KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 KURSUS r KURSUS PENGELUARAN PENGELUARAN TANAMAN TANAMAN TEMBIKAI TEMBIKAI SECARA SECARA r e e b b KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA m m e e DI DI HOTEL HOTEL SRI SRI MALAYSIA, MALAYSIA, SEPANG. SEPANG. KUALA KUALA LUMPUR LUMPUR s s i i D PADA 28 2829 DISEMBER 2005 D PADA 28-29 DISEMBER 2005 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I (Citrullus lanatus ) A A K K I I B B M M E E T T Cabaran Indah Sdn. Bhd (CISB) N N No. 155 B&C Wakaf Che Yeh, A A R R 15110 Kota Bahru,Kelan Bahru,Kelantan. tan. A A U U E.mail:
[email protected] cisb_wcy@yaho o.com.my L L E E G G N N E E P PMobile:012-9381441 Mobile:012-9381441 S STel:09-7478240 Tel:09-7478240 U U S Fax:09-7439021 SFax:09-7439021 R R U U K K
TEKNOLOGI PENANAMAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI Albahari Sulong
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
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PENGENALAN
TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E
Pengenalan
Tembikai (Citrullus lanatus) tergolong dalam famili Cucurbitacea.
Tembikai dikenali dengan beberapa nama: Antaranya ialah Boci, Timun Cina, Semangka, Melikai dll.
Tembikai mempunyai sifat yang berbeza dari segi warna (kulit dan isi), saiz dan bentuk mengikut jenis/varieti 3
Pengenalan Pengenalan ..samb. ..samb.
Dua kumpulan - Buah berbiji dan tidak berbiji dgn. berwarna merah, kuning kuning dan oren. Tanaman ini mendapat pasaran yang amat baik dalam dan luar negara (Singapura dll) Negara adalah salah satu pengeluar tembikai utama (Nombor 12 di Dunia) – 3.1% Potensi pasaran negara 15% (kedua) selepas nanas (38%) Tembikai negara diiktiraf bermutu paling tinggi Buahnya tahan disimpan antara 2-3 minggu
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E
Status Indus Status In dustri tri ((200 2004) Industri (2004) 4) Keluasan tanaman tanaman:7856 ha (2000)* (2000)* tanaman::7856 7856 ha Potensi Pote nsi pas pasaran aran: 358,825 825 ribu metr metrik ik tan pasa ran:: 358, 358,825 358 ,825 Nilai (R (RM): 139 juta Eksport: Eksport:
136 136,709 metrik ik tan 136,,709 709 ribu metr = RM RM 69 69 juta juta Pasaran Pasa ran temp tempatan atan:: 138 138,822 metrik ik tan 138,,822 822 ribu metr = RM 70 juta Singapore 57% Hong Kong 34% Taiwan 7% Brunei 1% Lain-lain 1% Sumber:: FAMA Sumber *Sumber:Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia
Warna,Bentuk & Saiz berbeza
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
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Tembikai dan kesihatan
Mempunyai zat pemakanan yang tinggi
Iaitu kandungan vitamin A dan C. Jusnya mempunyai laksatif sesuai bagi masalah penghadaman Pemilihan diet yang seimbang dapat memerangi penyakit berkaitan koronari jantung (* Dr. Barbara Levine, Pengarah program kesihatan manusia pusat perubatn Cornell) 7
Zat pemakanan tembikai (bagi setiap 100 100 g) g) Komponen Tenaga Air (Kelembapan) Protein Lemak Karbohidrat Serat Ash /Abu /Abu Kalsium Fosforus Besi Sodium Kalium (Potassium) Vitamin A aktif (Beta karotena) Vitamin A Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2
Kuantiti 56.0 kalori 92.2 92 .2 g 0.6 g 0.2 g 6.0 g 0.2 g 0.4 g 6.0 mg 11.0 mg 0.2 mg 4.0 mg 78.0mg 410.0 ug 68.0 ug 0.04 0. 04 mg 0.05 0. 05 mg
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
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Kegunaan Secara tradisi, buah digunakan sebagai sebagai makanan pembasuh mulut. Dimakan mentah dan dijadikan jus minuman segar Digunakan dalam sambutan perayaan, jamuan dan sebagainya Bijinya (jenis berbiji) dipanggang untuk dijadikan kuaci.
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Morfologi Tanaman
Tabiat pertumbuhan - tumbuh menjalar dan boleh memanjat dengan menggunakan salur paut Daun berwarna hijau muda , saiz daun 20 – 30 30 cm lebar, berbentuk jantung dan mempunyai tangkai daun yang agak panjang (10 (10--20 cm). Tekstur permukaan daun kasar dan mempunyai bulu Pengakaran: Cetek (40 -50 cm) dan meluas (60 -90 cm) Batang berbentuk bulat atau bersegi empat. Bunga mempunyai 5 kelopak dan berwarna kuning terang Bunga betina dan jantan adalah berasingan (Monoecious ). ).
