CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA MATRIZ CUENCA
Maquinas Hidráulicas
NOMBRE: MONCAYO MATUTE FREDDY PATRICIO
PERIODO LECTIVO 2016 – 2017
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Moncayo Matute Freddy Patricio 24 años Av. Calle vieja y turuhuayco 4-48, Cuenca. Cuenca. Ecuador Cel. 094208131-6 Celular : 0991523372 - Claro Email :
[email protected]
Este trabajo nace con el fin explicativo de la materia me impuse un caso real en el Ecuador la hidroeléctrica central molino tenemos la casa de máquina allí dispone de turbinas pelton yo tome los datos necesarios para diseñar nuevamente así corroborar mis cálculos.
https://www.celec.gob.ec/hidropaute/centrales/mazar/25espanol/centrales/molino.html
CALCULO DE LA TURBINA DE LA CENTRAL MOLINO Datos de la ficha. H de caída P caída neta Frecuencia Rpm Peso especifico Rendimiento
657 m 116 MW 60 Hz 360 9.78 KN/m3 91.83 %
= 9.78
∗ ∗
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= ∗ . ∗ −. = 360 ∗ 144831 144831. ∗ 657 657−. = 41.1886
‘’Turbina p elton elton con varios inyectores’’ |
Pe * * H * Q * Pe to ta l
to ta l
to ta l
* to ta l
*
* H * Q
*
116 MW
9.78 * 19.65 * 657 91.87% 91.87 %
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DISEÑO DE INYECTOR
Calculo de la velocidad Absoluta.
c1 C 1* 1* 2 * g * H C 1
0.98
c1 0.98
*
2 * 9.81*
657
c1 113.5 m / s
Calculo de la velocidad tangencial.
u 0.46 * c1 u 0.46 * 113.5 u 51.09 m / s
Calculo del diámetro del chorro. *
Q V * A
* d 2
* c1
4 d
4*Q
* c1
d 0.46 m
4 * 19.65
* 113.5
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Caudal nominal
Q N
* d 2
* C 1
4
Q N
* 0.46 2 4
* 113.5
Q N 18.8 m 3 / s Diámetro provisional de la salida de la tobera: El diámetro de la tobera tom aremos como un máximo de 0.18 m
d
'
1.25 * d ch o rro
d
'
1.25 * 0.18
'
d 0.225 m 225 mm l l
d 2 225
2 l 112.5mm 112.5mm
Radio de la curvatura del bulbo
DIMENSIONADO DE LA CUCHARA.
b 245 mm
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Dimensionamiento de las medidas de la cuchara
L 2.2 * d
B 2.7 * d
S 1 ,1*d
m1 0 ,18*d 18*d
L 2.2 * 0.46
B 2.7*0.46
S 1 ,1* 0,46
m1 0 ,18* 18* 0,46
L 1.012 m
B 1.242 m
S 0.50 m
m1 0. 0.08 m
t 2 * d
T 0.6 0. 6 *d * d
m 0 ,95 ,95*d *d
t 2 * 0.46
T 0.6 * 0.46
m 0,95 * 0,46 0,46
t 0.92 m
T 0.276 m
m 0. 0.437 437
Calculo del diámetro del rodete.
* n * D 60 u * 60 D n * 51.091 * 60 D * 360 D 2.71 m u
2710.46 mm D 2710.46
Relación de Diámetros D d
2.710
5.89
0.46
Calculo del número de inyectores.
360 rpm 37.69
rad seg
960
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Q1 ch o rro= 3.2 m/s
# in yect
Qt o t a l Q1ch o rro m
# in yect o res
3
19.6 seg se g 3.2
m
3
seg
# in yect o res 6.140 # in yect o res 6 Inyect ores
Calculo del Par
M M
r
*
* P
u 0.655
* 116 MW 51.091 M 1487.15 kN * m PASO Y NUMERO DE ALABES
Para realizar el dimensionado de los alabes de la turbina, podemos basarnos en el siguiente gráfico:
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Para determinar el paso y el número de álabes de la turbina, es necesario determinar una constante k “
” ”
K K
1 D p D * d 0 2 1
2
4.16 2.71
*
0.46
K 1.576 m Con este valor se puede determinar los diferentes ángulos que permiten establecer de mejor manera las dimensiones de la cuchara:
d D 0,46
2.71
0,1697 − * − *
1 1 2*k* 2*k* 1 0,1697 0,1697 1 2 *1 * 1,576* 0,1697
40,350 C
2 * 0,45 0.98 2 * 0,46
2
(1 2 * k * ) (1 (1 )
2
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El número teórico de álabes está dado por
z ´ z ´
2
´ 2 0,4956
z ´ 12,67 z 13 ala bes
'
2 z
2 * 13
0,4833 rad 28 28ºº
De este modo, al recalcular el paso t como una relación entre el perímetro y el número de cucharas, se tiene:
t
* D z
*2,71m *2,71 m 13
CALCULO DE L A VELOCIDAD RELATIVA.
0.6549 m
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W 2u W 2* cos β cos β 2 W 2u 46.80* 46.80* cos (14) W 2u m
s
Calculo de la fuerza tangencial ejercida por el chorro sobre la cuchara.
F Q * * W 1U W 2U
F 19.65*1000 19.65* 1000 * 46.80 45.40 F 1811.1 KN 1811.1 KN Potencia
Pi F * u Pi 1811.1 KN *51.091 1 1811.1 KN *51.09 Pi 92.53 Mw 92.53 Mw CÁLCULO DEL RENDIMIENTO HIDRAULICO
Altura teórica de Euler
Hi Hi
Pi Q * * g 92.53 Mw 19.65 * 1000 * 9,81
Hi 480.50 m
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El valor del rendimiento volumétrico es uno, porque La turbina Pelton no posee perdidas volumétricas.
Cálculo de pérdidas en el in yector:
H r 1 H (1 0.98 2 ) H r 1 26.01 m
Cálculo de pérdidas en los alabes de los rodetes:
2
H rr 46.8 45.4 H rr
2 * 9.81 6.579 m
Cálculo de pérdida por velocidad de salida:
c 2 * tg ( 2) c 2 51.09* tg ( 14) 14) c 2 12.73 m seg
2
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CONCLUSIONES:
Se logró hacer el diseño de una turbina pelton partiendo como datos Altura Neta y Potencia neta de la central se compara con la turbina pelton de la casa de máquinas central molino y se llegó a resultamos muy cercanos ce rcanos lo cual cumplimos el objetivo. objetivo .
El elemento más importante en las turbinas pelton es la cazoleta en forma de doble cuchara, que recibe el chorro exactamente en su arista media donde se divide en dos; Cuando se dispone de un solo inyector, el rodete tiene el eje de giro horizontal y el eje de salida del chorro es tangente horizontal, inferior a la circunferencia del rodete, cuyo diámetro se denomina diámetro Pelton, cayendo el agua a la salida de las cucharas al fondo de la turbina, t urbina, sin interferir el giro de la rueda.
Pudimos darnos en cuenta que la turbina pelton es más utilizada para alturas muy grandes y bajos caudales en cambio la francis es para alturas pequeñas y grandes caudales
BIBLIOGRAFÍA:
AGUERA SOREANO, José, Mecánica de Fluidos Incomprensibles y Turbo máquinas Hidráulicas, Hidráulicas, editorial Ciencia 3, S.A.,
MATAIX, Claudio. Turbo maquinas Hidráulicas. Editorial ICAI.
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Comprobación de los datos diseñados con el catálogo de la Celec - Ecuador
Numero de polos calculado es igual al del