh‐?6 he odkdmawfz q f~zd~afzse he mueyds xezzaxdzads+ odm kd vue qf md sezàfm sa`~kes xzfjfgfhdzes he kds czfmhes bfoemhfhds vue fmxföd ofsa kds er~kdxfjfm+ samd vue+ f ~fzxaz he kf dou~foaÿm he haobfs xaezzfs+ ~fsfzàfm f sez kds hueöds he sus ~zd~afs ~fzoekfs+ meoesfzafs ~fzf keyfmxfz su ~zdke Xdhfs kfs basxdzafs+ keqemhfs q zekfxds vue se `ukxa~kaofzdm odm kf es~ezfmwf he emodmxzfz `egdzes odmhaoadmes he yahf+ f ~fzxaz he kf odkdmawfoaÿm he mueyds xezzaxdzads+ ~zdmxd hegfzdm

F ~esfz he vue oufmhd se bfoàf umf iumhfoaÿm kf fkeczàf hesjdzhfjf kds kà`axes he kf iekaoahfh+ f kf yew+ esxf saxufoaÿm ezf `dxayd he ~zedou~foaÿm7 kf f~zd~afoaÿm he um hexez`amfhd xezzaxdzad ~dz fkcumds ~dods ~djkfhdzes ezf ek ~ezieoxd xzf`~dkàm ~fzf vue dxzfs ~ezsdmfs se heoahaezfm f hes~kfwfzse fkkà+ odm kd vue em ~dod xae`~d kkecfjfm+ he xdhfs ~fzxes+ mueyfs if`akafs ~djkfhdzfs vue emxzfjfm f has~uxfz ek hd`amad hek kucfz Fk xae`~d+ ásxd ezf haiàoak he eyaxfz ~uesxd vue kfs ydoes se `ukxa~kaofjfm zæ~ahf`emxe emxze dxzfs cemxes hesedsfs he emodmxzfz um saxad hÿmhe yayaz Fhe`æs+ fvuekkf saxufoaÿm se od`~kaofjf fum `æs qf vue+ xfk od`d kd esxa~ukfjf kf mdz`fxayahfh sdoafk ~zd~af hek sackd RAR "vue em zefkahfh bfjàf sahd bezehfhf he kfs idz`fs he ze~zesemxfoaÿm sdoafk he kf á~dof odkdmafk!+ hejàfm sez sdkahfzads emxze ekkds Emxdmoes+ fk acufk vue kf xaezzf+ od`~fzxàfm sus ~emfs q fkeczàfs+ hdkdzes q suiza`aemxds+ fsà od`d kf sfk+ ek ofofd q kf ~fmekf??

yezxez umf haoukxfh7 `uobfs he kfs if`akafs vue

se heoahàfm f amaoafz fvuekkf e`~zesf suizàfm kds e`jfxes ofusfhds ~dz kf heses~ezfmwf vue se dzacamfjf he kfs kfzcfs of`amfxfs+ sam zu`jd gd+ vue hejàfm zefkawfz fmxes he emodmxzfz kf

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ames~ezfhds fjas`ds+ yfhefmhd kds zàds `æs em`fzföfhds q huz`aemhd se`fmfs emxezfs em kf sekyf‐?: Ezf f~emfs kÿcaod vue fvuekkfs ~ezsdmfs xuyaezfm vue amyemxfzse xdhf okfse he odsfs ~fzf kahafz esxfs haoukxfhes- _am e`jfzcd+ em

fkcumfs oazoumsxfmoafs ~dhàf `æs kf ~emf vue kf ckdzaf+ odm kd vue ezf ameyaxfjke vue em `uobfs dofsadmes kkdzfzfm+ suizaezfm d `uzaezfm am`ezsds em kfs `æs ozuhfs emiez`ehfhes+ xdhd ~dzvue sus ouez~ds+ fhe`æs he sus es~àzaxus+ oehàfm

fmxe kfs haoukxfhes vue sacmaofjf kf kuobf ~dz

emodmxzfz sus ~zd~ads xezzuöds

?6 ?:

::

D~+ Oax+ _FMXF+ EHUFZH EHUFZHD+ D+ Kf Odkdmawf oaÿm Fmxadvueöf + ~+ ::6 Ajàh+ ~6::

Hdöf Zfifekf Cÿ`ew q Hdm ^ehzd Dzdwod ??

Ajàh+ ~6::

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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5> 56

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

:3

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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9> 51

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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?3

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82

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

‛Odm ~zesxewf iue Dzdwod f emxzecfz sus fz`fs em Gezaoÿ f m he vuehfz f`~fzfhd ~dz kfs

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Zfifekf xzasxe fk yez ze`fxfz su cfmfhd ~dz ek eme`acd

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81

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su `uezxe ezf secuzf6>:

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fsà od`d bfjàfm zefkawfhd kfs fooadmes vue sus of~foahfhes kes ~ez`axàfm Oezof he haew `eses iue ek xae`~d vue Zfifekf q @fmuek esxuyaezdm fxemhaemhd f kds emiez`ds he Fmsez`f Bfjaemhd hegfhd Xæ`esas+ ek ~zds~ezfz he kds bez`fmds Dzdwod se bfjàf beobd mdxfz dsxemsajke`emxe em ek amsa~aemxe ofsezàd he Fmsez`f+ hdmhe se haezdm f kf xfzef he odmsxzuaz fkcumfs ofsfs he xf~af q xegf+ amoze`emxfmhd fsà ek ~zdczesd e amaoafmhd foxayahfhes od`ezoafkes em ek kucfz Es `æs+ f kds iumhfhdzes he Xæ`esas se kes zeodmdoe ek beobd he bfjez kkeyfhd f ofjd kf odmsxzuooaÿm hek of`amd he Jekfkoæwfz vue odmhuoàf f kf oauhfh he Ofzxfcd+ amaoafhd em ek föd he 622>7 ‛fsdoafhd odm kds _zes_zes- Zdhdkid Cdmwæ Cdmwækew+ ofuofmd+ hd`aoakafhd em ^fk`azf+ q H Jfzxdkd`á Obfyes+ he _u~àf \…P kds hueöds hek ~zayakecad hek of`amd md`jzfzdm ~fzf Hazeoxdz he kf e`~zesf fk _z @fmuek _fkyfhdz Dzdwod+ ouqds odmdoa`aemxds+ bdmzfhew q kfzcf ~zæoxaof hfjfm `egdzes ~zdjfjakahfhes he juem áraxd‐6>?

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D~+ Oax+ Oax+ ^zemsf  ^zemsf kdofk+ hafzad hafzad he 61:2  _fmcze Gdyem Gdyem+ ~ secumhf+ fcdsxd :5 he D~+ Oax+ DZDWOD+ Yàoxdz+ Yàoxdz+ @fmuek+  @fmuek+  F~umxes f kf yahf he ^ehzd ^ehzd Dzdwod+ Dzdwod+ ~ 65

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6>8 6>5

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55

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662 Fouezhd `umaoa~fk mzd- 9+  Hesxamfhd f fkcumfs  su`fs he kf heuhf vue ek ek hasxzaxd heje heje fk seödz ^ehzd Dzdwod+ Dzdwod+  sdkaoaxuh he he :5 he gukad he 623>+ Odmoegd @umaoa~fk @umaoa~fk Xæ`esas+  Fkofkhàf Xæ`esas Xæ`esas

59

8> oemxfyds vue se ~fcfzæm ~dz ofhf jes-

xaf vue se amxzdhuwof fk hasxzaxd ~fzf su yemxf em ek d ~fzf ek usd hek amxzdhuoxdz \…P Oufzemxf oemxfyds vue se ~fcfzæm ~dz ofhf jesxaf d zes `fqdz vue se amxzdhuwofm f kf oæzoek d ofsod hek hasxzaxd ~dz sez bfkkfhd ofusfmhd hföd em ~zd~aehfh fgemf sae`~ze vue ek ~ezguhaofhd d dxzd oufkvuaezf od`~zueje kf ~ez`fmemoaf he xfkes fma`fkes em kf ~zd~aehfh q sae`~ze vue ásxe se emouemxze jaem oezofhf \…P Haew oemxfyds vue se ~fcfzæm `emsufk`emxe kds vue vuaezfm xemez hemxzd he kf ~djkfoaÿm hek hasxzaxd ~ezzds suekxds+ sae`~ze vue ek geie he ~dkaoàf kd ~ez`axf q xfkes fma`fkes md sefm ~ezguhaoafkes d hföamds \…P Yeamxe oemxfyds vue se ~fcfzæm ~dz ofhf vue`f he `fxezafk vue se bfcf em ofhf xegfz ^fzf ek odjzd he esxe hezeobd+ se ~zesu`e vue ofhf `es se bfoe umf vue`f em ofhf xegfz vuehfmhd f kds amxezesfhds su hezeobd f sfkyd ~fzf ~zd jfz kd odmxzfzad \…P Oamod oemxfyds vue se ~fcfzæm ~dz ofhf hàf vue se ~dmcf em kf ~kfwf `esfs d xdkhds ~fzf yemhez eieoxds ~ze~fzfhds ~fzf od`ez d jejez \…P Yeamxe oemxfyds vue se ~fcfzæm ~dz ofhf hezeobd he ~esfs q `ehahfs \…P yeamxe ~esds vue se ~fcfzæm ~dz ofhf esxf d

es~eoxæoukd em vue bfqf guecd he xdzds+ ofzzezfs+ hfmwfs+ hasizfoes odm kaoemoaf he kf fuxdzahfh zes~eoxayf+ eroe~xufmhd ek :>

he gukad he ofhf föd \…P Hds ~esds vue se ~fcfzæm ~dz ofhf iumoaÿm he xàxezes+ oujaxexes+ `fzd`f+ od`ehaf vue se hem fk ~÷jkaod odm kaoemoaf he kf fuxdzahfh \…P Haew ~esds vue se ~fcfzæm ~dz ofhf jfake vue se eieox÷e odm kaoemoaf he kf fuxdzahfh zes~eoxayf \…P se bfoe kf fhyezxemoaf+ xdhd amhayahud vue ofuse f hejez um hezeobd q vue he`dze su ~fcd ~dz `æs he 2 hàfs+ ~fcfzæ ek :% `emsufk hek amxezás ~dz kf he`dzf661

