Traction
Traction is usually used to align a bone or bones by a gentle, steady pulling action. The pulling force may be transmitted to the bone through skin tapes or a metal pin through a bone. Traction may be used as a preliminary treatment, before other forms of treatment. Types Of Cast, Molds And Indications 1.
Airplane cast ± for humerus and and shoulder shoulder joint with compound compound fracture.
2.
Basket cast ± for severe leg trauma with open wound or or inflammation.
3.
Body cast ± for lower dorso-lumbar spine affectation.
4.
Boot leg cast cast ± for hip and femoral fracture. fracture.
5.
Cast brace ± for fracture of femur (distal curve) with with flexion and extension. extension.
6.
Collar cast ± for cervical affectation.
7.
Cylindrical leg cast ± for fractured patella.
8.
Delbit cast cast ± for fracture of tibia or fibula.
9.
Double hip hip spica cast ± for fracture of hip and femur.
10.
Double hip spica mold ± cervical affectation with callus formation.
11.
Frog cast ± for congenital hip dislocation.
12.
Functional cast ± for fractured humerus with with abduction and adduction. adduction.
13.
Hanging cast ± for fractured shaft of of the humerus. humerus.
14.
Internal rotator splint splint ± for post hip operation.
15.
Long arm circular cast ± for fractured radius or ulna
16.
Long arm posterior mold ± for fractured radius or or ulna with compound affectation. affectation.
17.
Long leg circular cast ± for fractured tibia-fibula. tibia-fibula.
18.
Long leg posterior mold ± for fracture tibia-fibula with compound affectation.
19.
Minerva cast ± for upper dorsal dorsal or cervical affectation.
20. Munster cast ± for fractured radius or ulna with callus formation. 21. Night splint ± for post post polio. 22. Pantalon cast ± for pelvic pelvic bone fracture 23. Patella tendon bearing cast ± for fractured tibia-fibula with callus formation. 24. Quadrilateral (ischial weight bearing) cast ± for shaft of femur femur with callus formation. 25. Rizzer¶s jacket ± for for scoliosis scoliosis 26. Short arm circular cast ± for wrist and fingers. 27. Short arm posterior mold ± for wrist and fingers with compound compound affectation. 28. Short leg circular cast cast ± for ankle ankle and foot fracture. 29. Short leg posterior mold ± for ankle and foot with with compound affectation. 30. Shoulder spica ± for humerus and shoulder joint. 31. Single hip spica ± for hip and 1 femur. 32. Single hip spica mold ± for pelvic fracture with callus formation. 33.
1
and ½ hip spica ± for hip and femur.
34.
1
and ½ spica mold ± for hip and femur with compound affectation.
This fracture can often be treated in a cast. The most common type of cast used is the hanging cast. This cast is applied with the elbow bent at a right angle. The cast goes from above the elbow to the knuckles and prevents movement of the elbow, forearm and wrist, leaving the fingers and thumb free to wiggle. The cast is suspended from the neck to a ring attached to the forearm part of the cast. This point of suspension is chosen so that the upper arm hangs straight when the patient is sitting or standing. The cast does not immobilize the fracture but uses the traction from the weight of the hanging cast to position the arm so that the fracture is straight. During the first few weeks of treatment you can usually feel some movement at the fracture site, particularly when you lie down and the bone tends to bend. As healing progresses and the tissue at the fracture site gets stronger this sensation of movement goes away. Once the fracture has reached this stage of healing, the cast can be removed. Many surgeons use a removable brace on the upper arm at this stage and continue protection in a sling.
Functional Arm Cast This type of cast provides minimal immobilization by supporting the broken bone but still allowing for use of the limb. A 1995 book review in "The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery", states that this type of cast is very successful for healing an ulnar break, and produces healed bone with little deformity and little or no loss of function.
Shoulder Spica Cast
An orthopedic cast used to immobilize the trunk of the body to the hips, the wrist, and the hand. It incorporates a diagonal shoulder support between the hip and arm parts. The shoulder spica cast is used in the treatment of shoulder dislocations and injuries and in the positioning and immobilization of the shoulder after surgery.