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
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Sifat daun dan sulur paut (tendril) 11
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I
Bunga betina & jantan
Bunga Betina
Bunga Jantan 13
Keperluan Pertumbuhan
Boleh tumbuh di kawasan iklim yang berbeza iaitu iklim sederhana, kawasan tropika dan sub tropika dan boleh tumbuh sehingga 40 o di utara dan selatan khatulistiwa.
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I
Keperluan Keperluan Pertumbuhan Pertumbuhan ..samb. ..samb.
Hujan berlebihan dan cuaca redup menyebabkan pertumbuhan pertumbuhan pokok terbantut. Pembentukan bunga dan buah terjejas. Memerlukan kawasan bersaliran baik dan dan sensitif kepada air bertakung melebihi 24 jam. Tembikai tidak sesuai ditanam di kawasan tanah liat berat Antara tanah yang sesuai ialah tanah berpasir seperti bris siri Rudua, Rhu Tapai, tanah mineral (gembur berpasir), tanah lanar sungai dan tanah gambut bersaliran baik. 15
Keperluan ..samb Keperluan Pertumbuhan Pertumbuhan ..samb. ..samb..
Tembikai memerlukan pH tanah antara 4.6 – 7.0 Tembikai didapati tahan terhadap
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I
Keperluan Keperluan Pertumbuhan Pertumbuhan ..samb. ..samb.
Jangka hayat pertumbuhan ~ 2 ½ - 3 bulan iaitu dalam lingkungan 10 12 minggu.
Pokok mula berbunga 4 minggu selepas tanam dan putik buah terbentuk selepas berlakunya pendebungaa pendebungaan. n. Buah matang pendebungaan. dan boleh dituai 20 -25 hari selepas berputik
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I
Musim penanaman
Boleh di tanam bermula pada bulan sebaik saja hujan berkurangan biasanya antara bulan April hingga ogos (pantai barat) & Jan hingga Julai (pantai timur) Penanaman lewat pada bulan musim hujan tidak digalakkan. Faktor hujan didapati mempengaruhi proses pendebungaan. Bunga akan layu dan gugur. Pembentukan buah tidak akan berlaku. Penuaian hasil pada musim hujan juga memberi kesan terhadap kualiti Tempoh penyimpanan tembikai singkat mudah reput dijangkiti kulat.
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Tembikai secara komersial (negeri pantai barat)
Sebagai tanaman selingan dlm.
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I
Faktor iklim mempengaruhi hasil 2 Pancaran matahari lemah
Kecederaan akibat air hujan Air hujan
5 4 Tanah melekat
1 6
Pada pokok
Buah yang matang
3 Tanah lembap
21
Tanaman Giliran
Bagi tujuan menjaga kesuburan tanah dan perebakan serangga perosak dan penyakit, sistem tanaman giliran perlu diamalkan.
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
TEKNOLOGI LENGKAP 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
7.
8. 9.
Varieti. Amalan kultur (Agronomi). Pengurusan musuh, penyakit termasuk rumpai. Pengurusan air. Pengurusan ladang. • Hubungan dengan ilmu pertanian. • Perancangan / rekod ladang. Sistem penanaman. • Corak penanaman. Mekanisasi ladang. • Peralatan dan kejenteraan. Pengendalian belum dan lepas tuai. Sistem pemasaran. pemasaran . 23
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
Varieti – Tembikai tanpa biji paling popular
Varietii –Te Variet –Tembi mbikai kaii ber berbij bijii & Hitam mbika Hitam manis manis kurang kur ang popula ularr masa kuran g pop popular masa kini masa kini kini
25
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005
Perbandingan Perbandinga n warna isi, kulit antara varieti antara varieti
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
126 126 QUALITY QUALITY
27
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
Sin Sin Fon Fon - Oren Oren ••Asal: Taiwan Taiwan ••Tem Tempo poh h mat matang ang :: 65 H matang mat 65 HST HST HST ST ••Sa Saiz iz bu buah ah (A (AVE VE): ): VE): ): - 33 – 66 kkg •• Diame Diameter ter : 33 -- 6 kg Diameter Diam eter -- 50 -- 700 cm m •• Tahan penyakit peny akit Tahan Taha n peny penyakit akit Downy Downy mildew mildew •• Kem Kemani anisan san tin tingg ggi (13% % Kemani Kem anisan tingg ggiii (13 (13% % Brix) •• Mem Mempu punya nyai jalur ur timbu bull Mempu Mem puny nyai aii jal jalur ur tim timbu tim •• Ben Bentu tuk k bua buah h bu bulat Bentuk Ben tuk buah bu ah bullat at Taha han n peca pe cah h (teb (t ebal al ku kuli lit •• Ta Taha Ta han pe peca cah h (t (teb ebal kuli litt 1 -- 1. 1.5c 5cm) m) 1.5c 1. 5cm) m)
