Section A Bahagian A
[60 marks] marks] [60 markah] markah] Answer all questions in this section. Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini. 1. Graph 2 shows shows the temperature temperature against against time time when solid solid P is heated. heated. Graf 2 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bagi pemanasan pepejal P.
Temperature / oC Suhu / oC
200
136
83 t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
28 Time / s Masa /s Graph 1 Graf 1 (a) (a)
Base Based d on on Gra Graph ph 1 , ans answe werr the the foll follow owin ing g que quest stio ions ns:: Berdasarkan Graf Graf 1, jawab soalan-soalan soalan-soalan berikut : (i)
What is meant by melting point ? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dimaksudkan dengan takat lebur lebur ? ........................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................[1 mark]
(ii (ii)
Sta State the melti elting ng poin oint of of sub subsstanc tancee P .
1
Nyatakan takat lebur bahan bahan P. ......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (iii (iii))
Give Give the the phy physica sicall stat statee of P from from tim time t 1 to t2. Nyatakan keadaan fizik fizik P dari masa t1 hingga t 2. ................... ........................ ...................... ...................... ...................... ........................ ... [ 1 mark]
(iv)
Explain why the temperature remains constant from time t 1 to t2. Terangkan kenapa suhu tidak berubah dari masa t1 hingga t 2. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ................... ........................ ...................... ...................... ...................... ........................ ... [2 marks]
(b) (b)
When When soli solid d iod iodin inee is is hea heate ted, d, it chan change gess to to pur purpl plee fum fume. e. Apabila pepejal iodin iodin dipanaskan , ia bertukar bertukar ke wasap ungu (i)
Name the process involved . Namakan proses yang terlibat. terlibat. ..........................................................................................................................................[1 marks]
(ii)
Name one isotope of iodine and state its use. Namakan satu isotop untuk iodin dan nyatakan kegunaannya. ............................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................[2 marks]
2. Table 2 shows the molecular formulae and observations for three compounds when they react with bromine water. Jadual 2 menunjukkan formula formula molekul dan pemerhatian pemerhatian bagi tiga sebatian sebatian apabila bertindakbals bertindakbals dengan air bromin.
Compound Sebatian
Molecular Formula Formula Molekul
P
C2H4
Q R
C2H6 C4H10
Observation Pemerhatian
Brown colour is decolourised Warna perang menjadi tidak berwarna Brown colour remains Warna perang tidak berubah ……………………………………………. Table 2
2
Jadual 2 (a)
Name the homologous series for these compounds. Namakan siri homolog bagi sebatian-sebatian ini. i) P : ...................................................... Q : ………………………………….. [ 2 marks ] ii)
Write the general formula for the homologous series of compounds Q and R? Apakah formula am bagi siri homolog sebatian Q dan R? .................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark ]
iii)
In Table 4, complete the observation when compound R reacts with bromine water. Dalam Jadual 4, lengkapkan pemerhatian yang berlaku apabila sebatian R bertindakbalas dengan air bromin. [ 1 mark ]
iv)
Name another substance that can replace bromine water. Namakan bahan lain yang boleh menggantikan air bromin. .................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark]
v)
Explain why compound P is chemically more reactive than compound Q. Jelaskan mengapa sebatian P lebih reaktif secara kimia berbanding sebatian Q. .................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................
(b)
[ 1 mark ] One mole of compound P and Q undergo complete combustion to form gas X and water. Satu mol sebatian P dan Q mengalami pembakaran lengkap untuk menghasilkan gas X dan air. i)
Name gas X. Namakan gas X. …………………………………………………………………………..
ii)
[ 1 mark ] Write a balanced chemical equation when compound P or Q reacts with oxygen. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang apabila sebatian P atau Q bertindak balas dengan oksigen.