661 Fouezhd `umaoa~fk mzd- 9 + _djze ~zesu~uesxd q zeofuhfoaÿm he a`~uesxds `umaoa~fkes + he : he haoae`jze he 6235+ Odmoegd @umaoa~fk Xæ`esas+ Fkofkhàf Xæ`esas 

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

Fumvue em um ~za`ez `d`emxd kfs `umaoa~fkahfhes md sae`~ze bfjàfm fooehahd+ saemhd fsà vue em Xæ`esas md se bfjàfm ~dhahd zefkawfz  jfakes huzfmxe ek ~ezadhd vue yf he 622> f 6223+

Jakkfzes xf`esamds

Md djsxfmxe+ `uobds ~zesu~uesxds he esxe xa~d ezfm erajkes f kfs has~dsaoadmes ~d~ukfzes+ q em

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 gusxf`emxe ~dzvue ek a`~uesxd f ásxds ezf `uq odsxdsd ~fzf emxdmoes7 ‛Vue ek zf`d he jfakes esxæ czfjfhd odm um a`~uesxd he 6> ~esds+ ek oufk ~dz sez eroesa yd md hfm mamc÷m ~zdhuoahd f kfs zemxfs hek hasxzaxd‐6:: ^dz xfmxd+ sec÷m kfs odmyemaemoafs se kdczfjfm zejfgfz fkcumds a`~uesxds em ~zamoa~ad hesifydzfjkes ~fzf kfs kdofkahfhes Fsà+ od`d zesukxfhd he ekkd se bfjàf kdczfhd has`amuaz f 9 ~esds keq ek a`~uesxd sdjze kds jfakes em Xæ`esas+ md vuehfmhd sfxasieobf kf ~djkfoaÿm vue+ mfk`emxe+ bfjàf kdczfhd zehuoaz f÷m `æs

haobd a`~uesxd+ vuehfmhd xfm sÿkd em : ~esds keq _axufoaÿm vue ~zdhugd od`d odmseouemoaf vue kf ~djkfoaÿm xf`esamf se `fmxuyaezf odmsxfmxe`emxe em um sdkd ofzmfyfk kkeyfhd f ofjd he `fmezf ~aofzesof+ ~uesxd vue ~fzf fvuekkf á~dof kd foe~xfjke ezf vue se jfakfzf bd`jze odm bd`jze d `ugez odm `ugez+ fod`~föfhds odm `÷saof he ouezhf vue kds `as`ds amyaxfhds fk ifmhfmcd ~fxzdoamfjfm Em eieoxd+ xdhd ásxd djeheoe f um iemÿ`emd he fhf~xfoaÿm vue se hesfzzdkkÿ em ofhf ~djkfhd< ek of`jad he esxakd f yahf uzjfmf se kkeyfjf f ofjd f ~fzxaz he um guecd em ek oufk kf yezehf zeouzzàf fk ~uejkd q ásxe f kf ouahfh q ekkf f su yew+ a`axfjf kfs idz`fs ~zdyemaemxes hek erxzfmgezd+ em esxe ofsd kfs he Euzd~f d Mdzxef`ázaof+ ~zamoa~fk`emxe

He kf `as`f `fmezf se bfjàf fooehahd f zejf gfz ek `dmxd he dxzd a`~uesxd+ he fouezhd f umf sdkaoaxuh vue bfjàfm beobd kds xf`esamds7 ‛Fzxa‛Fzxaoukd 6· zejægese f dobd ~esds ek a`~uesxd fmufk vue heje ~fcfzse ~dz cfkkezf vue se esxfjkewof em ek hasxzaxd odm ~ez`asd hek geie `umaoa~fk+ a æ oamouemxf oemxfyds kds hezeobds `emsufkes he kfs `as`fs‐6:6

6:> Fouezhd `umaoa~fk mzd- : + _dkaoaxuh he zejfgf he a`~uesxd sdjze jakkfzes+ he :9 he fjzak he 622>+ Odmoegd @umaoa~fk Xæ`esas+ Fkofkhàf Xæ`esas  6:6 Fouezhd `umaoa~fk mzd- 9 + _dkaoaxuh he zejfgf he a` ~uesxd sdjze sdjze cfkkezfs+ cfkkezfs+ he 2 he fjzak he 6226+ 6226+ Odmoegd Odmoegd @umaoa~fk  Xæ`esas+ Fkofkhàf Xæ`esas Xæ`esas 

6:: Fouezhd `umaoa~fk mzd- 6 + _dkaoaxuh he zejfgf he a` ~uesxd sdjze sdjze jfakes+ he he :: he `fqd he 6233+ Odmoegd Odmoegd @umaoa~fk  @umaoa~fk  Xæ`esas+ Fkofkhàf Xæ`esas 

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

53

Kds bfjaxfmxes he kf `dmxföf+ `dmxföezds d Djgexds vue+ sam kucfz f huhfs+ umaezdm f kf ~d‒of`~eobes‑ od`d se haoe ~d~ukfz`emxe bdq em  jkfoaÿm em umf `as`f samxdmàf `usaofk< es e s `æs+ hàf+ se hes~kfwfjfm f kfs wdmfs uzjfmfs odm ek oufmhd kkecfzdm f kf ~djkfoaÿm+ bfjàf esxfhd er~zd~ÿsaxd he fjfsxeoez sus bdcfzes odm kds yà- ~eoxfmxe xfmxd he su fzzajd+ od`d he um `dzayezes meoesfzads+ xfmxd od`d ~fzf sfxasifoez sus  jumhd vue se bfjàf mecfhd f `dzaz ~uesxd vue es~àzaxus em kf @asf hd`amaofk Xdhd ~fzf zexdz- kds dàhds he kds xf`esamds bfjàfm hesefhd f xdhf mfz hes~uás f sus yezehfs+ ejzads odm sazd~e+ odsxf esouobfz ek ~za`ez hdjke zefk he fvuekkfs obaobf he ~aöf q xf~exuwf+ ~ezd odm ek fk`f kkemf of`~fmfs6:8 he g÷jakd+ xfmxd od`d sus odsxfkes kd esxfjfm he Dxzd eke`emxd he dzhem zekacadsd iue umf a`fod`ahf cem hek _eödz Ofàhd vue bfjàf sahd od`~zfhf em ~kemd ~zdoesd iumhfoadmfk he Xæ`esas DjgeEm fvuekkds `ezofhds kdofkes kds of`~esamds xd vue f÷m em muesxzds hàfs ze~zesemxf umf ahemse suzxàfm he kf od`ahf meoesfzaf q yemhàfm kds xahfh zekacadsf a`~dzxfmxe+ q vue `fzoÿ mdxfjke~zdhuoxds vue xzfàfm heshe kfs yezehfs7 dzes+ `emxe kf ~djkfoaÿm he fvuek saxad7 vuesds+ obÿodkds+ fze~fs+ ~fmhezds+ gfjÿm he xaezzf+ izagdkes+ ofiá+ izuxfs+ ofzcfs he keöf q umf vue _e bfkkfjfm kds iumhfhdzes ^ehzd q @fdxzf fzxesfmàf beobf he cufhuf d fzoakkf Fvuezafmd+ fquhfhd he fkcumds yeoamds+ ~dkkds kucfzes xf`jaám ezfm kds fheoufhds ~fzf maemhd xeobd ~fgasd f kf of~akkf vue sezyaemxezfzse he kds ~zamoa~fkes fodmxeoa`aemxds kdzàf ~fzf ek oukxd zekacadsd+ em kf xfzhe he ? ofkes q zecadmfkes he haoae`jze he 6251+ oufmhd f~fzeoaezdm ^fzf idzxfkeoez kf ahef he ~uejkd md sÿkd jfsxfem ek ofsezàd hds amhads+ ofzcfmhd sdjze  jf xemez um `ezofhd jaem idz`fhd Fhe`æs+ ezf sus bd`jzds hds ifzhds \…P Ouæk md sezàf meoesfzaf kf odmseouoaÿm he oaezxds eke`emxds kf fh`azfoaÿm oufmhd odmxe`~kfzdm em`fxezafkes vue fquhfjfm f kf odmsdkahfoaÿm he xusafsxfs q zeyezemxes umf bez`dsf a`fsu ahemxahfh Djgexds vue em su `fqdzàf ezfm cem he Ges÷s Ofàhd+ xfkkfhf em `fhezf+ he he ofzæoxez zekacadsd he fkxf ofzcf oukxuzfk q sdzeoaemxe fofjfhd+ q ouqd zdsxzd+ suzofhd oafk Vuawæ kds ~za`ezds eke`emxds he kf oukxuzf he sfmcze+ ek ouez~d f`dzfxfhd q kkemd `fxezafk vue ahemxaofzdm kds ~djkfhdzes xf`e he bezahfs+ ams~azfjfm ~zdiumhf q samoesamds+ q vue he fkcumf `fmezf ze~zesemxÿ ~fzf zf od`~fsaÿm q `dyàf ek fk`f odm xaezmds fvuákkds um yezhfhezd dzcukkd ~dz yayaz em esxf semxa`aemxds he yemezfoaÿm q f`dz _u zecaÿm+ iuezdm kfs ~za`ezfs of`~fmfs od`~zf`azfz xdhd `fmsehu`jze+ kf jdof f`dhfs ~fzf ek xe`~kd hek ~uejkd7 ‛\…P em emezd he zfxfhf a`fmfhd sfmcze+ kfs ammu`ezfjkes 6238 se emcfkfmÿ he hds of`~fmfs xzfàhfs heshe bezahfs em sus `ae`jzds zekeyfzdm kds Kdmhzes He xfm fcuhf yajzfoaÿm q sdmdzahfh `æs amxemsds ~fheoa`aemxds 6:5 vue fkofmwfjfm f dàzse heshe f~fzxfhds zamodmes hek @umaoa~ad \…P xzfms~dzxfhfs heshe Ze`dkamd Fxkæmxaod Fxkæmxaod q hdmfhfs ~dz ~d z ^ehzd Dzdwod q Zfifekf Cÿ`ew‐6:?

