Bahagian A
1
Diagram 1 shows an animal cell and a plant cell. Rajah 1 menunjukkan suatu sel haiwan dan suatu sel tumbuhan. tumbuhan.
Diagram 1
(a) Name the parts labelled labelled P, Q, R and S. Namakan bahagian-bahagian berlabel P, Q, R dan S.
P: Q: R: S: [4 marks] (b) Give three differences between an animal cell and a plant cell. Berikan tiga perbezaan antara sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan.
[3 marks] (c) State two main components of the protoplasm. Nyatakan dua komponen utama protoplasma.
[2 marks] (d) What is the function of the part labelled labelled P? Apakah fungsi bahagian berlabel P?
[1 mark] (e) (i) Name the membrane membrane that surrounds the structure structure labelled T. Namakan membran yang mengelilingi struktur struktur yang berlabel T.
[1 mark] (ii) State the function of the part labelled labelled U. Nyatakan fungsi bahagian yang berlabel U.
[1 mark]
3
Diagram 3 shows the structure of a plant cell. Rajah 3 menunjukkan struktur suatu sel tumbuhan.
Diagram 3 R ajah 3
(a) (i) What is organelle organelle X and and Y? Apakah organel X dan Y?
X: Y: [2 marks] (ii) State one function of organelle X. Nyatakan sat satu fungsi organel X.
[1 mark] (b) (i) Name the structure in organelle organelle Y which is involved in the light reaction reaction of photosynthesis. Namekan struktur dalam organel Y yang terlibat dalam tindak balas cahaya fotosintesis.
[1 mark] (ii) Describe briefly the function of organelle Y in photosynthesis. Terangkan dengan ringkas fungsi organel Y dalam fotosintesis.
[2 marks]
(c) A cabbage is immersed immersed in concentrated salt solution for a certain period of time. Satu kobis direndam di dalam larutan garam pekat pada tempoh masa tertentu.
(i) Draw a labelled diagram of the condition of the cabbage cell after being immersed in the the concentrated concentrated salt solution. Lukiskan rajah berlabel keadaan sel kobis tersebut selepas direndam dalam larutan garam garam pekat.
[2 marks] (ii) Explain what has happened to the cabbage cabbage cell in the concentrated salt solution. Jelaskan apa yang berlaku kepada sel kobis kobis tersebut di dalam larutan garam pekat.
[4 marks] 4
Diagram 4 shows the different levels of cell organisation in human. Rajah 4 menunjukkan aras yang berbeza dalam organisasi sel bagi manusia.
Cell Sel Sel
Tissue Tisu
Organ Organ
Sel darah merah
Y
Jantung
X
Tisu epitelium
Pankreas
Sel otot
Tisu otot licin
Z
Table 4
(a) (i) Name X, Y and Z. Namakan X, Y dan Z.
X: Y: Z: [3 marks] (ii) State one function of the red blood cell. Nyatakan sat satu fungsi sel darah merah.
[1 mark] (b) Explain the function of pancreas in regulating the blood glucose level. level. Jelaskan fungsi pankreas dalam mengawal atur aras glukosa darah.
[2 marks] (c) State the function of rennin, rennin, pepsin and hydrochloric acid acid in the stomach. Nyatakan fungsi renin, pepsin dan asid hidroklorik dalam perut. perut.
Rennin: Renin:
Pepsin: Pepsin:
Hydrochloric acid: Asid hidroklorik:
[3 marks] (d) Diagram 4 shows the movement movement of a bolus of f ood in oesophagus. Rajah 4 menunjukkan pergerakan bolus makanan makanan dalam esofagus.
Diagram 4
Explain how the bolus of food moves down from the oesophagus to the stomach. Jelaskan bagaimana bolus makanan bergerak turun dari esofagus ke perut.
[3 marks] 5
Diagram 5 shows the levels of cell organisation in humans. Rajah 5 menunjukkan aras-aras organisasi sel dalam manusia.
Diagram 5
(a) Complete Table 5. Lengkapkan Jadual 5.