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………………………………………………………………………….. 12 7 14 40 [ 1 mark ] Explain why the compound P burns with more soot compared to compound W X Y Z Q. Jelaskan mengapa sebatian P terbakar dengan penghasilan jelaga yang lebih 6 18 banyak6daripada sebatian Q.3
iii)
………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks ]
3. Diagram 3 shows the chemical symbols which represent four elements W, X, Y and Z. Rajah 3 menunjukkan simbol yang mewakili empat unsur iaitu unsur W, X, Y dan Z.
(a)
Diagram 3 Rajah 3 State the number of electrons and neutrons in atom Z. Nyatakan bilangan elektron dan neutron dalam atom Z. Number of electrons: ……………. Number of neutrons: ……… Bilangan elektron : Bilangan neutron: [2 marks] [2 markah]
(b)
(i )
Define nucleon number. Takrifkan nombor nukleon. ………………....………………………………………………………………... ..…………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark ] [1 markah]
(ii)
State the nucleon number of atom Z. Nyatakan nombor nukleon bagi atom Z . ........…………………………………………………………............................... [1 mark ] [1 markah]
(c)
(i)
Write the electron arrangement of atom X. Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom X.
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…………………………………………………………………………………... [1 mark ] [1 markah] (ii)
Draw the electron arrangement of atom X to show the position of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom. Lukis susunan elektron bagi atom X untuk menunjukkan kedudukan proton, neutron dan elektron dalam atom.
[2 marks] (d)
(i)
Which two elements are isotopes? Dua unsur yang manakah merupakan isotop? ……………………………………………………………………...................[1 mark ]
(ii)
Explain why isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties. Terangkan mengapa isotop sesuatu unsur mempunyai sifat kimia yang sama. …………….……………………………………..…………………………….[1 mark ]
(iii)
Give one usage of the isotope mentioned in (d) (i). Beri satu kegunaan isotop yang dinyatakan dalam jawapan (d) (i). …………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark ]
4. Diagram 4 shows the set -up apparatus of an experiment to determine the empirical formula of copper (II) oxide. Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi kuprum (II) oksida.
Hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen
Copper(II) oxide Kuprum(II) oksida
Heat
5 Anhydrous calcium chloride, CaCl2 Kalsium klorida kontang, CaCl 2
Panaska n
Porcelain dish Mangkuk porselin
Diagram 4 Rajah 4 (a)
What is the meaning of chemical formula? Apakah maksud formula kimia? ...………….……………………………………………………………………… [1 mark ]
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Name an acid and metal that can be used to prepare hydrogen gas in this experiment. Namakan suatu asid dan logam yang boleh digunakan untuk menyediakan gas hidrogen dalam eksperimen ini. …………………………………………………………………………………... [1 mark ] Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between the acid and the metal in (b) (i). Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang berimbang untuk tindak balas yang berlaku di antara asid dan logam di (b) (i). ………….………………………………...…………………………………… [1 mark ]
(c)
State one precaution that must be taken before the copper (II) oxide is heated. Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil sebelum kupum(II) oksida dipanaskan. ………….……...………………………………………………………………………[1 mark ]
(d)
Table 5 shows the results of an experiment carried out by a student. Jadual 5 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen yang dilakukan oleh pelajar. Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk porselin Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper (II) oxide Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk porselin + kuprum(II) oksida Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk porselin + kuprum
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30.24g 32.26g 31.86g
Table 5 Jadual 5
(i)
Calculate the number of moles of copper in this reaction. [Relative atomic mass : Cu = 64] Kirakan bilangan mol kuprum dalam tindak balas ini. [Jisim atom relatif :i Cu= 64]
[1 mark ] [1 markah] (ii)
Calculate the number of moles of oxygen in this reaction. [Relative atomic mass : O = 16] Kirakan bilangan mol kuprum dalam tindak balas ini. [Jisim atom relative: O= 16]
[1 mark ] [1 markah] (iii)
Determine the empirical formula of copper (II) oxide. Tentukan formula empirik kuprum (II) oksida .