6:8 Xzasxe`emxe bfq vue heoaz vue kfs of`~fmfs ke iuezdm er~zd~afhfs fk `umaoa~ad he Xæ`esas ~dz heoasaÿm he um a`~ezxa-

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52

memxe sfoezhdxe vue hesodmdoàf ek sacmaofhd basxÿzaod vue xemàfm-

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Ajàh+ ~+ ??

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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6:9 6:3 6:2

Ajàh+ ~+ ?8 Ajàh+ ~+ ?8 Ajàh+ ~+ ?8

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6:1

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

51

^zdoesaÿm hek _eödz Ofàhd

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Odmxzf ek eme`acd

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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zes~exd vue se xaeme ~dz kf zekacaÿm q sus `amasxzds< kds ukxzfges f kfs a`æcemes sfczfhfs q ek hesed hek kajezfkas`d he a`~kfmxfz kf ehuofoaÿm kfaof q ek haydzoad yamoukfz q saemhd qd ~za`ezd ofxÿkaod vue kajezfk+ `e yed djkacfhd+ ~dzvue fsà `e kd haoxf kf odmoaemoaf he bd`jze ozeqemxe f se~fzfz`e ~fzf sae`~ze he kfs kfs kajezfkes+ ~ahaemhd fsakd em kfs kfs hek odmsezyfxas`d+ ~fzxahd idz`fhd ~dz bd`jzes bdmzfhds q sfmds vue yezhfhezf`emxe zes~exfm q bfoem zes~exfz kfs ozeemoafs zekacadsfs Fk odmsezyfxas`d ~zesxfzá he bdq em fhekfmxe `as sezyaoads hesamxezesfhds q em kf `ehahf he `as iuezwfs ^fzf odmsxfmoaf iz`f ~dz `à kf ~zesemxe ~zdxesxf ek seödz Hm Yàoxdz Dzdwod+ f vuaem fuxdzawd ~fzf ekkd+ fmxe xesxacds+ em Xæ`esas f ?> he `fqd he 61?3--- f

zuecd+ Yàoxdz Dzdwod C Xesxacd Zfifek Bezmæmhew ‟ Gdfvuàm Wf~fxf‟ Zf`ÿm Cazfkhd M‐ 6?:

^zesaÿm ~dkàxaof- ‛Ydxf sà d sà‐ 6?:

Ajàh+ sezae 65+ mzd+ 35+ Xæ`esas gumad 5 he 61?3+ ~+ :

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Em Xæ`esas+ kf gumxf hazeoxayf hek Oemxzd E~aifmad @egàf esxfjf amxeczfhf ~dz umf zeh bez`áxaof he cf`dmfkes vue amxeczfjfm ek hazeoxdzad odmsezyfhdz q kfs ammu`ezfjkes fsdoafoadmes zekacadsfs hek `umaoa~ad Bfoàfm ~fzxe he umds sec`emxds vue ze~zesemxfjfm kf haiezemoafoaÿm esxf`emxfk ^dz ege`~kd7 kds vue amxeczfjfm kf  Gumxf hazeoxayf q ek oufhzd he bdmdz hek Oemxzd E~aifmad @egàf em ek föd he 61?6 iuezdm esxds ~ezsdmfges7 -Ek ~zesahemxe hek oemxzdTTTTTTZfifek G @egàf O -Ek yaoe~zesahemxe hek oemxzdTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGdfvuàm Yákew Xdzd -Ek jdofk he kf GHTTTTTTTTTTT@fmuek Odzzef Z -Ek jdofk he kf GHTTTTTTTTTTZdjezxd Djfmhd O -Ek jdofk he kf GHTTTTTTTTT^ehzd Mek Odzzef O -Ek seozexfzad hek oemxzdTTTTTTTTTGufm J Dssf ^ -Kf ~zesahemxf hek oufhzd he bdmdzTTTTTTTTTTTTX bdmdzTTTTTTTTT TTTXezesf ezesf Djfmhd O -Kf yase~zasahemxf hek oufhzd he bdmdzTTTTTTTTTTTTT@fzàf Odzzef B -Kf jdofkTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@fxakhe Fkyfzew @ -Kf jdofkTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTZfvuek Odzzef Y -Kf jdofkTTTTTTTTTTTTTT@fchfkemf zesxze~d E -Kf seozexfzaf hek oufhzd he bdmdzTTTTTTEkasf Xfkezd Y he Yákew6?? Fsà+ esxf ~djkfoaÿm ~zesu`àf he oaezxd czfhd he fjdkemcd+ mdjkewf q+ sdjze xdhd+ zeokf`fjfm ~ezxemeoez f juemfs if`akafs ^dz xfmxd+ sacuaemhd esxf xÿmaof+ kd vue zeyekf kf xzfhaoaÿm es oÿ`d kf jaxæodzf hek `umaoa~ad iue kkeyfhf f ofjd ~dz if`akafs vue hexemxfzdm ek ~dhez f xzfyás he yfzafs cemezfoadmes Umf ~zuejf he ekkd kf odmsxaxuqe umf ~ujkaofoaÿm vue bawd ek ~ezaÿhaod Kf ^fkfjzf ek ?> he se~xae`jze he 61:: em ek fzxàoukd f zxàoukd kkf`fhd Umf If`akaf ^zayakecafhf7

6?? Eods he Xæ`esas + ~ezaÿhaod hek Dzcfmd hek Oemxzd ‛E~aifmad @egàf‐+ sezae secumhf+ mzd+ 68+ ~+ : Xæ`esas se~xae`jze 5 he 61?6

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

96

Md ~dhe`ds zesasxaz fk hesed he kkeyfz f odmdoa`aemxd he muesxzds keoxdzes kf es~eoafkàsa`f oufkahfh vue fhdzmf q zefkwf ek Odmoegd em ouqfs `fmds esxæ bdq kf hazeooaÿm he kds hesxamds he esxf f`fhàsa`f xaezzf "! esxds kds `ae`jzds hek bdmdzfjke Odmoegd `umaoa~fk he Xæ`esas kacfhds ~dz yàmoukds he if`akaf kd vue md hegf he sez `uq jdmaxd + fumvue ~dz kd he`æs vuaem sfje

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Fmxes md mds er~kaof`ds od`d md es vue md bf f~zemhahd `æs Xeme`ds cfmfmhd suekhd+ xzes bagds he odmoegfkes q um bez`fmd ´Q od`d `e ~zecumxfm usxehes4 _emoakkf`emxe+ ~dzvue ~fzf fkcd bf he sezyaz kf kfzcf ~zæoxaof he Hdm Fhdkid \…P odmsahezd vue fkcumds bdmdzfjkes BB+ xfk yew md xaeme ek xfkemxd suoaemxe

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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kf kdouzf+ oaemxàof`emxe hafcmdsxaofhf+ hek