A shoulder spica cast is a piece of plaster or fiberglass device worn around the trunk of the body and extending to the shoulder, arm, and hand to protect a broken bone and allow healing to occur. How
to build a Shoulder Spica cast. Made of Fiberglass
1) Preparing and applying the stockinette
2) Applying the cast padding
3)
Applying the Fiberglass bandage
4) Final molding of the cast As the cast starts to set, Smooth out and mold the cast to the forearm. 5) VOILA!
Now you have the perfect Shoulder Spica cast.
Cast A cast holds a broken bone in place as it heals. Casts also help to prevent or decrease muscle contractions, and are effective at providing immobilization, especially after surgery. Casts immobilize the joint above and the joint below the area that is to be kept straight and without motion. For example, a child with a forearm fracture will have a long arm cast to immobilize the wrist and elbow joints. What
are casts made of?
The outside, or hard part of the cast, is made from two different kinds of casting materials. y y
plaster - white in color. fiberglass - comes in a variety of colors, patterns, and designs.
Cotton and other synthetic materials are used to line the inside of the cast to make it soft and to provide padding around bony areas, such as the wrist or elbow. Special waterproof cast liners may be used under a fiberglass cast, allowing the child to get the cast wet. Consult your child's physician for special cast care instructions for this type of cast. What
are the different ty pes of casts?
Below is a description of the various types of casts, the location of the body they are applied, and their general function. Type of Cast Short arm cast:
Location
Uses
Applied below the Forearm or wrist fractures. Also used to hold the elbow to the forearm or wrist muscles and tendons in place hand. after surgery.
Long arm cast:
Arm cylinder cast:
Applied from the upper arm to the hand.
Upper arm, elbow, or forearm fractures. Also used to hold the arm or elbow muscles and tendons in place after surgery.
Applied from the upper arm to the wrist.
To hold the elbow muscles and tendons in place after a dislocation or surgery.
Illustrations of arm casts,
Type of Cast
Location
3
types
Uses
Shoulder spica cast:
Applied around the trunk of the body to the shoulder, arm, and hand.
Minerva cast:
Applied around the After surgery on the neck or upper back area. neck and trunk of the body.
Shoulder dislocations or after surgery on the shoulder area.
Short leg cast:
Applied to the area below the knee to the foot.
Lower leg fractures, severe ankle sprains/strains, or fractures. Also used to hold the leg or foot muscles and tendons in place after surgery to allow healing.
Leg cylinder cast:
Applied from the upper thigh to the ankle.
Knee, or lower leg fractures, knee dislocations, or after surgery on the leg or knee area.
Illustrations of leg casts,
Type of Cast
3
Location
Unilateral hip Applied from the chest to the foot on spica cast: one leg.
types
Uses
Thigh fractures. Also used to hold the hip or thigh muscles and tendons in place after surgery to allow healing.
One
and one- Applied from the chest to the foot on half hip spica one leg to the knee of the other leg. cast: A bar is placed between both legs to keep the hips and legs immobilized.
Thigh fracture. Also used to hold the hip or thigh muscles and tendons in place after surgery to allow healing.
Bilateral long Applied from the chest to the feet. A leg hip spica bar is placed between both legs to cast: keep the hips and legs immobilized.
Pelvis, hip, or thigh fractures. Also used to hold the hip or thigh muscles and tendons in place after surgery to allow healing.
Illustrations of hip spica casts,
3
types
Type of Cast Short leg hip spica cast:
Location
Applied from the chest to the thighs or knees.
Uses
To hold the hip muscles and tendons in place after surgery to allow healing.
Illustration of child wearing a short leg hip spica cast
Type of Cast Abduction boot cast:
Location
Applied from the upper thighs to the feet. A bar is placed between both legs to keep the hips and legs immobilized.
Uses
To hold the hip muscles and tendons in place after surgery to allow healing.
Illustration of child wearing abduction boots