Level Ar as
Name Nama Cell
1
Sel
2 3 Table 5
[2 marks] (b) (i) The cells undergo undergo process P to becomes becomes specialised in order to perform perform a specific function. What is process P? Sel-sel melalui proses P untuk menjadi khusus supaya dapat menjalankan fungsi yang khusus. Apakah proses P?
[1 mark] (ii) State the function of the structure structure in level 2. Nyatakan fungsi struktur dalam aras 2.
[1 mark] (c) (i) Name blood vessel X. Namakan salur darah X.
[1 mark] (ii) Name two conditions which can cause a blockage in blood vessel X and explain. Namakan dua keadaan yang boleh menyebabkan berlakunya penyumbatan dalam salur darah X dan elaskan.
[4 marks]
(ii) State three effects of the condition in 5(c)(ii) on a person's health. Nyatakan tiga kesan keadaan di 5(c)(ii) ke atas kesihatan seorang individu.
[3 marks]
1
Diagram 1.1 shows two regions, X and Y, which are separated by a semi-permeable membrane. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkanduakawasan, X dan Y, yang yang dipisahkanolehsatumembranseparatelap.
Diagram 1.1 (a) (i) Based on on Diagram Diagram 1.1, which which region is hypotonic? hypotonic? Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, kawasanmanakah yang hipotonik? hipotonik?
[1 mark] (ii) Give one reason for the answer in 1(a)(i). Berikan sat satu sebabbagijawapandalam 1(a)(i).
[1 mark] (iii) An An equilibrium is achieved between regions X and Y after 15 minutes. Complete Diagram 1.2. Keseimbanganantarakawasan X dankawasan Y tercapaiselepas tercapaiselepas 15 minit. Lengkapkan Rajah 1.2.
Diagram 1.2
[2 marks] (iv) State the process which occurs in 1(a)(iii). Nyatakan proses yang berlakudalam 1(a)(iii).
[1 mark]
(b) A few slices of cucumber is immersed immersed in a concentrated salt solution. Beberapahirisantimundirendamdalamlarutangaram yang pekat.
(i) Explain why the above method method is able to preserve the cucumber cucumber for a long period period of time. Jelaskanmengapakaedah di atasdapatmengawettimuntersebutbagijangkamasa atasdapatmengawettimuntersebutbagijangkamasa yang panjang.
[2 marks] (ii) Complete Diagram 1.3 by drawing the condition of the cucumber cucumber cell afer the preservation process. Lengkapkan Rajah 1.3 denganmelukiskeadaanseltimuntersebutselepas denganmelukiskeadaanseltimuntersebutselepas proses pengawetan.
Diagram 1.3
[2 marks] (iii) State State the condition of the cucumber cell i n 1(b)(ii). Nyatakankeadaanseltimuntersebutdalam 1(b)(ii).
[1 mark] (c) Give tworeasons why athletes are advised to drink isotonic drink during a competition. Berikandua sebabmengapaahli-ahlisukandinasihatkanmeminumm sebabmengapaahli-ahlisukandinasihatkanmeminumminumanisotoniksemasapertandingan. inumanisotoniksemasapertandingan. 1. 2. [2 marks]
2
Diagram 2.1 shows the movement of substances P and Q across the plasma membrane respectively. respectively. The movement of P requires energy but the movement of Q does not. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkanpergerakanbahan menunjukkanpergerakanbahan P dan Q merentasimembran plasma. Pergerakan P memerlukantenagatetapipergerakan Q tidakmemerlukantenaga.
Diagram 2.1
(a) Name the processes processes involved in the movement movement of P and Q. Namakan proses yang terlibatdalampergerakan P dan Q.
P: Q: [2 marks] (b) (i) Give one example of P and Q. Berikan sat satucontoh P dan Q. P: Q: [2 marks] (ii) Describe the movement movement of Q shown in Diagram 2.1. Terangkanpergerakan Q seperti yang ditunjukkanpada Rajah 2.1.
[2 marks] (c) Diagram 2.2 shows two types of cells, X and Y. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkanduajenissel, X dan Y.
Diagram 2.2 (i) Draw the appearance appearance of each cell cell in hypotonic solution and hypertonic solution. solution. Lukiskankeadaansetiapsel di dalamlarutanhipotonikdanlarutanhipertonik. dalamlarutanhipotonikdanlarutanhipertonik.
