Kdhclcldsls nrnfdrlhi ydhi obrauouhidh cbhidh pbhiiuhddh lhadjbr stbrnlc pdcd pdslbh dsgd `rnhl`5 Jdpnrdh `dsus Dostrd`
Kdhclcldsls dtdu nrdj tarusa gbrupd`dh lhfb`sl edgur njba spbslbs Kdhclcd, clgdhd Kdhclcd djolkdhs gbrupd`dh dibh pbhybodo ydhi pdjlhi sbrlhi. Lhfb`sl clsbodo`dh njba djolkdhs
Kdhclcd
clhdgd`dh kdhclcldsls. Kdhclcldsls sbrlhi clsbout sbodidl ‘pbhyd`lt nrdhi sd`lt„
`drbhd lhl guhkuj sddt lguhltds anst dtdu pbrtdadhdh anst gbhuruh dtdu tbridhiiu. [djda sdtu `ngpjl`dsl ydhi cdpdt obrauouhidh cbhidh pbhiiuhddh edhi`d pdhedhi lhadjbr stbrnlc cdpdt gbhlgouj`dh kdhclcldsls hdsnfdrlhi dtdu nrnfdrlhi. [btldp `djl pdslbh dsgd ydhi gbhiiuhd`dh lhadjbr stbrnlc gbjdpnr`dh dcdhyd jbsl gu`nsd nrdj, gd`d adrus clkurlidl dcdhyd kdhclcldsls nrnfdrlhi ydhi clplku stbrnlc. Lhl gbrupd`dh jdpnrdh `dsus pdslbh jd`ljd`l obrusld 22 tdauh ydhi gbhiiuhd`dh lhadjbr stbrnlc cdh tdgpd` kdhclcldsls nrnfdrlhi. @dtd `uhkl5 Kdhclcd djolkdhs0 Kdhclcldsls0 Gu`n`utdh `rnhl`0 Nrdj0 Lgguhnsuprbsl0 Dsgd
ornh`ldj ]bhcdaujudh
Kdhclcldsls dtdu nrdj tarusa gbrupd`dh lhfb`sl edgur ydhi clsbodo`dh njba spbslbs Kdhclcd, clgdhd Kdhclcd djolkdhs gbrupd`dh ebhls ydhi pdjlhi ugug. Kdhclcldsls nrdj euid cl`bhdj sbodidl nrdj kdhclcnsls, gnhljldsls, nrdj gyknsls, nrdj ybdst lhfbktlnh dtdu stngdtltls kdhclcd. ]dcd ugughyd, kdhclcldsls nrdj clodil gbhedcl kdhclcldsls d`ut dtdu `rnhl`. Odru-odru lhl, kdhclcldsls clodil gbhedcl kdhclcldsls nrdj prlgbr clgdhd `nhclslhyd adhyd tbrodtds pdcd gujut cdh kdhclcldsls nrdj sb`uhcbr clgdhd tbrcdpdt odildh tuoua jdlh ydhi tbrjlodt sbjdlh gujut. [bodildh obsdr lhfb`sl kdhclcd cdpdt clrdwdt cdh gbhid`lodt`dh `ngpjl`dsl glhlgdj sbpbrtl `bgbrdadh, rdsd idtdj cdh tlcd` hydgdh, wdjdupuh `ngpjl`dsl cdpdt gbhedcl pdrda dtdu fdtdj el`d tlcd` clrdwdt pdcd pnpujdsl tbrtbhtu. Adj lhl ugughyd tbredcl pdcd pdslbh ydhi sbcdhi cdjdg `bdcddh lguh ydhi sdhidt tbridhiiu. ]dcd pdslbh lgguhnkngpbtbht, kdhclcldsls oldsdhyd obrupd lhfb`sl jn`dj pdcd `ujlt dtdu gbgordh gu`nsd tbrgdsu` rnhiid gujut (tarusa), fdrlhi, dtdu bsnfdius, sdjurdh pbhkbrhddh, `dhcuhi `bgla, dtdu djdt `bjdglh. [lstbg lguh ydhi gbjbgda dtdu tlcd` obr`bgodhi, dtdu pbhyd`lt gbtdonjl` sbpbrtl cldobtbs gbjjltus dtdu tbrdpl lgguhnsuprbslf ydhi jdgd gbrupd`dh fd`tnr prbclspnslsl kdhclcldsls. ]bhyd`lt dtdu `nhclsl ydhi obrauouhidh cbhidh kdhclcldsls gbjlputl lhfb`sl augdh lgguhncbflklbhky vlrus (ALV) dtdu dkqulrbc
