Carp and Carper

 Johnvien Angelo Angelo B. Velasquez Velasquez

ABF 3 - 1

Prof. Melcah T. Pascua

“ CARP and CARPER ” Introduction

Comrehensive Agrarian !eform Program an" Comrehensive Agrarian !eform Program #$%ensions &i%h !eform are reform la& in %he Philiines' es%a s%a(lishe she"

for

%he

&or)ers*farmers

urose

of

here

giving

han"s

in

%o

%he

%he

agricul%ural Philiines.

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)

The Comrehensive Comrehensive Agrarian Agrarian !eform !eform Program Program +CA!P, has i%s rimar rimar o(ec%ives o(ec%ive s (o%h %he imrovemen% imrovemen% of equali% an" %he increase in ro" ro"uc%ivi% uc%ivi% an" gro&%h in %he rural areas. /% &as a lan" reform la& man"a%e" ( !eu(lic Ac% 0o. 2' signe" ( Presi"en% Corazon Aquino in June 14' 1566. /% &as %he 7f%h lan" reform rogram in 7f% ears' follo&ing %he lan" reform la&s of  Presi" Pr esi"en%s en%s Manu Manuel el 8uez 8uezon' on' !am !amon on Mag Magsas sasa' a' 9io 9ios"a" s"a"o o Maca Macaag agal al an" Fer"inan" Marcos. !eu(lic !e u(lic Ac% 0o.2 0o.2' ' o%her&ise )no&n as %he Comre Comrehensive hensive Agrarian

!eform

:a&

+CA!:,

has

(ecome

%he

legal

(asis

for

%he

imlemen%a%ion of %he Comrehensive Agrarian !eform Program +CA!P,. !A 2 also rovi"e" mechanism for i%s imlemen%a%ion.  The re" re"ecessor ecessor of CA!P &as %he Acceler Accelera%e" a%e" :an" !efo !eform rm Pr Program ogram +A:!P,' ini%ia%e" af%er %he ra%i7ca%ion of %he Cons%i%u%ion in Fe(ruar 156.  The A:!P' as in P9 ;' imose" a ceiling of seven hec%ares hec%ares for all crolan"s' crolan"s' %he "is%ri(u%ion of large riva%el- o&ne" farms' rice an" corn lan"s' small farms' an" aliena(le as &ell as "isosa(le lan"s e$em%ing areas such as ances%ral %ri(al lan"s an" %hose %ha% are use" for u(lic service.  The CA!P is so far %he mos% comrehensive agrarian reform rogram ever formula%e".
CA!P covers all riva%e an" u(lic agricul%ural lan"s regar"less of commo"i% ro"uce" an" %enurial s%a%us of %he %iller inclu"ing o%her lan"s of %he u(lic "omain sui%a(le for agricul%ure.= 1>

COMPONEN! O" CARP •

#and enure Improvement

 The Comrehensive Agrarian !eform :a& aims %o romo%e social equi% an" us%ice ( res%ruc%uring lan"o&nershi a%%erns. Through lan" "is%ri(u%ion' %he governmen% ensures %ha% %he %iller has o&er over his %illage' his o&n ro"uc%ivi% an" economic via(ili%.= ;> •

#easeho$d Operation

:easehol" ?era%ion is a non-lan" %ransfer rogram %ha% ro%ec%s %he %enurial s%a%us of %enan%-farmers in %enan%e" lan"s. This is imlemen%e" &hen %he %enan% is &or)ing &i%hin %he lan"o&ner@s re%en%ion limi% of 7ve hec%ares an" %he CA!P covere" lan"s %ha% are no% e% "ue for "is%ri(u%ion. /n %his rogram' %he %enan%s are en%i%le" %o 2 ercen% of %he ne% harves% af%er %he "e"uc%ion of  ro"uc%ion e$enses.= 3> •

Production and Pro%t !haring

 This is a %emorar arrangemen% &herein corora%e farms +oera%ing un"er a lease or managemen% con%rac% &i%h more %han P2 million gross sales er annum, are %o e$ecu%e ro"uc%ion an" ro7% sharing lans &i%h farm &or)ers. These inclu"e corora%e agricul%ural lan"o&ners 1 Republic Act No. 6657; Chan Robles Virtual Law Library ; /mac% of Agrarian !eform of Pover% !ees' Celia M ;44; 3 /(i"