29
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
Varieti – Golden Delight •Asal: Asal: Taiwan •Te Temp mpoh oh mata tang ng H ST Temp Te mpoh oh ma tang ng : 60 – 65 HST HST ST Saiz iz buah bu ah (AVE (A VE): ): •Sa Saiz bu Sa buah (AVE VE): 55 -- 88 kg (2 (5 0%), kg (25%) (25%), (25% 5%), ),, 44 -- 55 kg kg (50%) (50%), (50% ),, 33 - 44 kg (25 (25%) %)) (25%) (25% •Tah Tahan an penyak pen yakit it Downy wny Tahan pen Tah penyak yakit it Do mildew mildew • Keman Kemanisan isan tinggi gi (15% Brix) Kemanisan isan ting tinggi ting (15% Brix Brix))) Brix • Mem Mempu puny nyai ai jalur jal ur hijau hij au muda mu da Mempun punyai yai jal jalur ur hi hijau jau mu muda da timbul timbul • Bent Bentuk uk buah bula bulat/bu t/bujur jur bulat/bu bula t/bujur jur • Ta Taha han n peca pe cah h (teb (t ebal al kuli ku lit han n (teb (t ebal al ku kuli littt 0.8 1.0cm) cm) 0.8 - 1.0 1.0cm) cm)
31
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E
Kriteria pemilihan varieti tembikai tanpa biji (boci)
Tahan terhadap penyakit Hasil tinggi >18 mt/ha Warna isi menarik (merah terang) Kadar kemanisan tinggi >10o Brix Bentuk buah besar > 5 kg, bulat atau
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E
PEMILIHAN KAWASAN TANAMAN
Topografi kawasan tidak terlalu curam (Sebaiknya rata) untuk mudah kerja persediaan kawasan dan penjagaan tanaman . Sumber air mencukupi Lokasi kawasan berdekatan atau
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E
Penyediaan Anak Benih
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 Teknik 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E
Menyemai..samb.
Biji benih direndam selama 3030-45 minit dengan campuran amino asid (2 ml / lit.air) bagi melembutkan kulit biji (testa ) dan menggalakkan percambahan serta pertumbuhan anak yang sihat. Sebelum disemai, bijibenih bijibenih digaul dengan racun kulat untuk mencegah penyakit serap (damping off ) Selepas direndam, satu biji benih disemai dalam dulang yang mengandungi media khas, Sedikit media semaian ditabur dan diratakan pada permukaan dulang semaian.
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E
Rawatan biji benih dalam rawatan Fostnutren 0.1%
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b
Menyemai biji benih
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b
KAEDAH MENYEMAI BIJI BENIH
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b
KAEDAH MENYEMAI BIJI BENIH
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b
Penyediaan Kawasan
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P
Fungsi & Simptom kekurangan zat makro Nutrien
Nitrogen (N)
Fosforus (P)
Potassium (K)
Kalsium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg)
Kesan
Kesan / Simptom
Kekurangan
daun matang kekuningan, pertumbuhan terbantut dan hasil buah berkurangan
Lebih
Daun berwarna hijau tua. Mudah diserang penyakit, perosak dan mudah rebah (lodging (lodging ). ). Buah berkurangan.
Kekurangan Daun berwarna ungu, pertumbuhan terbantut. Lebih
Boleh menyebabkan kekurangan pengambilan nutrien mikro Fe atau Zn
Kekurangan
Daun matang menjadi kuning bermula dari tepi daun. Pengeluaran buah tidak seragam
Lebih
Boleh menyebabkan kekurangan pengambilan Mg dan Ca
Kekurangan
Pertumbuhan terbantut terutama sekali pucuk. Pertumbuhan akar lemah.
Lebih
Boleh menyebabkan kekurangan Mg atau K
Kekurangan
Daun matang berwarna kuning (antara urat daun). Pengeluaran buah terbantut. 123
Fungsi & Simptom kekurangan zat mikro Nutrien
Kesan
Kesan / Simptom
Sulfur (S)
Kekurangan
Daun matang kekuningan. (seperti kekurangan N pada peringkat awal pertumbuhan)
Lebih
Boleh menyebabkan keguguran daun sebelum masanya.