Hypotonic solution Larutanhipotonik
Hypertonic solution Larutanhipertonik
X
Y
[4 marks] (ii) Explain what happens to cell Y in 0.7% sodium chloride solution and 5% sodium chloride solution. Jelaskanapakah yang berlakukepadasel berlakukepadasel Q dalamlarutannatriumklorida 0.7% danlarutannatriumklorida 5%.
0.7% sodium chloride solution L arutanna arutannatri trium umklori klori da 0.7%
5% sodium chloride solution L arutanna arutannatri tri umklori umklori da 5%
[2 marks] 3
Diagram 3.1 shows a green mustard stem is cut into two equal strips and placed in solution X and Y respectively. respectively. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkanbatangsawidipotongkepadaduajalur menunjukkanbatangsawidipotongkepadaduajalur yang samasaizdandiletakkan di dalamlarutan X dan Y masing-masing.
Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2 shows the results obtained from this experiment. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkankeputusan yang diperolehidaripadaeksperimentersebut.
Diagram 3.2
(a) What are solution X and Y used used in this experiment? Apakahlarutan X dan Y yang digunakandalameksperimentersebut? digunakandalameksperimentersebut?
X: Y: [2 marks] (b) Identify solution X and and Y. Kenalpastikanlarutan X dan Y.
X: Y: [2 marks] (c) Describe the condition condition of the strips that are immersed immersed in solution X and Y. Terangkankeadaanjalur yang direndam di dalamlarutan X dan Y.
X:
Y:
[2 marks] (d) Diagram 3.3 shows the condition of two plants P and Q which are added with fertilizer. Plant Q is added with excess fertilizer. Rajah 3.3 menunjukkankeadaanduatumbuhan menunjukkankeadaanduatumbuhan P dan Q yang diberibaja. Tumbuhan Q diberibajasecaraberlebihan.
Diagram 3.3
Explain the condition of plant Q in Diagram 3.3. Jelaskankeadaantumbuhan Q dalam Rajah Rajah 3.3.
[3 marks] (e) A woman makes mango pickles by immersing mango slices in a concentrated sugar solution. Seorangperempuanmembuatjerukmanggadenganmerendamkepinganbuahmanggadalamlarutangula yang pekat.
State one advantage and twodisadvantages disadvantages of the method used, compared to storing fresh mangoes. Nyatakan sat satukebaikandanduakeburukankaedah yang digunakanberbandingdenganmenyimpanmanggasegar.
Advantage: Kebaikan:
Disadvantages: Keburukan:
[3 marks]
4
Diagram 4 shows the structure of the plasma membrane. Rajah 4 menunjukkanstrukturmembran plasma.
Diagram 4 (a) Label the following parts of the plasma membrane membrane on Diagram 4. Labelkanbahagian-bahagianmembran plasma yang berikutpada berikutpada Rajah 4.
(i) Carrier protein Proteinpembawa
(ii) Phospholipid bilayer Dwilapisanfosfolipid
(iii) Pore protein Proteinliang
[3 marks] (b) State two characteristics of the phospholipid bilayer. Nyatakanduaciridwilapisanfosfolipid.
[2 marks] (c) (i) Glucose molecules molecules are transported across across the plasma plasma membrane membrane into the cell cell through facilitated diffusion. Explain why.
Molekul-molekulglukosadiangkutkeselmerentasimembran plasma melaluiresapanberbantu. melaluiresapanberbantu. Jelaskanmengapa.
[2 marks] (ii) Describe how calcium calcium ions are transported into the cell. Terangkanbagaimana ion kalsiumdiangkutkedalam sel.
[3 marks] (d) Give twofactors that affect the permeability of the plasma membrane. Berikandua faktor yang mempengaruhiketelapanmembran mempengaruhiketelapanmembran plasma.
[2 marks]
1
Diagram 1.1 shows a sequence of stages in the synthesis of an extracellular enzyme in a human pancreatic cell. The stages stages are labelled labelled as Stage I, Stage II and and Stage III. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan turutan peringkat dalam sintesis suatu enzim luar sel dalam sel pankreas manusia. Peringkat-peringkat tersebut dilabelkan sebagai Peringkat I, Peringkat II dan Peringkat III.