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Kds ~fxzadxfs _e zeodmdoe f xdhds kds zesezyasxfs q ydkumxfzads he Xæ`esas vue em esxds hàfs he e`eze`e zcemoaf q ~ekaczd ~fzf kf ~fxzaf fouhaezdm f dizeoez sus sezyaoads fk cdjaezmd em um foxd he ~fxzadxas`d vue kds bdmzf q ~dme `uq em fkxd ek md`jze he muesxzf oauhfh Yfzads odmxamcemxes sfkaezdm bfoaf @ehekkàm f zeokf`fz su ~uesxd he ~ekaczd em heiemsf hek cdjaezmd kecaxa`d+ vue fidzxumfhf`emxe md meoesaxÿ kds sezyaoads he kds hdsoaemxds ydkumxfzads \…P kds he`æs zeczesfzdm f ofsf f heiemhez muesxzf bezehfh f`emfwfhf ~dz kds jæzjfzds \…P yacakfmhd he oezof f oaezxds sugexds vue md xuyaezdm e`~fobd em he`dsxzfz kf sfxasifooaÿm ~dz ek cdk~e od`umasxf izusxzfhd+ sugexds emxze kds oufkes bfq fkcumds zeiucafhds he dxzfs ~djkfoadmes q+ kd vue es `æs kf`emxfjke+ bagds he esxf oauhfh+ xdhds kds oufkes odkdofze`ds em kf kasxf meczf od`d f~æxzahfs Vue se~fm kds zeiucafhds vue esxfze`ds fkezxf yacakfmhd sus ~fsds6?9

~fzxahds amuemoafjfm f kf cemxe he idz`fs `uq hazeoxfs+ eracaemhd+ jfgd f`emfwf he fczfyad+ kf -

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_u`asaÿm of`~esamf fk ~dkàxaod uzjfmd 6?9

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

D~+ Oax+ sezae 6>?+ mzd+ 566+ fjzak :8 he 6182+ ~+ xezoezf

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Kfs cuezzfs oayakes hek sackd RAR hezzdxf-  jkfhdzes- Oazoumsxfmoaf vue kds zeegfjf od`d zdm ek ~emsf`aemxd kajezfk+ ek zfhaofkas`d `emxazdsds+ kecukeqds+ juzÿozfxfs+ xamxezakkds he q kf xzfhaoaÿm akusxzfhf he kds seoxdzes ~esd u bd`jzes ifksf`emxe f~fsadmfhds vue em he`dozæxaods+ e a`~usaezdm mfk`emxe `d`emxds he hejakahfh se fhbezàfm iæoak`emxe um záca`em fzasxdozæxaod okezaofk+ oemxzf- fk ~fzxahd hek oufk ~dhàfm sfofz `fqdz kawfhd ouqf odmsxaxuoaÿm ~zd`ukcfhf em ~zdyeobd 6229+ cdjezmÿ fk ~fàs huzfmxe `æs he oaem föds Esxe záca`em odmyazxaÿ f Odkd`jaf em umd he kds ~fàses `æs odmsezyfhdzes hek odmxamemxe F ~esfz he kds esiuezwds kajezfkes he @fmuek @uzakkd Xdzd+ Xd`æs Oa~zafmd he @dsvuezf+ he Gdsá Bakfzad Kÿ~ew+ vuaám bfjàf heozexfhd kf kajezxfh he kds esokfyds em 6258+ fmxes vue kds Esxfhds Umahds+ f ~esfz he czfmhes kuobfs he`dozæxaofs+ kf sdoaehfh Odkd`jafmf se oezzÿ jfgd ek ~dhez he kds xezzfxemaemxes q ek okezd< kf ackesaf q ek Esxfhd+ se odmiumhaezdm em umf f`fkcf`f amhaiezemoafhf q meifsxf+ ek àmhaoe ofxÿkaod ~zdbajaÿ kf keoxuzf kajze huzfmxe juemf ~fzxe hek sackd+ kf ehuofoaÿm esxuyd `fmegfhf ~dz kf ackesaf…\…P6?3

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98

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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6?2 6?1

Ek Odmsezyfhdz + Xæ`esas Fmxadvuaf+ Emezd ?> he 618?+ ~+ 6 _fkf he ~zemsf7 _fkf ^fxza`dmad Umayezsahfh he Fmxadvuaf+ @ehekkàm @exæidzfs erxzfàhfs he U`jezxd Eod+  Kf askf hek hàf he fmxes+ fmxes+ Jfzoekdmf+ Ehaxdzafk Ku`em

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

95

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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kf ~zemsf he~fzxf`emxfk q mfoadmfk+ fjsdzjaezdm he fkcumf `fmezf ek amxezás ~dz kfs ~ujkaofoadmes kdofkes ^ezd ~dz emoa`f he xdhd ekkd kds amaoads he esds ~za`ezds amxemxds he bfoez ~zemsf se hesfzzdkkfm ~dz kf meoesahfh he `fmaiesxfz xdhd um semxaz ~d~ukfz+ em basxdzafs q `e`dzafs he um ~uejkd em jzu`f

653

Eods he Xæ`esas+ sezae 6+ mzd+ 6+ ~+ oufzxf+ Fcdsxd Fcdsxd 65 he 61:1

Fsà ~ues+ em kf háofhf he kds föds 9>+ huzfmxe

umfs ydxfoadmes ~fzf odz~dzfoadmes ~÷jkaofs q ~zesahemxe+ em ek ~ezadhd hek izemxe Mfoadmfk+ Hdm Gdsá+ "VE^H! huzfmxe kf se`fmf+ em sus mofs+ zeodcàf kfs oáhukfs he ‛sus‐ xzfjfgfhdzes

q f`acds ~dkàxaods q he ~fzxahd< odm ek ~zd~ÿsaxd odfoxayd he bfoezkds ydxfz ~dz kds ofmhahfxds he sus fieoxds- Ezf xfmxf kf hesodmfmwf vue se

yayàf bfoaf ek of`~esamd+ vue em ek `d`emxd he suizfcfz+ em hds ~fvuexes f`fzzfhds odm ofjuqf+ kfs heoemfs he oáhukfs ezfm emxzecfhfs odm su zes~eoxayf ~f~ekexf< ~dzvue he md bfoezkd+ ezf xf`jaám ek hes~ahd he su xzfjfgd Es heoaz+ md ezf umf yezhfhezf he`dozfoaf+ samd umf haoxfhuzf `ehafhf ~dz kds amxezeses ~fzxahasxfs ^dsxezadz`emxe+ ~fzf sufyawfz kf odmoaemoaf he ák q he kds `uobds xzfjfgfhdzes+ um suoukemxd fk`uezwd ‛fcfsfgfjf‐ kf meoesahfh he xemez vue ydxfz `uobfs yeoes odmxzf su ydkumxfh+ odmxzf sus ~zd~ads ~zamoa~ads Hazeoxdzads ~dkàxaods kdofkes+ zecadmfkes q mfoadmfkes ezfm kd vue `fma~ukfjfm kfs odmoaemoafs sà d sà 652

652

Ek Odmsezyfhdz + Xæ`esas Fmxadvuaf+ Emezd >: he 61?8+ ~+ ? _fkf he ~zemsf7 ^fxza`dmad Umayezsahfh he Fmxadvuaf+ @ehekkàm

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

36

Ese ~zeoasd hàf kf cemxe+ d `egdz haobd kf ‛~keje‐+ xemàf ek sfzxám ~dz ek `fmcd+ bfoàfm um guecd he `æsofzfs hdmhe hdmhe ~dhàfm yemcfzse+ juzkfzse he sus eme`acds odm kf sdmzasf fmobf+ he hesofzcf+ he sfxasifooaÿm+ ~dzvue em fvuek `d`emxd+ ekkds+ kds of`~esamds+ kf ~keje+ xemàfm ek ~dhez Fsà iuezf ~dz umfs bdzfs

Iaejze ~dkàxaof em Xæ`esas

Ezf meoesfzad ydxfz ~dz ek ~ezsdmfge he kds fieoxds he su ~fxzÿm+ he su ~zd~ad jemeoad+ ~dzvue he kd odmxzfzad sacmaofjf kf ~ezhahf hek

e`~ked Fhe`æs ~fzf kf hamæ`aof ~d~ukfz ezf `æs a`~dzxfmxe ek xzfjfgd vue ek amxezás ~dz umf saxufoaÿm ~dkàxaof< amokusd+ `uobds of`~esamds ezfm q sdm fmfkifjexfs+ xdz~es he kexzfs q hesodmdoehdzes he kf a`~dzxfmoaf hek suizfcad< emxdmoes+ ezfm emcföfhds em ek `d`emxd he suizfcfz+ of`jaæmhdkes `uobfs yeoes ek ydxd em umf fooaÿm hdmhe kf `fmd es `æs zæ~ahf vue ek dgd+ he akusadmas`d ~dkàxaod+ ~ues+ se ydxfjf ~dz ek odmxzfzad fk hek ~fzxahd vue ~dz xzfhaoaÿm hejàfm bfoezkd