Besi (Fe)
Kekurangan
Tompokan warna kuning antara urat daun. Tisu daun berbintik, akhirnya mati dan berwarna perang.
Lebih
Daun menjadi merah tua (bronzing (bronzing ) dengan bintik perang
Mangan ese (Mg)
Kekurangan
Tompokan warna kuning antara urat daun muda
Lebih
Bintik perang (dikelilingi lingkaran klorosis) di daun matang.
Zink (Zn)
Kekurangan
Tompokan warna kuning antara urat daun pada daun muda. Pertumbuhan terbantut.
Lebih
Boleh menyebabkan kekurangan Fe.
Kekurangan
Kematian pucuk daun. Kehilangan warna pada bahagian daun secara bertompok. Daun berubah bentuk bentuk
Boron (Bo)
Lebih
Hujung daun menjadi kuning diikuti dengan hangus
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P
Tanda-tanda akibat kekurangan zat-z za t-zat att ba baja ja zat-za zat -zat pada pad a tan tanama aman n pada pa da tanam ta naman an
125
Simptom kekurangan K
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P
Pucuk naik/menegak
Pucuk menjalar mendatar mendatar
Simptom kekurangan B (Daun klorosis berkedut. berkedut. Kekuningan menyeluruh dengan berkedut. dengan urat urat hijau. hijau. Pucuk naik/menegak keatas ‘apollo’ ) )) 127
Simptom kekurangan Mg (Daun menjadi tebal, bergulung dan rapuh)
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P
Simptom kekurangan Mg 129
Kekurangan N
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P
Simptom kekurangan Mn
131
Simptom kekurangan K (Potassium)
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I
Kesan kekurangan Ca
Kesan kekurangan air dan lebih P Rekahan dan kulit terlampau tebal
PENUAIAN HASIL
133
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I
PENGUTIPAN
Buah tembikai tanpa biji dipetik 25-30 hari selepas bunga terbentuk atau 65-70 hari selepas menanam di ladang Tahap kematangan 70 -80% Buah dipetik dengan memotong tangkai buah 5 cm dari pangkalnya Bagi jenis tanpa tanpa biji, biji, berat sebiji buah gred A (>7.0 kg *eskport), gred B (5.0 -7.0 kg *tempatan A) dan gred C (3.0 - 5.0 kg * tempatan B) Setiap sulur berupaya menghasilkan 1biji buah yang berkualiti. Setiap pokok boleh menghasilkan 3-4 biji buah Potensi hasil dalam lingkungan 20 20--25 t/ha. 135
PANDUAN MENGENALPASTI KEMATANGAN
Kulit buah akan bertukar
Melalui warna sulur paut
Dari Warna hijau berkilat kepada
Sulur paut akan bertukar warna dari
Kurang berkilat serta pudar
Hijau ke kuning dan kemudiannya Kering. Sukur paut yang kering Kering. menandakan buah terlalu matang
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I
INDEKS KEMATANGAN Cukup matang
Tidak matang (Kematangan <60%. Bunyi Padat.. Tidak sesuai untuk Padat pasaran
Terlalu masak
(Kematangan 70 70 – – 80%) Tembikai berkenaan sudah Mencapai tahap kemanisan Yang sewajarnya.. Kandungan sewajarnya bahan pepejar larut mencapai 100 Brix Brix.. Warna isi menunjukkkan ciri warna varieti berkenaan iaitu lebih banyak merah daripada putih putih,, rangup rangup,, pejar dan berjus atau kenyai serta tidak liat
(Kematangan >90%). Isi tembikai kurang/tidak pejal Atau rangup rangup,, bertekstur benyek/lembik serta lecap (water soaked). Rasa agak Tawar kemasaman , bangar dan Kurang enak enak.. Warna merah kehitaman dan tidak cerah cerah.. Tidak sesuai untuk pasaran 137
Contoh Tanaman Tembikai luar negara
Pengeluaran hasil hasil:: 75 t/ha
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I I B B A A P P N N A A T T I I A A K K I I B B M M E E T T N N A A R R A A U U L L E E G G N N E E P P S S U U S S R R U U K K
Pengendalian buah yang dipetik
5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 r r e e b b m m e e s s i i D D 9 9 2 2 8 8 2 2 – – I I J J I
139
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 KEPERLUAN INPUT DAN ANGGARAN KOS BAGI 1 HA Tembik Tem bikai ai Tan Tanpa pa Bi Biji ji No.