[2 marks] [2 markah] (e)
Name another metal oxide which uses the same method to determine the empirical formula. Namakan suatu oksida logam yang lain di mana formula empiriknya ditentukan dengan
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kaedah yang sama. ……..…………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark ] [1 markah] (f)
M is a reactive metal. Suggest a method to determine the empirical formula of the oxide of M. M merupakan suatu logam reaktif. Cadangkan satu kaedah untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi oksida M. ........................................................................................................................................... [1 mark ] [1 markah]
5. Diagram 6 shows part of the Periodic Table of the Elements. D, E, G, L, M, and J do not represent the actual symbol of the elements. Rajah 6 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. D, E, K, L, M dan J tidak mewakili simbol sebenar unsur-unsur berkenaan.
Diagram 6 Rajah 6
Using the letters in the Periodic Table of the Elements in Diagram 6, answer the following questions. Dengan menggunakan huruf-huruf yang terdapat dalam Jadual Berkala pada Rajah 6, jawab soalan soalan berikut . (a)
(i)
State the position of element E in the Periodic Table. Nyatakan kedudukan unsur E dalam Jadual Berkala . ……………………………………………………………………………………….…[2 marks]
(ii)
Choose the element which exhibit different oxidation numbers in its compounds. Pilih unsur yang mempunyai pelbagai nombor pengoksidaan di dalam sebatiannya.
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…………………………………………………………...……………………………..[1 mark ] (b)
Element D combines with element L to form a compound. Unsur D bergabung dengan unsur L untuk membentuk suatu sebatian . (i)
Write the chemical formula of this compound. Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian ini. ..............................…………………………………………………………………........[1 mark ]
(ii)
State one physical property of this compound. Nyatakan satu sifat fizik sebatian ini. ………………………………………………………………………....................... [1 mark ]
(c)
D and E have the same chemical properties. D dan E mempunyai sifat-sifat kimia yang sama . (i)
Which element is more reactive? Unsur yang manakah yang lebih reaktif? ...........................................................................................................................................[1 mark ]
(ii)
Explain your answer in (c) (i). Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (c) (i). ………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………..[2 marks]
(d)
(i)
Which element exists as diatomic molecules? Unsur yang manakah membentuk molekul dwiatom? ………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark ]
(ii)
Name the chemical bond in these diatomic molecules. Namakan ikatan kimia dalam molekul dwiatom ini. ..........................………………………………………………………………….............[1 mark ]
6. Table 7 shows the elements P, Q, R, S and T and their proton numbers. Jadual 7 menunjukkan unsur P, Q, R, S dan T dan nombor proton masing-masing.
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Elements Proton number
P 6
Q 8 Table 1 a) State the position of element P in the Periodic Table Nyatakan kedudukan unsur P dalam Jadual Berkala.
R 12
S 17
T 20
………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] b) Which elements have the same chemical properties? Unsur yang manakah yang mempunyai sifat kimia yang sama? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
c) Q atom forms an ion by accepting two electrons Atom Q membentuk ion dengan menerima dua electron. i) Write the formula of ion Q. Tuliskan formula bagi ion Q. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
ii)
Write the electron arrangement of ion Q Tuliskan susunan electron bagi ion Q
……………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark] d) i) Write the chemical formula of the compound formed when atom R reacts with atom S …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
ii) State one physical property of compound in c) i) ……………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] e) Explain why the size of atom S is smaller compared to the size of atom R ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]
f)
Atom P and atom hydrogen react to form a molecule [Proton number of hydrogen is 1] i) How many hydrogen atoms in one molecule of the compound formed? …………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
ii) Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed between atom P and atom hydrogen
[2 marks]
3
Diagram 3 shows the apparatus set up to determine the melting point of substance X. In this experiment, solid X is heated until it c hanges to molten state. Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan takat lebur bahan X. Dalam ekspermen ini, pepejal X dipanaskan sehingga ia berubah kepada cecair.
Thermometer Termometer Boiling tube
Water
Tabung didih
Air X Substance Bahan X
11 Heat
Diagram 3 Rajah 3
Based on diagram 3, answer the following questions. Berdasarkan rajah 3, jawab soalan-soalan berikut.