&ho availe" of "efermen% as rovi"e" un"er ec%ion // of  !.A. 2.=> •

!toc& 'istriution Option

Commercia$ "arms 'eferment

•

Program ene%ciaries 'eve$opment

:an" "is%ri(u%ion alone is no% enough %o imrove %he ro"uc%ivi% of Agrarian !eform Bene7ciaries +A!Bs,. The governmen% recognizes %he nee" for suor% services %o comlemen% lan" "is%ri(u%ion such as cre"i% facili%ies' %echnolog an" infras%ruc%ure.= > •

Agrarian *ustice 'e$iver+

 /(i" 2 /(i"  /mac% of Agrarian !eform on Pover% !ees' Celia M ;44;  /(i"

 Agrarian Legal Assistance

#$%en"ing legal assis%ance "uring cour% hearings is a maor suor% rovi"e" ( %he CA!P %o i%s farmer-(ene7ciaries. The 9A! la&ers han"le %hree %es of cases an" %hese are %he u"icial' quasi u"icial an" non-u"icial cases. Ju"icial cases ma (e civil or criminal in na%ure an" are 7le" in %he regular cour%s. 8uasi-u"icial on %he o%her han" inclu"es eec%men%' reins%a%emen%' %ermina%ion of leasehol" agreemen%' falling in %he uris"ic%ion of %he 9A! A"u"ica%ion Boar" +9A!AB, an" i%s a"u"ica%ors &hile non-u"icial cases are %hose arising from agrarian la& imlemen%a%ion an" rela%e" imlemen%ing rules an" regula%ions an" ersonnel "isciline cases.  Adjudication of Cases

 Through %he 9A!AB' %he 9ear%men% is ves%e" &i%h quasi-u"icial o&ers %o "e%ermine an" a"u"ica%e "isu%es' cases' con%roversies an" ma%%ers involving %he imlemen%a%ion of !A 2 an" o%her rela%e" issuances. = 6>

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program E,tensions -ith Reform (CARPER)

An amen"a%or la&' CA!P#! or %he Comrehensive Agrarian !eform Program #$%ension &i%h !eforms or %he !eu(lic Ac%. 544 &as asse". /% e$%en"e" %he "ea"line of "is%ri(u%ing agricul%ural lan"s %o %he farmers for an a""i%ional 7ve ears. This la& also amen"s o%her rovisions an" regula%ions formerl s%a%e" in %he CA!P. /% &as signe" in%o la& on Augus% ' ;445 an" &as se% %o (e accomlishe" ( %he ear ;41. = 5>

6 /(i" 5 h%%sD**en.&i)ie"ia.org*&i)i*ComrehensiveEAgrarianE!eformEProgramBac)groun " Gi)ie"ia

/n 9ecem(er ;446' %he (u"ge% for CA!P e$ire" an" %here remaine" 1.; million hec%ares of agricul%ural lan" &ai%ing %o (e acquire" an" "is%ri(u%e" %o farmers. CA!P#! &as signe" in%o la& on Augus% ' ;445 ( Hloria Macaagal Arroo an" &as se% %o e$ire in June 34' ;41. Io&ever %he rogram of "is%ri(u%ing lan"s %o farmer-(ene7ciaries con%inue" even af%er  June ;41. ec%ion 34 of !A 544 or CA!P#! la& s%a%es %ha% cases on %he ma%%er &hich are s%ill en"ing shall (e allo&e" %o rocee" %o i%s 7nali% an" (e e$ecu%e" even (eon" such "a%e.K = 14

!I.NI"ICAN PRO/I!ION O" CARPER .ender0!ensitive Agrarian Reform

ec%ion 1 of %he CA!P#! la& s%a%es %ha% The %a%e shall recognize an" enforce' consis%en% &i%h e$is%ing la&s' %he righ%s of rural &omen %o o&n an" con%rol lan"' %a)ing in%o consi"era%ion %he su(s%an%ive equali% (e%&een men an" &omen as quali7e" (ene7ciaries' %o receive a us% share of %he frui%s %hereof' an" %o (e reresen%e" in a"visor or aroria%e "ecision-ma)ing (o"ies. These righ%s shall (e in"een"en% of %heir male rela%ives an" of  %heir civil s%a%us.K !ural &omen &ill have a reresen%a%ive in %he highes% olic ma)ing (o" of  9A! L %he Presi"en%ial Agrarian !eform Council +PA!C,.=11> udget

ec%ion ;1 amen"ing ec%ion 3 for CA!: s%a%e %ha% %he (u"ge% alloca%e" for %he 2-ear e$%ension is 124 Billion esos &hich &ill (e source" from %hree fun"sD Agrarian !eform Fun"' Heneral Aroria%ions Ac%s +HAA, an" o%her sources of fun"ing li)e riva%iza%ion of governmen% asse%' foreign "onors' e%c. This (u"ge% is %he larges% er ear in %he his%or of CA!P.=1;>