Perkara
Packing Unit
Benih 1 Te mbika i ore n 2 Ta npa Biji (Boci)
Rate dan Kos Ke ke ra pa n Kepe rluan Nila i kos 200 lit. RM. HA. Jumlah (RM) (gm,kg,lit.) (Unit) (Unit)
(gm) (gm)
20 200
20 200
60.00 350.00
1 1
20 200
20 200
Ca ta ta n
60.00 Va Va rieti:Golde n Delight 350.00 Si Sin Foon, Red Victor 410.00
3 4 5 6
Racun Kulat Forum Ditha ne M 45 Mero D/Ba vistin Lona col
(gm) (kg.) (lit.) (kg.)
250 1 1 1
110 0.5 0.22 0.4
23.32 11.50 14.30 10.00
2 2 2 2
320 0.5 0.5 2.0
640 1 1 4
135.68 Ka Ka w a la n Dow ny milde w 23.00 Ce Ce ga ha n a w a l a ntra knos & Do 65.00 Ka Ka w a la n a ntra knos & Dow ny 100.00 Ce ga ha n a w a l binti k Ce rcosp 323.68
7 8 9 10 11 12
Racun Serangga Ca rbonfura n Ca scade De lta methrin 1.4% Dime thoa te 38 % De lta me thrin 25% C ype rmethrin 5.5% Cy
(kg.) (lit.) (lit.) (lit.) (gm) (lit.)
4 1 1 1 80 1
4 0.25 0.22 0.55 80 0.2
20.00 27.00 10.56 14.30 58.00 3.00
1 3 2 4 3 1
10 0.8 0.5 1.2 80 1
10 2.4 1 4.8 240 1
50.00 Ka Ka w a lan a w a l se ra ngga 259.20 Ka Ka w a la n Pe nggore k buah & H 48.00 Ka Ka w a la n ulat 124.80 Ka Ka w a la n trip & ulat 174.00 Ka Ka w a lan penggore k buah & ul 15.00 Ka Ka w a la n penggore k buah 671.00
kos penge pengeluara luaran.. n..Samb.. 13 Humiforte N-6 14 Fosnutre n 15 Ka dostim
(lit.) (lit.) (lit.)
1 1 1
0.5 0.5 0.5
22.50 22.50 22.50
2 2 2
1 1 1.5
2 2 3
90.00 Tumbe sa ra n 90.00 Pe mbunga a n,be nih, 135.00 Pe mbua ha n,ke ta ha
16 Forgr Forgreen een Ca Ca + 17 Forgre en - B 18 Vita - Grow
(gm) (gm) (lit.)
500 500 4
110 110 1
8.80 9.24 14.50
4 4 2
500 200 4
2000 2000 8
160.00 Za Za t ka lsium,e la k ke g 168.00 Ke subura n bunga ,k 116.00 Ta mba ha n pe ma ka 759.00
Baja
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 ALIRAN KEWANGAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI KELUASAN (ha) : 1.0 Pe rkara
Unit
A. ALIRAN WANG MASUK Hasil T an RM Pendapatan Kasar B. ALIRAN WANG KELUAR I. Kos Bahan Input Jumlah Ke cil I II. Kos Input Tenaga Kerja - Penyediaan kawasan dan batas Kontrak/ha - Memas an ang Plastik tenagahari - Ke Kerj rjaa-ke kerj rja a se sema maia ian/ n/me meng ngap apur ur tena te naga gaha hari ri - Me na nan am am d an an p en en jar an an ga ga n t en en ag aga ha ha riri - Peny Penyele elengg nggara araan an sistem pen pengai gairan ran/men /menyitenag yitenagaha ahari ri - Membaja tenagahari - Membaja tambahan tenagahari - Kawalan rumpai tenagahari - Men enga gawa wall se sera rang ngga ga da dan n pe peny nyak akit it tena te naga gaha hari ri - C an ant as as an an/pendebungaan t en enagahari - Memungut has il tenagahari Jumlah Kecil II III.. Lain-lain kos III a. Sus utnilai s is tem pengairan b. Susutnilai alat-alat ladang c . Cukai Tanah Jumlah Kecil III IV. Kontingensi 10% C. JUMLAH ALIRAN WANG KELUAR D. PENDAPAT AN BERSIH E. PE PENDAPAT AN BERSIH T ERKUMPUL F. PU PURAT A PENDAPAT AN BERSIH/BULAN G. KO KOS PENGELUARAN SAT U KILO (RM/KG) H. PULANGAN KEPADA PELABURAN I. PULANGAN KEPADA T ENAGA KELUARGA* * Keluarga yang bekerja sendiri
Kuanti Kuan titi ti Per Ha. 25
Harga/ Harg a/ Unit 450.00
Jumlah 11 1 1250.00 11250.00 4792.38 4792.38
10.00 6.00 6. 00 6. 00 00 12.00 12. 00 8.00 8. 8.00 10.00 6.00 6. 00 4. 00 00 15.00
21.60 21.6 21 .60 0 21 .6 .6 0 21.60 21. 60 21.60 21.60 21.60 21.6 21 .60 0 21.60 21.60
400.00 216.00 129. 12 9.60 60 12 9. 9. 60 60 259.20 259 .20 172.80 172.80 216.00 129. 12 9.60 60 86. 40 40 324.00 2236.00 766.00
15.00
15.00 781.00 702.84 8512.22 2737.78 2737.78 912.59 0.34 1.32 4973.78
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 Manual..Samb. Manual..Samb. 0
1.Menanam / pindah anak benih tembikai tanpa biji 2.Penyiraman -sistem pengairan titis
5
Menyembur racun serangga dan kulat serta baja foliar
7
Me m a ngka s pucuk
Ba g i pe m be ntu kka n 4 sul ur ke dua yg .