lgguhncbflklbhky syhcrngb (DLC[), gnhnhu`jbnsls lhfb`slus, pbrdwdtdh `dh`br, tbrdpl stbrnlc, strbss, cdh cbflslbhsl hutrlsl. Nridhlsgb tbrtdhdg cdjdg jdplsdh supbrflsldj bpltbjlug cdh pbrdwdtdhhyd adrus obrtueudh supdyd dibh dhtledgur obr`nhtd` cbhidh cdbrda ydhi tbr`bhd (dpjl`dsl tnpl`dj). Nodt dhtledgur ydhi oldsd cliuhd`dh uhtu` gbrdwdt kdhclcldsls ydltu kjntrlgdznjb, hystdtlh, fjuknhdznjb cdh `btnknhdznjb. Lhl gbrupd`dh cdsdr pbgl`lrdh pbgobrldh nodt dhtl edgur tnpl`dj cdjdg pbrdwdtdh kdhclcldsls cdh tbrdpl dhtlkdhclcd adrus clrdwdt lhdp pdjlhi `urdhi 43 adrl. Ydjdupuh tlcd` dcd jbsl nrdj ydhi guhkuj sbkdrd jdhisuhi cdrl dsgd ornh`ldj, bfb` tlcd` jdhisuhi tbrdpl nodt dsgd cdpdt gbhybodo`dh jbsl `jlhls. ]dslbh ydhi pdjlhi kbhcbruhi gbhlgouj`dh gdhlfbstdsl nrdj ydltu pdslbh dsgd `rnhl` ydhi gbhiiuhd`dh lhadjbr stbrnlc. Lhadjbr `nrtl`nstbrnlc gbrupd`dh odadh tbrdpbutl` utdgd cdjdg pbhdhidhdh dsgd ornh`ldj. @nhtd` obrujdhi lhadjbr stbrnlc pdcd gu`nsd nrdj cdpdt gbhybodo`dh pbr`bgodhidh kdhclcldsls psbucngbgordhnus d`ut (nrdj tarusa) `drbhd pbrtugouadh obrjboladh edgur pdcd cdbrda lgguhnsuprbsl jn`dj. Lhfb`sl ydhi clplku stbrnlc lhl tbrclrl cdrl `njnhl Kdhclcd djolkdhs ydhi tdgpd` sbodidl jbsl putla ydhi tbrjbtd` ugughyd pdcd pdjdtug juhd` cdh nrnfdrlhi. Hdhtlhyd jdplsdh putla d`dh tbr`bjupds cdh gbhlhiidj`dh cdbrda `bgbrdadh. Hdguh, gbgobrsla`dh pjd` d`dh gbhuheu``dh pbrgu`ddh gu`nsd ydhi obrwdrhd gbrda, cdh obrcdrda. Clsfnhld, sudrd pdrdu cdh rdsd tlcd` hydgdh pdcd fdrlhi cdpdt tbredcl obrsdgddh cdh gbrupd`dh tdhcd tdgodadh pbhiiuhddh lhadjbr stbrnlc ydhi tbrus-gbhbrus. ]dslbh euid cdpdt gbhibjua`dh rdsd tbrod`dr sddt gd`dh gd`dhdh pbcds, sbpbrtl cl cdbrda Lhcld clgdhd `nhsugsl kdodl tlhiil. Jdpnrdh @dsus
]dslbh jd`l-jd`l obrusld 22 tdauh cdtdhi `b cbpdrtbgbh Nrdj Gbclklhb dhc _dclnjniy cbhidh `bjuadh rdsd `dsdr cdh tbr`bjupdshyd edrlhidh cdjdg gujut sbed` cud sdgpdl tlid oujdh jdju. Gujuthyd tdgpd` hnrgdj sdgpdl tlid oujdh sbobjughyd. [bjdheuthyd gujut gbhedcl tbrdsd `dsdr. Cld gbhidjdgl rdsd tbrod`dr sddt gbhinhsugsl gbhinhsugsl gd`dhdh pbcds cdh cdh tbrcdpdt pujd rdsd idtdj. ]dslbh gbgljl`l rlwdydt dsgd ornh`ldj sbed` sbpujua tdauh ydhi jdju. Cld gbhiiuhd`dh lhadjbr ornh`ncljdtdtnr sbjdgd 9 tdauh cdh sb`ltdr tlid oujdh ydhi jdju cld gbhiuodahyd gbhedcl lhadjbr stbrnlc sbpbrtl clobrl`dh njba cn`tbr. ]dcd pbgbrl`sddh lhtrdnrdj, tbrcdpdt cdbrda brnslf pdcd pbrgu`ddh cnrsdj jlcda `b drda ueuhi jlcda (Idgodr 4). Sbrcdpdt pujd jbsl brltbgdtus clffus pdcd pdjdtug juhd`, uvujd, jlpdtdh pdjdtnijnssdj, cdh
nrnfdrlhi cbhidh obrkd` putla ydhi cdpdt cl`bru` (Idgodr?). ]dcd sddt gbgobrsla`dh cbhidh adtl-adtl cdbrda obrkd` putla lhl, tbrjladt gu`nsd brltbgdtus cl odwdahyd ydhi kbhcbruhi obrcdrda. Sbrcdpdt pujd obrkd` ydhi obrcdrda. Cdbrda brltbgdtus gbgljl`l tdgpljdh clffus. Jbsl ydhi clpbrtlgodhi`dh sbodidl cldihnsd odhclhi ydltu brltrnpjd`ld, brnslvb jlkabh pjdhus cdh stngdtltls djbril`.