^dz ekkd umf xzfaoaÿm d eme`asxfh ezf haiàoak`emhai àoak`emxe ~ezhdmfhf+ ~ezd se dkyahfjf ~dz umds amsxfmxes+ ~ues fk m he ouemxfs su`fjf+ mueyds od`~fzxahfzads fk ~fzxahd ~fzxahd Gusxf`emxe kf saxufoaÿm ezf cfmfz f od`d haezf kucfz Xfmxd ezf ek kkf`fhd ~dz ~fzxe he kf ~zemsf kdofk f kf ~djkfoaÿm ~fzf vue egezoaezf hek hezeobd f ydxfz vue ~zdkaiezfzdm em ek `umaoa~ad he Xæ`esas X æ`esas fzxàoukds vue fma`fjfm f kds cdhds odmxzf kds `fsdmes kajezfkes ^dz ege`~kd+ Ek Odmsezyfhdz hek @umaoa~ad he Xæ`esas ~ujkaof ek : he emezd he 61?8+ 61?8 + umd he sus xfmxds fzxàoukds fk zes~eoxd7 Kf fuxdzahfh heje egezoezse em iumoaÿm he sus hejezes q md he sus hezeobds Ek ~dhez ~÷jkaod a`~kaof um sezyaoad+ md um ~zayakecad+ er~zesÿ fkcumf yew um czfm ~emsfhdz Ek ~fzxahd kajezfk bf a`~kfmxfhd em Odkd`jaf ek okfm ~dkàxaod+ ek cdjaezmd erokusayasxf+ he czu~d q he ~fzxahd< kf Ze~÷jkaof he Odkd`jaf+ czfmhe q ~fzf xdhds+ bf sahd su~kfmxfhf ~dz kf Ze~÷jkaof kajezfk+ `ewvuamf+ ~fzf usuizuoxd sdkf`emxe he kds hexemehdzes hek ~dhez q sus f÷kaods Es ~zeoasd f xdhf odsxf+ xzaumifz em kfs ~zÿra`fs ekeooadmes em xdhd ek ~fàs q `æs f÷m em Fmxadvuaf odm fsf`jkef he `fqdzàf odmsezyfhdzf q odm odmczesd mu`ezfzaf`emxe odmsezyfhdz+ kf Ze~÷jkaof ~dhzæ emhezewfzse ~dz kds ofuses hek dzhem+ he kf zekacaÿm+ he kf dzcfmawfoaÿm iàsaof q he kf `dzfk fh`amasxzfxayf‐651

^dz ekkd+ ek hàf he kfs ekeooadmes ezf umf izfmgf he xae`~d he yaxfk a`~dzxfmoaf< um `d`emxd he `fzzukkfs ~dkàxaofs+ odizfhàfs q xæoxaofs he he~zehfoaÿm+ kfxzdoamad+ zf~foezàf he kfs yàoxa`fs hes~asxfhfs+ vue em esxe ofsd sdm kds ~djzes he es~àzaxu q he d~amaÿm _am e`jfzcd+ md se ~uehe cemezfkawfz xfm fjaezxf`emxe Kds of`~esamfs xf`jaám fjusfjfm he ese hàf em ~fzxaoukfz< su acmdzfmoaf q oecuezf ezf od`~emsfhf ~dz kf bfjakahfh he sfjez sfofz yemxfgf he kf saxufoaÿm< emcföfjfm f kds ~dkàxaods zeoajaemhd yfzads ydxds+ vue ze~zesemxfjfm yfzads fk`uezwds q `ezofhds ~fzf su if`akaf Um of`~esamd od`àf em um hàf kd vue huzfmxe xdhd ek föd md kd bawd< semxfhd em kds `egdzes zesxfuzfmxes hek ~uejkd+ `dsxzfmhd odm su zdsxzd kf sezaehfh `æs yebe`emxe he fod`~föf`aemxd ~dkàxaod+ ~ezd em ek idmhd+ juzkæmhdse he kf hejakahfh he ese fhfkah+ vue esxfjf odm kf sdcf em ek ouekkd+ sus~azfmhd q ~ahaemhd bu`akkfhd em ese ~zeoasd hàf+ f kds vue huzfmxe xdhd ek föd ~uhd xemez em d~zesaÿm+ ek fmbekfhd ydxaod ~dz ek ~fzxahd hek of`jad

3:

651

D~+ Oax+ Kf Ydw Kajezfk + mzd+ 9+ `fzwd : he 61?1

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

Amxezesfmxe kkf`fhd f kf ~djkfoaÿm+ ~ues es `uq diemsayf q fkxf`emxe fczesayf _am e`jfzcd+ kf odmydofxdzaf f ydxfz ezf umf eracemoaf xf`jaám he kds kajezfkes vue ~zedou~fhds ~dz kf amhaiezemoaf he kf ~djkfoaÿm oufmhd md amsozajàfm kfs oáhukfs he oauhfhfmàf 7

•

 FHYEZXEMOAF A@^DZXFMXE A@^DZXFMXE

Odmsezyfhdz  • Ek kajezfkas`d+ odmyaeme zeodzhfzkd es um ~fzxahd he zejekaÿm< es ek `as`d zemecfhd hek sackd RYA vue odm md`jze he ~zdxesxfmxas`d se zeyekÿ odmxzf kf fuxdzahfh es~aza-

Xemcf Uh ~zesemxe+ seödz kajezfk+ vue kf oáhukf he oauhfhfmàf es FJ_DKUXF@EMXE meoesfzaf ~fzf ~dhez egezoez ek hezeobd he suizfcad ^dz mamc÷m `dxayd dkyahe+ ~ues+ su oáhukf \P hàf he kfs ekeooadmes ~fzf ha~uxfhds f kf fsf`jkef q ze~zesemxfmxes f kf oæ`fzf Ek vue md esxæ odm mdsdxzds Esxæ odmxzf mdsdxzds69>

Md djsxfmxe+ ~fzf od`~zemhez `egdz ek guecd kamcûàsxaod+ es ~zeoasd bfoez ek egezoaoad he od`~fzfz fkcumds od`umaofhds he ~zemsf kdofk ka jezfk q odmsezyfhdzf he Xæ`esas Er~zesfm saxufoadmes vue ~uehem sez fmdhamfs+ ~ezd vue sfk~aofm f kf ~djkfoaÿm odm azf q zesemxa`aemxd fkzehehdz he su odmxzfzad+ he su ~zd~ad bez`fmd q yeoamd

\…P Em muesxzd of`~d xdhd `umhd cdwf he kajezxfh e amhe~emhemoaf _e djzf kajze q foxayf`emxe _e ~zdoehe odm mdoaÿm okfzf he kf zes~dmsfjakahfh Em muesxzd ~fzxahd xdhds sd`ds zes~dmsfjkes+ ~dzvue xdhds sd`ds kajzes

xufk hek ~dmxaofhd q odmxzf kf gezfzvuàf he

kf ackesaf698 •

_d`ds odmsezyfhdzes em ~dkàxaof q ~dz odmyaooadmes+ ~dz xe`~ezf`emxd q ~dz esxáxaof695

•

Kf Ze~÷jkaof kajezfk+ `ewvuamf+ ~fzf usuizuoxd sdkf`emxe he kds hexemehdzes hek ~dhez699

•

@fmwfmakkds+ fzzehdmhasxfs+ oayakasxfs d fmxakd~asxfs‐ Kajezfkes `ewvuamds693

Kajezfk • q bfq hàfs em vue sd`ds ‛xfm iázxakes‐+ ‛xfm iázxakes‐Vue mds hes~fobuzzf`ds sd jze ‛ ek odmsezyfhdz‐Jfgd ek xe`ajke ~æmaod hek ~esd he esxds yæmhfkds vue esxæm ofsa esxza~æmhdmds kf dzxÿ~xezf fz`fwÿm696 •

ek cf`dmfk ~uejkezamd q xzfsmdobfhd+ he oezejzd ofmagd q xuzjaf amxekacemoaf \…P f esxe zd~fyegezd+ vue kkecÿ fvuà buqámhdke f su ~fsfhd q f vuaám fxdzmakkf ek hesed he sez fkcumf odsf sam ~dhez sez mfhf69:

•

\…P Kf obus`f hdkaemxe+ sezyak e acmdzfmxe+ `fzobf he xu`jd em xu`jd od`d um ifmxfs`fk jdzzfobd+ od`d umf oufhzakkf amodmsoaemxe+ f iuezwf he kfxacfwds q ~dz yazxuh he kf odfooaÿm q jfgd kf amuemoaf he kf f`emfwf q hek xe`dz zeyezemoafk \…P ze~xak ~dmwdödsd q seödzes odmsezyfhdzes ofzzdöf69?

69> 696 69: 69?

D~+ Oax+ Kf Ydw Kajezfk + mzd+ 9+ `fzwd : he 61?1 Ajàh+ Kf Ydw Kajezfk + mzd+ 1+ ~+ 8+ doxujze :2 he 61?1 Ajàh+ Kf Ydw Kajezfk + ~+ ?+ haoae`jze : he 61?1 D~+ Oax+ Kf Ydw Kajezfk + ~+ ?+ haoae`jze : he 61?1

698 695 699 693

Ek Odmsezyfhdz + Xæ`esas Fmxadvuaf+ Emezd >: he 618?+ ~+ 8 _fkf he ~zemsf 7 Ek Odmsezyfhdz + Xæ`esas Fmxadvuaf+ Emezd :3 he 618?+ ~+ 6 _fkf he ~zemsf 7 Kf ^fkfjzf+ Xæ`esas Fmxadvuaf+ fcdsxd :3 he 61:3+ ~+ 6 7 _fkf he ~zemsf 7 Ek Odmsezyfhdz + Xæ`esas Fmxadvuaf+ Emezd ?> he 618?+ ~+ 6 _fkf he ~zemsf 7 _fkf ^fxza`dmad Umayezsahfh he Fmxadvuaf+ @ehekkàm

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

3?