P em em ba ba ja ja an an m el el al al ui ui si ra ra ma ma n a ta ta u fe rt rti ga ga Kri sta lo lon 18+ 18+ 18+ 3+ mi mi cr cr 8 kg Dimethoate 38.0% 1.25 liter M en en ye ye mb mb ur ur ra ra cu cu n se ra ra ng ng ga ga d an an ku ku la la t Chlothalonil 41.3% 3 liter
Ta mb mba ha ha n ba ja ja subur da n z at at m ik ikro Kawalan serangga dan cegahan awal serangan penyakit kulat
Di di k sul ur 1.Membaja Tambahan I
Li d i bul uh sa ta y Baja 1.NPK 12/12/17/2+TE 2 Calcium Nitrate 3.Sul-Po-Mag (18.5/22/22) Racun / Foliar 1.Propineb 70% (Sabre) 2 Imidacloprid 18.3% 3.Kalsium + Boron (CABY)
S ul ur-sul ur di a tur su pa ya pokok Amat perlu bagi membantu pembentukan bunga,sulur dan ketahanan pokok ( Kalsium dan Boron), (Tebuk lubang antara pokok) Kawalan serangga (Thrip) dan cegahan awal serangan Penyakit
25
M en en ye ye mb mb ur ur ra ra cu cu n se ra ra ng ng ga ga d an an ku ku la la t serta baja foliar
Flufenoxuron 2.2% 0.8 liter Mancozed + carbendazim 0.5 liter Kalsium + Boron (CABY) 2 - 2.5 liter
30
Me m b a j a Ta m ba ha n I I
NP K 14:9:20 Kalsium Nitrat (N15.5:Ca19 + 0. 3%B) -Nitrobor Sul-po-mag 18.5:22:22
21 kg 21 kg 2 21 kg
Pembajaan menggalakkan pendebungaan
Deltamethrin25%(table) Dimethomorph 50% (Forum) Amino asid
80 gm (4 table) 0.32 kg 1 liter
Kawalan serangga dan Thrip Racun kulat mencegah mencegah / mengawa l Penggalakkan pembungaan
Bunga jantan dari tembikai oren betina tanpa biji
Nisbah bunga jantan betina 1:3
Pendebungaan dijalankan pada waktu pagi sahaja (7.30-10.00)
1.25 liter 1.0 liter 3.0 liter 1.5 liter Baja 80 Kg 40 Kg Racun / Foliar 3.2 kg 0.8 liter
Kawalan serangga, hamama dan Thrip Racun kulat mencega h / mengawal P Penggalakkan putik dan mutu buah Pembajaan untuk pembesaran dan mutu buah - Nitrobor (N15.5:Ca19 + 0.3%B) Kawalan serangga, hamama dan Thrip Racun kulat mencegah mencegah / mengawa l
10 12 14
19
32
M en en ye ye mb mb ur ur ra ra cu cu n se ra ra ng ng ga ga d an an ku ku la la t serta baja foliar
38 Pendebungaan Berbantu (kahwin bunga) 44 45 50
Menyembur racun serangga dan kulat serta baja foliar
Anak benih - 7HSS Thiram
1690 lubang 1.8 kg
0.4 liter Deltamethrin 2.8% EC 1 kg. Mancozed M45 Amino asid (Humiforte N-6) 0.75 liter
Dimethoate 38.0% Cypermethrin Chlothalonil 41.3% Bio Amino asid (Kadostim) 1. M e mb mba ja ja Ta mb mba ha ha n I I I Baja 2. Menyembur racun serangga dan kulat NPK 13:13:21 serta baja foliar Kalsium Nitrate Racun / Foliar Dimethomorph 50% (Forum) Flufenoxuron 2.2% Deltamethrin25%(table)
5000 ba ta ng Baja 1.150 kg. 2.100 kg 3. 50 kg Racun / Foliar
1. Pokok / lubang dan jarak 0.75m antara pokok 2.Siraman bagi kekalkan kelembapan Kawalan ulat (pucuk, ratus, pangkas) Cegahan awal Penyakit Kelapuk Downy Downy dll Amino asid tulin (rujuk kertas
Kawalan serangga dan hamama (2+1) Racun kulat mencegah dan mengawal, Pembentukan bunga, sulur dan ketahanan pokok ( Kalsium dan Boron)