14 /(i" 11 i(i"

•

Creation of a Congressiona$ Oversight Committee

ec%ion ; of %he CA!P#! la& crea%e" a oin% Congressional ?versigh% Commi%%ee %o oversee an" moni%or %he imlemen%a%ion of %he ac%' &hich &ill (e comose" of %he Chairersons of %he Commi%%ee on Agrarian !eform of (o%h Iouses of Congress' %hree Mem(ers of %he Iouse of !eresen%a%ives' an" %hree Mem(ers of %he ena%e of %he Philiines' %o (e "esigna%e" resec%ivel ( %he ea)er of %he Iouse of !eresen%a%ives an" %he Presi"en% of %he ena%e of  %he Philiines. The chairersons of %he C?CA! are %he Chairersons of %he Commi%%ees on Agrarian !eform of %he Iouse of !eresen%a%ives an" of %he ena%e of %he Philiines. The %erm of %he C?CA! &ill en" si$ mon%hs af%er %he e$ira%ion of %he e$%en"e" erio" of 7ve ears. The C?CA! is rovi"e" &i%h %&en%-7ve million esos +P;2'444'444.44, ever ear.=13> CARPER as a Continuing Program

ec%ion 34 of %he CA!P#! la& man"a%es %ha% an case an"*or rocee"ing involving %he imlemen%a%ion of %he rovisions of !eu(lic Ac% 0o. 2' as amen"e"' &hich ma remain en"ing on  June 34' ;41 shall (e allo&e" %o rocee" %o i%s 7nali% an" (e e$ecu%e" even (eon" such "a%e. ec%ion 34 of CA!P#! la& rovi"es a &a %o legall con%inue %he imlemen%a%ion of en"ing CA!P cases af%er %he 2-ear e$%ension ( 7lling %he ini%ia%or rocess of CA!P.=1> •

Po$icies in Converting Agricu$tura$ #ands

1; h%%sD**en.&i)ie"ia.org*&i)i*ComrehensiveEAgrarianE!eformEProgramBac)groun " Gi)ie"ia 13 /(i" 1 /(i"

ec%ion 3 of %he CA!P#! la&D An conversion ( an lan"o&ner of his*her agricul%ural lan" in%o an non-agricul%ural use &i%h in%en% %o avoi" %he alica%ion of %his Ac% %o his*her lan"hol"ings an" %o "isossess his*her (ona7"e %enan% farmers.K Failure %o coml &ill resul% in%o an imrisonmen% of  %o 1; ears an"*or a enal% of ;44'444 esos %o 1 million esos. The CA!P#! la& rohi(i%s an conversion of  irriga%e" an" irriga(le lan"s an" man"a%es %he 0a%ional /rriga%ion A"minis%ra%ion %o i"en%if %hese. CA!P#! la& also s%a%es %ha% non-imlemen%a%ion of  %he conversion lan &ill resul% %o au%oma%ic coverage of %he su(ec% ( CA!P.=12>

AC1IE/EMEN! O" CARPER

 The ?Ncial Haze%%e release" an u"a%e on %he accomlishmen%s in %he 7el" of agrarian reform as of June 34' ;41. As of 9ecem(er 31' ;413' %he governmen% has acquire" an" "is%ri(u%e" .5 million hec%ares of lan"' equivalen% %o 66O of  %he %o%al lan" su(ec% %o CA!P.K ?f %his area' %he Aquino a"minis%ra%ion has "is%ri(u%e" a %o%al of 21'21 hec%ares' or 2O of %he %o%al lan"hol"ings %o (e "is%ri(u%e" %o %he farmer (ene7ciaries lef% un"er %his a"minis%ra%ion. From %his' 9A! has "is%ri(u%e" 1;'6; hec%ares an" 9#0! has alrea" "is%ri(u%e" 336'3; hec%ares. /n ;41 - ;41' 9ear%men% of Agrarian !eform s%ill nee"s %o acquire 1'52 hec%ares +16'6 hec%ares in ;41 156'31 hec%ares in ;412 an" 362'6 hec%ares in ;41,.  The 9ear%men% of #nvironmen% an" 0a%ion !esources s%ill nee"s %o acquire 13'62 hec%aresa %o%al of 54'2; hec%ares.= 1>

'I""ERENCE E2EEN CARP and CARPER

12 h%%sD**en.&i)ie"ia.org*&i)i*ComrehensiveEAgrarianE!eformEProgram Gi)ie"ia 1 /(i"