Md ezf ~fzf mfhf iæoak kf yahf em ek `umaoa~ad oufmhd se ~zesemxfjfm kuobfs he ~fzxahd Oufmhd kf ouk~f zeofàf em fkc÷m ~ezsdmfge+ sa esxfjf zes~fkhfhd ~dz ek cdjaezmd he xuzmd+ kf saxufoaÿm se ~dhàf ze`ehafz ^ezd sa ek fieoxfhd hesfzzdkkÿ yemcfmwf ~dz su ~zd~af ouemxf q md ezf he kds fieoxds he kf hamæ`aof ~d~ukfz+ `fs yfke vue se ~zdxecaezf jaem+ ~dzvue he kd odmxzfzad ezf su `uezxe secuzf

Um erxzföd em ofsf

Esod~exezds vue fjumhfzdm em Xæ`esas ~dz odmxzfhaooadmes ~dkàxaofs

Umf jfxfkkf yezjfk vue ~fsfjf fk esoemfzad he odmizdmxfoadmes ~ezsdmfkes+ yemcfmwfs+ zfjafs q ~fsadmes vue hegfzdm `uobd hdkdz em kf sdoaehfh xf`esamf Es `æs+ fjumhfzdm kfs oufhzakkfs he esod~exezds em kds of`amds+ ~ezkfhds em fk c÷m zf`fk+ fsecuzfmhd em umf bdzvuexf ek oföÿm q fcufmxfmhd kf zes~azfoaÿm fmxe ek eieoxayd  jfkfwd em kf ofjewf he fkc÷m kajezfk em odmxzf he Hads d he um Odmsezyfhdz he of`æmhukf< q hes~uás sfkaz od`d sa mfhf+ ~zecumxfmhd vuaám bfjàf sahd ek `uezxd @uezxes vue bfoàfm e`aczfz f if`akafs emxezfs< ~ues em esxf cuezzf he d~amaÿm ~fzxahasxf+ fma`fhf ~dz kf Ackesaf+ kf ~djkfoaÿm odmxzfzaf hejàf ~fzxaz zæ~ahf`emxe+ `uobfs yeoes hegfmhd xdhd+ emxzecfmhd ek xzfjfgd he kfzcds föds f ~zeoads àm`ds+ ~dzvue he ~ez`fmeoez em ek kucfz+ su

if`akaf+ sam a`~dzxfz maöds q `ugezes+ sezàfm `fsfozfhds sam oke`emoaf+ ~dz umf jfkf ~ezhahf d kf ozuwfhf es~fhf vue em muesxzf xaezzf es ek odmxumhemxe `fobexe gusxaoafhdz he kf yezhfh hayamf

38

^dz kd cemezfk oufmhd fkc÷m cdjaezmd zeou~ezf jf ek ~dhez+ kf oufhzakkf he `akaxfmxes ~ucmfjfm ~dz kds ~zamoa~fkes ofzcds vue xzfàf esxfz em ek cdjaezmd- ^dz ege`~kd+ hes~uás he 61?>+ oufm hd kds kajezfkes zeou~ezfzdm ek `fmhfxd+ bfsxf ek föd he 618:+ fk `umaoa~ad he Xæ`esas kkecfzdm iumoadmfzads f hazacaz kfs zaemhfs hek `umaoa~ad+ ~ezsdmfs erxzföfs fk f`jaemxe sdoafk hek kucfz Fkofkhes q iumoadmfzads he ~dkaoàf vue ~dmàfm em yakd f kf ~djkfoaÿm oufmhd vuezàf zeokf`fz fkcuf kcumf amgusxaoaf Kf ~djkfoaÿm es~ezfjf er~eoxfmxe kf kkecfhf he su ~za`ez `fmhfxfzad+ um erxzföd vue se amsxfkfjf em kf fczesxe `dmxföf+ hdmhe ezf zeoajahd+ fhe`æs+ ~dz kf ákaxe hek ~uejkd em oeze`dmaf ~d~ukfz+ odm `asf ~dz ek ouzf ~æzzdod q sezemfxf he kf jfmhf `umaoa~fk _fmxf Oeoakaf d kf Kazf ^dkd+ odm fcfsfgd amokuahd< od`ahf+ kaodz q sávuaxd he kfofqds f sus ÿzhemes ^ues ezf iumhf`emxfk ~fzf kf a`fcem+ q fsà+ ese fxuzhahd ~za`ez `fmhfxfzad+ se samxaezf em ofsf q od`~zemhaezf kf odzhafkahfh hek ~djkfhd+ he su mueyd ~umxd he xzfjfgd Kf czfm `fqdzàf he esxds mueyds Fkofkhes kkecfjfm he dxzd He~fzxf`emxd `uq hasxfmxe+ sam sfjez ma savuaezf kf hamæ`aof he yahf hek kucfz+ ma `uobd `emds kfs meoesahfhes kdofkes He ese `dhd fjusfjfm hek ~dhez ~fzf sfoafz sus ~zdiumhds jdksakkds q su amoesfmxe kuguzaf odm kf seödzaxf `æs jdmaxf q zes~exudsf hek ~uejkd Q od`d sa iuezf ~dod+ oufmhd ~fzxàfm hegfjfm ek `umaoa~ad em kf vuaejzf+ md sÿkd eodmÿ`aof+ samd um bfkd he xzasxewf em fvuekkfs akusadmfhfs q hekaoadsfs gdyemoaxfs xf`esamfs< ~fzxàfm sfxasieobds+ odm kf sdmzasf q kf `azfhf ~ezyezsf q oákejze+ he xemez em su `e`dzaf kds `d`emxds he ckdzaf od`d Fkofkhe q od`d sehuoxdz he kfs akusfs emf`dzfhfs `dmxföezfs Hegfmhd sÿkd ek zeouezhd he kfs heuhfs q kfs mdobes esxzekkfhfs he ~zd`esfs amou`~kahfs

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

Kds Fkofkhes em ese emxdmoes ezfm sezes amxdof- Fodmxeoa`aemxds vue hegfm yez vue esxfs fod`e jkes+ oekesxafkes+ zeqes he kf `dmxföf d hayamahf- xahfs amhayahufkes se f`~fzfm em ek ~f~ek ~fzf hes he kf ~dkàxaof _a um sugexd od`÷m q odzzaem-  jaem d ~fzf `fk< `uesxzf umf kajezxfh em kf erxe ezf yasxd odm ek juzcd`fesxze+ fhukfjf he su ~zesaÿm ze~za`ahf ~dz oaezxd+ ~dz kf xzfhaoaÿm hek f`asxfh q zekfoaÿm odm ek ~za`ez `fmhfxfzad+ hd`amad odmsezyfhdz em Fmxadvuaf+ e`~föfhd haoaemhd fhe`æs+ ¦qd sdq f`acd hek Fkofkhe&- He ~dz a`fcamfzads oekesxafkes vue ~uehem zesdkyez ese `dhd umf he kfs ~dofs `fmezfs he zeokf`fz kds ~zdjke`fs xezzemfkes+ ~ezd vue se emouemhe kf ~djkfoaÿm ezf heshe kfs ~ujkaofoadmes+ qf xzfm jfgd ek eieoxd he umf sdmzasf Kfs diemsayfs vue bfoezkd izemxe f izemxe+ ze~zesemxfjf odzzez se ~ujkaofjfm em kf ~zemsf kdofk he umf `fmezf ek zaescd he sez odmhemfhd he fczesaÿm f umf xfmxd hazeoxf od`d sfzoæsxaof+ `dzhfw+ azfsoafuxdzahfh ~÷jkaof+ q ~dz emhe ?> hàfs he oæzoek-  jke q zasajke Haobd he dxzd `dhd+ se od`aemwf Kf `fqdzàf he kfs amodmidz`ahfhes iuezdm he um Zemfoa`aemxd+ umf kajezfoaÿm he kf sdoaehfh+ xa~d sdoafk7 kf ifkxf he kuw ekáoxzaof+ fcuf ~dxfjke+ umf mueyf er~zesaÿm `æs uahf+ md xfm ofsxacf  jföds ~÷jkaods q dxzfs meoesahfhes jæsaofs7 hdzf Qf kf cemxe yf ~ezhaemhd kf of~foahfh he Md sdkd se hes~dxzaofjf hek fkofkhe+ iumoadmf- fsd`jzd+ ~ues kf ~dkàxaof kdofk+ kfs juzkfs f kds zads d odmoegfkes+ samd xf`jaám kf juzkf q kf sæxazf fkofkhes+ odmoegfkes q iumoadmfzads oufmhd md ezfm bezzf`aemxfs he diemsayf sdoafk7 _fmcze Gd- fkeooadmfm sus iumoadmes+ es `egdz zeàz odm azdyem+ ~ezaÿhaod he xamxes kajezxamds hek @umaoa~ad màf vue sez ~fzxaoà~es he su ame~xaxuh he Xæ`esas ~ujkaoÿ em Gumad ? he 61:2+ um fzxàoukd he um hafzad izfmoás foezof hek `fxza`dmad Um hafzad izfmoás fjzaÿ umf emouesxf sdjze ek `fxza`dmad Be fvuà fkcumfs he kfs zes~uesxfs `æs amxezesfmxes • Um `ehaod 7  Es umf ejze amxez`axemxe vue se amaoaf odm `uq fkxf xe`~ezfxuzf q xez`amf odm um ‛emizaf`aemxd‐ • Um esozaxdz 7 - Es umf mdyekf vue md fh`axe secumhf ehaoaÿm • Um kdsdid7 - Es umf ofhemf xfm ~esfhf+ vue `uobfs yeoes zevuaeze ek odmouzsd he xzes ~fzf ~dhezkf sd~dzxfz • Um iàsaod7 - Hds cdxfs he foeaxe sdjze ek fcuf+ vue md kdczfm gumxfzse gf`æs • Um `fxe`æxaod7 - Es umf ~zd~dzoaÿm he ? xáz`amds odmdoahds7 ek `fzahd+ kf `ugez q kf sueczf Q umd amoÿcmaxd 7 kf iekaoahfh692