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 KEPERLUAN DAN KOS PROJEK TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SELUAS 40 HEKTAR
Jadual 1: Anggaran Keperluan dan Kos Infrastruktur dan Penyediaan Ladang Kadar Jumla h Ka dar / Pokok Item Perka ra Unit Ku K uanti ti (RM) (RM) (RM) A Bahan kelengk kelengkapan apan sis istem tem pengairan pengairan Paip PVC 4" Class '0' Bt g 140 28. 00 3,920.00 0.046 Paip PVC 3" Class '0' Bt g 360 19. 00 6,840.00 0.081 Paip PVC 2" Class '0' Bt g 315 11. 00 3,465.00 0.041 Aksesori paip PVC Lot 1 650. 00 650.00 0.008 Pita titisan 16 mm X 2000m Roll 38 600. 00 22,800.00 0.270 PE Tubing 16mm Roll 5 120. 00 600.00 0.007 Aksesori Pita titisan Lot 1 800. 00 800.00 0.009 39,075.00 0.463 B Alat Alatan an Jent Jentera era Ladan Ladang g Pam air, En Engin diesel 12 HP Unit 1 5, 000. 00 5,000.00 0.059 Janakuasa pam air Unit 1 5,500. 00 5,500.00 0.065 Mini Trektor 4x4 Unit 1 25,000. 00 25,000. 00 0.296 Tangki air 1000 lit Unit 4 250. 00 1,000.00 0.012 Mini t reller Unit 2 1,500. 00 3,000.00 0.036 Pam penyembur 45 psi Unit 2 800. 00 1,600.00 0.019 41,100.00 0.487 C Lain Keperlu Keperluan an Infras Infrastruk truktur tur Kayu pagar Bt g 1650 1. 00 1,650.00 0.020 Kawat duri Roll 70 23. 00 1,610.00 0.019 Bangsal pe pemunggahan 60 60'x60' Unit 1 9, 00 000. 00 00 9,000.00 0.107 Perparitan m 940 35. 00 32,900.00 0.389 45,160.00 0.535 D Operasi Ladang Ladang / Penyediaan Tanah Racun rumpai pert ama Tong 8 200. 00 1,600.00 0.019 Tenggala piring pertama ekar 100 70. 00 7,000.00 0.083 Tenggala piring kedua ekar 100 70. 00 7,000.00 0.083 Tenggala putar ekar 100 50. 00 5,000.00 0.059 M em em ba bat as as dan gaul baj a (t ra rak to tor ) ek ar ar 100 50. 00 00 5,000.00 0.059 Keperluan baja (GML) Tan 20 140. 00 2,800.00 0.033 28,400.00 0.336 Jumla h: 153,735. 00 1.820
Cata tan
Main line ( dicadangkan Class D atau HDPE Polypipe ) Sub - main line PVC Fitting Drip Tape @ 2000 m /gulong, pemasangan 1 line / batas @300 m / gulong (penyabungan kepada pita titisan Drip Tape Fitting
12 HP Diesel Engine dengan 3" pam tekanan tinggi Generator Jentera ladang Untuk Power Sprayer Pengangkutan ladang Power Sprayer
Baikpulih perparitan sedia ada
Paraquat 19 % @ 20 lit. Disc Plough Rotorvator Kontrak Permulihan / pembaikian pH tanah
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 Jadual 2:sambungan 4 Pembajaan pada 30 HST (Sebelum (Sebelum pendebungaan) pendebungaan) NPK 14:9:20 17 62.00 Ka lsium Nitra t 17 62.00 Sul-Po-Ma g 18.5:22:22 17 35.00 *Ka da r 30 gm ja ra k a nta ra pokok
D
1,054.00 1,054.00 595.00 2,703.00
0.012 Hydro 0.012 Nutribor ( N15.5:Ca19 +B 0.3% ) 0.007 Peladang Kimia 0.032
5 Pembajaan Pada 50 HST (Peringkat (Peringkat Pembesaran Pembesaran Buah) NPK 13:13:21 ba g 66 60.00 3,960.00 Ka ls lsium Ni Nitra te te ( N1 N15.5:Ca 19 19) ba g 34 62.00 2,108.00 *Ka da da r 60 60g m a nt nta ra ra p ok ok ok ok lu lu ar ara n dr dr pd pd . Ba ta ta s 6, 06 068. 00 00