Diagram 1.1
(a) Explain the changes changes that occurred in the double helix helix of the DNA strand duting Stage I. I. Jelaskan perubahan yang berlaku dalam rantai heliks heliks ganda dua DNA semasa Peringkat I.
[2 marks] (b) (i) State two differences between the structure of the protein polypeptide molecule and the DNA molecule. Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara struktur molekul polipeptida protein dengan molekul DNA.
[2 marks] (ii) Differentiate between between the structures of DNA and RNA. Bezakan antara struktur DNA dengan RNA.
[1 mark] (c) Explain how the protein formed at the ribosome is transformed transformed into the extracellular enzyme enzyme so that it can be secreted from the cell. Jelaskan bagaimana protein yang terbentuk di ribosom diubah bentuk bentuk menjadi enzim luar sel supaya boleh dirembes keluar daripada sel.
[3 marks] (d) Diagram 1.2 shows a gene mutation that occurs occurs in the DNA strand containing the base sequence CTC. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan mutasi gen yang berlaku pada rantai DNA yang mengandungi urutan bes CTC.
Diagram 1.2
Explain how the mutation affects the specific characteristic or trait controlled. Jelaskan bagaimana mutasi tersebut mempengaruhi ciri atau trait tertentu tertentu yang terkawal.
[3 marks]
2
Diagram 2.1 shows the organelles involved during the synthesis and secretion of an enzyme in an animal cell. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan organel-organel yang terlibar semasa sintesis dan rembesan suatu enzim dalam satu sel haiwan.
Diagram 2.1
(a) Name the organelles organell es labelled W and X. Namakan organel yang berlabel W dan X.
W: X: [2 marks] (b) (i) Explain the role of organelle organelle Y in the synthesis of the enzyme. enzyme. Jelaskan peranan organel Y dalam sintesis enzim.
[1 mark] (ii) State the function of organelle organelle Z. Nyatakan fungsi organel Z.
[2 marks] (c) Diagram 2.2 shows the hypothesis of the mechanism mechanism of enzyme reaction reaction on a substrate. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan hipotesis bagi mekanisme tindak balas balas enzim ke atas suatu substrat.
Diagram 2.2
(i) State the hypothesis. Nyatakan hipotesis tersebut.
[1 mark] (ii) What is represented represented by K, L, M and N? Apakah yang diwakili oleh K, L, M dan N? N?
K:
L: M: N: [4 marks] (iii) State two characteristics of the enzyme as explained by the hypothesis. Nyatakan dua ciri-ciri enzim seperti yang dijelaskan oleh hipotesis tersebut. 1. 2. [2 marks]
3
Diagram 3.1 shows two levels of organisation in protein structure. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan dua peringkat organisasi di dalam struktur protein.
Diagram 3.1
(a) Name the level level of organisation in the protein structure structure of P and Q. Namakan peringkat organisasi di dalam struktur protein P and Q.
P: Q: [2 marks] (b) Describe the structure structure of protein P. Terangkan struktur protein P.
[2 marks] (c) Diagram 3.2 shows protein protein P is broken down to form products. products. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan protein P diuraikan untuk membentuk produk.
Diagram 3.2
Explain how the products are formed. Jelaskan bagaimana produk-produk dibentuk.
[2 marks] (d) Why animal proteins proteins are first class protein? Mengapakah protein haiwan adalah protein kelas pertama? pertama?
[1 mark]
(e) (i) A silk garment garment crumples when when it is washed washed using hot water at at a temperature temperature of 65°C. 65°C. Explain this statement. Pakaian sutera menjadi berkedut apabila dibasuh menggunakan menggunakan air panas pada suhu 65°C. Jelaskan pernyataan tersebut.
[3 marks] (ii) Based on the statement statement in 3(e)(i), suggest two ways to maintain the quality of silk garments. Berdasarkan pernyataan di 3(e)(i), cadangkan dua cara untuk mengekalkan kualiti pakaian sutera.
[2 marks]