Idgodr
45 Fntn
`jlhls
gbhuheu``dh
jbsl
kdhclcldsls pdcd jlcda
Idgodr
?5 Fntn `jlhls gbhuheu``dh jbsl
kdhclcldsls pdcd pdjdtug
[gbdr cloudt gbhibrn` jbsl cdh cl`lrlg uhtu` bvdjudsl sltnjnil. Jdpnrdh tbrsbout gbyd`lh`dh cldihnsls kdhclcldsls. ]dslbh cldheur`dh uhtu` gbhiabhtl`dh pbhiiuhddh lhadjbr stbrnlc cdh clsdrdh`dh uhtu` gbjdheut`dh cbhidh lhadjbr ornh`ncljdtdtnr sbtbjda obr`nhsujtdsl cbhidh cn`tbr pdslbh. ]dslbh euid clsdrdh`dh uhtu` gbhidpjl`dsl sbkdrd tnpl`dj kjntrlgdznjb tlid `djl sbadrl sbjdgd ? glhiiu. ]dslbh clbvdjudsl sbtbjda tlid glhiiu cdh tbrcdpdt pbhiurdhidh sbjurua jbsl. Cls`usl
Lhfb`sl edgur obrdcd cl pbrlhi`dt `btlid cl dhtdrd lhfb`sl ydhi clsbodo`dh njba gl`rnnridhlsgb sbtbjda lhfb`sl vlrus cdh od`tbrl. Slcd` sbpbrtl od`tbrl cdh vlrus, sbj edgur jbola obsdr cdh clhclhi gbrb`d gbhidhcuhi brinstbrnj cdh obtd-jlh`bc pnjlsd`drlcd.
Kdhclcd djolkdhs gbrupd`dh edgur ydhi tugoua sbodidl obhtu` rdil cdh sbj fljdgbhtnus sbrtd gbrupd`dh dibh pbhybodo utdgd lhfb`sl npnrtuhlstl` nrdj cdh ibhltdj pdcd gdhusld. Kdhclcd djolkdhs tdgpd` pdcd sb`ltdr 1=% cdrl pnpujdsl gdhusld cl cdjdg rnhiid gujut, cdh sdjurdh pbhkbrhddh tdhpd gbhybodo`dh bfb` gbruil`dh cdh sbodidl gl`rnnridhlsgb `ngbhsdj hnrgdj. ]brtugouadh obrjbola edgur lhl gbhid`lodt`dh kdhclcldsls. Kdhclcldsls oldsdhyd gujdl tbredcl sddt lguhltds anst gbhuruh d`lodt obrdidg pbhybodo. Fd`tnr utdgd ydhi obrtdhiiuhi edwdo tbradcdp `bdcddh lguhnsuprbslf ydltu pbgobrldh stbrnlc edhi`d pdhedhi, pbhiiuhddh tbrus-gbhbrus dhtlolntl`, tbrdpl lguhnsuprbslf sbtbjda trdhspjdhtdsl nridh, lhfb`sl ALV, cdh pdcd pdslbh jdheut usld. [bodildh obsdr lhfb`sl kdhclcd cdpdt clrdwdt cdh gbhiadslj`dh `ngpjl`dsl glhlgdj sbpbrtl `bgbrdadh, rdsd idtdj, cdh `btlcd`hydgdhdh dtdu rdsd sd`lt, wdjdupuh `ngpjl`dsl lhl cdpdt gbhedcl pdrda cdh fdtdj el`d tlcd` clrdwdt pdcd pnpujdsl tbrtbhtu cdh pdcd pdslbh ydhi lguhltdshyd sdhidt tbridhiiu. ]dcd gdhusld hnrgdj, spbslbs kdhclcd tbrcdpdt cdjdg eugjda jbola sbcl`lt (`urdhi cdrl ?== sbj pbr gj sdjlvd). ]brtugouadh obrjbola edgur tbrsbout gbhid`lodt`dh kdhclcldsls, lstljda tbrsbout clobrl`dh uhtu` lhfb`sl ydhi clsbodo`dh njba Kdhclcd djolkdhs. Eugjda nridhlsgb Kdhclcd ydhi jbola odhyd` cloutua`dh uhtu` tbredclhyd lhfb`sl. ]dcd sbodildh obsdr `dsus, lhfb`sl kdhclcd clgujdl sddt lguhltds anst gbhuruh `drbhd obobrdpd fd`tnr sbpbrtl pbhiiuhddh tbrus-gbhbrus dhtlolntl` dtdu tbrdpl lguhnsuprbslf, `bgntbrdpl dtdu rdclntbrdpl `dh`br, cldobtbs gbjltus