Es ~ezxamemxe heoaz vue haobd fzxàoukd - czfoadsd - ~uehe xemez kf amxemsaÿm `ezf`emxe he kf od`aoahfh+ ~ezd sa kd ye`ds `æs fkkæ hek a`~foxd he kf juzkf amdiemsayf he umf xzfhaoaÿm od`d ek `fxza`dmad vue es mdz`f zekacadsf he sdkahew if`akafz q esxfxfk+ es amhuhfjke`emxe umf hazeoxf diemsayf f kf xzfhaoaÿm 692

_fmcze Gdyem + Xæ`esas Fmxadvuaf+ Gumad >? he 61:2+ ~+ ? 7 _fkf he ~zemsf 7 _fkf ^fxza`dmad Umayezsahfh he Fmxadvuaf+ @ehekkàm

Ek huzd xzfjfgd he kds Fkofkhes he Xæ`esas

He dxzd kfhd kd vue se ~uehe f~zeoafz em kf ~zemsf kdofk es um samm÷`ezd he fodmxeoa`aemxds vue fquhfm f esxzuoxuzfz umf yezhfhezf d~amaÿm ~d~ukfz Kf sdoaehfh qf xemàf umf ~evueöf ~ezd eofw fz`f he od`jfxe em zes~uesxf f kds

beobds vue xzfmsouzzàfm em ek Cdjaezmd+ fhe`æs he kf ~dsajakahfh he az esouk~aemhd umf d~amaÿm ~dkàxaof ~zd~af+ fsà iuezf gucfmhd odm kds amxezeses he kds `fmhfxfzads+ em um guecd he eokáoxaods ~ezd fk m he ouemxfs odm umf odmyaooaÿm

he sà `as`ds ^zdoesd vue md se bujaezf hfhd samd es ~dz kfs huzfs er~ezaemoafs he kds ~za`ezds föds hek hd`amad he d~amaÿm+ q vue qf odm ek xzfmsouzsd hek xae`~d q ek ~dsaoadmf`aemxd he kf ~zemsf kdofk+ er~kdxfjf kf xemsaÿm em um hesfbdcd he kajezxfh q he hezeobd he ~zdxesxf ~fzf odm kf ~dkàxaof `dmxföezf _am e`jfzcd+ md se ~uehe heoaz xf`~dod vue odm ek mfoa`aemxd erokusayd he kf ~zemsf+ kf ~djkfoaÿm of`jaÿ zfhaofk`emxe su d~amaÿm+ samd vue f xzfyás he esxe zeouzsd+ se odmxzajuqe um ~dod+ fk `eofmas`d he ~zdxesxf

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

35

Xdhd ek fmxezadz egezoaoad he`uesxzf vue kf d~amaÿm ~dkàxaof he kf ~djkfoaÿm xf`esamf heshe su iumhfoaÿm esxæ xzfsxdofhf ~dz kf foxufoaÿm he kds amhayahuds em um eyemxd q es~foad vue kes ifydzewof< eieoxayf`emxe hdmhe kf cemxe se fod`dhf he fouezhd f su amxezás+ md a`~dzxæmhdkes ma savuaezf kf ehuofoaÿm he sus bagds d ek juem kecfhd vue ekkds `as`ds ~dhzàfm hegfz f kfs cemezfoadmes yemahezfs - sa md es vue se ~aezhem - sÿkd yem od`d am`ehafxasxfs su yasoezfkes heseds+ he `d`emxd+ he kucfz+ he zfjaf q yemcfmwf< he he`dsxzfz fk dxzd vue esxfz em ek ~dhez kd bfoe `æs samcukfz+ hasxamxd f su ~zd~ad bez`fmd q f`acd Em um `umhd `dmxföezd hdmhe yfke `æs ek `fvuakkfge+ ek sfkuhd+ kf foxufoaÿm q ek ~f~ek vue se ze~zesemxf em ek xefxzd vue es em esxds ~uejkds+ kf hzf`fxuzcaf he kf fh`amasxzfoaÿm `umaoa~fk q ek Odmoegd bfoem ek ~f~ek ~zdxfcÿmaod+ kkeyæmhdse ek jdxàm q kds odjfzhes f~kfusds he kf xe`ezdsf ~djkfoaÿm Em eieoxd+ ~dzvue kf f`fjakahfh yfke `æs vue kf `as`f iumoaÿm he um juem cdjezmfmxe+ esd sà+ ~fzf kf cemxe hek od`÷m es `æs ze~ze-

Um hd`amcd vue se esxfkkf7 jzu`fs+ odsfs q zasfs ¦Hads xdhd ~dhezdsd&+ es~àzaxus he `as fmxe~ffmxe~fsfhds+ ¦ifydzáwofm`e& ~dzvue em esxds `d`em`d`emxds er~dmcd `a yahf- ßacfmkd jaem+ seödzfs q seödzes+ vue umf ~zuejf od`d ásxf md kf yuekyem f yez usxehes ma em kds `fs ze`dxds odm mes hek umayezsd+ ~dzvue qd+ ¦ÿacfmkd jaem&+ bfzá vue esxe fma`fk+ ek `æs ~ekaczdsd he kf xaezzf+ vue se fzzfsxzf ~dz ofsxacd hek ozefhdz+ amqeoxe su yememd+ ~dmcfm ~ues ouahfhd+ ¦ma `æs ma `emds vue em `a ~zd~af kemcuf&+ sà seseödzes+ od`d kd dqem+ fzzaescd `a ~zd~af yahf--Hesahezad @uzakkd691

F `ehahf vue Xæ`esas ozeoàf+ xf`jaám fu`emxf jf ek m÷`ezd he ~esejzezfs+ bezzezàfs+ cfkkezfs+ xaemhfs+ jakkfzes+ ofmxamfs+ ofiás q he`æs kucfzes he od`ezoad q es~fzoa`aemxd ~fzf kf `ukxaxuh vue kkecfjf fxzfàhf ~dz keqemhfs e basxdzafs he semxfmxe um amsacmaofmxe sfkuhd d umf yemaf+ czfmhes zavuewfs q xaezzfs iázxakes hdmhe+ fhe`æs+ kds doads md xemàfm kf od`~exemoaf he kfs vue ek `æs yak zdjd he umd he ekkds czfmhes uzjes+ vue fkjezcfjfm fvuekkds fyemxuHeshe `ehafhds hek sackd RAR kds ~dkàxaods he zezds q yafgezds he xdhf ~ekf`jze63> Xæ`esas+ ~fzf jaem q ~fzf `fk+ fjusfm he kf F esxds saxads ezfm kkf`fhds kds odkdmds ~dz ~d z f`aacmdzfmoaf he kf cemxe q ekkf ~ez`axe su fjusd+ cds q ~fzaemxes oezofmds vue esxfjkeoàfm sus meod`d um guecd he ~ekdxf< umd odmxzf ek dxzd< cdk- cdoads em jusof he idzxumf Fkkà+ md ~dhàfm ifkxfz ~e xzfs cdk~e sam muof fofjfz Cemxe vue fhe`æs ‛\…P ~ezsdmfges xà~aods+ ouzadsds yemhehdzes he odmxe`~kf ~kæoahf`emxe ek foxd `fsdvuasxf he es~eoàods+ xzdyfhdzes hesfmfhds+ jdbe`ads+ föds he Cdjaezmd he`emoafk+ odzzu~xd+ ~÷xzahd ekdouemxes ofobfzzezds+ xzf~eoasxfs+ heokf`fhdq hekewmfjke+ ~dzvue se ~ez`axe sez xfm ouk~fjke zes+ f~zemhaoes he xdzezds+ hemxasxfs+ cfkkezds+  od`d kds ~zdxfcdmasxfs he kf f`jacûehfh ~dkà- kÿsdids he ~fodxakkf q `ugezes he yaemxze iæoak‐636 xaof Gusxf`emxe+ fk ~ez`axaz vue se izfcûe em ek Fhe`æs+ cfmfhezds `emxazdsds+ fzzemhfhdzes hàf he kfs ydxfoadmes kf ~esfhakkf hek sacuaemxe he jesxafs+ obfkfmes+ gucfhdzes he hfhd+ ouke~ezadhd+ he kfzcds föds he jzu`f+ sÿkd ~dz um  jzezds e a`~zdyasfhds ifz`foeuxfs vue yemhàfm hàf+ hdmhe ek ~uejkd xaeme ek ~dhez ~dz umfs bd- ~d`fhf dxdk ~fzf ek ofzzfmobak+  ~adzzedk ~fzf kds zfs sdkf`emxe+ odm sfxasifooaÿm+ sam `e`dzaf+ sam haemxes+ sukifxafwdk ~fzf xdhd+ odmxzf he fgd ~fzf zeouezhd< fkaemfhds+ em árxfsas he yemcfmwf+ he kfs sez~aemxes+ gfjÿm he xaezzf ~fzf kds ~adgds+ oecuezf `emxfk ~dkyd he odzfwÿm he cfxd meczd q fwukegd ~fzf ek f`dz+ jfjfs he sf~d ~fzf ek hesfczfyad q ozedEyahemxe`emxe+ ~dzvue kds ~dkàxaods xzfhaoadmf- sdxf+ xze`emxamf+ sejd bu`fmd q fmxa`dmad hafkasxfs+ kds `as`ds+ kkeyfm kf hzdcf `æs sd`màiezf  jÿkaod ~fzf ‛bfoez ~kfxf‐ q f`dmàfod `ewokfhd ~fzf kds vue vuawæs xemcfm um ~dod he zeouezhd odm fmakamf he xdhds kds odkdzes ~fzf sfmfz kfs q+ sdjze xdhd+ ~fzf kds vue vuaezem yayaz um ~f- ammu`ezfjkes emiez`ehfhes vue ek faskf`aemxd zfàsd em ek amezmdq kf sdkehfh xzfàfm 691 ZUAW Emzavue Gdzce @e cusxf ek jdsvue Xesxa`dmad he Hesahezad @uzakkd+ ouzfmhezd he kf wdmf hek Obdoÿ q _uzdesxe he Fmxadvuaf 63> _FMXF+ EHUFZHD EHUFZHD++ Kf Odkdmawfoaÿm Odkdmawfoaÿm Fmxadvueöf Fmxadvueöf++ Umf e`~zesf he Of`amds X @ ehaxdzes+ 611? ~+ :53 636 Ajàh+ ~+ :52

