CALISTA ROY ADAPTATION MODEL A member of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Carondler October 14th 1939,in Los Angeles , California Received a Bachelor of arts in nursing in 1963 from mount saint Mary’s college in los angels Master of Science in nursing from the University of California at los angels in 1966 After earning her nursing degrees, Roy began her education in sociology, Receiving both an M.A, in sociology in 1973 PhD in sociology in 1977 from the university of California.
•
•
•
Focus:
Humans as adaptive systems
Input=stimuli (focal, contextual, residual)
Coping mechanisms=2 subsystems cognator (cognitive-emotive channels) regulator (neural, chemical, endocrine)
Output=behavior (adaptive, maladaptive)
4 modes of adaptation: - phys physio iolo logi gicc role function interdependence
•
- self self conc concep eptt -
•
•
•
Evolution of Theory While working on masters, was mentored by Dorothy Johnson Challenged to develop a conceptual model Roy noticed the resiliency of children and change Intrigued by adaptation becoming the eventual framework 1968: Operationalization 1970: Literature debut 1977: Model presentation
Scientific and Philosophical Assumptions of the RAM Scientific Systems Theory Adaptation-level Theory Holism Interdependence
•
•
Control processes Info Inform rmat atio ion n feed feedba back ck
•
•
•
Philosophical Humanism Creativity
• •
Behavior as adaptive Adaptation as a function of stimuli and adaptation level Individual, dynamic adaptation levels Posi Positi tive ve and and acti active ve processes of responding
Purposefulness Holism Interpersonal process
Veritivity Purposefulness of human existence Unity of purpose Activity, creativity Value and meaning of life
Statement of Theory
Veritivity-”a principle of human nature that affirms a common purposefulness of human existence” In response to the 25th anniversary of the model’s publication, Roy restated the assumptions that form the basis of the model and redefined adaptation. Adaptation is defined as” the process and outcome whereby thinking and feeling persons, as individuals or in groups, use conscious awareness and choice to create human and environmental integration •
The goal of nursing is to promote adaptation for individuals and groups in each of the four adaptive modes, thus contributing to health quality of life, and dignity with dying.
4 Main Concept of RAM Person /grou/family as an adaptive system Environment –internal and external stimuli Health – becoming whole and integrated Nursing – the art and science of promoting adaptation
Scientific Assumptions
• •
• •
Systems of matter and energy progress to higher levels of complex self- organization. Consciousness and meaning are constitutive of person and environment integration Awareness of self and environment is rooted in thinking and feeling Humans by their decisions are accountable for the integration of creative processes. Bryan Dimen
Page 2
Thinking and feeling mediate human action System relationships include acceptance, protection, and fostering of interdependence Persons and the earth have common patterns and integral relationships Persons and environment transformations are created in human consciousness Integration of human and environment meanings results in adaptation
individually and in groups and the adaptation potential of these groups. Strength of Roy Adaptation Model Provide an opportunity for consideration of multiple aspects of the human adaptive system and support gaining an understanding of the whole system The importance of the spiritual aspects of the human adaptive system, often omitted from nursing assessment, is included in a manner that allows for incorporation of spiritually without imposition of the nurses beliefs. Logically organized and draws on the nurses observational and interviewing skills. •
•
Philosophical Assumptions
Persons have mutual relationships with the world and God Human meaning is rooted in the omega point convergence of the universe. God is intimately revealed in the diversity of creation and is the common destiny of creation. Persons use human creative abilities of awareness, enlightenment, and faith. Persons are accountable for the processes of deriving, sustaining and transforming the universe
•
Weakness of Roy Adaptation Model The need for consistent definitions of the concepts and terms within the RAM In practice area, it is increasingly challenged with time constraints, the amount of time required to fully implement the two areas of RAM assessment may be viewed as insurmountable. •
•
CONCLUSION The Roy adaptation model identifies the essential concepts relevant to nursing as the human adaptive system is viewed as constantly interacting with internal and external environmental stimuli. The human adaptive system is active and reactive to these stimuli. Stimuli are defined as focal(regular stimuli), contextual(stimuli existing in situation) and residual (other phenomena arising from a person’s internal or external environment that may affect the local stimuli but the effects are unknown). The internal coping processes of regulator and cognator for the individual and stabilizer and innovation for collective human adaptive systems are phenomena of concern to nursing. Support of coping processes may be the focus of nursing intervention. The four adaptive modes may be the first aspect of the model that the student or nurse is able to assimilate. •
•
The Four Modes of Adaptation 1. Physiologic-Physical Mode - Physical and chemical processes involved in the function and activities of living organisms; the underlying need is physiologic integrity as seen in the degree of wholeness achieved through adaptation to change in needs. 2. Self-concept- Group Identity Mode - Focuses on psychological and spiritual integrity and sense of unity, meaning, and purposefulness in the universe. 3. Role Function Mode - Roles that individuals occupy in society, fulfilling the need for social integrity. It is knowing who one is in relation to others. 4. Interdependence Mode - The close relationships of people and their purpose, structure and development
•
•
•
Bryan Dimen
Page 2