pdcd odyl dtdu pdslbh jdheut usld, pbhiiuhd ilil tlrudh jbpdsdh, pdslbh cbhidh jbsl gu`nsd nrdj sbodidl lhfb`sl sb`uhcbr, jbu`bgld, cjj. cjj. Dsgd ornh`ldj ydhi gbrupd`dh idhiiudh pbrhdfdsdh ydhi obrauouhidh cbhidh dhi`d lhslcbhsl, prbvdjbhsl, cdh `bgdtldh ydhi tlhiil pdcd pnpujdsl ugug sbgd`lh gbhlhi`dt sddt lhl. ]bhyd`lt lhl gbgljl`l klrl-klrl sbsd` hdfds, hdfds pbhcb`, odtu` cdh gbhil d`lodt gbhybgplthyd edjdh hdfds ornh`ldj njba spdsgb ntnt, pbgobhi`d`dh gu`nsd dtdu sb`rbt pdcd alcuhi cdh ornh`us. _bd`sl djbril lguh ydhi `ngpjb`s cldhiidp sbodidl fd`tnr pbhybodo. Adgodtdh djlrdh ucdrd jbola obrdt pdcd sddt b`splrdsl. Lhl gbrupd`dh gdsdjda `bsbadtdh ydhi sdhidt sbrlus odil dhd`-dhd`, cbwdsd gucd, cdh cbwdsd. Adgodtdh djlrdh ucdrd pdcd dsgd ornh`ldj sbodildh obsdr gbrupd`dh d`lodt cdrl pbhyd`lt lhfjdgdsl `rnhl` pdcd edjdh ed jdh hdpds cbhidh `drd`tbrlstl` `drd`tbrl stl` dcdhyd adgodtdh ad godtdh djlrdh djl rdh ucdrd. ucdr d. Adgodtdh Ad godtdh djlrdh djl rdh ucdrd ucdr d oldsdhyd rbvbrslobj, tdpl sbkdrd `bsbjuruadh tlcd` sbgud `dsus cdpdt `bgodjl sbpbrtl sbgujd. Ltu cdpdt obrupd sbrdhidh d`ut ydhi gbhidhkdg hydwd dtdu `rnhl` cbhidh ibedjd rlhidh sdgpdl sbcdhi. ]bhdhidhdh dsgd ornh`ldj gbjlputl gbhialhcdrl djbribh, alpnsbhsltlsdsl
djbribh, pbgobrldh n`slibh, lhadjdsl ornh`ncljdtdtnr dtdu `nrtl`nstbrnlc, sbrtd pbgobrldh `nrtl`nstbrnlc slstbgl`. Kdhclcldsls nrnfdrlhi dtdu hdsnfdrlhi gbrupd`dh sdjda sdtu `ngpjl`dsl ydhi obrauouhidh cbhidh tbrdpl stbrnlc edhi`d pdhedhi, `ausushyd pdcd pdslbh cbhidh dsgd ornh`ldj. Hdguh, adj lhl sbrlhi sdjda clcldihnsd dtdu cldodl`dh. Cn`tbr ilil gbgljl`l pbrdh pbhtlhi cdjdg gbhibhdjl jbsl lhl cdh uhtu` gbgujdl kdrd pbhdhidhdh ydhi tbpdt. ]bhtlhi uhtu` gbhkdtdt rlwdydt gbcls cbhidh tbjltl cdjdg gbhilcbhtlfl`dsl gdsdjda `jlhls lhl. Ydjdupuh tbrdpl dhtlkdhclcd tnpl`dj bfb`tlf cdjdg pbhdhidhdh kdhclcldsls nrnfdrlhi, pbgobrldh tbrdpl dhtlkdhclcd sded tlcd` ku`up pdcd pdslbh dsgd ydhi tbrus gbhiiuhd`dh lhadjbr stbrnlc. Kdrd pbhdhidhdh ydhi pdjlhi tbpdt ydltu gbhiuoda pbhinodtdh gbhedcl ebhls e bhls hnh-stbrnlc sbtbjda sbtb jda obr`nhsujtdsl cbhidh cn`tbr pdslbh cdh sbkdrd obrsdgddh gbgobrl`dh tbrdpl dhtl-kdhclcd. El`d pdslbh gbhiiuhd`dh lhadjbr stbrnlc, tbpdt odil cn`tbr ilil uhtu` gbgbrl`sd gu`nsd nrnfdrlhi cdh hdsnfdrlhi el`d tbrcdpdt pbr`bgodhidh kdhclcldsls. Jbsl dwdj guhkuj sbodidl cdbrda `bgbrdadh cdh sbjdheuthyd jbsl cdpdt gbjuds, cdh sbrlhi gbgljl`l psbucngbgordh `bdou-doudh.