39

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

Es heoaz+ fvuekkds kucfzes se odmyezxàfm em um yezhfhezd `dsfaod bu`fmd+ bezyahezd he cemxes ~djzes ~ezd odm ek iuecd he kf f`jaoaÿm emxze ek ~eobd+ kkecfhds ofsa sae`~ze odm kf es~ezfmwf he bfoez hamezd em ~dod xae`~d63?

^ekef he cfkkds ~fxf ~fxf

Oukejzezd em Xæ`esas

He esxf `fmezf+ kf sdkehfh q `dmdxdmàf hek _am e`jfzcd+ ek sueöd he fvuekkds ~djkfhdzes ~uejkd ezf fma`fhf ~dz xzfsbu`fmxes caxf- ezf amxezzu`~ahd he s÷jaxd ~dz kf jukkf hek kemds er~ezxds em keez kf suezxe+ iumhaz ek odjze+ cemhfzad zfsxzezd hek ~uejkd vue odm su esxzahemf`fmsfz kds ofjfkkds q emf`dzfz kfs ~uejkezamfs xe ofzcf odmoemxzfjf ek amxezás he kds yeoamds7 odm su ba~mÿxaof `azfhf _ezes vue bfjkfjfm he sdjze su ouez~d kkeyfjf+ f`fzzfhfs odm odzzefs fyemxuzfs a`~dsajkes kdczfhfs em kucfzes ze`d- he ouezd fkzehehdz hek ouekkd q kf oamxuzf+ hds xds+ fk xae`~d vue hesofzcfjfm kds jdksakkds he zfsxzfs he `fhezf vue xzfàf fzzejfxàfd + es heoaz+ kds hes~zeyemahds dqemxes `dmxföezds+ fxuzha- xzfms~dzxfmhd umf zfsxzf xzes oufhzfs bfoaf hehds f÷m `æs ~dz ek fzzajd he `asezfjkes oazods kfmxe+ q heydkyaámhdse ~dz kf dxzf ~fzf zefkawfz fzzfsxzfhds ~dz yaegds ofjfkkds+ `aemxzfs bfoàfm ek `as`d ~zdoesd+ xdhd kd oufk bfoàf `æs haiàsu es~eoxæoukd kds emfmds+ kfs `ugezes xzf~eoas- oak ek yafge He ese `dhd+ Hdm Zf`ÿm Izfmod+ ek xfs+ kds ~fqfsds q fma`fkes odm `fkidz`foadmes zfsxzezd + ezf ek es~eoxæoukd `æs samcukfz he kds ~zdydofhfs7 ~dkkds he xzes ~fxfs+ fzföfs odm ofzf o fzf hd`amcds em ek ~uejkd he Xæ`esas he maöd+ ~ezzds jfakfzames+ bd`jzes he iuezwf Yezhfhezd ege`~kd ~fzf kds maöds vuezàfm sez sdjzemfxuzfkes q kæmcuahds `aods vue ~fsfjfm iuezxes od`d ák+ q iuemxe he ams~azfoaÿm ~fzf kfs ~dz ek esoemfzad ~ahaemhd kf odmxzajuoaÿm hek `ugezes vue odmxe`~kfjfm odm fsd`jzd kf eses~eoxæoukd< xf`jaám kkecfjfm ~eamakkezds+ fsesa-  jekxf idz`f he sus `÷soukds< ezf xfmxf xfmxf kf yfkemxàf mds+ xzubfmes+ jdzzfobds+ cdxezezds+ sezemfxezds+ hek ‒foá`akf xf`esamd‑ vue umf yew he zeczesd f esod~exezds+ zfsxzezds q djsesayds bd`jzes he su yezehf Kf Jexfmaf ofzcfjf ek ~esfhd `ezofhd xdhf kfqf vue heoàfm f su f`fhf7 sa md `e vuezás bfsxf he oaem lakds odm kf `as`f ifoakahfh odm `e `fxd63: vue emf`dzfjf f kfs ~uejkezamfs638

63: Em esxf mfzzfoaÿm iue he yaxfk a`~dzxfmoaf `à `fhze Fmf @fzàf Zf`àzew Jdxezd+ `ugez he 39 föds

63? D~+ Oax+ ~+ :52 638 Esxf basxdzaf kf odmdoà he kf `e`dzaf dzfk hek seödz Eklam Izfmod Yekæsvuew+ maexd hek ~zdxfcdmasxf vue odmofxemfmhd odm Fmf Zf`àzew Jdxezd q ek _eödz Gdsá Yekæsvuew Ofhfyah heyekfm esxf basxdzaf

Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

33

_ezyaoad he ~zdsxaxuxfs em Xæ`esas

Zf`ÿm Izfmod ek zfsxzezd

Hes~uás vue ek sfoezhdxe hfjf ek ~umxd mfk he kf `asf hd`amaofk ‛\…P am md`ame ~fxez+ ex kas+

ex es~azaxus sfmxa+ f`em \…P‐+ q he vue ek ~zecdmezd hek ~uejkd baoaezf kds fmumoads ~÷jkaods+ umf ofzfyfmf he xf`esamds sfkàfm f od`~zfz kfs izuxfs+ dzes q hukoes fk `ezofhd he kf ~kfwf+

vue fkjezcfjf esds ~za`ezds od`ezoafmxes vue yemhàfm fkecze`emxe sus ~zdhuoxds Fk xae`~d+ kfs `fkaoadsfs `azfhfs he kds bd`jzes se hazacàfm bfoaf kfs `fmcfs odzxfs he kds yesxahds he dzes he odkdzes vue kkeyfjfm ~uesxds kfs ~uxfs

he kf wdmf+ xdhd ~fzf yez kfs amsamufoadmes he sus ydku~xudsahfhes+ vue xf`jaám se hegfjfm fsd`fz keye`emxe f ~fzxaz he kf xzfms~fzemoaf he fvuekkds yesxahds Fsà+ huzfmxe kds hd`amcds heskfjfm `uq fkeczes xdmcdmafmhd+ sÿkd umfs

~dofs bdzfs+ sus f`~kafs ofhezfs+ zeobfwfhfs ~dz kf sdoaehfh xf`esamf+ vue md xdkezfjf ~dz mfhf kf erasxemoaf he `ezexzaoes vue bfoàfm suzcaz um yezhfhezd f`dz he ~fzxe he kds ~zÿiucds `fzahds Md djsxfmxe+ hes~uás he ~fsefzse ~dz kds `ezofhds+ em ek faze vuehfjf um fzd`f kfsoayd vue ajf f ~fzfz f kds dkifxds he kds heses~ezfhds of`~esamds+ vue am`ehafxf`emxe esxfkkfjfm em umf kdouzf oufmhd ezfm xdofhds xdofhds ~dz esds ouez~ds fgfhds qf ~dz kfs ammu`ezfjkes `fmds ofkkdsfs em yazxuh hek xzfjfgd

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Oæxehzf @umaoa~fk 

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