(a)
What is the name of the process when solid changes to molten state? Apakah proses apabila pepejal berubah menjadi leburan? ………………………………………………….……………………………………………… [1 mark]
(b)
Solid X has a melting point of 90 ⁰C. If a test tube of molten X at 150 ⁰C is allowed to cool at room temperature, Pepejal X mempunyai takat lebur 90 ⁰C. Sekiranya tabung uji yang mengandungi leburan X pada suhu 150⁰C disejukkan pada suhu bilik, (i)
Sketch a graph of temperature against time for the cooling of molten X. Lakarkan graf suhu melawan masa untuk penyejukan leburan X.
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[2 marks] (ii)
How to avoid supercooling process? Bagaimana untuk mengelakkan proses penyejukan lampau? ……………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
(iii)
Draw a labelled apparatus set-up for the cooling process of substance X. Lukis susunan radas berlabel untuk proses penyejukan bagi bahan X.
[ 2 marks] (c)
Particles consist of atom, molecule or ions. Why is an atom neutral? Zarah-zarah terdiri daripada atom, molekul atau ion. Mengapakah atom adalah neutral? …………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
(d)
A bromine atom has 35 protons and 45 neutrons. Write the standard representation of bromine atom. Satu atom bromin mempunyai 35 proton dan 45 neutron. Tuliskan perwakilan piawai untuk atom bromin.
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark] (e)
(i)
What are isotopes? Apakah isotop? ………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
(ii)
Phosphorus-31 and phosphorus-32 are isotopes of phosphorus. State one use of phosphorus-32. Fosforus-31 dan fosforus-32 adalah isotop untuk fosforus. Nyatakan satu kegunaan fosforus-32. ……………………………………………………….…………………………………. [1 mark]
Section B Bahagian B
[20 marks] [20 markah]
Answer any one question from this section. Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini .
7
Diagram 7 shows parts of the Periodic Table of elements. Rajah 7 menunjukkan sebahagian unsur dalam Jadual Berkala. 1
2
13
14 C
Mg
Al
15
16
17
18
O Cl
Diagram 7 Rajah 7 (a)
Write the electron arrangements for the ions formed from aluminium atom and oxygen atom. Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi ion yang terbentuk daripada atom aluminium dan atom oksigen. [2 marks]
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(b)
By drawing the electron arrangement of compounds formed, describe how Dengan melukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk, huraikan bagaimana (i) Ionic bond formed between magnesium atom and chlorine atom. Ikatan ionik terbentuk di antara atom magnesium dengan atom klorin. [5 marks] (ii)
Covalent bond formed between carbon atom and chlorine atom. Ikatan kovalen terbentuk di antara atom karbon dengan atom klorin. [5 marks]
(c)
Explain why Terangkan kenapa (i) Compound formed in (b)(i) can conduct electricity in the molten state while compound formed in (b)(ii) cannot conduct electricity in any states. Sebatian yang terbentuk dalam (b)(i) boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam keadaan leburan manakala sebatian yang terbentuk dalam (b)(ii) tidak dapat mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam semua keadaan. [4 marks] (ii)
The melting and boiling points for compound in (b)(i) is higher than compound in (b)(ii). Takat lebur dan takat didih bagi sebatian dalam (b)(i) lebih tinggi daripada sebatian dalam (b)(ii). [4 marks]
8. (a) State the meaning of (i) Relative atomic mass (ii) One mol of a substance (iii) Molar mass (iv) Molar volume (8 marks) (b) 1 mole of any gas occupies 24 dm 3 at room condition
Explain why 16 g of oxygen gas occupies the same volume as 22 g of carbon dioxide at room condition. [Relative atomic mass : O=16 ; C=12 ] (4 marks) (c)
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Caffeine is one of the substances in coffee. 0.97 g of caffeine consists of 0.48 g carbon, 0.05 g hydrogen, 0.28 g nitrogen and 0.16 g oxygen. The molar mass of caffeine is 194 g mol -1. Based on the information above, determine the empirical formula and molecular formula of caffeine. [ Relative atomic mass : C=12 ; H=1 ; O=16 ; N=14] (8 marks)
Section C Bahagian C
[20 marks] [20 markah] Answer any one question from this section. Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini .
9
(a)
By using suitable example, explain what are meant by empirical formula and molecular formula. Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, terangkan apa yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik dan formula molekul. [3 marks] The information below is for compound Q (b) Maklumat berikut adalah bagi sebatian Q.
•
•
•
•
Carbon Karbon Hydrogen Hidrogen Oxygen Oksigen Relative molecular mass Jisim molekul relatif
40.00% 6.66% 53.33% 180
16
Based on the information of compound Q, determine: Berdasarkan maklumat bagi sebatian Q, tentukan: (i)
The empirical formula Formula empiriknya
(ii)
The molecular formula Formula molekulnya [ Relative atomic mass: C,12; H,1; O,16] [ Jisim atom relatif: C,12; H,1; O,16]
[ 5 marks] (c) Diagram 9 shows the set-up of apparatus to determine the empirical formula of two different compounds. Rajah 9 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menentukan formula empirik dua sebatian yang berlainan. Method I Kaedah I
Method II Kaedah II
Metal oxide / Oksida
dry hydrogen gas Metal Logam
Gas hidrogen kering
Asbestos paper Heat Panaskan
Kertas
Table 9 Rajah 9
(i)
Explain why method II is not suitable to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide?
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(ii)
(iii)
Terangkan mengapa kaedah II tidak sesuai bagi menentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida? [1mark] Suggest one metal oxide in method II. Cadangkan satu oksida logam dalam kae dah II. [1 mark] Using a suitable example, describe a laboratory experiment to determine the empirical formula of an oxide of a reactive metal. Your explanation should include: Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, huraikan suatu eksperimen di makmal untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi suatu oksida logam reaktif.. Penerangan anda mestilah meliputi : •
•
Procedure of the experiment Prosedur bagi eksperimen Tabulation of data Penjadualan data [10 marks]
10. (a) Scientists such as Antoine Lavoisier, Johann W. Dobereiner, John Newlands, Lothar Meyer and Dmitri Mendeleev have contributed greatly to the development of the Periodic Table of elements. Describe briefly their contributions. (10 marks) (b) Explain the differences between the Periodic Table proposed by Antoine Lavoisier and the Periodic Table.
Modern (6 marks)
(c) The valence electron of helium is 2. Is helium a Group 2 element ? Explain why. (4 marks)
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10. a) Sodium is one of the group 1 elements in the Periodic Table. Diagram 9.1 shows the chemical properties of sodium . Natrium merupakan salah satu unsure Kumpulan 1 dalam Jadual Berkala. Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan sifat kimia bagi natrium.
Solution Q and gas W Larutan Q dan gas W
Sodium Natrium
Metal oxide Oksida logam
i)
Name Solution Q and gas W. Namakan solution Q dan gas W
(2 marks)
ii) Based on reaction R, write the chemical equation for the reaction. State three physical properties of metal oxide formed. Berdasarkan tindak balas R, tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas tersebut. Nyatakan tiga sifat fizikal oksida logam yang terbentuk.
(4 marks)
b) Inert gases are referred to elements in group 18 in Periodic Table. Gas Adi merujuk kepada unsure kumpulan 18 dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
i)
Name all elements in Group 18. Namakan semua unsure Kumpulan 18
ii)
State four physical properties of Group 18 elements. Nyatakan empat cirri-ciri fizikal unsure kumpulan 18.
(5 marks)
c) Diagram 9.2 shows three atomic symbol of element X, Y and Z. Diagram 9.2 menunjukkan symbol atom bagi unsure X, Y dan Z.
12 6
X
27
Y
13
40 2
0 Z
Construct a table to show the electron arrangement, group and period of each element. Bina satu jadual untuk menunjukkan susuna electron, kumpulan dank ala bagi setiap unsur.
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9 marks)
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