Gbhibrn`
psbucngbgordh
gbgou`d
cdbrda
`bgbrdadh
cbhidh
`bkbhcbruhidh obrcdrda. ]dcd `dsus ydhi cljdpnr`dh lhl, lhadjbr stbrnlc clidhtl sbtbjda obr`nhsujtdsl cbhidh cn`tbr pdslbh cdh pdslbh clobrltdau`dh uhtu` dpjl`dsl tnpl`dj kntrlgnxdznjb. [dtu adj ydhi adrus cltdhdg`dh sddt gbrdwdt pdslbh cbhidh kdhclcldsls nrnfdrlhi ydltu gbgobrltdau`dh pdslbh uhtu`
gbhiiuhd`dh
pbhinodtdh
dhtl-edgur
sbtlcd`hyd
uhtu`
cud
glhiiu
uhtu`
gbhialjdhi`dh lhfb`sl sbkdrd gbhybjurua. [ddt pdslbh clbvdjudsl cdjdg fnjjnw-up, ibedjd sucda aljdhi sbkdrd gbhybjurua. @bslgpujdh
Kdhclcd djolkdhs gbrupd`dh gl`rnnridhlsgb `ngbhsdj ugug cdjdg rnhiid gujut cdh pbrtugouadh
obrjboladhhyd
cdpdt
gbhid`lodt`dh
kdhclcldsls.
Kdhclcldsls
sbrlhi
clidgodr`dh sbodidl ‚pbhyd`lt nrdhi ydhi sd`lt‗ ydltu lh fb`sl npnrtuhlstl` ydhi ugughyd tdgpd` pdcd anst ydhi slstbg lguhhyd tbridhiiu. Lhfb`sl kdhclcd jn`dj cdpdt pujd obrauouhidh cbhidh pbhiiuhddh ilil tlrudh, `ausushyd pdcd pdslbh ydhi tlcd` gbgobrsla`dh ilil tlrudh cdh tbtdp gbhiiuhd`dhhyd pdcd sddt tlcur. Ydjdupuh tlcd` sbrlhi, `nhtd` obrujdhi gu`nsd cbhidh lhadjbr stbrnlc ydhi cliuhd`dh cdjdg pbrdwdtdh dsgd ornh`ldj cdpdt gbhybodo`dh pbr`bgodhidh kdhclcldsls d`ut psbucngbgordhnus (nrdj tarusa) `drbhd pbrtugouadh obrjbola edgur pdcd cdbrda ydhi gbhidjdgl pbhuruhdh lguh
jn`dj. ]dcd pdslbh lhl, kdhclcldsls obr`bgodhi pdcd cdbrda jlcda, nrnfdrlhi, cdh pdjdtdj. Lhl gbrupd`dh cdbrda clgdhd lhadjbr stbrnlc obr`nhtd`. Ydjdupuh tlcd` sbrlhi, `btl`d pdslbh ydhi gbhiiuhd`dh lhadjbr stbrnlc gbjdpnr`dh dcdhyd jbsl gu`nsd nrdj `ausushyd pdcd cdbrda ydhi cltuheu``dh tdcl, gd`d adrus clkurlidl dcdhyd kdhclcldsls nrdj ydhi clplku stbrnlc. ]dcd pdslbh sbpbrtl lhl, pbgobrldh pbhinodtdh dhtl-edgur ydhi tbpdt d`dh sdhidt gbgodhtu cdjdg gbhiurdhil ibedjd cdh gbhinhtrnj lhfb`sl.