0.047 NPK Red 0.025 Digalakkan m empunyai unsur Boron ( Nutribor ) 0.072
6 Pembaj aan Sirama n / Fertigas Fertigasii (Pengairan Titisan) 45-55 HST Krista lon 10:30:30 ba g 10 180.00 1,800.00 1,800.00
0.021 Tambahan baja buah dan za t mikro 0.021
Anggaran Anggar an Keperluan Racun Racun Serang Serangga ga dan Kul Kulat at serta serta Baja Foliar Foliar 1 Semburan selepas selepas tanam Thira m kg 72 20.00 1,440.00 1,440.00 2 Semburan pada ( 5HST 5HST ) De lta me thrin 2.8% lit 8 60.00 480.00 Ma ncoze d M45 kg 20 23.00 460.00 Bio-Stil Amino a sid ( che la te d ) lit 30 43.50 1,305.00 2,245.00 3 Semburan pada 12 12 HST Dime thoa te 38.0% li t 50 28.00 1400.00 Chlorotha lonil li t 60 25.00 1500.00 2900.00 4 Semburan pada 25 25 HST Flufe nox uron 2. 2 .2 % li t 32 110.00 3520.00 Ma ncoze d + Ca rbe ndozim kg 3 46.00 138.00 Ka isium + Boron li t 80 20.00 1600.00 5258.00 5 Semburan pada 32 32 HST De lta me thrin 25% kg 3.2 725.00 2320.00 Dime thomorph 50% kg 13 206.00 2678.00 Bio-S titi l Ami no no a si d ( che la la te te d ) li t 40 43.50 1740.00 4418.00
0.017 Kawalan awal penyakit Pythium ( racun kulat ) 0.017 0.006 bm De lta me thrin 2.8%, De cis 2.8 dll.( ra cun se ra ngga ) 0.005 Dithane 45 dll.( racun kulat ) 0.015 Humiforte N-6 ( Foliar untuk pembesaran ) 0.027 0.017 Dimet, bm Dimethoate, Logor dll. ( racun serangga ) 0.018 Rovartac SPS dll ( racun kulat ) 0.034 0.042 Racun serangga IGR 2 dalam 1 ( Ulat dan Hamama ) 0.002 Racun kulat ( Delsene MX 200 atau campuran dua prod 0.019 Cab'y ( Chelated ) - 10% Ca: 0.5% B ( Foliar ) 0.062 0.027 De cis Tab ( ra cun se ra ngga ) 0.032 Forum ( ra cun kula t ) 0.021 Fosnutre n ( Fol ia ia r untuk pe mb mbunga an an ) 0.052
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KURSUS PENGELUARAN TEMBIKAI TANPA BIJI SECARA KOMERSIAL ANJURAN FAMA DI HOTEL SRI MALAYSIA, BAGAN LALANG, SEPANG, SELANGOR PADA 2828-29 DISEMBER 2005 Jadual 2:sambungan
E BAHAN API API Minyak Die se l Minyak Hitam/Se linde r Minyak Gre ss Minyak RPO 250
Drum T ong T ong T ong
10 4 1 4
F UPAH / KOS TENA TENAGA GA KERJ KERJA A Gaji pe ke rja te tap - 2400/se orang/ Upah me me ndidik Jl Jln-400/se orang/15 Upah Pe P e nde bungaan-540/se orang
12 20 45
180.00 85.00 60.00 45.00
JUM LAH: JUM LAH (JADUAL 1 + 2) : G PENDAPA PENDAPATAN TAN BA BAGI GI 100 EKA EKAR R Hasi Ha sill purata purata bersi bersih h 10 t.m t.m/ek /ekar ar 1000 t.m 1000 t.m 50% gre d e ksport ( >7 >7 kg) t.m 500 30% gr ed ed A T em empat an an (5-7 k t .m .m 300 20% gre d B T em empatan (< (<5 k t.m 200 Pe ndapatan kasar: Kos Pe nge luaran: Pe ndapatan be rsih: Pulangan se tiap ringgit pe laburan:
800.00 500.00 300.00
1,800.00 340.00 60.00 180.00 2,380.00
0.021 0.004 0.001 0.002 0.028
29,520.00 6,000.00 10,800.00 46,320.00
0.349 0.071 0.128 0.548
226,989.00 380,724.00
2.69 4.51
400,000.00 150,000.00 60,000.00 610,000.00 380,724.00 229,276.00
7.22 4.51 2.71
0.60
0.60