Base" on m research' %here are man eole saing %ha% CA!P#! is &orse %han CA!P' us% as some are saing %ha% CA!P is (e%%er %han CA!P#!. /% is sai" %ha% cer%ain rovisions in %he CA!P#! (ill &ill aggrava%e %he farmers@ fun"amen%al ro(lem of lan"lessness an" ma onl s%reng%hen %he lan" monool of a fe&. Ana)a&is !eresen%a%ive an" QMP chairman !afael Mariano is in%ervie&e" a(ou% his vie&s on %he CA!P#!. A Congress %ha% reresen%s %he class in%eres% of lan"lor"s an" (ig local an" foreign corora%ions can' unsurrisingl' railroa" an ul%ima%el an%i-farmer legisla%ion li)e %he CA!P e$%ension (ill'K Mariano sai".
o

o

Phase One  &ill cover rice an" corn lan"s' all i"le lan"s or a(an"one" lan"s' all riva%e lan"s volun%aril oRere" ( %he o&ners for agrarian reform' all lan"s foreclose" ( governmen% 7nancial ins%i%u%ions' all lan"s acquire" ( %he Presi"en%ial Commission on Hoo" Hovernmen%' an" all o%her lan"s o&ne" ( governmen% "evo%e" %o or sui%a(le for agricul%ure.=16> Phase -o  of %he rogram &ill cover all aliena(le an" "isosa(le u(lic agricul%ural lan"s all ara(le u(lic agricul%ural lan"s un"er agro-fores%' as%ure an" agricul%ural leases alrea" cul%iva%e" an"

1 h%%D**(ula%la%.com*main*;445*4*1*&h-carer-is-&orse-%han-car* ?lea' !onaln V. ;445 16 h%%D**(ula%la%.com*main*;445*4*1*&h-carer-is-&orse-%han-car* ?lea' !onaln V. ;445

lan%e" %o cros in accor"ance &i%h ec%ion  Ar%icle S/// of %he Cons%i%u%ion all u(lic agricul%ural lan"s %ha% are %o (e oene" for ne& "evelomen% an" rese%%lemen% all riva%e agricul%ural lan"s in e$cess of 24 hec%ares.=15> o

Phase hree &ill cover all o%her riva%e agricul%ural lan"s s%ar%ing &i%h large lan"hol"ings an" %hen %hose &i%h me"ium an" small lan"hol"ing.= ;4>


No E,pansion of Coverage

/ns%ea" of e$an"ing %he coverage of lan" reform rogram' %he lan"lor"s*legisla%ors in Congress a""e" rovisions %ha% &ill e$em% more agricul%ural lan" from coverage %o inclu"e lan" "evo%e" %o aquacul%ure' lives%oc)' s&ine raising an" %he li)e. 15 i(i" ;4 i(i" ;1 i(i"


/% sai" %ha% af%er 7ve ears from %he lan"@s a&ar"' &hen %he lan" ceases %o (e economicall feasi(le an" soun" for agricul%ural uroses' or %he locali% has (ecome ur(anize" an" %he lan" &ill have grea%er economic value for resi"en%ial' commercial or in"us%rial uroses'K %he 9A!' uon %he alica%ion of %he (ene7ciar or %he lan"o&ner an" &i%h "ue no%ice %o %he resen% lan"o&ner' ma reclassif or conver% %he lan" an" "isose i%. 9A! recor"s sho& %ha% in %he 7rs% seven ears of CA!P' an es%ima%e" 33'4 hec%ares of agricul%ural lan"s &ere conver%e" in%o o%her uses. B %he en" of 155' conversion has covere" 25' 52 hec%ares of agricul%ural lan"s. Non0#and ransfer !chemes

CA!P gives o%ion %o lan"o&ners %o choose all o%her arrangemen%s al%erna%ive %o %he hsical "is%ri(u%ion of lan"s' such as ro"uc%ion or ro7%-sharing' la(or a"minis%ra%ion' an" "is%ri(u%ion of shares of s%oc)s &hich &ill allo& (ene7ciaries %o receive a us% share of %he frui%s of %he lan"s %he &or).K ocial us%ice %hrough agrarian reform remains an elusive romise %o a grea% num(er of Filiino farmers. Bu% mos% %ragic of all' even %he com(ine" resources of na%ional governmen% agencies have some%imes rove" useless' in %he face of 7erce lan"lor" resis%ance %o lan" reform. o (asicall' %his CA!P#! %ha% suose"l a (ill asse" %o hel o%hers are us% li)e ano%her ro(lem given %o %he agricul%ural "een"en% eole of  our coun%r. /ns%ea" of heling' %his reform is lanne" an" asse" us% %o fail.